standardisedfutureshop

288NotesIntroduction1SeetheFourPillarsofSustainabilityinChapter4.
2Schmidheiny,S.
(1992).
ChangingCourse:AGlobalBusinessPerspectiveonDevelopmentandtheEnvironment,MITPress,ISBN0-262-69153-1.
3Seealso:Stahel,W.
R.
(2001).
From'designforenvironment'to'designingsustainablesolutions';inM.
K.
Tolba(ed.
)OurFragileWorld:ChallengesandOpportunitiesforSustainableDevelopment,ForerunnertotheEncyclo-pediaofLifeSupportSystems,UNESCOandEOLSSEditors,CambridgeUK,pp.
1553–1568.
1ProducingPerformance1Seealso:Stahel,W.
R.
(1997).
Theserviceeconomy:'wealthwithoutresourceconsumption',PhilosophicalTransactionsA,RoyalSocietyLondon,355(June),1309–1319.
2ThehiddenmaterialrucksackoftheStoneAgeEconomyissmall,sothereislittledifferencebetweengrossandnetvalueperweight.
Exceptionsaredia-monds,withahuge'rucksack'ofhiddenmaterialowsandminingwaste.
Thegrossvalueperweightofdiamonds,inanoverallcalculationofallmaterialowsinvolved,isafractionofthenetvalue.
3'MaterialInputPerunitofService',MIPSwasstronglypromotedinthe1990sbytheFactor10Clubanditspresident,Prof.
FriedrichSchmidt-Bleek.
AnumberofpublicationsareavailableonMIPS.
4ThehiddenmaterialowsareconsiderableformostgoodsoftheIndustrialEconomy.
Grossvalue-per-weightratiosareabouthalfwaybetweentheStoneAgeEconomyandthenetvalue-per-weightratiooftheIndustrialEconomy.
5ThenewtechnologiesofthePerformanceEconomyhavesmallmaterialrucksacks;netandgrossvalue-per-weightratiosarethereforesimilar.
6Prof.
RyoichiYamamotoresearchesandteachesattheUniversityofTokyo,InstituteofIndustrialSciences.
E-mail–yamamoto@iis.
u-tokyo.
ac.
jp.
7SeealsoSection2.
4.
2.
8SeealsoSection2.
4.
2.
9Foragoodoverviewofbooksandarticles,seetheJournalofIndustrialEcology,7(3–4),Summer/Fall,2003,publishedbyMITPress.
10SeeInnovation&TechnologyTransfer,vol.
3/98,EUCommissionBrussels,May1998,p.
20.
11SeealsoSection1.
2.
4.
12'PhilRicegoesbacktoaggiedep't',ThePhilippineStar,July10,p.
B-10,2003.
13DatakindlysuppliedbyRoderickParker,AgriculturalInformationServicesLtd,LondonSW62AP.
14BasedoninformationbyProf.
CharlesP.
Enz,UniversityofGeneva.
SeealsoEnz,C.
P.
(1996).
Reviewofthephysicsofhigh-temperaturesupercon-ductors,inZygmuntPetruetal.
(eds)FromQuantumMechanicstoTechnology,pp.
143–160.
15SeealsoSection3.
4.
3.
16SeeChapter2fordetails.
17Theterm'functionalnanotechnology'wasrstproposedbyDrMargaretheHofmann,Lausanne.
18Foramoredetailedexplanation,seee.
g.
,NanoscienceandNanotechnologies:OpportunitiesandUncertainties,TheRoyalSocietyandTheRoyalAcademyofEngineering,RSPolicydocument19/04,July2004,ISBN0854036040,Price25.
Thisreportcanbefoundatwww.
royalsoc.
ac.
ukandwww.
raeng.
org.
uk,p.
116.
19Ausefulwebsiteonthehistoryofnanosciencesiswww.
sciencemuseum.
org.
uk/antenna/nano.
20InformationreceivedfromIng.
SergeBourquard,LAClaboratories,Geneva,Switzerland.
21AccordingtostudiesbyProf.
RyoichiYamamoto,seenote6.
22Source:Science,310,1793–1796,2005.
23ThisinformationwaskindlysuppliedbyProf.
OlgaGolubnitschaja,PhD,HeadoftheDivisionofMolecular/ExperimentalRadiologyattheFriedrich-Wilhelms-University,Bonn,GermanyandSecretary-GeneralofEPMA,Brussels.
24JohnKletzon16January1989,attheETH(SwissFederalInstituteofTechno-logy)ofZurich.
PublishedinALife-CycleEngineeringApproach,Bernold,T.
(ed.
),1990.
25HSE(1993).
TheCostofAccidentsatWork,HealthandSafetyExecutiveLondon,HMSO,bookletHS(G)96,ISBN0118863746.
26Source:Sustainableproduction,challenges;seenote30.
27ResearchreportedinNewScientist,April9,23,2005.
28Hartmann,K.
M.
,Goetz,S.
,Market,R.
,Kaufmann,T.
andSchneider,K.
(2003).
'Photocontrolofweedgermination:Lightlesstillageandvariablememoryoftheseedbank',AspectsofAppliedBiology,69,237–246,2003.
29AdetailedanalysisisgiveninFigure3.
5,page198.
30Sustainableproduction,challengesandobjectivesforEUresearchpolicy,July2001.
ReportoftheExpertGrouponCompetitive&SustainableProductionandRelatedServiceIndustriesinEuropeinthePeriodto2020,EUR19880,Euro-peanCommissionBrussels.
31Swisspressquotefrom1882attheopeningoftheGotthardrailtunnel.
32Or/kg,$/kg,Yen/kgandsoon.
33Stahel,W.
R.
(1997).
Theserviceeconomy:'wealthwithoutresourcecon-sumption',PhilosophicalTransactionsAoftheRoyalSocietyLondon,355(June),1309–1319.
TheideatouncoupleeconomicsuccessandresourceconsumptionhassincebeenintegratedintotheMarrakechdeclarationoftheUNO.
2SellingPerformance1Wysiwyg,whatyouseeiswhatyouget.
ThiswasanearlypromisebyMicrosoft'smodernsoftwarethatwhattheuserofaPCcouldseeontheNotes289screeniswhattheprinterwoulddeliver.
WhattodaysoundsobviouswasadreamformanyintheearlydaysofPCs,whichwereasrecentasthemid-1980s.
2TheframeworkoftheUnitedNationsMontereyConsensusadoptedin2002emphasisedthecriticalroleofprivateinvestmentinachievingdevelop-mentobjectives,includingtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals.
InJanuary2006,theOECDpublishedthedrafttextofthePolicyFrameworkforInvestment,anewinitiativetohelpcountriesattractmoreinvestmenttoboosteconomicgrowthanddevelopment.
3Thisgure,underthetitleof'DasKonzeptderZurverfügungstellungvonGütern',wasrstpublishedin:Brlin,M.
andStahel,W.
R.
(1987).
EconomicStrategyofDurability,ResearchedfortheSwissBankCorporation,Basel,Bankverein-HeftNr.
32,77p.
4See:Stahel,W.
R.
(1997).
'Thefunctionaleconomy,culturalandorgan-isationchange',inD.
J.
Richards(ed.
)TheIndustrialGreenGame:ImplicationsforEnvironmentalDesignandManagement,WashingtonDC,NationalAcademyPress,pp.
91–100.
5ReferringtoEngel'sLawinGiariniOrio,seenote6.
6Giarini,O.
andStahel,W.
R.
(1989/1992).
TheLimitstoCertainty:FacingRisksintheNewServiceEconomy,Dordrecht,Boston,KluwerAcademicPublishers,London,ISBN0-7923-2167-7,TranslatedintoFrench,Italian,Rumanian,JapaneseandGerman.
7Stahel,W.
R.
(2004).
'TheE-Factor',Resource,May–June,32–34.
8Lessonslearnedfrom4TimesSquare.
(1997).
TheDurstOrganisation,NewYork,NY10036.
9ForafullaccountofthebeginningofXerox,seeTheBattelleStory,availablefromtheBattelleMemorialFoundation,Columbus,Ohio.
10Xerox:DesignfortheEnvironment,HarvardBusinessSchoolcasestudyN9-794-022,7January1994.
11ChemicalManagementServicesIndustryReport2000(2000).
ChemicalStrategiesPartnership,SanFrancisco.
12BlueprintreporttotheEuropeanCommission,Brussels.
Seealsonote24.
13Votta,T.
,Broe,R.
,White,A.
andJohnson,J.
K.
(1998).
Usingenvironmentalaccountingtogreenchemicalsupplycontracts,PollutionPreventionReview67(Spring),68.
14ChemicalManagementServicesIndustryReport2000(2000).
ChemicalStrategiesPartnership,SanFrancisco.
15Energie-pros(2000–2002).
diebestenBeispielefurEnergie-Contracting;AvailablefromOEGUT-news,Hollandstrasse10,AT-1020Vienna,Austria.
16Deliveringresourceproductivity:Theservicesolution,AReportbyGreenAlliance,LondonSW1W0RE2003,ISBN0954381343.
17Goldman,C.
,Osborn,J.
,Hopper,N.
andSinger,T.
(2002).
MarketTrendsintheU.
S.
ESCOIndustry:ResultsfromtheNAESCODatabaseProject,ErnestOrlandoLawrenceLivermoreLaboratory,Berkeley,CA.
18TodayNovartisAGinBasel,Switzerland.
19NowNovartisAG,BaselandStiftungfürZusammenarbeitmitEntwicklungs-lnderninBasel.
20ThisisoneoftheobjectivesoftheUNMillenniumagendaof2000.
290Notes21AtermcoinedbyAmoryB.
Lovins,founderoftheRockyMountainsInstitute,SnowmassColorado.
22Chesshire,J.
(ed.
)(2000).
Fromelectricitysupplytoenergyservices:ProspectsforactiveenergyservicesintheEU,ReportPreparedfortheEuropeanCommission–DirectorateGeneralEnergyandTransport–andUnionoftheElectricityindustry,Brussels.
Availablefrompublic.
eurelectric.
org/Content/Default.
asp.
23Availablefromwww.
chemicalstrategies.
org/csp_manual.
htm.
24Seehttp://www.
blueprint-network.
nset–BlueprintsforanIntegrationofScience,TechnologyandEnvironmentalPolicies,orcontactr.
kemp@merit.
unimaas.
nl.
3ManagingPerformanceOverTime1SeealsoStahel,W.
R.
(1982).
Theproduct-lifefactor,MitchellPrizeCompet-ition,TheWoodlands,Texas.
TheobjectiveofacirculareconomyhasinthemeantimebecomeoneoftheveobjectivesoftheUNMarrakechdeclaration,butcorrespondsto'TheLoopEconomyofMolecules'ofthischapter.
Theskilfulmanagementofexistingassets–acaringattitude–alsocorrespondstotheoriginaldenitionofsustainabilitybyPrussianforesters200yearsago.
2SeeGiarini,O.
(1980).
Dialogueonwealthandwelfare,analternativeviewofworldcapitalformation,AReporttotheClubofRome,PergamonPress,Oxford,ISBN0-08-026088-8.
3Theguresarebasedonthelifecyclecostsoftheauthor'scar,a1969ToyotaCoronaMkII.
4AccordingtoapresscommunicationbyWofgangBernhard,HeadofVWdivisionatVokswagenAGWolfsburg,workersatVWneed50hourstobuildacar,whiletheindustryaverageis25hours.
5SeealsoStahel,W.
R.
andReday-Mulvey,G.
(1976/1981).
Jobsfortomorrow,thepotentialforsubstitutingmanpowerforenergy,ReporttotheCommissionoftheEuropeancommunities,BrusselsandVantagePress,NY.
6Steinhilper,R.
(1998).
Remanufacturing:TheUltimateFormofRecycling,FraunhoferIRBVerlagStuttgart,ISBN3-8167-5216-0.
AlsopublishedinGerman,FrenchandJapanese.
7SeeChapter2fordetails.
8Smith,V.
M.
andKeoleian,G.
A.
(2004).
Thevalueofremanufacturedengines,lifecycleenvironmentalandeconomicperspectives,JournalofIndustrialEcology,8,1–2,193–221.
9Source:Stahel,W.
R.
andReday-Mulvey,G.
(1976/1981).
Jobsfortomorrow,thepotentialforsubstitutingmanpowerforenergy,ReporttotheCommissionoftheEuropeanCommunities,Brussels/NY,VantagePress.
10SuchasinversemanufacturinginJapan.
11SeealsoRobertson,J.
(1978/1983).
TheSaneAlternative:AChoiceofFutures,ISBN0950596213.
12Thisdatacomesfromacasestudyofremanufacturingtheengineofoneoftheauthor'scars.
13Value-per-weightratio,seeChapter1.
14Annualman-hoursdividedbynumberofcarsproducedinamanufacturingplant.
Notes29115Man-hoursofworkperkilogramofresourcesconsumed.
16Seenote2.
17'Slack'isatermcoinedbyBeatriceOttoattheWBCSD.
18Seeamongothers:Shimomura,Y.
,Tanigawa,S.
,Umeda,Y.
,Tomiyama,T.
(1995).
'Developmentofself-maintenancephotocopiers',AmericanAssociationforArticialIntelligence,Winter.
Umeda,Y.
,Tomiyama,T.
,Yoshikawa,H.
,Shimomura,Y.
(1994).
'Usingfunctionalmaintenancetoimprovefaulttolerance',IEEE.
19OECD.
(1982).
ProductDurabilityandProductLifeExtension,Paris,OECD.
20MichaelCohen,DivisionChiefintheWorldBank'sWaterSupplyandUrbanDevelopmentDepartment.
21AcasestudybyDrWillyBierter,TheProduct-LifeInstitute,Geneva,1997.
22Seenote2.
23ObituaryinTheEconomist.
24Moredetailsonwww.
remanufacturing.
org.
25Lund,R.
T.
(1995).
TheAmericanEdge:LeveragingManufacturing'sHiddenAssets,ManufacturingEngineeringDept,BostonUniversity.
26Grey,D.
etal.
(1995).
UntersuchungundBewertungderMglichkeitenzurAbfallvermeidungund-verminderungdurchverbesserteInstandhaltungundModernisierungimMaschinen-undAnlagenbau;AbschlussberichtdesForschungsprojektesdesZEUTZentrumfürEnergie-undUmwelttechnikRostockfürdasBMBFBonn,ProjekttrgerschaftUBABerlin.
Frder-Nr1490881,Juli1995.
Zusammengefasstin:IHschontRessourcen,kologiealsArgumentfürdieInstandsetzung;in:InstandhaltungNov.
1996,S.
22–24,Kennziffer202.
27Seenote5.
28Smith,V.
M.
andKeoleian,G.
A.
(2004).
'Thevalueofremanufacturedengines,life-cycleenvironmentalandeconomicperspectives',JournalofIndustrialEcology,8(1–2),193–222,publishedbyTheMITPress.
29Thefullcasestudyisavailableonthewebsitehttp://product-life.
org.
30Seenote6.
31Foamtoreoatsunkenships,BattelleToday,46,February1986.
32Papanek,V.
(1971).
DesignfortheRealWorld,IncludingLessDevelopedCountries,London,ThamesandHudson.
33Stahel,W.
R.
(1985).
StudyforYEA,theYouthEmploymentAgency,Dublin,bytheProduct-LifeInstitute,Geneva.
34SeealsoVogler,J.
(1981).
WorkfromWaste:RecyclingWastestoCreateEmployment,PublishedbyIntermediateTechnologyPublicationsandOxfam,ISBN0903031795.
35SeealsotheReportbytheRoyalCommissiononEnvironmentalPollution,BiomassasaRenewableEnergySource;enquiries@rcep.
org.
uk,www.
rcep.
org.
uk.
36Rifkin,J.
(2002).
TheHydrogenEconomy,TarcherPutnam,ISBN1-58542-193-6.
37ProductsintoServicesintheEUto2010.
(1999).
AReporttotheEuropeanCommission,Brussels,TheProduct-LifeInstitute,Geneva.
4SustainabilityandthePerformanceEconomy1SeeForewordbyIlyaPrigogineinGiariniandStahel.
(1989/1992).
TheLimitstoCertainty.
292Notes2SeealsoOECDStatisticsBriefNo.
10(2005).
OnMeasuringSustainableDevelopment.
3OECD(2002).
AggregatedEnvironmentalIndices:ReviewofAggregationMethodo-logiesinUse,Paris,OECD.
4Agenda21,Thenaldocumentofthe1992UNconferenceheldinRiodeJaneiro.
5SeetheStatementsandpublicationsoftheFactorTenClubfrom1994to2004.
6OECD(2004).
RecommendationoftheOECDCouncilonMaterialFlowsandResourceProductivity,Paris,OECD.
7'PresidentPutinwantstodevelopEasternSiberiathroughPPP',NeueZuercherZeitung,9January2006,p.
15.
8OECD(2005).
Societyataglance–OECDsocialindicators,Paris,OECD.
9ThesesystemswerepublishedbyTheProduct-LifeInstituteasitsPillarsofSustainability,seehttp://product-life.
org.
10Coomer,J.
C.
(ed.
)(1981).
QuestforaSustainableSociety,Elmsford,NY,PergamonPolicyStudies.
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,52mechanics,157pioneers,51–3,215solutions,239antiqueautomobiles,108,255seealsooldtimercarsdealers,224furniture,190,202299IndexEntriesinboldrefertoexamplesdiscussedinthebookAnsariXPrize,31apartments,95,155,164rentala.
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,13,62nanciala.
,149hiddena.
,292intellectuala.
,12ITa.
,236management,2,12,61,268economy,279innovativea.
,180physicala.
,43,83,179,184–260,278nationala.
,5publica.
,149recovery,234Associaaodasempresasbrasileirademanutenao,90atmosphere,223,277,283attractors,270Austria,29.
60caringindex,255energyfarmers,78,136,160FederalMinistryforAgricultureandForestry,136Herbertscompany,134JohanneumResearch,56Plasser-TheurerGroup,57Rigips,243autarky,84,95–7,251–7AutoholicsAnonymous,53automobiles,9–13,94,64–6,75,80,103antique,vintagea.
,107,254–7,seealsooldtimercarsfuture.
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,228seealsoAmbassador,Jaguar,Jeepneysautomation,128,180automotive,114,131,236,254components,parts,190,204,226–8,235enginesrestoration,186,230FuelCellCooperativeCooperation,74fuels,250paints,36partspackaging,120remanufacturing,228tradition,254AutoroutesduSuddelaFrance,127Autostrade,95Autoteilet,163auxiliaryfunctions,260tunnel,49availability,220,ofaircraft,113futureresources,97,106loans,117newgoods,184spares,185,206steel,17supportservices,191technologicalupgradingoptions,217systemsa.
,147,203unavailability,94,194,205,210–12,220AXA,95awareness,49,145,164,197,260,287axioms,194–5Azar,Jack,118B52bombers,210,226Baarden,31bacillusthuringiensis,seeBt300Indexbadweathercompensationinthesolarindustry,58bakers,269BallardPowerSystems,65,74,112Banaue,27Bastiat,Frédéric,50Battelle,Gordon,244MemorialInstitute,240Bauhütten,209Bayer,140Bednorz,J.
G.
,31,35beginningofpipe,223Beluga,65benchmarks,278–82benetsofapplyingCMSasb.
,133Bertolucci,Mike,xivBerufsgenossenschaften,46BGMicrogen,161bicycles,144,165,229,278Bierter,Willy,xivbigger-better-fastersyndrome,30,107,262BikeOffCompany,165bikesharing,164Binnie,Brian,32bio-diesel,248–50diversity,5,140,283ethanol,249fuels,140,248–50mass,23,145,209,241,248–50physics,43technologies,13–30,41biology,15,16–18,42–4,264blackcurrants,30Bloomberg,Michael,61bloodproteomicstechnology,45Blueprintreport,132,173boats,64,165,239sailingb.
,65,165,278Boeing,89Bolivia,145,149,174bonus,251,174BOO,buildownoperate,3,94,140–2,280inIndia,142bookprintingondemand,118Borazon,11,34–5Borealis,95Bosch,192,216,253–4AutomotiveAftermarketDivision,254BostonUniversity,229BOT,buildoperatetransfer,92–4,140–5Bourquard,Serge,xivBouygues,126Brahma,285Brahmand,285BraskemSA,23Brazil,23–8,122,219,248–50breakdownprevention,108,115,131,206,234breastcancer,25,45bridgetestingvehicle,221,258BritishAirportAuthorities(BAA),126Airways,124EngineeringExcellenceAwards,258Standards,258seealsoUKBrunel,IsambardKingdom,141Brundtland,GroHarlem,271Bt(bacillusthuringiensis),26,28Buddhism,285buildandoperatesafeandcleantoilets,144build-own-operate,seeBOObuildings,12–13,73,94–5,102–15,126–8,156–8,156,171,183,219,225–7,253designedaspowerstations,116inoodplains,82landmarkb.
,209plus-energyb.
,61,278renovatedb.
,204zero-energyb.
,51buildingandoperatingsafeandcleantoilets,144industry,260managers,126built-incontrollingmechanisms,61bulkgoods,8–13,26–8,60materials,12Index301burglaralarms,160burn-inperiod,197businessmodels,197,202,265cradletocradle,87,100,202–8,223,246cradletograve,223cradletonature,223gravetocradle,6,223,241,246newb.
,1–4,41,87–95,101–3,287tobusinessservices(B2B),109–39consumerservices(B2C),153–7governmentservices(B2G),140–52butchers,269buy-backguarantees,232buyingfunctioningsystems/systemfunctioning,99kWhdelivered,280onlyperformanceservices,147performance,xxii,94,146,158,165–70,211–12transportcapacity,280B2B,109–39managementservices,125–39performanceservices,109–24B2C,153–7B2G,140–52CaissedesDépts,95CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,34call-a-bike,164Canada,26,47,51CanadianNavy,149cancertreatments,24–5,38–40payforperformanceapproach,25candlestick-makers,50,269cane-basedethanol,250cannibalising,119,201,210,225–6CanterburyTales,59capabilities,keyc.
,171,183–5,203,279logisticsc.
,120manufacturingc.
,216private-publicc.
,146remanufacturingc.
,208systemsc.
,139technicalc.
,65capacitybuilding,149capitalgoods,18.
170,185,190–3,230intensiveproduction,174marketinstruments,152townwithcleanestair,66cardoorreplacementpanels,221engineremanufacturing,198,230industryasCMSpioneers,134lessinhabitantsofSwisscities,52,60ownership,162–4sharing,53,111,162–72,177windshieldsrepairs,204,263seealsoautomobilescarbon,17,36amorphousc.
coatings,11,38credits,186dioxideemissions,xxiii,67,74,134,230frozenpelletsofc.
(dryice),217bres,32,251low-c.
society,xxiii,86,169,179,273,287nano-tubes(CNT),36,41,83,170trading,276CarGlass,268cargolifter,53cargotram,60CaribbeanCatastropheRiskInsuranceFacility,152caring,86,96,194–7,284index,254–6lackofc.
,262carpet,89,246leasing,127tiles,127carryingcapacityofnature,283cascading,geographicalc.
,226usec.
,154,225cashforclunkers,256cassava,27catalysts,11,22,25,167,254inchemistry,21302Indexcatalyticconverters,35–7,97,102function,222goods,87,102–4,109,114–17,167,171,202,222catastrophes,49,152,221,256,281Caterpillar,61,167,197,216,225,229,251,260,264remanufacturedengines,231–2cathedrals,52,209CCS,127CDC,95cellphonemanufacturers,244cement,33,103,152CentreforRemanufacturingandReuse(CRR),xiv,228,258Centurion(NASA),54ceramicslide-gateserviceforthesteelindustry,117Cerberus,123CERN,76cerealsintobio-ethanol,250certiedaftermarketcrashparts,265CertiedAftermarketPartsAssociation(CAPA),265champions,14,33,46,53,87,117,128,133–55,194,208–15,229–37,244,261changedrivers,76–9,165–70,251–7autarkyasac.
,256competitivenessasc.
,165corporatememoryasc.
,166legalframeworksasc.
,168exploitingscienceasc.
,170environmentalimpactasc.
,77infashion,189marketstructures,178technology,87–9,97,206ChannelTunnel,241chaoticself-regulatingsystems,269–71chargingforplasticbags,52chartercontracts,106Way,123Chaucer,59Chauvin,Yves,21chemical,15,35–40,83combustion,20industry,21–3,46,55,83,134leasing/rental,135,167,222UNIDO'schemicalleasingprogramme,134ManagementServices,25–135,167,254,290manufactures,23,46,53,156pollutants,278processes,71,77reactions,21reactors,13rentalstrategy,135sprays(treatment),82,52StrategiesPartnership,132CHEP,120,217Chernobyl,239,280chestnuttrees/wood,52chewing-gum,40goods,265Chicago,62Skyway,126China,3,26–8,73–5,100,228,251,271circulareconomy,229–30,291,297Chinesevillagedoctors,56NationalDevelopmentandReformCommission,229PPPs,152SOHO,147Choren,250CHPgeneration,112,170Chu,C.
W.
,31Ciba-Geigy,59,138,139,173circulareconomy,6,223,272seealsoloopeconomyCitiInfrastructureInvestors,126Citra,95claimsmanagement,48Clariant,39cleanair,66–8drinkingwatersupplyinBolivia,54,145,282SODIS,54productionprocesses,5waste,242Index303cleaningprocesses,130,205usingfrozenpelletsofcarbondioxide,217servicecompanies,127Clift,Roland,CBE,xivclimatechange,xxiii,58,137,156,228,251,284closedloops,102reusingwaterinclosedloops,247closingtheloops,193CMSbenets,133pioneers,134CNG,66,76–8,236CNT,seeCarbonNanoTubescoatings,15–16,37,243amorphouscarbonc.
,11,38eco-friendlyc.
,134oflong-lifetools,218Coca-Cola,106canrecycling,245Cohen,Michael,206coldzymes,23,77–9,168collectorsofantiques,202combustionengines,13,63,85,198,204,225,248,260combinedheatandpowergeneration,seeCHPgenerationcombustiblewaste,152command-and-control,7,270,284commercialinnovations,115,253–4OrbitalTransportationServices,147ResupplyServicesProgramme,147strategies,202commonalities,187commonalityprinciple,118,205,217CommonGood,49,77–80,145Commons,142abuseoftheC.
,277failureoftheC.
,79globalC.
,277,284CommunicationsandInformationNetworkAssociationofJapan,244Compaq,235competition,265–9,296ofculturalmodels,285competitiveness,51,73,79,87,104,118,172,217,272–87aschangedriver,164corporatec.
,184–5economicc.
,81,183,251factors,100,202globalc.
,209measuringc.
,194nationalc.
,149,184,ofemergingeconomies,174physicalassetmanagement,184regions,9,183service-lifeextension,97,254sustainablec.
,4,81,85withgreatlyreducedthroughput,197complexity,98,108,133,252component,10,29,58,147,184–200buildingc.
,225–7costs,118criticalc.
,111,218design,238exchange,89intelligentc.
,36,83ITc.
,236–7maintenance-freec.
,89nano-c.
,37product-lifeextensionofc.
,204quality,123remanufacturing,61,266remarketing,121,167,216repairc.
,221reuse,61,97,173standardisation,122,183,200–8Airbusindustries,217Xerox,118standardisedc.
,89,101,179supportservices,121systemc.
,58seealsosparescompositematerials,31ComputerServicesCorporation,124conceptoffreegoods,174performance,175performanceeconomy,168304Indexproperty,181,224sellingservicesinsteadofgoods,177sustainability,269–73shareduseofgoods,162conceptionanddesignofgoodsassystemsoffunctionalmodules,204concretedesignedperformancesustainablec.
,33ultra-performingbrec.
,33structures,33,198confrontationmanagement,79,123,173consensusmanagement,132conservingeconomicandsocialvalues,43–4embodiedenergy,179,184materials,184,195naturalcapital,283–6stock,43,179water,55wealth,180,199,261constructedwetlands,55constructionlimitations,79consumers,9,23,52,75–85,94,137,153–65goods,12.
36,93,107,120,153–8,185,217,279PaysPrinciple(CPP),7,174protectionlegislations,266policies,100userrole,7consumptiongoods,87,102–3,114–17container,201,216brassc.
,51cosmeticc.
,23plasticc.
,52,217pooling,120shippingc.
,201standardisedISOc.
,201size,134vessels,201Contender,33continuouscastingprocess,118conveniencefood,103convergenceofscience,18,30,42–4,279convertingapassengerintoacargojumbojet,214existingvehiclestoCNG,66materialsintonishedgoods,196USarmyjeepstojeepneys,233seealsotransformationcookingthefamilymeal,197Cooksongroup,32,109,117coolbluerecoveryprocess,246Coomer,J.
C.
,294Cooper,31cooperatives,46,137,145,163copper,51,213poolofDeutscheTelekom,184,222coredepositfee,232Corinth,MS,231corporateculture,170–1globalcompetitionofc.
,170memory,166strategies,268,284drivers,185DuPont,15integratingtheperformanceeconomyintoc.
,15Rolls-Royce,113Xerox,118SustainableReporting(CSR),268correlation,185–6corrosionprevention,146Cosan,250costscrewc.
,201efciency,47,183iceberg,47,167,174ofoperatingequipmentaccordingtothedegreeofmaintenance,207riskandliability,4,81,90lossprevention,47production,19waste,91transactionc.
,187–8,201,220–5,237Index305CO2emissions,59,67,78,228,251,258,261,276prevention,213,266reductions,117,134,137–8,183,186courts,66–8,161,265CPP,seeConsumerPaysPrinciplecradletocradle,87,202,209,215,223,247cradletograve,223cradletonature,223craftsmen,46,183,196,227crazyducks,239creatingconfusion,270dynamicresearchenvironments,76goodwill,192incentivesforinnovation,204,264productreuseandremanufacturing,261innovativecomponents,205jobsathome,2,6,183levelplayingelds,173markets,229opportunitiesforcompanies,169skilledjobs,6themissingsupport,259tools,258universitycurricula,263wealthandjobs,251wealthfromknowledge,15,85creativity,7,76,80,229,240,270,284creditcrises,209CreditSuisseFirstBoston,125crewcostreductions,201criteria,availabilityandreliabilityc.
,207holdingcompany,127politicalc.
,140qualitativec.
,282uniedc.
,75criticalbattlecomponents,209criticality,47–8Cross-CitytunnelSydney,150cross-crewqualication,201CSC,124cubeoftoleranceforsustainablesolutions,281culturalaspects,150differences,20,257,286ecology,284factors,281–6heritage,256innovations,251,253–4models,285services,159culture,283corporatec.
,170linkbetweenperformance,c.
andsustainability,283–8curtainwalls,219customersatisfaction,xxii,48,89–96,100,118,126,166,185,217,280seealsosellingcustomersatisfactioncustom-madeferrouids,38Jeepneys,238replacementcovers,235CzechRepublic,26Daimler,60,74,124,217seealsoMercedesdaring,8,76–7datavaults,239DBVorschlagswesen,261DC3,Dakota,239D-checkofaircraft,214D-Day,239deathofasalesman,263Debis,124decentralisation,83,270decoupling,economicandemploymentgrowthfromenergyconsumption,138indicators,4,273–5wealthfromresourceconsumption,180deLesseps,Ferdinand,141Delhi,xiv,66,78,124,152demand-drivenperformanceselling,167Dell,235306Indexdematerialisingtheindustrialeconomyten-fold,277democracy,269–71,284directd.
,71depolymerisation,242depositschemes,189,232depreciation,166,182costs,101periods,34,122,185scald.
,185value,203design,143,191,207,214,252,260avoidingduplicationind.
,200eco-d.
,5,103equipmentd.
,157forupgradability,187–9,121forEnvironment,103,118,171,232,252improvedperformance,89–100plannedobsolescence,262recycling,189remanufacturing,183,204re-use,183–9,204sustainability,63,116therealworld,240ICE1Redesign,213life,101modularproduct/systemd.
,87,101,191–3,204ofcarsforshareduse,108,162goodsassystemsoffunctionalmodules,204industrialplants,47–8ofsustainablesolutions,288priorities,231productd.
,121,235,253O&Mfriendlyd.
,113,128shipd.
,44,201systemd.
,64,115,120tyred.
,123,129,187,238designedperformancesustainableconcrete,33designermolecules,24ferrouids,38materials,34–9designedperformancesustainableconcrete,23DestiNYUSA,116destructiveabuseofgoods,205non-destructivetesting,204–5DeutscheTelekom,222Diabetes,44DIBDachorganisationfürIdeenmanagement,261differencesbetweentheLakeandtheLoopEconomy,189directdemocracydrivingprogress,70disarmament,209disassemblyofcomplextechnicalsystems,196,218formaintenance,253goods,155,231disasterrecovery,48discardedelectronicgoods,173,240goods,187,216,223–9,234–40disciplines,scienticd.
,13,24,42,279–82discontinuedproductionofspareparts,262disposablebatteries,242,263dialysers,215goods,76,264medicaldevices,172plasticbags,52bottles,54tubing,197disposalcosts,22,92,99,266dissipativegoods,102–3,117,171,202systems,242,264useofmaterials,97,111,243dissolutionofarmedforces,209distributionofworldresourceconsumptionbyincomegroups,275Diversa,11,22diversication,54,270DNA,18,42do-ityourself,165Index307doingitthersttime,167learningbyd.
,97,251,266thingsright,5–7,287therightthings,5–7,161,287doublechangeofownership,222DowChemical,129,167,222dowry,181,203overpatrimony,224Dresden,60Drivers,changed.
,76,165,251,282ofinnovation,136FunctionalServiceEconomy,96PerformanceEconomy,1,178technologicalinnovation,202tokeepexistingwealthshipshape,209touncouplerevenuefromresourcethroughput,8drought-tolerantplants,27dryice,217DSM,40DubaiAerospaceEnterprise,113DuPontdeNemours,xiv,14–16,22,46,129,134durabilityandqualityofconsumergoods,279durablegoods,5,12,36,87,100–9,163,171,180–90,203–8,225Dutchrailways,162trein-taxi,162sailclothcompany,33dynamicmodelsofsustainability,286–7self-regulatingsystems,269–71EADSSpaceServices,147EastmanKodak,101,154,166,185,227EAWAG,54EbaraBallardCorp,65,112e-bay,154,192,227e-books,110eco-design,5,103energyservices,136EnergieEtoy,250friendlycoatingprocess,134,labels,270E.
coli,51ecology,115,270culturale.
,284–5industriale.
,242,251,287sociale.
,284ecologism,270Eco-MoFoundation,169economiccompetitiveness,81,183,251,287conscation,262feasibility,193,228,231,251,280focus,93,181growth,1,3,12,18,85,257,272,281incentives,2,90,90–3,175,178,270misjudgement,261policy,265power,41,81,165,173qualitydilemmaofmanufacturing,279regionalisation,83,257,262thinkingshifts,5value,43,195,224,267achievedperunitofresourceconsumed,84centralnotionofe.
,1,96,99,203,224economyagriculturale.
,29bartere.
,284circulare.
,6,223,229,272,297emerginge.
,3,26,174,194,238,278,287functionalservicee.
,seefunctionalserviceeconomyhydrogene.
,72,84,106,292industriale.
,seeindustrialeconomyinformale.
,192knowledgee.
,12–18,43,77–9,180,201–22lakee.
,seelakeeconomyloope.
,seeloopeconomylow-carbone.
,xxiii,179,273markete.
,6,81–2,143,169,208,269,280308Indexofscale,13,62,98,180,184,200,227,261performancee.
,seeperformanceeconomyplannede.
,80,257regionale.
,39,84,186,235,281–2rentale.
,279resource-efciente.
,86rivere.
,2,204sellingperformance,61servicee.
,97,219,252,288stoneagee.
,10–12subsistencee.
,275Edison,Thomas,8EDS,63,124EdwardsVacuum,191education,5,7,12,44,76,98,165,181,264,284systems,279educationalsupport,263EEG–ErneuerbareEnergienGesetz(Germany),68e-elders,234,237e-factor,93,290efciency,12,34,80,88,109,153,189–95,273cost/economice.
,47,183,224,227energye.
,16,20,64–6,77,115long-terme.
,107,143medicale.
,24,45nitrogen-usee.
,27resourcee.
,6,88,108,243ResourceEfciencyIndex,268,283sociale.
,265systeme.
,58,128,157,203drivenperformanceservices,117Eiffage,142Eiffeltower,191Einstein,Alfred,270electricmotors,17,64,72,109,190power,80,219utilities,78,106,247electricitygenerators,209Electrolux,157electronicDataSystems(EDS),63,124paper,e-paper,32,35,107,110elevators,17,61,80,278upgradingkits,217Elis,131ElSalvador,152embodiedenergy,xxiii,179,183–4,213,257emergenceofthesameidea,259,271emergingeconomies,3,26,174,194,238,271–87emissionstrading,184emotionalfactors,93,107employment,34,137–8,160,183fullandmeaningfule.
,284end-of-leaseequipment,234mainframes,235end-of-life,93,103,201,241–7activity,228behaviour,6batteries,34equipment,234goods,118,178,187–94,200liability,111phase,41,88recoveryandrecyclingcosts,246terminology,228vehicles,173,251endofpipe,203,223energy,32,87,103,179,182–6,228–30,241–51,267–8autarky,97bio-e.
,249consumption,15–16,23,53,79,108,129,195,281cost,79,130zero-energy-costhouses,51,53–9,156debate,xxiiiefciency,xxiii,16,20,64,115–16,121,231,250embodiede.
,xxiii,97,194–5,213,281farmers,78,136,160feed-inlaw,68,106generation(smallscale),112GlobePrize,54greye.
,seealsoembodiede.
,195hydro-e.
,seehydroelectricityinputs(low),20,51,194Index309energy–continuedintensive,15ManagementServices,94,110–12,135–8,160misergoods,121performance,129perweightratio,34plus-e.
buildings,xxiii,116,278policies,258prices,97,194,256,production/supply,84,104,115,248recovery,188renewablee.
,241resource(cheapest),97,244,261savingcontracting,115savings,22,34,161,194,230sector,114self-sufcientbuildings,116ServiceCompanies(ESCO),137solare.
,34,54,71–2,112wastage,156winde.
,65,68,112enginecombustione.
,63,198,204,248remanufacturingof,13,85,226,260oil,102,114,152,171long-lifesynthetico.
,114engineeringservices,99entrepreneurs,1,7,58,61,68,80,87,141,226,239,259entropy,242,270environmentalimpactasfacilitator,77IndustriesOfceJapan,177ProtectionAgency,US,176environmentallybenignmanufacturing,260conscious,55protablewayoflife,49responsibleremanufacturedgoods,238sound,140Envirowise,228Enz,Charles,xivenzymes,9,11,20–4,40,77–9,249coldzymes,23,78,168e-paper,32–5,107–10equipment,ofcee.
,235Erbitux,25ETHZurich,54FederalLaboratoriesforMaterialsandTesting(EMPA),34EuropeanAeronauticDefenceandSpaceCompany(EADS),146AssociationofPredictive,PreventiveandPersonalisedMedicine,44attitudeofriskaversion,286cathedrals,52,209Commission,Brussels,Blueprintreport,173coalandsteelindustry,180CouncilforanEnergyEfcientEconomy,116CourtofJustice,68CropProtectionAssociation,168EnvironmentAgency,169globalpositioningsystem,94HydrogenandFuelCellTechnologyPlatform,151FederationofNationalMaintenanceSocieties,219GeostationaryNavigationOverlayService(EGNOS),151Parliament,71easesroadforhydrogencars,75PartnersfortheEnvironment,33SpaceAgency,151Union,26,28,146,160,257,265,270biofuelstrategy,257billofrightsforairpassengers,169directiveonEnergyPerformanceofBuildings,112GalileoSatellitePPPproject,151HerculesProject,150IntegratedProductPolicy(IPP),247marketforproductsasservices,259REACH,133,168Eutectic-Castolin,219EWZ,138310Indexexcessivewear,115exchangevalue,85,96,181,203,224exploitingexistingwealth,180science,1,6,14–16,170,278scienticandtechnologicalprogress16–42aschangedriver,170seealsoscienceextendedknow-how,208extendedperformanceliability,14responsibility,EPeR,2,6,14,41,86–102,171,184–91,273,289promotingEPeR,280extensionoftheservice-lifeofgoods,97,182–262facilitymanagement,89,94–103,125–173,218factorimpactsofservice-lifeextensionactivities,182inputsnecessary181,198–201forremanufacturingcomponents,200toremanufactureacarengine,198FactorTen,121,174,276,284Club,xxiiiFactorTime,6,86–101,169,202,243–5,266–71incentivesforintegratingF.
,92–5factorsofcompetitivity,100,202failureofthecommons,79FaireldResidentialLLC,159Falcon,113farmers,26–9,69,78,136–40,160–74,257seealsoenergyfarmersfashion,93,107–8,153,193,279goods,154swaps,192,227ugrades,235fastreplacementofgoods,181fatiguemodesofwearversusfatigue,259fault-ndingdiagnoses,205tolerant,70,205Favre,André,77,141–2Fe2O3tracerfordrugdelivery,11,25fear,46,77,128,189,229,236,254feasibility,126,252economicf.
,193,228–33,250technicalf.
,260FederalLaboratoriesforMaterialsandTesting(EMPA),34FedEx,60feeperkilometredriven,122seealsopay-per-milefeedintariffsforrenewableenergies(Germanlaw),68–9,75–9,106ferrouids,magnetic,25,38Ferrovial,126Feynmann,Richard,35FFP,95Fiat,137,161ghtingerosion,55lters,42,56,103nancialbubble,269services,95,123re,49,160,226brigade,104,160,228disasters,49ghters'promotion,57losses,262FirstSolarofPhoenix,246,254–6scaldepreciation,185eamarkets,192,227,240FlectionInternational,236eet,xxii,93,254managers,xxii,62,90–106,114–30,146,171–7,184–95,202,208–20,257–63,279innovativef.
,216ofgoods,56,67,74–8,113,121–3,164,190,203,210–12,255operators,xxii,122exiblefuelvehicles(FFV),248exibility,93–6,123,130,160–3,215–17inmaintenance,217Index311Flixborough,46–7ows,high-volumef.
,277materialf.
,xxii,11,278,288toxicf.
,278y-by-the-hour,114yingwing,544TimesSquare,115focusonfunctionofproducts,177utilisation,183food,16,22–36,59–61,87,103,189,179,228,248poisoning,51FordMotorCo,75foreseeablepolitics,269Forestry,28,145,269Fossett,Steve,31Foster,Norman,143FoundationsBattelleMemorial,290,294BillandMelindaGates,27Eco-Mo,169GoldenLeaf,257NatonalScience,Japan,260frameworks,accountingf.
,278conditions,76–80,87,100,158,264,281–2differencesinf.
,100radicalchangesinf.
,66–75France,21,32,49,62,95,108,127–31,143,149,166,206,236–9leviaductdeMillau,142franchisingnetworks,129–31,216FranciscoMotors,233FraunhoferInstitute,34freemarketsafetynets,81,169,265FreePackNet,120Freitag,239FreseniusMedicalCare,215fromcarownershiptofunctionalservices,162consumptiontoutilisation,202–6rentingreusablewiperstoleasingbusinessattire,130sellingtobuyingperformance,xxiifrozenpelletsofcarbondioxide,217fuelcells,18,23–3,40,74,106,109,114microf.
,33,112residentialf.
,65Fuji,103,154,185,227FukuokaStrategyConferenceforHydrogenEnergy,74fullchemicallife-cyclecosts,132full-service,127concept,130partnershipagreement,128fullpicture,198fullerenes,36,40functionalServiceEconomy,Chapter2,xxii,1–4,14,35,41,51,77–81,202,212–17,262fromtheServiceEconomytothef.
,99services,162–4functions,auxiliary,260fundmanagers,282FurukawaElectricCo,247fuzzylogic,282GalileoSatellitePPPprojet,151Ganesh,285Gang,Wan,73–5garagesales,192,227Gautam,AshokK.
,xivGDP,279weightofproductsasservices,259remanufacturingservices,259gearboxremanufacturing,219–20,233GENEART,21GeneralElectric,93,117,216,233GECapital,117,235GECAS,122GEMS,193,233GEWind,69SixSigma,48,175GeneralInsuranceAssociationofJapan,206Motors,75,124,129,133312Indexgeneratinghydrogenfrombreadwaste,248generatorbrushes,247genericperformancemanagementservices,158–64strategies,171Geneva,xiv,52,57,60,76,176,201,240,221GenevaAssociation,The,xv,xxiiiGermanAutomobileAssociation(ADAC),255DemocraticRepublic(GDR),243MinistryofStatistics,170TechnicalCooperationAgency(GTZ),152Germany,EEG–ErneuerbareEnergienGesetz,68subsidizedactivitieswithanegativeimpact,278GHGemissions,xxiii,169Giarini,Orio,ii,xivGiuntini,Ron,xivGlivec,25globalcommons,277,284competitionofcorporateculture,170legalsystems,172nancing,234services,124markets,28,100,180positioningsystems(GPS),94,139,151,185globalisation,3,8,276GMO,21–9,82,138,174GNP,3,5,85Godplayswithdice,270gold,97,243fromasewagetreatmentplant,246,264GoldenGateBridge,208GoldenLEAFFoundation,257Golubnitschaja,Olga,xiv,44,289,294Gomringer,Eugen,iigoodsbulkg.
,8–13,26–9,60catalyticg.
,87,102–4,109,114,167–71,222chewing-gumg.
,265consumptiong.
,87,102–3,114,117,171dissipativeg.
,102–3,117,171durableg.
,5,12–13,36,87,100–9,163–81,189,202–8,225immobile,104,171mobile,190,112,171,203,253end-of-lifeg.
,178,187freeg.
,174mass-producedg.
,73,183,194,228second-handg.
,205smartg.
,1,9–13,26seealsoproductsGotland,157Gotthardmotorway,48–9,70–1railwaytunnel,76,141–2governmentpoliciestofosterinnovation,265GPSnetwork,94,151,139GrammerAG,235grave-to-cradle,6,223,232,241,246gravel,9–10,103GreatBritain,239seealsoUKgreenAlliance,136carpetlease,127DiamondCompany,238procurement,85servicizingBusinessCompetition,131,144,172–7concept,164growthinservices,98Grubbs,Robert,21GTZprojectinElSalvador,152guaranteedaccesstoresourcesandmaterials,96–7futuresuppleofresources,95guaranteeingbuy-back,232costs,96,141Index313guaranteeing–continuedcustomersatisfaction,100fairpricingofinnovationrisks,81function,58,89,99futuresupplyofresources,95–7internalisationofnegativeoutcome,169mobility,123money-back,25performance,58,101,113,254reliability,69,266technicalupgrading,122handbagbyFreitag,239rentals,154Handeckpowerstation,209handheldcomputers,62Handwerkskammern,46Harrison,Mike,xivHarvardBusinessSchool,118,290Hawken,Paul,95,176hazardreduction,149health,5,41,284–5care,44insurance,119Chinesevillagedoctors,56costs,8,24–5for-allprogrammes,98hazards,29,35MaintenanceOrganisations(HMO),99services,159,173heartcatheters,119heavyequipment,195–7helicopters,18,147fortheCanadianNavy,149helpussavetheenvironment,37,59,278Herberts,Austria,134herbicides,22,52,139invineyards,55Herceptin,25heritageindustrialh.
,228,256nationalh.
,153,202,253,284satellitetechnology,101worldculturalh.
,27HerkulesPPPproject,147,150Hersch,Jeanne,160HeuliezWill,64Hewlett-Packard,116,167,195hiddensubsidies,261highqualitymedicalequipment,234speedtrains,58Germany,63,194,213Japan,213Taiwan,142start-upcosts,174Himalayas,244Hinduism,285HindustanMotors,233HiroshimaUniversity,248Hitachi,Ltd,33,112ToolEngineeringLtd,218HMO,seeHealthMaintenanceOrganisationsHoffmann,Margarethe,xivHokurikurailway,164HolcimprojectinElSalvador,152Holliday,C.
O.
,5,295home-usefuelcellcogeneration,112HondaCompany,65,75,229Honda,Soichiro,229HongKong,111hospitals,83,119,128,130,137,149,168,197,234,263,542cantonalh.
Liestal,215hotels,59,92–4,105–6,127–31,159houses,seebuildingshusbandryofresources,206hybridriceinthePhilippines,26–7hydroelectricpowerstations,208–9Handeck,209hydroelectricity,10hydrocarbons,67non-methane,230hydrogen,72,248–51cars,73–5economy,72,83,106EUFuelCellandH.
Initiative,74EuropeanH.
andFuelCellTechnologyPlatform,159FirstUScrossingforh.
cars,73eets,75frombreadwaste,248314Indexfuelcellcars,32,72–3systems,116yachts,72hybridh.
powerstation,75liquidh.
refuellingstations,73research,74,151society,60,71,78submarine,72supplynetwork,72–3townproject,74IBM,31,42,124,151,165–6Globalassetrecoveryprogramme,234Financing,234Services,124Japan,237ICE1,204redesign(remanufacturing),186,194,208,213ICE4,63icebergs,21,47–9,281costi.
,47–9,167,174–5icecreamstalls,solarpowered,61ICM,seeIntegratedCropManagementigloos,51ignorance,188ILFC,122Illinois,265imposingtechnologicalupgradeguarantees,122improvedgovernance,149improvementproposalsystems,260–1incentives,7,154economici.
forlossandwasteprevention,90–3,176–8scali.
,173forefciency,143EPeR,287innovation,204,264innovativecomponents,205integratingtheFactorTime,86,92internalisingcostofriskandwaste,2jobsathome,2,6,183levelplayingelds,173productreuseandremanufacturing,261producttake-back,232reducingrisksandliabilities,169self-regulation,270systemsolutions,56technicalupgrading,66manufacturersi.
,87missingi.
,75monetaryi.
,197,149reversedi.
,6,56Incheonbridge,143incidentreportingsystems,46–7,254independentremanufacturers,103,185,192independentrepairworkshops,219–20indexofcaring,255India,xiv,3,26–8,51–3,66–75,124,150–3,166,271Ambassadorcars,233CNGDelhi,66IndianConstitution,66JaypeeGroup,142SupremeCourtofIndia,66IndianaTollRoad,126indicatorscompositei.
,275decouplingi.
,273sustainabilityi.
,276ofsustainabledevelopment,272sociali.
,281indoorecology,115industrialdesignforcomponentreuseandremanufacturing,204ecology,342,251economy,12,43,89,90–100,255–6,261–6,277–9,287loopsofmaterialsandmolecules,241plantfacilitymanagement,94,128,218revolution,2,19–20,97–9,196,205,223,275inertiaprinciple,195Index315in-ightmonitoring,113,185informaleconomy,192infrastructurefunds,125needs,152in-houseremanufacturingcapabilities,208,260reprocessingofmedicaldevices,119innovationasachaoticself-regulatingsystem,271champions,209drivenbyknowledgemanagement,46bypeerpressure,46commerciali.
,253culturali.
,254pioneers,212organisationali.
,205innovativeassetmanagement,180legislation,68remanufacturingprocessesforcomponentsandgoods,205innovators,1,9,66,208,215,221,229,235,260inns,59,159in-orbitanomalyreportingsystem,47in-situmillingofwornrails,197insourcingjobs,179instrumentsforqualitymonitoring,205tomeasureeconomicactivities,259insulators,243,247insurability,81,169,280asnaturalborder-linebetweenStateandprivatesector,81–2,169ofrisks,81–2,280limitstoi.
,81insurance,14,25,43,262asenableroftechnologicalprogress,81aspreconditionforinvestments,99,104AXA,96badweathercompensation,58CaribbeanCatastropheRiskInsuranceFacility,152contracts,107,262cover,83,100,147craftsmen'scompensationi.
,46forend-of-lifeproducts,246–7freei.
,169functions,98GeneralInsuranceAssociationofJapan,206health-carei.
,119InternationalSpaceI.
Conference,165liabilityi.
,83,147MotorinsurancerepaircentreThatcham,221NationalConferenceofInsuranceLegislators(NCIL),205premiums,46,101SompoJapanInsuranceCompany,58StateFarmInsuranceCo,265SwissReinsuranceCompany,152IntegratedCropManagement,138,140IntegratedProductPolicy(IPP),247integratingthePerformanceEconomyintocorporatestrategy,15IntellectualPropertyRights,40,205intelligentlighting,65intensityofutilisation,58interdisciplinary,13,42,264,283solutions,282InterfaceCorporation,89,242,246cleanseparation,246coolbluerecoveryprocess,246greencarpetlease,127ReEntry2.
0,246intermodaladvantages,201internalisationofanegativeoutcome,169allcosts,86costsofrisksandliabilities,4,14,81,91,175–6costsofriskandwaste,90–2socialandenvironmentalcosts,281InternationalCouncilofChemicalAssociations,132316IndexSpaceStation,147SpaceUniversity,166StandardisationOrganisation(ISO),201Internet,18,30,60,108,154–8,208,213intersectoralsolutions,282in-usemonitoring,183invisiblehandofAdamSmith,269themarket,77,224newopportunities,252products(nano),14,37resultsofservices,196iridium,97IronandSteelindustry,17,99IroquoisConfederation,285–6ISAAA,26–8ISS,127Italy,49,60,67,70,05,129,206ITassets,236offshoring,123outsourcing,77,106,119,123ResellersAssociation,236specialists,237JaguarXJ6,233engineremanufacturing,62,198Japan,cellphonemanufacturers,244CommunicationandInformationNetworkofJ.
,244e-elder,234,237GasAssociation,67METI,73,131,144,172,177NationalInstituteofAgrobiologicalSciences,248NewEnergyandIndustrialDevelopmentOrganisation,250TelecomCarriersAssociation,244WorldexhibitionAichi,52,112JaypeeGroup,142JCDecaux,145,164–5Jeepneys,162,233jewellery,153–4,226,240jobcreation,101–4,171,183–6,192–8,265,273–9intheLakeandLoopeconomy,Chapter3jobs,230intheLakeandLoopeconomy,179–80intheregionswherethegoodsareused,13JohnDeere,140jointownershipofproducts,177seealsosharingstrikeghter,185TechnologyInitiative(JIT),74,152Jones,StuartA,xivJuliusSchulteShne,247junctionsbetweenaLoopandalineareconomy,103JunkersJu52,212just-in-time,256Kalenborg,242keepingtheB52bombereetintheair,210upwiththeJones's,263Kenya,256keybusinessstrategiesoftheFunctionalServiceEconomy,102–3oftheLoopEconomy,192keycapabilities,171inshiftingfromtheIndustrialtoaPerformanceEconomy,Chapter3,181–3,279oftheFunctionalServiceEconomy,101–4,171specicforeachproductgroup,171keydimensionsofthesustainabilitytriangle,272Kindergartentoysleasing,144Kindle2,110Kiss,Denis,xivkitchenappliances,120,seealsowhitegoodskites,65Kletz,John,46,129Index317knowledgebasedsolutions,51,101creatingwealthfromk.
,15economy,12–18,43,77–9,180management,47KODADevelopment,143KodakBrownie,166Korea,seeSouthKoreaKoreanAir,214KozminskyUniversity,xivKuettelwesch,Rudolf,xivKyoceraCorp,58KyotoProtocol,185–6,266labelseco-l,270labellingtherenewableresourcecontent,266systems,168Laboratoirecentraldespontsetchaussées,34L.
A.
C.
laboratory,xiv,38labour-inputperweightratio,Chapter3,4,181,273labour-intensivelocallyintegratedworkunits,189productionprocesses,17labourproductivity,199–200labs-on-a-chipinchemistry,39–40LaCaixa,127lackofhonestinformation,168markets,205ladies'handbagrentals,154lakeeconomy,2,93,18–93,201–22eetmanagersofthel.
,208–22ofgoods,201–22infrastructuresanddurables,206–8molecules,222LakeGenevaandotherSwissl,,209Mjosa,211Victoria,28,211landmarks,205land-usepatterns,283Lane-CoveTunnelSydney,150large-scaleagriculture,138capital-intensiveproductionunits,189launchcompany(satellites),101serviceprogrammes,147laundromats,108,156,163laundryservices,165seealsotextileleasinglaziness,165isdoublygreen,55LCA,xxiii,195,230,258,278seealsolifecycleanalysisLDC,lessdevelopedcountries,seeemergingeconomieslearningbydoing,97,251–2,266leasesgreencarpetl.
,127wetl.
,78,105–6leasingofbusinessattire,130chemicals,134,167,222,seealsorent-a-moleculecontainerisedcombustionunits,160materials,32nanciall.
,89textilel.
,92,94,99,129–31,165–8wetl.
,78,105–6seealsooperationalleasingLEDlighting,40,65legacysystems,7,173legalframeworksaschangedriver,168systemsinaglobalcompetition,172legislation,69,82,16,217,251–81biofuelcontent,248take-backofgoods,232focusedonwasteinsteadofeconomics,251–6TRI,222legislators,37,82,173,185LehrstuhlfürumweltgerechteProduktionstechnik,264Leitztoolmanufacturer,218Lesseps,Ferdinandde,141318Indexliabilitycompensation,203,261costsforutilisationandwasteindifferentbusinessmodels,92internalisedl.
,175–8,215,273ofnanotech,41punitivenanciall.
,124–5thirdpartyl.
,147,151,262–7liberalprofessions,98lifecycleanalysis(LCA),xxiii,195,256assessment,230ofremanufacturingautomotiveengines,231costs,132,146,183–7,205forgoodsinthelakeeconomy,182ofoperationacarover50years,181–2engineers,263,289inputsandlosses,51liability,14,86,177management,87,134multiplel.
,109,232optimisation,126performanceresponsibility,2–7,41,81–8,287lifesciences,13,18–30,43–4,103,171,250,286stockcarrier,215time,remaining,221lightandtrustservice,117,172lighthouses,43–4lighting,50,97,116–17,137,144function,172intelligentl.
,65seealsoLEDlightlesstilling,52lightweightaircraft,30,40,54spacecraft,30like-newperformance,230–1seealsoasgoodasnewlimitingenvironmentaldamage,233,265factorsintheLakeandtheLoopEconomy,159toxicity,284Linde,78linkbetweenperformance,cultureandsustainability,283–7Lipizzaner,107Liverpool,59livingwithuncertainty,16localresources,186,194Lockheed,185,217LockheedMartin,101logistics,120,120–31chains,110networks,257PerformanceBasedL.
,xxiii,87,94,123,146–58,212reversel.
,60,101–3,154–8,171,243–6take-backl.
,187,231,247LOHAS,LifestyleofHealthandSustainability,164,227,285London,iv,7,32,125,162–4,227,253longesttunnelintheworld,71long-lifecustomerrelationship,96engineoil,114goods,95,101,115,202–8,262–4maintenance-freecomponents,89ofcechairs,235tools,218long-term,14,89,97,126customerrelationship,96economicoptimisation,126efciency,107,143experience,131investment,104operatingcosts,44,48,219performancecontracts,156,247serviceagreements,93,95,114,136,146upgradingguarantees,122loopeconomy,6,10,32,83,89,95,99–102,118,166,192–201,222–50ofgoods,225–40ofmolecules,241–50seealsocirculareconomyIndex319loops,closedl.
,economy,102strategy,265systems,154,214,247havenobeginningandnoend,195ofmaterialsandmoleculesinindustry,241responsibility,101,171viciousl.
,7,92,270virtuousl.
,6,50–7,61,79,182,267,270–3solarcoolinglorries,61lossminimisation,82prevention,12,76,82–8,90–2,121,176,206,273–9inspace,47–9interestinl.
,174lotuseffect,37Lovins,AmoryB.
,137,156low-carboneconomy,xxiii,179,273andresourcemisersociety,287Lufthansa,224–5,251Technik,112,121,214Lugano,28Lund,RobertT.
,229,292Lüthy,Peter,28machinetools,107,235Madagascar,138,173,226MaebaruCity,74Maffei,63magneticferrouids,25,38eld,31resonanceimaging,45magnets,permanent,32,109makeandmend,228maintainingperformanceovertime,186–200maintenance,102,108–30activityvolatility,95,111,264andfacilitymanagementofindustrialplants,117,218andrepairservicesworldwide,xxiii,198asadevelopmentpriority,206cost,99,127optimisation,149perhourofuse,121reduction,38,113,129,219differentdegreesofm.
,207easeofm.
,253efciency,designfor,122engineers,111,206engineering,269freegoods,85–9guarantees,198husbandryofresourcesthroughm.
,206inappropriatem.
,55intensity,207industrialplantsm.
,129labourinputinm.
,182lossandwastepreventionthroughm.
,279obstacles,253,262ofageinginfrastructure,8complexsystems,210–11rollingstock,57textiles,130optimisation,113–15,217–18periodicm.
,119,210plannedm.
,207preventivem.
,114,185,207properm.
,279records,111services,143,166schedules,207self-m.
,265specialists,218standards,217workers,50,55,260–1,280workshops,261zero-m.
components,205seealsooperationandmaintenancemammography,45managementofphysicalassets,195,201,218,259ofwaste,99services,Chapter2,94–5,107,112,125–38,158–74managingowncopperpools,184,222320Indexperformanceovertime,Chapter3creatingjobsathome,183increasingcorporateandnationalcompetitiveness,184–6man-hoursperkg(metric),4,267manpowerasarenewableresource,4,Chapter3,182input,183,220substitutingmanpowerforenergy,ii,291non-renewableresources,267manufacturersasinnovativeeetmanagers,216manufacturing,2–11,279marinedieselengines,106,218MarineMiningCo,244marketdevelopmentforadurablegoodoveritslifetime,190drivensolutions,167,176,232,265economyasdynamicself-regulatingsystem,269globalm.
,28,100,180inherentobstacles,173–4volatility,95marketing,12,41,54approaches,187,192focus,96functions,98remarketingofusedequipment,167,185–204,222,236Marrakeshdeclaration,271masseducation,98mass-producedgoods,73,183,228materialows,11,278,288hybridm.
,226sciences,13,18–24,30,76,102171,252activateddiffusionbonding,209amorphouscarboncoatings,38MatsushitaElectricIndustrialCompany,112,117maximisingsystemavailability,146,203wealthandjobcreation,12,265–73,251MazdaMotorCorp,134McClean,144McLean,MalcolmPurcell,201measuringthequalityandremainingutilisationvalueofcomponents,259medicaldevicesreprocessing,119diagnostics,43–4medievalcathedrals,309medium-scalesolarpowersystems,58Meissnereffect,31Melville,Mike,32memorydevices,13,35,39Mercedes-Benz,60,74–5,217,248CharterWay,123Merck-Serono,11,24metallicglass,34METI,73,131,144,172,177seealsoJapanmetrics,62,267industrialeconomym.
,62,194,201ofmanagingperformanceovertime,267producingperformance,84sellingperformance,176performanceeconomym.
,1–5,84–5,176–87,199,266–8,273,282sustainabilitym.
,273,278MEWAgroup,130Meyer-Mayor,11,33Michelin,activewheel,32,64,109contractwiththeUSArmedForces,148eetsolutions,xxii,122microbes,247microscopes,247microchips,226,240cogenerationunits,65CHPgeneration,170economics,49,97,282fuelcells,33,109,112gravityightservices,147Index321micro–continuedorganisms,77powergeneration,161reactors(nanostructured),39–40,83satellitebusiness,42Microgen,161Microsoft,167,206,237,289militaryforticationsasdatavaults,239Millauviaduct,142,149Miller,Arthur,263MinistryofDefence,UK,146–8MinistryofStatistics,Germany,170MIPS,12,288mips,39mission-readymanagementsolutions,114missingincentives,75forproductreuseandremanufacturing,261–3links,253monitoringtools,258support,259tools,258universitycurriculaandeducationalsupport,263Mitsubishi,121Mitsui&Co,249MobilOil'sMDS(DiagnosticCentres),114MobilOnesyntheticengineoil,114mobiledurablegoods,102–4,227,253hydrogenunits,73lifestyle,155non-destructivetestingequipment,204phones,30–3,60,93,153,216manufacturers,111railgrindingunits,142repairactivities,188centres,210workshops,191,209remanufacturingunits,252spare-lessrepairunits,210services,188,units,197,279,workshops,122,191,264mobility,accesstom.
,180,279benchmark,278guarantee,123individualm.
,142performance,158sustainablem.
,279Switzerland,163models,businessm.
,1–15culturaln.
,285dynamicm.
,286staticm.
,269–71,286modulardesign,87,101Moesner,Felix,xivmolecules,rent-a-m.
,87–8,109,222theLakeEconomyofm.
,222theLoopEconomyofm.
,99,118,241reuse,128,184,194,242–5MonacoYachtShow,65monitoringtools,258monopolyrent,209Monsanto,28MontBlancroadtunnel,49more-from-less,172,272moreintensiveuseofgoods,138,187more-is-better,173motivationovertime,197mothballingsurplusnavalvessels,211MotorDiagnosticService,114–15MotorinsurancerepaircentreThatcham,221motorways,48,70,94,104,125–7,141–8,264MottMacDonaldGroup,141Müller,K.
A.
,31,35multifunctionalefciency,157goods,202multiplicators,179,198Munich,67,125,219Murphy'sLaw,47musicalinstruments,190322Indexmutkas,51Myanmar,67Naganoprefecture,246Nagoya,52nanoparticlesastracers,25polishing,76sciences,31,35,41,286structuredmicro-reactors,39–40,83technologies,13,35applicationsofn.
,37liabilitiesofn.
,41Napoleon,271NASA,141,147buyingservicesinsteadofhardware,xxii,147,165,168Centurion,54launchserviceprogramme,147spaceshuttle,xxii,147,165,204,211NASSCOM,124nationstates,7,14,78–88,97,170,272,281nationalcompetitiveness,149,184,279ConferenceofInsuranceLegislators,265InstituteofAgrobiologicalSciences,248ScienceFoundation,260naturalcatastrophes,256,281cycles,241resources,18,97,145,230,264,284–6capital,5,82,104,181capitalism,95,176,286natureasaself-regulatingsystem,270conservation,283N.
C.
AerospaceAlliance,257NEDO,250needforadynamicmodelofsustainability,286Negawatt,155Nestlé,87,106Netherlands,111,131,164,236networkoperators,105NewIndustriesLtd,238newproductsfromwaste,204,225–6,239,240NewDelhi,seeDelhinewspeak,280NewYorkCity,84,115–16,125,164,223NipponOilCompany,74NipponPaintCo,134noiserestrictions,113non-destructivetesting,204interruptiverepairmethods,205methanehydrocarbons,230productionrepairspares,205–6stickself-cleaningsurfaces,37,54woventextiles,248Nortel,133Norway,211Novartis,39,83NOx,67,129,230nuclearpowerplant,98,280nuisance-freecleaningprocesses,205obstacleseconomicconscationaso.
,262forbiotechnologies,20–3,41,80sufciencysolutions,50hiddeno.
,78howtoovercomeo.
,80,170,258inscienticthinking,282maintenanceo.
,262marketinherento.
,173publicauthoritiesasmaino.
,144,283psychologicalo.
,69,262scienceeliminateso.
,76tochange,72oceangoingvessels,64Octopuscard,111OdysseyMoonVenture,11,147,166OECDdecouplingandcompositeindicators,273reportonproductdurabilityandproduct-lifeextension,295OEMProduct-ServicesInstitute,xiv,253Index323oeuvreséconomiques(Bastiat),50,253offshoring,123–4ofcechairs,235equipment,235incidencereportingo.
,46software,235oftoolsandtoys,108,158–9oilconsumptionreduction,74,138cookingo.
,137engineo.
,102–3,114,152,171,182industry,128price,23,51,79,257rapeseedo.
,249rening,21,71residues/waste,130,224rigs,98spills,239vegetableo.
,249oldtimercars,190,202,225,254–6caringindex,255Jaguarengineremanufacturing,62,198on-demandbook-printing,118magnetisation,189production,210software,119Onnes,Kamerlingh,30onlineOcadosupermarkets,123on-siteelectricitygeneration,115intervention,227rainwatercollection,115serviceteams,191OntarioTeachersPensionPlan,95operatingcosts,56–7,65,161,201,217–19,237ofequipmentaccordingtothedegreeofmaintenance,207safeandcleantoilets,144operationandmaintenance(O&M)contracts,69costs,262designforefciento.
,122engineers,206,218engineering,218,264friendlydesign,113management,126–7,181,264ofdefenceequipment,94process,214responsibility,150,279–80services,143operation-controlcomponents,205operationalleasing,89ofaircraft,77–8,106,113companyuniforms,131containerisedcombustionunits,160durablegoods,87,94uorescentlamps,117,172kindergartentoys,144ofceequipment,118,166slidegatesystemsandrefractories,118streetfurniturewithbillboards,143uniforms,131strategy,254seealsoleasing,textileleasingoperators,90–5,104–5,147,285eet/systemo.
,xxii,56,122,263satelliteso.
,47,101,223opportunities,88,100,104–5andrisksforsystemsandnetworkoperators,105byexploitingculture-relatedtechnologies,18forlossandwasteprevention,86,Chapter2maintainingperformanceovertime,Chapter3networkoperators,105inthePerformanceEconomy,xxiii,6,Chapter1ofserviceapproaches,133systemsolutions,78,147opticalbrecables,224recycling,247optimisingthemanagementofphysicalassets,201324Indexorganisationalinnovations,205originalequipmentmanufacturer(OEM),96,105,156,185–92,208,215–65Orixautocompany,164orphandrugs,24OurCommonFuture,271,283,297out-of-productionspares,39,94,192,200,212,226,257outsorcing,77,119,123–4,134,166–8ofrisks,123OV-chipkaart,111overcomingindustrialandconsumerresistance,262obstacles,287politicalandinstitutionalresistance,261ownership,154,238alternatives,90–2continuity,97,109,121,156,166,201,241,252–6costs,146deferredo.
,69doublechangeofo.
,187–9,222–5fromo.
tostewardship,181jointo.
,177risko.
,92,142,170transferofo.
,95,149PAC-CarII,runningwithoutenergy,32,72packaging,117,194,241–3rentalp.
,120–1reusabletransportp.
,121,174paddlesteamers,209paint,29,36,41,46,83,102–3,134,171,191,214,222paintingofcarparts,134,168,191palletpooling,120,217Pakistan,66Papanek,Viktor,240,292paperelectronicp,.
32,35,17,110industry,128recycling,236,242,247ParadigmContract,147SecureCommunicationsLtd,148Parker,David,xivRoderick,xivparkingtickets,62pars-pro-totosyndrome,179,194,198–9partnerships,22,7–4,128,138–47,228,253agreements(ABB),128ChemicalStrategiesP.
,132,167PPP,xxii,71,88,94,149–64,280patentableobjects,205patrimony,83dowryoverp.
,224overdowry,181,203paybythemile,xxii,220bythehour,172,114forcapacity,116,167performanceincancertreatment,25take-back,173theCommonGood,49perserviceunit,xxiii,123,148useservice,166–7,177serviceunit,xxiii,123,148wash,157performancefees,113seealsofeeperkmdrivenPBL,performancebasedlogistics,146–9PCs,refreshed,235PearlHarbour,211pedibus,60pedestrians,69,278peerpressure,167,46pencilleads,247PennsylvaniaTurnpike,127pensionschemes,125perfectlygroundrails,57Index325performanceasdriverofwealth,76behaviourrelatedtouse,175basedlogistics,146–9chain,100,104concept,83–9,Chapter2,175,294terminology,175contracting,156economy,13changestheroleofconsumer/users,economicactors,nationstatesandresources,6–7rstedition,xxiinewbusinessmodels,1–3newmetrics,3–4qualitycube,274relevanceforemergingeconomies,278relevanceforindustrialisedcountries,280sustainabletriangle,273fromthesupplychaintothep.
chain,100genericp.
managementservices,158managementservicesinB2B,125–39B2G,140–52materials,16,30responsibility,2,6,7,14,41,86–93,100–1,171,184–91,273–87salesdemand-drivenp.
,168supply-drivenp.
,167servicesin,93B2Bmarkets,109–24B2Gmarkets,140–52B2Cmarkets,153–7standards,266periodicwork,197periodicallyreplacingexistinggoods,181permanentmagnets,32,109Perot,Ross,124pesticide,28,139PETbottles,54Peugeot-Citroen(PSA),129PFI,privatenanceinitiative,87–94,107,141–6,170–80phantomrisks,9,69pharmaceuticals,15,21–4,39,83,87,103Philippines,26–9,162hybridrice,26Jeepneys,233photocontrolofweedgermination,52,289,295phones,seetelephonesphotovoltaiclms,40panels,18,61solarcells,34,54–8faade-integrated,115systems,58physicalassets,43,279maintainingp.
,278management,61,83,179,181–6,196,201–22performance,180units,277Piccard,Bertrand,55Pilkington,37pillarsofasustainablesociety,461pioneers,15,39,89,93,118,121,124,139,141,162,191,205,211anonymousp.
,215countries,26designp.
,240sufciencyp.
,53PlaneTransportSystem(PTS),63plannedmaintenanceschedules,207plasticbags,52Plasser-TheurerGroup,57platinum,37,97,103plexiglas,seepolymetacrylateplowingatnight,52plus-energybuildings,xxiii,61,278podsofQueenMary2,64pointofsale,5–12,62,85,89,93–8,181,200–3,218,264–7Poland,xiv,26,215policyframeworks,186,290326Indexpoliticsforeseeablep.
,269sustainablep.
,271pollution,5,17,66,70,140,160,241,287airp.
,35–41,276prevention,230,290rights,276polyurethanfoam,240porcelain(China),243,247polymerelectrolytefuelcells(PEFC),112polymetacrylate(plexiglas),184,242portfacilities,201Portugal,26powerbythehour,xxii,113cuts,84,106economicp.
,41,81,165electricp.
,80hydroelectricp.
,208–9microp.
generation,161negativep.
consumption,156nuclearp.
,210people'sp.
,70stations/plants,75,98,141–2,280buildingsdesignedasp.
,61,116rsthybridhydrogenp.
,75supplynetworks,279tools,72,192,216,253windp.
,68PPP,PublicPrivatePartnerships,xxii,71,88,94,149–53,164,280inChina,152Russia,153ofHolcimandGTZinElSalvador,152toovercomeIndia'sinfrastructureneeds,152praiseofchaoticself-regulatingsystems,269–71precisionagriculture,138,139,174predictionssuppliedbyequipment,185preferredprocurementoptions,xxii,168–70,232prematuredeteriorisation,205preservationofresources,213value,195,283preventionstrategies,17,43–9,66,69,102againstwilfulmisuse,205sellingp.
,101promotionof,174,266preventingblindnessoftheelderly,27breakdowns,108,115,131,206cancer,25CO2emissions,213corrosion,146disasters,254losses,12,47–9,76,82–93,121,175,206,273,279pollution,230waste,86–93,155,175,182,193,213,238,243,251,267,273,279preventiveengineering,88–9,274maintenance,114,185,207medicaldiagnostics,44–6priceofwater,150,174Prigogine,Ilya,269–71principlesbehindtheLakeandtheLoopEconomy,194–200prisonersdilemma,284privateFinanceInitiatives,seePFIPublicPartnerships,seePPPsectorinitiatives,78privatisationoftheUSPennsylvaniaTurnpike,127procurement,131–2departments,89greenp.
,85managers,85,146militaryp.
,146,168policy,141,146preferredp.
options,xxii,168–70,232publicp.
,87,165,266producer-eetmanagers,90–2Index327producingperformance,xxii,Chapter1,14,274sailclothforchampions,33solardrinkingwater,54products,seealsogoods,sparepartsasservice,259designforre-use,183durability,205,292fromwaste,204,225–6,239–40groups,100–4,171,280liability,81,100,185life-cycle,51,182,256long-lifep.
,115,202,262maintenance-freep.
,58recalls,206recycling,241–2renovation,183responsibility,81,265reuse,193–4,261sharingschemes,165stewardship,153,181,232take-back,232–4warranty,48,90–2,190,216,233,266productivity,48,128,179–80,194,203,213,261labourp.
,199,200,220ofprevention,43resourcep.
,9,13–18,284,290,293sustainablep.
,10–18,22,36–9,84product-life,279abortions,205endofp.
,246extension,102–3,181–3,193,205,221,225–50,262activities,105,210,227,252intonewmarkets,204factor,291,296ofcomponents,204,234goods,85,204,225–41molecules,241services,227,252optimisation,88,203,215,226,259options,219phases,187–9,207statistics,265seealsoservice-lifeProduct-LifeInstitute,Geneva,xiv,xv,xxii,221–3,240,281,292–3product-service,122Institute,xiv,253systems,176,297rstuseofterm,176product-systemoptimisationoverlongerperiods,88,273production,89,99,132,177,187,189–95,200–3,249assets,128basematerialp.
,181,193,195cleanp.
,5costs,19,33,121,167,250engineers,206equipment,107,121IntegratedP.
(IP),138optimisation,181,196process,39,41,80–3,98,149,188,252spares,221statistics,255sustainablep.
,294technology,97units,130volumes,24,180,239waste,187,241–3professionalclothing,131cooperatives,46organisations,98,230research,98wastemanagers,223ProTex,131,168protmaps,139maximisation,173,224–5,242prognosticsystems,185protablere-useofcomponents,201doublyp.
,268goods,189molecules,128thesmallerthemorep.
,195progressinscienceandtechnology,14–42,80,286328IndexpromotingEPeR,280reghters,57freemarketsafetynets,81,169,265proteomicstechnology,45psychologicalobstacles,69,262providingsecurityinsteadofsellingalarmsystems,160Prussianforesters,258,283,286PSA,seePeugeot-Citronpublicassets,149buildings,136debt,1,143,173health,28,41,152interestlitigationclause,66PrivatePartnerships,seePPPprocurement,266security,99services,60,118,127,144,158spending,8toilets,144transportsystems,52,111,142,144,161UtilitySeattle,55waterworks,150,174Purcell,Arthur,176pulpandpaperindustry,128punitivenancialliabilities,124purists'sufciencysolutions,55qualitativegrowth,277jumps,18metrics,4,282objectives,5stateoftheart,103,203,221,261statistics,187quality,5,88,163,194,197,203,229,279anddurabilityofconsumergoods,279asis,196asgoodasnew,231,234assurance,120changesovertime,216checks,225,231control,155,200statistical,187circles,260costs,48cube,163,272–3ofthePerformanceEconomy,272–3curve,206–7dilemmaofmanufacturing,279effectsduringconsecutiveproduct-lifephases,207foodq.
,16,197issueformaintainingperformanceovertime,197managementoffunctioningsystems,88,115,259–66monitoring,203–5,259,263ofcarservices,197humancapital,181life,24–5,45,70,79,237,270,272,284–5manufacturing,29performance,96remanufacturing,112–13,130stock,258useddieselengines,197overfullservice-life,Chapter2redenitionofq.
,87–92standards,120,129,135,237superiorproductq.
,112,166,197,239unquality,47,176QueenMary2,64questforhighestcompetitiveness,251racehorses,107radicalchanges,66–75bycourtorder,66bynationallegislation,68inframeworkconditions,66,79throughpartnerships,71throughpeople'spower,70RadioFrequencyIdenticationchips,seeRFIDchipsRAF,146railgrindingservices,57,85,142,197Railtrack,104,158Index329railways,17,53,80,94,104–5,142,150,195,279–80companies,212,225Dutch,162German,11,163,261ICE1redesign,213India,152Japan,111,213Hokuriku,164railgrindingservices,57rollingstock,190–5,204,226–7SouthAfrican,209stations,144Switzerland,71,76Taiwan,141–2tracks,57,129,252Rangoon,67RankXerox,118seealsoXeroxrapeseedoilintobiodiesel,249–50rationalisation,180Ray,Paul,285razorblades,9,11,13REACH,133,168reachingdowntothecustomer,113realestatefacilitymanagement(FM),125,218management,159managers,125,219realtimemanagement,114Rebif,9,11,24ReclamationandRecyclingReimbursementPolicy,247recombination,270reconditioning,193,206,211,225,228,258seealsoremanufacturingrecoveryofassets,234process,246recyclabilityasdesigncriteria,189recyclableisnotrecycled,189recycling,173,177,194,228,236,241activities,194,277aluminium,184,194Coca-Colacans,244–5costs,193,242,246end-of-lifeproducts,241generatorbrushes,247ITwaste,234–7materials/materialr.
,ii,6,131,158,188,193–4,222–4,230,242–7,251molecules,187–9paperr.
,247porcelaininsulators,241primaryr.
ofproductionwaste,187–9,241–2productr.
,241–2productionwaste,241opticalbrecables,247secondaryr.
ofend-of-lifegoods,189,241–3expenses,246tocreateemployment,292,297tonermodules,172,204woolwaste,248R&D,12,33,74–8,151,186,206,211,249,260Reday,Geneviève,ii,291redesignofICE1trains,186,194,208,213redundancy,6,47,87,151reed-basedwatertreatmentplants,55rellingprintercartridges,204reoatingsunkenobjects,205refreshedPCs,235refurbishmentofITassets,236seealsoremanufacturingregionalrepairactivities,206regionalisationoftheeconomy,83,257,262regrooving,187–91,220regulation,168–9,222,270safetyr.
,133self-r.
,269,271reindustrialisationoftheeconomy,83,228reinsurance,152seealsoinsurancerelevanceofthePerformanceEconomytoemergingeconomies,278–80industrialisedcountries,280–2330Indexreliability,65,69,101,128,151,207,275remainingtechnicallife,259remanufacturedlightvehicles,233remanufacturers(independent),102–4,171,185,192,219,253,260remanufacturing,62,189,204,222–66activities,104,183,191,196,201,260–6Ambassadorcars,233automotivecomponents,10,228engines,230awards,258capabilities,208Caterpillardieselengines,230–2carengines,9,61,198,230,260competitiveness,251costs,113,183,200,214,220denition,225,228dieselengines,85,167,197,231equipment,285gearboxes,219ICE1trains,194,213industry,227–30interestinr.
,183incentives,261Institute(TRI),253Jeepneys,233jetengines,112,214Jumbojets,214lightvehicles,233medicalsystems,234mobiler.
units,252motto,195multipler.
,61,231photocopiers,118potential,183protocol,258quality,112,166,197–8sectorUSA,229services,113,191,214,259slidegates,118vendingmachines,106versusmanufacturing,200washingmachines,108seealsoreconditioning,resterilisation,re-rening,restoring,conversion,transformation,refurbishmentremarketing,167,189,222–50,240,253aircraftseats,224–5glassbottles,204,225–6,237,240,253largeITassets,236PETbottles,54usedPCs,236renewableresourcecontent,266–8resources,4,55,179–83,199,266–8,281urbanspaceinitiative,156valuecreationfromr.
,273–4rentalapartments,94,159bikes,164–5cars,203,163–4,262chemicals,135economy,89–94,279energyinfrastructures,136equipment,216exchangesystems,253goods,177,154,225ladies'handbags,154packaging,120properties,126sportsequipment,154UnitedR.
,123rent-a-car,162molecule,87–8,109,222ski,154wash,78,106,11o,158wreck,163RenTex,131,168rentingfashionablegoods,154–5luxurygoods,154reusablewipers,130sportsequipment,154woodenpallets,217Rentokil-Initial,127Index331repairandreconstructionwork,43andremanufacturingactivities,33,95,183,191–6costs,48–9,207,221,254spares,190,205,221subsidies,221thesamecarregularly,197workshops,183,209,219–20reprocessingmedicaldevices,117,119,168,172re-reningtechnologies,135,171research,76,98hydrogenr.
,74,248institutions,202,208,221–9,240–4lackofr.
,260newr.
chairs,166projects,27,78repairr.
,206,221residentialhydrogenfuelcellsystems,74resilience,47,84,203built-inr.
,6,87ofcities,53,61resilientenergysystems,61resistance,261electricalr.
,31fromeconomiclosers,173industrialandconsumerr.
,262politicalandinstitutionalr.
,261psychologicalr.
,263resource,193,203,271accesstor.
,96–7autarky,95biologicalr.
,20cheapenergyr.
,224consumption,1–4,8,261,272–3,284decouplingwealthfromr.
,180growthwithoutr.
,280percapita,278perunitofwealth,13wealthwithoutr.
,85–7,287recoveryprogramme,233,246Worldr.
,1–4,8,261,272–7,284costs,51,79,96,220dissipativer.
,252efciency,86,88,108,138,210,288,243fossilr.
,77freer.
,240humanr.
,74husbandryofr.
,206inputs,43,58,62,79duringthelifecycleofaproduct,51localr.
,186,194losses,204duringthelifecycleofaproduct,51managementr.
,136managers,192misersociety,287naturalr.
,18,145,230,264conservationofn.
,286non-renewabler.
,7,266–8,273,281taxingn.
insteadoflabour,7oftomorrow,7,87prices,7,87productivity,9,13,18,22,36,284ofjobs,179purer.
,242recovery,117,233,244,251renewableresources,55,182,199,266–8valuecreatedfromr.
,4,182energyr.
,241respectfuleconomy,xxiiisavings,198scarcity,79,277–9,282secondaryr.
,194,242strategicr.
,257theroleofr.
inthePerformanceEconomy,7throughput,1–8,12,77,175,183,196,220–1tradingrights,276–7use,77,227virginr.
,194,223,241wastedr.
,82ResponsibleCareGlobalCharter,132resourcefulness,262–3re-sterilisation,42restoringautomotiveengines,186seealsoremanufacturingrestrainingtechnicalprogress,204results,invisible,196332Indexrethinking,63,224retreads,238retreadersoftyres,220retreadedtyres,188,204,238retreadingprocess,187ofcartyres,237RetroMotors,233reusabletransportpackaging,120,174UrbanSpaceInitiative,156ReUseComputernetwork,237reusing,222–50aircraftseats,224–5carparts,206components,97,118,187disposabledialysers,215largeITassets,236glassbottles,204,226,237,240,244–5,253goods,6,184,189,193–8,242themanpowerissueinreusinggoods,195–6thepars-pro-totoissueinreusinggoods,198,224molecules,128,242porcelaininsulators,243,247spareparts,226,235–7towels,59waterinaloop,247wipers,130woolwaste,247reverselogistics,60,103,154,158,171,243,246reversedincentives,6,56–7rewardinganextendedproductresponsibility,265laziness,268thepreventionofCO2emissions,266waste,266RFIDchips,109,110,168Rheinhold&Mahla,219RhineRiver,219Rifkin,Jeremy,71–2,83,106,251rightforcleanair,68Rigips,243RIKEN'sdrought-tolerantplants,27Rinspeed,53RioDeclarationonEnvironmentandDevelopment,271risk,44,104,280abuse(seealsomoralhazard),57andopportunity,9,72,81,105averseattitude,279aversion,19,286basedpremiums,82,169regulation,169CaribbeanCatastrophicR.
InsuranceFacility,152costs,14,81,90–6,100,173–5,215internalisation,2–4,90–6,Chapter2economicr.
,69emergingr.
,9entrepreneurialr.
taking,7,153disasterr.
,152engineering,208fornetworkoperators,105futurer.
,156healthr.
,54Institute,xivinsurabilityofr.
,81–2,280insurabler.
,82–3,169internalisationofrisksandliabilities,175,273know-how,208litigationr.
,265management,43,46–8,88,120,133,150,207isnotanothercoatofpaint,46ofnancingandoperation,280newr.
,124offailure,226outsourcing,123ownership,92phantomr.
,9,69potentialr.
,77,106reduction,43inmaintenance,57,201,217sharing,43shiftfromconsumertoproducer,90technicalr.
,69transfer,87,148–9,152,169,174uninsurabler.
,81,169seealsoMurphy'sLawIndex333Rittenhouse,DawnG.
,xivrivereconomy,2,204roadsafety,59–70robotstorenovatehousefacades,260roadtrafcasasystem,69RockyMountainInstitute,137,291roleofconsumers/usersinthePerformanceEconomy,7economicactorsinthePerformanceEconomy,6nationstatesinthePerformanceEconomy,7resourcesinthePerformanceEconomy,7rollingstock,57,62,104,142,190,195,204,212,261Rolls-Royce,xxii,113,172,185,216,252,264Romania,26Rotterdam,111Rottweil,135,155,161RoyalAcademyofEngineering,36AirForce,146Household,67Navy,210–12Society,36,288–9RowettInstitute,30RPMgovernors,262Russia,36,153,258Rutan,Bird,31SacyrVallehermoro,126SafeChem,167,222safety,40–4,162,207,214,284carpassengers.
,69childs.
,70criticalapplication,151effortsduringconsecutiveproduct-lifephases,207excellence,16,46freemarkets.
nets,169,265hazards,160internalisationofs.
costs,104management,15ofaftermarketcrashparts,265philosophers70questfors.
,84regulation,133,217relevantsystems,61roads.
,59,70standards,119technicals.
,77Sagenmüller,Alfons,xivsailclothforchampions,33sailingboats,65,165,278Sainsbury,61Saint-GobainGyproc,243salesprice,12,25,36,95,166,181,288SAMARIS,33SMIFSVentureCapital,125sandblasting,218SanFrancisco,125,208SAP,119SapporoBreweries,248SaraoMotors,233satellites,101,148–51,223data,139Galileos.
PPP,150manufacturers,101,166micro-s.
businesses,42operationals.
,47operators,101sector,101services,148telecom,18saturatedmarkets,180,200,206Saurergearboxremanufacturing,219savings,economics.
,56,104,113,118,129,193electricitys.
,137energys.
,22,59,137,161,194,230materialcosts.
,121nancials.
,49,57,123,134,140,198,221,261inGHGemissions,230resources.
,198Sbarro,53scaffolding,260ScaledCompositesinspace,xiv,31scarcityofgoods,196,275–8Schelling,Thomas,50,296Schindler,217Schmidheiny,Stefan,5334IndexSchmidt-Bleek,Friedrich,xxiiiSchrieffer,31Schrock,Richard,21science,18–20,51,101–4,171,252,273–4,280agrobiologicals.
,248andtechnologyinnovations,252applications,76InternationalCorporation(SAIC),148aschangedriver,170,251basedperformanceservices,109blowsawaytherocks,76computers.
,42,165convergenceofs.
,30,42–4,279–82exploitings.
,3,180,278HouseofMinnesota,116life-s.
,20–30,171,250,286materials.
,30–5,171ministerofChina,75MuseumofMinnesota,116nano-s.
,31,35–41,286NationalS.
Foundation,260socials.
asfacilitator,77–9scienticadvances,35,80breakthroughs,16disciplines,13,24,42,279–82innovation,85,271,252,285instruments,35progress,16–18,23,81,279,286success,139,286Scott,Jonathan,xiv,296ScottishCropResearchInstitute,30scrapmerchants,188,226value,231–2scrappingschemes,62,256seatingcapacity,208Seattle,55second-handclothes,227equipment,234goods,205militaryengines,229wool,248seealsoaftermarketsecondlawofthermodynamics,19,189,243secondaryresources,194,242sectoralstructures,281–2studies,230securityservicesinsteadofalarmsystems,160Sedus,235SeibuGasEnergyCompany,74Sekisuizero-energy-costhomes,53,156Selbstfahrgemeinschaft,163self-centredreasons,268cleaningsurfaces,40containedsystems,240curingspares,205governedloops,61healing,42help,163insuredcompanies,15,211interest,100maintenance,205organisation,protectingspares,205regulatingsystems,269–71replenishingeconomy,193–7regulation,269–71restraint,49service,164sufciency,61sellingcapacity,116cleaningofsurfaces,135customersatisfaction,xxii,89–95,118desiredresults,124function,54goods,87–8,92,172,277haulagecapacity,123heat,136–8,160hoursofjetenginefunctioninginsteadofremanufacturing,112,166,214turbinefunction,113integratedservices,52knowledge,16,46milesofmotoringinsteadoflorrytyres,xxii,122,188Index335selling–continuedperformance,xxii,83,Chapter2,252,262,274,280ofjetengines,185intheFunctionalServiceEconomy,97–101versusthesaleofgoods,62,94–7,180marketsandeconomicactorss.
,104–64powerbythehour,hoursoffunctioninsteadofturbines,xxii,113perfectlygroundrails,57prevention,101results,88,185foraxedcost,174safeandcomfortableplacestosleep,59,159safeandcomfortabletransport,162second-handequipment,234securityinsteadofalarmsystems,160servicesinsteadofgoods,95–6softwareutilisation,167systemutilisation,90–5,212thefunctioningofproducts,259thetalk,101totalservices,94,113Sense,129Serono,11,24serviceactivities,10,89,98,181–8cleanings.
,127companies,124,127,137,192,214,220,229,269contractors,89,113,124,126,170,175,188contracts,129,131,148,161economyfromtheServiceE.
totheFunctionalServiceEconomy,99–100originsof,97–9exchangesystems,192,215,253parts,94,192,212out-of-productionp.
,200,257seealsosparepartspublics.
,87,94,118,158,174service-life,4,108,122,184–212extension,97,132,181–4,213factorimpactofs.
,182innovatives.
,215options,97strategies,225–40extensionprogramme(SLEP),210limiteds.
,262longs.
,170,185multiples.
,213,220remainings.
,196,202shorts.
,243–4technicals.
,153seealsoproduct-lifeservicizing,131,144,164,172–7sewagetreatmentplantasgoldmine,246sewersystems,55,145,152,206,263sharedutilisation,157,162,202carsharing,162–4bikesharing,164sheep,248replaceherbicidesinvineyards,55Shanghai,xiv,xxii,73–5ChengtouCorporation,152TongjiUniversity,xiv,xxii,75ShareCom,163ShellEco-Marathon,32shiftfromconsumptiontoutilisation,202–6cradle-to-naturetocradle-to-gravetocradle-to-cradle,223–5doingthingsrighttodoingtherightthings,5sellingtobuyingperformance,xxii336Indexineconomicthinking,5thevalue-per-weightratiofrombulktosmartgoods,9ofthecostofrisksfromtheconsumertotheproducer,90wastefromthestatetotheproducer,91tomanagingperformanceovertime,179–81producingperformance,8–12sellingperformance,86–8ShimadzuCorp,248Shinkansen,142,213shipchartercontracts,106owners,44,106,207yardcapacity,211shipping,43,155containers,201economicsofs.
,44lines,94,104–6,158safety,43,106shirts,99Shiseido,23Shiva,285shutdowns,207signallingequipment,212siliconcarbidegranulates,238silver,42,50Sikorskyhelicopters,149singleusecameras,94,101,154,166,184,227medicalequipment,119SiPixImagingInc,32SixSigma,48,175Skibladner,211skilfulmanagementofexistingassets,179skills,19,211,236–42,261–73,281skilledjobs,1,4,13,62,261–81skinreplacementpanels,221SkySails,65Skynetservicecontract,148slack,203,292slaughterhouses,242SLEP,210slidegateserviceforthesteelindustry,117SloanValveCompany,55Slovakia,26slow-downofmaterialthroughput,193SlumdogMillionaire,152Smalley,Richard,36smallscaleenergygenerationtechnology,112experimentalsystems,248labour-intensiveworkshops,181smartbiofuels,248electricitymeters,157engineeringsolutions,32seealsosystemsolutionsfridges,106–8goods,1,9,13goodsoperators,105homes,157materials,1,35,41,81,109,170fortheloopeconomy,32,280nanotech,41,88redesignofgoods,120solutions,1,8–13,15–30,41,56,61,81systems,53engineeringsolutions,61–75innovations,287thinking,6whitegoods,105–6SMIFSVentureCapital,125Smith,Adam,269Snel-Tram,111socialcapital,82cohesion,281communication,60,156costs,213ecology,284enterprises,237groups,53hardship,82impact,272–4indicators,281,293inequalities,50insurance,25Index337social–continuedjustice,80pillarofsustainability,70sciencesasfacilitator,77–9security,99status,94values,43welfare,4,236societyasadynamicself-regulatingsystem,270–1hydrogens.
,71low-carbons.
,287culture-drivens.
,49resource-misers.
,287sustainables.
,283–7Sodis,54Software-as-a-service(SaaS),119Softwareondemand(SAP),119solarChallenger,55coolinglorry,61drinkingwater,54industry,58badweathercompensation,58powersystems,58poweredicecreamstalls,61solidarity,174solutionsinterdisciplinarys.
,282smartengineerings,.
32smarts.
,1,8–13,15–30,41,56,61,81solvents,26,102–3,171,222SompoJapanInsuranceInc.
,58SOHO(China),147,166Sonybookman,110ComputerEntertainmentEurope(SCEE),192,215SouthAfrica,209BankLondon,253Korea,143Southcooperation,271SovereignWealthFunds,125SOx,230Soyl,140space,223craft,30,223debris,47,223engineering,42,165–6insuranceconference,165losspreventionins.
,47services,148,166Shuttle,xxii,147,165,204,211,timeands.
,142travel,18,32,80urbans.
,156SpaceShipOne,31SpaceX,147,166spaceshuttleprogramme,204,211Spain,26,68,95,126,150,236,249spareparts,183,235existingstockass.
,226management,187,201market,206non-productionrepairs.
,226outofproductions.
,211,254reuseofs.
,235self-curings.
,205surpluss.
,200stocks,216unavailabilityofs.
,185,205,256,262–3vitals.
,210seealsocomponents,servicepartsspare-lessrepairmethods,113,205technologies,114,209units,210specialisation,48,135,271lackofs.
,260ofproductionunits,98spectacleframes,11SpenoInternational,57SpiritAirlines,121SRTechnics,112,166,214StCatherine'sdock,253StadtwerkeRottweil,135,155,161Stahel,Walter,95,176–7,223StamfordComputer,235standardexchangesystems,190standardisedAirbusightdecks,200components,87,179,191seealsocomponentstandardisation338Indexmodules,193,217reusabletransportpackages,121,174standards,6,19BritishS.
,228,258buildings.
,115,173,219emissions.
,204,256industrys.
,122,238maintenances.
,217mandatorys.
,265qualitys.
,120,129,135,237performances.
,266products.
,266safetys.
,119standardisation,118,122,200,205,217ISO,201ofcomponents,seecomponentstandardisationStanfordUniversity,39stateFarmInsuranceCo,265oftheart,15,65,122,160,203,221,225,236–8,259qualitative,103,261statisticalqualitycontrol,187statisticsofthewealthofphysicalgoods(stocks),187,255oldtimers,255product-lifes.
,263tomeasureoverallhealthquality,259steamengines,19,63,209ships,209Skibladner,211steelindustry,71,189seealsoironandsteelindustrySteelcase,235Steiner,126Steinhilper,Rolf,xiv,235,264Steptoe&Son,223sterilisationofreusablesingle-usemedicaldevices,119,172,197Sternreport,213Stevens,Gary,xiv,283stewardship,153,181,232stock,188–92,201capitals.
,283conservation,43data,255lifes.
carrier,215ofbuildings,95goods,278installedwindturbines,68management,188–92,201outofs.
parts,256pile,257quality,258–9rollings.
,seerailwayssparepartss.
,114,212,216seealsoeetStockholm,7stockings,263stoneageeconomy,9–12StPaul,Minnesota,116storob,149,201,210,211,226Stradivariusviolins,170,190,202,254strandedcapital,20,72,173strategyofconict,50strategiesemergingfromautilisationfocusfordurablegoods,203structuralchange,180components,257engineers,143parts,97,225timber,108,226structureoftheeconomysellingperformance,101–4,281studies,xxiii,13,47,177,186cases.
,221,230,240feasibilitys.
,252sectorals.
,230submarine,72,80subsidiarity,70,270susidies,27,68,160,180aftercatastrophes,221forunsustainablesolutions,278hiddens.
,261sugarcanebasedethanol,250StuttgartUniversity,249subsistenceeconomy,275Index339substitutingmanpowerforenergy,ii,267,291renewableresourcesfornon-renewableones,179Suez-LyonnaisedesEauxSA,145sufciency,12beforeefciency,6drivenperformanceservices,114–17energys.
,136howtopromotes.
,79killingefciency,243,270modeofmobility,60puristss.
,55solutions,50,79–80,86,100,262strategies,49–55,202,248Sulzermarinedieselengines,218superconductingmaterials,30–1,40superconductivity,31superiorproductqualityinremanufacturing,197supplychain,16,100,120,148,167,178,228fromthesupplychaintotheperformancechain,100drivenperformanceselling,167supportservicesforre-use,repair,191SupremeCourtofIndia,66,78surplusnavalvessels,211survival,25,57,215,283sustainability,xxiii,5,79,179,272applieds.
,234asacompetitionofculturalmodels,285awards,260andthePerformanceEconomy,Chapter4benchmarks,278bonus,251competitives.
,3conceptofs.
,271–8,285decouplings.
indicators,274designfors.
,63,288dynamicmodelsofs.
,286impacts,198linkbetweenperformance,cultureands.
,283–7management,88metrics,278originsofs.
,258,284reports(CSR),268triangle,272oftheperformanceeconomy,273sustainablecompetitiveness,4,81,85,272development,82,138,270dominatingconceptofs.
,269indicatorsofs.
,271promotings.
,283receptionofs.
,285UNconferenceons.
,286economicproductivity,10,84economy,284nancialefciency,future,270investments,268,282jobs,180LoopEconomy,193materials,115mobility,278opportunities,221,240performance,282policiesandstrategies,221,240politics,271prots,86resourceconsumption,shoppingcentres,116society,81,284vepillarsofas.
,283solutions,156,168,278,281–2cubeoftoleranceofs.
,281strategy,277unsustainable,180,281Südzucker,250swap-o-rama-rama,227Sweden,32,69,75,78,157,211,239,242SwedishParliament,70,78SwissAdvancedMetalTechnologyCorp.
,34AirForce,212Alinghiteam,33alps,48,78AlpsInitiative,70,71,78cities,52Constitution,71340IndexContracting,176directdemocracy,270engineers,72,141FederalInstitutesofTechnology(ETH),32–3,54government,71households,53lakes,209ministeroftransport,71ReinsuranceCompany(SwissRe),152Switzerland,57,60,70–1,75–6,126,131,154,163,208,215–21,227,237–9,255–6Sydney,150symbioses,58–9,76synergies,6,144,232,260Syngenta,26,140Syracuse,N.
Y.
,116systems,36,86,95,137,202–3anti-lockbrakings.
(ABS),238alarms.
,160anomalyreportings.
,74audits,.
6availability,146back-ups.
,106carsharings.
,169chemicalmanagements.
,167–8circulars.
,15closed-loops.
,154communications.
,150complexs.
,196,203,205,263computers.
,117,124controls.
,117,120design,47,64,115,122forkitchenappliancesandtransportpackaging,120dissipatives.
,242,264energymanagements.
,158–60experts.
,174franchisings.
,168functioningovertime,99,259globalproductions.
,6GPS,94,139,151hydraulics.
,257hydrogens.
,72,74immobiles.
,252incidencereportings.
,47innovation,77lab-on-a-chips.
,39legals.
,172linears.
,15managementapproach,48medicals.
,193,233,251,260monitorings.
,185offunctionalmodules,ofkitchenappliancesandpackaging,120operators,104–5,146optimisation,77,87–8performance,88,114,166PlaneTransportS.
(PTS),63preventionthroughlegislation,69products.
,87productions.
,99prognostics.
,185progressdrivenbydirectdemocracy,70propulsions.
,32,72proposals.
,260PSS,176roadtrafcs.
,70,158self-regulations.
,269–71slidegates.
,118smarts.
,53solutions,6,23,35,44–6,51,56–79,142,158specications,266standardexchanges.
,190technicals.
,203–4,217technologicalupgradingofs.
,201,208,225thinking,25transports.
,70,152managements.
,161utilisation,185wastewaters.
,7,55,145weapons.
,211systemicnature,157preventionthroughlegislation,69solutions,104,110,158,170Taiwan,122,142high-speedraillink,142Takashima&Co,58Index341take-back,192,197costs,173legislation,232,265logistics,187,243,247schemes,190,234–5,251foruseddieselengines,197,231–2solutions,265market-drivent.
,232,265voluntaryt.
,232–3,167tanks,229TaonaZina,39,138–9,173Tataconsultingservices,124industries,233taxdepreciation,185–6taxi,66–7,85,92,162,266trein-taxi,162technologicaladvances,65,98applications,39,97breakthrough,16change,13,18,46innovation,78,82,202,252progress,16–43,81–2,155,204,252,263,271,285–6upgradeguarantees,122upgradingofcurtainwalls,219elevators,217goodsandsystems,189,191–3,201–4,208–9,212–13,225–6,232,238washingmachines,23technology,9,12,16–20,44,51,56,280,283adaptationstochangesint.
,87aschangedriver,170geneticmodicationt.
,29inappropriatemanufacturingt.
,253insuranceasenableroft.
,81–3lock-in,72management,88maturet.
,254outdatedt.
,189proteomicst.
,45services,166second-classt.
,204,211transfer,72,76upgradingt.
,204,225teddybear,107,153,190,202,254TelecommunicationsCarrierAssociation,244telephones,18,60,111,158,161,185cellphones,244TennesseeValleyAuthority,155–6tensionsinsideengineblocks,198Teuffenthal,56textiles,23,226coversforchairs,235brebusiness,15industry,77,99,257leasingservices,92,129–32,165stain-repellentt.
,36–7waste,240TGGreenMonitor,136TheGenevaAssociation,xv,xxiiitheft,100,124TheRemanufacturingInstitute,TRI,253thermodynamics,equilibrium,242secondlaw,19,189,243thin-lmcoatings,38PVsolarcells,34ThreeGorgesDam,3throughputoptimisation,224Tiefenbacher,135timber,structural,108,226time,FactorT.
,6,88–94,169,202,243–5,266–71ismoney,195tomarket,200,206TohokuUniversity,xxiiiTokyoElectricPowerCo,247,284TokyoGasCompany,112,136tollmotorways,94–5,104TombowPencilCo,247TongjiUniversity,xiv,xxii,73–5tools,1,18–19,42,99,264,272cuttingt.
,34knowledget.
,18lackoft.
,259long-lifet.
,218machinet.
,235342Indexmissingt.
,232,258,261monitoringt.
,47,258powert.
,64,72,216,253productiont.
,261toolsandtoys,106–7,153–9,187–92ToppanFormsCompany,32totalcare,114componentsupport,121costofoperatingequipmentaccordingtothedegreeofmaintenance,207life-spanofgoodsorsystems,181servicecontractors,126Totem,137TotoLtd,25ToxicReleaseInventory,168,222toxicology,287ToyotaCoronaMark2,182,291toys,42,94,107–8,158–9,187–8,226fashiont.
,153Kindergartent.
,144seealsotoolsandtoystownsasresilientenergysystems,61toxicity,37,77limitingt.
,284trackrecord,3,15,36,101,151trains,194–7,206,213,226highspeed,204,208,213tramways,60,226cargotrams,60trans-disciplinary,282sectoral,282transactioncosts,187–8,201,220–5,237transformation,185,277activities,22,98,215substitutingt.
andserviceactivitiesforextractiveandbasematerialproduction,189typeindustries,195transformingcommoditiesintogoods,80costintorevenue,51defectivemicrochipsintojewellery,240navytankerintocontainervessel,201surplusproduceintomarketableones,30,248–50unusedpropertyintomarketableones,23VLCCintolifestockcarriers,215wastewaterintocleanwater,55seealsoconversiontransportdistances,241treintaxis,162tribology,38,205,264trust,117,135,167,174,187,220,259tsunamis,44,79turbineairfoils,210blades,209function,113gast.
,64jett.
,109,114leasingcompanies,113manufacturers,xxiiiupgradingt.
inhydroelectricpowerstations,208watert.
,209windt.
,68turningAOCwinesintoethanolfuel,249cerealsintofuel,250dairywasteintofuel,248knowledgeintorevenue,24rapeseedintodiesel,250woodwasteintofuel,249TVA,155twist-lockmechanism,201tyres,95,122aircraftt.
,xxiii,148,220cart.
,187–8cuttingt.
intosandals,240design,123,129GreenDiamondt.
,238landvehiclet.
,148leasing,149,191lorryandtruckt.
,xxii,187–8,220newt.
,187,228puncturedt.
,204repairs,123regrooving,220Index343tyres–continuedretreaders,220retreading,188,197,204,225,237scrapt.
,188usedt.
,152,262wasteintofuelconversion,224UdvarHazy,Steve,122UKAirTankerprogramme,146CompetitionCommission,126DepartmentforEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairs(Defra),228InlandRevenue,124MinistryofDefence,146,148,212RoyalAirForce,146waterbombers,239seealsoBritishultra-performingbreconcrete,33unaccountedforwater,206unavailabilityofgassupplies,257goodsduringrepairs,220materials,194spares,94,205,210–12uncertainty,58,81,210,225livingwithu.
,16–42system-inherentu.
,210uncouplewealthcreationandresourcethroughput,3understandingtheculturalissueofchancesandrisks,81differencesbetweentoolsandtoys,107factortime,202,271iceberg,47–9opportunitiesandvulnerabilitiesofsystemsolutions,104unemployed,226,240unemployment,areaswithhighu,.
183,196persistenti.
,1reducinglocalu.
,281UNESCOWorldheritagelist,27,256,288UNIDOchemicalleasingprogramme,133–4UnifolkCo,131Unilever,61uninsurablerisks,81,169,280UnitedRentals,123unitsfunctionu.
,133,221large-scalecapital-intensiveu.
,181locallyintegratedworku.
,181ofenergy,stockoreet,190servicelife,85mobileu.
,142,197,210,252,264,277,279physicalu.
,277salesu.
,190small-scalelabour-intensiveu.
,181UNOAgenda21,271,293DeclarationonEnvironmentandDevelopment,271MarrakechDeclaration,271WorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopment,271UniversityAlabama,31Basel,xivBayreuth,xivBonn,xiv,289Boston,229,292Bremen,221,258California,39curricula,263–4Geneva,289Harvard,296BusinessSchool,118,290,297Hiroshima,248Houston,31InternationalSpaceU.
Strasbourg,166KozminskyWarsaw,xiv,xxiiiOregon,25Southampton,61Stanford,39Stuttgart,249Surrey,xiv,xxiii,42,166,268,283Tohoku,xiv,xxiiTokyo,xiv,xxii,75344IndexTongjiShanghai,xiv,xxii,75Yokohama,25unplannedshutdowns,207unsustainableindustrialeconomyasinherentlyu.
,180subsidiesforu.
solutions,278updates,206upgradeableequipmentdesign,122,187upgrades,122,189fashionu.
,193,235guarantees,122upgrading,177,179JunkersJU52,212kitsforelevators,217navalvessels,210technologyu.
,191–3,201,204,212,225–6costoft.
,219,256usedgoods,189,204,263services,217systems,208waterturbines,208seealsotechnologicalupgradingUpjohnCompany,22UPS,60,75Uri,70urinals,waterless,55,115urine,55U.
S.
Administration,xxii,168,170–2AirForce,209ArmedForces,148Army,201,210,233,239ChemicalStrategiesPartnership,132DepartmentofDefence,141,146EnvironmentallyBenignManufacturing(EBM),260rstUScrossingforhydrogencars,73NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration,141NationalScienceFoundation,260Navy,201mothballingsurplusnavalvessels,211SLEP,210PennsylvaniaTurnpike,127remanufacturingindustry,230sector,229,260usephase,206seealsoutilisationusedgoods,173,192,202,224,263re-usedgoods,253,264user-consumer,181usinggoods,181–3intheLakeandtheLoopEconomy,181–3reusinggoods,6,184,193–8themanpowerissueinreusinggoods,195–6thepars-pro-totoissueinreusinggoods,198,224utilisationadvantagesoflongeru.
,197–8asanopen-endedtimefactor,196costs,182,206exibilityinu.
,96focusonu.
,183,203,219–20intensiveu.
,154,162jobcreationattheplaceofu.
,40liabilitycostsforu.
,90–3marketers,264optimisation,88,102,121,181,204performance,88–93,98,215period,96,100,181,223phase,51,77,187,189risks,96,100sellingu.
,86,90–3,158,185,212sharedu.
,157,162,202systemu.
,90–3theshiftfromconsumptiontou.
,202–6value,87,96,203,253,259–64,266maximisingutilisationv.
,173yearsofu.
,182–3utilitycompanies,54–5,78–9,105–6,135,157,247vacuumcleaners,157,262EdwardsV.
,191insulationpanels(VIP),34,37,121pumps,191Index345VallonInstitute,156,168,172value,123added,12,41,80,133,177addingnewvaluetothebottom-line,128centralnotionofeconomicv.
,85,96chain,101,121commercialv.
,55creationcoupledtoresourcethroughput,180frommanagingphysicalassets,181fromrenewableresources,4,182,266–8,273depreciatedv.
,107,203,261drivenbusinessmodels,15economic.
v,1,43,99,195,203,224,266perunitofresourcesconsumed,84embodiedv.
,181exchangev.
,85,96,181,203increases,96marketv.
,6,193negativev.
ofwaste,266ofnationalheritage,284originalv.
,232perton,277per-ton-of-water(metric),282per-weightratio(metric),xxiii,3–4,Chapter1,62,84,104,154,182,198–200,267,273theshiftfrombulktosmartgoods,9preservation,195,283producedbyservices,176replacementv.
,107,261,262reconstructionv.
,262residualv.
,236,256,266re-valuedassets,62scrapv.
,231–2socialv.
,43statusv.
,96structureoftheeconomy,41,81usev.
,104utilisationv.
,1,87,96,173,203,253,261remainingutilisationv.
,259zerov.
,261Vanguard,168varnish,103Vattenfall,157Vatré,NancyJ.
,xvvehicles,xxiii,12,228antiquev.
,seeoldtimervehiclesbridgetestingv.
,221,258carsharingv.
,164CNGv.
,67dieselv.
,66en-of-lifev.
,173,232,251eetmanagement,111,114exiblefuelv.
,248hydrogenfuelcellv.
,41,75oldtimerv.
,190,202,225,254–6caringindex,255researchv.
,32spacev.
,147speedrestrictions,70VenturiVoltage,64vintagev.
,seeoldtimervehiclesvelcro,235Velocient,124VenturiVoltage,64VeoliaEnvironnement,129Verenium,22verticallyintegratedbusinessstrategies,102Vesuvius,117Vetrum,237ViaducdeMillau,142,149Vienna,60,165,205villagedoctorsinChina,56Vinci,95,126–7vineyards,55vintagecars,seeoldtimercarsVIP,seevacuuminsulatedpanelsVirlogeux,Michel,143virtualwater,282virtuousloops,6,50,56,61–2,79,182,267–73Vishnu,142,285VisionZero,69VLCC,verylargecrudecarrier,215vulcanisationoftyres,238346Indexvulnerabilitiesconcentratedv.
,99,242,250ofcomplexutilisationsystems,203globalproductionsystems,6reducedavailabilityofresources,97systemsolutionsandnetworks,104WallAG,143BerlinW.
,210curtainw.
constructions,219walking-talkingbus,59Wardale,David,209warranty,48,90–2,190,216limitedw.
,233long-termw.
,266returns,216short-temw.
,100washingclothes,23,77–9,130,163machines,23,59,106–8,156,165,190,217EUdirectiveonw.
,236householdw.
,78,108,157semi-commercialw.
,108,156,163upgradingw.
,23seealsolaundromatswaste,140,193,203,261,266agriculturalw.
,22,29–30,137,209aluminium,243behaviour,258breadw.
,248,251business,283carpetbacking,246collection,51,152,194centresinAustria,243combustiblew.
,152consumerw.
,173,188contaminatedw.
,241costs,2,4,14,22,86,90–5,156,175–6reductions,133dairyw.
,248depreciationw.
,266disposal,22,153,175duetoconsumerinsecurity,263electronicw.
,236–7elimination,seewastedisposalend-of-lifebatteryw.
,34w.
,194,243,251end-of-pipew.
,223equalresources,243hazardousw.
,133–4heapNYC,223heat,242industrialw.
,129,214,221,234,239,242,247separation,130internalisationofthecostsofw.
,90–2isfood,189isnotfree,266submittedtoVAT,224legislation,173management,4,99,103,132,152,223manufacturingw.
,5miningw.
(rucksacks),213,244nanow.
,111newmaterialsfromw.
,243newproductsfromw.
,204,225–6,239,240ontheoutputside,51paper,247prematurew.
,205prevention,86,88,145,155,175,182,186,193,238,243,251incentivesforwastep.
,93processw.
,22,38production,22,187–9,241–2,266publicw.
,223secondaryw.
,241solidw.
,230,223spacew.
,233streams,264systemcosts,104,194,270thinkingw.
insteadofthinkingmoney,224,251treatment,5,129,177,281plants,264,279toxicw.
,240urban/municipalw.
,239Index347waste–continuedusefulw.
,240volumes,1,220water,7,130,242,247,249treatment,53–6woodasresource,249wasteintofuel,250woolasresource,248zerow.
,118,189wastefulhabits,222,258waterbombers,239distributionnetworks,206lessurinals,55,115reuseinaclosedloop,247savingcontracting,115supplyinBolivia,7,145,279turbines,209unaccounted-forw.
,206virtualw.
,282wealthandwelfare,291,294consumer-drivenw.
,61conservation,Chapter3,180,209,261creation,1–7,Chapter1,251,261decouplingw.
fromresourceconsumption,81,180economicw.
producers,204fromknowledge,15–16maintained,13,182,267,Chapter3ofphysicalgoods,187SovereignW.
Funds,125substitutingneww.
foroldw.
,13withoutresourceconsumption,xxiii,287–8weaponry,229wearandtear,189–90,214,225excessive,115heavy,188,220WEEEdirectiveoftheEuropeanUnion,236,251weldingbrokenmachinery,204wetlands,constructed,55wetleases,78,105–6wheelsets(railways),111whitegoods,12,117manufacturers,106manufacturersversuselectricutility,78smartw.
,106willfulmisuse,205wind,55,65energy,65,68,112mills,68–9parks,68,75power,75powersector,68–9turbinemanufacturers,68windowpanes,34,37activew.
,37windows,34,40,64,160,225high-energyefciencyw.
,116,204windowshopping,108windscreens,204,235windstorms,271WNSGlobalServices,124wood,19,30,160,214,226,249–50wasteintofuel,250seealsotimberwoodworms,52wool,248work,153,198,208–9assourceofinnovation,260experience,97maintenancew.
,50,261man-hoursofw.
,createdperkgofmaterialconsumed,Chapter3manualw.
,110paintw.
,214periodicw.
,197physicalw.
,168repairandreconstructionw.
,43repetitiousw.
,156usefulw.
,19workscityw.
,135,155ofart,206publicw.
,1,141,202waterw.
,145–50,174workers,46,214,232,281health,housing,156training,196348Indexworkhorses,107,159workplace,166,179workshops,183,191,208–9independentrepairw.
,219,236–7,253mobilew.
,122,264smallw.
scatteredthroughoutthecountry,196,227tradingcraftsw.
,227WorldCongressonMaintenance,219ExhibitionAichi,52,112heritagelist,256population,275,286resourceconsumption,275–8thirdw.
countries,206,236,239,279WarTwo,172,212,218,229,233worn-outsurfaces,209Wrightbrothers,30Wu,M.
K.
,31WyeCollege,23xChange,227Xerox,xxii,89,118,166,172,185,204–5,217,251,254,264Yamamoto,Ryoichi,xiv,13,288–9yingandyang,285YokohamaUniversity,25youngtimercars,255Zeppelin,53,216zeroenergybuildings,51energycosthomes,53–4,156energyhouses,53–4,278faultmanufacturing,266exibility,96Gcontract,147maintenancecomponents,205numbersdividedbyz.
,43pointz.
ofsustainability,278,282resistance,31risk,96transactioncosts,201valuegoods,261VisonZ.
,69waste,118,189waterconsumption,248Zhu,Dajian,xiv,xxii,297zippers,235Zurich,31–2,52,54,60,72,125–6,152–3,163,230electricitycompany,138Websiteswww.
abengoabioenergy.
comwww.
billionairexchange.
comwww.
cooksongroup.
co.
ukwww.
ectiondirect.
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genevaassociation.
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greendiamondtire.
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microgen.
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naprokat.
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oemservices.
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paccar.
ethz.
chwww.
product-life.
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remanufacturing.
orgwww.
remanufacturing.
co.
orgwww.
retromotors.
netwww.
ReUse-computer.
orgwww.
sekisuiheim.
com/englishwww.
ssm.
org/sciencehouseIndex349