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HAUSTORIUMParasiticPlantsNewsletterISSN1944-6969OfficialOrganoftheInternationalParasiticPlantSocietyDecember2008Number54MessagefromtheIPPSPresidentDearIPPSMembers,HappyNewYearandbestwishesfor2009.
WearenowjustafewmonthsawayfromournextParasiticPlantCongress,whichwilltakeplacefromJune8-12inKusadasi,Turkey.
Thesetting,abeautifulMediterraneanresort,promisestoprovideawonderfulatmospherefordiscussionandrelaxation.
Ofcoursethescientificprogramwillalsobeexcellent,showcasingthebestresearchinallaspectsofparasiticplants.
Ifyouhavenotalreadydoneso,startplanningyourcontributionandbesuretonotetheMarch20deadlineforabstractsubmission.
MoreinformationonthemeetingandtheabstractsubmissionprocessisprovidedlaterinthisissueintheForthcomingMeetingssection.
Asanewfeatureofourmeeting,weplantogiveprizesforbeststudentandposterpresentations.
WehopethiswilladdsomefuntotheproceedingsandgiveafewpeoplethenicesurpriseofsomeextraspendingmoneyinKusadasi.
Onamoreadministrativenote,IwanttoupdateyouonsomesubjectsunderdiscussionbytheExecutiveCommittee.
Inordertoenhanceourmissionoffosteringresearchandeducationonparasiticplants,wewanttooverhaulthesocietywebsitetomakeitmoreusefulforIPPSmembersandthegeneralpublic.
Tothisendweareexploringtheoptionofhiringofaprofessionalwebsitemanagerwhocanhelpusdevelopmorefeaturesandimprovetheoverallqualityofthesite.
However,takingonnewfinancialobligationsrequiresthatwealsohavereliableincomefromdues,andthismeansthatweneedastablemembershipandanimprovedmechanismforcollectingdues.
Ithasbeenourpastpracticetocollectduesprimarilyinassociationwithmeetingregistration,whichisconvenient,butmeansthatmemberswhomissameetinghavetheirmembershiplapsewithnoeasywaytorenewit.
Althoughinpracticewehavestillcountedsuchpeopleamongtheactivemembers,thisleadstolessincomeandconfusionwhenitcomestoelectiontimeormakingspecialofferstomembers.
Toresolvethis,wearerevisitingourduescollectionmechanismandhopetointegrateitintotheredesignedwebsitesothatpaymentswouldtakeplaceindependentofmeetings.
Wehopetheresultwillbeasystemthatprovidesthesocietywithaclearmembership,predictableincome,andimprovedservicetoourmembers.
Iwillprovidemoreinformationasweprogresswithourplans,butwelcomeanyinputfromyouduringthisprocess.
Sincerely,JimWestwood,IPPSPresidentISSNREGISTRATIONHaustoriumnowhasitsownISSNnumber!
TheNationalSerialsDataProgram(NSDP)attheLibraryofCongresshasmadeanISSNassignmentforHaustorium(onlineversion)-ISSN1944-6969.
HostspecificityandspeciationinparasiticplantsHostspecificityasadriverofspeciationParasiticplantsshowconsiderablevariationintheirhostspecificity.
Forexample,whilesomeEuropeanspeciesofCuscutacaninfecthundredsoftaxonomicallydiversefamilies,otherssuchasRafflesiaspp.
inSoutheastAsiaparasitizejustoneortwospeciesofTetrastigmavine(Nais,2001).
Althoughthepotentialhostrangeofparasiticplantsisoftenbroad,theperformanceoftheparasitemaybesuboptimalonallbutafewhosts(PressandGraves,1995).
Ithasbeensuggestedthathost-generaliststrategiesmayhaveevolvedamongheterogeneousplantcommunitieswhereparasitescaninfectmanypotentialhosts.
Conversely,wherehostavailabilityismorestable,theselectiveadvantagesofhostspecificitymayoutweighthedisadvantagesofsuboptimalgrowthonsecondaryhosts(NortonandDeLange,1999).
Howeverhostspecificityinparasiticplantsisrelatednotjusttotheabundanceanddiversityofpotentialhosts,butalsotophysiologicalconstraintssuchashostsusceptibilityandresistance;hostspecificityinparasiticangiospermsisusuallyaconsequenceofboththeparasite'sabilitytorecognizeandattackthehostplant,andtheresistanceofthathostplant(MarvierandSmith1997;Yoder2001).
Parasitesthatareisolatedonhostswithdistinctecologiesmaybesubjecttogeneticdivergence.
Forexamplephytophagousinsects(likeparasiticplants)arediscriminateuserswithrespecttothehostplantsonwhichtheyfeed.
Thispatternofhostspecificityappearstohavedrivengeneticdivergence,andultimatelyspeciationintheseinsects(Funketal.
,2002).
Parasiticplantshavereceivedcomparativelylessattentionthanthese'model'insectsfromevolutionarybiologists.
Thismaybebecausehostrangedeterminationinparasiticplantsisproblematic(NortonandDeLange,1999).
ForexamplerootparasitessuchasOrobanchespp.
oftenfloweraconsiderabledistancefromtheirhost.
Inaddition,manyparasiticplantsarealsoexperimentallyintractablesuchasthetropicalRafflesiaspp.
,hencecross-infectionexperimentsusefulfordetermininghostrangearepracticallyimpossibletoconduct.
Thus,ourunderstandingofhostspecificityasapotentialcatalystforspeciationinparasiticplantslagsbehindthatofphytophagusinsects.
Howeverinlightofrecentresearchintoahandfulofhemiparasitesandholoparasites,asimilarpatternofhost-drivenspeciationinparasiticplantsisnowemerging.
Severalinvestigationshaverevealedevidenceofhost-mediatedgeneticdivergenceinhemiparasiticmistletoesintheSantalales.
EarlyworkbyClayetal.
(1985)usedreciprocaltransplantexperimentswhichdemonstratedthatPhoradendronspp.
hadagreaterfitnesswhencultivatedonthelocalhostspeciescomparedwiththosetransplantedtonovelhosts.
Thishostspecificityappearstohaveledtotheevolutionofraceswhicharemorphologicallysimilar,butphysiologicallydistinct.
Laterresearchusingmolecularapproachesconfirmedthepresenceofhost-drivendivergenceinothermistletoespecies;forinstance,NickrentandStell(1990)usedisozymedatatoidentifytwodistincthostracesofhemlockdwarfmistletoe(Arceuthobiumtsugense),inwhichgeneticdiversityhasbeeninfluencedbybothgeographiclocationandhostrange.
Similarly,amolecularanalysisusingAFLPsofthedwarfmistletoeA.
americanumonitsPinushosts,revealedthatbothgeographicalisolationandhostidentityhavecontributedtogeneticraceformationinthisspecies(JeromeandFord2002).
GlaciationsandfoundereffectsmayhavestructuredthegeneticdiversityofArceuthobiumtaxa,andthehostracesidentifiedbythisresearchmaybeinastateofincipientspeciation.
HostspecificityhasalsoledtogeneticdivergenceamongracesoftheEuropeanmistletoe(Viscumalbum).
Host-specificsubspeciesofV.
albumhavebeenidentifiedwhicharemorphologicallyindistinct,yetchloroplastDNA(cpDNA)andnuclearDNAinternaltranscribedspacer(nDNAITS)sequencedatasupporttheirseparationintogeneticallydistinctraces(ZuberandWidmer2000).
Takentogether,thesefindingssuggestthathostraceformationmayhavebeenanimportantpromoteroftaxonomiccomplexityandspeciationinmistletoes,andpotentiallyamongotherhemiparasites.
Host-drivenspeciationinholoparasitesInvestigationsintothetaxonomicandphylogeneticrelationshipsamongtheholoparasiteshavebeenhinderedbytheirextremereductionsinmorphologyandgenomesize(dePamphilisandPalmer1990).
Nonetheless,ahandfulofstudiesindicatethathostspecificitymayalsohaveinfluencedpatternsofspeciationinthispoorlyunderstoodgroup.
Holoparasitesoftenshowpatternsofextremespecialisation.
Forexampleinthebroomrapegenus(Orobanche),mostspecieshaveaverynarrowhostrange(Schneeweiss,2007),andsomearemore-or-lessrestrictedtoasinglehostspeciesforexample:O.
serbicaonArtemisiaalba;O.
lucorumonBerberisvulgaris;andO.
laserpitii-silerisonLaserpitiumsiler.
Ontheotherhand,afewspecieshaveevolvedaverybroadhostrange,forexampleO.
minorparasitizesadiverserangeofangiospermsfromatleast16ordersinboththemonocotsandeudicots(Thorogoodetal.
,inpreparation).
HowevercultivationexperimentshaveshownthatracesofO.
minorthatarephysiologicallyadaptedtoparticularhostsmayexist(MusselmanandParker1982).
Furthermore,molecularmarkerdataindicatethatthisspeciescomprisesmorphologicallycryptictaxawhichareisolatedfromgeneflowbyhostspecificity(Thorogoodetal.
,2008).
Forexample,populationsofO.
minorparasitizingseacarrot(Daucuscarotassp.
Gummifer)aregeneticallyisolatedfromTrifolium-specificpopulationsinBritainbydifferencesinhostecology,andbyinbreeding.
PhylogeneticanalyseshaverecentlyplacedtheholoparasiticfamilyCytinaceaeassistertotherecentlydescribedneotropicalMuntingiaceaeintheMalvales(Nickrent,2007).
Cytinusspp.
intheMediterraneanandMacaronesiashowmarkedtrendsintheirhostspecificity,andarerestrictedtohostswithintheCistaceae.
ForexampleC.
hypocistisoccursonseveralCistusspp.
andHalimiumspp.
,howeverpopulationsappeartoshowpatternsofspecificityatalocallevel(ThorogoodandHiscock,2007).
Inaddition,molecularAFLPdataalsoindicatethatdistinctraceshaveevolvedalongsideinfragenericsectionsoftheCistaceaeataregionallevelintheMediterraneanBasin(deVegaetal.
,2008).
Thus,intheCytinusgenus,hostspecificityappearstohavebeenanimportantdriverofgeneticdivergenceamonglocalpopulations,andspeciationonaregionalscaleInsummary,hostraceformation,coupledwithcrypticmorphology,mayhavecontributedtothetaxonomiccomplexityassociatedwithparasiticplants.
Givenourrudimentaryunderstandingoftheevolutionofmanyfamilies,andthecomplexityofhost-parasiterelationships,hostspecificitymaybeanunderestimateddriverofspeciationinparasiticplants.
ReferencesClayK.
etal.
1985.
AmericanJournalofBotany72:1225–1231.
FunkD.
J.
etal.
2002.
Genetica116:251–267.
JeromeC.
A.
andFordB.
A.
2002.
MolecularEcology11:387-405.
MarvierM.
A.
andSmithD.
L.
1997.
ConservationBiology11:839–848.
MusselmanL.
J.
andParkerC.
1982.
EconomicBotany36:270–273.
NaisJ.
2001.
SabahParks,KotaKinabalu.
NickrentD.
L.
andStellA.
L.
1990.
BiochemicalSystematicsandEcology18:267-280.
NickrentD.
L.
2007.
Taxon56:1129–1135.
NortonD.
A.
andDeLangeM.
A.
1999.
FunctionalEcology13:552–559.
SchneeweissG.
M.
2007.
JournalofEvolutionaryBiology20:471–478.
dePamphilisC.
W.
andPalmerJ.
1990.
Nature348:37–339.
PressM.
C.
andGravesJ.
D.
1995.
Chapman&Hall,London.
ThorogoodC.
J.
andHiscockS.
J.
2007.
ResearchLettersinEcology:84234.
ThorogoodC.
J.
etal.
2008.
MolecularEcology17:4289–4303.
deVegaC.
etal.
2008.
NewPhytologist178:875–887.
YoderJ.
L.
2001.
CurrentOpinioninPlantBiology4:359–365.
ZuberD.
andWidmerA.
2000.
MolecularEcology9:1069–1073.
ChrisJ.
ThorogoodSchoolofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofBristol,WoodlandRoad,Bristol.
BS81UG.
U.
K.
E-mail:chris.
thorogood@bristol.
ac.
ukThepotentialofRhizobiummutantsforbiologicalcontrolofOrobanchecrenataPea(PisumsativumL.
)isthemostwidelygrowngrainlegumeinEuropeandthefourth-mostintheworld.
OrobanchecrenataisarootholoparasiticplantwhichconstitutesthemajorconstraintforpeacultivationintheMediterraneanareaandMiddleEast.
Themostfeasiblemethodofcontrolisbreedingforresistantgenotypesalthoughlittleresistanceisavailablewithincultivatedpea(Rubialesetal.
,2003).
DifferentmechanismsinvolvedinresistanceagainstOrobanchehavebeenidentifiedinseveralhostspecies,suchascellwalldeposition,vesselocclusion,accumulationofphenoliccompounds,necrosisasinthehypersensitiveresponse(HR)(Goldwasseretal.
,2000).
Geneexpressionassociatedwithphytoalexinsynthesisandjasmonicacid(JA)pathwayshavebeendescribedinthehostwhileparasiticplant-plantinteractionisestablished(Griffittsetal.
,2004,JoelandPortnoy1998,Westwoodetal.
,1998).
Althoughithasbeendemonstratedthatsomegenesassociatedwiththesalicylicacid(SA)pathwayarenotinducedinthehostbyOrobancheinfection(Griffittsetal.
,2004),theefficacytodecreasethelevelofOrobancheinfectionbyexogenousapplicationoftheSAsyntheticanaloguebenzothiadiazole(BTH)(Sauerbornetal.
,2002),demonstratesthatdefenceagainstOrobancheisinduciblethroughtheSApathway.
Pea(Fabaceae)isabletoestablishspecies-specificsymbiosiswithRhizobiumleguminosarumbv.
viceae.
Thissymbioticcoexistenceisestablishedbyacomplexsignalexchangeinitiatedbytheexudationofphenoliccompoundsbythehostroots,mainlyflavonoids.
ThesecompoundsactivatetheexpressionofanumberofgenesinthesymbioticbacteriawhichinducethesecretionofasignalmoleculecalledtheNodfactor.
Nodfactorisakeymoleculeinthespecificrecognitionofthehostbythesymbioticbacteriawhichtriggersinthehostanumberofresponseswhichallowthesymbioticcolonization(Perretetal.
,2000).
InaRhizobium-legumecompatibleinteraction,defencesmediatedbydifferentregulatorysignalsareinducedinthelegumeplant.
HoweverthisdefenceistransitoryandthelegumeplantrapidlyrecognizesthecompatibleRhizobiumasapartner.
SomecompatibleRhizobiumstrainshavebeenreportedtodecreaseO.
crenatainfectionsinpea,beingadefencemediatedthroughactivationofoxidativeprocess,LOXpathwayandproductionofpossibletoxiccompounds,includingphenolicsandpisatin,inhibitinggerminationofO.
crenataseedsandcausingabrowningreactioningerminatedseeds(Mabrouketal.
,2007).
Ontheotherhand,Martínez-Abarcaetal.
,1998demonstratedthatanincreaseinSAisobservedwhentheplantsareinoculatedwithanincompatibleRhizobiumunabletosynthesizetheNodfactor.
ItleadsustothinkofthepossibilitytoinducedefenceagainstOrobanche,mediatedthroughtheSApathway,bytheinoculationofincompatibleRhizobium.
Toachievethat,wetreatedO.
crenata-inoculatedpeaswithR.
leguminosarum248,mutantnodC-andwefoundareductionof74%inO.
crenatainfection.
ThismutantisalteredinrespecttotheproductionoftheproteinNodCwhichdirectsthesynthesisofthechitinoligosaccharidebackbonesofRhizobiumLCOs(Kamstetal.
,1997).
OurresultssuggestthattheuseofnodC-RhizobiummutantstostimulatedefenceinOrobanchesusceptiblepeaplantsmediatedbySApathway.
References:Goldwasser,Y.
,Plakhine,D.
,Kleifeld,Y.
,Zamski,E.
andRubin,B.
2000.
ThedifferentialsusceptibilityofVetch(Viciaspp.
)toOrobancheaegyptiaca:Anatomicalstudies.
AnnalsofBotany85:257-262.
Griffitts,A.
A.
,Cramer,C.
L.
andWestwood,J.
H.
2004.
HostgeneexpressioninresponsetoEgyptianbroomrape(Orobancheaegyptiaca).
WeedScience52:267-703.
Joel,D.
M.
andPortnoy,V.
H.
1998.
TheangiospermousrootparasiteOrobancheL.
(Orobanchaceae)inducesexpressionofapathogenesisrelated(PR)geneinsusceptibletobaccoroots.
AnnalsofBotany81:779-781.
Kamst,E.
,Pilling,J.
,Raamsdonk,LM.
,Lugtenberg,B.
J.
J.
andSpaink,H.
P.
1997.
RhizobiumNodulationProteinNodCIsanImportantDeterminantofChitinOligosaccharideChainLengthinNodFactorBiosynthesis.
JournalofBacteriology179(7):2103-2108.
Mabrouk,Y.
,Zourgui,L.
,Sifi,B.
,Delavault,P.
,Simier,P.
,andBelhadj,O.
2007.
SomecompatibleRhizobiumleguminosarumstrainsinpeasdecreaseinfectionswhenparasitizedbyOrobanchecrenata.
WeedResearch47:44-53.
Martínez-AbarcaF.
,Herrera-CerveraJ.
A.
,BuenoP.
,SanjuánJ.
,BisselingT.
,andOlivaresJ.
1998.
InvolvementofsalicylicacidintheestablishmentoftheRhizobiummeliloti-Alfalfasymbiosis.
Mol.
PlantMicrobeInteract11:153-155.
Perret,X.
,StaehelinC.
,&BroughtonW.
J.
2000.
Molecularbasisofsymbioticpromiscuity.
Microb.
Mol.
Biol.
Rev.
64:180-201.
Rubiales,D.
,Pérez-de-Luque,A.
,Cubero,J.
I.
andSilleroJ.
C.
2003a.
Crenatebroomrape(Orobanchecrenata)infectioninfieldpeacultivars.
CropProtection22:865-872.
Sauerborn,J.
,Buschmann,H.
,Ghiasvand,G.
andKogel,K.
H.
2002.
BenzothiadiazoleactivatesresistanceinSunflower(Helianthusannuus)totheroot-parasiteweedOrobanchecumana.
Phytopathology92:59-64.
Westwood,J.
H.
,Yu,X.
,Foy,C.
L.
andCramer,C.
L.
(1998)Expressionofadefenserelated3-Hydroxy-3-MethylglutarylCoAreductasegeneinresponsetoparasitizationbyOrobanchespp.
Mol.
Plant.
MicrobeInteract11:530-536.
MónicaFernández-Aparicio1,Maria-JoséSoto1,DiegoRubiales2,JuanAntonioOcampo1,andJosé-ManuelGarcía-Garrido11EstaciónExperimentaldeZaidín,CSIC,Granada,Spain2InstitutodeAgriculturaSostenible,CSIC,Córdoba,SpainStrigaasiaticainNepal.
Strigaasiatica(L.
)Kuntzeisanannualseriousrootparasiteinmanycropslikesorghum,corn,sugarcane,andmillet.
Itisthemostwidespreadwitchweedintheworldandcausesgreateconomiclossinagriculture.
Theflowercolorvaries;itcanbered,deepred,white,palepink,oryellow.
Leavesareopposite,linear,entire,sessile,roughwithsmallpricklesorscabrid-likesandpaper.
Theplantremainsgreyorgreenevenafterdrying.
ThisweedwascollectedinNawalparasidistrict,Nepal.
NawalparasiisoneofthesixdistrictsofLumbinizonecoveringterai,innerterai,andhillyareas.
Geographically,itliesbetween26o12'-27o47'northlatitudeand86o36'-84o35'eastlongitudewithaltituderangingfrom100-1936m.
Thespecimenwascollectedin1991byDr.
JagatDRanjitinafieldofmixedcroppingofmaize,pigeonpeaandmillet.
Theflowercolorwaslightpink.
Researchers,techniciansandfarmersarenotveryfamiliarwiththisweed.
ThepresenceofS.
asiaticainthiscountryisathreatandtheweedmustbeconsideredaseriousproblemnomatterhowlittlethefieldisinfested.
VoucherspecimensarepreservedintheAgronomyDivision,NepalAgricultureResearchCouncil(NARC),inKhumaltar.
JagatD.
RanjitLyttonJ.
MusselmanUPDATESFROMTHEPARASITICPLANTCONNECTIONSeptember2008ItmayseemfromthelongperiodoftimebetweenthisandthelastreportthatnothingwasbeingdonetotheParasiticPlantConnection(http://www.
parasiticplants.
siu.
edu/).
Suchisnotthecase!
Therehavebeenanumberofupdatesand,asyouwouldexpect,additionsofnumerousphotographs.
Anumberoffamilyallianceshavechangedowingtoinformationobtainedfrommoleculardata.
ThisisespeciallytrueformembersofSantalales.
Withinthisorder,twonewgenerahavebeennamed(StaufferiaandPilgerina,bothin'Santalaceae'fromMadagascar)andamongholoparasiticOrobanchaceae,thegenusEremitillawasnamedanddescribed.
PreviousmolecularworkplacedRafflesiaceaesensustrictoinMalphighiales,butadditionalworkshoweditisrelatedtoEuphorbiaceae.
TheoriginalstudythatseparatedCynomoriaceaefromBalanophoraceaealsoshowedthelattertobeaffiliatedwithSantalales.
Thisresulthasbeenconfirmedbytwoadditionalandindependentstudies.
Fromthese,itshouldbeapparentthatthereismuchworktakingplacewithparasiticplantsandthatinterestinthemisincreasing.
December2008Thewidespreaduseofdigitalcamerashasresultedinavirtualexplosionofphotographsontheinternet!
Moreover,thesearmiesofprofessionalandamateurphotographersaresharingtheirphotoswiththeworldbypostingonwebsitessuchasFlickrandPicasaweb.
Ihaverecentlyconductedaseriesofsearches,mainlyontheFlickrwebsite,forphotographsofparasiticplants.
Thisresultedinliterallythousandsofhits,manyofwhichareofspeciesnotpreviouslyshownontheParasiticPlantConnection.
Severalhundredlinkstoindividualphotosorphotosetswerethenadded.
Thismethodofsharingphotoshasthebenefitofnotrequiringseparateserverspaceforimagestoragebuthasapossibledownsideiftheselinksarenotstableovertime.
Enjoytherichnessanddiversitythataddingtheselinksprovides!
DanNickrent,SouthernIllinoisUniversity,Carbondale,USAnickrent@plant.
siu.
eduPRESSRELEASES'Fournewcowpeavarietiesreleased'30October2008TheSavannaAgriculturalResearchInstituteoftheCouncilofScientificandIndustrialResearchhasreleasedfournewvarietiesofcowpeathathavethepotentialtoincreasesignificantlythelevelofproductionfrom50to100percentandalsotheincomeofcowpeaproducers.
AstatementissuedbytheDirectorofCropServicesoftheMinistryofFoodandAgriculturenamedthevarietiesasBawutawuta,Songotra,Padi-TuyaandZaayura.
Itsaidthenewlydevelopedvarietiesweretestedundersoleandadditiveseriesintercroppingconditionsinon-stationtrialsforthreeyears(2005-2007)andadaptivetrialswithfarmersforanotherthreeyears(2006-2008).
Theyweredevelopedtoaddresstheconstraintsoflowyieldpotentialsofexistingvarieties,susceptibilitytoinsectpestsandStrigagesneriodesinfection,poorsoilfertilityandterminaldroughtwhichmilitateagainstcowpeaproduction.
Thevarieties,thestatementsaid,wereadaptedtosolecroppingconditions,withgrainyieldvariationsof1.
6to2.
5tonsperhectareintheGuineaSavannazonecomparedwith0.
75to1.
2tonsperhectareintheSudansavannazone.
Itsaidthroughtheformalandinformalsensoryevaluations,thesevarietieshadbeenshowntohaveverygoodcookingqualitiesforkosei,watseandtubanipreparations.
'Thesevarietiescombinedhighyieldsandrelativelylargergrainsizeswithhighlevelsofresistancetoaphids,bruchidsandStrigagesnerioidesandthereforehavethepotentialofreducingthecostofproductionandstorage.
'CowpeaisoneofthemostimportantgrainandfodderlegumecropsinGhanaandover75percentofannualnationaloutputisrealisedinthethreenorthernregions,whichliewithintheGuineaandSudanSavannahzones.
GhanaNewsAgency'Moreyield,lesscroplossfromnewStriga-resistantmaize'18December2008IITA,Ibadan,Nigeria–MaizefarmersinWestandCentralAfrica(WCA)couldsoonenjoyincreasedharvestsandreducedcroplossesduetoStrigawiththeintroductionoftwonewresistantvarieties-TZLComp1SynW-1(Sammaz16)andIWDC2SynF2(Sammaz15)-developedbyIITAinpartnershipwiththeInstituteforAgriculturalResearch(IAR),Zaria,Nigeria.
Sammaz16,alate-maturingmaizevariety,produces3.
2tonsperhectareunderheavyStrigaconditions.
Evenunderextremeinfestation,harvestlossfromthisvarietyislessthan10%.
ItalsoexhibitssignificantlylessStrigadamageandsupportsfeweremergedparasitesthanthesusceptiblefarmers'varieties.
Italsohasgoodplantandearqualitiesandishighly-toleranttorootandstalklodging.
Thecropcouldbeharvestedwithin110-120days.
Ontheotherhand,Sammaz15,anintermediate-maturingvariety,couldyield4.
42tonsperhectare,whichis23%higherthantheaverageproductionoflocalvarietiesunderStrigainfestation.
AsidefrombeingresistanttoStriga,Sammaz15isalsohighly-toleranttorootandstalklodging,hasgoodearandplantaspects,andexcellenthuskcover.
Thecropisreadyforharvest100-110daysafterplanting.
Thesevarieties,whichhavebeenreleasedearlythismonth,weretestedincroptrialsconductedbyIITAandIARinNorthernNigeria.
'TheresultsoftrialsofSammaz15andSammaz16showgreatpotentialforincreasedmaizeproductionnotonlyinNigeriabutalsoinothercountriesintheWCARegionbycuttinglossesduetoStrigaand,consequently,boostingfarmers'incomes,'saysAbebeMenkir,IITAmaizebreeder.
InthemoistsavannahofcoastalandcentralSub-SaharanAfrica,Striga,orwitch-weed,causesmaizeyieldlossesamountingtoaboutUS$7billionyearlyandadverselyaffectingthelivelihoodsandfoodsecurityofmorethan130millionpeopledependentonthecropintheseregions.
TheparasiticplantisendemicinAfricaandconstitutesthemostimportantbioticconstrainttocerealsproduction,withinfestedareasestimatedbetween21to50millionhectares.
'ThereareseveraloptionsavailableforthecontrolofStrigainmaize,butthemosteconomically-feasible,easilyaccessible,safeandsustainableapproachistheuseofresistantortolerantcultivarsthatresource-poorfarmerscancultivatesolelyorincombinationwithculturalmanagementoptionsaswellasinrotationwithlegumesthatpromotesuicidalStrigagermination,'addsMenkir.
Inthepastfewyears,buoyedbytherecentglobalfoodcrisis,maizehasseenasignificantincreaseindemand,withutilizationofthecropforfood,feedandotherindustrialuseshittingwellover100milliontonsperannum.
Africaproducesabout26milliontonsofmaizeannually,withNigeriacontributingabout7milliontons.
Formoreinformation,pleasecontact:AbebeMenkir,a.
menkir@cgiar.
orgJeffreyT.
Oliver,o.
jeffrey@cgiar.
orgGodwinAtser,g.
atser@cgiar.
orgIITA,Ibadan,NigeriaMEETINGS2ndSymposiumonthebiologyofnon-weedyhemiparasiticOrobanchaceae,eskéBudějovice,August27th–30th2008.
Thefirstsymposiumonthebiologyofnon-weedyhemiparasitic(ex-)ScrophulariaceaeheldinWageningen,theNetherlandsin2004wasorganisedbyDrSinyterBorgandcolleaguesasadiscussionforumforparasiticplantresearchersworkinginanon-agronomiccontext.
Thatfirstmeetinghadastrongfocusonthecommunitylevelimpactsofparasiticplants,especiallyRhinanthusspecies.
Inthelatestmeeting,organisedbyMilantech,JakubTěitelandJanLepattheUniversityofSouthBohemia,CzechRepublic,therewasashiftinfocustoamorediverserangeoftopicsfrommolecularsystematicsandconservationgeneticstowholeorganismphysiologyandmathematicalmodelling.
DuncanCameronandcolleagues(UniversitiesofSheffield,WürzburgandBeijingNormalUniversity)investigatedthepropertiesofnitrogen-fixing,leguminoushoststhatmakethemsuchgoodhostsforRhinanthusminor.
Cameronetal.
hypothesisedthatcompatibleaminoacidsthatareeasilyassimilatedbytheparasitemayunderpinthehostqualityoflegumesforR.
minor.
Throughinvestigationofhostandparasiteaminoacidprofiles,Ncontent,ABArelationsandhaustoriaanatomyCameronetal.
showedthattheabilityofthehosttofixNpersedidnotunderpinhostquality;ratherthehighsusceptibilityofthesehostsandthewelldevelopedhaustoriaformedasaresultappeartobetheprimaryfactorsinfluencinghostqualityinthelegumes.
FanJiangandcolleagues(BeijingNormalUniversityandtheUniversitiesofSheffieldandWürzburg)alsoinvestigatedthephysiologyofnutrientacquisitionbyR.
minorharnessingthephysiologicaldichotomybetweenthepolyol-richparasite(primarilymannitol)anditslargelypolyol-freehostbarley.
Usingthishost-parasitesystem,Jiangetal.
investigatedtheroleofmannitolintheacquisitionoftheessentialmicronutrientboron,knowntoformphloem-solublecomplexeswithpolyolssuchasmannitol.
Usingtheincrementalflowmodeltechnique,Jiangetal.
providethefirstquantitativeevidenceforboronpartitioningshowingsignificantlymoreBrecyclingintheparasitecomparedwiththatinthehost.
Ai-RongLiandKai-YunGuan(KunmingInstituteofBotany,China)againlookedatnutrientacquisitionthistimefocussingontherelativeimportanceofarbuscularmycorrhizasfortheuptakeofnutrientsbyChinesespeciesofPedicularis.
Lietal.
showedthatdespitetheassumptionsthatparasiticplantsaregenerallynon-mycorrhizal,themajorityofthePedicularisspeciesstudiedengageintri-partitesymbiosesformingarbuscularmycorrhizalassociationswithfungiwhilstalsoforminghaustoriaonhostplants.
Lietal.
demonstratedthatarbuscularmycorrhizalassociationssignificantlyenhancethegrowthofcolonisedplantsandthusconcludethatPedicularishasatleasttwotrophicstrategiesinitslife,parasitismofotherplantsandmineralnutrientacquisitionviamycorrhizalfungalsymbionts.
Inthetwosubsequentpresentations,PavelFibichandJanLep(UniversityofSouthBohemia,CzechRepublic)employedmathematicalmodellingtoinvestigatetheinfluenceofcommunityproductivityontheeffectsofhemi-parasitesonhostcommunities.
Atlowandintermediateproductivities,thehostandparasiteareabletoco-existwiththeparasitedominatingintheformerscenarioandthehostinthelatterscenario.
Incommunitieswithhighproductivity,thepersistenceoftheparasiteisunstableandcangoextinctinthecommunityasaresultofincreasedcompetitionforlight.
FollowingthepredictionsofFibichandLep,OndejMudrákandJanLep(UniversityofSouthBohemia)providedexperimentalsupportshowingthattheextentofparasite-inducedsuppressionofthegrassesinacommunityfacilitatedbyRhinanthusminorisstronglyinfluencedbythenutrientstatusofthesoilwithR.
minormortalityhighestandparasite-inducedsuppressionofthegrasseslowestunderhighnutrientconditions.
TheshiftsinthephysiologyofR.
minorduringitstransitionbetweenfree-livingplantandparasitizingahostwereinvestigatedbyFanJiangandcolleagues(BeijingNormalUniversityandUniversityofWürzburg).
Jiangetal.
removedthebarleyhostofR.
minor14daysafterattachment,these'host-freeattached'plantsweresimilarintermsoftheirgrowthanddevelopmentwhencomparedwithparasitesstillattachedtotheirhost.
However,incontrastwithattachedparasites,host-freeattachedparasitesdeveloped'normal'stomatalbehaviour.
Twoexplanationsforthesechangeswerediscussed;1)thesupplyofdissolvedorganicnitrogenbythedegradinghostrootsystemand2)apossibleincreaseingrowthpromotingsoilmicroorganismsusingthedegradinghostrootsystemasasubstrate.
RenateA.
Wesselingh(UniversitéCatholiquedeLouvain,Belgium)investigatedvariationinfloweringtimeinRhinanthusangustifolius.
Earlyflowering'vernal'andlateflowering'aestival'ecotypeswereidentified;vernalecotypesflowerearly,havefewbranchesandarerelativelysmallwhileaestivalplantsarebigger,havemorebranchesandflowerinmid-season.
Thesedifferencesarelinkedtothenumberofnodesproducedbeforethefirstflower.
Moreover,within-populationdifferencesinfloweringtimemayalsobeexplainedbydifferencesinnodenumber,justasamongecotypes.
Inthefinaltalkofthesession,FengGao(UniversityofSheffield)presentedpreliminaryworkforherPhDprojectinvestigatingtheeffectsofPedicularisandCastillejaonhostcommunitiesandtheirpotentialusetomanageurbanlandscapesduetothehighamenityvalueoftheseparasites.
TheMelampyrum-Rhinanthus-EuphrasiagroupformsacladewithinthehemiparasiticOrobanchaceae,andrepresentsanimportantcomponentoftheEuropeanflora.
Howeverthephylogeneticrelationshipswithinthisgroupareonlypoorlyresolved.
JakubTěitelandcolleagues(UniversityofSouthBohemia)aimedtoresolvethephylogeneticrelationshipswithinthisgrouptoaveryfinedetailusingtaxafromallgenera.
TheinitialresultsbasedonnDNAITSsequencedataarelargelyconcordantwithrecentphylogeneticstudiesofthisfamily.
Theyshowedthe'presenceofaperenniallifehistoryandplantswithrhizomeasaplesiomorphyintheevolutionofthewholegroup,exceptforthemostbasalgenusMelampyrum'andhypothesisedthattheannuallifecycle(apredominantfeatureofthemajorityofEuropeanspecies),appearstohaveevolvedindependentlyonmultipleoccasions.
JeromeVranckenandRenateA.
Wesselingh(UniversitéCatholiquedeLouvain)investigatedlarge-scalegeneticrelationshipsbetweenRhinanthusminorandR.
angustifolius.
Interestingly,thisstudyrevealedadisparitybetweencpDNAandnDNAdata,whichappearstobetheresultofpastandcurrentgeneflowbetweenthesespecies.
R.
minorandR.
angustifoliuswerefoundtosharecommoncpDNAhaplotypes.
Ananalysisofthegeographicdistributionofthesesharedhaplotypesrevealedapatternofasymmetricintrogression,andpossiblechloroplastcaptureofR.
minorbyR.
angustifolius.
Inaddition,AFLPdataindicatedthepresenceofhybridisationevents,confirmedthepatternofasymmetricintrogressionidentifiedbycpDNAdata,andalsosuggestedthatR.
minorislessaffectedbyinter-specificgeneflowthanR.
angustifolius.
VéroniqueDucarmeandRenateA.
Wesselingh(UniversitéCatholiquedeLouvain)furtherinvestigatednaturalhybridizationbetweenRhinanthusminorandR.
angustifoliususingadominantmarker-basedapproach.
RAPDsandISSRsidentifiedbilateralintrogression,butgeneflowtoR.
angustifoliusappearedtobemoreprominent.
InvestigationsintothebreedingsystemsofthesespeciesrevealedthatR.
angustifoliusismostlyoutcrossingwhereasR.
minorislargelyselfing;thehigheroutcrossingrateofR.
angustifoliushasprobablyincreasedtheprobabilityofbackcrossingwiththisspecies.
Finally,ahydricvariationstudyshowedthatR.
angustifoliuswasasfitasR.
minor,orout-competedthisspeciesunderallconditionsinvestigated,suggestingalowerenvironmentalresiliencemayhavecontributedtothedeclineofR.
minorobservedinnaturalpopulations.
ChrisThorogoodandcolleagues(UniversityofBristol)discussedtheirinvestigationsintothehostspecificityofOrobancheminor,andhowthisprocessmayhavedrivenecologicaldivergence.
PopulationsofO.
minorparasitizingredcloversandseacarrotsinNorthernEuropeweremorphologicallycontinuous,yetgeneticallydistinctaccordingtoISSRmarkersandSCAR-basedsequencedata.
ThesegeneticraceswerethencultivatedinareciprocalcrossexperimentusingPetridishbioassaysandpotstorevealthatpopulationsarealsophysiologicallyadaptedtotheirlocalhosts.
Finally,cytochemicalstainingandcross-pollinationsrevealedthatpopulationsofO.
minorareselfingandprobablyinbreeding,whichmayreinforcepatternsofgeneticandphysiologicaldivergence.
Together,thesedatasuggestthathostspecificitymaybeanimportantdriverofspeciationinparasiticplantssuchasO.
minor.
Milantechandcolleagues(UniversityofSouthBohemia)gaveanoutlineofanewprojectinvestigatinggeneticvariationandphylogeographicpatternsinthetaxonomicallycomplicatedMelampyrumsubalpinumgroupincentralEurope.
Hybridisation,coupledwithanunusualdiversityofecologicalnichesandhostplantsareproposedtohavecontributedtothetaxonomiccomplexityofthisgroupinCentralEurope.
Thisthree-yearstudywillcombineinvestigationsintophenotypicplasticityandmorphometricanalysiswithgeneticapproachestoovercomethetaxonomicdifficultiesassociatedwiththisgroup.
InthefinalsessionRhiannonCrichton(RBGEdinburghandUniversityofAberdeen,UK)gaveanoutlineofherPhDprojectinvestigatingthe'ConservationgeneticsofMelampyrumsylvaticum',anationallyscarcehemiparasiteintheUKthathassuffereda70%lossindistributionoverthelast100years.
RhiannonaimstodiscoverhowbesttomanagethegeneticdiversityofM.
sylvaticumintheUK.
Intheconcludingpresentationofthemeeting,JakubTěitelandcolleagues(UniversityofSouthBohemia)discussedtheirinvestigationintothegeneticdiversityintheMelampyrumsylvaticumgroupintheAlps,CarpathiansandHercynianMassif.
Theevolutionaryhistoryofthecomplexwasinvestigatedusinggeometricmorphometrics,alongwithnDNAITSandcpDNAtrnL-trnTsequencedata.
Datafromallmarkerscorroboratedtwodistinctgroups:awesternlineageandaneasternlineage.
ThepronouncedmoleculardifferentiationoftheselineagesindicatestheymaybeofPleistoceneorigin,andsuggeststheymayconstitutedistinctspecies.
Transitionalpopulationsmaythereforebetheresultofrecenthybridisationbetweentheselineages.
Furthermore,thedatarefutedthetraditionaldelimitationoftheCarpathianmicrospeciesM.
herbichiiandM.
saxosum,highlightingtheimportanceofacombinedmorphometricandmolecularmarker-basedapproach.
Aspecialissueofthejournal"FoliaGeobotanica"willbepublishedinlate2009/early2010highlightingthedevelopmentsinunderstandingthebiologyofnon-weedymembersoftheOrobanchaceaepresentedatthemeeting.
DuncanCameron(UniversityofSheffield,UK)ChrisThorogood(UniversityofBristol,UK)Paperspresented:JanaBubníkováandJanLep-TheinteractionoffertilizationandremovalofRhinanthusminoronswardproductivity,speciescoveranddiversity.
DuncanCameronetal.
-DoeslegumenitrogenfixationunderpinhostqualityforthehemiparasiticplantRhinanthusminorJanChlumskandMilantech-GeneticdiversityanddistributionofMelampyrumsubalpinumgroupintheCentralEurope:preliminarypreview.
RhiannonCrichton-ConservationgeneticsofMelampyrumsylvaticum.
VéroniqueDucarmeandRenateA.
Wesselingh-EcologicalandgeneticaspectsofnaturalhybridizationbetweenRhinanthusminorandR.
angustifolius.
PavelFibichandJanLep-Themodelofpopulationdynamicsofroothemiparasiticplantsalongaproductivitygradient.
FengGao-Roleofhemiparasitesinthedevelopmentofthenaturalisticherbaceousvegetation.
FanJiangetal.
-GrowthanddevelopmentofthefacultativeroothemiparasiteRhinanthusminorafterremovalofitshost.
FanJiangetal.
-MobilityofBoron-polyolcomplexesinthehemiparasiticassociationbetweenRhinanthusminorandHordeumvulgare:theeffectsofnitrogennutrition.
Ai-RongLiandKai-YunGuan-NutrientstrategiesofroothemiparasiticPedicularis(Orobanchaceae)fromthenorthwestofYunnanProvince,China.
OndejMudrákandJanLep-InteractionsofRhinanthusminorwithitshostplantcommunityattwonutrientlevels.
LaurentNatalisandRenateA.
Wesselingh-Pollinatorbehaviour,pollentransferandhybridformationbetweenRhinanthusminorandR.
angustifolius.
Milantechetal.
-AddressinggeneticvariationandphylogeographicpatternintheMelampyrumsubalpinumgroup.
árkaSvobodováandMilantech-MorphologicalvariabilityofEuphrasiastrictaandEuphrasianemorosaintheCzechRepublic.
JakubTěiteletal.
-TheMelampyrumsylvaticumgroupinCentralEurope–comparisonamongvariationpatternsintheAlps,CarpathiansandHercynianMassif.
JakubTěiteletal.
-PhylogenyandlifehistoryevolutionoftheMelampyrum-Rhinanthus-Euphrasiaclade–initialresultsbasedonITSsequencedata.
ChrisThorogoodetal.
-Host-drivendivergenceintheparasiticplantOrobancheminor(Orobanchaceae)JeromeVranckenandRenateA.
Wesselingh-Large-scalegeneticrelationshipsbetweentwoRhinanthusspecies.
RenateA.
Wesselingh-Countingnodes:timingoffloweringintheannualRhinanthusangustifolius.
JoergWunderetal.
-TheMelampyrumnemorosumgroupintheregionofTrentino/SouthTyrol.
Managingparasiticweeds:integratingscienceandpractice.
Ostuni,Italy,September21-26,2008.
Thisinternationalmeeting,attendedbythirtyparticipantsfrom11countries,wasarrangedbytheEuropeanWeedResearchSociety(EWRS)ParasiticWeedsResearchGroupwithfinancialsupportfromtheCooperativeResearchProgrammeofOECD(OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment),theNationalResearchCouncilofItalyandtheWeizmannInstitute,Israel.
'Thegroupdiscussedhownewideas,newapproaches,newsolutions,ornewmethodologiescomingfromdifferentfieldsofapplicationarebeginningtoandmayfurtherbeusedinthefieldasthescienceprogresses.
Theydescribedanddiscussedhoweachtechnologyshouldbeintegratedwithotherstosynergisticallyeffectreliablecontrol,whilereducingweedseedbankssothatsusceptiblecropscanbepartofarotation.
Afurtheraimoftheconferencewastocreateanetworkofnewrecruitsandexperiencedscientiststhatcouldhave,findorcreatenewopportunitiestocollaborateinthisfieldofsciencethatrequiresaglobalcollaborativeapproach.
Inthisperspective,linkshavealsobeencreatedwithscientistsworkingwithmanyotherhost-parasiteinteractions,orwithsymbioticinteractions.
Thisisbecauseparasiticweedscaninteract,forexample,withthehostplantsusingthesamerootsignalsusedbyplantstoattracttheirsymbioticorganisms,suchasrhizobiaorarbuscularmycorrhizalfungi;mechanismsofplantresistancecanhavecommonpathwayswithphytopathogenicfungi;molecularapproachescanhavethesameproceduresasthestudyofotherplantspecies.
Hencethissmallconferencewasproposedandorganized,witharestrictednumberoftopscientistsworkingonmanydifferentaspectsofplantparasitism,orincloselyrelatedfields,sharingtheirideasandexpertise,andbringingsolutionsfromtheorytopractice,fromthelabtothefield.
'(fromEWRSNewsletter)Thepaperspresentedarelistedbelow.
TheyarenotdiscussedorsummarisedhereastheywillbepublishedinaspecialissueofPestManagementScience,toappearlaterin2009.
Thisissueconsistsofpeer-reviewedresearchpapersandreviewsarisingfromthemeeting.
TheissueiseditedbyJonathanGresselattheWeizmannInstituteofScienceinIsrael,andMaurizioVurroattheNationalResearchCouncilinItaly.
Formoreinformationontheissue,pleaseemailAlexandraCarrick(alcarric@wiley.
com).
TheTableofContentsisavailablefrommaurizio.
vurro@ispa.
cnr.
itSingleprintcopiesofthisexcitingissueareavailableforsaletoreadersfor85US$+p&p–a50%discountonthestandardissueprice.
Therewillbealimitedprintrun,sopleaseordersoontoavoiddisappointment.
Toorder,emailcs-journals@wiley.
co.
ukorphone+441243843335.
TheindividualpaperswillbelistedandreviewedinthenextissueofHaustorium.
However,abstractsoffourothercontributionswhichwillnotbeincludedinthePestManagementScienceissuealsoappearbelow.
Presentingauthorsandtitles(fullauthorshipnotindicated)ErwinBalazs,MaurizioVurroandJonathanGressel–Introduction.
ChrisParker-ObservationsonthecurrentstatusofOrobancheandStrigaproblemsworldwide.
JohnYoder-EngineeringhostresistanceagainstparasiticweedswithRNAinterference.
KoichiYoneyama-Strigolactones;structuresandbiologicalactivities.
HarroBouwmeester-Strigolactones:ecologicalsignificanceanduseasatargetforparasiticplantcontrol.
BinneZwanenburg-Structureandfunctionofnaturalandsyntheticsignalingmoleculesinparasiticweedgermination.
DanielM.
Joel-Isseed'conditioning'essentialforOrobanchegerminationConsueloM.
DeMoraesandMarkC.
Mescher-Hormone-mediatedplantdefenceresponsestoparasiticplantsandotherantagonists.
MariaJ.
Harrison-Lasermicrodissectionanditsapplicationtoanalyzegeneexpressioninthearbuscularmycorrhizalsymbiosis.
DavidG.
Lynn-Parasiticangiosperms,semagenesis,andgeneralstrategiesforplant-plantsignalingintherhizosphere.
JianxiongLi,KarolinaE.
Lis,andMichaelP.
Timko-MoleculargeneticsofracespecificresistanceofcowpeatoStrigagesnerioides.
(notpresented)JulieD.
Scholes-AmajorQTLforresistanceofricetotheparasiticplantStrigahermonthicaisnotdependentongeneticbackground.
JamesH.
Westwood-RNAtranslocationbetweenparasiticplantsandtheirhosts.
AlejandroPérez-de-Luque-Nanotechnologyforparasiticplantcontrol.
AntonyM.
Hooper-NewgeneticopportunitiesfromlegumeintercropsforcontrollingStrigaspp.
parasiticweeds.
DRubiales-Breedingapproachesforcrenatebroomrape(OrobanchecrenataForsk.
)managementinpea(PisumsativumL.
).
MaurizioVurro-Naturalmetabolitesforparasiticweedmanagement.
AlanWatson-IntegratingFusariumoxysporumf.
sp.
strigaeintocerealcroppingsystemsinAfrica.
DavidC.
Sands-Methodsforselectinghypervirulentbiocontrolagentsofweeds:WhyandHow.
JonathanGressel-TransformingaNEP1toxingeneintotwoFusariumspp.
toenhancemycoherbicideactivityonOrobanche–failureandsuccess.
BrianG.
Rector-Asterile-femaletechniqueproposedforcontrolofcertainparasiticandintractableweeds:advantages,shortcomings,andriskmanagement.
SarahJHearne-Control;theStrigaconundrum.
MaurizioVurroandJonnyGresselaretobethankedandcongratulatedontheexcellentarrangementsforthismeeting,notleastfortheexcellenceofthefood,whichatonepointincludedadelicacyspeciallypreparedbyMaurizio–marinatedOrobanchecrenata.
Recipeprovidedonrequest!
ChrisParker.
Abstractsof4additionalitemspresentedattheabovemeeting:Unravellingthestrigolactonebiosyntheticpathway:nutrientdeficiencyandABAregulationJuanAntonioLopez-Raez1,WouterKohlen1,TatsianaCharnikhova1,RadoslavaMatusova1,PatrickMulder2,CarolienRuyter-Spira1,CatarinaCardoso1,FrancelVerstappen1,3,HarroBouwmeester1,31LaboratoryforPlantPhysiology,Wageningen,TheNetherlands2RIKILT,InstituteofFoodSafety,ditto3PlantResearchInternational,dittoStrigolactonesaresignallingmoleculesplayingadoubleroleintherhizosphereashostdetectionsignalsforarbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)fungiandrootparasiticplants,andactingasashootbranchinginhibitionhormone.
Strigolactonesarebiosyntheticallyoriginatingfromcarotenoidsthroughtheactionofcarotenoidcleavageenzymes.
Thebiosynthesisofthesesignallingcompoundsistightlyregulatedbyenvironmentalconditionssuchasnutrientavailability,mainlyphosphate(Pi).
However,althoughitisknownthatlimited-Piconditionsimprovetheproductionand/orexudationofstrigolactones,thereisnoinformationconcerningtheeffectofthesestressconditionsontheenzymesinvolvedinstrigolactoneproduction.
Wehaverecentlydemonstratedthattomatoisagoodsystemtostudytheproductionandregulationoftheseimportantsignallingcompounds.
Here,wefocusonthebiosyntheticoriginofstrigolactones,andananalysisofPistarvation-inducedchangesingeneexpressionintomatorootsusingamicroarraystudyisdescribed.
Inaddition,therelationshipofthesesignallingcompoundswiththecarotenoidsandthehormoneabscisicacid(ABA)willbediscussed.
Maizegerminationstimulantscharacterizationandquantification.
TatsianaCharnikhova1,JuanAntonioLopez-Raez1,PatrickMulder2,BartSteenbergen1,JacquesVervoort3,PieterdeWaard3,MuhammadJamil1andHarroBouwmeester1.
1LaboratoryofPlantPhysiology,Wageningen,TheNetherlands,2RIKILT,InstituteofFoodSafety,ditto3LaboratoryofBiochemistry,dittoMaize(Zeamays)isanimportantfoodcropinNorthandSouthAmerica,Africa,Asia,EuropeandisahostofthedevastatingrootparasiticweedStrigahermonthica(Bouwmeeteret.
al.
2003;Matusovaaet.
al.
2005).
Inthisstudy,germinationstimulantsforrootparasitesproducedbydifferentcultivarsofmaizesuchasDent,A188,H99,hybridsA188xH99,WH502,HP3253andmaizemutantswereinvestigated.
Characterizationandquantificationofstrigolactonesinmaizerootexudatesweredonebycomparingretentiontimes,MRMtransitionsandMS2-spectrumsofgerminationstimulantswiththoseofstrigolactonestandards(sorgolactone,strigol,orobanchol,5-deoxystrigol,solanacolandorobanchylacetate)usingultraperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledtotandemmassspectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).
InmaizeDentrootsexudateswefound5-deoxystrigol,strigolandsorgolactone.
MaizecultivarsA188andH99andmaizehybridsA188xH99,WH502,HP3253werefoundtoexudesmallamountsofknownstrigolactonessuchasorobanchol,strigol,orobanchylacetate,sorgolactonebutalso5unknown(new)germinationstimulants.
TheirtentativeidentificationandstructureelucidationbyLC/MS/MRM,MS2andNMRwillbediscussed.
References:Bouwmeester,H.
J.
,Matusova,R.
,Zhongkui,S.
andBeale,M.
H.
2003.
Secondarymetabolitesignalinginhost-parasiticplantinteractions.
CurrentOpinioninPlantBiology6(4):358–364.
Matusova,R.
,Rani,K.
,Verstappen,F.
W.
A.
,Franssen,M.
C.
R.
,Beale,M.
H.
andBouwmeester,H.
J.
2005.
hestrigolactonegerminationstimulantsoftheplant-parasiticStrigaandOrobanchespparederivedfromthecarotenoidpathway.
PlantPhysiology139:920–934.
Chemicalcontrolofbroomrape–anoverviewJosephHershenhornDepartmentofPhytopathologyandWeedResearch,NeweYa'arResearchCenter,Israel.
josephhe@volcani.
agri.
gov.
ilDuringthelastdecadeschemicalcontroldemonstratedgreatsuccessincontrollingvariousweeds.
However,fieldsuccessinthecontroloftheweedyrootparasitesOrobancheandStrigawasscarcelydocumented.
Theonlyherbicidesknowntocontrolbroomrapesbelongtotheacetolactatesynthase(ALS)inhibitingherbicides–sulfonylureasandimidazolinones.
However,themainobstacleinachievingadequatebroomrapecontrolisthelowsafetymarginofthesetwogroupsofherbicidestowardmostofthecrops,whicharesensitivetotheparasite.
Sincethemaindevelopmentalstagesoftheparasiteoccursunderground,thereisalackofknowledgeastotheratesneededforeffectiveherbicidecontrol,thenumberofapplications,andaboveallthetimingofapplication.
Thesulfonylureaherbicidesareactivethroughthesoilsolution.
Therefore,overheadirrigationisneededtodrivetheherbicideintotherelevantsoilprofile.
Ontheotherhandtheimidazolinonesactsystemically,penetratingtheplantthroughthecropfoliage,translocatedtotheinfectedroots,andsuckedbytheattachedparasiteuntilreachingalethaldosewhichkillsit.
AsuccessfulprotocolforcontrollingOrobancheaegyptiacainprocessingtomatowasdevelopedinIsraelandregisteredforcommercialuse.
Thesuccessfulcontrolinheavilyinfestedfieldsinvolvesthreesulfosulfuronapplicationsfollowedbyoverheadirrigation(bysprinklersormovingpivot)andtwoapplicationsofimazapicstartingat63daysafterplanting.
Duringthelast3years,minirhizotroncameraobservationsweremadeinexperimentsconductedincommercialprocessingtomatofieldsinvariousclimaticregionsinIsrael.
TheobservationsenabledustodefinethedynamicsofO.
aegyptiacadevelopmentascorrelatedwithGrowthDegreeDays(GDD).
Italsoenableddefiningthelengthoftime,inGDDunits,duringwhichtheherbicideremainsactiveinsoil.
Basedontheminirhizotroninformation,adecisionsupportsystem(DSS,namedPick-Itver.
1.
0)wasdeveloped.
TheDSSisintendedforusebythegrowersinIsrael.
Itdirectsthegrowertothemosteffectivetreatmentsforbroomrapecontrolaccordingtotheestimatedinfestationlevelinhisfield.
Theeffectofbranchedbroomrape(Orobancheramosa)infectiononfruitqualityoftomato.
LongoA.
M.
G.
,LoMonacoA.
andMauromicaleG.
DipartimentodiScienzeAgronomiche,AgrochimicheedelleProduzioniAnimali,UniversitàdegliStudidiCatania,Catania,Italy.
e-mail:amg.
longo@unict.
itBranchedbroomrape(OrobancheramosaL.
)isthemostwidespreadanddamagingofthebroomrapespecies,affectinglargeareasofsolanaceous(primarilytobacco,potato,tomatoandeggplant)crops,acrosstheMediterraneanBasin,NorthAfricaandAsia.
InItaly,itisresponsibleforsignificantyieldlossesintobacco,cabbageandbothfield-andgreenhouse-growntomato.
Needlesstosay,fruitqualityandcompositionareimportantcomponentstoimprovethemarketablevalueoftomatoesbutnodataareavailableintheliteratureabouttheinfluenceofthebroomrape.
Theaimofthepresentresearchwastoevaluatethechangesinphysicalcharacteristicsandchemicalcompositionoftomatoesinrelationtobranchedbroomrapeinfection.
Thefieldstudywasconducted,overthe2004-2005season,onthecoastalplainofSiracusa(Sicily),southernItaly.
Inordertogrowtomatoplantsbothintheabsenceandinthepresenceofbranchedbroomrape,theexperimentalarea,naturallyinfestedbyO.
ramosabeforetheexperiments,wasfirstsolarizedbycoveringwitha30mtransparentpolyethylenefilmfrom2Julyto17September2004.
Twodaysafterplanting,branchedbroomrapeseedwasmixedwithfinelysievedsandandplacedinasoillayeratadepthof10-15cmuniformlyaroundthehostplant.
Overtheharvestingperiodphysical(freshweight,drymatter,colour,firmness,mesocarpthickness,andseednumber)andchemicalfruitdeterminations(reducingsugar,solublesolids,ashcontent,titratableacidity,pHandvitaminC)werecarriedout.
Underthespecificconditionoftheseexperiments,thepresenceofbranchedbroomrapewassignificantlyandclearlyassociatedwithareductionoffreshanddryweight,mesocarpthickness,redcolour,firmness,titratableacidity,reducingsugars,solublesolid,ashandvitaminCcontentoftomatoes.
Onthecontrary,thenumberofseedsperfruitsignificantlyincreasedininfectedplants.
InternationalSymposiumonbroomrape(Orobanchespp.
)insunflower,Antalya,Turkey,Nov30toDec.
3,2008.
ThepathogeniccompositionofOrobanchecumanapopulationsinsunflowerfieldshasrapidlychangedinrecentyears,withnewaggressiveracescausingheavydamageinparticularinEasternEurope,TurkeyandSpain.
Forthisreasonmorethaneightyparticipants,fromfifteencountriesattendedtheOrobanche-sunflowermeetinginAntalya(Turkey)on30November-3December2008.
ThemeetingwascarefullyorganizedbytheTrakyaAgriculturalResearchInstituteincollaborationwiththeTurkishPlantBreedersAssociation,theInternationalSunflowerAssociationandtheFAO,andchairedbyDrYalcinKaya.
Thevenuewasapleasant'AllIncluded'hotelontheTurkishMediterraneancoast,whichallowedcalmandfruitfuldiscussions.
ThemeetingwasmainlydedicatedtoreportsonnewOrobancheresistancesinsunflowerandtoadetaileddiscussionoftheidentificationofthenewO.
cumanaracesinthevariouscountriesofbroomrapeistribution.
Thereforemostoftheparticipantswerepeopleinvolvedinsunflowerbreeding.
Aftertwointroductorylecturesonbiologicalaspectsofhost-parasiteinteraction,themeetingincludedanupdateonthebroomrapeprobleminvariouscountries,anddetaileddiscussionsontheuseofIMI(imidazolinoneresistant)sunflowercultivarsincombinationwithresistancetoO.
cumana,andonthecombinationofverticalandhorizontalOrobancheresistancemechanismsinthesamegenotypeformoredurableresistance.
MolecularstudiestoidentifyQTLsassociatedwithbroomraperesistancegenes,aswellaspyramidizationofdifferentresistancegenesandcombinationofdifferentresistancemechanismshavealsobeenpresentedintheconference.
Theneedtointegrateanytreatmentofbroomrapewithinthecontextofthemanagementofotherweedsinsunflowerfieldshasbeenemphasized.
ThistopicwillbefurtherdiscussedduringthecomingIPPSCongressinJune2009.
WewillthenhaveaspecialsessiononthedistributionofthevariousO.
cumanaracesandtheiridentificationbysunflowerdifferentialsandbymolecularmarkers,andwillalsodedicatetimeforthediscussionofintegratedOrobanchemanagementinsunflowerandinothercrops.
Someofthepaperslistedbelowwillbepublishedin'Helia'.
DannyJoelPaperspresented:Hniges,A.
etal.
Orobancheresistanceinsunflower.
Joel,D.
M.
andPlakhine,D.
-SeedconditioningofOrobancheinagriculturalfields:ecophysiologicalaspects.
Bülbül,F.
etal.
-Broomrape(Orobanchespp.
)problemintheeasternMediterraneanregionofTurkey.
Dedi,B.
etal.
-Currentstatusofbroomrape(OrobanchecumanaWallr)inSerbia.
Fernández-Escobar,J.
etal.
-sunflowerbroomrape(OrobanchecumanaWallr.
)inCastilla-León,atraditionallynonbroomrapeinfectedareainNorthernSpain.
PacureanuJoita,M.
etal.
-Virulenceandaggressivenessofsunflowerbroomrape(OrobanchecumanaWallr.
)populations,inEurope.
Christov,M.
etal.
-ThewildspeciesHelianthus-sourceofresistancetotheparasiteOrobanchecumana.
Jinga,V.
etal.
-BehaviorofsomesunflowercultivaratthebroomrapeattackinRomania.
Gontcharov,S.
V.
-SunflowerbreedingforresistancetothenewbroomraperaceintheKrasnodarregionofRussia.
Hladni,N.
etal.
-TheuseofnewRfinbredlinesoriginatingfrominterspecificpopulationwithH.
deserticolafortheproductionofsunflowerhybridsresistanttobroomrape.
Melero-Vara,J.
M.
etal.
-TheperformanceofsunflowerhybridsresistanttoraceFofOrobanchecumanaWall.
innaturallyinfestedfields.
Kaya,Y.
etal.
-Theevaluationofbroomraperesistanceinsunflowerhybrids.
Antonova,T.
S.
etal.
-Thevirulenceofbroomrape(OrobanchecumanaWallr.
)populationsonsunflowerinsomeregionsofNorthernCaucasus.
Gunduz,O.
andGoksoy,A.
T.
-Determinationofsuperiorhybridcombinationsinsunflowerandtestinghybridperformanceinbroomrape(OrobanchecumanaWallr.
)infestedareas.
Fernández-Martínez,J.
M.
etal.
-OngoingresearchstrategiesforsunflowerbroomrapecontrolinSpain.
Dicu,G.
etal.
-ImprovingsunflowerforresistancetoOrobancheandsulfonylureasherbicides-sunflowerhybridPF100.
Esmaailifar,A.
etal.
-ControlofbroomrapeinIran.
Demirci,M.
andKaya,Y.
-StatusofOrobanchecernuaLoefl.
andweedsinsunflowerproductioninTurkey.
FORTHCOMINGMEETINGSThe10thWorldCongressonParasiticPlantswillbeheldinKusadasi,Turkey,June8-12,2009.
Contributionandparticipationfromresearchers,industryandallrelevantpeopleonanyweedyornon-weedyparasiticplantisencouraged.
Theprogrammewillconsistoforalpresentationsandposters.
TheOrganizersandScientificCommitteewillselectspeakersforthesessiontopicsonthewebsitefromthesubmittedabstracts.
Therefore,ifyouwishtobeconsideredforatalk,pleasesubmityourabstractbyMarch20.
Submityourabstractonthewebsitehttp://www.
ippsturkey.
com/default.
asplink=abstract.
TheabstractswillbedisseminatedtosymposiumregistrantsinaSymposiumAbstractBook.
Eachabstractwillbeonepage.
Tosubmitabstract:1.
Composethebodyofyourabstractusing10pointandArialfontinyourownwordprocessingprogramme.
Pleaselimititto300-350words.
Pleasecheckspellingandgrammar.
Donotincludeeitherthetitleofyourabstractortheauthors'namesandaddressesinthattext,thetitleandauthorswillbeenteredseparately.
2.
Whenyouarereadytosubmityourabstract,haveavailablethenames,addressesande-mailsofyourco-authors(ifany).
Pleaseindicatepresenting/attendingauthor.
3.
Pleaseindicatetwosessionsintheorderofrelevance.
Thescientificcommitteewillallocateyourpresentationdependingonallsubmissions.
Sessions:EvolutionandphylogenyofparasiticplantsParasitebiochemistryandphysiology(includingmolecularbiology)Ecologyandpopulationbiologyofparasiticspecies.
Host-parasitecommunication(includinggerminationstimulation,haustorialinduction,etc.
)Hostandnon-hostresponsestoparasitismParasiticweedmanagement(includingeconomics)RegulationandphytosanitionBreedingforparasiticplantcontrolSpecialtopics1:biologicalaspectsofmistletoes(orhemiparasites)Specialtopics2:climatechangeandparasiticplantsSpecialtopics3:Orobanchecumana4.
Pleaseshowyourpreferenceasoralorposter.
However,theultimatedecisionwillbemadebythescientificcommittee.
5.
SubmityourabstractonlinenolaterthanMarch20,2009.
6.
Fororalpresentations,presentingauthorshouldregisterbeforeApril17,2009.
7.
ForposterpresentationsoneauthorshouldregisterbeforeMay2,2009tohaveyourabstractpublished.
OrganizationCommitteeContactforscientificqueries:AhmetUludag(secretary@ippsippsturkey.
com).
Forregistrationandaccommodationqueries:DenizYanarServi(info@ippsturkey.
com).
Orrefertotheconferencewebsite:www.
ippsturkey.
com.
GENERALWEBSITESForindividualweb-sitepapersandreportsseeLITERATUREForinformationontheInternationalParasiticPlantSociety,pastandcurrentissuesofHaustorium,etc.
see:http://www.
ppws.
vt.
edu/IPPS/ForpastandcurrentissuesofHaustoriumseealso:http://www.
odu.
edu/~lmusselm/haustorium/index.
shtml(nowupdatedandfunctional)Forinformationonthe10thWorldCongressonParasiticPlantsinKusadasi,Turkey,June8-12,2009,see:http://www.
ippsturkey.
comForabstractsfromthe9thWorldCongressonParasiticPlantssee:http://www.
cpe.
vt.
edu/wcopp/index.
htmlFortheODUparasitesitesee:http://www.
odu.
edu/~lmusselm/plant/parasitic/index.
phpForLyttonMusselman'sHydnorasitesee:http://www.
odu.
edu/webroot/instr/sci/plant.
nsf/pages/lecturesandarticlesForDanNickrent's'TheParasiticPlantConnection'see:http://www.
parasiticplants.
siu.
edu/ForTheMistletoeCenter(includingacomprehensiveAnnotatedBibliographyonmistletoes)see:http://www.
rmrs.
nau.
edu/mistletoe/ForinformationontheEUCOST849Project(nowcompleted)andreportsofitsmeetingssee:http://cost849.
ba.
cnr.
it/ForinformationontheEWRSWorkingGroup'Parasiticweeds'see:http://www.
ewrs.
org/parasitic_weeds.
aspFortheParasiticPlantsDatabaseincluding'4000entriesgivinganexhaustivenomenclaturalsynopsisofallparasiticplants'(lastupdated2003),theaddressis:http://www.
omnisterra.
com/bot/pp_home.
cgiForadescriptionandotherinformationabouttheDesmodiumtechniqueforStrigasuppression,see:http://www.
push-pull.
netFortheworkofForestProductsCommission(FPC)onsandalwood,see:http://www.
fpc.
wa.
gov.
auForpastandfutureissuesoftheSandalwoodResearchNewsletter,see:http://www.
jcu.
edu.
au/mbil/srn/index.
html(Contentsofissues22and23havenotbeennotedinHaustorium–tobeincludedinHaustoriium55)ForinformationontheworkoftheAfricanAgriculturalTechnologyFoundation(AATF)onStrigacontrolinKenya,includingperiodical'StridesinStrigamanagement'newsletters,see:http://www.
aatf-africa.
org/LITERATURE*indicatesweb-sitereferenceonly*AATF.
2007.
StridesinStrigamanagement.
NewsletterIssue1.
AfricanAgriculturalTechnologyFoundation(http://www.
aatf-africa.
org/UserFiles/File/Strides_Issue-1_Dec07.
pdf)(RecordingthecommercialisationofIR(imidazolinone-resistant)maizeseedas'Strigaway'forcontrolofStriga,andnotingprojectsforitspromotioninSouthAfrica,TanzaniaandUgandaaswellasinKenya.
)*AATF.
2008.
StridesinStrigamanagement.
NewsletterIssue2.
AfricanAgriculturalTechnologyFoundation(http://www.
aatf-africa.
org/UserFiles/File/Strides_Issue-2_Mar08.
pdf)(Recordingtheplacementofover600demonstrationsofIRmaizeinUganda.
Alsothearrangementoftrainingforstockistsanddistributorsofthe'Strigaway'seed.
)*AATF.
2008.
StridesinStrigamanagement.
NewsletterIssue3.
AfricanAgriculturalTechnologyFoundation(http://www.
aatf-africa.
org/newsdetail.
phpnewsid=115)(ReportingontheSTEPandFISTprojectsinW.
Kenya.
WehopetohavemoreontheseinHaustorium55)Abbes,Z.
,Kharrat,M.
,Simier,P.
andChabi,W.
2007.
Characterizationofresistancetocrenatebroomrape(Orobanchecrenata)inanewsmall-seededlineofTunisianfababeans.
Phytoprotection88(3):83-92.
(ReportingahighdegreeofresistanceinfababeanlineXBJ90.
03-16-1-1-1-1,leadingtodoubletheyieldofasusceptiblecheck,apparentlyassociatedwithlowstimulantproductionandadeeperrootsystem.
)Abdalla,M.
M.
F.
,Darwish,D.
S.
,Shafik,M.
M.
andEl-Wahab,M.
M.
H.
A.
2007.
Investigationsonfababeans,ViciafabaL.
21-selectionforOrobanche-toleranceinsegregatinggenerationsoffababean.
EgyptianJournalofPlantBreeding11(1):317-333.
(Recordingsomesuccessinselectionofmoreresistantand/ortolerantlinesoffababean.
)Adamou,I.
,Pierre,N.
J.
,Pogenet,P.
,Tchimbi,B.
andGonlaina,G.
2007.
SoildegradationintheSudano-guineasavannasofMbe,Cameroon:farmers'perception,indicatorsandsoilfertilitymanagementstrategies.
ResearchJournalofAgricultureandBiologicalSciences3(6):907-916.
(40%offarmersinthehumidsavannasrecogniseStrigahermonthicaasanindicatoroflowsoilfertility.
)Adrian-Romero,M.
,Blunden,G.
,Patel,A.
V.
,Armstrong,N.
,Meléndez,P.
andCuervo,A.
C.
2007.
BetainesandN-methylprolinesfromVenezuelanplants.
NaturalProductCommunications2(8):863-868.
(N-methylprolineswereisolatedfromfourspeciesofLoranthaceae(unspecifiedinabstract).
)Aflakpui,G.
K.
S.
,Bolfrey-Arku,G.
E.
K.
,Anchirinah,V.
M.
,Manu-Aduening,J.
A.
andAdu-Tutu,K.
O.
2008.
IncidenceandseverityofStrigaspp.
inthecoastalsavannazoneofGhana:resultsandimplicationsofaformalsurvey.
OutlookonAgriculture37(3):219-224.
(65%offarmerssurveyedreportedStriga(presumablyS.
hermonthica)inmaize,5%eachincowpea(presumablyS.
gesnerioides)andinmillet.
Occurrencehadapparentlyincreasedgreatlyoverthepast40years.
)Ajeigbe,H.
A.
,Singh,B.
B.
andEmechebe,A.
M.
2008.
Fieldevaluationofimprovedcowpealinesforresistancetobacterialblight,virusandstrigaundernaturalinfestationintheWestAfricanSavannas.
AfricanJournalofBiotechnology7(20):3563-3568.
(Mainemphasisonbacterialblightbutincidentalrecordingawiderangeofresponsesof25cowpealinestoStrigageseneriodes.
Noidealcombinationofresistances.
)Alexandrov,V.
andDimitrov,S.
2007.
Responseofintroducedsunflowerhybridstobroomrape(OrobanchecumanaW.
).
BulgarianJournalofAgriculturalScience13(5):521-527.
(Of16introducedhybrids,nonewereimmunebutonewas'resistant'and9showedmoderateresistance.
)Alla,M.
M.
N.
,Shabana,Y.
M.
,Serag,M.
M.
,Hassan,N.
M.
andEl-Hawary,M.
M.
2008.
GranularformulationofFusariumoxysporumforbiologicalcontroloffababeanandtomatoOrobanche.
PestManagementScience64(12):1237-1249.
(Fourdifferentwheatflour-kaolinformulationsofmicroconidiaandchlamydosporesfromF.
oxysporum(FoxyIandFoxyII)gaveexcellentsuppressionofO.
ramosaandO.
crenata.
Amicroconidia-richformulationhadthebestshelflife.
)Ameloot,E.
,Verlinden,G.
,Boeckx,P.
,Verheyen,K.
andHermy,M.
2008.
ImpactofhemiparasiticRhinanthusangustifoliusandR.
minoronnitrogenavailabilityingrasslands.
PlantandSoil311(1/2):255-268.
(InastudyconductedinBelgium,presenceoftheRhinanthusspp.
resultedinreducedgrassandlegumegrowthandhencereducedtotalNinabovegroundvegetation.
TotalNinthesoilwasincreasedbutwasrelativelylessavailable.
)Amudavi,D.
M.
,Khan,Z.
R.
,Midega,C.
A.
O.
,Pickett,J.
A.
,Lynam,J.
andPittchar,J.
2008.
Push-pulltechnologyanddeterminantsinfluencingexpansionamongsmallholderproducersinWesternKenya.
In:Jayaratne,K.
S.
U.
(ed.
)Proceedingsofthe24thAnnualConference,AssociationforInternationalAgriculturalandExtensionEducation,CostaRica,March9-15,2008:38-50.
(Describingeffortstoextendthepush-pulltechnologyincludingDesmodiumforStriga-controlandnotingdifficultiesinthesupplyofDesmodioumseedandinthemarketsystemsneededtoincreaseuptake.
)AritraPal,Debreczeni,J.
.
,MadhumatiSevvana,Gruene,T.
,Kahle,B.
,Zeeck,A.
andSheldrick,G.
M.
2008.
StructuresofviscotoxinsA1andB2fromEuropeanmistletoesolvedusingnativedataalone.
ActaCrystallographicaSectionD,BiologicalCrystallography64(9):985-992.
Babalola,O.
O.
andOdhiambo,G.
D.
2007.
Klebsiellaoxytoca'10mkr7'stimulatesStrigasuicidalgerminationinZeamays.
JournalofTropicalMicrobiologyandBiotechnology3(2):13-19.
(SuggestingthattherhizobacteriumK.
oxytocaisaplantgrowthpromoterandcanstimulatesuicidalgerminationofStrigahermonthica.
)Badu-Apraku,B.
,Fakorede,M.
A.
B.
andLum,A.
F.
2008.
S1familyselectioninearly-maturingmaizepopulationsinStriga-infestedandStriga-freeenvironments.
CropScience48(5):1984-1994.
(S1recurrentselectionwaseffectiveinimprovinggrainyieldandresistancetoS.
hermonthicaintwoearly,whiteandyellow,maizepopulations.
)Bacieczko,W.
andMyliwy,M.
2008.
ThedistributionofOrobanchepallidifloraWimm.
&Grab.
inPoland.
FoliaUniversitatisAgriculturaeStetinensis,Agricultura,Alimentaria,PiscariaetZootechnica260(5):5-13.
(TherareandendangeredO.
pallidifloraoccursatonly40sitesinPoland.
Distributionandhabitataredecribed.
)Bar-Nun,N.
andMayer,A.
M.
2008.
Methyljasmonateandmethylsalicylate,butnotcis-jasmone,evokedefensesagainstinfectionofArabidopsisthalianabyOrobancheaegyptiaca.
WeedBiologyandManagement8(2):91-96.
Barcelona,J.
F.
,Pelser,P.
B.
,Cabutaje,E.
M.
andBartolome,N.
A.
2008.
AnothernewspeciesofRafflesia(Rafflesiaceae)fromLuzon,Philippines:R.
leonardi.
Blumea53(1):223-228.
(R.
leonardimostcloselyresemblesR.
lobataandR.
manillanabutdiffersinitsflowersize,anddiskthatlacksallbutrudimentaryprocesses.
)Barea,L.
P.
2008.
Nest-siteselectionbythePaintedHoneyeater(Grantiellapicta),amistletoespecialist.
Emu–AustralOrnithology108(3):213-220.
(NestingofthisbirdspecieswaspredominantlyinAcaciahomalophylla,theprincipalhostforAmyemaquandang,whileatleasthalfthesenestswereinthemistletoeitself.
)Barina,Z.
andPifkó,D.
2008.
NeworinterestingfloristicalrecordsfromAlbania.
ActaBotanica50(3/4):231-236.
(RecordingtheoccurrenceofOrobanchelavandulaceaneartheAdriaticcoast.
)Barkman,T.
J.
,Bendiksby,M.
,Lim,S.
H.
,Salleh,K.
M.
,Nais,J.
,Madulid,D.
andSchumacher,T.
2008.
Acceleratedratesoffloralevolutionattheuppersizelimitforflowers.
CurrentBiology18(19):1508-1513.
(DiscussingtherateofincreaseinflowersizeinRafflesiaceae,of20to90cm/millionyears,andconcludingthattheycouldcontinuetogetbigger.
)BasantBallabh,Chaurasia,O.
P.
,ZakwanAhmedandSingh,S.
B.
2008.
TraditionalmedicinalplantsofcolddesertLadakh-usedagainstkidneyandurinarydisorders.
JournalofEthnopharmacology118(2):331-339.
(ReviewingtheuseofarangeofmedicinalplantsincludingSantalumalbum.
)Benvenuti,S.
2008.
(Parasitizationdynamicsandseeddispersalofdodder(Cuscutacampestris)onhost-weedspresentonwinter-wheatstubbles.
)(inItalian)In:Brunelli,A.
(ed.
)GiornateFitopatologiche2008,Cervia(RA),12-14marzo2008,Volume1:485-492.
(Notingaveryhighseed-bankofC.
campestrisseeds,of10,000to20,000/m2andverylowannualgerminationof1%.
Alsotheimportanceofweedhosts,especiallyAmmimajus,andtheneedtodestroythemsoonaftercropharvesttopreventparasiteseedproduction.
)Besserer,A.
,Bécard,G.
,Jauneau,A.
,Roux,C.
,Séjalon-Delmas,N.
2008.
GR24,asyntheticanalogueofstrigolactones,stimulatesthemitosisandgrowthofarbuscularmycorrhizalfungusGigasporaroseabyboostingitsenergymetabolism.
PlantPhysiology148:402-413.
(Minimalreferencetoparasiticplants,butusefulobservationsonthemodeofactionofstrigolactonesinG.
rosea.
)Bhardwaj,SK.
andLaura,J.
S.
2008.
AntibacterialactivityofsomeplantextractsagainstRathyibactertritici.
Biosciences,BiotechnologyResearchAsia5(1):283-288.
(ExtractsofCuscutareflexawerethirdmostactiveof20speciesagainstR.
tritici–causalagentoftunduinwheat.
)Bolin,J.
F.
,Maass,E.
,andMusselman,L.
J.
2009.
PollinationbiologyofHydnoraAfricanaThunb.
(Hydnoraceae)inNamibia:Broodsitemimicrywithinsectimprisonment.
InternationalJournalofPlantScience170(2):157-163.
(Describesthemechanismswherebytheflowertrapsandholdspollinators,chieflyDermestesmaculates,toensuredustingoftheinsectbodywithpollen.
)Boutiti,M.
Z.
,Souissi,T.
andKharrat,M.
2008.
EvaluationofFusariumaspotentialbiologicalcontrolagainstOrobancheonFababeaninTunisia.
In:Julien,M.
H.
,Sforza,R.
,Bon,M.
C.
,Evans,H.
C.
,Hatcher,P.
E.
,Hinz,H.
L.
andRector,B.
G.
(eds)ProceedingsoftheXIIInternationalSymposiumonBiologicalControlofWeeds,LaGrandeMotte,France,22-27April,2007:238-244.
(Of149FusariumstrainsisolatedfrominfectedOrobanchecrenataandO.
foetidatwoweretestedfurtherinpots,resulting,withsuitableformulation,in100%controlofbothspecies.
)Braun,N.
A.
,Butaud,J.
F.
Bianchini,J.
P.
,Kohlenberg,B.
,Hammerschmidt,F.
J.
,Meier,M.
andRaharivelomanana,P.
2007.
EasternPolynesiansandalwoodoil(SantaluminsulareBerteroexA.
DC.
)-adetailedinvestigation.
NaturalProductCommunications2(6):695-699.
(AnalysisofessentialoilsconfirmedthecloserelationshipofEasternPolynesian(S.
insulare)toEastIndian(S.
album)andNewCaledonian(S.
austrocaledonicumvar.
austrocaledonicum)sandalwoodoils.
)Brocke,C.
,Eh,M.
andFinke,A.
2008.
Recentdevelopmentsinthechemistryofsandalwoododorants.
In:Kraft,P.
andSwift,K.
A.
D.
(eds.
)Chemistry&Biodiversity5(6):1000-1010.
(Describingthepreparationof3novelsandalwoodoils,anddiscussingtheirsensorypropertiesandstructure-odourrelationship.
)Büssing,A.
,Trger,W.
,Stumpf,C.
andSchietzel,M.
2008.
LocalreactionstotreatmentswithViscumalbumL.
extractsandtheirassociationwithT-lymphocytesubsetsandqualityoflife.
AnticancerResearch28(3B):1893-1898.
(ResultsindicatethattheinductionofmoderatelocalreactioninresponsetoV.
albumextractapplicationwasassociatedwithbetterTcellfunctionandqualityoflifethanwhenastrongreactionoccurred.
)Butaud,J.
F.
,Gaydou,V.
,Bianchini,J.
P.
,Faure,R.
andRaharivelomanana,P.
2007.
DihydroxysesquiterpenoidsfromSantaluminsulareofFrenchPolynesia.
NaturalProductCommunications2(3):239-242.
(CompoundswithantibacterialandantifungalactivitiesidentifiedinS.
insularemaycontributetotherecognizedactivitiesofthismaterialinPolynesiantraditionalmedicine.
)Cazetta,E.
andGaletti,M.
2007.
(FrugivoryandhostspecificityinthemistletoePhoradendronrubrum(L.
)Griseb.
(Viscaceae).
(inPortuguese)RevistaBrasileiradeBotnica30(2):345-351.
(ThemainhostsofP.
rubrumwereTabebuiaochraceaandMeliaazedarachandthemainseeddisperserswerethebirdsEuphoniachloroticaandE.
cyanocephala.
)ebovic,T.
,Spasic,S.
andPopovic,M.
2008.
CytotoxiceffectsoftheViscumalbumL.
extractonEhrlichtumourcellsinvivo.
PhytotherapyResearch22(8):1097-1103.
(RecordingasignificantreductionintheincidenceofcancerinmicethatreceivedtheV.
albumextractcomparedwiththecontrolgroup,possiblyduetoinductionofoxidativestressintheEhrlichtumourcells.
)ChanShunWan,LiSha,KwokChingYee,Benzie,I.
F.
F.
,SzetoYimTong,GuoDeJian,HeXiaoPingandYuHoiFu,2008.
AntioxidantactivityofChinesemedicinalherbs.
PharmaceuticalBiology46(9):587-595.
(Among40herbstested,Taxillussutchuenensiswasamongthehighestinantioxidantactivityand/ortotalphenoliccontent.
)Chhikara,A.
andFriedman,C.
M.
R.
2008.
TheeffectsofmaleandfemaleArceuthobiumamericanum(lodgepolepinedwarfmistletoe)infectionontherelativepositioningofvascularbundles,starchdistribution,andstarchcontentinPinuscontortavar.
latifolia(lodgepolepine)needles.
Botany86(5):539-543.
(A.
americanumgreatlyreducedstarchgrainsintheneedlesofP.
contorta.
Maleparasiteshadagreatereffectonthepositioningofvascularbundlesthandidfemaleparasites.
)Chitra,R.
andRaj,S.
V.
2008.
EndangeredmedicinaltreesinIndiandivergentecosystems.
InternationalJournalofForestUsufructsManagement9(1):24-29.
(Santalumalbumamongthespeciesreviewedfortheirdistribution,therapeuticusesandconservation.
)*Ciesla,W.
M.
,Geils,B.
W.
andAdams,R.
P.
2004.
HostsandgeographicdistributionofArceuthobiumoxycedri.
RockyMountainResearchServiceResearchNote11WWWVersion1.
2FortCollins,CO:U.
S.
DepartmentofAgriculture,ForestService,RockyMountainResearchStation.
(http://www.
fs.
fed.
us/rm/pubs/rmrs_rn11/).
(Notnew,butupdatedAugust2008.
AvaluablecompilationofhostrangeanddistributionsitesforA.
oxycedrithroughoutitsrange,includingTurkey–perhapswecouldseeitthereinthecourseofthe2009Congress)Conklin,D.
A.
andGeils,B.
W.
2008.
Survivalandsanitationofdwarfmistletoe-infectedponderosapinefollowingprescribedunderburning.
WesternJournalofAppliedForestry23(4):216-222.
(Resultsindicatethatunder-burningcanbeaviabletooltomanageArceuthobiumspp.
inPinusponderosa,givensufficientfireintensity.
)Córdoba,E.
,González-Verdejo,C.
I.
,Die,J.
,Román,B.
andNadal,S.
2008.
FirstreportofOrobanchecrenataonsulla(Hedysarumcoronarium)inAndalusia,southernSpain.
PlantDisease92(12):1709.
(H.
coronariumgrownfollowingapreviouscropofVicianarbonensiswhichhadbeenheavilyinfestedwithO.
crenata,wasalsolightlyinfested–possiblythefirstreportofinfestationofthishost.
)Costea,M.
,Aiston,F.
andStefanovic,S.
2008.
Speciesdelimitation,phylogeneticrelationships,andtwonewspeciesintheCuscutagracillimacomplex(Convolvulaceae).
In:Graham,S.
W.
andBruneau,A.
(eds)SpecialIssue:SystematicsResearch.
Botany86(7):670-681.
(Eighttaxaaredescribed,includingthenewspp.
C.
punanafromEcuadorandC.
vandevenderifromMexico.
C.
colombianaisredefinedtoincludeC.
aristeguietae,andC.
deltoideaisbroadenedtoencompassC.
serruloba.
Ataxonomickey,descriptions,andillustrationsareprovided.
)Cumbleton,P.
2008.
Castilleja:sayinggoodbyetothehost.
Plantsman7(4):218-221.
(ReportingthatmanyCastillejaspp.
canbegrownwithoutahost,andparticularlyrecommendingC.
miniata,C.
pruinosa,C.
applegateiandC.
chromosaasornamentals.
)daSilva,G.
G.
,deSouza,P.
A.
,deMorais,P.
L.
D.
,dosSantos,E.
C.
,Moura,R.
D.
andMenezes,J.
B.
2008.
(Wildplumfruitcharacterization(Ximeniaamericana).
)inPiortuguese)RevistaBrasileiradeFruticultura30(2):311-314.
(ConfirmingthatthefruitsofX.
americana(Olacaceae)arerichinvitaminC,withhighcontentsofsolublesolidsandacidity.
)daSilva,A.
L.
,Ferreira,J.
G.
,Martins,B.
daS.
,Oliveira,S.
,Mai,N.
,Nunes,D.
S.
andElisabetsky,E.
2008.
SerotoninreceptorscontributetothepromnesiceffectsofP.
olacoides(Marapuama).
Physiology&Behavior95(1/2):88-92.
(ReferringtoPtychopetalumolacoides(Olacaceae).
)Darwish,D.
S.
,Abdalla,M.
M.
F.
,Saber,H.
A.
andSedik,M.
T.
2007.
Investigationsonfababeans,ViciafabaL.
22-ReactionofsixfababeangenotypesandOrobanchetotheherbicideglyphosate.
EgyptianJournalofPlantBreeding11(1):401-409.
(Bestoverallresultswererecordedfromthehigher(54g/feddan)doseofglyphosateandforvarietyCairo2,andtheworstfromvarietyGiza2.
)deAraújo,M.
R.
S.
,Assuno,J.
C.
daC.
,Dantas,I.
N.
F.
,Costa-Lotufo,L.
V.
andMonte,F.
J.
Q.
2008.
ChemicalconstituentsofXimeniaamericana.
NaturalProductCommunications3(6):857-860.
(ChemicalsisolatedfromX.
americana(Olacaceae)included2steroids,5pentacyclictriperpenoidsandanewfuranosesquiterpene.
Thelatterdidnotinhibitthegrowthofhumanleukaemia,humancolon,orhumanbreastcancercelllines.
)Demrbas,S.
andAcar,O.
2008.
SuperoxidedismutaseandperoxidaseactivitiesfromantioxidativeenzymesinHelianthusannuusL.
rootsduringOrobanchecumanaWallr.
penetration.
FreseniusEnvironmentalBulletin17(8a):1038-1044.
(CharacterizingtheactivitiesoftheseantioxidativeenzymesinrootsofparasitizedsunflowercultivarsPioneer4223,Sanay,andIsera.
HigheractivityduringfirstweekafterinoculationislinkedtoresistanceinthePioneercultivar.
)Dugje,I.
Y.
,Kamara,A.
Y.
andOmoigui,L.
O.
2008.
Influenceoffarmers'cropmanagementpracticesonStrigahermonthicainfestationandgrainyieldofmaize(ZeamaysL.
)inthesavannazonesofnortheastNigeria.
JournalofAgronomy7(1):33-40.
(Maizevariety97TZLComp-1-WwasresistantandgaveimprovedyieldsinsouthernandnorthernGuineasavannasbutnotinSudansavannah.
Otherpracticeswithbeneficialeffectincludedrotationwithsoyabeanorgroundnut,100kgN/haandthreehoeweedings.
)Dunwell,J.
M.
,Gibbings,J.
G.
,TariqMahmoodandNaqvi,S.
M.
S.
2008.
Germinandgermin-likeproteins:evolution,structure,andfunction.
CriticalReviewsinPlantSciences27(5):342-375.
(Adetailedreviewoftheseproteinswhichareimplicatedinawidevarietyofplantfunctions,includingresponsetoparasiticplants.
)Eizenberg,H.
andJoel,D.
M.
2007.
Thecanonofpotatoscience:18.
Parasiticweeds.
In:Struik,P.
C.
,Lommen,W.
J.
M.
,Haverkort,A.
J.
andStorey,R.
M.
J.
2007.
PotatoResearch50(3/4):275-278.
(Ashortreviewofparasiticweedsinpotato,includingOrobancheramosa,O.
aegyptiacaandO.
cernua,alsoCuscutacampestris.
NotingthattherearesofarnoresistantvarietiestoOrobanchespp.
,butrimsulfuroncontrolsO.
ramosaandO.
aegyptiacawhenapplied3timeswithoverheadirrigation.
)El-Husseini,N.
,El-Ghani,M.
M.
A.
andEl-Naggar,S.
I.
2007.
FloristicanalysisandbiogeographyofTubifloraeinEgypt.
ActaBiologicaSzegediensis51(1):65-80.
(NotingCuscutaandOrobancheamongthemostspecies-richgenera.
)*Elluru,S.
R.
,vanHuyen,J.
P.
D.
,Delignat,S.
,Kazatchkine,M.
D.
,Friboulet,A.
,Kaveri,S.
V.
andBayry,J.
2008.
Inductionofmaturationandactivationofhumandendriticcells:amechanismunderlyingthebeneficialeffectofViscumalbumascomplimentarytherapyincancer.
BMCCancer8(161)4June2008.
(http://www.
biomedcentral.
com/1471-2407/8/161)(ConfirmingthatV.
albumpreparationsstimulatethematurationandactivationofhumandendriticcellswhichmayfacilitateanti-tumoralimmuneresponses.
)Ene,A.
C.
,Ameh,D.
A.
,Kwanashie,H.
O.
,Agomo,P.
U.
,Atawodi,S.
E.
2008.
Preliminaryinvivoantimalarialscreeningofpetroleumether,chloroformandmethanolextractsoffifteenplantsgrowninNigeria.
JournalofPharmacologyandToxicology3(4):254-260.
(Studiesfailedtoconfirmtheanti-malarialpropertiesofextractsofThonningeasanguinea.
)Engdal,S.
andNilsen,O.
G.
2008.
InhibitionofP-glycoproteininCaco-2cells:effectsofherbalremediesfrequentlyusedbycancerpatients.
Xenobiotica38(6):559-573.
(Amistletoe(presumablyViscumalbum)herbalextractwasthemostactiveofanumberofherbalremediestested.
)Engdal,S.
,Steinsbekk,A.
,Klepp,O.
andNilsen,O.
G.
2008.
HerbaluseamongcancerpatientsduringpalliativeorcurativechemotherapytreatmentinNorway.
SupportiveCareinCancer16(7):763-769.
(Averyfewpatientsusedmistletoe(Viscumalbum)preparationsinconjunctionwithconventionalchemotherapy.
)Fernández-Aparicio,M.
,Andolfi,A.
,Cimmino,A.
,Rubiales,D.
andEvidente,A.
2008.
StimulationofseedgerminationofOrobanchespeciesbyophiobolinAandfusicoccinderivatives.
JournalofAgriculturalandFoodChemistry56(18):8343-8347.
(ThemostactivewasophiobolinA,andthemostsensitivespecieswereO.
aegyptiaca,O.
cumanaandO.
minor.
)Fernández-Aparicio,M.
,Pérez-de-Luque,A.
,Prats,E.
andRubiales,D.
2008.
Variabilityofinteractionsbetweenbarrelmedic(Medicagotruncatula)genotypesandOrobanchespecies.
AnnalsofAppliedBiology153(1):117-126.
(AccessionsofM.
trunculatashowlittlevariabilityintheirresistancetoO.
crenatabutsuchdifferencesareshownonO.
nanaandsomeotherOrobanchespecies.
ThegeneticvariationobservedforinductionofgerminationandsubsequentattachmentwillbeusefulforisolatingandcharacterisinggenesinvolvedinearlystagesofOrobanche-hostplantinteraction.
)Fernández-Aparicio,M.
,Sillero,J.
C.
andRubiales,D.
2009.
Resistancetobroomrapespecies(Orobanchespp.
)incommonvetch(ViciasativaL.
).
CropProtection,28:7-12.
(ReportinginfestationofV.
sativabyO.
crenata,O.
aegyptiacaandtoO.
foetida.
DescribingresistanceincultivarMezquitawhichisdemonstratedearlyagainstOaegyptiacaresultinginreducedtubercleformation,butlateragainstO.
crenataresultinginretardedtubercledevelopment.
)Fdan,I.
,Ozkan,S.
,Gurbuz,I.
,Yeslyurt,E.
,Erdal,B.
,Yolbakan,S.
andImr,T.
2008.
TheefficiencyofViscumalbumssp.
albumandHypericumperforatumonhumanimmunecellsinvitro.
ImmunopharmacologyandImmunotoxicology30(3):519-528.
(Resultssuggesttheseextractsmaybeusedasanadjuvanttreatmentoptionforimmuneactivationinimmuno-suppressedpatients.
)Filip,G.
M.
2005.
Diseasesasagentsofdisturbanceinponderosapine.
In:Ritchie,M.
W.
,Maguire,D.
A.
andYoungblood,A.
(eds)GeneralTechnicalReport-PacificSouthwestResearchStation,USDAForestServiceNo.
PSW-GTR-198:227-232.
(Notingthat,althoughArceuthobiumspp.
spreadslowly,theirlocalizedeffectscanbe'quitespectacular'.
)French,G.
C.
,Hollingsworth,P.
M.
,Silverside,A.
J.
andEnnos,R.
A.
2008.
Genetics,taxonomyandtheconservationofBritishEuphrasia.
ConservationGenetics9(6):1547-1562.
(ThediploidE.
vigursiiandE.
rivularisformmorphologicallyandgeneticallydefinableunits,butthetetraploidtaxashowvaryingdegreesofoverlap,complicatingthetaskofdesigningconservationmeasures.
)Fujii,N.
2007.
ChloroplastDNAphylogeographyofPedicularisser.
Gloriosae(Orobanchaceae)inJapan.
JournalofPlantResearch120(4):491-500.
(Resultssuggestthatthecontinentalspecies,P.
sceptrum-carolinumandP.
grandifloraareancestralandtherewassubsequentdifferentiationintothetwoJapaneselineages,P.
gloriosa,P.
iwatensisandP.
ochiaianainoneandP.
nipponicaintheother.
)Ganesan,S.
,Manikandan,P.
andSekar,R.
2008.
AngiospermicparasiticplantsandtheirhostsinthesoutherndistrictsofTamilNadu,India.
JournalofEconomicandTaxonomicBotany32(1):63-71.
(Eighty-fourhostspeciesbelongingto35familiesareinfestedby14parasiticplants(unspecifiedinabstract),includingonerootparasite.
)García-Franco,J.
G.
,López-Portillo,J.
andngeles,G.
2007.
TheholoparasiticendophyteBdallophytonamericanumaffectsrootwaterconductivityofthetreeBurserasimaruba.
Trees:StructureandFunction21(2):215-220.
(B.
americanum(Rafflesiaceae)reducesxylemvesselnumberby40%,andconductivityofparasitizedrootsby61%to85%.
Effectsonhosttreegrowthnotreported.
)GengXingChao,TianXueFei,TuPengFeiandPuXiaoPing,2007.
NeuroprotectiveeffectsofechinacosideinthemouseMPTPmodelofParkinson'sdisease.
EuropeanJournalofPharmacology564(1/3):66-74.
(SuggestingthatechinacosidefromCistanchesalsaimprovesthebehavioralandneurochemicaloutcomesinamousemodelofParkinson's,makingthecompoundanattractivecandidatetreatmentforvariousneurodegenerativedisorders.
)Ghazanfar,S.
A.
2007.
FloraofSultanateofOman.
Volume2,Crassulaceae-Apiaceae.
ScriptaBotanicaBelgica36:220pp.
(IncludingfamiliesLoranthaceaeandSantalaceae.
)Gibbons,P.
,Briggs,S.
V.
,Ayers,D.
A.
,Doyle,S.
,Seddon,J.
,McElhinny,C.
,Jones,N.
,Sims,R.
andDoody,J.
S.
2008.
Rapidlyquantifyingreferenceconditionsinmodifiedlandscapes.
BiologicalConservation141(10):2483-2493.
(MistletoeinfestationasoneofmanyfactorsinpredictionofbiodiversityofvegetationinS.
E.
Australia.
)Gomez-Roldan,V.
etal.
2008.
Strigolactoneinhibitionofshootbranching.
Nature(London)455(7210):189-194.
(ListedinHaustorium53asweb-siteonly.
Nowpublished.
)González-Verdejo,C.
I.
,Die,J.
V.
,Nadal,S.
,Jiménez-Marín,A.
,Moreno,M.
T.
andRomán,B.
2008.
Selectionofhousekeepinggenesfornormalizationbyreal-timeRT-PCR:analysisofOr-MYB1geneexpressioninOrobancheramosadevelopment.
AnalyticalBiochemistry379(2):176-181.
(Or-act1andOR-ubq1wereexpressedmorestablythan18SrRNAorOr-tub1.
)González-Verdejo,C.
I.
,Dita,M.
A.
,Nadal,S.
,Moreno,M.
T.
andRomán,B.
2008.
SucroseapplicationsuppressesinfectionoftheparasiticplantOrobancheramosaintomato(Lycopersiconesculentum).
Agrociencia(Montecillo)42(5):513-517.
(SucrosedidnotaffectO.
ramosagerminationbutreducedradiclelength,andnumberofattachmentsandnodulesformed.
Method/dosesnotindicatedinabstract.
)Grewell,B.
J.
2008.
Hemiparasitesgenerateenvironmentalheterogeneityandenhancespeciescoexistenceinsaltmarshes.
EcologicalApplications18(5):1297-1306.
(InvolvingCordylanthusmaritimusssp.
palustrisandCordylanthusmollisssp.
mollis.
)GuoYiQing,KimKilUng,LeeInJung,Yoder,J.
I.
andShinDongHyun,2008.
Haustoriuminductionofparasiticplant:anewbioassaymethodtodetermineallelopathicpotential.
In:Kong,C.
H.
andLabrada,R.
(eds)AllelopathyJournal22(2):371-378.
(Theallelopathiceffectsof3ricecultivarswerecorrelatedwithdifferentROS(reactiveoxygenspecies)activityandwiththeirtendencytocausehaustoriuminitiationinTriphysariaversicolor,suggestingthisspeciescanbeusedtoevaluatetheallelopathicpotentialofplantspecies.
)Gussarova,G.
,Popp,M.
,Vitek,E.
andBrochmann,C.
2008.
MolecularphylogenyandbiogeographyofthebipolarEuphrasia(Orobanchaceae):recentradiationsinanoldgenus.
MolecularPhylogeneticsandEvolution48(2):444-460.
(Discussingthedevelopmentanddispersalofthegenusoverthepast11millionyears.
)Hessburg,P.
F.
,Povak,N.
A.
andSalter,R.
B.
2008.
ThinningandprescribedfireeffectsondwarfmistletoeseverityinaneasternCascadeRangedryforest,Washington.
ForestEcologyandManagement255(7):2907-2915.
(ThinningproducedthegreatestreductionsinseverityofArceuthobiumspp.
(unspecified)inponderosapineanddouglas-fir.
Burningeffectsonvegetationwereenhancedwhencombinedwiththinning.
)HuangTsurngJuhn,ChenYiYen,LiYenPing,HungChengYu,ChiangTzenYuhandChouChangHung,2008.
IsolationandcharacterizationofmicrosatellitelociinPedicularisverticillataL.
usingPCR-basedisolationofmicrosatellitearrays(PIMA).
ConservationGenetics9(5):1389-1391.
(Suggestingthattheresultscanbeusedintheconservationofthisendangeredspecies,ofvalueinChinesemedicine.
)Idojtic,M.
,Glava,M.
,Zebec,M.
,Pernar,R.
,Kuan,.
,List,D.
andGrahovac-Tremski,M.
2008.
(Intensityofinfectionwithyellowmistletoeandwhite-berriedmistletoeontheareaoftheforestadministrationsZagrebandKoprivnica.
)(inCroatian)umarskiList132(3/4):107-114.
(GivingdataonoccurenceofLoranthuseuropaeusandViscumalbumonQuercuspetraea,Q.
robur,Fraxinusangustifolia,Robiniapseudoacacia,AcerpseudoplatanusandAlnusglutinosa.
)Idojtic,M.
,Pernar,R.
,Glava,M.
,Zebec,M.
andDiminic,D.
2008.
Theincidenceofmistletoe(Viscumalbumssp.
abietis)onsilverfir(Abiesalba)inCroatia.
Biologia(Bratislava)63(1):81-85.
(V.
albumcanbeconsideredabio-indicatorofsilverfirdecline,andprobablyasignificantcontributortothatdecline.
Wheremistletoeincidenceisgreatitcanbepresumedthatsilverfirissignificantlydamaged.
)Ikie,F.
O.
,Schulz,S.
,Ogunyemi,S.
,Emechebe,A.
M.
andTogun,A.
O.
2007.
Influenceoflegumecroppingpatternsandorganic/inorganicsoilamendmentsonStrigaseedbankandsubsequentsorghumperformance.
AdvancesinEnvironmentalBiology1(1):11-19.
(Showingthattrap-cropssoybeanandcowpeaproducedresultssimilartothoseobtainedwithethylene,whileureareducedtheS.
hermonthicaseedbankandimprovedsorghumyield.
PoultrymanuretendedtoincreaseStrigainfestation.
)Jagadish,M.
R.
,Ahmed,S.
M.
,Madhu,K.
S.
,Viswanath,S.
andRathore,T.
S.
2008.
EffectofseedsourceandcollectiontimeinSantalumalbumL.
ongerminationparameters.
InternationalJournalofForestUsufructsManagement9(1):51-57.
(ComparingseedofS.
albumfrom4districtsofKaranatka,India-Hosakote,Mysore,IWSTandBijapur-thosefromMysoreperformedbest.
Seedcollectionwasbestinmid-season.
)Jayasuriya,K.
M.
G.
G.
,Baskin,J.
M.
andBaskin,C.
C.
2008.
Dormancy,germinationrequirementsandstoragebehaviourofseedsofConvolvulaceae(Solanales)andevolutionaryconsiderations.
SeedScienceResearch18(4):223-237.
(Seedsof46speciesgerminatedafterimbibition(followingscarification),exceptthoseofCuscutaeuropaea,whichisreportedtodisplaycombinationaldormancy.
)Jayasuriya,K.
M.
G.
G.
,Baskin,J.
M.
,Geneve,R.
L.
,Baskin,C.
C.
andChienChingTe,2008.
PhysicaldormancyinseedsoftheholoparasiticangiospermCuscutaaustralis(Convolvulaceae,Cuscuteae):dormancy-breakingrequirements,anatomyofthewatergapandsensitivitycycling.
AnnalsofBotany102(1):39-48.
(Breakingofdormancyisassociatedwithwaterentryviaanopeningofthehilarfissure,ratherthanviabulgesadjacenttothemicropyleasinotherConvolvulaceae.
)Jayasuriya,R.
T.
,Jones,R.
E.
andvandeVen,R.
2008.
AneconomicdecisiontoolforrespondingtonewweedincursionrisksintheAustraliangrainsindustry.
TechnicalSeries-CRCforAustralianWeedManagement14:41pp.
(IncludingacasestudyonOrobancheramosa.
)JiangFan,Jeschke,W.
D.
,Hartung,W.
andCameron,D.
D.
2008.
Mobilityofboron-polyolcomplexesinthehemiparasiticassociationbetweenRhinanthusminorandHordeumvulgare:theeffectsofnitrogennutrition.
PhysiologiaPlantarum134(1):13-21.
(Long-distanceborontransportisfacilitatedbytheformationofboron-polyolcomplexes.
Thefindingsareconsistentwithacloserelationshipbetweenboronre-translocationandmannitolconcentrationsinphloemvessels.
)JiangZhiHong,WenXiaoYun,Tanaka,T.
,WuShaoYu,LiuZhongqiu,Iwata,H.
,Hirose,Y.
,WuShuguangandKouno,I.
2008.
CytotoxichydrolyzabletanninsfromBalanophorajaponica.
JournalofNaturalProducts71(4):719-723.
(Fourbalanophotanninsidentified.
BalanophotanninEshowedcytotoxicitytoHepG2cancercells.
)Jiménez,M.
,André,S.
,Barillari,C.
,Romero,A.
,Rognan,D.
,Gabius,H.
J.
andSolís,D.
2008.
DomainversatilityinplantAB-toxins:evidenceforalocal,pH-dependentrearrangementinthe2γlectinsiteofthemistletoelectinbyapplyingligandderivativesandmodelling.
FEBSLetters582(15):2309-2312.
Jones,C.
G.
,Keeling,C.
I.
,Ghisalberti,E.
L.
,Barbour,E.
L.
,Plummer,J.
A.
andBohlmann,J.
2008.
IsolationofcDNAsandfunctionalcharacterisationoftwomulti-productterpenesynthaseenzymesfromsandalwood,SantalumalbumL.
ArchivesofBiochemistryandBiophysics477(1):121-130.
Kabambe,V.
H.
,Kanampiu,F.
andNgwira,A.
2008.
Imazapyr(herbicide)seeddressingincreasesyield,suppressesStrigaasiaticaandhasseeddepletionroleinmaize(ZeamaysL.
)inMalawi.
AfricanJournalofBiotechnology7(18):3293-3298.
(ImazapyrseeddressingsgreatlysuppressedemergenceandfloweringofS.
asiatica,butcontrarytothetitle,theabstractsuggeststherewasnosignificantincreaseinmaizeyield.
Inthefollowingseason,withoutfurthertreatmenttherewereagaingoodreductionsofS.
asiatica,butwithouteffectonmaizeyield.
)Kabambe,V.
,Katunga,L.
,Kapewa,T.
andNgwira,A.
R.
2008.
Screeninglegumesforintegratedmanagementofwitchweeds(AlectravogeliiandStrigaasiatica)inMalawi.
AfricanJournalofAgriculturalResearch3(10):708-715.
(AmongsoybeanvarietiesKuduwashighlysusceptibletoA.
vogelii,butBossierandOcepara-4wererelativelyresistantandhavepotentialastrapcropsforS.
asiatica,alongwithpigeonpeasandgreenmanurecropsofmucunaandcrotalariawhichareimmunetoAlectra.
)Kamara,A.
Y.
,Chikoye,D.
,Ekeleme,F.
,Omoigui,L.
O.
andDugje,I.
Y.
2008.
FieldperformanceofimprovedcowpeavarietiesunderconditionsofnaturalinfestationbytheparasiticweedStrigagesnerioides.
InternationalJournalofPestManagement54(3):189-195.
(ConfirmingtheimmunityofcowpeavarietiesIT97K-499-35andIT90K-82-2toS.
gesenderioidesinNENigeria,andyieldbenefitsof30-126%overlocalvarieties.
butnotingconcernsabouttheiradoptionbecauseoftheirmedium-sizedwhiteseeds.
Farmersinthiszonepreferlarge-seededbrowncowpea.
)Karakas,A.
,Turker,A.
U.
andGunduz,B.
2008.
EffectsofEuropeanmistletoe(ViscumalbumL.
subsp.
album)extractsonactivityrhythmsoftheSyrianhamsters(Mesocricetusauratus).
NaturalProductResearch22(11):990-1000.
(RecordingsomeeffectsofV.
albumextractsoncircadianrhythminM.
auratus.
)Khan,J.
A.
,Singh,S.
K.
andAhmad,J.
2008.
Characterisationandphylogenyofaphytoplasmainducingsandalspikediseaseinsandal(Santalumalbum).
AnnalsofAppliedBiology153(3):365-372.
(StudiestoidentifythephytoplasmaresponsibleforspikediseaseinS.
albumconcludedthatitbelongstoasteryellowssubgroup16SrI-B.
)*KilimoTrust,2008.
Program2-UnlockcerealproductionpotentialinEastAfricabyeliminatingtheStrigathreat.
http://www.
thekilimotrust.
org/index.
phpoption=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=17(Describinganambitious12yearprojectforreducingthelossestoStrigainEastAfrica.
Thefirst6yearprogramme,alreadybegunwithbaselinestudiesisestimatedtocost$23million.
Wehopetoincludemoreonthisandthe(related)AATFprojectsinHaustorium55.
)Kim,J.
H.
,Kim,D.
W.
,Kang,K.
H.
,Jang,B.
G.
,Yu,D.
J.
,Na,J.
C.
,Kim,S.
H.
,Lee,D.
S.
,Suh,O.
S.
,Choi,K.
D.
,Kim,S.
K.
andLee,K.
H.
2007.
EffectsofdietaryKoreanmistletoeonperformanceandbloodcharacteristicsinbroilers.
KoreanJournalofPoultryScience34(2):129-136.
(WhenchickenswerefedwithViscumalbumvar.
coloratum,Salmonellasp.
ofthecaecasignificantlydecreasedandlymphocytecountwassignificantlyhigherwhencomparedwithanantibioticcontrol.
)Kostov,K.
,Batchvarova,R.
andSlavov,S.
2007.
ApplicationofchemicalmutagenesistoincreasetheresistanceoftomatotoOrobancheramosaL.
BulgarianJournalofAgriculturalScience13(5):505-513.
(Chemicalmutagenesisoftomatoseedswithethylmethanesulfonateyielded16apparentlyimmuneindividualsfromwhich6linesweredevelopedwithimprovedresistance.
)Kostov,T.
andPacanoski,Z.
2007.
WeedswithmajoreconomicimpactonagricultureinRepublicofMacedonia.
PakistanJournalofWeedScienceResearch13(3/4):227-239.
(Notingthattobacco,sunflower,tomato,lucerneandcloverwerefavouredhostsforOrobanchespp.
(O.
cumanaandO.
ramosa)andCuscutaspp.
(C.
arvensisandC.
epythimum)inGreece.
AlsonotingoccurrenceofRhinanthusmajorandMelampyrumarvenseincerealcrops.
)Krause,K.
2008.
Fromchloroplaststo"cryptic"plastids:evolutionofplastidgenomesinparasiticplants.
CurrentGenetics54(3):111-121.
(Acurrentreviewofthecontributionsofparasiticplantstounderstandingplastidgenomes,includingdiscussionofnewinsightsintomatKandRubiscobasedontheirlossorretentioninparasiticspecies.
)Kruk,J.
andSzymańska,R.
2008.
OccurrenceofneoxanthinandluteinepoxidecycleinparasiticCuscutaspecies.
ActaBiochimicaPolonica55(1):183-190.
(Indicatingthatpresenceoftheluteinepoxidecycleandofneoxanthinisindependentandvariableamongthe8Cuscutaspeciesstudied.
)Kudi,T.
M.
andAbdulsalam,Z.
2008.
CostsandreturnsanalysisofstrigatolerantmaizevarietyinSouthernGuineaSavannaofNigeria.
JournalofAppliedSciencesResearch6:649-651.
(Striga-tolerantvarietieswerehighlyprofitablegivingagrossmarginofNaira94479.
21/hacomparedtoNaira15683.
73/haforthefarmers'varieties.
)Kuijt,J.
2008.
Pusillanthus(Loranthaceae),anewmonotypicgenusfromVenezuela.
Novon18(3):370-373.
(DescribinganewgenusbasedonPhthirusatrichodeswithumbellatecapitulum,tetramery,bisexualflowerswithnearlysessileanthers,theabsenceofepicorticalroots,andthepresenceofaconspicuousindument.
)Kurus,J.
andPodstawka-Chmielewska,E.
2007.
(MelampyrumarvenseL.
asanelementofagriculturallandscape.
)(inPolish)AnnalesUniversitatisMariaeCurie-Sklodowska.
SectioE,Agricultura62(2):137-144.
(PopulationsofM.
arvensemakeanattractivecomponentoftheroadsideflora.
Occurrenceinneighbouringcerealfieldsislimited.
)Laengler,A.
,Spix,C.
,Seifert,G.
,Gottschling,S.
,Graf,N.
andKaatsch,P.
2008.
Complementaryandalternativetreatmentmethodsinchildrenwithcancer:apopulation-basedretrospectivesurveyontheprevalenceofuseinGermany.
EuropeanJournalofCancer44(15):2233-2240.
(IncludingsomereferencetotheuseofViscumalbumextracts.
)Lawrence,B.
M.
2008.
Progressinessentialoils.
Perfumer&Flavorist33(7):44-55.
(AnupdateisprovidedonthecompositionofessentialoilsfromSantalumaustrocaledonicum.
)LeungHoiYanandKoKamMing,2008.
HerbaCistancheextractenhancesmitochondrialATPgenerationinratheartsandH9c2cells.
PharmaceuticalBiology46(6):418-424.
(TheresultsindicatethatextractsofCistanchedeserticolaincreasemitochondrialATPgenerationinratheartsexvivoandH9c2cellsinsitu,possiblythroughenhancingoxidativephosphorylation.
)Lewis,K.
C.
,Selzer,T.
,Shahar,C.
,Udi,Y.
,Tworowski,D.
andSagi,I.
2008.
Inhibitionofpectinmethylesteraseactivitybygreenteacatechins.
Phytochemistry69(14):2586-2592.
(AgreenteaextractblockedesteraseactivityofpectinmethylesterasesfromparasiticplantsCuscutapentagonaandCastillejaindivisa.
)LiDongXiao,YangXiaoBo,ZhangGuoGuang,ChangJingLingandChenLiang,2008.
PlantregenerationinvitroofCuscutachinensisLam.
JournalofTropicalandSubtropicalBotany16(3):279-282.
(Recordingsuccessfulcallusmaintenanceforover12monthsandregenerationofshootgrowthinsuitableculturesolutions.
)LiMinGai,Wunder,J.
,Bissoli,G.
,Scarponi,E.
,Gazzani,S.
,Barbaro,E.
,Saedler,H.
andVarotto,C.
2008.
DevelopmentofCOSgenesasuniversallyamplifiablemarkersforphylogeneticreconstructionsofcloselyrelatedplantspecies.
Cladistics24(5):727-745.
(AstudyofOrobanchaceaeconfirmedtheusefulnessofCOS(ConservedOrthologSet)genesforphylogeneticreconstructions.
)LiYang,ZhaoYanLi,HuangNing,ZhengYongTang,YangYongPingandLiXiaoLi,2008.
TwonewphenolicglycosidesfromViscumarticulatum.
Molecules13(10):2500-2508.
(Twonewglucopyranosides.
)Liebst,B.
2008.
DotheyreallyhybridizeAfieldstudyinartificiallyestablishedmixedpopulationsofEuphrasiaminimaandE.
salisburgensis(Orobanchaceae)intheSwissAlps.
PlantSystematicsandEvolution273(3/4):179-189.
(Yes.
)LinZhenJian,LuXiaoMing,TianJiao,FangYuChun,GuQianQunandZhuWeiming,2008.
GPR12selectionsofthemetabolitesfromanendophyticStreptomycessp.
associatedwithCistanchedeserticola.
ArchivesofPharmacalResearch1(9):1108-1114.
(Amongcompoundsdetected,onlytyrosolcanpromoteanincreaseofintracellularcAMPspecialonGPR(G-Protein-CoupledReceptor)12transfectedcells,suggestingitmaybeapossibleligandforGPR12.
)LinZhenJian,WenJiangNi,ZhuTianJiao,FangYuChun,GuQianQunandZhuWeiMing,2008.
ChrysogenamideAfromanendophyticfungusassociatedwithCistanchedeserticolaanditsneuroprotectiveeffectonSH-SY5Ycells.
JournalofAntibiotics61(2):81-85.
(ThefungusisPenicilliumchrysogenum.
)Littley,E.
,Friedman,C.
M.
R.
andFlood,N.
J.
2008.
TheeffectsofArceuthobiumamericanuminfectiononPinuscontortavar.
latifolianeedles.
NorthwestScience82(3):237-240.
(InadditiontocausingsignificantyearlytimberlossA.
americanumcausespineneedlestobeshorter,thinner,andnarrowerwithlarger,moredenselypackedstomata.
)LongShuSheng,Lendzemo,V.
,Kuyper,T.
W.
,KangZhengSheng,Vierheilig,H.
andSteinkellner,S.
2008.
AsimplestainingmethodforobservationofgerminatedStrigaseeds.
SeedScienceResearch18(2):125-129.
(Amongarangeofdyestested,Blue(Geha)inkin5%aceticacidisrecommendedtomakeStrigaradiclesmoreconspicuousandreadilycountedingerminationassays.
).
López-Ráez,J.
A.
andBouwmeester,H.
2008.
Fine-tuningofstrigolactonebiosynthesisunderphosphatestarvation.
PlantSignallingandBehaviour3(1):1-3.
(Reportingtheresultsofamicroarrayexperimentwithtomato,focusingoncarotenoidmetabolism.
)López-Ráez,J.
A.
,Charnikhova,T.
,Mulder,P.
,Kohlen,W.
,Bino,R.
,Levin,I.
andBouwmeester,H.
2008.
Susceptibilityofthetomatomutanthighpigment-2dg(hp-2dg)toOrobanchespp.
infectionJournalofAgriculturalandFoodChemistry56(15):6326-6332.
(Inspiteofthehighcarotenoidcontentofthemutanttomato,strigolactoneproductionwaslower,resultinginreducedsusceptibilitytoOrobancheaegyptiaca.
)Lorite,J.
,Ruiz-Girela,M.
andCastro,J.
2007.
PatternsofseedgerminationinMediterraneanmountains:studyon37endemicorrarespeciesfromSierraNevada,SESpain.
Candollea62(1):5-16.
(IncludingreferencetoOdontitesgranatensisandtheneedtounderstanditsdormancy.
)Magnusson,M.
2008.
(OrobancheelatiorinSkne,southernmostSweden.
)(inSwedish)SvenskBotaniskTidskrift102(3/4):163-176.
(O.
elatiorisclassifiedasendangeredinSweden.
ItsmainhostsareCentaureascabiosaandperhapsC.
jacea.
ItisthreatenedbyencroachmentofnitrophilousherbsandbyPrunusandCrataegusscrub.
Earlyburning,grazingorcuttingarebeneficial.
)Mahadevappa,S.
G.
andBhanumurthy,V.
B.
2007.
Relativeefficacyoftrifluralinandimazethapyrforweedcontrolinlucerne(MedicagosativaL.
).
ProgressiveResearch2(1/2):73-75.
(Pre-emergenceimazethapyrat0.
2kghawassuperiortotrifluralinforcontrolofCuscuta(campestris)andthecropwasfreeoftheweedupto60daysaftersowing.
)Maikai,V.
A.
,Kobo,P.
I.
andAdaudi,A.
O.
2008.
AcutetoxicitystudiesofaqueousstembarkextractofXimeniaamericana.
AfricanJournalofBiotechnology7(10):1600-1603.
(ExtractsofX.
americana(Olacaceae)causedweightlossinmicebutnoacutetoxicity.
)Manyong,V.
M.
,Alene,A.
D.
,Olanrewaju,A.
,Ayedun,A.
B.
,Rweyendela,V.
,Omanya,G.
,MignounaH.
D.
andBokanga,M.
2008.
BaselinestudyofStrigacontrolusingIRmaizeinWesternKenya:anagriculturecollaborativestudyonStrigacontrolbytheAfricanAgriculturalTechnologyFoundationandtheInternationalInstituteofTropicalAfrica.
56pp.
(AstudyofthestatusofS.
hermonthicain800householdsinW.
Kenyaconfirmsitasamajorandincreasingthreat.
)Manyong,V.
M.
,Nindi,S.
J.
,Alene,A.
D.
,Odhiambo,G.
D.
,Omanya,G.
,MignounaH.
D.
andBokanga,M.
2008.
Farmerperceptionsofimazapyr-resistant(IR)maizetechnologyonthecontrolofStrigainwesternKenya:anagriculturalcollaborativestudyonStrigacontrolbytheAfricanAgriculturalTechnologyFoundationandtheInternationalInstituteofTropicalAgriculture.
Nairobi,Kenya:AfricanAgriculturalTechnologyFoundation.
82pp.
(Reviewingtheuptakeby,andperceptionof,farmersoftheuseofherbicide/herbicide-resistantmaize,and/orDesmodiumforcontrolofS.
hermonthica.
Notinggoodresultswhereadopted,butproblemsofsupplyingtheinputsandadequateextension.
)Maruyama,S.
,Akasaka,T.
,Yamada,K.
andTachibana,H.
2008.
Cistanchesalsaextractactssimilarlytoprotein-boundpolysaccharide-K(PSK)onvarioustypesofcelllines.
JournalofTraditionalMedicines25(5/6):166-169.
(ResultssuggestthatC.
salsaisabiologicalresponsemodifiersimilartoPSKandexertsanimmuno-modulatoryeffectonbothcellularandhumoralimmunity,andadirectanti-cancereffect.
)Maruyama,S.
,Yamada,K.
andTachibana,H.
2008.
ImmunomodulatoryfactorsinCistanchesalsa.
JournalofTraditionalMedicines25(3)87-89.
(C.
salsaisusedasamedicinaltonicinJapan.
AnextractinducedgrowthinhibitionandapoptosisinthehumanBurkitt'slymphomacelllineNamalwa,apparentlyduetoatleast2activeingredients,possiblypolysaccharides.
)Matthews,J.
M.
,Miegel,D.
,Hayton,D.
andLamey,S.
2008.
SeedbankmanagementofOrobancheramosainSouthAustralia.
Proceedingsofthe16thAustralianWeedsConference,CairnsConventionCentre,NorthQueensland,Australia,18-22May,2008:309-311.
(ShowingseedviabilityofO.
ramosaslowlydecliningafterfouryears.
Andreportingusefuleffectsfrom'Bio-SeedEradicator','Basamid'andarangeofherbicides.
)Mauromicale,G.
,loMonaco,A.
andLongo,A.
M.
G.
2008.
Effectofbranchedbroomrape(Orobancheramosa)infectiononthegrowthandphotosynthesisoftomato.
WeedScience56(4):574-581.
(O.
ramosastronglyreducedshootgrowthoftomatobyactingasasinkforassimilate,butalsobyreducingtheefficiencyofcarbonassimilationviaareductioninleafchlorophyllcontentandphotosyntheticrate.
)Mavlonov,G.
T.
,Ubaidullaeva,K.
A.
,Kadryaeva,G.
V.
andKuznetsova,N.
N.
2008.
CytotoxiccomponentsofCuscuta.
ChemistryofNaturalCompounds44(3):409-410.
(Noabstractavailable.
)Meyer,A.
,Rypniewski,W.
,Szymanski,M.
,Voelter,W.
,Barciszewski,J.
andBetzel,C.
2008.
StructureofmistletoelectinIfromViscumalbumincomplexwiththephytohormonezeatin.
BiochimicaetBiophysicaActa,Proteins&Proteomics1784(11):1590-1595.
(Crystalsofacomplexoflectin-1fromViscumalbumandthehormonezeatinweregrownontheInternationalSpaceStation.
Diffractiondatademonstratetheabilityofmistletoetoprotectitselffromthehosttranspirationregulationbyabsorbingthehostplanthormonesaspartofadefencemechanism.
)Mitei,Y.
C.
,Ngila,J.
C.
,Yeboah,S.
O.
,Wessjohann,L.
andSchmidt,J.
2008.
NMR,GC-MSandESI-FTICR-MSprofilingoffattyacidsandtriacylglycerolsinsomeBotswanaseedoils.
JournaloftheAmericanOilChemists'Society85(11):1021-1032.
(IncludingresultsforXimeniacaffra(Olacaceae).
)Mounnissamy,V.
M.
,Kavimani,S.
,Balu,V.
andQuine,S.
D.
2008.
EffectofethanolextractofCansjerarheediiJ.
Gmelin(Opiliaceae)onhepatotoxicity.
JournalofPharmacologyandToxicology3(23):158-162.
('Treatmentofratswiththeethanolextractsignificantlyalteredtheserummarkerenzymesandantioxidantlevelneartonormalagainstparacetamol-intoxicatedrats.
')Mounnissamy,V.
M.
,Kavimani,S.
,Balu,V.
andQuine,S.
D.
2008.
AnthelminthicactivityofCansjerarheediiJ.
Gmelin(Opiliaceae).
JournalofBiologicalSciences8(4):831-833.
(ConfirmingtheanthelminthicpotentialoftheaerialpartsofC.
rheedii.
)Mulvaney,C.
R.
,Molano-Flores,B.
andWhitman,D.
W.
2006.
IsinsectherbivorycontributingtothethreatenedstatusofAgalinisauriculata(Orobanchaceae)inIllinoisJournaloftheTorreyBotanicalSociety133(4):560-565.
(ConcludingthatherbivorybythetreecricketOecanthusnigricornis,themothEndotheniahebesanaandthebutterflyJunoniacoenia,combinedwithhabitatlossandotherbioticconstraintsmayhindertherecoveryofA.
auriculata.
)Murai,Y.
,Kokubugata,G.
,Yokota,M.
,Kitajima,J.
andIwashina,T.
2008.
FlavonoidsandanthocyaninsfromsixCassythataxa(Lauraceae)astaxonomicmarkers.
BiochemicalSystematicsandEcology36(9):745-748.
(ResultsfromthestudydonotsupportthehypothesisthatC.
pubescensandC.
filiformisvar.
duripraticolaareconspecificbutconfirmthatC.
filiformisvar.
duripraticolaisavarietyofC.
filiformis,andthatC.
pergracilisisdistinct.
OtherJapaneseandAustralianspeciesstudiedwere.
C.
muellerii(closetoC.
pubescens)andC.
glabella(closetoC.
pergracilis).
)Murray,S.
2008.
Raregeneticfinddelivershigh-qualitysandalwoodoil.
PartnersinResearchforDevelopment.
July/October:22-23.
(DiscussingthepotentialofSantalumaustrocaledonicumandS.
lanceolatumassuperiorsourcesofsandalwoodoilinVanuatuandinQueensland,Australia.
)Myliwy,M.
2008.
Barlinek-GorzówLandscapeParkasarefugiumofrareandendangeredvascularplantspecies.
ParkiNarodoweiRezerwatyPrzyrody27(2):3-18.
(AlistofrareandthreatenedplantsoccurringinWesternPomeraniaandinPolandincludesCuscutaepithymum.
)N'Guessan,J.
D.
,Bidié,A.
P.
,Lenta,B.
N.
,Weniger,B.
,André,P.
andGuédé-Guina,F.
2007.
Invitroassaysforbioactivity-guidedisolationofantisalmonellaandantioxidantcompoundsinThonningiasanguineaflowers.
AfricanJournalofBiotechnology6(14):1685-1689.
(TheflowersofT.
sanguineaareusedtraditionallytotreatmicrobialdiseasesinW.
Africa.
Compoundsthoughttoberesponsibleforactivitywereidentifiedasbrevifolincarboxylicacidandgallicacid.
)Nanni,B.
andRagozzino,E.
2007.
(FusariumforbiologicalcontrolofOrobancheramosa.
)(inItalian)InformatoreAgrario63(10):92-93.
(NotingthepotentialofF.
oxysporum.
)*Naseri,M.
K.
G.
,Anvari,A.
andBadavi,M.
2007.
(SpasmolyticeffectofCuscutapentagonafruitaqueousextractonratileum.
)(inPersian)ScientificJournalofKurdistanUniversityofMedicalSciences12(2):pe9-pe20,2.
http://www.
muk.
ac.
ir(C.
pentagona(Convolvulaceae)hasbeenusedinIranforgastrointestinaldisorders.
Resultssuggestthatitsspasmolyticeffectsaremediatedviacalciumchannels.
)Ndhlala,A.
R.
,Muchuweti,M.
,Mupure,C.
,Chitindingu,K.
,Murenje,T.
,Kasiyamhuru,A.
andBenhura,M.
A.
2008.
PhenoliccontentandprofilesofselectedwildfruitsofZimbabwe:Ximeniacaffra,ArtobotrysbrachypetalusandSyzygiumcordatum.
InternationalJournalofFoodScience&Technology43(8):1333-1337.
(X.
caffra(Olacaceae)containedrelativelyhighamountsofphenolicsandflavanols.
)Nwanosike,M.
R.
O.
2005.
Evaluationofmistletoes(Tapinanthussp.
)ontheornamentalplantsandtreesinselectedacademicandresearchinstitutionsinZaria,Nigeria.
JournalofAgriculture,ForestryandSocialSciences3(2):86-91.
(Dalbergiasissoo,Gmelinaaborea,Khayasenegalensis,Thevetianerrifoliea,andAzadirachtaindicawereallseverelyinfestedwithTapinanthussp.
(and/orotherspp.
).
SomestandsofD.
sissoowerecompletelykilled.
)Oakazaki,A.
2007.
Studyonparasiteplantsregardinglossofphotosynthesisabilityandmutantphytochrome.
KagakutoSeibutsu45(10):674-676.
(InvolvinggeneticanalysisofphytochromeAinOrobancheminor.
)Oboh,I.
E.
andNworgu,Z.
A.
M.
2008.
OxytocicpropertiesoftheaqueousextractofGlobimetulabraunii(Loranthaceae).
PakistanJournalofPharmaceuticalSciences21(4):356-360.
(TheoxytociceffectsmeasuredinratssupporttheuseoftheleavesofG.
brauniitohastendeliveryintraditionalmedicine.
)Ollerton,J.
,Stott,A.
,Allnutt,E.
,Shove,S.
,Taylor,C.
andLamborn,E.
2007.
Pollinationnicheoverlapbetweenaparasiticplantanditshost.
Oecologia151(3):473-485.
(InthesystemOrobancheelatioranditshostCentaureascabiosa,thebumblebeeBombuspascuorumisacommonpollinator,butthereisnoevidenceforseriouscompetition.
)Oluwaseun,A.
A.
andGaniyu,O.
2008.
Antioxidantpropertiesofmethanolicextractsofmistletoes(Viscumalbum)fromcocoaandcashewtreesinNigeria.
AfricanJournalofBiotechnology7(17):3138-3142.
(Suggestingusefulantioxidantpropertiesfrommistletoesoncocoaandcashew.
ButcertainlynotV.
album(doesnotoccurinW.
Africa)–perhapsaTapinanthussp.
)Orr,A.
G.
2008.
CompetitionforlarvalfoodplantbetweenDeliasargenthona(Fabricius)andDeliasnigrina(Fabricius)(Lepidoptera:Pieridae)incoastalwallumhabitatinSouthernQueensland.
AustralianEntomologist35(1):27-35.
(LarvaeofbothD.
argenthonaandD.
nigrinafeedonthemistletoesDendrophthoevitellinaandMuellerinacelastroidesbutDiplatiafurcataisutilisedonlybyD.
argenthona,andAmyemacongeneronlybyD.
nigrina.
)Othira,J.
O.
,Deng,A.
L.
,Onek,L.
A.
,Kemey,J.
andOmolo,E.
O.
2008.
PotentialapplicationofHyptisspicigeraforbiologicalcontrolofStrigahermonthicainfestation.
AfricanJournalofAgriculturalResearch3(10):747-752.
(IntrialsinW.
KenyaS.
hermonthicaemergenceandseed-bankwerereducedandmaizeyieldincreasedby50%followingaH.
spicigerafallowbutsimultaneousinter-croppingreducedmaizeyield.
)Parveen,Z.
,DengYuLin,Saeed,M.
K.
,DaiRongJi,Ahamad,W.
andYuYuHong,2007.
AntiinflammatoryandanalgesicactivitiesofThesiumchinenseTurczextractsanditsmajorflavonoids,kaempferolandkaempferol-3-O-glucoside.
YakugakuZasshi=JournalofthePharmaceuticalSocietyofJapan127(8):1275-1279.
(TheethylacetateextractofT.
chinenseandthetwoflavonoidsshowedsignificantanti-inflammatoryandanalgesicactivity,butthechloroformextractwasinactive.
)ParkJeongMi,Manen,J.
F.
,Colwell,A.
E.
andSchneeweiss,G.
M.
2008.
Aplastidgenephylogenyofthenon-photosyntheticparasiticOrobanche(Orobanchaceae)andrelatedgenera.
JournalofPlantResearch121(4):365-376.
(Analysisoftheplastidgenerps2appearstobeagoodtoolforresolvingrelationshipswithinOrobanche,butlessusefulforrelatedlineages.
Over70taxafromOrobanchaceaeareincludedintheanalysis.
)Patil,V.
L.
andAngadi,S.
S.
2008.
EffectofmanagementpracticesonStrigaincidence,quality,yieldandeconomicsofsorghum.
PlantArchives8(1):185-188.
(FieldtrialsinKarnataka,India,failedtoshowabenefitfromfarmyardmanureincontrollingStriga(asiatica),butacombinationwith150kgN/ha,andcowpeaasatrapcrop,gavehighestnetreturns.
)Pattanayak,S.
andPriyashree,S.
2008.
HepatoprotectiveactivityoftheleafextractsfromDendrophthoefalcata(L.
f)Ettingshagainstcarbontetrachloride-inducedtoxicityinwistaralbinorats.
PharmacognosyMagazine4(15):218-222.
(ConfirmingthatleavesofD.
falcatapossesspotentialhepatoprotectiveactivity,apparentlyduetophenoliccompoundsandflavonoids,validatingthetraditionaluseofD.
falcataforliverdisorders.
)*Pettengill,J.
B.
andNeel,M.
C.
2008.
PhylogeneticpatternsandconservationamongNorthAmericanmembersofthegenusAgalinis(Orobanchaceae).
BMCEvolutionaryBiology8(264):26Sep.
2008.
(http://www.
biomedcentral.
com/1471-2148/8/264)(DNAstudiessuggestsixmainlineagesinN.
AmericanspeciesofAgalinis,mostofwhichdonotcorrespondtopreviouslyassumedgroupings.
ThestatusoftheendangeredspeciesA.
acutaisparticularlyuncertainandrequiresfurtherstudy.
)Piato,.
L.
,Detanico,B.
C.
,Jesus,J.
F.
,Lhullier,F.
L.
R.
,Nunes,D.
S.
andElisabetsky,E.
2008.
EffectsofMarapuamainthechronicmildstressmodel:furtherindicationofantidepressantproperties.
JournalofEthnopharmacology118(2):300-304.
(Thestudysupportsthetraditionalclaims,intheAmazon,forantidepressantpropertiesforethanolextractsfromPtychopetalumolacoides(Olacaceae)andadditionallysuggeststhattheypreventstress-inducedHPA(hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenalaxis)hyperactivity.
)Prider,J.
,Facelli,J.
M.
,Watling,J.
andVirtue,J.
2008.
CytisusscopariusplantsinfectedbythenativeparasiticplantCassythapubescenshavereducedgrowthandreproductiveoutput.
Proceedingsofthe16thAustralianWeedsConference,CairnsConventionCentre,NorthQueensland,Australia,18-22May,2008:193.
(InfectionbyC.
pubescenspreventstheexpansionofleafandflowerbudsandreducesfruitingbyabout50%.
Effectstendedtobelocalisedtotheinfectedbranchesofthehost.
)Qin,Xiaoqiong,Yang,SeungHuan,Kepsel,A.
C.
,Schwartz,S.
H.
andZeevaart,J.
A.
D.
2008.
EvidenceforabscisicacidbiosynthesisinCuscutareflexa,aparasiticplantlackingneoxanthin.
PlantPhysiology147:816-822.
(ConfirmingthatisolatedstemtipsofC.
reflexaaccumulatedABA,andshowingsynthesisfrom9-cis-violaxanthinsand9-cis-neoxanthins,viaxanthoxin.
)Quested,H.
M.
2008.
Parasiticplants-impactsonnutrientcycling.
PlantandSoil311(1/2):269-272.
(CommentingonthepaperbyAmelootetal.
(seeabove)andnotingthattheirresultsreinforcetheneedtoincludeparasiticplantsincommunityandecosystemtheory.
)Radwan,O.
,Gandhi,S.
,Heesacker,A.
,Whitaker,B.
,Taylor,C.
,Plocik,A.
,Kesseli,R.
,Kozik,A.
,Michelmore,R.
W.
andKnapp,S.
J.
2008.
GeneticdiversityandgenomicdistributionofhomologsencodingNBS-LRRdiseaseresistanceproteinsinsunflower.
MolecularGeneticsandGenomics280(2):111-125.
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2008.
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(AnewgenusofascomyceteisolatedfromleavesofcocoaandHeisteriaconcinna(Olacaceae)inPanama.
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Firstreportofcrenatebroomrape(Orobanchecrenata)onlentil(Lensculinaris)andcommonvetch(Viciasativa)inSalamancaProvince,Spain.
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(AfirstreportofO.
crenatafromCentralSpain.
)Sambuichi,R.
H.
R.
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M.
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2008.
ConservationstatusoftenendemictreesfromtheAtlanticForestinthesouthofBahia-Brazil.
Natureza&Conservao6(1):208-225.
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andRobins,R.
J.
2008.
Targeteddistributionofphoto-assimilateinStrigahermonthica(Del.
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sciencedirect.
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hermonthicaphoto-assimilateisdirectedprimarilytowardsthesynthesisofnewphotosyntheticcapacity.
)Sapkota,L.
2007.
EcologyandmanagementissuesofMikaniamicranthainChitwanNationalPark,Nepal.
BankoJanakari17(2):27-39.
(NotingthatintroductionofCuscutareflexamaybeanappropriatemeasureforcontrolofM.
micrantha.
)Sarma,H.
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M.
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K.
2008.
HostspecificityofCuscutareflexaRoxb.
intheManasBiosphereReserve,Indo-Burmahotspot.
InternationalJournalofPlantProduction2(2):175-180.
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)Seifert,G.
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N.
2008.
Molecularmechanismsofmistletoeplantextract-inducedapoptosisinacutelymphoblasticleukemiainvivoandinvitro.
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(AnextractofV.
albumfromPinusshowedgreatercytotoxicitythanonefromAbies,butbothshowedimprovedsurvivalinaninvivoSCID-modelofpre-Bacutelymphoblasticleukemia(upto55.
4days)incontrasttocontrols(34.
6days)withoutsideeffects.
)Slocum,M.
G.
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A.
2008.
Effectsofthreestressorsonvegetationinanoligohalinemarsh.
FreshwaterBiology53(9):1783-1796.
(OccurrenceofCuscutapentagona(inLouisiana,USA)wasfavouredbyherbicideapplication.
)Stefanovic,S.
andCostea,M.
2008.
ReticulateevolutionintheparasiticgenusCuscuta(Convolvulaceae):overandoveragain.
Botany86(8):791-808.
(Presentingfivecasesofdiscordancebetweenphylogeniesderivedfromplastidandnucleardata,andinterpretingthemasresultsoffiveindependenthybridizationevents.
IncludingdescriptionofanewMexicanspecies–C.
liliputana.
)Suetsugu,K.
,Kawakita,A.
andKato,M.
2008.
HostrangeandselectivityofthehemiparasiticplantThesiumchinense(Santalaceae).
AnnalsofBotany102(1):49-55.
(T.
chinensishasawidehostrange,parasitizing22outof38speciesinthestudy,butwithsomeapparentpost-attachmentpreferenceforLespedezajunceaandEragrostiscurvula.
)SunWeiDong,ChenFeiandSunYun,2008.
TheinhibitingeffectsofHerbaCistancheonbegninprostatichyperplasia.
JournalofYangzhouUniversity,AgriculturalandLifeSciencesEdition29(3):55-58.
(ActeosidedistilledfromCistanchetubulosareducedtheprostateglandfreshweightintherat.
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H.
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W.
A.
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2008.
Cloningandcharacterisationofamaizecarotenoidcleavagedioxygenase(ZmCCD1)anditsinvolvementinthebiosynthesisofapocarotenoidswithvariousrolesinmutualisticandparasiticinteractions.
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K.
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2008.
ShadingsystemonsandalwoodseedlingsinTimor,EastNusaTenggara,Indonesia.
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GlobalpatternsofgeneexpressioninricecultivarsundergoingasusceptibleorresistantinteractionwiththeparasiticplantStrigahermonthica.
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(Resistantricerespondedtoparasitismasiftoamicrobialpathogen,withup-regulationofdefencegenesincludingpathogenesis-relatedproteins,pleiotropicdrugresistanceABCtransporters,genesinvolvedinphenylpropanoidmetabolismandWRKYtranscriptionfactors.
Susceptibleplantsdown-regulatedgeneexpressionassociatedwithplantgrowthregulatorsignallingandmetabolism,biogenesisofcellularcomponentsandcelldivision.
)TangWanXia,Hioki,H.
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andFukuyama,Y.
2008.
ClerodanediterpenoidswithNGF-potentiatingactivityfromPtychopetalumolacoides.
JournalofNaturalProducts71(10):1760-1763.
(FournewcompoundsidentifiedfromtheBrazilianplantP.
olacoides(Olacaceae).
Amixtureof2ofthem,ptychonalhemiacetalandptychonalexhibitedneuriteoutgrowth-promotingactivitiesonNGF-mediatedPC12cells.
)Taylor,B.
R.
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J.
2008.
NewdistributionrecordsforfloweringplantsinAntigonishCounty,NovaScotia.
ProceedingsoftheNovaScotianInstituteofScience44(2):109-123.
(Comandraumbellataamongtherarespeciesdiscussed.
)TeferiAregawi,SolomonMelakuandLisaneworkNigatu,2008.
Managementandutilizationofbrowsespeciesaslivestockfeedinsemi-ariddistrictofNorthEthiopia.
LivestockResearchforRuralDevelopment20(6):86.
(Ximeniaamericana(Olacaceae)among20speciesstudied.
)Tenpe,C.
R.
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B.
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U.
andYeole,P.
G.
2008.
Antioxidant,antihyperlipidaemicandantidiabeticactivityofDendrophthoefalcataleaves-apreliminarystudy.
PharmacognosyMagazine4(16(suppl.
)):S182-S187.
(AnethanolextractofD.
falcataleavespossessesgoodantioxidant,antihyperlipidemicandantidiabeticactivity.
)Tennant,D.
J.
2008.
Smallcow-wheatMelampyrumsylvaticumL.
;ScrophulariaceaeinEngland.
Watsonia27(1):23-36.
(M.
sylvaticumisarareplantofScotland,N.
IrelandandN.
England.
Itsdistributionandecologyarediscussedtogetherwiththereasonsforitsdecline.
)Thiele,K.
R.
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J.
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A.
2008.
Pilostylescoccoidea(Apodanthaceae),anewspeciesfromWesternAustraliadescribedfrommorphologicalandmolecularevidence.
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(DescribingP.
coccoidea,aholoparasiticplant,distinguishedfromtherelatedP.
collinaandP.
hamiltoniibymorphologicalfeaturesofflowersandfruits.
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J.
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2007.
HostspecificityintheparasiticplantCytinushypocistis.
ResearchLettersinEcology2007:84234.
http://www.
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1155/2007/84234(StudiesinS.
Portugalconfirmedonly2hostspeciesforC.
hypocystis,Halimiumhalimifoliumat3sites,andCistusmonspeliensisatoneotherwhereH.
halimifoliumdidnotoccur.
)Thorogood,C.
J.
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J.
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A.
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J.
2008.
Host-drivendivergenceintheparasiticplantOrobancheminorSm.
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MolecularEcology17(19):4289-4303.
(UsingISSRandSCARtechniquestoshowdistinctgeneticdifferencesbetweenpopulationsofO.
minorparasitizingcloverorwildcarrotandconcludingthathostspecificitymaybeanimportantdriverofallopatricspeciationinparasiticplants.
)Timus,A.
andCroitoru,N.
2007.
ThestateoftobaccocultureinRepublicMoldovaandphytosanitaryproblemsoftobaccoproduction.
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(OrobancheramosaandCuscutaspp.
listedamongthemostharmfulweeds.
Andnotingsomeherbicidetreatmentsthatareused.
)Tomilov,A.
A.
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B.
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I.
2008.
Trans-specificgenesilencingbetweenhostandparasiticplants.
PlantJournal56(3):389-397.
(HostplantsexpressingasilencinggeneconstructforGUStransmitthesilencingsignaltoTriphysariaandreduceGUSexpressionintheparasitenearthepointofattachment.
Thesignalwasalsoabletomovefromonehostplanttoanotherthroughasectionofparasiterootbridgingthetwohosts.
)Toshkova,T.
2007.
(Broomrape-distribution,biology,controlmethods.
)(inBulgarian)AgriculturalScience(SelskostopanskaNauka)40(5):11-20.
(Geographicaldistribution,biology,hosts,economicimportance,andcontrolofOrobanchespeciesaredescribed,presumablyforBulgaria.
)Tosi,L.
andNatalini,G.
2008.
(Warningoforobancheonpeasandbeans.
)(inItalian)InformatoreAgrario64(14):70.
(InfestationsofOrobancherapum-genistae,O.
crenataandO.
minorrecordedinpeaandbean(Phaseolusvulgaris)inUmbriain2007.
Somesuppressionachievedwitholiveresiduesanddeepploughing.
)Tóth,P.
,Tóthova,M.
andCagáň,L.
2008.
Potentialbiologicalcontrolagentsoffieldbindweed,commonteaselandfielddodderfromSlovakia.
In:Julien,M.
H.
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C.
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C,Hatcher,P.
E.
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L.
andRector,B.
G.
(eds)ProceedingsoftheXIIInternationalSymposiumonBiologicalControlofWeeds,LaGrandeMotte,France,22-27April,2007:216-220.
(Smicronyxjungermanniae(Curculionidae)wastheprincipalnaturalenemyofCuscutacampestrisinSlovakia.
Larvaeinducestemgalls,whichpreventfloweringandfruiting.
)Umehara,M.
etal.
2008.
Inhibitionofshootbranchingbynewterpenoidplanthormones.
Nature(London)455(7210):195-200.
(ListedinHaustorium53asweb-siteonly.
Nowpublished.
)Usuplic,M.
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andMujezinovic,O.
2008.
(Theinfluenceofmistletoe(Viscumalbumssp.
abietis/Wiesb.
/Abromeit)onthebiomassofSilverfir(AbiesalbaMill.
)needles.
)Radovi-umarskiInstitutJastrebarsko43(1):31-38.
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albumssp.
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Highinfestationreducedneedlebiomassandincreasedsusceptibilitytopathogensandpests.
)VicasS.
I.
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2007.
VariationinantioxidantactivityoffreshanddriedleavesofViscumalbumusingautomaticFRAPassay.
BulletinofUniversityofAgriculturalSciencesandVeterinaryMedicineCluj-Napoca.
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(Noabstractavailable.
)Vicas,S.
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2008.
AntioxidantactivitiesofViscumalbum'sleavesfromvarioushosttrees.
BulletinofUniversityofAgriculturalSciencesandVeterinaryMedicineCluj-Napoca.
Agriculture65(1):327-332.
(V.
albumfrom5hostsinRomania,Acercampestre,Malusdomestica,Fraxinusexcelsior,PopulusnigraandRobiniapseudoacaciawerecomparedinvitro.
ThatfromR.
pseudoacaciahadthehighestantioxidantactivity,thatfromP.
nigratheleast,justunderhalf.
)VicasS.
I.
andSocaciu,C.
2007.
ThebiologicalactivityofEuropeanmistletoe(Viscumalbum)extractsandtheirpharmaceuticalimpact.
BulletinofUniversityofAgriculturalSciencesandVeterinaryMedicineCluj-Napoca.
Agriculture63/64:217-222.
(DeducingthatlectinsandviscotoxinsarenottheonlyactivecomponentsofV.
albumextracts.
Alsoreviewingrecentstudiesonthecytotoxicactivityofmistletoeextractsontumourcells,andtheroleofV.
albumindiabetesandhypertension.
)Vidal-Russell,R.
andNickrent,D.
L.
2008.
Evolutionaryrelationshipsintheshowymistletoefamily(Loranthaceae).
AmericanJournalofBotany9(8):1015-1029.
(The3relictroot-parasiticgenera,Nuytsia,AtkinsoniaandGaiadendron(withchromosomenumberx=12)aresupportedassuccessivesistertaxatotheremaining70generawhichforma.
monophyleticgroupofaerialparasites,dividedintooneclearsub-tribeLoranthinae(x=9)andamoreweaklysupportedPsittacanthinae(x=8)containingtheS.
AmericanTristerixandNotantheraandtheNewZealandgenusTupeia.
)VijyataKapoorandSharma,Y.
P.
2007.
Hostrange,severityandintensityofCuscutacampestrisYunckerinfestationsinJammuProvinceofJammuandKashmir.
IndianJournalofWeedScience39(1/2):146-148.
(Noabstractavailable.
)Vissoh,P.
V.
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,Rling,N.
G.
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W.
2008.
EvaluationofintegratedcropmanagementstrategiesemployedtocopewithStrigainfestationinpermanentlandusesystemsinsouthernBenin.
InternationalJournalofPestManagement54(3):197-206.
(Reportinglimitedbenefitsfromtransplantingsorghumandfromtrap-cropsforthecontrolofS.
hermonthicaandS.
gesnerioides,seriouspestsinS.
Benin.
)Wada,H.
,Koyama,H.
,Takahashi,N.
andTakahashi,A.
2006.
Distributionofmistletoes(Viscumalbum)andsitepreferenceofseed-dispersingbirdsoncanopylayerofpurestandofbeechtrees.
TohokuJournalofForestScience11(2):97-101.
(Noabstractavailable.
)WangYan,DengMin,ZhangShuYan,ZhouZheKunandTianWeiXi,2008.
ParasiticloranthusfromLoranthaceaeratherthanViscaceaepotentlyinhibitsfattyacidsynthaseandreducesbodyweightinmice.
JournalofEthnopharmacology118(3):473-478.
(Testsonmiceshowedtheactivityofextractsfrom11speciesofLoranthaceaewasvastlygreaterthanthosefromViscumarticulatumorV.
liquidambaricolaininhibitingfattyacidsynthesis,confirmingthepotentialforTaxilluschinensisandotherLoranthaceaeincontrolofobesity.
)Wegge,P.
andKastdalen,L.
2008.
Habitatanddietofyounggrousebroods:resourcepartitioningbetweenCapercaillie(Tetraourogallus)andBlackGrouse(Tetraotetrix)inborealforests.
JournalofOrnithology149(2):237-244.
(Melampyrumsylvaticumisconsumedbycapercaillie,morethanbyblackgrouse(inNorway),associatedwiththeoccurrenceofthisspeciesinthemoreinsect-richVacciniumvegetationfavouredbythecapercaillie.
)Westbury,D.
B.
andDunnett,N.
P.
2008.
Thepromotionofgrasslandforbabundance:achemicalorbiologicalsolutionBasicandAppliedEcology9(6):653-662.
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)Westfall,J.
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2007.
2007summaryofforesthealthconditionsinBritishColumbia.
B.
C.
MinistryofForestsandRange,MackenzieForestDistrict.
PestManagementReportNumber15:72pp.
(IncludingreferencetoArceuthobiumspp.
)Wickett,N.
J.
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,Hansen,S.
K.
,Roper,J.
M.
,Kuehl,J.
V.
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A.
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G.
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W.
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L.
andGoffinet,B.
2008.
FunctionalgenelossesoccurwithminimalsizereductionintheplastidgenomeoftheparasiticliverwortAneuramirabilis.
MolecularBiologyandEvolution25(2):393-401.
(Aneuramirabilisisaparasiticliverwortthatexploitsanexistingmycorrhizalassociationbetweenabasidiomyceteandahosttree.
Itistheonlyknownparasiticseedlesslandplantwithacompletelynon-photosyntheticlifehistory.
Thepatternofgenomeevolutioniscomparablewiththatinparasiticangiospermsbutsuggeststhatitsplastidgenomeisintheearlystagesofdecayfollowingtherelaxationofselectionpressures.
)Williams,A.
M.
,Secomb,N.
M.
andVirtue,J.
G.
2008.
Understandingthebehaviourofdazometindrylandbroadacrefieldsituations.
Proceedingsofthe16thAustralianWeedsConference,CairnsConventionCentre,NorthQueensland,Australia,18-22May,2008:339.
(ReportingonastudytodeterminethelethaldoseexposuresrequiredtokillseedsofOrobancheramosa,notyetcompleted.
)Wlfle,U.
2008.
(Ximeniaamericana.
)(inGerman)ZeitschriftfürPhytotherapie29(3):150-153.
(ProvidingadetailedoverviewofX.
americana(Olacaceae)anditsusesintraditionalmedicineinAfrica,duetoitsantibacterialandantiviraleffects,andforitsediblepulp.
)Woomer,P.
L.
andSavala,C.
E.
N.
2008.
StrigaTechnologyExtensionProject(STEP):LongRains2008Report.
ForumforOrganicResourceManagementandAgriculturalTechnology.
Nairobi,Kenya.
36pp.
(Describingtheearlyresultsfromaone-yearprojectintroducinglargenumbersoffarmstotheuseofimazapyr-treatedmaizeseedforcontrolofStrigahermonthicainW.
Kenya(seeitemonAATFabove).
Wurochekke,A.
U.
,Anthony,A.
E.
andObidah,W.
2008.
BiochemicaleffectsontheliverandkidneyofratsadministeredaqueousstembarkextractofXemeniaamericana.
AfricanJournalofBiotechnology7(16):2777-2780.
(ExtractsofXimenia(notXemenia)americana(Olacaceae)apparentlycausedliverdamagebutdidnotaffectkidneys.
)Yagame,T.
,Fukiharu,T.
,Yamato,M.
,Suzuki,A.
andIwase,K.
2008.
IdentificationofamycorrhizalfungusinEpipogiumroseum(Orchidaceae)frommorphologicalcharacteristicsofbasidiomata.
Mycoscience49(2):147-151.
(Coprinellusdisseminatus(=Coprinusdisseminatus)identifiedasmycobiontoftheachlorophyllousE.
roseum.
)YangFuSheng,LiYuFei,DingXinandWangXiaoQuan,2008.
ExtensivepopulationexpansionofPedicularislongiflora(Orobanchaceae)ontheQinghai-TibetanPlateauanditscorrelationwiththeQuaternaryclimatechange.
MolecularEcology17(23):5135-5145.
(StudiesofchloroplastDNAsuggestthatthesoutheastTibetanplateauwaseitherarefugeforP.
longifloraduringtheQuaternaryclimaticchangeoristheplaceoforiginofthespecies.
Thepresentwidedistributionofthespecieshasresultedfrom'recent'populationexpansionsdatedbackto120,000-17,000yearsago.
)YangJianXiong,WangYali,BaoYuandGuoJuan,2008.
ThetotalflavonesfromSemencuscutaereversethereductionoftestosteronelevelandtheexpressionofandrogenreceptorgeneinkidney-yangdeficientmice.
JournalofEthnopharmacology119(1):166-171.
('Semencuscutae'almostcertainlyderivedfromseedsofCuscutachinensis.
)Yarnell,E.
andAbascal,K.
2008.
Holisticapproachestoprostatecancer.
AlternativeandComplementaryTherapies14(4):164-180.
(ListingViscumalbumextractsamongmanyotherswithpotentialforthetreatmentofprostatecancer.
)Yoneyama,K.
,XieXiaoNan,Sekimoto,H.
,Takeuchi,Y.
,Ogasawara,S.
,Akiyama,K.
,Hayashi,H.
andYoneyama,K.
2008.
Strigolactones,hostrecognitionsignalsforrootparasiticplantsandarbuscularmycorrhizalfungi,fromFabaceaeplants.
NewPhytologist179(2):484-494.
(Arangeofstrigolactoneswasdetectedin12speciesofFabaceae,includingLupinusalbus,anon-hostofAMfungi,butinthelatter,theirexudationwasnotincreasedbyNandPdeficienciesasinotherlegumes.
)YuHua,YuFeiHai,MiaoShiLiandDongMing,2008.
HoloparasiticCuscutacampestrissuppressesinvasiveMikaniamicranthaandcontributestonativecommunityrecovery.
BiologicalConservation141(10):2653-2661.
(Surveysat4sitesinGuangdongProvince,China,concludethatC.
campestrisintroduced1-5yearspreviously,hadprovidedincreasinglyeffectivecontrolofM.
micranthawithoutundesirableeffectsonnon-targetspecies.
)Zahran,E.
,Sauerborn,J.
,Elmagid,A.
A.
,Abbasher,A.
A.
andMüller-Stver,D.
2008.
Granularformulationsandseedcoating:deliveryoptionsfortwofungalbiologicalcontrolagentsofStrigahermonthica.
JournalofPlantDiseasesandProtection115(4):178-185.
(Bestresults(almostcompletecontrolofS.
hermonthicaandgreatlyimprovedsorghumgrowth)wereobtainedwithFusariumAbuharaz(FA)formulatedin'Pesta'.
Formulationinalginate,andseeddressingsweresomewhatlesseffective.
)*ZhongkuiSun,Hans,J.
,Walter,M.
H.
,Matusova,R.
,Beekwilder,J.
,Verstappen,F.
W.
A.
,ZhaoMingandBouwmeester,H.
J.
2008.
Cloningandcharacterisationofamaizecarotenoidcleavagedioxygenase(ZmCCD1)anditsinvolvementinthebiosynthesisofapocarotenoidswithvariousrolesinmutualisticandparasiticinteractions.
Planta2DOI10.
1007/s00425-008-0781-6(http://www.
springerlink.
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pdf)(CCD1expressionwasincreasedinresponsetorootcolonizationbyarbuscularmycorrhizalfungi,butisnotconsideredtobepartofthepathwayleadingtostrigolactonesynthesis.
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(CuscutacampestrislistedamongquarantinepestsoftheVoronezhregion/)HAUSTORIUM54hasbeeneditedbyChrisParker,5RoyalYorkCrescent,BristolBS84JZ,UK(Emailchrisparker5@compuserve.
com),LyttonMusselman,ParasiticPlantLaboratory,DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,OldDominionUniversity,NorfolkVirginia23529-0266,USA(fax7576835283;Emaillmusselm@odu.
edu),JimWestwood,Dept.
ofPlantPathology,PhysiologyandWeedScience,VirginiaTech,Blacksburg,VA24061-0331,USA(Emailwestwood@vt.
edu)andDiegoRubiales,Dep.
MejorayAgronomía,InstitutoAgriculturaSostenible,CSIC,Apdo4084,E-14080Cordoba,Spain(Email:ge2ruozd@uco.
es);withvaluedassistancefromDanNickrent,SouthernIllinoisUniversity,Carbondale,USA.
ItisproducedanddistributedbyChrisParkerandpublishedbyOldDominionUniversity(ISSN1944-6969).
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