Twtrt5xoy.com

h}QWu=Qta|UOvyt113"X'2|xQ=tW'282|xQwOOriginalArticle|=yx=oQPo|=Q@hO=YD`wkwCOW|v}@V}BpOtu=Q}=|}xO=H-|r}QO=DU=|D};p}a=tU=OyWt|UwOQix=oWv=O'u=Qta|UOvyt|xOmWv=OQ=}Wv=O|OwQOQU|Qm=P|raQ=@Hu=Q}=CavYwsrax=oWv=O'uy;x=Q|UOvyt|xOmWv=O|QDmO|wHWv=O|kO=YQeY=|raOyWt|UwOQix=oWv=O'u=Qta|UOvyt|xOmWv=O|tyt|xrUtO}OWhO=YD`wkwp=tDL==@\=kv|}=U=vW'R}NxFO=L\=kvEL@QOC=YNWtT=U=Q@xm|Q=t;|=ypOtR=xO=iDU=xRwQt="OwWxHwDu;x@O}=@xmCU=|}=U=vW|=yVwQR=|m}'OwW|txDN=U=yO=YD`wkw|xJN}Q=Dw'|UOvy'|m}i=QDX=N|D}akwtQO|r=tDL=CQ=UNu=R}twxH}Dv=ypOtu}=QO"CU=R}NxFO=L\=kv|=yx=oQPo|=yhO=YDCOWC}a[w|xOvyOu=Wvxm|rOtuwvm=DwOwW|tx@U=LtC=aq]=R=xO=iDU==@Q=DWwvu}=QO"CU=xOWvx}yD'OW=@u=Q}=|}xO=H-|r}Q|xrY=iQO=yu;QOxOW`k=w|=yhO=YDw=yx=oQPo|UOvyw|m}i=QDC=YNWtCOW|v}@V}BpOt'xDi=}s}taD|]Nuw}UQoQ|Q}oQ=mx@=@13851381|=yp=U|R=Uut}=|Ov@C}wrw=Qw_vtx@pOtu}=R=xO=iDU="CU=xOWx}yDhO=YD`wkw"""w`@=vtX}YND'x=oQPo\}=QWQ}}eD=@x=oQPoQy|xOv};C}a[w|v}@V}B'=yx=oQPo"OwW|tO=yvW}BQwWmuy;x=QQOeayati@yahoo.
comzakeri@iust.
ac.
irali.
sadeghi@stu-mail.
um.
ac.
ir|}xrtHwOpOt'hO=YDCOWpOt'|}xO=H-|r}Qx=oQPo%|O}rmu=oS=w"|ivtxJOkJ|a=tDH=w|ovyQis}kDUtQ}eQ=F;'|v=wQC=L=QH'xYe'se|xv}Ry's=O[]"OwW|t`=tDH=w'=yxO=wv=NQO=yhO=YD|}xO=Hpwtat|=yhO=YD|=yxv}Ryx@\w@QtxmxOWQmP|=yxv}RyQ@xwqaCmQLQOQ}N-=D|xv}Ry|}xO=H-|r}QK]Usy|=yx=oQPo|=yhO=YDQO'CU=OvJQ}N-=D\ki,qFt"OQmxi=[=O}=@R}v=Q|OwOUtO=H}=QDO}OWQw]x@w=yQ=]kOyWt-u=QyDQwLtOvv=tO=}ROOQD=@|=yQwLtQO=yQ=]kCmQLQO|}xk}kOOwW|t\N|Q=OyovwQ}taDu=tRVy=m=}wQo}O|=yQ=]ks=Ra=QOQ}N-=DHwtu}vJty"OwW|tQwWmpm|DQ=@ax@=}wuy;x=Qx@|O=}RQ=}U@C=Q=UNEa=@xm=QsOQt|O=tDa=|@w=yxv=UQQO=yu;`}UwT=mav=wKv=wUxvwou}=uOw@O}OW"OQ@O=}R=O}=@vR}v|x}rkv]=Uww=yQ=]ku}@p=UQOhO=YD100,=@}QkD=}r=QDU=QO"OwW|tnQtx@QHvt=yhO=YDu}=OYQO8OwOLxmOyO|tMQ|}xO=Hu}QDu=Qo|xQtRQO|}xO=H-|r}QK]Usy|=yx=oQPo|=yhO=YD=}r=QDU=QOhO=YDQyQOQqOQ=Ry180OwOLxmCU=xOWxORu}tNDwCU=yhO=YD"OwW|tOQ=wCQ=UN|QyWQ}e|L=wvQOQqOQ=Ry430w|QyW|L=wvQOQwD=QB=|=Q@w'\N'Q=]kQ}taD|=Q@uy;x=Q|xQ=O=|=yxv}RyR==OHs=kQ=u}='|a}@]Q}eQ}twnQtQOsyt|rt=a|xrRvtx@|}xO=H|=yhO=YDxRwQt="CU=xaUwDp=LQO|=yQwWmXwYNx@wu=yH|=yQwWmR=|Q=}U@Q}ou=@}Qow|r=tQ_vR=|v}ovU|=yCQ=UNHwt|}xO=H|=yhO=YDxr=UQyp=UQO\ki"OwW|txat=Hpmx@R}vw=yhO=YDQOQ}oQOO=Qi=x@|v=HxOW|}xO=H|=yhO=YD|xv}Ry|rtXr=N=vO}rwDR=7R=V}@'1380[]"CU=|x}rkv|xr}UwwQ=]ku}@|=yhO=YD'|}xO=H|=yhO=YD`=wv=u}@QOpwtathO=YDQy|xv}Ry"CU=yhO=YDu}QDu=Qowu}QDO}OW|xQtRQO|}xO=H'|v=tUHC=L=QHu=tQO|xv}Ry|ak=wwTwtrt's}kDUt|xv}Rypt=W|}xO=HC=kw=|xv}Ry'xO}OCQ=UN=}xDiQu}@R=u=LwQHtR=u=oOWCwip=Ut|Q}o|BQOu=oDU@wu=DUwO|xOWhQYtC=kw=A=yu;|xO=wv=NQwt=x@|oO}UQwu=LwQHtp=Ut'CF=QwQYLp}@kR="PT!
&9CPIs=O|=yC}rwratw8CFxOWxDWmO=Qi=|xv}RyxO}OCQ=UN=}xDiQu}@R=|=}W=w'Cq;u}W=t'C=R}yHD|xv}Ry|x@U=Lt&10PP[%M$]"11AC|Q=O=|=yxv}Ry&"""w|OwQOQU|Qm=P|raQ=@H'|D};p}a=tU="hO=YDCOW|ivt|}xrtHwOpOt|=Q@5)5Q=Ri=sQv|HwQN"1pmW"hO=YDCOW|v}@V}BpOt|@=}Q=@Da=|=Q@|DiH6uwtR;G}=Dv"2pwOH|k}kL6uwtR;pOtxH}DvQ=Okt26|O=R;|xHQOQ=}ath=QLv=\UwDt"CU=Q@DatpOt02971072164814816|x]@=Q|ivt|}xrtHwO}=Q[Q}@aD"4"5COW'QDt=Q=Bu;V}=Ri==@xmCU=u;|xOvyOu=Wv'C@Ft}=Q[16pOtQO=@xmCU=u;|xOvyOu=Wv|ivtCtqa=@}=Q[wO@=}|tV}=Ri=hO=YD"O@=}|tVy=mhO=YDCOW'xYNWtu;Q=OktV}=Ri='hO=YD`wkwCQwYQOxmOyO|tu=WvxO=HZQa|xYNWt}Q[ZQa=t=C=YNWtu=ty=@|y=oQPoR=QDt8R=QDtm|xO=HZQa=@|y=oQPo^=LrR=xH}Dvu}="CW=OOy=wN|QDW}@hO=YDCOW'QDt8R=QDW}@|xO=HV}=Ri==@hO=YDCOWVy=mp}rOO}=W"OwW|tvxO=OK}[wD|DL=Qx@|UOvyt|D=YNWtQo}OQF==}wOQwNQ@R=R}Qo|=Q@xOvv=QQwv=tCQOkV}=Ri='x=QZQa[']"CU=xOWvOQ=wpOtQO=t='CU=xOw@\w@QthO=YDCOWx@xmOW=@pOtQO,qFt'CU=xOt;CUOx@|y@=WtG}=DvR}vu=kkLtQo}OC=k}kLDQOxD@r=xO=iDU=OQwtx=oQPo22|=Q@xOWOQw;Q@w|D=Oy=WtQ}O=ktR=|}xU}=kt"2pmW"pOt|@=}Q=@Da=QO'"""|=yx=oQPo|=Q@hO=YD`wkwCOW|v}@V}BpOt|Q}oxH}Dv"6]=Uwu}@hO=YDR=,=U=U=|}xO=H|x}rkv]=Uww=yQ=]ku}@hO=YDC}y=t|W@vH|SQv=wOvm|tCmQL|D@=F\NQOQ=]k=Q}R'CU=Cw=iDt|QwDwt|x}rkv,=twta=yx=oQPosmO=OaDp}rOx@u}vJty"OQ=Ov`}QUhkwD|}=v=wDwOQ=O|}q=@|=Q@hO=YDOwHwt|=ypOt'=yCw=iDu}=|xH}DvQO"OvQ=Ov|}=vW;u;=@u=oOvv=Q["]"CU}vQ@Dat=yx=oQPoQO|i=mO}OuOQmsy=Qi|=Q@xO=H|=yVN@Qo}O=}C=a]=kDw`@=vt|xv}y@X}YNDw`}QU|R=Uy@Qw_vtx@Q]NQB|=yx=oQPo|}=U=vWR=|m}"CU==yhO=YDQ=@u=}RQ=F;Vy=m|=Q@|U=U=|Q=my=Q'OwOLtC=v=mt=ULQ@hO=YD`wkwCOW|v}@V}B'=yx=oQPoR}NxFO=L\=kv|}=U=vWpt=waQ=DWwvu}=QO"CU=yx=oQPoQO=yhO=YD|xJN}Q=Dw|UOvy'|m}i=QDC=YNWt|x]@=Q'xDWPo|=yp=UQO=yhO=YDC=aq]=w=yx=oQPoC=YNWtR=xO=iDU==@'16|x]@=QT=U=Q@"OW|iQathO=YD`wkwCOW|v}@V}BpOt|xrRvtx@16%O@=}|tVy=mOQ=wtu}=QO=yhO=YDCOW&=yQ=]kCaQUVy=m&QDy@O}OCi=UtO=H}=&OQwNQ@|x}w=Rwx=oQPoQOxO=HTwk`iQ"Q}oCaQUYv|[a@QOR}vwOwWxO=OV}=Ri==yQ=]kCaQUCU=wr]txm=Hv;R=u}QDy@'CU=xH=wt=yC}OwOLt|Q=}U@=@U=vtO}OCi=Utu}t-=DOQ=wtQ}oCaQUYv=yx=oQPoQOhO=YDCOWVy=m|=Q@VwQu}QDxv}Rysmw3808smCUO'u;Ok=ix=oQPol}QOQ}oCaQUYv=@pOtj@]"CU="O@=}|tVy=m|r=tDL=hO=YDCOW'(100[1A"%'!
])x=oQPoQyQO|r=tDL=|=yhO=YDCOWu=wD|txOWx=Q=pOtR=xO=iDU==@=yx=oQPo|Ov@C}wrw=|=Q@|Q=}at|xrRvtx@pOtu}=}DQDu}O@"OQm|v}@V}B=Q"OwW|txO=iDU==yx=oQPouOQmK]UsyQ}ew|R=Uy@|=yxSwQBx}HwDxrtHR=w[$]OQ=Po|tQF=hO=YDCOWQ@uy;x=Q\w]NO=OaDQ}eDt=O=v=mhO=YDCOWQDW}@Q}twnQtp=tDL=uy;x=Q\w]NO=OaDV}=Ri==@R}vUS.
DOTpOtQO=}"CU}vK}[wDp@=k|DL=Qx@R}v\@=wQu}=xmOwW|tQOxm|}=yx=oQPoQOhO=YDxmOyO|tu=WvxO=H`wv|xYNWt}Q[w|}=DUwQ|=yx=QQOxm|}=yx=oQPox@C@UvOQ=OQ=Qk|aQiw|rY=|=yx=Qp@=k,=t}kDUtR}vxYNWtu}="OQ=O|QDW}@COW'CU=xOW`k=w|Y=YDN=CaQUsytpt=apOtO=H}=|=Q@|OwQw|=yxO=OQOxm=Hv;R==t="CU}vK}[wD,=trUt"OwW|txO=OC@Uv|}xO=HCaQUx@QDt=Q=Bu}='CW=OvOwHw|}xO=HQDq=@|Y=YDN=w|}=DUwQR=|aQiw|rY=|=yxO=HQOx}rkvp}=UwCaQU"CU=|y}O@R}vCaQUV}=Ri==@hO=YDCOWV}=Ri=|x]@=Q"CU=u=WvpOt"CU=srUt|Qt=R}vQ=]kCaQUV}=Ri==@hO=YDCOWV}=Ri=|=yCaQU\UwDt=@|y=oQPoQOhO=YDCOWu=Um}\}=QWQOxmOyO|t|=yCaQU\UwDt=@|y=oQPo*Q@=Q@wOR=V}@'Ca=UQ@QDtwr}m60R=QDW}@Q=]k=yQ=]kCaQUxJQo="CU=x@=Wtpt=waQo}OCa=UQ@QDtwr}m60R=QDtmQ=]kOw@tmp}rOx@,q=tDL==t='CU=xOW|iQatQ=Ri=sQvx@K]UQ=yJQO=yx=oQPoQOR=V}@x@=yQ=]kCaQUV}=Ri==@,qFt|Q=O|vat|x]@=Q[]'hO=YDOQ=wt"Ot=}vCUOx@'Ca=UQ@QDtwr}m120|UOvyt\=@vDU==@O}OCi=UtwxO=HQOTwkOwHw|=yxYNWt}=Q[u}t-=Du=oOvv=Q|=Q@|i=mO}OCi=Ut|Dkw,=trUt"CU=j@]vt,qt=mC=Oy=WtwU=vtptar=TmauO=Ou=Wvw|Q}os}tYD|=Q@|QDW}@u=tR=yu;'OW=@xOW|xOy=Wt=@xOvv=QxmCU=|O=}R|=yhO=YDQt=u}=RQ=@|xvwtv"CW=OOvy=wNlQD=@'x=oQPoR=x}rkv|xr}UwuOQmGQ=NQO|v=wD=vT=UL=wQ=]kuOWl}ORv15smCUOxOWVQ=Ro|=yhO=YDQOCU=xO=OC=Hv=QOwNu=H'xr}UwC=Hv=QOwNV=xr}UwlQD=@m=Q'Q=]k=@Crm}UQwDwt|=yhO=YDR=OQwtOwW|t|}xO=H|x}rkv]=UwCaQUVy=mEa=@Q}oCaQUOwHw"CU=xO=Ou}==@pOtQOxOt;CUOx@}Q["O=OOy=wNVy=m=QhO=YDCOW,=trUtw"CU=nvy=ty,qt=mK}[wDC9wL=*1.
maximumlikelihood2.
deviance3.
PearsonChi-square4.
scaleddeviance5.
scaledPearsonChi-square6.
costofinjuredpeople7.
priceoftime8.
costoffatality9.
costofpermanentinjury10.
priceofproperties11.
administrationcostReferences`(=vJ1.
Ayati,E.
,TheCostofTracAccidentsinIran,Mash-had,FerdowsiUniversityPress,pp.
118(2009).
2.
AustralianTransportCouncilNationalRailwayLevelCrossingSafetyStrategy,AustralianTransportCouncil(2003).
3.
Oh,J.
;Washington,S.
P.
andNama,D.
\Accidentpre-dictionmodelforrailway-highwayinterfaces",JournalofAccidentAnalysisandPrevention,!
&,pp.
346-356(2006).
4.
Saccomanno,F.
;Fu,L.
;Ren,C.
andMiranda,L.
,Iden-tifyingHighway-RailwayGradeCrossingBlackspots:Phase1,TransportationDevelopmentCentreTransportCanada,TP14168E(2003).
5.
FederalHighwayAdministration,Railroad-HighwayGradeCrossingHandbook,RevisedSecondEdition,FHWA-SA-07-010,WashingtonDC20590,(2007).
6.
Saccomanno,F.
F.
;Fu,L.
andMiranda,M.
F.
\Risk-basedmodelforidentifyuinghighway-railgradecross-ingblackspotes",JournalofTransportationResearchRecord,WashingtonD.
C.
,pp.
127-135(2004).
"""w|OwQOQU|Qm=P|raQ=@H'|D};p}a=tU=7.
CliforniaDepartmentofTransportation,CaliforniaLife-CycleBenet/CostAnalysisModel,B002Allen&Hamil-tonInc,SanDiego,California(1999).
8.
Myers,R.
H.
,Montgomery,D.
C.
,Vining.
G.
G.
,Gener-alizedLinearModels:WithApplicationsinEngineeringandtheSciences,TranslatedbyNiromandH.
,Mashhad,FerdowsiUniversityPress,pp.
140(2006).
9.
Greene,W.
,EconometricAnalysis,MacmillanPublish-ing,NewYork(1993).
10.
Hauer,E.
andPersaud,B.
N.
\Howtoestimatethesafetyofrail-highwaygradecrossingandtheeectsofwarningdevices",JournalofTransportationResearch,Record1114,TRB,Washington,DC,pp.
131-140(1987).
11.
Lord,D.
;Washington,S.
andIvan,J.
\Poisson,poisson-gamma,andzeroinatedregressionmodelsofmotorve-hiclecrashes:Balancingstatisticaltandtheory",Jour-nalofAccidentAnalysisandPrevention,!
%,pp.
35-46(2005).
12.
CrossingDatabase,DepartmentofTrackandInfrastruc-tures,I.
R.
IranRailway.
13.
Sharafeddin,M.
,CalculationofSafetyIndexforCross-ingsinDepartmentsofTrackandInfrastructure,De-partmentofTrackandInfrastructures,I.
R.
IranRailway(2005).
14.
MinistryofRoadandTransportation,ResearchCen-terofRoadandTransportation,SafetyEvaluationandSafetyManualofRailwaycrossing:ResearchReport1,ResearchCenterofRoadandTransportation(2005).
15.
Departmentofsafetyandmovement,StatisticsofCrashes,I.
R.
IranRailway,Departmentofsafetyandmovement(2007).
16.
Roess,R.
P.
;Prassas,E.
S.
andMcShane,W.
R.
\Traf-cengineering,thirdedition",PrenticeHallInc.
,NewJersey(2004).
17.
BureauofTransportandCommunicationEconomics,SocialCostofTransportAccidentsinAustralia,BTCEReport79(1992).
18.
Negahban,A.
andMostajabi,F.
,\Aguidetore-searchmethodologywithaidofquestionnaire",Jihad-e-DaneshgahiPublication(2005).
19.
Hu,S.
R.
;Li,C.
S.
andLee,C.
K.
\Investigationofkeyfactorsforaccidentseverityatrailroadgradecrossingsbyusingalogitmodel",JournalofSafetyScienceSafetyScience,"&,pp.
186-194(2010).
20.
Davey,J.
;Wallace,A.
;Stenson,N.
andFreeman,J.
\In-teractionsbetweenrailandroadsafetyinGreatBritain",JournalofAccidentAnalysisandPrevention,",pp.
1217-1222(2008).