Input and Second Language Acquisition
[Abstract] The behaviorist, the mentalist and the interactionist have differentemphases on the role input in Second Language Acquisition. In order to protrude theimportance of second language teaching, it is indispensible to discuss thecharacteristics of input and to explore its effects.
[Key words] InputSecond Language AcquisitionC haracteristicsEffects
1.Different emphases on the role input in Second Language Acquisition
Ellis distinguishes three different views about the role of input: the behaviorist,the mentalist and the interactionist.
Behaviorists reject the idea of ‘mind’ as an object inquiry; they ignore theinternal processing which takes place inside the learner. They propose a directrelationship between input and output.With stimuli, the person speaking to the learnergives the models of specific linguistic forms and patterns which the learnerinternalize s by imitating them.Children are considered to study through intimating.Feedback takes the form of positive reinforcement or correction, depending onwhether the learner’ s output is perceived to be target-like.
Mentalist theories emphasize the importance of the learner’ s black box.Everylearner is equipped with a LAD including innate knowledge of essence and structureof human language.Although input is the vital condition for L2 acquisition, it only atrigger that set off internal language processing instead of having no direct effects. Inother words mentalists believe that input triggers the internal general grammaticalsystem of learners to make acquisition.
The interactionist theories are divided into two different types.One is cognitiveinteractionist theories and the other is social interactionist theories. The formerfocuses on the complex interaction of the linguistic environment and the learner’ sinternal mechanisms and believes that acquisition is seen as a product of interaction ofthe learners’ psychological ability and language input.A common assumption is thatinput does have a determining function in language acquisition,but only within theconstraints imposed by the learner’ s internal mechanism.The social interactionisttheories emphasize that verbal interaction is of crucial importance for languagelearning and acquisition is made through communication between learners.However,many cognitive interactionist theories also see social interaction as the primarymechanism of mental reorganization.
2.The characteristics of the input in SLA
v5.net一直做独立服务器这块儿的,自从推出云服务器(VPS)以来站长一直还没有关注过,在网友的提醒下弄了个6G内存、2核、100G SSD的美国云服务器来写测评,主机测评给大家趟雷,让你知道v5.net的美国云服务器效果怎么样。本次测评数据仅供参考,有兴趣的还是亲自测试吧! 官方网站:https://v5.net/cloud.html 从显示来看CPU是e5-2660(2.2GHz主频),...
国外商家提供Windows系统的并不常见,CheapWindowsVPS 此次提供的 2 款 VPS 促销套餐,提供 5 折永久优惠码,优惠后月付 4.5 美元起,价格还是挺诱人的,VPS 不限流量,接入 1Gbps 带宽,8 个机房皆可选,其中洛杉矶机房还提供亚洲优化网络供选择,操作系统有 Windows 10 专业版、2012 R2、2016、Linux等。Cheap Windows VPS是...
RackNerd 商家给的感觉就是一直蹭节日热点,然后时不时通过修改配置结构不断的提供低价年付的VPS主机,不过他们家还是在做事的,这么两年多的发展,居然已经有新增至十几个数据中心,而且产品线发展也是比较丰富。比如也有独立服务器业务,不过在他们轮番的低价年付VPS主机活动下,他们的服务器估摸着销路不是太好的。这里,今天有看到RackNerd商家的独立服务器业务有促销。这次提供美国多个机房的高配独立...