phospholipids666abcd.com

943IndexAA.
SeeAdenineAADs.
SeeAntiarrhythmicdrugsAAI.
SeeAtrial-basedpacingAbandonedleads,791ABCD.
SeeAlternansbeforeCardioverter-DebrillatortrialAblation,7.
SeealsoRadiofrequencyablationalcoholseptal,44withARVC,650,834–836ofatrioventricularnode,844withATS,832withBS,830–831Holtermonitoringafter,828–830withLQTS,831–832septal,620withVF,826–836withVT,826–836forWPW,665–666Absorption,694AC.
SeeAdenylcyclaseACC/AHA/NASPE.
SeeAmericanCollegeofCardiology/AmericanHeartAssociation/NorthAmericanSocietyforPacingandElectrophysiologyAccentuatedantagonism,56ACE.
SeeAngiotensin-convertingenzymeACEI.
SeeAngiotensin-convertingenzymeinhibitorsAcetylcholine,140APDand,507–508bindingof,53hyperpolarizationby,67repolarizationand,109inSAN,318forSQTS,557Acetylcholinereceptors,6cloningof,194AcidosisEADsand,72SQTSand,557AcquiredBrugadasyndromeAADsand,721–723ajmalineand,722amitriptylineand,723diltiazemand,723disopyramideand,722electrolytesand,179,725ecainideand,721hyperthermiaand,179,724–725hypothermiaand,179,724–725insulinand,179,725lidocaineand,722mexiletineand,722nicorandiland,723pilsicainideand,721procainamideand,722STsegmentand,179verapamiland,722Acquiredcardiacarrhythmias,179Acquireddrug-inducedlongQTsyndrome(ADILQTS),99–100,179–180,678,705–716diagnosisof,713–715riskfactorsfor,707,713–715α-actinin-2,239Actionpotential(AP),4,14–15withabnormalautomaticity,68incardiomyocytes,32withEADs,261withECC,146ioncurrentsand,32inLQTS,17inregionsofheart,16upstrokeof,18Actionpotentialduration(APD),73,86,305,309,395AADsand,134acetylcholineand,507–508ATRand,272withCHF,267–268EADsand,73,693electrolytesand,694brillationand,264HFand,291–292hypokalemiaand,694INaand,165,180J-waveand,507K+channeland,693monophasic,308–309,512repolarizationand,307sodiumcurrentand,294Activation,13–14Activationrecoveryintervals(ARIs),512Acuteaorticdissection,491AcuteInfarctionRamiprilEfcacyStudy(AIRE),763Acutemechanicalstimulation,155Acutemyocardialischemia,44Acutepulmonaryembolism,491Acuterejection,45Acuterheumaticcarditis,45Acuteventriculardilation,877–888Adams-Stokesseizures,316Adenine(A),445Adenosine,143–144,425ventriculartachyarrhythmiasand,144944IndexAdenosinetriphosphate(ATP),150,199,211,318INaand,163Adenylcyclase(AC),53,199ADP,211α-adrenergicreceptors,55–56β-adrenergicreceptors,53,67AADsand,134,140activationof,54–55epinephrineand,199RyRsand,221senescenceand,248stressand,59AdvancedTechnologiesBiomagnetics,382AEDs.
SeeAutomatedexternaldebrillatorsAerobictraining,369AF.
SeeAtrialbrillationAfterdepolarizations.
SeealsoDelayedafterdepolarizations;Earlyafterdepolarizationstriggeredactivityof,70–79Aging.
SeeSenescenceAHI.
SeeApnea-hypopneaindexAIRE.
SeeAcuteInfarctionRamiprilEfcacyStudyAjmaline,429,699acquiredBSand,722forBS,92,98,489Albuminuria,939Albuterol,477Alcoholism,394Alcoholseptalablation,44Aldactone,764Aldosteronereceptorantagonists,765AlgorithmsBiotronikSMART,790ELAParad+,790Guidant,790,793forICDs,786–791Medtronic,790morphology,787onset,787stability,787St.
JudeMorphologyDiscrimination,787,790,793Allelicdrop-out,452Allograftvasculopathy,43AlternansBeforeCardioverter-Debrillatortrial(ABCD),399Ambulatorymonitoring,344–351AmericanCollegeofCardiology/AmericanHeartAssociation/NorthAmericanSocietyforPacingandElectrophysiology(ACC/AHA/NASPE),810AmericanHealthInsurancePortabilityandAccountabilityAct(HIPAA),823Aminophylline,143Amiodarone,140,251,285,413,784ADILQTSand,179forARVC,650forBS,521digitalisand,700forHCM,619withICDs,747INaand,165forischemicheartdisease,742–743forLQTS,102studiesof,737–738tachyarrhythmiasfrom,706TWAand,404forWPW,664,665AmiodaroneVersusImplantableCardioverter-DebrillatorTrial(AMIOVERT),740,742AMIOVERT.
SeeAmiodaroneVersusImplantableCardioverter-DebrillatorTrialAmitriptyline,706acquiredBSand,723Amlodipine,142AMP-activatedproteinkinase(AMPK),660AmphotericinB,708AMPK.
SeeAMP-activatedproteinkinaseAndersencardiodysrhythmicperiodicparalysissyndrome.
SeeAndersen-TawilsyndromeAndersensyndrome.
SeeAndersen-TawilsyndromeAndersen-Tawilsyndrome(ATS),69,203,207,212,338–340,461,545–548ablationwith,832cellularbasisof,547–548geneticsand,444genetictestingfor,455–456PVCwith,546SCDand,894Anger,59Anginapectoris,386–387Angiotensin-convertingenzyme(ACE),7,297,312SCDand,760Angiotensin-convertingenzymeinhibitors(ACEI),251,730forHCM,619remotemanagementof,811SCDand,880AngiotensinIIreceptorblockers(ARBs),880Angiotensinreceptorantagonists,251Angitides,45Anions,11–12Anisotropy,248Annulus,39ANS.
SeeAutonomicnervoussystemAnthracycline,76Antianginaldrugs,723Antiarrhythmicdrugs(AADs),133–144,250–251,411,784–785acquiredBSand,721–723APDand,134automaticityand,135–136forBS,521forCHF,741–742classesof,134DADsand,135–136EADsand,135–136ICDsand,745–749ionchannelsand,133reentryand,135–136SCDand,733–751,881forVT,412–413,733forWPW,664AntiarrhythmicsversusImplantableDebrillators(AVID),519,738,739,774,781,881Antidepressants,723Anti-Laantibodies,45Anti-Roantibodies,45Antitachycardiapacing(ATP),776,782–784qualityoflifeand,776Index945AP.
SeeActionpotentialAPD.
SeeActionpotentialdurationApEn.
SeeApproximateentropyApnea,60,892,893.
SeealsoObstructivesleepapneaSIDSand,924Apnea-hypopneaindex(AHI),900Approximateentropy(ApEn),368ARBs.
SeeAngiotensinIIreceptorblockersARIs.
SeeActivationrecoveryintervalsArrhythmias.
SeealsoBradyarrhythmias;Tachyarrhythmiasacquired,179fromantibiotics,203fromantihistamines,203fromantipsychotics,203withATS,546automaticityand,69–70β-adrenergicreceptoractivationand,55baroreexesand,56–57β-blockersand,225calciumand,161–166calstabin2for,225inCHD,845–846controlof,7withCPVT,224–225DADsand,77EADsand,75,78–79exerciseand,224fetal,385inHCM,612–614hypercholesterolemiaand,58MCGand,387–390mechanicalinductionof,155mechanismsof,65–111MIand,387reentryand,84–87reectionand,87–89repolarizationand,397–399SCDand,52sleepand,899sodiumand,161–166stressand,224syncopeand,344withTS,191–192ventricular,249Arrhythmogenesis,54,58,77,147,155calciumloadingand,161–166caveolaeand,232–242discordantalternansand,398inHF,299–300qualityoflifeand,247RyRsand,218–227senescenceand,247–253sodiumloadingand,161–166stress,59–60andArrhythmogenicrightventricularcardiomyopathy(ARVC),29,461,485,643–651,826ablationwith,834–836β-blockersfor,650BSand,177CTfor,644diagnosisof,644ECGfor,644–646gapjunctionswith,648geneticsand,648–650HCMand,611ICDsfor,643,650–651LBBBwith,645MRIfor,644myocarditiswith,648RVand,177RyRsand,218,221,648–649SAECGfor,644–645SCDand,643,915–916sodiumchanneland,170,177sotalolfor,650SSSand,177STsegmentand,491syncopewith,643ventriculararrhythmiaswith,643VTin,834Arrhythmogenicrightventriculardysplasia(ARVD).
SeeArrhythmogenicrightventricularcardiomyopathyArterybanding,307ARVC.
SeeArrhythmogenicrightventricularcardiomyopathyARVD.
SeeArrhythmogenicrightventricularcardiomyopathyAS.
SeeAtrialstandstillASD.
SeeAtrialseptaldefectsAsparticacid,199Associationanalysis,680–681Astemizole,204Asthma,477Atenolol,140forLQTS,473–474Athletics.
SeeExerciseATP.
SeeAdenosinetriphosphate;AntitachycardiapacingATP-sensitivepotassium(KATP),286–287,294ATR.
SeeAtrialtachycardiaremodelingATRAMI.
SeeAutonomicToneandReexesAfterMyocardialInfarctionstudyAtrialactivation,43Atrial-basedpacing(AAI),793Atrialchamber,25Atrialelectricalheterogeneity,107–110Atrialbrillation(AF),58,461automaticityand,69CADand,265CHFand,269,300withCSD,633EADsand,77–78electrophysiologicalremodelingin,290familial,577–583geneticsand,444genetictestingfor,455–456withHCM,613–614,846HFand,580hyperthyroidismand,203ICDshockwith,786K+channeland,195Kirchannelsand,207,213LQTSand,577MCGand,389MIand,266myocardialischemiaand,266–267reentryand,85sleepand,60sodiumchannelblockersand,264withSQTS,203,212,554,560strokeand,203surgicaltreatmentof,839–846tedisamilfor,523TTMand,811vagalstimulationand,271veinofMarshalland,213vs.
VF,261–274AtrialutterwithDCM,630digitalisand,140electrophysiologicalremodelingin,290MCGand,385Atrialnatriureticfactor(NppA),26Atrialseptaldefects(ASD),29,845946IndexAtrialstandstill(AS),176,582–584isolatedfamilial,583–584sodiumchannelsand,170Atrialtachyarrhythmias,66Atrialtachycardiaremodeling(ATR),272Atrialvestibule,39Atrioventricularassociation(AVA),789Atrioventricularblock,43–47congenital,44withCSD,633geneticsand,444iatrogenic,44lesionsand,47postoperative,44sleepand,899Atrioventricularbundle,24–25,39–40degenerationof,45Atrioventricularcanal(AVC),26,27,31Atrioventricularconduction,39–43enhanced,48–49ventricularpreexcitationand,48–49Atrioventricularconductionblock,415MCGand,385Atrioventricularjunction,317Atrioventricularjunctionalrhythms,69Atrioventricularnode,19,24,39,40ablationof,844celotheliomaof,46–47conductiontissuesand,33degenerationof,45Atrioventricularreentranttachycardia(AVRT),660,663ATS.
SeeAndersen-TawilsyndromeAttachedcrossbridges,148Attentiondecit-hyperactivitydisorder,477ATX-II,101,161AutismTSand,189,548T-typecalciumchanneland,190AutointrinsicConductionSearchalgorithm.
SeeSt.
JudeMorphologyDiscriminationalgorithmAutomatedexternaldebrillators(AEDs),437,476SUDEPand,890–891Automaticity,266AADsand,135–136abnormal,68–69arrhythmiasand,69–70atrialbrillationand,69withHCM,612MCGand,389normal,65–68Autonomicnervoussystem(ANS),271Autonomicstresstest,60–61AutonomicToneandReexesAfterMyocardialInfarctionstudy(ATRAMI),59,370,865Autosomaldominant,447–448Autosomalrecessive,447–448AVA.
SeeAtrioventricularassociationAVC.
SeeAtrioventricularcanalAVID.
SeeAntiarrhythmicsversusImplantableDebrillatorsAVRT.
SeeAtrioventricularreentranttachycardiaAzimilide,141,747,784tachyarrhythmiasfrom,706BBackman'sbundle(BB),38,107–108Bainbridgeeffect,153Baldness,548Bandingarterial,307pulmonary,309–310Bandpasslter,354Baroreceptorsensitivity(BRS),56CADand,865–866Baroreexes,56–57Bartter'ssyndrome,207BaselAntiarrhythmicStudyofInfarctSurvival(BASIS),734,737BASIS.
SeeBaselAntiarrhythmicStudyofInfarctSurvivalBatteries,775Bazett'sformula,385,467BB.
SeeBackman'sbundleBeckermusculardystrophy(BMD),631–632Belousov-Zhabotinskychemicalreaction,83Benzodiazepines,142Bepridil,706Beta-blockerHeartAttackTrial(BHAT),369Bethlemmyopathy,636BHAT.
SeeBeta-blockerheartAttackTrialBidirectionalventriculartachycardia(BVT),77withCPVT,104Bigeminalpacingprotocols,79BiomagneticTechnologies,Inc.
,382Biomarkers,681Biotronikremotemonitoring,813–815BiotronikSMARTalgorithm,790Bipolarorthogonalleadsystem,353–354β-blockers,6,251,252,428,730,784arrhythmiasand,225forARVC,650bradycardiaand,474forBS,521CHFand,369,762–763forCPVT,223,225,542,745ICDsand,762forLQT1,463forLQT3,476forLQTS,99,102,174–175,201,470,473–474MIand,762remotemanagementof,811SCDand,760–763,880TdPand,474TWAand,404forWPW,664Bloodpressureexerciseand,615–616HCMand,615–616BNP.
SeeB-typenatriureticpeptideBodysurfacepotentialmapping,391Bolusinjectionfollowedbybriefcontinuousinfusion(Shimizuprotocol),425–428,470BostonScientic,815–817Bradyarrhythmias,133withHCM,612,615pacingfor,154SCDand,248Index947Bradycardiaβ-blockersand,474CHFand,267sleepand,899TdPand,273TSand,189Brechenmacherbers,48Bretylium,706BRS.
SeeBaroreceptorsensitivityBrS.
SeeBrugadasyndromeBrugada,Josep,92Brugada,Pedro,92Brugadasyndrome(BrS,BS),8,52,172–173,269,292,332,461.
SeealsoAcquiredBrugadasyndromeAADsfor,521,743–744ablationwith,830–831AFand,577ajmalinefor,92,98,489amiodaronefor,521ARVCand,177β-blockersfor,521cellularmechanismswith,500–525CTfor,490DCMwith,250disopyramidefor,98,521EADsand,79ECGfor,341–342,486–489ecainidefor,92,98,489,521geneticsand,444,483–492genetictestingfor,455–456HEKcellsand,173ICDsfor,172–173,483,518–519,743–744isoproterenolfor,523–524KCNsand,505LBBBwith,831LQT3with,178,486LQTSand,93MAPDand,512MIand,513–514MRIfor,490mutationsand,93–94,284Na+channelblockersand,697NCXand,506PCCDand,178,572–574phase2reentryand,96–97pinacidilfor,524procainamidefor,92,98,521prognosisfor,502–503propafenonefor,521PVCand,485quinidinefor,98,489,521–523,743–744RBBBand,509,719,743reentryand,84–85repolarizationand,508riskfactorsfor,491–492,502–503RVOTand,483,485,488,512–513,516SCDand,483,916–917SCNsand,46,93–94,173,335,483,503–505sexand,516–518sodiumchannelblockersfor,92,489sodiumchannelsand,170STsegmentand,96,98,270,491,719,721,743syncopewith,492TdPand,523terfenadinefor,524therapyfor,491,500–525TWAand,95,513ventricularheterogeneityand,92–98verapamilfor,524VFand,92,94,428,589,595,719,830–831VTand,830VT/VFand,483,500,502–503,830BS.
SeeBrugadasyndromeB-typenatriureticpeptide(BNP),879Bundlebranches,24–25Butterworthlter,353–354BVT.
SeeBidirectionalventriculartachycardiaCC.
SeeCytosineCa.
SeeCalciumCa2+-calmodulin-dependentproteinkinaseII(CaMKII),188CHFand,268RyRsand,220–221,268Ca2+channel,AADsand,134,142Ca2+-inducedCa2+release(CICR),537CABG.
SeeCoronaryarterybypassgraftCAD.
SeeCoronaryarterydiseaseCaffeineDADsand,76inducedchannelactivationby,223Calcicaorticstenosis,45Calcium(Ca)ECCand,295homeostasisof,295–297loadingof,161–166inSR,67,164,396Calciumchannelblockers,68,252forHCM,619forLQTS,474forTS,192Calciumchannels.
SeealsoCa2+channelplateauphaseand,188T-type,190,295–296Calciumchannelstabilizers,218,226Calciumcyclinghypothesis,396Calcium-independenttransientoutwardcurrent(Ito),292,293Calciumtransient,296–297Calmodulin(CaM),76,147,150,162,188CAV3and,241RyRsand,220Calmodulinkinase(CaMK),75Calsequestrin(CSQ),221Calsequestrin2(CASQ2),77,104,234,270,536Calstabin2,218,220,221forarrhythmias,225forCPVT,225deciencyin,225JTV519and,226CaM.
SeeCalmodulinCAMIAT.
SeeCanadianAmiodaroneMIArrhythmiaTrialCaMK.
SeeCalmodulinkinaseCaMKII.
SeeCa2+-calmodulin-dependentproteinkinaseIIcAMP.
SeeCyclicAMPCanadianAmiodaroneMIArrhythmiaTrial(CAMIAT),735,737–738,762CanadianImplantableDebrillatorStudy(CIDS),738,739,774,881948IndexCandesartaninHeartFailureAssessmentofReductioninMortalityandMorbidity(CHARM),880–881CardiacArrestinSeattle:ConventionalVersusAmiodaroneDrugEvaluation(CASCADE),413,735,737CardiacArrestStudyHamburg(CASH),738,739,774,881CardiacArrhythmiaSuppressionTrial(CAST),6,251,412,691,733,734,736,854CardiacArrhythmiaSuppressionTrialII(CAST-II),412,734Cardiaccatheterization,334,340Cardiaccellularelectrophysiologycomputermodelsof,20inothermammalians,20Cardiacconductionsystem.
SeeConductionsystemCardiacbrosis,176–177sodiumchanneland,170Cardiachypertrophycompensated,305–311HRVand,373MCGand,385CardiacInsufciencyBisoprololStudyII(CIBIS-II),762Cardiacionchannels.
SeeIonchannelsCardiacremodeling.
SeeRemodelingCardiacResynchronizationinHeartFailureTrial(CARE-HF),802–803,806,883Cardiacresynchronizationtherapy(CRT),369,794forHF,882–883meta-analysisof,805studiesof,854Cardiacresynchronizationtherapydebrillator(CRT-D),801,804,813Cardiacresynchronizationtherapypacing(CRT-P),801–807Cardiactoxicity,691–700drug-induced,705–711byNa+channelblockers,695–699Cardiactumors,47Cardiomyocytes,24APin,32restingpotentialin,32RyRsand,218CARE-HF.
SeeCardiacResynchronizationinHeartFailureTrialCareLinkmonitoringsystem,817–818CASCADE.
SeeCardiacArrestinSeattle:ConventionalVersusAmiodaroneDrugEvaluationCASH.
SeeCardiacArrestStudyHamburgCASQ2.
SeeCalsequestrin2CAST.
SeeCardiacArrhythmiaSuppressionTrialCAST-II.
SeeCardiacArrhythmiaSuppressionTrialIICatecholaminergicpolymorphicventriculartachycardia(CPVT),77,296,335,461,536–543AADsfor,745witharrhythmias,224–225β-blockersfor,225,745calstabin2for,225DADsand,271,537diagnosisof,541–542ECGfor,341–342,540–541exerciseand,224familywith,337geneticsand,444genetictestingfor,455–456LQTSand,271,431RyRsand,218,221–224,270,338,536SCDand,917SIDSand,924stressand,224,338testingof,431treatmentfor,542–543ventricularheterogeneityand,104–105verapamilfor,542–543VFand,588,595VTand,223Catecholamines,319EADsand,72inSAN,318forSQTS,557Cations,11–12CAV.
SeeCaveolinCAV1.
SeeCaveolin-1CAV1/3.
SeeCaveolin-1/3CAV2.
SeeCaveolin-2CAV3.
SeeCaveolin-3CAVB.
SeeCompleteatrioventricularblockCaveolaearrhythmogenesisand,232–242channelregulationand,241cytoskeletonandionchannelsof,240–241discoveryof,232–234endocytosisand,238–239functionof,238–241ionchannelsand,239–240lipidsin,238markersfor,234–235signaltransductionand,239structureandcompositionof,233–234tissuedistributionof,233Caveolin(CAV),234–241animalmodelsand,235–237biochemistryof,237–241LCCand,239LQTSand,240proteintopologyof,237–238SCNsand,239Caveolin-1(CAV1),234–235cholesteroland,238micestudieswith,236Caveolin-1/3(CAV1/3),236–237Caveolin-2(CAV2),234–235Caveolin-3(CAV3),235CaMand,241cytoskeletonandionchannelsof,240–241micestudieswith,236CCUs.
SeeCoronaryCareUnitscDNA,18Celltherapy,321–325Celothelioma,46–47CentersforMedicaidandMedicareServices(CMS),455,823Ceramide,233CFTR.
SeeCysticbrosisconductanceregulatorChambermarkers,26Channelopathies,711–712.
SeealsoAndersen-Tawilsyndrome;Brugadasyndrome;Catecholaminergicpolymorphicventriculartachycardia;LongQTsyndrome;ShortQTsyndromegeneticsand,424–432,444–457Index949K+,194–204ofKirchannels,207–214L-typecalcium,187–192sodiumion,170–181CHARM.
SeeCandesartaninHeartFailureAssessmentofReductioninMortalityandMorbidityCHD.
SeeCongenitalheartdisease;CoronaryheartdiseaseChemicalgradient.
SeeElectrochemicalgradientCHF.
SeeCongestiveheartfailureCHF-STAT.
SeeCongestiveHeartFailureSurvivalTrialofAntiarrhythmicTherapyCHIME.
SeeCollaborativeHomeInfantMonitoringEvaluationChloridechannels,19Chlorpromazine,706Cholesterol,239,765–767CAV1and,238incaveolae,233HDL,238LDL,238Chromanol,101forLQTS,99,102Chromosome22microdeletionsyndrome,448Chronickidneydisease(CKD),934–940CHFand,938–939riskfactorsfor,937–939Chronicrejection,43Cibenzoline,429,699CIBIS-II.
SeeCardiacInsufciencyBisoprololStudyIICICR.
SeeCa2+-inducedCa2+releaseCIDS.
SeeCanadianImplantableDebrillatorStudyCilostazol,524Ciprooxacin,706Circusmovementreentry,79–87gure-of-eightmodelof,82–83leadingcirclemodelof,81–82ringmodelof,79–81spiralwavesand,83–84Cisapride,285,286,673ADILQTSand,179–180forLQTS,102riskof,677TDPfrom,204Cis-unsaturatedphospholipids,incaveolae,233CKD.
SeeChronickidneydiseaseClarithromycin,285ClassIdrugs.
SeeNa+channelClassIIdrugs.
Seeβ-blockersClassIIIdrugs.
SeeK+channelClassIVdrugs.
SeeCa2+channelCLIA.
SeeClinicalLaboratoryImprovementAmendmentsClinicalLaboratoryImprovementAmendments(CLIA),455ClinicalsustainedmonomorphicVT(SMVT),409–418withDCM,414Clinicaltrials,6Clinodactyly,212,546Clobutinol,285Clomipramine,723CMD.
SeeCongenitalmusculardystrophiesCMS.
SeeCentersforMedicaidandMedicareServicesCocaine,723CollaborativeHomeInfantMonitoringEvaluation(CHIME),924Collagendiseases,45,47Commotiocordis,155Compactnode,39,42COMPANION.
SeeComparisonofMedicalTherapy,Pacing,andDebrillationinHeartFailureComparisonofMedicalTherapy,Pacing,andDebrillationinHeartFailure(COMPANION),801,804–805,883Compensatedcardiachypertrophy,305–311Completeatrioventricularblock(CAVB),307–308,309,311Computedtomography(CT),250forARVC,644forBS,490ConcealedLQTS,464,468Conduction.
SeealsoAtrioventricularconductionreentryand,270slow,110–111Conductiondelay,388Conductionsystem,25atrioventricular,39–43seniledegenerationof,46ventricular,30Conductionsystemdisease(CSD)AFwith,633atrioventricularblockwith,633DCMand,630withEDMD,633HFand,633–634withLGMD,634myotonicdystrophyand,632SCDand,912Conductiontissues,37–49Conductionvelocity,16–17CongenitalAVblock,44Congenitalchannelopathies,197–203Congenitalheartdisease(CHD),387atrialarrhythmiasin,845–846PVSwith,414–415TSand,189WPWand,659CongenitalLongQTsyndrome.
SeeLongQTsyndromeCongenitallycorrectedtransposition,49Congenitalmusculardystrophies(CMD),635–636Congenitalmusculardystrophy1c(MDC1C),636Congestiveheartfailure(CHF),180,267–269,935–936AADsfor,741–742AFand,269,300APDwith,267–268β-blockersand,369,762–763bradycardiaand,267CADand,265CKDand,938–939DADsand,267HRVand,370–371mortalitywith,801NCXand,268remodelingand,305–308,310repolarizationin,309SANand,267ventriculartachyarrhythmiasand,272VFand,269VHand,305CongestiveHeartFailureSurvivalTrialofAntiarrhythmicTherapy(CHF-STAT),735,741–742950IndexConnexin(Cx),297–298heartdevelopmentand,31–32Connexin40(Cx40),270,297Connexin43(Cx43),239,266,297,875Connexin45(Cx45),297CONSENSUS.
SeeCooperativeNewScandinavianEnalaprilSurvivalStudyCONTAKCDstudy,804,805Contraction,151CooperativeNewScandinavianEnalaprilSurvivalStudy(CONSENSUS),764Coronaryarterybypassgraft(CABG),252,369HRVand,373CoronaryArteryBypassGraftPatchTrial,743Coronaryarterydisease(CAD),250,340,935–936AFand,265,580CHFand,265CKDand,938DMand,436HRVand,370LVEFand,858,861PVSwith,410–411riskfactorsfor,858–867SAECGand,862SCDand,438,858–867,912–914statinsfor,765stressmanagementand,369TWAand,859,863–864CoronaryCareUnits(CCUs),6Coronaryheartdisease(CHD),HRVand,373Coronaryrevascularization,252Coronaryvasospasm,394CorrectedQTinterval(QTc),462ADILQTSand,716SCDand,435COScells,18Cox-Mazeprocedure,839–844CPVT.
SeeCatecholaminergicpolymorphicventriculartachycardiaCreatinephosphate,150Cristadividens,39Cristaterminalis(CT),39,107–109Crossover,856CRT-D.
SeeCardiacresynchronizationtherapydebrillatorCryostat,382CSD.
SeeConductionsystemdiseaseCT.
SeeComputedtomography;CristaterminalisC-terminus,220,237ATSand,547–548onCAV3,240CTFSystems,Inc.
,382Current/voltagerelationship(I/V),191Cx.
SeeConnexinCx40.
SeeConnexin40Cx43.
SeeConnexin43Cx45.
SeeConnexin45Cyamemazine,723Cyclicadenosinemonophosphate(cAMP),53–54,199,318DADsand,77CyclicAMP,221Cyclosporine,700Cyproheptadine,892Cysticbrosis,471Cysticbrosisconductanceregulator(CFTR),451CytochalasinD,239Cytosine(C),445DDADs.
SeeDelayedafterdepolarizationsDAG.
SeeDiacylglycerolDanishInvestigationofArrhythmiaandMortalityonDofetilide(DIAMOND),81,726,734DataMonitoringBoards(DMB),854DataSafetyMonitoringCommittees(DSMC),854DAVID.
SeeDualChamberVVIImplantableDebrillatorstudyDCM.
SeeDilatedcardiomyopathyddATP.
SeeDye-labeleddideoxynucleotidesDeactivation,14Deadendtract,42DebrillationinAcuteMyocardialInfarctionTrial(DINAMIT),743,773Debrillationthreshold(DFT),748–749,777Debrillators,133.
SeealsoAutomatedexternaldebrillators;Cardiacresynchronizationtherapydebrillator(CRT-D);Implantablecardioverterdebrillatorsdevelopmentof,5DebrillatorsinNon-IschemicCardiomyopathyTreatmentEvaluation(DEFINITE),373,766,773DEFINITE.
SeeDebrillatorsinNon-IschemicCardiomyopathyTreatmentEvaluationDelayedafterdepolarizations(DADs),65,70–72,266,299AADsand,135–136arrhythmiasand,77cAMPand,77CHFand,267CPVTand,271,537digitalisand,75,700extrasystolesand,261,268INaand,163–164,180ionicmechanicsfor,76isoproterenolfor,76MIand,77NCXand,261pinacidilfor,76ranolazinefor,76ryanodineand,76sodium-potassiumpumpand,297SRand,76,261TPand,262triggeredactivityof,75TSand,549verapamilfor,76VFand,261Delayed-rectifyingcurrents,196,294Deletions,448–451Denaturinghigh-performanceliquidchromatography(DHPLC),453–545Depolarization,14,17,317.
SeealsoDelayedafterdepolarizations;Earlyafterdepolarizationsautomaticityand,68–69diastolic,65K+ionsand,16Index951LCCand,218inL-typechannels,67sodium-potassiumpumpand,297ofventricularmyocardium,24–25DepressionHRVand,369withLQTS,477Desipramine,723Desmin-relatedmyopathy,635Desmoplakin(DSP),648Dewar,382DFT.
SeeDebrillationthresholdDGC.
SeeDystrophinglycoproteincomplexDHP.
SeeDihydropyridineDHPLC.
SeeDenaturinghigh-performanceliquidchromatographyDHPR.
SeeDihydropyridinereceptorDiabetesmellitus(DM),387SCDand,435–436Diabeticcardiacautonomicneuropathy,939Diacylglycerol(DAG),298incaveolae,233Diagnosticelectrocardiography,331–342Dialysis,934DIAMOND.
SeeDanishInvestigationofArrhythmiaandMortalityonDofetilideDiastolicstretcheffects,151–152DiGeorgesyndrome,29–30Digitalis(Digoxin),143,224atrialutterand,140DADsand,75,700intoxicationwith,699–700quinidineand,700verapamiland,700forWPW,664Digoxin.
SeeDigitalisDihydropyridine(DHP),142,295Dihydropyridinereceptor(DHPR),240Dilatedcardiomyopathy(DCM),177–178,250,461AFand,577CAP3and,235CSDand,630,633–634withdesmin-relatedmyopathy,635ICDsfor,628–629withLGMD,634withLQTS,250remodelingin,290–300riskfactorsfor,629–630SAECGand,353SCDin,627–637SCNsand,178SMVTwith,414sodiumchanneland,170withVT,213–214,630Diltiazem,142acquiredBSand,723forWPW,664Dimenhydrinate,723DimethyllithospermateB(dmLSB),524DINAMIT.
SeeDebrillationinAcuteMyocardialInfarctionTrialDinucleotides(dNTP),453Dipyridamole,143Discordantalternans,397–399Disopyramide,140,429–430,699acquiredBSand,722forBS,98,521forHCM,619tachyarrhythmiasfrom,706Distribution,694Diuretics,677,708,785remotemanagementof,811DMB.
SeeDataMonitoringBoardsDMD.
SeeDuchennemusculardystrophydmLSB.
SeeDimethyllithospermateBDNA,445–451dNTP.
SeeDinucleotidesDofetilide,140,141,285,726,747tachyarrhythmiasfrom,706DonierGmbH,382Doxepin,706Doxorubicin,299forDADs,76Dronedarone,102Dropendol,706Drosophila,20Drug-inducedcardiactoxicity,691–700,705–711ECGand,708–711Drug-inducedrisksgeneticsof,681–683forSCD,673–676Druginteractions,251Drugintoxication,43withdigitalis,699–700Drugs.
SeealsoAmiodarone;Antiarrhythmicdrugs;β-blockers;Calciumchannelblockers;Cisapride;Disopyramide;Dofetilide;Flecainide;Isoproterenol;Lidocaine;Metoprolol;Mexiletine;Nadolol;Procainamide;Propafenone;Propranolol;Quinidine;Sodiumchannelblockers;Sotalol;Terfenadine;Verapamilantianginal,723antidepressant,723developmentof,677–686nonantiarrhythmic,760–767polypharmacyand,939psychotropic,723tachyarrhythmiasand,706Drugsensitivity,43DSMC.
SeeDataSafetyMonitoringCommitteesDSP.
SeeDesmoplakinDual-chamberpacing,620DualChamberVVIImplantableDebrillatorstudy(DAVID),793Duchennemusculardystrophy(DMD),235,630–632BMDand,631–632HFwith,630STsegmentand,491Dye-labeleddideoxynucleotides(ddATP),453Dyslipidemia,939Dyssynchronousmechanicalactivation,299β-dystroglycan,235Dystrophinglycoproteincomplex(DGC),235,240EE-4031,140–141EADs.
SeeEarlyafterdepolarizationsEarlyafterdepolarizations(EADs),65,70–75,266,299AADsand,135–136acidosisand,72AFand,77–78APDand,73,693952IndexEarlyafterdepolarizations(EADs)(cont.
)APwith,261arrhythmiasand,75,78–79BSand,79catecholaminesand,72cellularoriginof,73–74electrolytesand,72extrasystolesand,261hyperthermiaand,72–73hypothermiaand,72–73hypoxiaand,72INaand,163–164,172,180ionicmechanicsfor,74–75latephase3,77–79LQTSand,75L-typechannelsand,74MIand,271repolarizationand,261SQTSand,79SRand,75TdPand,75triggeredactivityof,72–73upstrokeof,74VFand,261Earlyrepolarizationsyndrome,491Ebstein'sanomaly,49withatrialstandstill,583ECC.
SeeExcitation-contractioncouplingECG.
SeeElectrocardiogramEctopicpacemaker,70Ectopicpacemakercyclelength(EPCL),71EDMD.
SeeEmery-DreifussmusculardystrophyEDTA.
SeeEthylenediaminetetraaceticacidEinthoven,William,4Ejectionfraction(EF),250ELAParad+algorithm,790Elderly.
SeeSenescenceElectivereplacementindicator(ERI),775Electricalgradient.
SeeElectrochemicalgradientElectricalstorm,273,745–746,781Electrocardiogram(ECG).
SeealsoSignalaveragedelectrocardiogramforARVC,644–646BSand,341–342,486–489forCPVT,341–342,540–541diagnostic,331–342fordrug-inducedcardiactoxicity,708–711ofembryo,24HCMand,61812-lead,467–468,860–861forLQTS,341–342,467–468remotepatientmanagementand,809–824surface,11,17,379–391forTako-Tsubosyndrome,341–342ofVF,590–591Electrochemicalgradient,11,12,194,209hypokalemiaand,516ofsodium,13ElectrolytesacquiredBSand,179,725APDand,694EADsand,72STsegmentand,491TWAand,394Electromechanicaldissociation(EMD),874Electrophysiologicalremodeling.
SeeRemodelingElectrophysiologicStudyVersusElectrocardiographicMonitoringtrial(ESVEM),412–413,736ELITE.
SeeEvaluationofLosartanintheElderlyEMD.
SeeElectromechanicaldissociationEmery-Dreifussmusculardystrophy(EDMD),583,633–634CSDwith,633EMIAT.
SeeEuropeanMyocardialInfarctAmiodaroneTrialEnalapril,764Endocardialcells,505Endocytosis,238–239Endothelialnitricoxidesynthase(eNOS),581End-stagerenaldisease(ESRD),934eNOS.
SeeEndothelialnitricoxidesynthaseEPCL.
SeeEctopicpacemakercyclelengthEpilepsy,888–894Epinephrine,52β-adrenergicreceptorsand,199forCPVT,431EpinephrineQTstresstest,425–428forLQTS,470Equilibriumpotential,12ERI.
SeeElectivereplacementindicatorERP.
SeeEvent-relatedpotentialErythromycin,700ESRD.
SeeEnd-stagerenaldiseaseESVEM.
SeeElectrophysiologicStudyVersusElectrocardiographicMonitoringtrialEthylenediaminetetraaceticacid(EDTA),451–452EuropeanMyocardialInfarctAmiodaroneTrial(EMIAT),369,735,737–738,762Eustachianridge,39EvaluationofLosartanintheElderly(ELITE),764Event-relatedpotential(ERP),108,264,559Excitation-contractioncoupling(ECC),15,133,145–150calciumand,295RyRsand,218–219Excretion,694Exercisearrhythmiasand,224bloodpressureand,615–616CPVTand,224HCMand,621–622LQTSand,470,477myotonicdystrophyand,633riskfactorswith,917–918SCDand,911–920VFand,56–57Externallooprecorders,345–347Extrasystoles,59,74–81,89,91,409,507,588,591,613DADsand,261,268EADsand,261SACand,152triggeredresponsesand,72FFacioscapulohumeralmusculardystrophy(FSHD),636F-actin.
SeeFilamentactinFainting.
SeeLongQT1syndromeFamilialatrialbrillation,577–583Familialcardiomyopathy,8Index953Familialhypertrophiccardiomyopathy(FHC),610FAMILION,471Fastactivatedchannels.
SeeT-typechannelsFastFouriertransform(FFT),367Fatpads,52FDA.
SeeFoodandDrugAdministrationFEDVIAEP,237Felodipine,142FFT.
SeeFastFouriertransformFHC.
SeeFamilialhypertrophiccardiomyopathyFibrillation.
SeealsoAtrialbrillation;VentricularbrillationANSand,271APDand,264geneticfactorsin,269–271LQTSand,269mechanicalcardioversionin,154–155multiplecircuitreentryand,261,262rapidlyringfocusand,261,262singlehigh-frequencyrotorand,261,262Fightorightresponse,212Figure-of-eightmodel,82–83Filamentactin(F-actin),239Finalcommonpathway,461Flecainide,429–430,476,699,785acquiredBSand,721forBS,92,98,489,521INaand,165forLQTS,102,175,744–745forSQTS,561tachyarrhythmiasfrom,706forWPW,664Flumextine,706Flunarizine,76Fluoxetine,723,892Flutter.
SeeAtrialutter;VentricularutterFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA),455,477,674,713biomarkersand,681homemonitoringsystemsand,817–818Foramenovale,39Forskolin,76Frank-Starlingeffect,153Friedreich'sataxia,491FSHD.
SeeFacioscapulohumeralmusculardystrophyFukuyamacongenitalmusculardystrophy,636Funnycurrent,294GG.
SeeGuanineGain-of-functionmutations,180,213,269–270,464,559withKCNs,579LQTSand,744,928inRyRs,223,225,537withSCNs,166SQTSand,201,213Galvanometer,4GAP43.
SeeGrowth-associatedprotein43Gapjunctions,5,297–298withARVC,648HFand,875Gatioxacin,706Gatingcurrent,5,171GDP1L.
SeeGlycerol-3-phosphatedehydrogenase1-likegeneGenemutations.
SeeMutationsGenetherapy,7,319–321GeneticsARVCand,648–650BSand,483–492Cx,31–32DCMand,629–630HCNsand,32–33ionchannelsand,17LQTSand,444,464molecular,445–451,464,470–471ofrepolarization,678–679SCDand,438–439WPWand,659–662Genetictesting,334,444–457,461,486,584,663,681,927CPVTand,431HCMand,612,617LQTSand,455–456,462–479forPCCD,455–456forSCNs,505forTS,455–456forVF,455–456Gentamicin,708GFR.
SeeGlomerularltrationrateGlassmicropipette,5Glomerularltrationrate(GFR),939Glucocorticoids,708Glycerol-3-phosphatedehydrogenase1-likegene(GDP1L),94Glycine,199,201Glycophosphatidylinositol(GP),240GP.
SeeGlycophosphatidylinositolGproteins,52,241,318Grepaoxacin,204,673Growth-associatedprotein43(GAP43),58Guanine(G),445Guidantalgorithm,790,793GuidelinesforImplantationofCardiacPacemakersandArrhythmiaDevices,810GYGsignature,17HHalofantrine,285Haloperidol,706HapB,284Haplotypes,282,284HCM.
SeeHypertrophiccardiomyopathyHCNs,294,316,318,323–324forbiologicalpacemakers,319–320geneticsand,32–33Kchannelsand,326HD.
SeeHemodialysisHDL.
SeeHigh-densitylipoproteinsHead-uptilttesting,349Heartfailure(HF).
SeealsoCongestiveheartfailureAFand,580APDand,291–292arrhythmogenesisin,299–300withCSD,633–634withDMD,630graphicrepresentationof,306Itoand,293withLGMD,634LVand,290LVEFand,878–879neurohumoralmodulationof,298–299remodelingin,290–300RyRsand,225SCDand,873–884ventricularhypertrophyand,310HeartOutcomesPreventionEvaluation(HOPE),764954IndexHeartrate.
SeealsoOnsetheartrateaccelerationof,335electrophysiologicalremodelingin,290riskfactorsand,365–374senescenceand,248variabilityin,365–374Heartrateturbulence(HRT),57CADand,859,866Heartratevariability(HRV),365–374withCAD,864–865CHFand,370–371CRTand,369frequencydomainanalysisof,367–368HCMand,618–619ICDsand,365LVEFand,370MIand,365,370–373SCDand,365time-domainanalysisof,366–367ventriculartachyarrhythmiasand,371–373VTand,371Heartrhythm,52controlof,57HeartRhythmSociety.
SeeNorthAmericanSocietyofPacingandElectrophysiologyHearttransplantation,387HEKcells.
SeeHumanembryonickidneycellsHemodialysis(HD),936–937Hemorrhage,43hERG.
SeeHumanether-à-go-go-relatedgeneHeteromers,209HF.
SeeHeartfailure;High-frequencyHigh-densitylipoproteins(HDL),238High-frequency(HF),367,865HIPAA.
SeeAmericanHealthInsurancePortabilityandAccountabilityActHispotential,388His-Purkinjesystem,19,417,655Lenègrediseaseand,175myotonicdystrophyand,632pacemakersin,68,317PCCDand,564Hitachi,382HIVcardiomyopathy,394hMSCs.
SeeHumanmesenchymalstemcellsHOCM.
SeeHypertrophicobstructivecardiomyopathyHoltermonitoring,335–336,344–345,773afterablation,828–830HRVand,365forLQTS,470SAECGand,355Holt-Oramsyndrome(HOS),29Homomers,209Hooks,200–201HOPE.
SeeHeartOutcomesPreventionEvaluationHormonereplacementtherapy(HRT),369Horner'ssyndrome,475HOS.
SeeHolt-OramsyndromeHostcells,18HousecallPlus,818–823HRT.
SeeHeartrateturbulence;HormonereplacementtherapyHRV.
SeeHeartratevariabilityHRVi.
SeeHRVtriangularindexHRVtriangularindex(HRVi),367Humanembryonickidney(HEK)cells,18,198,537BSand,173Humanether-à-go-go-relatedgene(hERG),6,104,140,163,199,201drugtoxicityand,692–693TdPand,678Humangenome,281–283HumanGenomeProject,445Humanmesenchymalstemcells(hMSCs),322–325Hurst,J.
Willis,342HVinterval,417–418Hydrochinine,285Hydrogenperoxide,162,180Hydrophilicaminoacids,446Hydrophilicpathways,11,138Hydrophobicaminoacids,237,446Hydroquinidine,561Hyoscyaminesulfate,335–336HypercalcemiaJ-waveand,506SQTSand,557STsegmentand,491VTand,224Hypercalciuria,207Hypercholesterolemia,58Hyperestosteronemia,723–724Hyperhomocysteinemia,939Hyperinsulinemichypoglycemia,207Hyperkalemia,43STsegmentand,491Hyperparathyroidism,938Hyperphosphatemia,938HyperphosphorylationATRand,272inPKA,225Hyperpolarization,67,139Hyperpolarizationactivatedandcyclicnucleotidegated.
SeeHCNsHyperpolarization-activatedpacemakercurrent,294Hypertelorism,212,546Hypertensiveheartdisease,45,935–936AFand,580CKDand,938HyperthermiaacquiredBSand,179,724–725EADsand,72–73RyRsand,221SQTSand,557Hyperthyroidism,203Hypertrophiccardiomyopathy(HCM),236,414–415AFand,577,846arrhythmogenicmalignanciesin,610–623withBMD,631diagnosisof,615ECGand,618exerciseand,621–622familyscreeningfor,622–623genetictestingof,612ICDsfor,620–621managementof,619–621molecularbasisof,612riskfactorswith,615–619SAECGand,361,618SCDand,615–619,912,914–915TWAfor,618verapamilfor,619Hypertrophicobstructivecardiomyopathy(HOCM),610Index955Hypoglycemiahyperinsulinemic,207TSand,189,192Hypokalemia,476–477APDand,694electrochemicalgradientand,516riskof,677Hypokalemicalkalosis,207Hypopnea,900HypothermiaacquiredBSand,179,724–725EADsand,72–73J-waveand,506Hypoxemia,901–902Hypoxia,161EADsand,72IIatrogenicAVblock,44IBHRE.
SeeInternationalBoardofHeartRhythmExaminersIbutilideforSQTS,561tachyarrhythmiasfrom,706ICDs.
SeeImplantablecardioverterdebrillatorsIctalapnea,892Idiopathicbilateralbundlebranchbrosis,47Idiopathichypertrophicsubaorticstenosis(IHSSS),610Idiopathicventriculartachyarrhythmias,77Idioventricularrhythms,77,322IDMC.
SeeIndependentDataMonitoringCommitteesIGF-1.
SeeInsulin-likegrowthfactorIHSSS.
SeeIdiopathichypertrophicsubaorticstenosisIKblockers,200IKr,199–201IKs,197–198sympatheticnervousstimulationof,199ILCOR.
SeeInternationalLiaisonCommitteeonResuscitationILR.
SeeImplantablelooprecordersImipramine,706ImmediatereinductionofAF(IRAF),78IMPACT.
SeeInternationalMexiletineandPlaceboAntiarrhythmicCoronaryTrialImplantablecardioverterdebrillators(ICDs),59,133,170,461,730–731AADsand,745–749abandonedleadsin,791alertsabout,791–793algorithmsfor,786–791withamiodarone,747forARVC,643,650–651forATS,547batteriesin,775β-blockersand,762forBS,172–173,483,518–519,743–744cost-effectivenessof,749–750forDCM,628–629withdesmin-relatedmyopathy,635dualchamber,789–790eventstoragein,338forHCM,620–621HRVand,365forischemicheartdisease,742–743forLQTS,99,201,472–475LVEFand,772NSVTand,772,781–782PVSand,416qualityoflifeand,251,252,475,749recallsof,791–793remotepatientmanagementand,809–824SAECGand,356–358SCDand,251–252,387,434,781–795,881–882senescenceand,251–252shockswith,781–795,786,804singlechamber,786–789withsotalol,746forSQTS,213,560SVCand,774forTako-Tsubosyndrome,341technicalandclinicalconsiderationswith,772–778forTS,192TWAand,403ventricularutterand,773ventriculartachyarrhythmiasand,394VFand,599,773,826VTand,772VT/VFand,620,650,781,804Implantablelooprecorders(ILR),347–350INa.
SeeLatesodiumcurrentInactivation,13–14,17Incremental,escalatingepinephrineinfusion(Mayoprotocol),425,470,478IndependentDataMonitoringCommittees(IDMC),854Inferiorvenacava(IVC),107–108Inltrativemyocardialdiseases,46Infrahisianblock,417–418Insertions,448–451Insulin,708acquiredBSand,179,725Insulin-likegrowthfactor(IGF-1),296Interatrialmyocardium,38–39InternationalBoardofHeartRhythmExaminers(IBHRE),822–823InternationalLiaisonCommitteeonResuscitation(ILCOR),154–155InternationalMexiletineandPlaceboAntiarrhythmicCoronaryTrial(IMPACT),733–736,734InternationalStudyonSyncopeofUncertainEtiology(ISSUE),349Internodalmyocardium,38–39Intervalstodetecttachycardia(NID),788Intraventricularconductiondelay(IVCD),860Intrinsiccardiacinnervation,57–58Inwardlyrectifyingpotassiumchannels.
SeeKirchannelsInwardrectierpotassiumcurrent,293–294Ionchannels,6.
SeealsoCalciumchannels;K+channel;L-typeCachannel;L-typechannels;SodiumchannelsAADsand,133activationof,13–14basicphysiologyof,11–21956IndexIonchannels(cont.
)caveolaeand,239–240cDNAof,18genesand,17geneticmanipulationof,18heartdevelopmentand,32–33inactivationof,13–14SAC,152SCDand,916–917T-type,18,31T-typecalcium,190,295–296IP3.
See1,4,5-triphosphateIRAF.
SeeImmediatereinductionofAFIschemicheartdisease,180–181,742–743ICDsfor,742–743riskfactorswith,358–360SCDand,386Isoproterenol,101,425forBS,523–524forCPVT,431forDADs,76forLQTS,99,102Isradipine,142ISSUE.
SeeInternationalStudyonSyncopeofUncertainEtiologyIto.
SeeCalcium-independenttransientoutwardcurrentItraconazole,700I/V.
SeeCurrent/voltagerelationshipIvabradine,318IVC.
SeeInferiorvenacavaIVCD.
SeeIntraventricularconductiondelayJJamesbers,48JervellandLange-Nielsensyndrome(JLNS),174,195,463Jervell,Anton,463JLNS.
SeeJervellandLange-NielsensyndromeJTV519,225–226JUP.
SeePlakoglobinJ-wave,506–513KKATP.
SeeATP-sensitivepotassiumKATPchannels,210–212,213–214Kawasakidisease,387K+channelAADsand,134,140–142AFand,195APDand,693ofbacteria,194diseaseof,194–204HCNsand,326repolarizationand,195SQTSand,195voltage-gated,195,292KCNs,33,199AFand,269BSand,505gain-of-functionmutationswith,579loss-of-functionmutationswith,203,212–213LQTSand,98,104Keating,Mark,189,462Kentfascicle,48–49Kidneydiseases,934–940K+ionsdepolarizationand,16electrochemicalgradientof,11Kirchannels(Inwardlyrectifyingpotassiumchannels)molecularconstituentsof,208tetramericchannelcomplexof,209Knoten,39LLacidipine,142LAD.
SeeLeftanteriordescendingLancisimuscle,42Lange-Nielsen,Fred,463Latepotentials(LPs),353Latesodiumcurrent(INa),162–165APDand,180ATPand,163DADsand,163–164,180EADsand,163–164,172,180ischemicheartdiseaseand,180NCXand,164Latitudemonitoringsystem,815–817LBBB.
SeeLeftbundlebranchblockLCC.
SeeL-typeCachannelLCSD.
SeeLeftcardiacsympatheticdenervation;LeftcervicalsympatheticdenervationsurgeryLDL.
SeeLow-densitylipoproteins12-leadelectrocardiogram,467–468CADand,860–861Leadingcirclemodel,81–82,263Leftanteriordescendingcoronaryartery,occlusionof,52,54Leftbundlebranchblock(LBBB),485withARVC,645withBS,831MIand,860withPCCD,564–566VTand,834Leftcardiacsympatheticdenervation(LCSD),462,475,478–479Leftcervicalsympatheticdenervationsurgery(LCSD),473Leftventricle(LV)HFand,290SCDand,290,434–435VFand,86Leftventricularassistdevice(LVAD),312Leftventricularejectionfraction(LVEF),250,356,394,402,412CADand,858,861HFand,878–879HRVand,370ICDsand,772SCDand,878–879Leftventricularhypertrophy(LVH),305,309,935–936CKDand,938remodelingand,305–308,310SCDand,436–437Leftventricularoutowtractobstruction(LVOTO),610,614HCMand,617–618Lenègredisease,46,175–176,572–574.
SeealsoConductionsystemdisease;ProgressivecardiacconductiondiseaseHis-Purkinjesystemand,175SCNsand,46,175sodiumchannelsand,170Lengthdependenteffects,149Lercanidipine,142Lesions,47Lesionsets,841Index957Leucine/isoleucinezipper(LIZ)motifs,221Leucinezippermotif,199Leukocyticinltrates,43Levooxacin,706Levomethadyl,673Lewis,Thomas,331LF.
SeeLow-frequencyLGMD.
SeeLimbgirdlemusculardystrophyLibman-Sacksendocarditis,45Lidocaine,137–139acquiredBSand,722HFand,180INaand,165Lidoazine,673Limbgirdlemusculardystrophy(LGMD),236,634–635HFwith,634Lipids,11incaveolae,233,238Lisophosphoglycerides,76Lithium,723LIZ.
SeeLeucine/isoleucinezippermotifsLonglastingchannels.
SeeL-typechannelsLongQT1syndrome(LQT1),199,424–425,463,465epinephrineQTstresstestfor,426–428therapyfor,475–476LongQT2syndrome(LQT2),201,465–466,686epinephrineQTstresstestfor,426–428therapyfor,476LongQT3syndrome(LQT3),163,424,463,466withBS,178,486epinephrineQTstresstestfor,426–428SCNsand,466STsegmentand,491therapyfor,476LongQT6syndrome(LQT6),201LongQT7syndrome(LQT7).
SeeAndersen-TawilsyndromeLongQTsyndrome(LQTS),6,8,52,174–175,187,194,197–201,292,338–340,424–428,461–479,936.
SeealsoAcquireddrug-inducedlongQTsyndrome;Andersen-Tawilsyndrome;JervellandLange-Nielsensyndrome;Romano-WardsyndromeAADsfor,744–745ablationwith,831–832AFand,577amiodaronefor,102APwith,17atenololfor,473–474β-blockersfor,99,102,174–175,201,470,473–474BSand,93calciumchannelblockersfor,474CAVand,240caveolinand,240chromanolfor,99,102cisapridefor,102concealed,464,468CPVTand,271,431cysticbrosisand,471DCMwith,250depressionwith,477diagnosisof,466–471EADsand,75ECGfor,341–342,467–468epinephrineQTstresstestfor,470exerciseand,470,477infetus,385–386brillationand,269ecainidefor,102,175,744–745gain-of-functionmutationsand,744,928geneticsand,444,464genetictestingfor,455–456Holtermonitoringfor,470ICDsfor,99,201,472–475isoproterenolfor,99,102KCNsand,98,104MCGand,385metoprololfor,473–474mexiletinefor,102mutationsand,98,284nadololfor,473–474nicorandilfor,474potassiumand,477propranololfor,102,473–474reentryand,84–85repolarizationand,213riskfactorsfor,471–473RWSand,194SCDand,438,464SCNsand,46,98,335seizureswith,464SIDSand,175,924–931sleepand,477sodiumchannelblockersfor,102sodiumchannelsand,170sodiumpentobarbitalfor,102sotalolfor,99stresswith,464–465syncopewith,464–465TdPand,174,424,464–465TDRwith,99TSand,189TWAand,394,468–469ventricularheterogeneityand,98–104verapamilfor,474VFand,595VPBswith,832Losartan,764Loss-of-functionmutations,17,201,213,269,464,567,683ofKCNs,203,212–213ofSCNs,176,178,501Low-densitylipoproteins(LDL),238Low-frequency(LF),367,865Lown-Ganong-Levinesyndrome,48LPs.
SeeLatepotentialsLQT1.
SeeLongQT1syndromeLQT2.
SeeLongQT2syndromeLQT3.
SeeLongQT3syndromeLQT6.
SeeLongQT6syndromeLQT7.
SeeAndersen-TawilsyndromeLQTS.
SeeLongQTsyndromeL-typeCachannel(LCC),146,295caveolinand,239depolarizationand,218diseaseof,187–192drugactionson,693–694inuxwith,146–147NCXand,151SRand,151TSand,549–550L-typechannels,15,18,70calciumthrough,31depolarizationin,67EADsand,74LV.
SeeLeftventricleLVAD.
SeeLeftventricularassistdevice958IndexLVH.
SeeLeftventricularhypertrophyLVOTO.
SeeLeftventricularoutowtractobstructionLysophosphatidylcholine,162,180MMackenzie,James,331MacKinnon,Rod,17,196Macroreentry,389Madin-DarbycanineKidney(MDCK),237,239MADIT.
SeeMulticenterAutomaticDebrillatorImplantationTrialMADIT-II.
SeeMulticenterAutomaticDebrillatorImplantationTrialIIMAE.
SeeMajorarrhythmiceventsMagnesium,543Magneticresonanceimaging(MRI),250forARVC,644forBS,490Magnetocardiogram(MCG),382accuracyof,384advantagesof,380–381arrhythmiasand,387–390fetal,384–390LQTSand,385measurementin,382–384Mahaimbers,48Majorarrhythmicevents(MAE),356–358MALDI-TOF.
SeeMatrix-assistedlaserdesorptionionizationtime-of-ightManagedventricularpacing(MVP),794MAP.
SeeMitogen-activatedproteinMAPD.
SeeMonophasicactionpotentialdurationMaprotiline,723MarburgCardiomyopathyStudy,361Marfansyndrome,916Matrix-assistedlaserdesorptionionizationtime-of-ight(MALDI-TOF),283Mayoprotocol.
SeeIncremental,escalatingepinephrineinfusionMazeprocedure,620Mcells,73–74,505–506INain,162Purkinjecellsand,91MCG.
SeeMagnetocardiogramMD.
SeeMyotonicdystrophy;St.
JudeMorphologyDiscriminationalgorithmMDC1C.
SeeCongenitalmusculardystrophy1cMDCK.
SeeMadin-DarbycanineKidneyMechanicalcardioversion,154–155Mechanicalinduction,155Mechanoelectricalinteractions,145–156ECC,146–150Mechanoelectricfeedback(MEF),145,151–153diastolicstretcheffectswith,151–152systolicstretcheffectswith,152–153Mechanosensitivity,153MedicalImplantCommunicationServiceBand(MICS),818Medtronic,817–818Medtronicalgorithm,790MedtronicRevealPlusModel9526,347MEF.
SeeMechanoelectricfeedbackMembranepotential,12–13depolarizationof,68–69Membranousseptum,41MERIT-HF.
SeeMetoprololCR/XIRandomizedInterventionTrialinCongestiveHeartFailureMeryon,Edward,630Mesoridazine,706Metabolism,694Metaiodobenzylguanidine(MIBG),879Metoprolol,140,411–412forLQTS,473–474stressand,59MetoprololCR/XIRandomizedInterventionTrialinCongestiveHeartFailure(MERIT-HF),763,873Mexiletine,476acquiredBSand,722forCPVT,543INaand,165forLQTS,102forTS,192MI.
SeeMyocardialinfarctionMIBG.
SeeMetaiodobenzylguanidineMicrognathia,212,546Micropipette,5Microreentry,389MicrovoltT-wavealternans(MTWA),629MICS.
SeeMedicalImplantCommunicationServiceBandMines,Ralph,654MinK(minimalK+),198MIRACLE.
SeeMulticenterInSyncRandomizedClinicalEvaluationMissensemutations,449Mitogen-activatedprotein(MAP),236Mitralannuli,42Mitralvalveprolapse,912Mitralvalvesurgery,843–844Modulatedparasystole,70Modulatedreceptorhypothesis,137Molecularelectrophysiology,6Moleculargenetics,445–451LQTSand,464,470–471Monitoring.
SeealsoHoltermonitoringambulatory,344–351externallooprecorders,345–347historyof,811–824ILR,347–350TTM,345–347,811Monogenicsyndromes,438Monophasicactionpotentialduration(MAPD),308–309BSand,512Morphologyalgorithm,787Moss,Arthur,461,462Motherwave,261,264Moxioxacin,706MRI.
SeeMagneticresonanceimagingMTWA.
SeeMicrovoltT-wavealternansMulticenterAutomaticDebrillatorImplantationTrial(MADIT),738–740,772Index959MulticenterAutomaticDebrillatorImplantationTrialII(MADIT-II),412–413,416,741,793,804MulticenterInSyncRandomizedClinicalEvaluation(MIRACLE),801,804–805MulticenterUnSustainedTachycardiaTrial(MUSTT),359,410,412,413,416,740–741,772–773,793Multiplewavelethypothesis,85–86MultisiteStimulationinCardiomyopathies(MUSTIC),801,805Muscarinicreceptors,67Musculardystrophy.
SeealsoDuchennemusculardystrophyBMD,631–632EDMD,583,632–633FSHD,636Fukuyama,636LGMD,236,634–635MDC1C,636Ullrich,636MUSTIC.
SeeMultisiteStimulationinCardiomyopathiesMUSTT.
SeeMulticenterUnSustainedTachycardiaTrialMutations,448–451.
SeealsoGain-of-functionmutations;Loss-of-functionmutationsBSand,93–94IKrand,201LQTSand,98,284missense,449PCRand,452–453inRyRs,221–225,536ofSCNs,334–335splicesite,450intranscriptionfactors,29–30MVP.
SeeManagedventricularpacingMyocardialbridging,619Myocardialinfarction(MI).
SeealsoSTelevationmyocardialinfarctionAADsfor,733AFand,266arrhythmiasand,387AVblockand,44baroreexesand,56β-blockersand,762BSand,513–514DADsand,77DMand,435–436EADsand,271HRVand,365,370–373LBBBand,860PVSwith,409,413–414RBBBand,860reentryand,84–85SAECGand,353,355–358SANand,43SCDand,353tachyarrhythmiasand,105–107TWAand,394VFand,265,832–833VTand,265Myocardialischemia,44,877–888AFand,266–267baroreexesand,56intrinsiccardiacinnervationand,57–58reentryand,84–85STsegmentand,105–107tachyarrhythmiasand,105–107VFand,266–267Myocarditis,45withARVC,648SCDand,629,912,916STsegmentand,491ventriculartachyarrhythmiasand,629MyocardiumAVblockand,43chambersof,24–25developmentof,26hypertrophied,308–310interatrial,38–39internodal,38–39rheumatoidarthritisand,45Myotonicdystrophy(MD),45,632–633exerciseand,633NNa-Caexchange(NCX),30,31,76,218,266,295,296,299,317,319BSand,506CHFand,268DADsand,261INaand,164LCCand,151senescenceand,248–249Na+channel,AADsand,134,136–140Na+channelblockers,695–699BSand,697PVCand,698ventriculartachycardiasand,698VTand,698Nadolol,463forCPVT,542forLQTS,473–474Napump,4NASPE.
SeeNorthAmericanSocietyofPacingandElectrophysiologyN-cadherin,239NCX.
SeeNa-CaexchangeNearest-neighborinteractions,148Necrosis,43Negativecoupling,396Negativepredictivevalue(NPV),402Neher,E.
,17Nernstpotential,4Nervegrowthfactor(NGF),58Nervesdegenerationof,58–59growthof,58–59sproutingof,58,875–876Neuralregulation,52–62Neuralremodeling,58–59Neuregulin-1,30NeuromagLtd.
,382NeuronalNOS(nNOS),241Neurotransmitters,53NGF.
SeeNervegrowthfactorNHE.
SeeSodium/hydrogenexchangeNicardipine,142NicorandilacquiredBSand,723forLQTS,474NID.
SeeIntervalstodetecttachycardiaNielsensyndrome,197Nifedipine,142,723forHCM,619Nifekalant,140NKEbinding,28NKEsite,27nNOS.
SeeNeuronalNOSNNT.
SeeNumberneededtotreat960IndexNodalcells,15Nonantiarrhythmicdrugs,760–767Nonischemicdilatedcardiomyopathy,360–361HRVand,373Nonischemicheartdisease,884ventricularabnormalitiesin,387Non-rapideyemovement(NREM),898Nonsustainedventriculartachycardia(NSVT),616CADand,861ICDsand,772,781–782Norepinephrine,52NorthAmericanSocietyofPacingandElectrophysiology(NASPE),772Nortriptyline,723NppA.
SeeAtrialnatriureticfactorNPV.
SeeNegativepredictivevalueNREM.
SeeNon-rapideyemovementNSVT.
SeeNonsustainedventriculartachycardiaN-terminus,237ATSand,547–548onCAV3,241Nucleotidedeletions,448–451Nucleotideinsertions,448–451Nucleotidemutations,448–451Nucleotidesubstitutions,448–451Numberneededtotreat(NNT),629OObesityOSAand,898SCDand,437Obstructivesleepapnea(OSA)obesityand,898REMand,900repolarizationand,902SCDand,898–906strokeand,903ventriculartachyarrhythmiasand,902OFT.
SeeOutowtractOhm'slaw,13OHR.
SeeOnsetheartrateOnsetalgorithm,787Onsetheartrate(OHR),399,401OPTIC.
SeeOptimalPharmacologicalTherapyinImplantableConverterOPTIMAL.
SeeOptimalTrialinMyocardialInfarctionwiththeAngiotensinIIAntagonistLosartanOptimalPharmacologicalTherapyinImplantableConverter(OPTIC),784OptimalTrialinMyocardialInfarctionwiththeAngiotensinIIAntagonistLosartan(OPTIMAL),764OregonSuddenUnexpectedDeathStudy(Ore-SUDS),434–435Ore-SUDS.
SeeOregonSuddenUnexpectedDeathStudyrsted,HansC.
,379OSA.
SeeObstructivesleepapneaOuabain,76Outowtract(OFT),27,31Overdrivesuppression,68,69–70Overlapsyndromes,178–179Overshoot,14Oxatomide,285Oxidants,162,939PP.
SeeProngsPacemakercurrent,294Pacemakers,26.
SeealsoImplantablecardioverterdebrillatorsarticial,133,170biological,316–326ectopic,70inHis-Purkinjesystem,68physiological,316–326potassiumand,69remotepatientmanagementand,809–824PAF.
SeeParoxysmalatrialbrillationPalade,George,233Palmitoylcarnitine,162,180Papaverine,142Parad+algorithm,790Parasympatheticganglionatedplexus,38Parasystole,70–71ParisProspectiveStudyI,435Paroxetine,706Paroxysmalatrialbrillation(PAF),811Paroxysmalnocturnaldyspnea(PND),815Paroxysmalsupraventriculartachycardia(PSVT),143TTMand,811verapamilfor,143PAT.
SeePolishAmiodaroneTrialPatch-clamptechnique,17Pavlovianconditioning,59PCCD.
SeeProgressivecardiacconductiondiseasePCR.
SeePolymerasechainreactionPDEs,225PDZ,240,241Pectinatemuscle(PM),109Penetratingbundle,43Pentobarbital,102Percutaneoustransluminalcoronaryangioplasty(PTCA),340Pericarditis,45STsegmentand,491Peristaltichearts,25–26Perphenazine,723PH.
SeePleckstrinhomologyPhalloidin,239Pharmacodynamics,677ofdrug-inducedrisks,683Pharmacogenetics,679–683Pharmacokinetics,677ofdrug-inducedrisks,682–683Phase2reentry,89BSand,96–97Phenothiazine,723PhilipsGmbH,382Phosphatdylethanolamine,233Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate(PIP2),212,241,547incaveolae,233Phosphatidylserine,233PhosphokinaseA(PKA),296Phospholamban(PLB),30,31,164,296SERCAand,218PhospholipaseC(PLC),241,298Phospholipids,150Phosphorylation,221Pilsicainide,92,135,429,431,487,501,698,699,720acquiredBSand,721Pimozide,706PinacidilforBS,524forDADs,76Index961PIP2.
SeePhosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphatePKA.
SeePhosphokinaseA;ProteinkinaseAPKC.
SeeProteinkinaseCPKP-2.
SeePlakophilin-2Plakoglobin(JUP),648Plakophilin-2(PKP-2),648–649Plateauphase,14calciumchanneland,188PLB.
SeePhospholambanPLC.
SeePhospholipaseCPleckstrinhomology(PH),240PM.
SeePectinatemusclePND.
SeeParoxysmalnocturnaldyspneaPneumonia,633Poincaréplots,368Polarity,25PolishAmiodaroneTrial(PAT),735,737Polyarteritisnodosa,45Polymerasechainreaction(PCR),295mutationsand,452–453Polymorphicventriculartachycardia(PVT),77,101,461withCPVT,104Polypharmacy,939Polyunsaturatedfattyacids(PUFAs),766–767Positivepredictivevalue(PPV),402Postictalapnea,892Postpartum,465–466Postsynapticdensityprotein95(PSD95),240Potassium(K),68.
SeealsoK+channelLQTSand,477pacemakersand,69Potassiumchannelblockers,784–785Potassiumchannelopeners,forLQTS,474Power-lawslope,368Powerspectraldensity(PSD),367PPV.
SeePositivepredictivevaluePQinterval,49Precordialthumps(PT),154PRELUDE.
SeePRogrammedElectricaLstimUlationpreDictivEPrematureventricularcontractions(PVC),65,249,335,337,693withATS,546BSand,485Na+channelblockersand,698VFand,826Presyncope,344Primaryelectricaldisease,361.
SeealsoBrugadasyndrome;Catecholaminergicpolymorphicventriculartachycardia;LongQTsyndrome;ShortQTsyndrome;VentricularbrillationPVSwith,415–416Primaryendpointteststatistic,855Prinzmetal'sangina,491TWAand,394Probucol,285Procainamide,285,429,699acquiredBSand,722forBS,92,98,521tachyarrhythmiasfrom,706TWAand,404PRogrammedElectricaLstimUlationpreDictivE(PRELUDE),503Programmedventricularstimulation(PVS),409–418CADand,862–863withcongenitalheartdisease,414–415ICDsand,416limitationsandcomplicationsof,416–417withMI,409,413–414forSQTS,559withvalvularheartdisease,414–415withVT,409withWPW,409Progressivecardiacconductiondisease(PCCD),45–46,564–574,916BSand,178,572–574genetictestingfor,455–456His-Purkinjesystemand,564LBBBwith,564–566RBBBwith,564–566SCNsand,335WPWand,572WTand,567Prongs(P),38,42–43Propafenone,697,699,785forBS,521tachyarrhythmiasfrom,706Propranolol,140forLQTS,102,473–474stressand,59ProteinkinaseA(PKA),188,199cAMP-dependent,241hyperphosphorylationin,225phosphorylationby,221,223RyRsand,220ProteinkinaseC(PKC),188RyRsand,221Proteinuria,939Provocativetesting,424–439withsodiumchannelblockers,429–431PSD.
SeePowerspectraldensityPSD95.
SeePostsynapticdensityprotein95PSVT.
SeeParoxysmalsupraventriculartachycardiaPsychotropicdrugs,723PT.
SeePrecordialthumpsPTCA.
SeePercutaneoustransluminalcoronaryangioplastyPUFAs.
SeePolyunsaturatedfattyacidsPulmonarybanding,309–310Pulmonaryedema,892Pulmonaryvein(PV),108Purines,449PurkinjecellsINain,162Mcellsand,91VFand,589Purkinjebers,15reentryand,85reectionand,87–89PV.
SeePulmonaryveinPVC.
SeePrematureventricularcontractionsPVS.
SeeProgrammedventricularstimulationPVT.
SeePolymorphicventriculartachycardiaP-waves,176Pyrimidine,449QQuadrigeminy,338Qualityoflife,742,854962IndexQualityoflife(cont.
)arrhythmogenesisand,247ATPand,776CRTand,804ICDsand,251,252,475,749ICDshocksand,781,786,882statintherapyand,765Quetiapine,706Quinidine,139–140,285forBS,98,489,521–523,743–744digitalisand,700drugtoxicitywith,692tachyarrhythmiasfrom,706TdPfrom,203–204forVF,596–598Q-waves,630,631QX-314,137–138RRAAS.
SeeRennin-angiotensin-aldosteronesystemRadiofrequencyablation(RFA),133,252,827–828,841forDCM,414forVF,598–599ofVT,785–786forWPW,417,664RALES.
SeeRandomizedAldactoneEvaluationStudyRamipril,763RandomizedAldactoneEvaluationStudy(RALES),764RanolazineforDADs,76INaand,165Rapideyemovement(REM),60,898OSAand,900Reactivation,14Recalls,791–793Rectication,209Recticationcontroller,209Reentrantarrhythmias,79–89,261,300AADsand,135–136withHCM,612Reentry.
SeealsoCircusmovementreentryAADsand,135–136AFand,85arrhythmiasand,84–87BSand,84–85conductionand,270loops,4LQTSand,84–85macroreentry,389MCGand,389MIand,84–85microreentry,389myocardialischemiaand,84–85phase2,89,96–97slowconductionand,110–111SQTSand,84–85VFand,85VTand,415WPWand,85Reection,87–89Reectiveendocarditis,45Refractoriness,264Relaxation,151,295REM.
SeeRapideyemovementRemodeling,272,290–300,607–609,711–712atrial,300neural,58–59reversalof,311–312ventricular,299–300,305–312Remotepatientmanagement,809–824Removalofinactivation,14Rennin-angiotensin-aldosteronesystem(RAAS),290,297,763–764Repolarization,395,711–712.
SeealsoTransmuraldispersionofrepolarizationacetylcholineand,109APDand,307arrhythmiasand,397–399BSand,508inCHF,309EADsand,261geneticsof,678–679K+channeland,195LQTSand,213OSAand,902SCDand,924–931SQTSand,213VFand,271Restingpotential,32Restitutionhypothesis,395–396Returnextrasystole,87Reverse-frequency-dependence,140–142RFA.
SeeRadiofrequencyablationRheumatoidarthritis,45Ribonucleicacid(RNA),446,450Rightbundlebranchblock(RBBB),96,331,486,489BSand,509,719MIand,860withPCCD,564–566inSQTS,560VFand,588Rightbroustrigone,39Rightventricle(RV)ARVCand,177imagingof,646VFand,86Rightventricularoutowtract(RVOT),179,410,508,512,589,828AMIand,724BSand,483,485,488,512–513,516VFand,595–596Ringmodel,79–81Riskfactors.
SeealsoDrug-inducedrisksforADILQTS,707forBS,491–492,502–503forCAD,858–867ofcisapride,677withCKD,937–939forDCM,629–630withexercise,917–918forHCM,615–619heartrateand,365–374ofhypokalemia,677withischemicheartdisease,358–360withLQTS,471–473withSAECG,355–361forSCD,249–250,629–630,662–664,851–931ofsotalol,677forSUDEP,890–891forWPW,662–664Risperidone,706Ritalin,477RMSSD.
SeeRootmeansquareofsuccessdifferencesRomano-Wardsyndrome(RWS),98,174,197,463LQTSand,194Rootmeansquareofsuccessdifferences(RMSSD),366Roussarcomavirus(RSV),234RSV.
SeeRoussarcomavirusRV.
SeeRightventricleR-waves,630,631Index963RWS.
SeeRomano-WardsyndromeRyanodine,75DADsand,76Ryanodinereceptormacromolecularcomplex,220–221Ryanodinereceptors(RyRs),31,77,219–220β-adrenergicreceptorsand,221arrhythmogenesisand,218–227ARVCand,218,221,648–649CaMand,220CaMKIIand,220–221,268cardiomyocytesand,218CPVTand,218,221–224,270,338,536ECCand,218–219gain-of-functionmutationsin,223,225,537HFand,225hyperthermiaand,221mutationsin,221–225,536PKAand,220PKCand,221SERCAand,221SRand,147astherapeutictarget,225–226RyRs.
SeeRyanodinereceptorsSSAC.
SeeStretch-activatedionchannelsSAECG.
SeeSignalaveragedelectrocardiogramSakman,B.
,17Samplesize,855–856SAN.
SeeSinoatrialnodeα-sarcoglycan,235Sarcolemma,146Sarcomere,147–148Sarcoplasmic-endoplasmicreticulumCa-ATPase(SERCA),30,31,151,218,296RyRsand,221senescenceand,249Sarcoplasmicreticulum(SR),15,218calciumand,67,164,396DADsand,76,261defectivefunctionof,296EADsand,75heartdevelopmentand,30–31LCCand,151RyRsand,147SaxitoxinHFand,180INaand,165SCD.
SeeSuddencardiacdeathSCD-HeFT.
SeeSuddenCardiacDeathinHeartFailureTrialSchwartz,Peter,461,462Schwartzscore,466–467,471SCNs,33,162BSand,46,93–94,173,483,503–505caveolinand,239DCMand,178Lenègrediseaseand,46,175LQT3and,466LQTSand,46,98,335mutationsin,334–335PCCDand,335TSand,190Scoliosis,212Scopolamine,369Scrollwaves,265SDAAM.
SeeStandarddeviationofthe5-minutemedianatrial-to-atrialdepolarizationintervalsSDANN.
SeeStandarddeviationofthe5-minuteaveragenormal-to-normalintervalsSDNN.
SeeStandarddeviationofallnormal-to-normalintervalsSecondVeteransAdministrationVasodilator-HeartFailureTrial(V-HeftII),764Seizures,349.
SeealsoEpilepsyAdams-Stokes,316withLQTS,464TSand,189Selectiveserotoninreuptakeinhibitors(SSRIs),723Semilunarvalves,26Senescencearrhythmogenesisand,247–253heartrateand,248ICDsand,251–252Sepsis,189Septalablation,620Septalleaet,39,41Septalmyectomysurgery,619–620Septicemia,939SERCA.
SeeSarcoplasmic-endoplasmicreticulumCa-ATPaseSertindole,204,673,706Sertraline,369,706Shakerchannels,196,239Shimizuprotocol.
SeeBolusinjectionfollowedbybriefcontinuousinfusionShocks,withICDs,781–795,804Shocktherapy,776ShortestpreexcitedRRinterval(SPRR),663–664ShortQTsyndrome(SQTS),201–203,212–213,554–561AFand,203,212,577APDand,270DCMwith,250EADsand,79geneticsand,444genetictestingfor,455–456ICDsfor,213,560K+channeland,195Kirchannelsand,207,212reentryand,84–85SCDand,269sotalolfor,561treatmentfor,561ventricularheterogeneityand,104ventriculartachyarrhythmiasand,554VFand,212,269,554,559,595VTand,555SicilianGambitgroup,135Sicksinussyndrome(SSS),176,318sodiumchannelsand,170SIDS.
SeeSuddeninfantdeathsyndromeSiemensAG,382Signalaveragedelectrocardiogram(SAECG),249–250,353–362,403,512forARVC,644–645CADand,862frequency-domainanalysisof,355HCMand,361,618Holtermonitoringand,355ICDsand,356–358MIand,353riskfactorswith,355–361SCDand,353syncopeand,353time-domainanalysisof,353–355964IndexSignalaveragedelectrocardiogram(SAECG)(cont.
)ventriculartachyarrhythmiasand,353VTand,353Signaltransduction,239Singlenucleotidepolymorphisms(SNPs),281–287,439,679–680Single-photonemissioncomputedtomography(SPECT),250Singlesourcehypothesis,85–86Single-strandedconformationalpolymorphism(SSCP),453Sinoatrialblock,43Sinoatrialnode(SAN),19,24,67,317acetylcholinein,318catecholaminesin,318CHFand,267conductiontissuesand,33hemorrhagein,43MIand,43necrosisin,43pacemakercellsin,317pacemakercurrentand,294sinusarrestand,43structureof,37–38Sinusarrest,43Sinushorn,28Sinusnode.
SeeSinoatrialnodeSinusvenosus,26,27Skeletalmyopathies.
SeealsoDuchennemusculardystrophy;Emery-Dreifussmusculardystrophy;Limbgirdlemusculardystrophy;MyotonicdystrophyAFand,577BMD,631–632SCDin,627–637Sleep.
SeealsoApneaAFand,60arrhythmiasand,899atrioventricularblockand,899asautonomicstresstest,60–61bradycardiaand,899LQT3and,466LQTSand,477REM,60SCDand,60stressand,60–61Sleepapnea,60Slowconduction,reentryand,110–111SMARTalgorithm,790SMVT.
SeeClinicalsustainedmonomorphicVTSMX.
SeeSulfamethoxazoleSNPs.
SeeSinglenucleotidepolymorphismsSNS.
SeeSympatheticnervoussystemSNTA.
Seeα1-syntrophinSocioeconomicstatus,437–438Sodium(Na),loadingof,161–166Sodiumchannelblockers,284.
SeealsoNa+channelblockersAFand,264forBS,92,489forLQT3,476forLQTS,102provocativetestingwith,429–431VFand,264Sodiumchannels.
SeealsoNa+channelARVCand,177Lenègrediseaseand,170LQTSand,170pathologieswith,170–181structureandfunctionof,171–172Sodiumcurrent,294–295VTand,294Sodium/hydrogenexchange(NHE),161Sodiumpentobarbital,102Sodium-potassiumpump,12,297Sotalol,101,251,286,784.
SeealsoSurvivalWithOrald-SotaloltrialforARVC,650withICD,746forLQTS,99riskof,677forSQTS,561tachyarrhythmiasfrom,706TWAand,404forWPW,664,665SpaghettiSyndrome,938SpanishStudyofSuddenDeath(SSSD),735,737Specializedtissues,15–17SPECT.
SeeSingle-photonemissioncomputedtomographySphingomyelin,233Spiralwaves,83–84,263AFand,85multiple,263single,263VFand,85Spironolactone,369,764Splicesitemutation,450SPRR.
SeeShortestpreexcitedRRintervalSQTS.
SeeShortQTsyndromeSQUID.
SeeSuperconductingquantuminterferencedevicesSquidaxon,4–5SR.
SeeSarcoplasmicreticulumSRE.
SeeSteroidregulatoryelementsSSCP.
SeeSingle-strandedconformationalpolymorphismSSRIs.
SeeSelectiveserotoninreuptakeinhibitorsSSS.
SeeSicksinussyndromeSSSD.
SeeSpanishStudyofSuddenDeathStabilityalgorithm,787Standarddeviationofallnormal-to-normalintervals(SDNN),366Standarddeviationofthe5-minuteaveragenormal-to-normalintervals(SDANN),366Standarddeviationofthe5-minutemedianatrial-to-atrialdepolarizationintervals(SDAAM),366Standstill.
SeeAtrialstandstillStatins,7,251,785forCAD,765Statisticalpower,855Steinert'sdisease,45STelevationmyocardialinfarction(STEMI),284Stemcellresearch,322–325STEMI.
SeeSTelevationmyocardialinfarctionStern,Shlomo,331Steroidregulatoryelements(SRE),238St.
JudeMedical,818–823St.
JudeMorphologyDiscriminationalgorithm(MD),787,790,793Index965Stokes-Adamssyndrome,153–154Stress,98–99β-adrenergicreceptorsand,59arrhythmiasand,224arrhythmogenesisand,59–60CPVTand,224,338withLQTS,464–465managementofCADand,369HRVand,369metoprololand,59propranololand,59sleepand,60–61Stretch-activatedionchannels(SAC),152StrokeAFand,203OSAand,903SCDand,893STsegmentacquiredBSand,179ARVCand,491BSand,96,98,270,491,719,721,743electrolytesand,491hypercalcemiaand,491hyperkalemiaand,491LQT3and,491myocardialischemiaand,105–107myocarditisand,491pericarditisand,491tachyarrhythmiasand,105–107SU.
SeeSyntrophin-uniqueSubendocardium,42,394Substitutions,448–451α-subunits,17β-subunits,17δ-subunits,17γ-subunits,17Suddencardiacdeath(SCD),52,305,334,411–412,917AADsand,733–751,881ACEand,760ACEIand,880arrhythmiasand,52ARVCand,643,915–916withathletes,911–920ATSand,894β-blockersand,760–763,880bradyarrhythmiasand,248BSand,483,916–917CADand,438,858–867,912–914CAV1/3and,236CPVTand,104,917CSDand,912inDCM,627–637DMand,435–436drug-inducedrisksfor,673–676drugsfor,250–251exerciseand,911–920geneticsand,438–439genetictestingfor,455–456HCMand,615–619,912,914–915withHD,936–937HFand,873–884HRVand,365,371–373HVintervaland,417–418ICDsand,251–252,387,434,781–795,881–882ininfants,384–390infrahisianblockand,417–418invasiveelectrophysiologictestingand,409–418ionchannelsand,916–917ischemicheartdiseaseand,386inkidneydiseases,924–931LQTSand,438,464LVand,290,434–435LVEFand,878–879LVHand,436–437MIand,353myocarditisand,629,912,916neurologicalconditionsand,888–894nonAADsand,760–767obesityand,437Obstructivesleepapnea(OSA)and,898–906OSAand,898–906predictorsof,434–439preventionof,880–883QTcand,435repolarizationand,924–931riskfactorsfor,249–250,629–630,662–664,851–931SAECGand,353senescenceand,247–252inskeletalmyopathies,627–637sleepand,60socioeconomicstatusand,437–438SQTSand,104,269,554strokeand,893tachyarrhythmiasand,248traumaand,917TWAand,394–404ventriculararrhythmiasand,394,916ventriculartachyarrhythmiasand,265,394VFand,92,411–412,917VTand,265WPWand,417,654–666,912SuddenCardiacDeathinHeartFailureTrial(SCD-HeFT),413,742,804,853Suddeninfantdeathsyndrome(SIDS),175,286,924–931LQTSand,175,924–931Suddenunexplaineddeathsyndrome(SUDS),173–174genetictestingfor,455–456Suddenunexplainednocturnaldeathsyndrome(SUNDS),485,515–516VFand,588Suddenunexplainedorunexpecteddeathinepilepsy(SUDEP),888–894riskfactorsin,890–891SUDEP.
SeeSuddenunexplainedorunexpecteddeathinepilepsySUDS.
SeeSuddenunexplaineddeathsyndromeSulfamethoxazole(SMX),285SUNDS.
SeeSuddenunexplainednocturnaldeathsyndromeSuperconductingquantuminterferencedevices(SQUID),379–380,383Superiorvenacava(SVC),107–108ICDsand,774Supraventriculararrhythmias,44withHCM,612,615ICDshockwith,786MCGand,385Supraventriculartachycardia(SVT),665TTMand,811SurfaceECG,11,17,379–391SurvivalWithOrald-Sotaloltrial(SWORD),734,736Sustainedstretch,155Sutherland,Earl,5SVC.
SeeSuperiorvenacavaSVT.
SeeSupraventriculartachycardiaSWORD.
SeeSurvivalWithOrald-Sotaloltrial966IndexSympatheticnerveactivation,875–876Sympatheticnervoussystem(SNS),290Sympathetic-parasympatheticinteractions,56Syncope,336,338.
SeealsoPresyncopearrhythmiasand,344withARVC,643withatrialstandstill,583withATS,547withBS,492withHCM,614,616–617Holtermonitoringfor,344withLQTS,464–465SAECGand,353vasodepressor,350Syndactyly,189,338TSand,548α1-syntrophin(SNTA),240–241Syntrophin-unique(SU),240–241Systemiclupuserythematosus,45Systolicstretcheffects,152–153TT.
SeeThymine;TransitionalcellsTachyarrhythmias,133.
SeealsoVentriculartachyarrhythmiasfromamiodarone,706atrial,66fromazimilide,706fromdisopyramide,706fromdofetilide,706drugsand,706fromecainide,706fromibutilide,706MCGand,389mechanismsof,66myocardialischemiaand,105–107withmyotonicdystrophy,633procainamideand,706propafenoneand,706PSVT,143fromquinidine,706SCDand,248sotaloland,706STsegmentand,105–107fromtedisamil,706therapiesfor,776–777TSand,189Tachycardia.
SeealsoSupraventriculartachycardia;Ventriculartachycardiaelectriophysiologicalremodelingin,290mechanicalcardioversionin,154–155ventricularutterand,338Tako-Tsubosyndrome,341TASKIcurrent,18Tawariansystem,48TBEbinding,27T-boxfactors,24heartcompartmentalizationand,27–29Tbx5,29TdP.
SeeTorsadedepointesTDR.
SeeTransmuraldispersionofrepolarizationTedisamil,523tachyarrhythmiasfrom,706TendonofTodaro,39Terfenadine,204,285,673,708forBS,524TdPand,694Terodiline,673TET.
SeeThoroughECGTrialdesignTetralogyofFallot,44TSand,189Tetramericchannels,209,219–220Tetrodotoxin(TTX),6,136INaand,165TH.
SeeTyrosinehydroxylaseTheophylline,143Thioridazine,706ThoroughECGTrialdesign(TET),674–676Thresholdpotential(TP),262Thymine(T),445Timothysyndrome(TS),98,187–192,461,548–551arrhythmiaswith,191–192autismand,189,548bradycardiaand,189calciumchannelblockersfor,192CHDand,189DADsand,549genetictestingfor,455–456hypoglycemiaand,189,192ICDsfor,192LCCand,549–550LQTSand,189mexiletinefor,192molecularandcellularbasisof,549–551SCNsand,190seizuresand,189syndactylyand,548tachyarrhythmiasand,189TetralogyofFallotand,189therapyfor,192VFand,189,192VTand,189,192TINN.
SeeTriangularindexNNTMX.
SeeTrimethoprimTnC,150Toluene,708Torsadedepointes(TdP),74,101,140,936β-blockersand,474bradycardiaand,273BSand,523fromcisapride,204druginduced,677,683EADsand,75brillationand,269hERGand,678withLQTS,174,424,464–465fromquinidine,203–204terfenadineand,694Towbin,Jeffrey,462Toxicity.
SeeCardiactoxicityTP.
SeeThresholdpotentialTRACE.
SeeTrandolaprilCardiacEvaluationTrandolapril,763TrandolaprilCardiacEvaluation(TRACE),763Transcriptionalactivator,29Transcriptionalrepressors,24,28–29Transcriptionfactors,29–30Transientoutwardpotassiumcurrent,294Transitional(T)cells,38,43Transmembranepotential,12Transmembranespanningsegments,187Transmuraldispersionofrepolarization(TDR),75,427withLQTS,99VT/VFand,104–105Transtelephonicmonitors(TTM),345–347,811Index967Treatmenteffect,855TriangularindexNN(TINN),367Tricuspidvalve,39,42Trigeminy,338Triggeredactivity,65ofafterdepolarizations,70–79Trimethoprim(TMX),2851,4,5-triphosphate(IP3),298Tropomyosin,148Truncusarteriosus,44TS.
SeeTimothysyndromeTTM.
SeeTranstelephonicmonitorsT-tubule,220TTX.
SeeTetrodotoxinT-typecalciumchannel,295–296autismand,190T-typechannels,18calciumthrough,31Turner'ssyndrome(XO),448TWA.
SeeT-wavealternansT-wavealternans(TWA),54,58–60,394–404.
SeealsoMicrovoltT-wavealternansamiodaroneand,404β-blockersand,404BSand,95,513CADand,859,863–864clinicalutilityof,402–403electrolytesand,394forHCM,618ICDsand,403forLQTS,394,468–469measurementof,399–402MIand,394Prinzmetal'sanginaand,394procainamideand,404SCDand,394–404sotaloland,404ventriculararrhythmiasand,394,878ventriculartachyarrhythmiasand,404VFand,395VTand,395VT/VFand,59T-wavememory,272T-waves,340–341T-wavespectralvariance(TWSV),472Twiddler'ssyndrome,813TWIKIcurrent,18TWSV.
SeeT-wavespectralvarianceTypeIerror,855Tyrosinehydroxylase(TH),875UULF.
SeeUltralowfrequencyUllrichmusculardystrophy,636Ultralowfrequency(ULF),367,865Unidirectionalblock,264U-waves,708–709,893VVagalstimulation,43AFand,271Vagusnervehyperpolarizationand,67VFand,56Valvesinchamberedheart,26one-way,26Valvularheartdisease,PVSwith,414–415Vasodepressorsyncope,350Vaughn-Williamsclassication,133–135VeinofMarshall,213Venlafaxine,706VENTAK-CHFtrial,804VentriculararrhythmiaswithARVC,643withHCM,612,615frompilsicainide,429withPVS,411SCDand,394,916senescenceand,249triggersfor,877–878TWAand,394,878Ventricular-basedpacing(VVI),793Ventricularchamber,25Ventricularconductionsystem,30Ventricularbrillation(VF),336,409,733ablationwith,826–836β-adrenergicreceptoractivationand,54vs.
AF,261–274BSand,92,94,428,589,595,719,830–831CHFand,269CPVTand,588,595DADsand,261diagnosisof,593–594EADsand,261ECGof,590–591exercisetrainingand,56–57genetictestingfor,455–456ICDsand,599,773,826idiopathic,588–599LQTSand,595LVand,86MIand,265,832–833myocardialischemiaand,266–267Purkinjecellsand,589PVCand,826quinidinefor,596–598RBBBand,588reentryand,85repolarizationand,271RFAfor,598–599RVand,86RVOTand,595–596SCDand,92,411–412,917sodiumchannelblockersand,264Spiralwavesand,85SQTSand,212,269,554,559,595SUNDSand,588treatmentfor,596–599TSand,189,192TWAand,395vagusnerveand,56VTand,266WPWand,594Ventricularutter,339ICDsand,773tachycardiaand,338Ventricularheterogeneity,89–107acutemyocardialischemia-inducedSTsegmentelevationandtachyarrhythmias,105–107BSand,92–98CPVTand,104LQTSand,98–104SQTSand,104Ventricularhypertrophy(VH),305,310CHFand,305HFand,310Ventricularpacing,290Ventricularpreexcitationsyndrome,577,916.
SeealsoWolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndromeenhancedatrioventricularconductionand,48–49968IndexVentricularprematurebeats(VPBs),57,826,828withATS,832withBS,831withDMD,631withLQTS,832Ventricularprematurecomplex(VPC),782Ventricularquadrigeminy,338Ventricularseptalcrest,41Ventricularseptaldefects(VSD),29Ventricularseptum,42Ventriculartachyarrhythmias.
SeealsoPrimaryelectricaldiseaseadenosineand,144CHFand,272HRVand,371–373ICDsand,394idiopathic,77mechanismsof,66myocarditisand,629OSAand,902SAECGand,353SCDand,265SQTSand,554TWAand,404Ventriculartachycardia(VT),76,339.
SeealsoCatecholaminergicpolymorphicventriculartachycardia;ClinicalsustainedmonomorphicVT;NonsustainedventriculartachycardiaAADsfor,412–413,733ablationof,826–836inARVC,834BSand,830cardiacrevascularizationand,252CPVTand,223withDCM,213–214,630HRVand,371hypercalcemiawith,224ICDsfor,772ICDshockwith,786LBBBand,834MIand,265Na+channelblockersand,698PVSwith,409reentryand,415RFAof,785–786SAECGand,353SCDand,265sodiumcurrentand,294SQTSand,555TSand,189,192TWAand,395VFand,266Ventriculartachycardiaventricularbrillation(VT/VF),89,97,266,588,593,736,745BSand,483,500,502–503,830CPVTand,270EMDand,874EPSand,492ICDsand,620,650,781,804TDRand,104–105TWAand,59Ventriculartrigeminy,338Verapamil,142acquiredBSand,722forBS,524forCPVT,542–543forDADs,76digitalisand,700forHCM,619forLQTS,474forPSVT,143forWPW,664Very-low-frequency(VLF),367,865VF.
SeeVentricularbrillationVH.
SeeVentricularhypertrophyV-HeftII.
SeeSecondVeteransAdministrationVasodilator-HeartFailureTrialVincent,G.
Michael,461VIP21.
SeeCaveolinVLF.
SeeVery-low-frequencyVoltageclamp,5VoltagegatedK+channels,195moleculardeterminantsof,196VPBs.
SeeVentricularprematurebeatsVPC.
SeeVentricularprematurecomplexVSD.
SeeVentricularseptaldefectsVT.
SeeVentriculartachycardiaVT/VF.
SeeVentriculartachycardiaventricularbrillationVVI.
SeeVentricular-basedpacingWWaller,AugustusDesire,331Wegener'sgranulomatosis,45Wild-typechannel(WT),191,319,453PCCDand,567WolffinSheep'sClothing,655Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome(WPW),48–49,111,385,461managementof,664–666PCCDand,572PVSwith,409reentryand,85riskfactorsfor,662–664SCDand,417,654–666,912sotalolfor,664,665verapamilfor,664VFand,594WPW.
SeeWolff-Parkinson-WhitesyndromeWT.
SeeWild-typechannelXX-linkeddominant,447–448X-linkedrecessive,447–448withatrialstandstill,583XO.
SeeTurner'ssyndromeZZASP.
SeeZ-bandalternativelysplicedPDZmotifproteinZ-bandalternativelysplicedPDZmotifprotein(ZASP),240Z-line,239