Internaldmcl

195AACL-deficientknees,13,63–64Adipose-derivedculturedmesenchymalstemcells(aMSCs),143All-insidemeniscalrepairanatomicalconsiderations,106biomechanicalconsiderations,106FasT-Fix,105indications,104longitudinalmeniscaltear,105,106meniscalsuture,103outcomesof,106–107placement,104RapidLoc,105surgicalprocedures,105AMSCs.
SeeAdipose-derivedculturedmesenchymalstemcells(aMSCs)Anteriorcruciateligament(ACL),4,31,49Anteriorintermeniscalligament,15Apheresis,144Apleygrindtests,80Arthroscopy,32Alignmentbiomechanicalrationale,126meniscus,117meniscustearsanddegeneration,118–119osteotomydegreeofcorrection,122flowdecision-makingalgorithm,121–122LOWHTOtechnique,122–125MCWDFVOtechnique,125–126MOWHTOtechnique,122–123patientassessment,121surgicaloptions,126BBiofixrdevice,107Bucket-handletear,22CCollagenMeniscusImplant(CMI),140DDeepMedialCollateralLigament(dMCL),16Discoidmenisciandtreatmentanatomy,165–166classifications,166diagnosis,166–167femoralcondylesandtibialplateau,165imagingmagneticresonanceimaging,167–168radiography,167ultrasonography,167incidence,166outcome,171partialmeniscectomyandmeniscusrepair,168–171pathology,1683Dstereoscopictechnology,36EEvidence-basedmedicine(EBM)andmeniscectomy,44FFasT-Fixdevice,70Flaporparrot-beaktears,24Freeze-driedmeniscus,178GGhostsign,53Golgitendons,14HHealing,137–138Hoopstresses,11,48Humphreyligament,6IIliotibialband(ITB),112,113Inside-outmeniscusrepairadjuncts,114applications,109Index196Inside-outmeniscusrepair(cont.
)assessment,114benefits,110centralzonerepairs,109–110closure,114complications,115exposure,111outcomes,114–115pearls,115pitfalls,115positioningandsetup,111posterolateralapproach,111posteromedialapproach,111preparation,111principles,112–113specialequipment,110suture,113–114Internalmarsupialization,161KKellgren-Lawrencegradingscale,59KneeInjuryandOsteoarthritisOutcomeScore(KOOS),38–39,140,180LLateralmeniscusanteriorhorn,4anteriorroot,3–4hiatuspopliteus,4–6meniscofemoralligaments,6posteriorroot,6–7Lateraltibialeminence(LTE),50Lysholmscores,59MMcMurraytests,66,80,134,167Mechanicalmedialproximaltibialangle(mMPTA),118Medialcollateralligament(MCL),34Medialmeniscusanteriorroot,1–2anteromedialzone,2–3collateralligament,3posteriorhorn,3posteriorroot,3Medialtibialeminence(MTE)apex,50Meniscalallografttransplantation(MAT),120,176,179,180,185,188animalstudies,176anteriorcruciateligament,176bonebridgetechniques,183–184bone-plugtechnique,181–183,185clinicaloutcome,185complications,186,190contraindications,179examinationsandinvestigations,180experimental/biomechanicalstudies,186failuresandreoperations,186graftextrusion,185graftprocurementdonorselectionandsuitability,177harvesting,177lawsandregulations,176sizing,178–179storage,178treatment,177–178indications,179opentechnique,185osteoarthritis,176patient-reportedoutcomes,188–189procedures,185radiologicaloutcome,186,189–190randomizedclinicaltrials,176rehabilitation,186–188softtissuetechnique,185sports,190surgicaltechnique,180–181survivalrates,189Meniscalramplesions,63MeniscalrepairoutcomeswithACL,149afterisolatedrepair,150–151aftermeniscusrepair,151–152all-insidetechnique,147cartilagepreservation,148failure,148Fairbankschanges,148inside-outtechnique,147,148long-termprotectiveeffects,148medialmeniscus,149patients,150systematicreview,149Meniscaltears,26–27anatomy,50biomechanics,50–51classificationsystems,54degenerativemeniscaltearsclassification,25–26diagnosisimaging,53physicalexamination,51–53differentpatterns,22discoidmeniscusclassification,25history,51medialmeniscalcapsulartearsclassification,27–28meniscalroottears,26–27MRIclassification,22outcomes,57–58postoperativerehabilitation,57treatment,54–57Trillat'sclassification,22Meniscectomytechnique,32–36Meniscusanteriorandposteriormeniscofemoralligaments,16anteriorintermeniscalligament,15biomechanicalpropertiesresponsetocompression,11responsetoshear,12Index197responsetotension,12viscoelasticity,10–11coronaryligaments,15degenerationandcystsarthroscopicfindingsandteartypes,158clinicalfeatures,156etiology,156meniscalmucoiddegeneration,155MRIfindings,157–158osteoarthriticknees,155treatment,158–161functionalpropertiesfunctionalmovements,14jointstability,13lubricationandnutrition,13–14proprioception,14shockabsorption,14size,shape,andloadtransmission,12–13lateralmeniscusanteriorhorn,4anteriorroot,3–4hiatuspopliteus,4–6meniscofemoralligaments,6posteriorroot,6–7medialmeniscusanteriorroot,1–2anteromedialzone,2–3collateralligament,3posteriorhorn,3posteriorroot,3meniscofibularligaments,16meniscotibialligaments,15–16microscopiccomposition,9–10pathologyresultinginadysfunction,14–15MMPTA.
SeeMechanicalmedialproximaltibialangle(mMPTA)MVP.
SeeMarrowventingprocedure(MVP)NNegativemeniscaltests,64OOsteonecrosis,40Outside-inmeniscalrepairanteriorhorn,130internalkneecomplications,129meniscectomy,129,135meniscustears,129outcomes,134,135posteriormeniscus,135procedure,130surgicaltechnique,130–134PPaciniancorpuscles,14Patient-reportedoutcomemeasures(PROMs),180,185PeripheralmeniscaltearsACLtears,78all-insidetechnique,85–86anatomicmeniscalregion,87anatomicpositionandattachments,77coronaryligaments,78diagnosis,79imagingCTarthrography,82–83diagnosticarthroscopy,81magneticresonanceimaging,82standardradiographs,81–82ultrasound,82inside-outrepairtechnique,83–84menisci,79outcomes,86–87outside-inrepairtechnique,84,85physicalexamination,79–81radiographicosteoarthritis,78rehabilitation,87,88surgicaltechniques,79tibiofemoralkinematics/jointcontactpressures,78vascularity,77Perivascularstromalcell(PSC),142Platelet-richplasma(PRP),87,140PLC.
SeePosterolateralcorner(PLC)Point-of-carebloodproducts,139–140Pollard'smethod,178Positivepredictivevalue(PPV),80Posteriorcruciateligament(PCL)tibialattachment,50Posterolateralcorner(PLC),113PPV.
SeePositivepredictivevalue(PPV)Presumedconsent,177PROMs.
SeePatient-reportedoutcomemeasures(PROMs)PRP.
SeePlatelet-richplasma(PRP)PSC.
SeePerivascularstromalcell(PSC)RRadialmeniscaltearsbiomechanics,101classification,93diagnosis,94–95incidence,94nonoperativetreatment,95–96outcomes,100–101partialmeniscectomy,96–97postoperativerehabilitationprotocol,100repairofall-insideradialrepairs,98–100arthroscopic,97inside-outmeniscalradialrepairtechnique,97–98verticalorientation,93Index198Ramplesion,63–66arthroscopicevaluation,67arthroscopictechniquestovisualise,67–69clinicalevaluation,66diagnose,66–67FasT-Fixdevice,70history,66inside-outrepair,69outcomeof,71–73pathogenesis,64–65post-operativerehabilitationprogrammes,70potentialconsequences,66prevalence,65radiologicalevaluation,66–67repairs,70–71riskofdevelopingosteoarthritis,66treatment,69–70Rangeofmotion(ROM),87,186,187RapidLocsystem,105Realignmentosteotomymeniscaldeficiency,120–121principles,119–120ROM.
SeeRangeofmotion(ROM)SScaffolds,meniscal,140–141Shearstiffness,11SMSCs.
SeeSynovial-derivedculturedmesenchymalstemcells(sMSCs)Stemcelltherapy,141–143Stressrelaxation,11Stromalvascularfraction(SVF),142Synovialabrasion,138–139Synovial-derivedculturedmesenchymalstemcells(sMSCs),143TTiefibres,10,12Totalkneearthroplasty(TKA),51Transtibialpullouttechnique,55Traumaticmeniscallesions,22UUltimatetensileload,12VVAS.
SeeVisualanalogscale(VAS)Vascularaccesschannels,138Vascularanatom,137–138Viscoelasticity,10–11Visualanalogscale(VAS),35,37,140,188WWesternOntarioandMcMasterUniversitiesOsteoarthritisIndex7(WOMAC),188WesternOntarioMeniscalEvaluationTool(WOMET)scores,37,38Wrisbergligament,6,7Index