assessmentsdmcl

AAbductionstresstesting,98Abrams,J.
S.
,175ACCR.
SeeAnatomicalcoracocalvicularligamentreconstructionACDs.
SeeArticularcartilagedefectsACI.
SeeAutologouschondrocyteimplantationACL.
SeeAnteriorcruciateligamentAcromioclavicular(AC)jointsurgeryathletes,261–262complicationsACCRtechnique,252–257augmentation,251–252coracoacromialligamenttransferandrepair,251distalclavicleresection,coracoclavicularligament,251–252degenerativepathologycomplications,258distalclavicleresection,257–259faileddistalclavicleresection,258,260distalclaviclefracture,261functionalanatomystaticanddynamicstabilizers,249verticalstability,250injurydiagnosisandpathophysiologyclassication,246–247imaging,247–249mechanism,246treatment,249nonoperativetreatment,250preoperative,251radiographicevaluation,247revision/reconstructionarthroscopic,260–261postoperativemanagement,261revisionrepair/reconstruction,260typeVseparation,248Ahlback,169Alhalki,M.
,30Alldredge,R.
,261Amendola,A.
,115AMG.
SeeAnteriormidglenoidAmis,A.
A.
,152Anatomicalcoracocalvicularligamentreconstruction(ACCR)techniqueclaviclebonetunnels,256graftinterferencescrewxation,256osteologicalanalysis,252–253closurecomplicationsandbailouts,256–257ofdeltotrapezialfascialaps,256complicationsandbailouts,253coracoid,bonetunnelpreparationcannulatedreamer,252complicationsandbailouts,254–255coracoidprocessgraftxationinterferencettechnique,255looptechnique,255–256effectincadavericmodel,252graftpreparationcomplicationsandbailouts,254coracoidprocessscrewxation,253–254Andrews,J.
,189Andrish,J.
,140–141Anteriorcruciateligament(ACL),3,11,14,16,20–21,25,34,97bucket-handlemeniscaltears,23intraoperativefactors,reconstructionanteriortibialtunnel,58–59anteromedialportal,59–60crosspinbreak,64devicesbreakages,62–63divergentxation,64–65droppedgraft,56–57femoralbackwall,60–61gastrocnemius,55–56graftamputation,55graftingtechnique,55graftpassage,61graft–tunnellengthmismatch,61–62kneehyperexion,59–60loosexation,63notouchtechnique,57–58PCLdamages,65–66push-pulldrilltechnique,59–60risks,grafthandling,58tibialfootprint,59tractionsuturesbreak,62–63trapezoidal-shapedgraft,56tunnelmalposition,57–59Index273274IndexAnteriorcruciateligament(ACL)(cont.
)postoperativefactors,reconstructionfemoraltunnelplacement,70fractures,67–69infection,66–67PLtibialtunnel,70–71scarring/keloidformation,69–71stiffness,66–68tensioningdevices,68tibialtunnelplacement,70widening,tibialtunnel,69reconstruction,23,27–28,31–33backuptibialxation,72–73complications,129description,53graftlooseningprevention,73patellaboneplugharvest,72preoperativefactors,53–54risk,functionalanatomy,54surgeries,130tibialslope,129–130tibialinsertion,27Anteriormidglenoid(AMG),210,213cannulaandcrochethook,199portalandcrochethook,200Anteriorsuperiorportal(ASP),196Anterolateral(AL)bundle,75–77,79–85Anteromedialrotatoryinstability(AMRI),97Arnoczky,S.
,2Arthrobrosis,165–172Arthroscopicbicepstenodesisanatomy,208description,207interferencescrewxation,216pain,clinicalsource,208SCOIsubpectoraltechniquenalxationandclosure,219–220humeraldrillingandtendonpassing,219identicationandrelease,217incisionandtendonpreparation,217–219proximaldrillhole,220repositioning,217inshoulderfunction,208softtissuesuturexationanteriorcannula,210glenohumeraljoint,209high-strengthbraidedsuture,211sutureanchorxationSCOI,212–216subacromial,211–212techniques,209tendons,208–209Arthroscopickneesurgeryarthrobrosisdiagnosisof,165exioncontractures,166ligamentreconstruction,165–166motionloss,inammationandsymptoms,167opentreatment,168165postoperativerehabilitationprotocols,168–169prevention,171riskfactors,166surgicalindications,167–168treatment,165,171–172varieties,166–167brokeninstrumentation,171osteonecrosisandarthroscopicmeniscectomy,169–170bonemarrowedemasyndrome,170stagingsystems,170portals,171postoperativeinfectionjointinfectionclassicsigns,169steriletechniqueandprophylacticantibiotics,169Arthroscopicrotatorcuffrepairadhesedexcavation,240–241compactionbonegrafting,241–242failure,239–240functionalanatomycoracoidprocess,226suprascapularnerve,226–227impactiongraftingtechnique,243intraoperativecomplicationsanchorpullout,232–233arthroscopicview,232cufftissue,236–237knottying,237–238outfoldings/dog-ears,237suture,234–236turbulencecontrol,233unloadinganchor,233–234visualization,231–232positioning,227–228postoperativecomplicationsinfection,238–239stiffness,238principles,228residualmetalanchors,241–242revision,240stepsbonybedpreparation,230repairconstructs,231rotatorcufftear,228suture-anchorinsertionandmanagement,230suturepassingandtyingknots,230–231tearmobilitydetermination,228–229Arthroscopicshouldersurgeryadhesivecapsulitiscapsularrelease,267capsulolabraltear,267complication,267–268MUAmaneuvers,266postoperativeadhesions,270–271types,265infectionserologicmarkers,268surgicalirrigationanddebridement,268nerveinjuriescadavershoulder,270distalholdingdevices,2715-o'clockportal,269Index275ArthroscopicsutureanchorxationSCOIanchorplacement,213–214bicepsreleaseand,215–216bicepstendonhitch,212–215rotatorintervalandbonepreparation,212subacromial,211–212Articularcartilagedefects(ACDs)rationalandsystematiccare,42treatmentplans,41Athwal,G.
,239Autologouschondrocyteimplantation(ACI),22,23factorsandtools,38keycomponents,46–47objectiveassessments,38partialdetachment,48procedure,43,46sandwichtechnique,47treatments,47–48Ayeni,O,53BBahk,M.
S.
,189,207Baker,J.
,252Barber-Westin,S.
,109Bearden,J.
,261Beck,P.
,149Bele,D.
,109Bellemans,J.
,135Bert,J.
,169BicepstendonhitchAMGcannula,214–215epiduralneedle,212–213Mehalikhitch,215SCCcannula,213Bishop,J.
,226Blazar,P.
,252Boneblocktechnique,31Bonemarrowedemasyndromepatternsandstages,170symptoms,170–171Boneplugtechnique,29–31Bosworth,B.
,251,258,261Brahme,S.
,170Brislin,K.
,225,238Brunelli,G.
,261Bugbee,W.
,46Bunnellstitch,5,6,85Burkhart,S.
,229Burks,R.
,183Burmestercurveligamentinsertions,96MCLattachment,96–97sMCL,97Burns,J.
P.
,207CCadenat,F.
,246CartilagerestorationsurgerycomplicationsACD,patientpreoperativeassessment,38–39ACI,46–48arthroscopicassessment,39chondropenia,39–41DVTandpulmonaryembolism,43–44marrowstimulationtechniques,44–45osteochondralallografttransplantation,45–46osteochondralautografttransplantation,45treatmentalgorithms,41–42description,37–38indexprocedure,48infections,43rehabilitation,42–43transfertechniques,48–49Caton–Deschampsmeasurementtechniques,134Chondropeniaseverityscore(CSS),40–41Chondropenicpathway,treatmentalgorithmsclinicalfailure,41femoralandtrochleardefects,41intraoperativecomplications,42Codman,E.
,250Cole,B.
,33Collateralligamentsurgery,kneeLCLinjuriesanatomyandbiomechanics,107–108examination,108graftbreaks,112postoperativecare,111treatments,109–111MCLinjuriesACLreconstruction,112anatomy,92–95biomechanics,95–96Burmestercurve,96–97classicationandexamination,97femoraloriginscrewandpostfail,111–112rstlineofdefensevs.
primaryrestraint,97gradeIIIvs.
ACLcombinedtreatment,100–101isolatedtears,treatment,99–100physicalexamination,98–99andPOLproximalavulsion,102surgicaltreatment,101–106verticaltear,102Y-shapedtear,102–103zigzaganddiagonaltears,103motionproblemsavoidance,111Colosimo,A.
,258Compression-rotationtest,192Concomitantinjuries,3Continuouspassivemotion(CPM),43,91,101Cooper,D.
,190Coracoclavicular(CC)ligament,249Corteen,D.
,250Cosgarea,A.
,135,159Cox,J.
,250CPM.
SeeContinuouspassivemotionCranktest,192CSS.
SeeChondropeniaseverityscoreCummins,C.
A.
,240Curl,W.
,37276IndexDDeepvenousthrombosis(DVT),43–44Dehaven,K.
,169DePalma,A.
,249Distalclavicularligaments,anatomy,247Distalfemoralosteotomy(DFO),116,120Dodds,J.
,167Dovetail/slottechniqueLMandMMtransplants,28–29press-t,25troughpreparation,28Dudich,6Dunn,H.
,251–252,260DVT.
SeeDeepvenousthrombosisDye,S.
,133,160EEager,M.
,135,159Electromyography(EMG),208Ellsasser,J.
,100Elman,M.
V.
,133Excessivelateralpressuresyndrome(ELPS),137FFanelli,G.
,75Farr,J.
,33,152FasT-x,6–7Fastxdevice,16Fischer,B.
,260Fithian,D.
,137,154Fithian'stechnique,154Franceschi,F.
,239Freedman,E.
,1668Frenchpediatricfeedingtube,82–83Frozenshoulder,265Fulkerson,J.
,134,140,155,160GGalatz,L.
,226Gardiner,J.
,95Grauthoff,V.
,258Gifn,J.
R.
,115Goble,E.
,33Godfreytest,77Golant,A.
,265Gollehon,D.
,107Gollwitzer,M.
,261Graftingtechnique,55Grood,E.
,95,107HHAGLlesions,186Halbrecht,J.
,144–145Harner,C.
D.
,30,75Hauserprocedure,148,150,155Hemarthrosis,138–139,145Henry,J.
,149Herrera,M.
,239,268Heterotopicossication,168Hightibialosteotomy(HTO)closingandopeningwedge,119–120infection,117reconstruction,129salvageoperation,117Howell,S.
,30HTO.
SeeHightibialosteotomyHughston,J.
,97–99,108,140Humanleukocyteantigen(HLA),38Hunter,W.
,37IIliotibialband(ITB),107Indelicato,P.
,100,101Inside-outmeniscalrepairtechniqueslateralapproach,12medialapproach,11Interferencettechnique,255InternationalCartilageRepairSociety(ICRS),38,39Intra-articularfracture,kneeosteotomiesHTO,123microsagittalsaw,122openingandclosingwedge,122–123JJarvinen,M.
,100Jay,G.
,261Jeon,I.
,268Johnson,D.
,53Johnston,J.
A.
,37–50Jones,R.
,19,100Judd,D.
,169Jumptest,140KKannus,P.
,100Kaplan-Meiersurvivalanalysis,22Kibler'santeriorslidetest,192Kim'sbicepsloadtests,192Kim,T.
,168Kalmmer,H.
,258Klimkiewicz,J.
J.
,20,252Kline,A.
,136Kolowichtest,138Koshino,170Kuroda,R.
,144Kurzweil,P.
R.
,1Kwon,Y.
W.
,239,265LLaPrade,R.
,102Larson,R.
,109Lateralcollateralligament(LCL)injuriesanatomyandbiomechanicskneelateralside,107–108tissueisometricbehavioranalysis,108examination,108Index277graftbreaks,112postoperativecare,111surgicaltreatmentachillestendonallograft,110acuteavulsions,109reconstructiontechnique,109–110LateralpatellarinstabilityCTtrackingstudy,143derotationalosteotomy,1424+lateralglide,141MPFLreconstruction,144Q-angleandTT-TG,141–142LeClere,L.
,245Lee,K.
,253Lee,S.
,253Lemos,M.
,257–258Loew,M.
,267Lo,I.
K.
Y.
,225,226Looptechnique,255–256Lotke,P.
,170MMagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)diagnostictechniques,38matrix-specic,39tools,38Mandelbaum,B.
R.
,37–50Manipulationunderanesthesia(MUA),266–267,269Mansat,P.
,225Mariani,E.
,208Marrowstimulationtechniqueschroniclesions,45intralesionalosteophyte,44–45mesenchymalstemcells,44Marshall,J.
,92Marti,C.
,116Marumoto,J.
,138Mayr,E.
,258Mazzocca,A.
A.
,245Mazzocca,D.
,245,252McFarland,E.
,238MDI.
SeeMultidirectionalinstabilityMechanoreceptors,2Medialcollateralligament(MCL)injuries,4,5,17,166capsuloligamentousstructures,92chronicinstabilitymediallaxity,106reconstruction,107classications,97femoraloriginscrewandpostfail,111–112gradeIIIvs.
ACLcombinedtreatment,100–101isolatedtearstreatmentgradeIandII,99gradeIIItears,99–100physicalexaminationgradeIandII,98gradeIII,98–99gradeIV,99sMCLstability,98andPOLproximalavulsion,102postoperativecare,106–107semimembranosuscorner,verticaltear,102sMCL,93–95surgicaltreatmentdMCLrepair,103–104generalprincipals,101–102gradeIV,102slocumtest,103–104sMCLinterstitialtear,104,106Y-shapedtear,102–103zigzaganddiagonaltears,103Medialpatellofemoralligament(MPFL),141–143,161arthroscopicreengHalbrechttechnique,144–145openreeng,145–146suturebreakage,145tissueadvancement,144openreenganteriorization,149–150bonegrafttechnique,150complications,146groovedeepeningprocedure,149openingwedgeosteotomy,148osteochondralfracture,147tugtest,146X-ray,147–148reconstructionbiotenodesis,152Fithian'stechnique,154overtensioning,151semitendinosisautograft,151–152softtissuerestrain,150twoincisions,153Meislin,R.
,165Mendez,K.
,91Meniscofemoralligaments(MFLs),76,80Meniscusrepaircomplex,17complications,14–15fastxdevice,16brinclot,16functionalanatomymicrovascular,2ultrastructureof,2–3indications,bucket-handlemedialmeniscus,3intraoperativedetailsdiagnosticarthroscopy,4enhancementagents,5xationdevices,5–10inside-outrepairtechniques,10–13outside-inrepairtechnique,13settingup,3–4sitepreparation,4–5postoperativepaincontrolprotocolandrehabilitation,14,16unstablebuckethandletears,16zone-speciccannulae,16–17inside-outrepairs,uidmanagement,17Meniscustransplantationallograft,34boneplugtechniqueMCLand,29–31notchplasty,30278IndexMeniscustransplantation(cont.
)clinicalresults,32–34complications,21functionalanatomyhorninsertion,20–21medialmeniscustransmission,21twotunneltechnique,20graftxationboneandaugmenting,31–32suturebalancing,31graftpassageandseating,29–31graftpreparationboneplugsand,26dovetailtechnique,27graft-specicconsiderationsmeniscaldimensions,25sizing,24intraoperativeconsiderationsarthroscopyandremnantmeniscectomy,25–26rimpreparation,26operativeinstrumentation,25postoperativeconsiderations,32preoperativeconsiderationspatient-specicfactors,22pitfalls,22–24revisionsurgery,32,33tunnelestablishmentanteriorandposterior,27–28dovetail/slottechnique,28–29Menschik,A.
,96MensicusMenderII,13MFLs.
SeeMeniscofemoralligamentsMilachowski,K.
,32Morgan,C.
,191–193MPFL.
SeeMedialpatellofemoralligamentMRI.
SeeMagneticresonanceimagingMuller,W.
,93,97,102,104,105Multidirectionalinstability(MDI),186Multiligamentousinjuries,165Mumford,E.
,251Muscolo,D.
,170Myositisossicans,168NNeault,M.
,258Neer,C.
,260Nevaiser,251Nguyen,T.
B.
,1Nicholson,G.
,258Notouchtechnique,57–58Noyes,F.
,33,88,109,110,165,167OO'Brien'stest,192,193Osteochondralallografttransplantationcomplications,46componentsof,45–46treatments,45Osteochondralautografttransplantation,45Osteotomies,kneecomplications,116APradiographs,117–119compartmentsyndrome,126xationfailure,127–128fracture–unstablehinge,120–122hardware,127,129HTOandACLreconstruction,129–131infection,126–127intra-articularfracture,122–123nerveinjury,126patellabaja,120sagittalslopealteration,123–125stiffness,129undercorrectionandovercorrection,117–120union/malunion,127vascularinjury,125–126description,115–117risk,functionalanatomy,117treatments,116PPagnani,M.
,190Paletta,G.
,30–31Panossian,V.
,190Partialthicknessarticularsidedrepairs(PASTA),242Patellasurgeryanteriorkneepain,133–134arthroscopicmedialreeng,144–146Caton–Deschampsmeasurementtechniques,134functionalanatomydrilling,137tubercleosteotomies,136intraoperativecomplicationscoldtherapy,139hemarthrosis,138ligamentreconstruction,141medialpatellarsubluxation,140saberdevice,139tendongraft,140vastuslateralis,138–139lateralpatellarinstability,141–144lateralretinacularreleasecontraindications,137–138ELPSand,137limitedvs.
extensivefashion,138recurrentpatellarinstability,137X-rayandKolowichtest,138MRIvs.
CT,161openreeng,146–150patellofemoraljoint,133proximalpatellarrealignments,144revisionsurgery,160–161synovectomy,161–162tibialtubercleosteotomyanteriorizationandmedialization,1552drillbittechnique,158free-handosteotomy,157postoperativecomplication,158–160Index279Q-angle,156trackerguide,156–157trochleardysplasia,135TT–TGdistancemeasurement,136weight-bearing,135Paulos,L.
,91,166,167PCL.
SeePosteriorcruciateligamentPennington,W.
,260Petersson,C.
,249Pinch-tucktechnique,6Pitman,M.
,269Pizzo,D.
,166Platelet-RichFibrinMatrix(PRFM),5,6Platelet-richplasma(PRP),5Pohl,A.
,228POL.
SeePosteriorobliqueligamentPopliteobularligament(PFL),107Posteriorcruciateligament(PCL)reconstructionALandPMbundle,76ALtibialtunnel,80anesthesia,76arthroscopicdebridement,80curetteandrasp,81diagnosticarthroscopycompartmentsyndrome,78meniscalinjuries,79tibialorigin,debridement,79drilling/reaming,83uoroscopyALguidewireandtunnel,82intraoperative,81graftpassageandxationbolsterplacement,84–85tibialisanteriorallograftandmetalskid,84ticronsuture,83graftselectionandxationallograftvs.
autograft,85autograft,84injuries,75intraoperativecomplicationsprevention,85–86recognizinganddealing,86–87patientpositioning,78postoperativecomplications,87–88immediatecare,89preoperativeevaluationexternalrotationtest,77surgicalsitemarking,76revisionsurgery,88–89surfaceanatomyandskinmarking,77–78Posteriorobliqueligament(POL)attachmentsites,93andcapsuledetachment,100functions,95andMCLprimaryrepair,101–102proximalavulsion,102origination,92andSMCL,94valgusstress,98Posteriorsagtest,77Posterolateralrotatoryinstability(PLRI),109Price,M.
,226Prophylacticpreoperativeantibiotics,3Provencher,M.
T.
,245Prues-Latour,V.
,170Push-pulldrilltechnique,59–60RRamappa,A.
,155Rapid-Locsystemadvantage,7needleinsertion,9Ricchetti,E.
,137Rockwood,C.
,246Rodosky,M.
,190Romeo,A.
A.
,245Rudzki,J.
R.
,19Ryu,R.
,33SSalter,E.
,249Sanchis-Alfonso,V.
,134,139Santori,N.
,170Schepsis,A.
A.
,133Schottle'spoint,152Schweitzer,M.
,170SCOIrepairtechniquebicepstendon,196singleanchorwithdoublesutureanchorplacement,197–198closure,201labrumxation,199–201labrum,glenoidandcystdecompression,197portalsestablishment,196suturemanagement,199SCOIsubpectoraltechniquearthroscopicidenticationandrelease,217nalxationandclosure,219–220humeraldrillingandtendonpassing,219incisionandtendonpreparationbicepstendon,218pectoralismajormuscle,217–218repositioning,217Scoop,J.
M.
,37–50Segmuller,H.
,269Seroyer,S.
T.
,75Setteceri,239Shaffer,B.
,19Shaikh,N.
,171Shapiro,M.
,166Shelbourne,K.
,166Shoulderlabralrepairarthroscopicrevisionsurgerybone-graftingprocedure,184–185glenoidpreparation,185complicationtechniquesarthroscopyvs.
openrepair,178Hill-Sachslesion,177280IndexShoulderlabralrepair(cont.
)load-and-shiftexam,178–179patientpositioning,177–178sutureanchors,178description,175–176intraoperativecomplicationsanteriorfovea,180Bankartlesion,179bonegraft,183capsularmobilization,179–180chondralinjuries,181diagnosticarthroscopy,179glenoidrimfractures,181Hill-Sachslesion,179–180inferiorcapsularrepair,179–180knot-tying,182metallicglenoidanchor,181opensurgicalrepairs,182sutureanchors,180–181sutureproblems,181–182postoperativecomplicationsanchorinsertionandloosening,183chondrolysis,183glenohumeraljoints,184risk,functionalanatomy,176–177surgicalprocedures,176ShoulderRescuePlugsystem,202Shouldersuperiorlabrum(SLAP)repairbiomechanicsarthroscopic,190–191bicepsandglenoid-labralanchor,190classication,191–192diagnosisphysical,192–193traumaticorigin,192xationtechniques,195–196functionalanatomybicepsandglenoidvariation,190sublabralrecess,189–190imagingBufordcomplexandMRIcoronal,195ganglionandspinoglenoidcysts,194MRI,193pathologicalsignal,193–194typeIIISLAPlesion,194typeIISLAPlesion,193immobilization,201intraoperativecomplicationsandrevisionsurgeryanchors,axillaryradiograph,201–202arthroscopicgrasper,202lesiontypes,191postoperativeconsiderationsandrehabilitation,203SCOIrepairtechniquebicepstendon,196singleanchorwithdoublesuture,196–201singleportal,202tear,arthroscopicdiagnosis,194typeIIIandIVswithbuckethandlecomponent.
,202–203typeIIlesions,194–195Shouldertractionandrotation(STaR),217Shuttlerelaysuturepasser,199Sidles,J.
,107Slocum,D.
,101,103Slocumtest,101,103Smith,M.
,258Snyder,S.
J.
,189,191,192,207Spalteholztechnique,2Speed'stest,192,193Spielmann,A.
,240Staphylococcussp.
,169STaR.
SeeShouldertractionandrotationSteiner,T.
,147Stetson,W.
,135,159Stewart,M.
,258Stone,K.
,22,25Strauss,E.
J.
,165Streptococcussp.
,169Supercialmedialcollateralligament(SMCL),94TTeitge,R.
,140,142,161Tolo,E.
,257–258Tossy,J.
,246Totalkneearthroplasty(TKA),116Trantalis,J.
,225Tsou,P.
,258Tugtest,146Twotunneltechnique,20VVasconcellos,D.
A.
,115Vascularsynovialtissue,2Verdonk,P.
,33WWarren,L.
,92Warren,R.
,2Weaver-Dunnprocedure,252Weaver,J.
,251–252,260Weber,S.
,225Westerheide,K.
,194White,L.
,170Witonski,134Wolf,E.
,260ZZimmer,S.
,133