Szalonnalavalava

AppendixA:LandscapeUnitsofHungaryMacro-regionMeso-regionGroupofmicro-regionsMicro-regionGreatHungarianPlainDanubePlainPestPlain1.
Vác-PestDanubeValley2.
PestalluvialplainCsepel-MohácsPlain3.
CsepelPlain4.
Soltplain5.
KalocsaiSárkz6.
Tolnai-Sárkz7.
MohácsIsland8.
TerracedPlainofMohácsDanube-TiszaInteruve9.
Gerje-PerjePlain10.
Pilis-AlpárSandRidge11.
KiskunságSandRidge12.
BugacSandRidge13.
Dorozsma-MajsaSandRidge14.
KiskunságLoessRidgeBácskaPlain15.
Illancs16.
BácskaLoessPlainMezfldNorthMezfld17.
rd-ErcsRidge18.
Váli-vízPlainDanube-SárvízInteruve19.
CentralMezfld20.
VelenceBasin21.
Sárrét22.
SárvízValley23.
SouthMezfldWestMezfld24.
EnyingRidge25.
Kálóz-IgarLoessRidges26.
SióValleySpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2017G.
Mezsi,ThePhysicalGeographyofHungary,GeographyofthePhysicalEnvironment,DOI10.
1007/978-3-319-45183-1315DrávaAlluvialPlain27.
DrávaPlain28.
Fekete-vízPlain29.
Nyárád-HarkányPlainUpperTiszaRegion30.
BeregPlain31.
SzatmárPlain32.
Bodrogkz33.
RétkzMiddleTiszaRegionFloodplainofMiddleTisza34.
Taktakz35.
BorsodFloodplain36.
HevesFloodplain37.
SzolnokFloodplain38.
JászságNagykunság39.
Tiszafüred-KunhegyesPlain40.
Szolnok-TúrPlain41.
Tiszazug42.
HortobágyLowerTiszaRegion43.
Marosszg44.
SouthTiszaValleyNorthernAlluvialFansTápió-Galga-ZagyvaRegion45.
HatvanPlain46.
TápióRegionGyngys-HevesRegion47.
GyngysPlain48.
HevesPlainBorsod-ZemplénPlain49.
Borsodi-Mezség50.
Sajó-HernádPlain51.
HarangodNyírségSandRegionofNyírség52.
CentralNyírség53.
North-EasternNyírség54.
South-EasternNyírség55.
SouthNyírség56.
WestorLoessNyírségHajdúság57.
Hajdúhát58.
SouthHajdúságBerettyó-KrsRegionBerettyóRegion59.
DévaványaPlain60.
Nagy-Sárrét61.
Berettyó-KállóInteruve62.
rmellékLoessRidgeKrsRegion63.
BiharPlain64.
Kis-Sárrét65.
KrsPlain316AppendixA:LandscapeUnitsofHungaryKrs-MaroskzeBékés-CsanádRidge66.
CsanádRidge67.
BékésRidgeBékés-CsongrádPlain68.
BékésPlain69.
CsongrádPlain70.
KrsszgLittleHungarianPlainGyrBasinSzigetkz-MosonPlain71.
Szigetkz72.
MosonPlainFert-HanságBasin73.
FertBasin74.
HanságRábakz75.
KapuvárPlain76.
CsornaPlainMarcalBasin77.
MarcalValley78.
Kemenesalja79.
Pápa-DevecserPlainKomárom-EsztergomPlain80.
Gyr-TataTerraceSystem81.
Igmánd-KisbérBasin82.
Almás-TátDanubeValleyWestHungarianBorderRegion(FoothillsoftheAlps)LowerAlpsSopronMountains83.
SopronMountains84.
FertmellékHills85.
SopronBasinKszeg-VasMountains86.
KszegMountains87.
MountVasandKszegFoothills88.
PinkaPlainUpper-rség-VasRidge89.
Upper-rség90.
VasRidgeSopron-VasPlain91.
IkvaPlain92.
RépcePlain93.
GyngysPlain94.
RábaTerracedPlain95.
RábaValleyKemeneshát96.
LowerKemeneshát97.
UpperKemeneshátZalaHillsWesternZalaHills98.
UpperZalaValley99.
KerkaRegion(Hetés)100.
CentralZalaHills(Gcsej)EasternZalaHills101.
Egerszeg-LetenyeHills102.
PrincipálisValley103.
ZalaapátiRidge104.
LowerZalaValley105.
ZalaváriRidgeAppendixA:LandscapeUnitsofHungary317MuraPlain106.
MuraPlain(leftside)TransdanubianHillsBalatonBasin107.
Kis-BalatonBasin108.
Nagyberek109.
SomogyPlain110.
Balaton111.
RiviéraofBalaton112.
TapolcaBasin113.
RiviéraofKeszthelyOuterSomogy114.
WesternOuterSomogy115.
EasternOuterSomogy116.
SouthernOuterSomogyInnerSomogy117.
MarcaliRidge118.
EasternInnerSomogy119.
WesternInnerSomogy120.
CentralDrávaValleyMecsekandTolna-BaranyaHillsMecsekRegion121.
MecsekMountains122.
BaranyaRidgeTolnaHills123.
Vlgység124.
TolnaRidge125.
SzekszárdHillsBaranyaHills126.
PécsPlain127.
GeresdHills128.
VillányMountain129.
SouthBaranyaHillsZselic130.
NorthZselic131.
SouthZselicTransdanubianMountainsBakonyRegionKeszthelyMountains132.
TátikaGroup133.
KeszthelyPlateauBalatonUplands134.
Badacsony-GulácsGroup135.
BalatonUplandsandBasins136.
VilonyaMountainsSouthBakony137.
Veszprém-NagyvázsonyBasin138.
Kab-hegy-Agár-tetGroup139.
Sümeg-TapolcaRidge140.
Devecseri-BakonyaljaNorthBakony141.
HighBakony142.
BakonyBasins143.
EastBakony144.
Veszprém-DevecserGraben318AppendixA:LandscapeUnitsofHungaryBakonyalja145.
Pápai-Bakonyalja146.
PannonhalmaHills147.
Súri-BakonyaljaVértes-VelenceMountainsVértesaljaHills148.
Bársonyos149.
ltal-érValley150.
MórGrabenVértesMountains151.
VértesPlateau152.
VértesFoothills153.
GántBasinVelenceMountainanditssurroundings154.
ZámolyBasin155.
SrédRidge156.
LovasberényRidge157.
VelenceMountainDunazugMountainsGerecseRegion158.
WestGerecse159.
CentralGerecse160.
EastGerecse161.
GerecseBasinsBicske-ZsámbékBasin162.
EtyekHills163.
ZsámbékBasinBudaMountains164.
BudaMountains165.
TétényPlateau166.
BudarsandBudakesziBasinsPilisMountains167.
PilisMountains168.
PilisBasinsNorthHungarianMountainsVisegrádMountains169.
DanubeBend170.
VisegrádMountainsBrzsnyMountains171.
CentralBrzsny172.
BrzsnyBasins173.
BrzsnyOuterMountainsCserhátRegionWestCserhát174.
KosdHills175.
Nézsa-CsvárHillsEastCserhát176.
CentralCserhát177.
GalgaValley178.
EcskendHills179.
CserhátaljaNorthCserhát180.
TerényHills181.
SzécsényHillsKarancsság182.
Karancs183.
Litke-EtesHillsGdll-MonorHills184.
GdllHills185.
Monor-IrsaHillsAppendixA:LandscapeUnitsofHungary319MátraRegionCentralMátra186.
HighMátra187.
WestMátra188.
SouthMátraFoothillsoftheMátra(Mátraalja)189.
EastMátraalja190.
WestMátraalja191.
Mátralába192.
Parád-RecskBasinBükkRegionCentralBükk193.
BükkPlateau194.
NorthBükk195.
SouthBükkSouthernFoothillsoftheBükk(Bükkalja)196.
TárkányBasin197.
Egri-Bükkalja198.
Miskolci-BükkaljaNorthernFoothillsoftheBükk(Bükklába)199.
TardonaHills200.
UpponyHillsAggtelek-RudabányaMountainsAggtelekKarst201.
AggtelekMountains202.
Alsó-hegyRudabányai-SzalonnaMountains203.
RudabányaMountains204.
SzalonnaMountains205.
BódvaValley206.
TornaHillsTokaj-ZemplénMountainRegionZemplénMountains207.
CentralZemplén208.
Abaúji-HegyaljaFoothillsofTokaj-Hegyalja209.
MountTokaj210.
SzerencsHills211.
HegyaljaHegykz212.
HegykzHills213.
VitányBlocksNorthHungarianBasinsIpolyValleyandNógrádBasin214.
LowerIpolyValley215.
CentralIpolyValley216.
NógrádBasinUpperZagyva-TarnaHills217.
ZagyvaValley218.
MedvesRegion219.
UpperTarnaHills220.
TarnaValleyGmr-HevesHills221.
zd-EgercsehiBasin222.
PétervásárHillsBorsodBasin223.
SajóValley224.
PutnokHills320AppendixA:LandscapeUnitsofHungaryCserehát225.
SzendrMountains226.
RakacaBasin227.
EastCserehát228.
WestCserehátHernádValleyBasin229.
HernádValley230.
SzerencskzAppendixA:LandscapeUnitsofHungary321AppendixB:TheLandscapeTypesofHungaryThefourteenlandscapetypeslistedintheNationalAtlasofHungary(MNA)canbeclas-siedintofourlargergroups(MNA1989).
I.
Moderatelycontinental,plainlandscapesutilizedmostlybyagriculture1.
Floodplainwithhighgroundwaterlevelandhydromorphicsoils,culturalsteppe2.
Floodplainmostlywithmediumgroundwaterlevelandmeadow-steppesoils,culturalsteppe3.
Loessplaininabasinwithsteppesoil,cul-turalsteppe4.
Blownsandonalluvialplain,culturalsteppewithanorchard-vineyardforestmosaic,mediumandlowgroundwaterlevel5.
Culturalsteppeofanalluvialplaininbasinmargin,withadensewaternetworkandmosaic-liketurkeyoakforestremains,withsteppeandforestsoilsEighteensubtypeswithintheabove-mentionedvemainplainlandscapetypesaredistinguishedonthebasisofthedifferencesinwaterhousehold,soiltypesandrelief.
II.
Erosionalhillspredominantlywithagriculturalandsylvicultural,andlocallywithanindustrialcharacter6.
Foothillsurfacesandhillssegmentedbyerosionalandderasionalvalleys,culturalsteppewithamosaicoforchard-vineyard-turkeyoakforestandlowgroundwaterlevel(undermoderatelywarmanddrysubmediterraneanclimaticinuenceintheTransdanubianHills,undermoderatelycoolanddrysubcontinentalclimaticinu-enceintheNorthHungarianMountains).
7.
Independenthillssegmentedbyerosionalandderasionalvalleys,culturalsteppewithvine-yardsandlargermixedforestremains,mostlywithlowgroundwaterlevel(thedifferentclimaticinuencesdependonthesituationwithintheCarpathianBasin:moderatelywarmandmoderatelydrysubmediterranean,moderatelywarmandmoderatelyhumidsubatlanticandsubalpine).
8.
Smallerbasinsandhillsenclosedbymoun-tains,culturalsteppewithturkeyoak-oakforestremainsandlowgroundwaterlevel(thedifferentclimaticinuences—subcontinentalandsubatlantic—dependonthelocationwithintheCarpathianBasin).
SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2017G.
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1007/978-3-319-45183-1323Thefourteenhillylandscapetypesaredistin-guishedonthebasisoftheirclimaticfeatures,soil-formingrock,soilsandsegmentationbyvalleys.
III.
Mountains,forestedlandscapetypes9.
Lowmountains,prevalenceofthesubconti-nentalclimaticinuence,turkeyoak(andhornbeam)forests(lowerthan650masl).
10.
Lowmountains,presenceofsubatlanticandsubmediterraneanclimaticinuences,turkeyoakandhornbeamforests.
11.
Lowmountainswithforestsmainlyundersubatlanticclimaticinuence.
12.
Coolerandmorehumidbeech-forestedlandscapetypeinmountainsinNorthHungaryNinefurthersubtypesaredistinguishedwithinthemountain,forestedlandscapetypes,mainlyonthebasisofdominantrocktypeandsoilconditions.
IV.
Specificlandscapetypes13.
Largevalleyswithinahillyormountainouslandscape14.
LacustrinelandscapeorlandscapeoflakesurroundingsReferenceMNA(1989)MagyarországNemzetiAtlasza.
Cartho-graphia,Budapest324AppendixB:TheLandscapeTypesofHungaryIndexAAbandonedmeander/cut-offmeander,ox-bowlake,133,235Abrasion,22,28,54,257,262,273,274,276Aerosol,113Aestheticfunction,291Agár-tet,261Aggtelek,10,13,73,79,80,157,284,287,301,309AggtelekKarst,157Aggtelek-RudabányaMountains,301Airmass,102,107,131,286Aleurite,10,27Alginite,27,35Algy,31,211,218Allerd,87,88Alluvialfan,42–44,46–50,63–65,67,88,126,130,145,148,159,198,199,203–205,208,209,231,233,235,236,238,239,246,247,270,273,274,306,307Alsó-hegy,61Alsótelekes,7,302ltal-ér/ltalBrook,54,238,258,262Anastomosingchannelpattern,43,129,130Andesitetuff,288Anhydrateoccurrence,302AnnaWell(Szeged),104,105,124,132,133,135,161,218,223Areasofsubsidence,296Artesianwater,149,151–153,155,161,215Artesianwell,155Articiallevee,206,218,219,222,223,227,237Azoresmaximum,102BBabásszerk,275BácskaLoessPlain,196,199BácskaPlain,45,166,199,202Badacsony,35,73Badacsony–GulácsGroup,257,259BagTephra,60,61Bakony,5,16,33,79,134,238,249,258,259,261,283Bakonybasins,257BakonyMountains,238Balaton,35,93,136,137,139,141,177,259,273,274,278–280Balatonalmádi,8BalatonBasin,251,259,273BalatonUplands,76,137,259BalatonUplandsNationalPark,264Balblock,246BaltavárFauna,232BaranyaHills,274–276Baranyai-Hegyhát,275Bársonyos,319Basaharc,59–61Basaltcone,305Bátaapáti,10Bátorligetswamp,204Bauxite,13,16,19,256,264,265,275,277,291Béda,277Beddingplane,70Beehivestones,301Béga,47,50,204Békés-CsanádRidge,316Benddevelopment,128,129BeregPlain,46,92,209Beremend,275Berettyó,46,93,206,210BerettyóRegion,316Berettyó-KállóInteruve,316Berettyó-KrsRegion,50,168,169Berg'stheoryonloessformation,58Bicske–ZsámbékBasin,319BiharPlain,316Biomass,211,277,278Bioproduction,279Biospherereserve,212Block,70,72,78,135,204,246,261,276,294,301planatedsurface,256,261planation,261,300Blockeld,70,179,259,260,294,296Blownsand,38,50,56,59,63,64,66,68,74,88,92,170,176,199,200,202,203,206,208,209,214,272,273,292blowout,64,67,68,204deation,65,172,251hummock,64,65,67,68,200,202,206SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2017G.
Mezsi,ThePhysicalGeographyofHungary,GeographyofthePhysicalEnvironment,DOI10.
1007/978-3-319-45183-1325parabolicdune,64,67,204,274residualridge,64,67sandsheet,64,201,202Bodrog,46,51,92,93,206,209,286Bodrogkz,46,64,92,209Bódva,302,307BódvaValley,307Bogács,158,301Blling,88BorealPhase,88,94,170,179,199BorsodBasin,303BorsodFloodplain,310Brzsny,22,24,25,43,287,288,291Bs–Gabíkovo,240Brennberg,21,244Browncoal,16,17,244,263,276,308BruckGate,42,233Budafa,251BudaMarl,19,294BudaMountains,262Budapest,16,20,103,124,131,133,159Bugac,67,202BükkMountains,284BükkPlateau,299BükkRegion,284,299Bükkábrány,31,308Bükkalja/FoothillsoftheBükk,298,301Bükklába/BükkFoothills,298,301Bükkszék,20Bükkzsérc,107Burgenland,35Butte,35,38,41,207,238,258,259,273CCaldera,25,26,70,285,286,288,289,291,292,294CarpathianBasin,3–7,10,15,19,23,27,29,36,40–43,45,48,51,54,58,59,70,73,74,86–90,93,101,103,108,111,117,121,122,130,137,145,147,148,152,154,156,158–160,165,166,170,175,176,179,180,182,190,191,199,204,206,210,217,232,234,257,286CarpathianMountains,15,17,25,209CastleHillofBuda,263CastleofSomosk,304CaveAbaligetCave,275AnnaCave,301BaradlaCave,77,81,302,309BékeCave,81Ferenc-hegyiCave,83,263István-lápaiCave,81József-hegyiCave,159Mátyás-hegyiCave,263SátorkpusztaCave,83Sinkholecave,80,136SinkholecaveofPénz-patak,301Suba-LyukCave,84SzeletaCave,84CentralBükk,300Channelpattern,43,128–130Chernozem,59,61,88,166,168,170,196,199,204,206,246,258,287Chestnutbrownsoil,60Chronologicaldivision,17,22,60,89Climatechange,19,29,36,53,88–90,109,116–118,141,161,218,227Climatedeterioration,52,89,117ConcóBrook,238Conekarst,13,17,256,298Coral,19,24,27,234,289Corrasion,70Corrosion,68,78,79,82Crackwater,149,156Crater,35,286,288,296Cretaceous,6,10,13,15,16,54,74,81,244,247,256,259,261,264,275,300,301Croatian-SlavonianLake,41,43Cro-Magnonman,84Cryogenic(formandprocess)blockeld,70,71,179,259,260,294,296blockstream,70–72cryopediment,72cryoplanation,70,72,75cryoturbation,56,71,72,74,75,208,235Csallókz,235CsanádRidge,316,317Császártltés,207,208Császár-víz,142,144,258CsatkaFormation,20CsepelIsland,63,126CsepelPlain,207Cserehát,286,303,307CserhátRegion,76,292EastCserhát,291,293NorthCserhát,292WestCserhát,291Csévharaszt,199CseviceSpring,294CsikiHillsCsikóvárLake,135Csobánc,259Csódi-hegy(Dunabogdány),288Csólyospálos,202Csongrád,220Csongrádplain,317Csóványos,289Csvári-hegy,291Cuhai-BakonyBrook,238Culturalsteppe,192,214,273DDachsteinLimestone,12Dam/levee,218,225Danube,92,93,122,128,130–132,141,145,151,159,168,176,201,206,207,212,216,217,223,326Index233–235,238,240,245,247,249,258,272,278,286,288,292channel,92,93,128,130,204,207,210,215,219,222,225,235,240,246Danubianterraces,53,55LittleDanube,235MosonDanube,130,235OldDanube,48,235Paleo-Danube,274Vác-PestDanubeValley,315DanubeBend,39,42,51,54,55,126,131,191Danube-SárvízInteruve,206,258Danube-TiszaInteruve,8,207,214–216DarnóLine,303DarvastóMine,15Debris,48,63,70–72,80,135,141,170,276,296,305debriscone,48,70,261debriscover,71debrisslope,71Deation,41,68,135,140,202,215Deationat,64,65Deationofsand,65,182,199Deforestation,160,179,219,280Delta,238Deltagravel,54Dendricwaternetwork,288Dendrology,8,88,117Denudation,19,20,78Derasion,56,58,62,72,204,206,247,274,275,306Derasionalvalley,71,274Desert,29,33,141,233,251,271Déva,47Dévaványa,38Dévaványaplain,316Devecseri-Bakonyalja,318DevínGate,42Dinnyés-KajtorChannel,142DiósjenLine,288Dobogók,286Dogger,13Doline,17,61,77–79,136,284,299,300plateaudoline,79,302rowdoline,302Dolineseries,79Dorog,16,262DorogBasin,17Dorozsma-MajsaSandRidge,315Dráva,131,208,214,251,270,276,277,280CentralDrávaValley,37Drávaplain,191,196,214Drávazug,14Dredging,128,222,224Drinkingwaterreserve,240Dripstone,80,84,303,310Drought,105,106,160,214,227Dryas,87–89Dryvalley,80,299Dunaalmás,35,55,157,262Dunafldvár,131,206DunafldvárFormation,59reg-hegyatDunafldvár,61Dunakiliti,241Dunakmld,59Dunaszekcs,131,206Dunaújváros,59,61DunazugMountains,262Dune,63,64,66,191,202,204,207Dyke,259,285EEbenfurtGate,40,42EcsedMarsh,239Eger,158,159,287,301Elluvium,71Elster,36Environmentalconict,134,135,161,215,238,240,251,252,264,278,310Environmentalhazard,61,116,240,264,307Environmentalvalue,48,211,212EnyingRidge,315Eocene,5,13,15,16,19,26,73,81,196,256,261–263,275,294,300Ercsi,131,204,205Erdbénye,297rmellék,46,206Erosion,207,209,238,249,251,258,262,271,275,288,294,300,301erosional-derasionalvalley,56linearerosion,19,88Eruptive,4,23Esztramos,77,81Etna,24,294Ezüst-hegy,47FFacies,6,60,74,77FátyolWaterfall,301,309Faultline,26,134,243,244,246,251,293FaunaComplex,87Fehér-KrsRiver,50Fekete-víz,288Felspetény,308Fenyf,264Fert-HanságBasin,168,234FertHills,247Flood,118,124,131,132,160,206,208,215,217–220,222,223,227,297Floodhazard,132,161,217,218,242Floodplain,23,51,52,55,63,127,144,196,200,206,207,209,214,219,234,278Floodplainformation,53Floodprotection,218,222,249Floodwave,131,133,218,223Floristicprovince,176Fluvialterrace,39,233,238,257Fluvio-lacustrinesystem,33,42Index327Flysch,5,10,16Foehn,197Foothillsurface/pediment,54,301Foothillsurface/pediment,261Forestsoil,60,166,167,169,178,203,206,250,258,272,287Formassemblage,64,70,74Frost(forms,process),68frostpocket,71,72,75frostvariability,13,107,109frostwedge,70–72,74,75groundfrost,72Frostwedge,70–72,74,75,208Fülpháza,64,67,202GGalerius'slock,279GalgaValley,206,286,291GántBasin,261Garadna,158,299Garam,43GellértHill,126Gemenc,128,207,277Geographicallandscape,189Geosynclinal,4Geothermal,156,211Gerecse,39,55,83,238,256GerecseBasins,262GerecseRegion,262Gerence,258,259GeresdHills,269,276Geyser,10,238,259,260,273Glacial,51,54,58,64,84,86,88,90,94,133,139,142,176,201Globalradiation,103Gcsej,251GdllHills,33,199,283Gdll-MonorHills,292Gmr-HevesHills,303Gmr-SzepesOreMountains,301Gny,126,236Graben/basinBaja-KalocsaGraben,39,43,44,207Bodrogkz,46,63,64,88,92,142,209,210Fels-Kapos–KalocsaGraben,270,273,274SouthTiszaValleyGraben,38,44,47,204Gravelorsandbar,7,20,47,74,129,136,146,149,159,199,204,207,247,259,280GreaterPlateauoftheBükk,300GreatHungarianplain,9,10,37,46,87,95,104,107,149,153,172,190,195,196,198,201,210,212,215,301kiskunság,49,64,65,176,199,201,202,207,214Nagykunság,166,209,214SouthGreatHungarianPlain,22,264Tiszántúl,198Groundwater,56,118,149,151,152,155,161,166,168,172,182,202,204,215,216,240Groundwater-level,215,216,227Groynes,128,237GyrBasin,33,40,42,44,231,234,235,238,245,249Günz,36GyngysPlain,316Gyngysoroszi,26,308Gyr,33,51,128,129,236GyrBasin,33,40,42,44,231,234,235,238,245,249Gyr-TataTerraces,236,237,317HHajdúhát,196,199,203,206Hajdúság,93,206Hajdúszoboszló,212Haláp,257,259Halimba,264Hanság,145,146,168,235,239,248Haragistya,301Harangod,316Harghita,285Harkány,159,275Heatux,5Heatstress,113,115Hegyeshalom,238Hegyest,35,259Hegykz,320HegykzHills,320Hernád,51,93,159,206,303,307Hetés,245Hidas,27,276Hódmezvásárhely,155,204Holocene,39,50,168,196,199,204,206,235,263HórValley,84,300,301Horst,19,246,255,257–259,261–263,275,276,285,291,293,298,302HortobágyBrook,210Hosszúhegy,263Huta,300Hydraulic(system,connection),153,154,161Hydroaerolite,58HydroelectricpowerplantatIkervár,249Hydrophilecommunities,182,227,234Hydrothermaldyke,17,26,275,294,296,308Hyleotroph,84IIceage,58,117,132,141,170,201,278,289Igmánd-KisbérBasin,238Iharkút,13Ikva,43,145,146,246–248Illancs,203Inltration,122,149,151,153,154,157,161,215,240,266,299Infusionalloess,58,59Inlandexcesswater,122,161,166,202,216InnerSomogy,63–66,170,192,272,274328IndexInterglacial,53,54,58,61,70,72,81,84,86–89,129,176,235,294Interstadial,84,86–88Ipolytarnóc,21,24IpolyValleyAncientIpoly,305CentralIpolyValley,303,306LowerIpolyValley,320rott-k,245,247IslandofMohács,126Istállós-k/IstállósRock,300JJaba,274Jakab-hegy,275Jászladány,38Jászság,33,41,42,46,189,294Jurassic,5,6,10,12,13,15,73,247,275,277,298,300,301KKab-hegy,318Kakukk-hegy,285KalocsaiSárkz,315Karancs,292Karancsság,305Karcsa,93,209Karstdoline,80karr,80karrenfeld,257,300karsthollow,79,300karstspring,56,157–159,258,259,263,264,272,287,300,302karstwater,25,73,77,80,81,84,134,142,144,149,155karstwater,157–159,161,301,310LakeVrs(Aggtelek),136palaeo-karst,74,81paleo-karst,14,256,275ponor,80,83,136,262sinkhole,80,300,302KazárRhyoliteTuff,304Kecel,207Kékestet,113,114,286,292Kemenesalja,43Kemeneshát,43,170,234,245,248–250KerkaRegion,246Keser-hegy,288,291KeszthelyBay,279KeszthelyMountains,134Kígyós-ér,203Kincsesbánya,264Kis-Balaton,41,137,272–274,279KiscellClay,20,21Kisigmánd,237Kiskhátshaftcave,300Kis-Koppány,274Kiskre,126Kiskunhalas,104,217Kiskunság,49,64,65,176,199,201–203,207,212,214Kis-Sárrét,211Kissomlyó,234Kistarcsa,75Komárom-EsztergomPlain,231,235,236,238Komló,15,276Kpite,35,238KoppányValley,274KrsBasin,33,38,45,47,51,91,203,204,209,210KrsRegion,50,168,169,196,210,214Krs-MarosInteruve,48,58,166,171,196,199,204,205,210Krsszg,317Kszeg,33,68,113,243,245,247,248,252KszegMountains,246Kvágószls,10Kraszna,45,93Kurca,45,93LLaborc,46,203Lagoon,6,8,12,21,27Lahóca-hegy,17Lake,28–30,80,280InnerLake(ofTihany),47LakeArló,135,309LakeBaláta,272,278LakeBalaton,6,39,273,274,278,280LakeFert,135,136,145–147,239LakeHévíz,134,158,159,265LakeKolon,207,213LakeSzelidi,133,207LakeVelence,7,8,142,143,270LakeVrs,79,136LakeCaveofTapolca,83,265LakeOrf,272Landscape,11,65,90,183,185,189,190,192,196,206,209,210,212,215,231,236,238,240,243,245,247,251,256,259,262,264,273,274,277,280,284,287,292,299,302,307Landscapeformingfactors,190–192,199Landscapegeography,40,189,295Landscapestructure,191,264Landslide,25,61,107,135,206,288Land-use,64,161,214,215,235,259,274LascauxOptimum,87Laskó,206Latorca,46,203Lavalavacover,297lavaow,25,26,234,285,291Lavadome,24Layerdistortion,72LeithaLimestone,25,27,244,252,276,286LeithaMountains,145Index329Lesencetomaj,42,234Létrás,79Liassic,275Lignite,27,30,31,251,261,264,308Littoral,27LittleHungarianPlain,22,35,37,39,41,42,48,49,55,91,92,108,111,166,168,176,190,231–236,238,242,243,245,249LittleIceAge,89,117,132Lockanddam,146,237Loess(formation,evolution,erosion)loessformation,58,59,61,88loessprole,58–60loesssequence,58,61,62,208loesssheet(loesscover),203,209,274loesstype,58,62loessysilt,56Loess(land)formsincisedloessroad,206loesscircus,61loessdoline,61,206,275loessvalley,62loesswell,206Loessgrassland,179Loessoakforest,179Loesssteppe,86,176,177,179LowerAlps,12,178,245,286MMád,107,297,308MaguraOcean,15,17MakóGraben,38Map,4,66,80,83,108,165,167,170,190,247,296geomorphologicalmap,26Mikovinymap,138militarymapping,80TiszaMappáció(TiszaSurvey),169,176,198,201Marcal,44,65,93,231,234,238,249,252,258,274MarcalBasin,238MarcalRidge,65,274MargaretIsland,155MarosRiver,47,50,92,122,127,129,130,134,223Marosszg,316Massmovement,25,58,61,72,131,135,238,274,276,288,301,306,308MátraMountainsCentralMátra,292,294Foothillsofthe(Mátraalja,Mátralába),294HighMátra,109MátraRegion,17,23–25,30,86,109,111,113,114,175,190,285,287,288,291–294,298,308Mátrakeresztes,107Matuyama-Gaussreversal,36,38Maunderminimum,117Meander,93,126,209,226MecsekMountainsMecsekandVillányMountains,272WestMecsek,73,79,275Medicinalwater,112,149,151,159,259,275Mediterranean,21,24,27,28,30,58,77,84,87,101,107,117,131,176–178,257,258,272,273MedvesRegion,35,305Meleg-hegy,261Mende,59,60Mende-Basaharcloesssequence,59,60Mesozoic,3,5,10,11,19,73,152,156,232,233,245,256,258,259,262,263,269,275,284,285,291,298,301Mezfld,58,166,191,196,198,199,203,204,214Micro-regioncadastre,192MiddleHungarianstructuralline(lineament),3Mindel,36,74,85,87,233Mineralization,288Miocene,3,5,16,18,19,21–23,26,27,29,30,37,41,43,45,71,73,77,79,81,141,154,197,209,232,234,244,246,247,251,257,259,261,262,269,274,276,284,285,287,289,291–293,298,301,303,305,308Mirhó-fok(crevasse),207,214Misinapeak,272Miskolctapolca,266,287,301MórGraben,43,255,261,264MórágyBlock,276MosonDanube,130,235MountCsák,288MuraRiver,51,245MuraValleyPlain,269NNagy-berek,272,274Nagybrzsny,26,308Nagyharsány-hegy,275Nagy-hegyatBér,209Nagy-hegyatTarpa,209Nagykr,222,224Nagykunság,166,196,209,214Nagymaros,240,289Nagy-Sárrét,211Naszály,76,291NationalEnvironmentalProgram,227NationalParkAggtelekNationalPark,309BalatonUplandsNationalPark,264BükkNationalPark,212,309Danube-DrávaNationalPark,214Danube–IpolyNationalpark,214Fert–HanságNationalPark,239HortobágyNationalPark,212KiskunságNationalPark,212Krs–MarosNationalPark,212rségNationalPark,252Natura2000area,128,184Naturallevee,95,135,209,211Naturetrail,182,185,204,310Neanderthalman,84Neogene,244,245,252,262330IndexNógrádBasin,303,305Nógrádi-Várhegy,288NorthernHungary,4NorthHungarianAlluvialFans,196NorthHungarianBasins,284,303NorthHungarianMountains,10,19,26,71,108,190,209,283,285,287,292,309North-WesternCarpathianMountains,284Nyirád,264Nyírség,46,48,63–65,67,88,152,170,177,190,192,196,197,199,203,206,209,210,296Ocsa-Sáriline,42dorvár,301huta,300Olduvaievent,36Oligocene,6,16–21,26,27,197,256,287,288,294,298,303lom-hegy,203Oltár-k,289Opticallystimulatedluminescence,59rdgTrench,246Oroszlány,16,261,264Oszoly,263OuterCarpathians,23OuterSomogy,22,271,273,274Ox-bowlake,129,207,209,226PPákozd,142,262Paks,58,60,111,131,207Paleo-Bodrog,46,93Palaeo-geography,3,6,15,19,21,28,31Palaeosol,36,58,61Paleogene,15,196,244,298,303Paleosol,55,61,66,200,207Paleo-volcano,26PálfaiDroughtIndex(PAI),106PalmerDroughtSeverityIndex,106Pamhagen,146Pándzsa,238PannonhalmiHills,261Pannonian,24,26,28,29,31,38,63,73,75,81,148,152,154,176,197,200,205,206,233,238,249,273,278,301,306,307PannonianBasin,10,21,23,29,31,34,40PannonianLake,33,204PannonianSea,27,30,42,45,54,259,269,276Pápai-Bakonyalja,261Parád-RecskBasin,294Parasiticcrater,288Paratethys,19,21ParndorfPlateau,233,236,250Pátka,7,17,144,262Peat,90,139,147,167,168,173,182,199,204,207,209,211,235,245,274Pécs,15,116,272,275–278PécsPlain,276Pelagic,11,12,15PenninBay,10Periglacial,56,70,75,86climate,70,72,84form,68,71,74,208,296process,38,68,85,88,259,289,300Perint,43Perkupa,7,11Perlite,26,297,308Permafrost,70,72,87,88Permian,5–11,232,260,275,277PestPlain,42,51,52,206,207Phase(Holoceneenvironment),89,170,179Atlantic,89,94,207Boreal,88,89,94,170,179Preboreal,89,91,94Subatlantic,94,258Subboreal,91,94,140Phenologicalphases,104,109Phreaticwater,77,78Pilis,76,82,83,255,257,262,263PilisvrsvárTrench,191,255,262Pillowlava,13,301PinkaPlain,244,247Plantcommunity,176,178,179,181,258,272PlateAfricanplate,6,10,13ALCAPAplate,3,6,7,10,11,15,17Europeanplate,6,10,19,269oceanicplate,6,10,13,15,23,28,58,85,89,101,132platemovement,4,6,10,28platetectonics,4,10Tisia-DaciaUnit,3Platform,6,11,12,16,54,74,256,284,298Pleistocene,26,33,36–38,42,43,46–48,51,54,58,59,64,65,70,75,77,78,81,84,86–88,92,93,129,137,139,141,148,152,154,159,175,182,199,205,209,210,234–236,244,246–249,251,253,257,259,261,262,269,271,273,274,276,285,293,294,298,302,306Pliocene,29,31,33,34,36,37,40,42,44,47,77,79,81,137,140,148,154,196,200,204,210,233,236,245,247,249–251,262,269,273,274,285,289,291,294,298,304,306Podzol,167,168,245,287Polje,79,300Pollution/contamination,73,84,102,113,118,159–161,171,240,242,252,264Polygonaltundra,70Ponor/doline,83,136,300Postglacial,72,145,178Postvolcanicactivity,273,294Ptréte,251Present-day,16,20,36,41,43,45,47,48,50,58,66,85,88,91,92,94,111,130,133,141,146,198,203,219,236,238,250,274Index331PrincipálisValley,250Protectedarea,183,212,240,278PutnokHills,303,306Pyroclast,25,285QQuaternary,7,36,38–40,42,43,45,47,49,58,74,77,87,92,140,152,156,170,196,202,204,206,208–210,233,245,247,249,257,259,263,270,272–274,289,292,307RRábaRábakz,235,236Rábaline,15,243,244RábaValley,248,250Rábca,146,233Radiocarbondating,46,56,94,158RakacaBasin,7,321Ramann'sbrownearth,167Rawmaterial,17,21,29,58,211,262,297,308Recent,74,144,167,170,172,176,182,227,234,250,261,284,294Recsk,17,26,294,308Recultivation,264,273,308,310Redzina,165,169,178,258,272Regression,12,40,139,204,273Reliefevolution,3,283Renewableenergysources,109,110,211Répce,43,146,233,239,248RépcePlain,317Rétkz,46,196,209Révfülp,8RhyolitetuffoftheGalgaValley,26,294,297,301,308RinyaStream,251Riss,36,54,59,61,81,87,139,201,251Riverchannelaccumulation,36,39,52,53,203,233channelpattern,43,129,130paleo-channel,141,204,207,211,212,235,246RiviéraofBalaton,6,7,44,133,137,141,256,258,272,278Rockour,140RomhányBlock,21,308Rudabánya-SzalonnaMountains,301Rudapithecus,302Runoff/drainage,52,70,93,122,136,137,142,146,151,160,162,174,200,204,214,216,217,220,222,227,236,239,240,280,286,308SSaale,36Ság-hegy,234Sajó,51,122,133,159,286,308,310Salgó,305SalgótarjánBasin,21Saltaccumulation,168,169,172,227Salt-affected(area),166,168,169,176,177,179,199,205,207,209,227,278Sanddune/Hummock,204,274Sandsteppevegetation,176,177,179,227,273Sandstone,8,10,20,21,140,148,232,260,263,277,308Sárkz,93,207Sarmatian,26,28,71,75,298Sárrét,39,142,239Sárvíz,204,222,250Paleo-Sárvíz,203SárvízValley,250Sátor-hegy,296,298Schlier,21,288,303Séd,259Sediment,3,125,128,129,135,137,144,148,151,152,154,156,159,166,168,170,195,197,201,203,204,207,210,220,233,243,245,249,250,256,261,269,273–276,285,288,291,293,298,299Shelfarea,10,269Sidechannel,93Siklós,275Sinkhole,79,81,299,302sinkholecave,77sinkholeofJávorkút,300sinkholeofLétrás,300sinkholeofPénz-patak,301Zombor-lyuk,81,302Sió,93,139,279Skeletalsoil,167,170,203Slope,10,25,44,47,48,58,61,65,70–72,75,77,80,86,88,95,104,109,122,131,133,135,136,166,170,176–178,182,208,245,247,249,251,258,259,261,262,272–274,286,288,291,292,294,301,306Slopesediment,246Slopesediment(soil),166,170SlovakOreMountains,306SmallerPlateauoftheBükk,300Soil,35,56,59–61,66,73,77,105,108,149,153,160,161,165,167,168,170,172,176,179,191,196,199,211,224,242,245,246,258,264,272,283,308forestsoil,59,61,167,171,199,245,258,272meadowsoil,154,165,168,170,207peatsoil,166,168,235,272salt-affectedsoil,168,169,210skeletalsoil,166,169,170,179soildegradation,171,172soilerosion,88,170,172soiltype,58,165,168–170,206,245Soliuction,58,70,75,77,247,295SoltPlain,63,207Somló,234,238,239SommaatDms,288Sopron,6,21,43,68,76,113,232,243,245–248,250,252SopronMountains,6,232,244,245,247332IndexSrédRidge,319Spoilheap,277,310Sporerminimum,117Spring,68,77,83,117,132,133,157,158,214,258,262,263,265,266,299FényesSpring(Tata),56,265karstspring,56,157,158,259,264,272,300KomlósSpring,158LófejSpring,302springlake,134springsofBudapest,258SzinvaSpring,158Stadial,67,84,87,176Steppesoil,60Storagecapacity,149,156,159,219Stratigraphy,58Stratovolcano,284,288,291,293,294Subarctic,84,86,87Subduction,4,17,34,91,295Subsurfacewaters,122,148,152,159,160,172,258Subtropical,19,21,27,31,86,102Succession,179,214Sunnyhours,197,272,286SzabóRocks,289SzalajkaValley,301SzalonnaMountains,301,302SzamosPaleo-Szamos,46Szanda,291Szank,212Szappanos-szék,135Száraz-ér,47,94,204Szársomlyó,275,278Szarvask,8,13,300Szatmár-BeregPlain,46,92SzávaBasin,41SzávaUnit,12Szeged,104,105,124,132,133,135,161,218,223SzekszárdHills,63,274SzendrBlockRegion,6,307SzentGyrgy-hegy,257,259SzentMihály-hegy,42,234,288Szépkilátó,139Szigetkz,48,92,93,129,130,159,234,235,237,238,240Szigetkz-MosonPlain,235Szinva,84,158,301Szob,288TTaktakz,316Tápió,206Tápiósüly,59,61TapolcaBasin,35,41,139,234,259Tapoly,46,203TardClay,20,294TardonaHills,320TárkányBasin,320Tarna,45,206,293,308TarnaValley,286,303Tatabánya,16,261,262,265Tátika,259Tectonicpreformation,82,139,142,272Telkibánya,26,297Temes,47,50,204Temporarywatercover,300Tephrachronology,56Tepke-hegy,291Terrace,22,26,36,39,42,43,47,51,53–55,61,137,140,159,167,196,204,208,233,237,238,246,250,251,261,274,276,306uvialterrace,36,37,74,262terraceformation,51,56,208terracegravel,237terracelevel,52terracemorphology,71,128,287,294terrafusca,79terrarossa,79,301Tertiary,175,232,246,255,259,261–263,291TésiPlateau,83TétényPlateau,27Tethys,74,275,298Thermalspring,56,158,238,264–266ThirringRock,288Tihany,136,259AranyházatTihany,259Bels-tóatTihany,258TihanyPeninsula,177,259,273Tikacs,39,142,270Tipet-hegy,209Tisia-Daciaplate,3Tisiamassif,4Tisza,6LowerTiszaRegion,42,198,212MiddleTiszaRegion,93,198,214Paleo-Tisza,46,51,64SouthTiszaValley,45UpperTiszaRegion,203,220Tiszazug,316Tokaj,46,133,209,287,295TokajMountains,308Tokaj-ZemplénMountains,295TolnaHills,166,274Tolnai-Sárkz,315TolvajValley,246Torony,31,251Towerkarst,78Traditionallifestyle,212TransdanubianHills,7,167,190,259,270,277,280TransdanubianMountains,5,190,232,255,257,259,269,274,286Transylvania,4,190MetalliferousMountains,47TransylvanianBasin,4Travertine,35,36,38,39,55,56,73,80,83,87,158,238,257,262,263,301Trewarthasystem,102Index333Triassic,5,8,11,13,73,134,156,259,275,301Türjecapture,44,251Ullés,212UpperZagyva–TarnaHills,303,308UpponyMountains,8Uvala,79,82,300UVBradiation,114VVadálló-kvek,288Vadosewater,158Válicka,250Valleybottom,54,251Valleysystem,275,291VardarOcean,10,12,15,275VardarRidge,27,41,234,250Várhegy,288Várpalota,27,157,264VásárhelyiPlan,124,221,222VecsembükkShaftCave,81Vegetation,84,86–90,118,122,127,146,153,166,168,170,175–177,179,180,182,191,199,204,212,220,227,233,245,273,309Velem,251VelenceMountains,261Vendvidék,189,245,253VértesMountains,13,16,82,83,158,176,256,258,261Vesuvius,24,285,296Veszrpém-DevecserGraben,259ViennaBasin,21,40,231VilyvitányBlock,7VisegrádMountains,25,135,283,287,288Visonta,31,308Volcanicring,26,35,36,42,70,117,179,259Volcano,209,285,288,294,297Vlgység,274,275Vulka,145,248WWater,7,13,20,21,25,302,309catchmentarea,42,53,124,131,137,198,218,219,278,280,310divide,203,272,279waterdemand,102,215(water)discharge,222,240,264,266,272waterhousehold/regime,28,121,122,137,143,160,196waterlevel,28,56,133,137,138,141,145,149,157,280watermanagement,40,144,160,167,170,218waterregime,40,112,118,128,133,179,258,272,279waterregulation,67,179,182,209,211,220,224,237watershortage,105,142,144,182,203,234waterstage/el,53,144watersystem,40,43,45,93,135,160,209,252,300wateruse/waterconsumption/withdrawal,160wetlands,196,227,278Waterfall,301WaterreservoiratZámoly,218,272,279WaterreservoirofLázbérc,7Wave-cutnotch,54Weathering,7,13,26,52,84,88,168,232,256,257,297,301WestHungarianBorderRegion,232,243,244,246,251Wetlands,21,67,95,135,146,160,177,207,211,224,227,239,273,278Würm,36,39,44,45,50,274ZZagyva,38,91,206,291,308Zala,16,42,44,122,137,139,208,244,245,250–252,278,279ZalaHills,17,44,245,250,271Zalakaros,252Zalavár,251ZámolyBasin,144ZemplénMountains,72,285–287,295,297Zeng,275Zeolite,308ZsámbékBasin,319Zselic,274334Index