lithiumlavalava

USGS-OFR-83-856USGS-OFR-83-856UNITEDSTATESDEPARTMENTOFTHEINTERIORGEOLOGICALSURVEYGEOHYDROLOGICDATAFORTESTWELLUSWH-6YUCCAMOUNTAINAREA,NYECOUNTY,NEVADAbyR.
W.
Craig,R.
L.
Reed,andR.
W.
SpenglerOpen-FileReport83-856PreparedincooperationwiththeNevadaOperationsOfficeU.
S.
DepartmentofEnergy(InteragencyAgreementDE-AI08-78ET44802)Denver,Colorado1983UNITEDSTATESDEPARTMENTOFTHEINTERIORWILLIAMP.
CLARK,SecretaryGEOLOGICALSURVEYDallasL.
Peck,DirectorForadditionalinformationwriteto:Chief,NuclearHydrologyProgramU.
S.
GeologicalSurvey,WRDBox25046,MailStop416DenverFederalCenterLakewood,CO80225Copiesofthisreportcanbepurchasedfrom:Open-FileServicesSectionWesternDistributionBranchU.
S.
GeologicalSurveyBox25425,FederalCenterDenver,CO80225[Telephone:(303)234-5888]CONTENTSPageAbstract1Introduction1DrillingOperations4Lithologicsamplingandwelllogging4Lithologiclog~4Geophysicalwelllogs4Testsoncoresamples15Hydrologictestingandwatersampling16Waterlevels16Pumpingtests--.
16Borehole-flowsurvey20Packer-injectiontests20Chemicalanalysisofwater20Selectedreferences35ILLUSTRATIONSPageFigure1.
MapshowinglocationoftestwellUSWH-622.
MapshowinggeographicfeaturesandotherwellsinvicinityoftestwellUSWH-633.
Diagramshowingwellconstruction114-18.
Graphsshowing:4.
Water-leveldrawdown,pumpingtest1,depthintervalfrom526to1,220meters,atapumpingrateof28liters,persecond175.
Water-leveldrawdown,pumpingtest2,depthintervalfrom526to1,220meters,atapumpingrateof27literspersecond186.
Water-levelrecovery,pumpingtest2,depthintervalfrom526to1,220meters197.
Borehole-flowsurvey,showingpercentofpumpingrateproducedbyintervals218.
Packer-injectiontest1,depthintervalfrom581to607meters239.
Packer-injectiontest2,depthintervalfrom606to640meters2410.
Packer-injectiontest3,depthintervalfrom649to683meters2511.
Packer-injectiontest3A,depthintervalfrom649to683meters2612.
Packer-injectiontest4,depthintervalfrom686to753meters27111ILLUSTRATIONSContinuedPageGraphsshowing--Continued13.
Packer-injectiontest5,depthintervalfrom753to787meters2814.
Packer-injectiontest6,depthintervalfrom804to838meters2915.
Packer-injectiontest7,depthintervalfrom835to869meters3016.
Packer-injectiontest8,depthintervalfrom871to1,220meters3117.
Packer-injectiontest9,depthintervalfrom1,118to1,152meters3218.
Packer-injectiontest10,depthintervalfrom1,155to1,220meters33TABLESPageTable1.
LithologiclogoftestwellUSWH-652.
Summaryofgeophysicalwelllogs----143.
Summaryofcoredintervals--154.
Water-levelmeasurements-----165.
Summaryofpacker-injectiontests--226.
Resultsofchemicalanalysisofwatersampleobtainedduringpumpingofdepthintervalfrom526to1,220meters----34IVCONVERSIONTABLEForuseofreaderswhoprefertouseinch-poundunits,conversionfactorsfortermsusedinthisreportarelistedbelow:Multiplymillimetermeterkilometerliterliterpersecondmicrosiemenspercentimeterat25°CelsiusdegreeCelsiusmicrogramperlitermilligramperliterBy0.
039373.
2810.
62140.
264215.
851.
000Toobtaininch-poundinchfootmilegallongallonperminutemicromhopercentimeterat25°CelsiusdegreeFahrenheitpartperbillionpartpermillionApproximate.
NationalGeodeticVerticalDatumof1929(NGVD)--ageodeticdatumderivedfromageneraladjustmentofthefirst-orderlevelnetsofboththeUnitedStatesandCanada,formerlycalledMeanSeaLevel;itisreferredtoassealevelinthisreport.
GEOHYDROLOGICDATAFORTESTWELLUSWH-6YUCCAMOUNTAINAREA,NYECOUNTY,NEVADAbyR.
W.
Craig,R.
L.
Reed,andR.
W.
SpenglerABSTRACTThisreportpresentsthefollowingdatafortestwellUSWH-6:drillingoperations,lithology,availabilityofboreholegeophysicallogs,waterlevels,futureavailabilityofcoreanalyses,waterchemistry,pumpingtests,andpacker-injectiontests.
ThewellisoneofaseriesoftestwellsdrilledinandnearYuccaMountainadjacenttotheNevadaTestSite,NyeCounty,Nevada,incooperationwiththeU.
S.
DepartmentofEnergy.
TheseinvestigationsarepartoftheNevadaNuclearWasteStorageInvestigationstoidentifysuitablesitesforundergroundstorageofhigh-levelradioactivewastes.
TestwellUSWH-6wasdrilledtoatotaldepthof1,220meters.
Rockspenetratedarepredominantlyash-flowtuffs.
Lavawasencounteredfrom877to1,126meters.
Thecompositestaticwaterlevelisapproximately526metersbelowlandsurface.
Thewellwaspumpedduringtwoperiods.
Maximumdrawdownwasabout18metersafterpumpingfor4,822minutesat28literspersecond,and12metersafterpumpingfor2,226minutesat27literspersecond.
Aboreholeflowsurveyshowedthat91percentofthewaterwithdrawnfromthewellcamefromthedepthintervalsfrom616to631meters,andfrom777to788meters.
INTRODUCTIONTheU.
S.
GeologicalSurveyhasbeenconductinginvestigationsatYuccaMountain,Nevada,todeterminethehydro!
ogicandgeologicsuitabilityofthesiteforstoringhigh-levelnuclearwasteinanundergroundminedrepository.
TheseinvestigationsarepartoftheNevadaNuclearWasteStorageInvestigationsbeingdonebytheU.
S.
GeologicalSurveyincooperationwiththeU.
S.
DepartmentofEnergy,NevadaOperationsOffice.
Testdrillinghasbeenaprincipalmethodofinvestigation.
Thisreportpresentsgeohydrologicanddrill-holedatafromtestwellUSWH-6.
TestwellUSWH-6islocatedinNyeCounty,Nevada,approximately145kmnorthwestofLasVegasinthesouthernpartoftheState(fig.
1).
ThewellwasdrilledwestofthepartofYuccaMountainbeingconsideredasapossiblerepository,ontheeasternedgeofCraterFlat(fig.
2).
Thewellsiteisinasmalleasterlydrainingcanyon,whichistributarytoalargersoutherlydrainingcanyonadjacenttoalargefaultscarp(LipmanandMcKay,1965).
LocationofthesiteisNevadaStateCoordinateSystemCentralZoneN763,299ftandE544,075ft.
Altitudeoflandsurfaceatthewellsiteis1,302mabovesealevel.
TestwellUSWH-6isoneinaseriesofgeohydrologictestwellsdesignedspecificallyforhydrologictesting.
Thewellwassitedwestofthefaultscarpprimarilytodetermineifgeohydrologicconditionsintestwellseastofthefaultscarpextendedtothewest.
116°30'15'116C00'T37°00'45'30'15'115°00'INEVADATESTSITEUSWH-645'I______Mercury__j°LathropWells30'NEVADAAreaofthisfigure36°15'\\LasVegas*10l20I30I40I50KILOMETERS101520I2530MILESFigure1.
--LocationoftestwellUSWH-6.
116°40'116°30'36°50'-36°40'-116°20'10I1520KILOMETERSI_______I10MILESFigure2.
--GeographicfeaturesandotherwellsinvicinityoftestwellUSWH-6.
DRILLINGOPERATIONSDrillingofwellUSWH-6beganonAugust7,1982.
Atotaldepthof1,220mwasreachedonSeptember30,1982.
Theholewasrotary-drilled,usinganair-foamfluidconsistingofair,detergent,andwaterratherthandrillingmudtominimizeinfillingofporesandfractures.
Lithiumchloridewasaddedtoallwaterusedindrillingoperationsaswellaswaterusedduringpacker-injectiontesting.
Concentrationsoflithiuminfluidreturnsorwatersampleswereusedtoindicateiffluidssampledwerecontaminatedbydrillingortestingfluidsorwereindicativeofformationwater.
Atotalof67mwascoredatselectedintervalsfrom333to1,220m.
Nounusualdrillingproblemswereencountered.
Circulationwaslostforabout30minutesat1,130m.
Wellconstructionisshowninfigure3.
Adirectionalsurveyindicatesthatthemaximumholedeviationis1.
5°.
Thebottomsurveystation,at1,204m,showstheholedeviationis16mfromtheverticalatadirectionofN88°21'W.
Adetaileddrillinghistoryiscontainedinthefilesoftheengineeringfirm,FenixandScisson,Inc.
,LasVegas,Nevada(consultantofU.
SDepartmentofEnergy).
LITHOLOGICSAMPLINGANDWELLLOGGINGLithologiclogTherockspenetratedintestwellUSWH-6,asdeterminedfromrock-bitcuttingsandcore,arepredominantlyvolcanictuffs,withtheexceptionofthedepthinterval877to1,126m,wherelavawasencountered.
Adetailedlithologiclogispresentedintable1;completedesignationsofformationandmemberareshown.
GeophysicalwelllogsGeophysicallogsweremadeintestwellUSWH-6toconfirmwellconstruction,tohelpdefinelithologiccontacts,tomeasurewaterlevels,toobtaindataonporosityandfractures,andtomeasurethediameteroftheopenhole.
Thelogswereusedtohelpselectintervalsforhydrologictesting.
Asummaryofgeophysicallogsrecordedinthewellandthedepthintervalsloggedareshownintable2.
Tablel.
--Litho2ogiclogoftestwellVSWH-6[m=meters;mm=millimeters]StratigraphicandlithologicdescriptionThicknessofinterval(meters)9.
1PaintbrushTuffofTertiaryageTivaCanyonMemberTuff,ash-flow,brownish-gray,grayish-red,denselywelded,devitrified;lessthan2percentpheno-crysts(sanidine).
Tuff,ash-flow,dusky-yellowish-brown,moderatelywelded();vitric(vitrophyre);abundantblackglassshards.
Tuff,ash-flow,light-brownanddark-yellowish-orange,partiallywelded,vitric(partiallyargillie;lessthan2percentphenocrysts;abundantblackanddark-yellowish-orangeglassshards).
Beddedtuff(unnamed)Tuff,bedded,ash-fall,white,vitricPahCanyonMemberTuff,ash-flow,moderate-orange-pink,nonwelded,vitric;pumice,very-pale-orange,vitric;conspicuousbiotite(ash-fallmaybepresentfrom88.
4-91.
4m).
TopopahSpringMemberTuff,ash-flow,light-brown,nonwelded,vitric;mostlylight-brown,vitricpumice;pale-reddish-brownandblackvitrophyriclithicfragments().
Tuff,ash-flow,moderate-reddish-brown,(densely-welded,vitrophyre).
48.
83.
118.
33.
09.
19.
10.
6Depthtobottomofinterval1(meters)AlluviumofQuaternaryage,boulders,gravel,sand;predominantlycomposedofdenselyweldedTivaCanyonMemberofthePaintbrushTuff,afewfragmentsarepartlycoatedwithcaliche.
9.
157.
961.
079.
382.
391.
5100.
6Tablel.
--LithologriclogoftestwellUSWH-6--Continued[m=meters;mm=millimeters]StratigraphicandlithologicdescriptionThicknessofinterval(meters)Depthtobottomofinterval1(meters)PaintbrushTuffofTertiaryAgeContinuedTopopahSpringMembeiContinuedTuff,ash-flow,grayish-red,denselywelded,devi-trified;10percent()phenocrysts(abundantbronzebiotite).
2.
4103.
6()Tuff,ash-flow,grayish-red,moderatelywelded,vaporphase;pumice,grayish-red(),vaporphase(bitcuttingsveryfinegrained).
24.
4128.
0Tuff,ash-flow,light-brown-graytovery-light-gray,denselywelded,devitrified;possiblelithophysalzone().
70.
1198.
1Tuff,ash-flow,light-brownandgrayish-red(mottled)denselywelded,devitrified;lessthan1percentphenocrysts;conspicuousmottledappearanceofbitcuttingsbetween268.
2and359.
7msuggestingapossiblelithophysalzone().
172.
8370.
9Tuff,ash-flow,black,vitrophyre;upperpartofsubunitalteredtolightbrownandmoderatebrown;maybezeolites().
27.
4339.
3Tuff,ash-flow,grayish-browntomoderate-yellowish-brown,partiallyweldedtononwelded,vitric,abundantblackglassshards;baseidentifiedintelevisioncameravideotapeobservations.
11.
0410.
3Beddedtuff(unnamed)Tuff,ash-fall,bedded,reworked,light-olive-gray,moderate-brown,light-brownish-gray,vitric,slightlytomoderatelyindurated();predominantlycomposedofpumice;sparsebrownish-gray,medium-light-gray,andmedium-dark-grayvitrophyriclithicfragments;bedsrangeinthicknessfrom30-37mm;bedsdip7-10°.
9.
2419.
5TableI.
--LithologiclogoftestwellUSWH-6--Continued[m=meters;mm=millimeters]ThicknessDepthtoofbottomofStratigraphicandlithologicdescriptionintervalinterval1(meters)(meters)RhyoliteLavasandTuffsofCalicoHillsTuffaceousbedsofCalicoHillsTuff,ash-flow,moderate-reddish-orange,light-brown,non-to-partiallywelded,vitric;pumice,grayish-orange-pink,light-gray,very-light-gray,yellowish-gray,vitric,particlesrangeinsizefrom3mmto60mm;lessthan2percentphenocrysts(sanidine);sparsebrownish-grayrhyoliticlithicfragmentsandlightgraytoblackvitrophyrelithicfragments.
(Beddedtuffintervalfrom432.
2-432.
4m,moderate-pinktograyish-orange-pink,moderatelyindurated,vitric,dominantlypumicefragments,rarebrownish-gray,rhyoliticlithicfragments).
(Televisioncameravideotapeobservationssuggestthebaseoftheintervalis444.
4m).
24.
9444.
4Tuff,bedded,reworked,moderate-orange-pink,grayish-yellow,pale-yellowish-brown;dominantlyzeoliticandargilliepumicefragments;lower3mwellsorted.
14.
0458.
4CraterFlatTuffofTertiaryageProwPassMemberTuff,ash-flow,pale-yellowish-brown,partiallywelded,vitric;pumice,grayish-yellowandvery-pale-orange,vitric,particles1-20mminsize;5to7percentphenocrystsofquartz,sanidine,plagioclase,biotite,andpyroxene;raregrayishredvolcanicandmoderate-reddish-brownmudstonelithicfragments,commonlylessthan10mminsize.
11.
0469.
4Tuff,ash-flow,pale-yellowish-brownandgrayish-orange-pink,partiallywelded,devitrifiedandvapor-phasecrystallization;pumice,light-gray,light-brownish-gray,vapor-phasecrystallization,particlescommonlylessthan20mminsize;10percentphenocrysts(sanidine,plagioclase,quartz,biotite),abundantminutebiotiteflakesconcentratedinpumicefragments;sparsepale-reddish-brownmudstonelithicfragments,commonlylessthan5mminsize,aslargeas10mm.
42.
7512.
1Table1.
LithologiclogoftestwellH-6--ContinuedThicknessDepthtoofbottomofStratigraphicandlithologicdescriptionintervalinterval1(meters)(meters)CraterFlatTuff--ContinuedProwPassMemberContinuedTuff,ash-flow,yellowish-gray,grayish-orange-pink,light-olivegray,partiallywelded,devitrified,zeolitic();pumice,moderate-orange-pink,grayish-yellow,zeolitic();5to10percentphenocrysts,biotiterich;sparsemoderate-reddish-brownmudstonelithicfragments;bitcuttingsamplesextremelysmallanddifficulttodescribe.
25.
9538.
0()Beddedtuff(unnamed)Tuff,bedded,reworked,moderate-reddish-brownandyellowish-gray,dominantlycomposedofmoderatepinkpumicefragments,zeolitic()andsub-roundedphenocrysts.
9.
1547.
1()BullfrogMemberTuff,ash-flow,grayish-orange-pink,non-to-partiallywelded(),devitrified,pumice,very-light-grayandvery-pale-orange;biotiterich;bitcuttingsamplesextremelysmall.
4.
6551.
7Tuff,ash-flow,pale-yellowish-brownandvery-light-brownish-gray,partiallywelded,vapor-phasecrystallization;pumice,medium-light-gray,light-brownish-gray,andmedium-gray,vapor-phasecrystallization;15percentphenocrysts(sanidine,plagioclase,quartz,biotite);veryraremoderate-brownrhyoliticlithicfragments.
30.
5582.
2Tuff,ash-flow,olive-grayandbrownish-gray,partiallywelded,devitrified;pumice,light-brownish-gray,devitrified;10percentphenocrysts(sanidine,plagioclase,quartz,biotite,hornblende);raremoderate-reddish-brownmudstonelithicfragmentsandmoderate-brownrhyoliticlithicfragments.
18.
3600.
5()Tablel.
--LithologiclogoftestwellUSWH-6--ContinuedStratigraphicandlithologicdescriptionThicknessDepthtoofbottomofintervalinterval1(meters)(meters)CraterFlatTuffContinuedBullfrogMembeiContinuedTuff,ash-flow,light-brownandpale-brown,partiallytomoderatelywelded,devitrified;pumice,medium-light-gray,light-brown,devitrified;15percentphenocrysts(sanidine,quartz,plagioclase,biotite,hornblende);rarepale-reddish-brownmudstonelithicfragments.
51.
2651.
7Tuff,ash-flow,grayish-orange,moderate-yellowish-brown,andgrayish-yellow,partiallytononwelded,devitrified,moderatelyaltered;(estimatesbasedonx-rayanalysissuggestmorethan30percentmordenite/clinoptiloliteandlessthan10percentmontmorillonite2);pumice,grayish-orangeandpale-yellowish-orange,devitrified,altered;10percentphenocrystsofsanidine,plagioclase,quartz,biotite;bitcuttingsamplescontaminatedfrom658.
4to673.
6m.
26.
5678.
2Beddedtuff(unnamed)Tuff,bedded,reworked,light-brown,slightlyindurated;pumice,grayish-yellowandgrayish-pink,subrounded,moderatelysorted.
9.
1687.
3TramMemberTuff,ash-flow,moderate-orange-pinktolight-brown,nonwelded(),devitrified;pumice,very-pale-orange,grayish-yellow,slightlyzeolitic();15percentphenocrysts(quartz,sanidine,plagioclase,biotite).
16.
8704.
2Tuff,ash-flow,yellowish-gray,grayish-orange,andlight-brownish-gray,devitrified,dominantlyvaporphasecrystallization;commonlylessthan10mminlength;10percentphenocrysts(quartz,sanidine,plagioclase,biotite);raretosparsegrayish-red,lightbrown,olive-gray,andgreenish-gray,rhyolitictointermediatevolcaniclithicfragments,commonlylessthan15mminsize,aslargeas40mm;bitcuttingsamplesextremelyfinefrom771.
1-801.
6m,and804.
7to810.
8m.
106.
7810.
8()Tablel.
--LithologiclogoftestwellUSWH-6ThicknessDepthtoofbottomofStratigraphicandlithologicdescriptionintervalinterval1(meters)(meters)CraterFlatTuffContinuedTramMembeiContinuedTuff,ash-flow,yellowish-grayandlight-olive-gray,nonwelded,zeoliticandargillic;estimatesbasedonx-rayanalysissuggestmorethan40percentmordenite/clinopti1oliteandlessthan10percentmontmorillonite;pumice,pale-greenish-yellowandgrayish-yellow,zeolitic,commonlylessthan10mminlength;10percentphenocrystsofquartz,sanidine,plagioclase,andbiotite;notableincreaseinlithicfragments(about10-15percentofrock),olivegray,brownish-gray,moderate-reddish-brown,anddarkgray,rhyolitictointermediate,rangeinsizefrom2to30mm;bitcuttingsamplesextremelyfinefrom816.
9-832.
1m.
63.
7874.
5Beddedtuff(unnamed)Tuff,reworked,moderateredtograyish-red,moderatelyindurated;pumice,sparse,whitetograyish-orange-pink,zeolitic().
2.
7877.
2LavaLava,pale-yellowish-green,light-greenish-gray,palegreen,anddusky-yellow-green,dacitic(),alteredtosmectiteandzeolites;estimatesbasedonx-rayanalysisindicate40percentclinoptilolite/mordenite;30to40percentphenocrysts(plagioclase,abundantbiotiteandhornblende).
60.
1937.
3Lava,brownish-gray,greenish-gray,dacitic(),vitric(decreaseinalteration);estimatesbasedonx-rayanalysissuggest20percentmordenite;30-40percentphenocrysts(plagioclase,biotite,hornblende).
13.
7951.
0Lava,pale-red,grayish-red,light-olive-graytoolive-gray,devitrified(slightlyaltered);estimatesbasedonx-rayanalysissuggestlessthan10percentmontmorillonite;30-40percentphenocrysts(plagio-clase,biotite,hornblende).
56.
11,007.
1(7)10Table1.
LithologiclogoftestwellVSWH-6--ContinuedStratigraphicandlithologicdescriptionThicknessDepthtoofbottomofintervalinterval1(meters)(meters)CraterFlatTuff--ContinuedLavaContinuedLava,pale-red,dacitic().
slightincreaseinalteration,62.
819.
819.
8Lava,olive-grayandbrownish-gray,devitrified,dacitic().
Lava,blackish-gray,dacitic,vitrophyre;30percentphenocrysts(plagioclase,biotite,hornblende).
Lava,greenish-graytolight-greenish-gray,dacitic,vitric(slightlyaltered,alterationincreasesdownward);30percentphenocrystsofplagioclase,biotite,hornblende).
16.
4Beddedtuff(unnamed)Tuff,reworked(tuffaceoussandstone),pale-brown,fine-grained,well-sorted,well-rounded,fewpumicefragments,slightlyzeolitic;containsapproximately20percentmordenitebasedonx-rayanalysis.
4.
3LithicRidgeTuffTuff,ash-flow,light-olive-grayandgreenish-gray,partiallywelded,zeoliticandargillie;pumice,olive-grayandlight-greenish-gray,argillieandzeolitic,commonly5to30mminlength;10percentphenocrysts(quartz,sanidine,plagioclase,biotite,andsphene);sparselight-brownish-gray,olive-gray,andbrownish-grayvolcaniclithicfragments,commonly5to30mminsize.
34.
1Tuff,ash-flow,greenish-gray,non-to-partiallywelded,moderatelyzeolitic,containsapproximately30percentanalcimebasedonx-rayanalysis;pumice,greenish-gray,pale-green,highlyargillieandzeolitic,commonly5to20mminsize;10percentpheno-crysts(sanidine,plagioclase,quartz,biotite,1,069.
91,089.
71,109.
51,125.
9(7)1,130.
2(7)1,164.
311Table1.
LithologiclogoftestwellVSWH-6--ContinuedThicknessDepthtoofbottomofStratigraphicand"lithologicdescriptionintervalinterval1(meters)(meters)LithicRidgeTuffContinuedandsphene);increaseinlithicfragments,about5to10percent,grayish-black,brownish-black,olive-gray,brownish-gray,rhyolitictointermediate,commonly5to35mm.
55.
61,219.
9TOTALDEPTH1,219.
9xDepthtobottomofintervalisreportedto0.
1metertocorrespondtothethicknessofintervals;actualdepthsareprobably±0.
5meter.
2X-rayanalysesbyP.
D.
Blackmon(U.
S.
GeologicalSurvey).
12LandSurface760-millimetercasing410-millimetercasing270-millimetercasingPerforations530-572meters220-millimeterhole160-millimeterhole1216meters1220metersFigure3.
--Wellconstruction.
13Table2.
--SummaryofgeophysicalwelllogsLogDepthinterval(meters)DateAcousticteleviewerAcoustilog,boreholecompensatedCaliperCasingcollarlocatorDensity,boreholecompensatedDirectionalsurveyEpithermalneutronporosityFluiddensityGammarayGeophonesurveyInductionInduction-electricMagnetometerNeutron,boreholecompensatedNuclearannulusinvestigationNuclearcementtoplocatorSpectralogTemperatureTelevisioncameravideotape579-1,204581-1,2120-9576-5780-600564-1,211564-1,2020-5860-9576-578570-1,2130-1,20476-58076-593518-557518-533518-539518-53376-579571-1,2140-1,203107-572587-1,2100-9391-577575-1,212210-581527-1,21485-95512-5810-1,2150-579457-1,215(duringpumping)0-515607-90711/02/8210/01/8208/13/8209/04/8209/13/8209/30/8212/16/8209/12/8208/13/8209/04/8209/30/8209/29/8209/07/8212/16/8209/03/8209/05/8209/07/8210/01/8209/04/8209/30/8212/16/8209/05/8210/02/8208/13/8209/04/8209/30/8209/07/8210/01/8208/15/8209/12/8210/01/8209/05/8210/15/8209/04/8212/02/8214TestsonCoreSamplesCorestotaling67mweretakenfromtheholeinthedepthinterval333to1,220m(table3).
CoresamplesweresubmittedtotheU.
S.
GeologicalSurveylaboratoryandtoHolmesandNarverMaterialsTestingLaboratory(contractorforU.
S.
DepartmentofEnergy)foranalysesofdensity,matrixporosity,poresaturation,andpore-watercontent.
Hydraulicconductivitiesaretobemeasuredinsamplesfromthesaturatedpartofthehole.
ResultsoftheselaboratoryanalysesarenotavailableasofOctober1983.
Table3.
-"SummaryofcoredintervalsDepthinterval1LengthofcoreLengthofcorerecovered(meters)(meters)(meters)332.
5-339.
5342.
9-345.
6349.
6-356.
3417.
0-422.
8431.
9-435.
67.
02.
76.
75.
83.
74.
42.
75.
25.
03.
7460.
2-463.
2509.
0-512.
0554.
7-560.
8624.
8-626.
9716.
3-721.
8871.
1-874.
1914.
4-917.
4971.
1-974.
11,036.
3-1,039.
31,097.
3-1,100.
31,158.
2-1,161.
21,216.
1-1,219.
83.
03.
06.
12.
15.
53.
03.
03.
03.
03.
03.
03.
73.
03.
06.
12.
15.
52.
83.
02.
83.
03.
02.
93.
7TOTAL67.
361.
9Depthsarereportedto0.
1metertocorrespondtothelengthofcore;actualdepthsareprobably±0.
5meter.
15HYDROLOGICTESTINGANDWATERSAMPLINGWaterLevelsWaterlevelsweremeasuredinthewelltodetermineacompositestaticwaterlevel.
Thecompositestaticwaterlevelwas526mbelowlandsurface(776mabovesealevel),afterthewellwascompletedatatotaldepthof1,220m.
Water-levelmeasurementsarelistedintable4.
ThemeasurementsmadeSeptember4,5,and7,1982,arerepresentativeofthecompositestaticwaterlevelwhenthedepthofthewellwas583m.
PumpingTestsTwopumpingtestsfordrawdownandrecoverywereconductedinthewell.
Althoughthewellwasopentoatotaldepthof1,220m,theborehole-flowsurveydescribedbelowshowednoflowbelow803m.
Theeffectiveproductionintervalwas526to803m.
Thepumpwasinstalledwiththepumpintakeat552m,andthebottomofthemonitoringtubeat575m.
Thecasing,whichextendsto581m,isperforatedinfiveintervals;530to536m,540to549m,552to561m,564to567m,and569to572m.
Duringthefirstpumpingtest,thewellwaspumpedat28L/sfor4,822minutes;thistestwasendedprematurelybymechanicalfailure.
Nodrawdowndatapast4,184minutesorrecoverydatawereobtained,becausethewater-levelmonitoringtoolwasremovedfromtheholeinpreparationfortheborehole-flowsurvey.
Drawdown-versus-timedataforpumpingtest1areshowninfigure4.
Pumpingtest2ranfor2,226minutesat27L/s.
Drawdown-versus-timedataforthesecondtestareshowninfigure5.
Nodataareavailablefortheintervalfrom116to1,789minutes,becausethemonitoringinstrumentwasremovedtoallowaccessfortheborehole-flowsurveytool.
Recoveryofthewaterlevelinthewellwasmonitoredattheendofpumping.
Resultsareshowninfigure6asresidualdrawdown(recovery)versustime.
Table4.
--Water-levelmeasurementsDate10/07/8210/17/8210/20/8203/31/83Depthinterval(meters)525-1,220525-1,220525-1,220525-1,220Depthtowater(meters)Method09/04/8209/05/8209/07/8210/01/8210/06/82525-583525-583525-583525-1,220525-1,220525.
4527527525526.
0TelevisioncameraFluiddensitylogFluiddensitylogFluiddensitylogFloatswitch526.
0525.
8526.
0526.
0FloatswitchFloatswitchFloatswitchFloatswitch16V)OC-LU6ILUZ8O10Q§12141618II1TI0.
11.
010100TIME,INMINUTESSINCEPUMPINGSTARTED100010,000Figure4.
--Water-leveldrawdown,pumpingtest1,depthintervalfrom526to1,220meters,atapumpingrateof28literspersecond.
-r-rj-00COccLJJecQ101112Watersample0.
11.
010100TIME,INMINUTESSINCEPUMPJNGSTARTED100010,000Figure5.
Water-leveldrawdown,pumpingtest2,depthintervalfrom526to1,220meters,atapumpingrateof27literspersecond.
COCCLU§628COLUcc10111201.
010100TIME,INMINUTESSINCEPUMPINGSTOPPED1000Figure6.
--Water-levelrecovery,pumpingtest2,depthintervalfrom526to1,220meters.
Borehole-flowSurveyAborehole-flowsurveywasmadeduringpumpingtest2.
Thesurveywasmadetodetectintervalsoffluidentranceintotheborehole.
Smallquantitiesofradioactiveiodine-131wereinjectedintothewatercolumnatselecteddepths.
Timerequiredfortheiodine-131tomovebetweentwogamma-raydetectors,aknowndistanceapart,wasconvertedtoavelocity.
Thecross-sectionalareaoftheholewasdeterminedbyuseofacaliperlog.
Theproductofthevelocityandthecross-sectionalareagavearateofflowpastaparticulardepth.
Thetoolwasmovedthroughtheholeasrequiredtodefinetheintervalsofwaterproduction.
AmorecompletedescriptionofthetechniqueforthesurveyisfoundinBlankennagel(1967).
Depthandcorrespondingstratigraphyversuspercentageoftotalflowareshowninfigure7.
Thesurveyshowedthat91percentofthewaterwithdrawnfromthewellcamefromthedepthintervalsfrom616to631m,andfrom777to788m.
Nomeasureableflow(greaterthanabout0.
05L/s)wasdetectedbelow803m.
Packer-injectionTestsPacker-injectiontestswereconductedinvariousintervalsofthewellto:(1)Obtaindataonthedistributionofhydraulicheadinthewell,and(2)obtaindataforfuturedeterminationofthedistributionoftransmissivityinthewell.
Theintervalstobetestedwereisolatedfromtheremainderoftheboreholebyuseofinflatablestraddle-packers.
Testswereconductedeitherontheintervalbetweenthepackersorontheintervalfromthebottompackertothebottomofthewell.
Waterwasinjectedbyfillingtubingthatwasconnectedtothepackertool,andthenopeningthetooltoeitherthebetween-packer-intervalorbelow-packerinterval,asappropriate.
Dataforthesetestsaresummarizedintable5.
Thedeclineofwaterlevelduringeachtest,presentedastheratioofthehydraulicheadabovethestaticwaterlevelatagiventime(H)tothehydraulicheadabovethestaticwaterlevelattimeofinjection(H)versustimesinceinjectionbegan,isshowninfigures8-18.
Heightofthewatercolumnisshownontherightsideofthegraphasmetersabovestaticwaterlevel.
Mosttestswerestartedwithafulltubeofwater,withhydraulicheadabout5mabovelandsurface.
Testsofintervalsexpectedtoslowlydissipatethewatercolumnusedaboutone-halfofthewaterinthetube.
Theseintervalswerethosethatshowedlittleornoproductionoffluidduringborehole-flowsurvey.
Thehydraulicheadabovestaticwaterlevelattimeofinjectionforeachtestisshowninfigures8to18asthevalueequivalenttoaH/Hratioof1.
ChemicalAnalysisofWaterAcompositewatersamplewasobtainedneartheendofpumpingtest2.
Atthetimeofsampling,approximately1.
2xl07Loffluidhadbeenwithdrawnfromthewellduringthecombinedpumpingofthetests.
Resultsoftheanalysisofthewatersampleareshownintable6.
Theuncorrectedcarbon-14ageofthewateris14,600yearsbeforepresent(16.
3percentmodern).
20V)cc500550600650-700LUOccDOenHoHYDRAULICHEADATTIMEtHYDRAULICHEADATTIMEOFINJECTIONoooooO>JNJ88SoHYDRAULICHEADABOVESTATICWATERLEVEL,INMETERSCQCft)UD-(-Ho\HYDRAULICHEADATTIMEtHYDRAULICHEADATTIMEOFINJECTION)onn>nrt-O13roh*CL|O)oO)O)4s.
On>o-*N)w*§§§§HYDRAULICHEADABOVESTATICWATERLEVEL,INMETERSO101§§enooOJ_(.
Ho\HYDRAULICHEADATTIMEtHYDRAULICHEADATTIMEOFINJECTION)COc-5II130)Ott>mO.
tt>T3zo8o>o>QOSHYDRAULICHEADABOVESTATICWATERLEVEL,INMETERSCQOOCDOJCLfDOJ-(-Ho\HYDRAULICHEADATTIMEtr)HYDRAULICHEADATTIMEOFINJECTIONooooopopo8c-t-oCOOJ3fDc-t-n>-58S8SHYDRAULICHEADABOVESTATICWATERLEVEL,INMETERS301ro^-LUzH-oLUOHYDRAUL*^.
XI.
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Packer-injectiontest4,depthintervalfrom686to753meters.
-(-Ho\HYDRAULICHEADATTIMEtHYDRAULICHEADATTIMEOFINJECTION)COa-5roo.
ro-oUiCw8ooo38§88HYDRAULICHEADABOVESTATTCWATERLEVEL.
INMETERS01pi§5-(-Ho\HYDRAULICHEADATTIMEtHYDRAULICHEADATTIMEOFINJECTION(Oc-5050505Q.
05-au>o-o-HYDRAULICHEADABOVESTATICWATERLEVEL,INMETERS-(-Ho\HYDRAULICHEADATTIMEtHYDRAULICHEADATTIMEOFINJECTIONoooooooor)tocnCDnn-ooOJK>oz88HYDRAULICHEADABOVESTATICWATERLEVEL,INMETERS00ro1>UU-Vg§UJ2MM&PS0.
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900.
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01010010JJUUJiz_TUJUJ323^UJt-OPUJ326gfD"Or+ri-ft)IT-5C/l'tntnmZo01o8HYDRAULICHEADABOVESTATICWATERLEVEL,INMETERSTable6.
Resultsofchemicalanalysis1ofwatersampleobtainedduringpumpingofdepthintervalfrom526to1,120meters[Allunitsaremilligramsperliterunlessotherwiseindicated;dateofcollection,10/16/82]ChemicalconstituentsorphysicalpropertiesConcentrationorvalueBicarbonate(HC03),field182Calcium(Ca)4.
1Carbon-13/carbon-12(613C)2-7.
5Carbon-14(percentofmodernstandard)16.
3Chloride(Cl)7.
6Deuterium/hydrogen(62H)3-106Flouride(F)4.
7Lithium(Li,microgramsperliter)82Magnesium(Mg,microgramsperliter)90Oxygen-18/oxygen-16(6180)4-13.
8pH,laboratory8.
3pH,field8.
1Potassium(K)1.
3Residueonevaporation263Silica(Si02)48Sodium(Na)86Specificconductance,field(microsiemenspercentimeterat25°Celsius)379Strontium(Sr,microgramsperliter)8Sulfate(S04)29Temperature(degreesCelsius)37.
8Tritium(picocuriesperliter)<10Cations(milliequivalentsperliter)3.
996Anions(milliequivalentsperliter)4.
053Difference(percent)-0.
711ChemicalanalysismadebyU.
S.
GeologicalSurveylaboratory,Denver,Colorado.
Deviationofcarbon-13/carbon-12ratioofsamplefromPeedeebelemnitestandard(PDB)relativetoPDB,inpartsperthousand.
Deviationofdeuterium/hydrogenratioofsamplefromstandardmeanoceanwater(SHOW)relativetoSMOW,inpartsperthousand.
Deviationofoxygen-18/oxygen-16ratioofsamplefromstandardmeanoceanwater(SMOW)relativetoSMOW,inpartsperthousand.
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