Biennaning

GlossaryBaBuCJBalineseBurmeseChineseJavaneseadtzt(MlJ)ahmu-dan(Bu)athi(Bu)babad(J)bandar(Ba)bangsa(MlJ)bendahara(M)chungin(K)congdien(V)daga(Bu)han'gul(K)hulu(M)hulubalang(M)jajahan(M)kakawin(J)kidung(J)kyat(Bu)kyol(K)ladang(M)laksamana(M)KMSVKoreanMalaySpanishVietnameseCustomRoyalservicemenCommonersChroniclePortofficer,farmingportrevenuesDescent.
group,race,nation(Chief)ministerMiddlepeople,urbanmiddleclassCommonlandDonor,benefactor,e.
g.
ofapagoda(upaya-daga)KoreanalphabetHead,upriverHeadman,war-leaderFiefEpicpoemsinIndianmetresRomancesinJavanesemetricforms16.
3g;1kyat=4mat=8mu;kyatke=cur-rencyinstandardweightoffloweredsilverUnitofacreagefortaxationpurposeswhichyieldsacropequalto100chim[coolie-loads)or10,000chum[handfuls).
Thekyolsystemoperatedonthebasisofchargingthesameamountoftaxonfirst-ratedthroughtosixth-ratedarablelands,withthelandareadeterminedasfolIows:1stratedarableland=0.
99ha;2ndratedarableland=1.
16ha;3rdratedarableland=1.
41ha;4thratedarableland=1.
80ha;5thratedarableland=2.
47ha;6thratedarableland=3.
95haNon-irrigatedfield,usuallyrotatedwithforestNavalcommander444lontar(JIM)mau(K)myo(Bu)nanyang(C)negeri(M/J)ngawula(1)orangkaya(M)oranglaut(M)paya-kyun(Bu)peranakanpikul(Picul)(M/J)phucanh(V)perahu(M)priyayi(1)puputan(Ba)raja(M)rial(S)santri(1)sarong(M)shirhak(sirhak)(K)sok(K)sudagar(11M)syahbandar(M)tapa(1)tani(JIM)tarikat(M)thet-kayit(Bu)thu-gaung(Bu)thu-gyi(Bu)trang(V)tripang(M)ulama(M)vanmieu(V)viss(Bu)GlossaryPalm-leaf(manuseript)0.
36haDistrict;myo-thu-gyi=distriethead'SouthSeas',orSoutheastAsiaState,cityServiceofthekingRiehman,merehant-aristoeratSeapeoplePagodaslaves445Locally-bomdeseendentsofChinese,patemalonlyAman'sload;ameasureofweightwidespreadineastemAsia,eontaining100catties,andstand-ardisedinnineteentheenturyat133113Ibavoir-dupoisor60.
4kgLandownedbythoseoutsidethevillageGeneraltermforavarietyofsailingvesselsoftheArehipelagoHereditaryaristoerat-offieialsRitualizedsuieidalattaekKingSpanishdollar,weighingaeonsistent25.
5gofsilverthroughtheperiod1600-1840Adepts,studentsofIslam,seholarsWrap-aroundlowergarmentPraetieallearningMeasureofvolume,notablyriee;equals120litresMerehantHarbourmaster,supervisoroftradeAseeticism,meditationFarmerMysticalorderinIslam(Arabic:tarika)Written,datedeontraet(literally,[Burmese]year)LandlordHeadman,hereditaryofficialEstateSeaslug,bechedemerIslamiereligiousteaehers(pluralofArabicalim)TempleofliteratureWeightusedinSouthemIndiaandBurmaequaltoabout1630gmor3112lb:1viss=100kyat446wayang(MlJ)yangban(K)yang-di-pertuan(oryamtuan)(M)yang-di-pertuanmuda(M)GlossaryDrama,especiallyshadow-theatreGentry,hereditaryaristocracy'Hewhoislord',ruler.
juniorruler,under-king.
IndexAbdulSamadal-Palimbani,17,200Aceh,7,9,17,20-1,38-44,65-8,77,187,195,235,249,406;decline21,217,224;expansion,235;literature,17;pepperproduction,38-9,72-3;rajaofSusoh,73;sultan,246adat,47,330,336-7agriculture,10,74,97-8,141,145,150,208,317,369,380,412,418;agriculturalists,86;changes,249;commercial,33,40;cultivation,107-9,171-2;development,120;expansion,232,254;extension,33;farmland,254;production,105,134,144,149,180,307;products,118,177,389-90;technology,3,11,29,33,113,124,302,306,316Agung,SultanofMataram(1613-46),6,47,329,331AhmadTajuddin,SultanofPalembang(1757-74),190,194,197-8,203Airlangga,329Alaung-hpaya,KingofBurma(1752-60),31AmangkuratI,KingofMataram(1646-77),47Amarapura,15,30Ambon,372,378;Ambonese,324-5America(UnitedStates00,3,39,73;American,72-4,247-8,425;trade,11,39,42,72-4,67,233;seealsoUnitedStatesAmoy(Xiamen),66,69,86,89Ampenan,356-7,392-3,398,402-6AnakAgungG'de,395-6,seealsoRatuAgungAgungNgurahKaragasemAnakAgungK'tut,403-5AnakAgungMade,403Angkor,6-7Anglo-BurmeseWar,31,36,45,171,176AnglurahGedeKarangasem,360-1AnglurahKetutKarangasem,359-60animism,40,271-2Ansong,122Anurebellion,437-8Arabia,40,251,333;Arab,17,198-9,207,225-7,398;agriculture,254;coffee,60;immigration,40,48;monopoly,233;population,200;traders,197;Arakan,20,36,159art,5,14,18,41,314-16,350;artists,314-15,426;drama,315;painting,15,314ArungBakung,369,380-2ArungPalaka,376Asahan,63,227-8,232,235;trade,231Assam,36Ava,15,19,30,48,177,180;dynasty,175;seealsoKon-baungAyutthaya,6,8,10,15,19,28,30,85,95,156Babad,330,332;historiography,338Baabullah,SultanofTemate,374Bacan,378Badon,KingofBurma(1782-1819),157,159,162-3,167-70,175,177,179Badung(Bali),1,346,356-9,362Bajo,372,381Bali,1-2,9,16-19,21,39,41,43,67,75,207,345-63,389;agriculture,357;BalineseinLombok,7,392-407;dynasty,7;economy,356-7;history,345-63;literature,348,351,352,354,360-3;market,356;merchant,332;population,350;rajas,389-406;trade,357bamboo,138,191,199,221,231,306,325Banda,205bandars,357,393,398-9;seealsoChinesetradefarmersBanggai,370-7,380,382Bangka,12,40,46,71,88,90-8,191-8,202,206;miners,92Bangkok,12,30-7,42,48,69-71,281,429-9;dynasty,8,19;population,15,34;seealsoChakriBangIi,359bangsa,322,328-9,334,338Banten,87,193barley,116-17,137-8,306Batak,224,231-2447448IndexBatavia(Jakarta),11,19,65-71,75-6,87,93,188,193,196,199,203-4,250,335,373,398,402-3Battambang,437BatuBara(Sumatra),65,220,224,227-8,232,235Bayinnaung,KingofBurma(1551-81),59,156beans,116-17,177,255Beijing(Peking),71,251,277,308,313Belitung,191,194-5,202-3Bengal,62,67,76,224Bengkalis,220-2,233-7Bengkulen,73,196benzoin,232bezoarstones,219-21,236BienHoa,283BinhDinh,252,276Bintan(Island),88,94-5,97,193,219;seealsoRiaubirds'nests,191Blambangan,346-7Bodawhpaya,KingofBurma(1781-1819),31,47Bone(Sulawesi),9,21,195,367-8,373-5,381-2Bomeo,12,38-43,69,71,86,88,92-8,226,232,260,378BowringTreaty,398brass-ware,122Britain,3,20,61,247,402,425;British,10,28,40-6,67-77,97-8,234-5,378,395,403;colonialauthority,6,153,160,175,180,230,233;military,11,204;settlement,98;StraitsSettlements,58,228;trade,226;traders,11,33,35,38-9,62-3,76,204,223-4;seealsoEnglishBrunei,6,7,12,71-3,88,95,221Buantan,221Buddhism,40,251,257,271;inVietnam,279-90;inSiam,430-40;Buddhist,15,17,159,165,249,312,329Bugis,17,41-6,65,97-8,195-8,203,221-6,357,368,399;leadership,207;migrants,204;military,373;miners,90;traders,63-6,193,372-8,381-2BuiVien,416-17BukitBatu,220-1,236-7Buleleng,346-7,355,359,394BuluCina,231-2Bungku,seeTambukuBurma,5,7,12-21,27-47,59,66,75,153,156-80,429,431-6;Burmese,12,30-48,85,95,427,438;art,15;Buddhism,162,176;cotton,33;historiography,9;literature,15;militaryregime,9;population,172;rebellions,10;regression,180;wars,439;seealsoKon-baungBurmese-Siamesewars,36Buton,370-1,373,379,381,384n.
6;cotton,379;settlements,373Cakranagara(Lombok),19,66,354,360,392,395,401-2,404-5Calcutta,19,66Cambodia,5-9,20,33,36,68-75,85,191,194,205,413,429-30,437-9camphor,219,221,232Canton(Guangzhou),61-71,415CaoAnu,433,437-8capitalism,2-3,8,78,125,228,245cashcropping,39,87cassia,39,232,237,249Catholicism,11,85,124,133,300,313cattle,161,177Celebes,seeSulawesiCelebesSea,41centralization,6,10,19,21,43,47,361Ceram,378-9Ch'on-t'aek,315Ch'ungch'ong,109,113,118,307Chakri(Bangkok)dynasty,27,30,31,45,69-70,429Champa,6,256-7Champassak,430,437-8Chams,257,279,285,288,290Chantaburi,71,73,85,95ChiangMai,431-4,437-40China,7,11,14,28-46,59-62,66-75,85-8,94-9,103,117,124,191,194,202,208,217,223-4,248-62,270,275,278,287,299-317,357,398-400,417,429-30,436;Chinese,13-17,32-47,61-72,84-100,144,175,191-207,228-36,269-88,303-16,322-9,372,416,431;commerce,19,70;coolies,87-99,259;economy,13,85;literature,4,251-2;market,33,38,40,44,71,95,99,371;merchants,40,46,69,85,88,94,177,253;migration,12,27,34,39,83-4,86,194-5,437;mining,46,71,88,92,99,259;population,4,12-13,28,34,87,97,194,259;rulers,6,28,87,124,246,248,252;Index449settlements,83-98;tea,38,60-1;trade,12,33,38,44,59,75,86,87,99,193--6,198,228,230,.
253,378,seealsojunks;tradefarmers,392,398,seealsobandarsChineseWar(inJava),87,335Chinju,122Cholla,109,111,113,118ChongYag-yong,313-14Chongjo,KingofKorea(1724-76),309-12,316Chonju,122Chosondynasty(1392-1910)inKorea,8,103-26,299-317Christianity,63,208,246,252;inVietnam,279,413-20ChuVanAn,285Chulalongkorn,KingofSiam(RamaV),21,421cinnamon,59cities,15,17-18,118,120,122-3,307-9climate,103-7,136,140cloth,39,44,60,66,70,76,176-7,191,194,198-9,217,222-37,306;imports,76-8,170,237,399cloves,59--60coal,138Cochinchina(Dang-trong),59,68,75,253,270-1,277-9,282,286-9,412coffee,38-9.
60-72.
219.
232-7.
249.
356;exports,236;trade,233Cokorda,393-5colonialism,28,339,345,349,412,425;anti~olonialism,188;colonialhistoriography,2,5-7,275,339-40;decolonization,340commerce,6,8,27-9,37,57-8,64,69-71,97,99,180,191-4,208,222,232,253,415,418;development,262;domestic,39;expansion,28,32,40-1,58,62,254,259;international,44,60,70,259commercialization,3,10,21,78,117Confucianism,15-7,123,248--64,277-90,300-17,411-21;neo-Confucianism,16,32,37,40,48,123,263,266,269-70,275-86,301,314congdien,134,145,151copper,59,86,90,93,259;seealsomoneycopra,382corn,seemaizeCoromandelcoast,77,236cosmology,15cotton,28-9,39,75,116-17,125,177,201,237,307,379currency,121,125,157;coinage,121,163.
173-9,259--63DaNang,414,418dammar,382DangHuyTm,415-16Dang-trong,seeCochinchinaDanishtraders,63,74,223Dayak,92Deli(Sumatra),73,224,227,231,235,237DewaAgungofKlungkung,346,350-1,358--60,364(n.
12)DewaAgungSakti,353DinhVanDien,414-15Dipanagara,Pangeran,7,47,48,340DoanKhue,414-15DongZhongshu,278dragon'sblood,219,224,232Dutch,2,5--6,17-20,38-48,58-77,87-98,124,188-208,219,223-38,322,326-40,345--62,367-8,373-82,389,390,394-407;administration,222;artists,255;commerce,97,223;BastIndiaCompany(VOC),ll,41,58--62,65,72--6,97,187-8,190--6,200-8,223-4,235,348,370-8;BastIndies,339;history,339;Indies.
328;military,1,235,348,358,362,403-4;monopoly,58-9,76,97,193,196,224,227;settlements,11;seealsoNetherlandseagle-wood,220economy;ofBurma,31--6,156-190;cash,151;change,4,19,27,29,245-9,258,300,390,401,437;ofChina,13,85;decline,316;development,43,305,309,414,418;growth,9,11-14,32-5,57,60-78,91,95-7,246,251-7,263,265,389,400-1;ofJava,39-40,71-2;ofKorea,103-23,125--6,299-309;peasant,155;ofVietnam,245;seealsoagriculture,commerceEdo,3-4,8,14;seealsoTokugawaelephants'tusks,224,228;seealsoivoryEnglish,17,38,45--6,59-77,188,326-38,356,418;EastIndiaCompany,61,196;seealsoBritishentrepts,41-3,63,65,66,188,238450Indexexports,11,33,38,57,60-2,89,207,219-22,224,228,231,234,237,263,356-7,371,378-9,389,392-'3,399-400;boom,75;growth,67,71-5,78;value,74;seealsotradeFafontofure,373,375firearms,19,41,44,59,70,196,199,393;flintlocks,35;muskets,203;rifles,394,399,401,404;swivelguns,203,230;seealsoweaponryfish,191,217,220forestproduce,38,41,66,191,193,195,207,217,219,220,222-4,228,231-2,236;export,221forests,38,219;hinoki,138;pine,138;seealsotimber,woodFormosa,seeTaiwanFrance,20,61,326,425;French,1,5,7,28,36,61-3,133,188,196,250,255,266,270,275,283,317,325,337,411-14,416-18,420-2,438;colonialism,261;govemment,417;revolution,425Fujian,59,69,71,86GajahMada,345,390gambier,38-40,71-2,86,88,90-9,219,228,232,236-7Gelgel(Bali),345-6,350-3GiaDinh,75,273,283,287,418Gia-Iong,EmperorofVietnam(1802-20),31,251-2,263,269-75,278,280-7,411-12Gia-mieu,272GiantiTreaty,9-10Gianyar,359ginger,117ginseng,306-7Giri(Java),47gold,43,66,86,88-94,201,223-6,261-2;imports,223;mining,97-8,371;trade,219Gorontalo,372-5Guangdong,69,71,256,259Guangzhou,seeCantonGuizhou,28Gujarat,76,324gunpowder,35,196,206,393-4,399guns,seefirearmsGustiK'tutKarangasem,RajaofMataram(Lombok),392-5GustiNgurahK'tut,RajaofLombok(1839-70),396guua-percha,222,237HaBac,136HaTien(Kangkau),20,70-1,194,205HaTinh,133HaiDuong,136,137,276Hakka,92Han'gulscript,315,319n.
29Hamgyong,109,111,113Hamhung,123handicrafts,29,120-5,199Hanoi,8,15,138,254,276,281,284-5herbs,medicinal,118,306-8Hinduism,15,17,335,401historiography,2-7,28,48,187-8,245-66,269,330,338-40,389-90,425,433,436;genealogies,256;periodization,208HoQuyLy,252,262HoXuanHong,16HoangNguPhuc,283HoiAn(Faifo),71,253-4Hokkien,46-7,seealsoFujianHolland,seeNetherlandsHolyWar,48honey,219-21Hue,9,12,29-30,34,37,48,75,246,248,263,276-89,418Hwanghae,109,113IdaGedeRaiofBanjar,359IdaRatu,393,396Illanun,98,204imports,33,57,60,62,66,75,223,230,236,258,357,399;seealsotradeInderagiri,205-6,217,219,223-4India,44-5,62-3,66,70,77,99,191,250,256,350,355,378,431;cloth,59-62,69,76,196;literature,15;opium,60;traders,193,224,324-5indigo,39,60,356industrialization,125,259,317inflation,29Iranun,378,383iron,191,217,222,259,371IrrawaddyRiver,29,33-5,43,169-70,177,179IskandarMuda,SultanofAceh(1607-36),6,42Islam,10,17,40,194,198-200,246,249,251-2,261,266,328-29,332,334,337,348,352,372-3,406;Kabah,331;pilgrimage,200;Index451rebellion,47-8;Sayids,197,200;Sufism,200;seealsoKoran,Mecca,Muslim,Padri,WahhabiIsmail,RajaofSiak(1770--1781),225-6ivory,219-22,231-2,236-7;seealsoelephanttusksJailol0,Raja,375,379Jakarta;seeBataviaJambi,65,91,207,223Japan,2-4,20--1,58,60-1,103,lIl,117,253,299-301,304,307-8,317,398,417,421;colonialism,2,126;Hideyoshi,299;historiography,3-4,5,8;market,61;Meiji,401,421;militaryoccupation,340;monopoly,300;Tokugawa,3-4,8,14,58,60,103,124-5,259Java,6-12,15,17-18,20,39-46,59,61-77,87,93,191-207,224,228,230,321-40,348-68,376,427,432,440;adat,334;dances,199;economy,39-40,71-2;govemment,45,204;historiography,329-40;imports,230;literature,321-40,351,354;military,335;pilgrims,200;population,39-40,87;wayang,199;writers,17,45JavaWar,43,47,336Jembrana,359Jenggala,323Jesuitmissionaries,124Jogjakarta,seeYogyakartaJohor,89,93,187,193-5,217-25;authority,221;migrants,220;jurisdiction,222jungle,seeforestsjunks(Chinese),33,35,69,70--1,85,87,194,196,376Kabun,219Kadiri(Java),354,356Kaesong,118,120--3,307lwkawin,17,340n.
2,354-5,360--3Kalengsusu(Buton),379-80Kaliyuga,330Kalukubulang,377Kampar(Sumatra),221,231,236Kanggyong,118,122KanghwaTreaty,317Kangwon,109,lIl,Il3Karangasem(Bali),346-7,354-5,359-62,392-3KaroBataks,73Kartasura,335Kedah,9,12,41-2,48,95,98,196,223-4;entrept,66Kelantan,71,88,92,95Kendari(Sulawesi),374-5,381-2Khmer,19,29,37,430KiaiGede,91kidung,323,353,355,362KimSu-jang,315King,GeorgePockock,392-3,394-6KinhBac,136Klungkung,346-7,350,353,355,357-63;dynasty,345Komering(Sumatra),201-2Kon-baung(Ava)dynastyofBurma(1752-1885),27,30--2,35-6,42,45,153-80Konawe,372,380Kongju(Korea),122kongsi,89,93-9,194Koran,200,245,329;seealsoIslam,Mecca,MuslimKorea,5-6,8,10,13-16,19-21,103-29,299-317,417;climate,103-7;monarchy,58;population,111-13,122-3;trade,)18-23,300,307-8;writers,15,3Il-16Koryo,311Krawang,87Kuantan(Sumatra),217,236Kubu,222,231Kuta(SaH),356-9,392;KutaPeace,348Kyonggi(Korea),109,111,113,122,307Kyongjong,KingofKorea(1720--24),309Kyongsang,109,111,113,118,122,307lacquer,70,122,199,224Lampung,201LanNa,36,431landabandonment,133-51;accumulation,170;alienation,172;arable,109,111;categories,107,171-2;distribution,144;donations,252;glebe(religious),34,162,165,166,168,175;mortgage,157-79;official,172,174-5;ownership,161,175,397;private,147-8,150,166,168,172,175;privatization,167,175,178-9;productivity,113,Il7-18,125;reform,252,313,316;registration,145;royal,34;system,452Indexlandabandonment-continued123,145;tax,254;tenure,165,175,180,361;transactions,170,175landholding,134,139,144-51LangSon,135-7,146Lange,Mads,392,396Langkat(Sumatra),231,235Lanona,373,375,379,382Lao,19,36,258,429-30,435-8;population,437Ledynasty,261,263,265LedynastyinVietnam(1418-1804),137,150,270,276-7,281-2,284LeQuyDon,253,255-8LeThanh-ton,6,285Le-Trinhgovernmentin(northern)Vietnam,259-61LeubeDapa,73Iignumaloe,219Lingga,207,234literacy,14,17,32,35,199,361,430literati,30,255,260,278,279,283,284,285literature,11,14-18,41,46,250,252,256,422,426;censorship,312;c1assicism,251;c1assics,270,288,312,313,314;drama,15;encyclopedia,256,265;interpretation,275,312;Javanese,17,199,321-40;Korean,15,311-16;kraton,40;Malay,17,199-200;manuscripts,349,354,360-1,426,433-4;Palembang,17,199-200;poems,315,322,355;printing,17,312;prose,15,258,315,352;Sanskrit,250,323;Thai,14-15,430-5;translation,275;Vietnamese,15-16,279,283-5,413,416Lombok,7,9,17,19-21,39,41,75,347,354,356-63,389-406;historiography,389;population,399LuangPrabang,430,434,437-8Luwuk(Sulawesi),374,377Macao,66,415Madras,76Madura,43,207Magindanao,378-83Mahabharata,331,335Mahmud,RajaofSiak(1746-60),223-5,227MahmudBaha'uddin,SultanofPalembang(1774-1804),193,196,199-200,203-4MahmudBadaruddin11,SultanofPalembang(1804-13,1818-21),88,91,94,188-90,197,204Mahmud,SultanofJohor(1685-1699),220Mahmud11,SultanofJohor,65,89MahmudIII,SultanofJohor98maize,177,255-7,325,379Majapahit,7,345,351-2,354-6,371,390Makasar,195,196,367-8,372,374-7,380;traders,372,381;raiders,375-7,387MalaccaStraits,19,62-6,69,191,193,196-7,203-4,228Malay,32,72,78,83,86-7,90-8,190,203-4,220-5,232,236-7,327,437;authority,219;decline,6;Iiterature,17,199-200;mining,90;monopoly,233;planters,72,92;populace,221-2;population,43;statecraft,222,225;states,5,32,40-8,62-68,78,198,217-38;traders,198,220,230,233MalayanPeninsula,36,42,67-9,73,98,191,201Maluku(Moluccas),378,382Mampura,225Manchu,seeQingdynastyMandalay,246Mandar,195,198,372-6;miners,95Mangkubumi,SultanofYogyakarta(1755-92),329,331Manila,11,19,61,69,75,95Manipur,10,29,36Mansur(Ibrahim),SultanofAceh(1838-71),20,42MansurSyah,SultanofMelaka(d.
1417),219market,3,39-40,60,62,72,76,87,89-91,93,96,99,118,120-2,125-6,177,191,198,224,231-2,236,253-4,307-8,311,339,356,370-2,382,398,400,437;ethnic,46;free,67;integration,35;internal,220,225;international,4,62,219,317;rural,33;urban,33;western,99Marxisthistoriography,3,7-8,14Mataramkingdom(Java),10,43,329,331,335-6,354Mataramdynasty(Lombok),19,358-61,363,389-406Mecca,40,48,200,266;pilgrimage,249,251;seealsoIslam,Koran,MuslimIndex453Medan(Sumatra),73Meijidynasty,seeJapanMekongdelta,12,20,29,34,36-7,40,248,253MekongRiver,33,36,70,437Melaka(Malacca),73,88,98;British,42,73,196-7;Dutch,62-8,201,223-4,228-30;exports,224;sultanate,6,46,217-18,220;trade,62-5,193,223,225,228-31,233-4,237;seealsoMalaccaStraitsMengwi(Bali),346-7,355,359Mentuk,198merchants,seetradersmetals,34,35,121,199migration,29,33,38,84,86,94-5,122-5,195,200-1,221,248;coolie,86military,29,44,250;administration,411;armies,31,262,300,374;expenditure,401;leaders,30;technology,19;war,20,34,59,65-72,93,98,107,115,159,176,179,222-3,322,326,336,370--6,381,389-96,403--6,411-22,437;seealsoweaponry,firearms,steamshipsmillet,116,125,137-8,306Minangkabau,20,39-40,47,65,91,196,217,219-28,236,245,249,251;migrants,91,201,221,227;trade,219,221,232Minbu,157Mindanao,41Mindon,KingofBurma(1853-78),9,20,158-9,175Mingdynasty(1368-1644)inChina,84,284,299-300Minh-mang,EmperorofVietnam(1820-41),20,31-2,37,70,246,248-50,252,255,262-3,270,280,284--6,287,288,411-13mining,89-91,95,124,194,258--61;miners,12,40,86,88-97,202;mines,29,38,95,260,261;techniques,90,seealsocopper,gold,iron,silver,tinMondono,371,374,377monetization,34-5,157-9,175,179,180money,29,39,121,161-8,171,174-80,261-2,307,324,327,383,399;circulation,180;copper,157;paper,262;silver,157;system,124,263money-Iending,120,155-74,180monopolies,6,35,59--62,67,70,72,76,120-1,125,177,179,193,198,221-3,231,236,313,399;seealsoArabia,Dutch,Japan,MalayMons(ofLowerBurma),10,29,32,37MuhammadAli,RajaofSiak(1765-79),225-7,230Mughals,10Muna,381MunshiAbdullah,17,230Muslim,27,38,40,44-8,61,92,194,249,339;rebelsinLombok,402-4;seealsoIslam,Koran,MeccaNagasaki,58Naju(Korea),122Nan,431-2,436-8Naning,224Nanyang,33,69,85NapoleonicWars,188,426,428Narai,KingofSiam(1657-88),59,432narcotics,60;seealsoopiumNarmada(Lombok),402nationalism,38;nationalisthistoriography,7-9,390Netherlands,59,188,196,204,340,402,425;seealsoDutchNetherlandsIndies,99,402--6;army,390;government,389,398,402-4,406NewEngland,73,248NgheAn,133,276Ngoc-Tu,Princess,287NguyenAnh,75;seeGia-IongNguyenDangGiai,280,290NguyenDangTuan,280Nguyendynasty(1802-82)inVietnam,7-8,9,12,30-2,36-7,42,45,68,70,75,85,137,145,246,248,251-4,263--6,269-90,411-20NguyenHoang,274,287NguyenLoTrach,414-15Nguyenlords.
ofDang-trong(Cochinchina)(17th-18thcenturies),28,29-30,68,253,259,279NguyenPhucKhoat,249NguyenPhucTan,288NguyehTruongTo,414-15,417-20,422NguyenVanThanh,252,281,283NinhHai(Haiphong),416nipahpalm,191Nuku,princeofTidore,378-9nutmeg,59,237oil,176,177onions,177454Indexopium,41,44,60-70,76,94,98-9,196,201-2,222-33,236,333,337,400;import,233,399OpiumWar,398oranglaut,98,191,203,204,220,224,227P'yongan,109,113,122P'yongyang,ll8,120,122,123,307Padang(Sumatra),233Padrimovement(Sumatra),40,47,235,249-51Pagan,6,7,156,165;dynasty,170,period,160,165,169,180Pagarruyung(Sumatra),219-20Pagesangan(Bali),392,405Pagutan(Bali),392Pakubuwono,Susuhunan,200Palembang,7,9,12,17,20,40-2,46,65,88,90-7,187,197-209,223,230,233;economy,203,206;entrept,207;history,206,209;trade,196,199,207,208Palu,376Panai(Sumatra),64-5,231,232Pandawas,331PangkalanKotaBarn,232paper,40,121,306Parigi,374Pasai(Sumatra),65Pasemah(Sumatra),201-3Patani,42Patapahan(Sumatra),219,224;trade,225Payakumbuh(Sumatra),232peas,177peasantry,7,339,397;Burmese,159-69,175-80;Korean,ll6-17,121-6,303,307,313-17;Vietnamese,133-51,254-5,260;seealsolandpeddlers,121,194Pegu,6PekanBaru(Sumatra),227,232,237-8Peking,seeBeijingPelalawan(Kampar,Sumatra),221,226,233-7pepper,38,42,59,94,177,198-9,201,203,228,231,235-6,249;exports,38-9,60,67,71,73,88,193,219,231;plantations,72-3,85-6,89-92,97-9,195-8,217Perak,88,90,97,217,223-4,226peranakan(Chinese),47,88,92-6,194-5PhamPhuThu,421PhanHuyChu,250-2,259-66PhanLiem,414-15PhanThanhGian,1-2PhanThucTru'c,281Philippines,11-12,39,61,67,71-2,75,85,95,99,378PhnomPenh,437-8Phrre(Siam),431,434phucanhricefields,145-51Phu-xuan,289Phuket,66,71,88,95pigs,39,356Piju,392Pinang(Penang),38-9,42,44,65-9,73,77,196,226,228,231-6;govemment,231,233;merchants,39,232piracy,6-7,42,44,98,203-4,208,226-7,233-4,369,374-6,382;anti-piracy,42,227;IIanun,204politicaleconomy,35,46,228,369Pontianak,69,95,97,98population,4,10-12,15,27,29-32,57,59,85-97,160,172,179-80,198,208,219,221,236,301-11,337,369,370,373,380,393,399;census,Ill,133,179,304;density,113;growth,10,28-9,32-3,35,39-40,78,111,125,133-4,150,180,378,389,399,401;Korean,107,109,111-13,122-3,125-6;overpopulation,33,133-4;registers,33,lll,264;stagnation,111,126,133,151;urban,122-3,128n.
30,307,308,315;Vietnamese,133-4,150-1porcelain,191,194,199Portuguese,59,63,219potatoes,sweet,29,255pottery,121,138,306;seealsoporcelainprinting,17,426priyayi,321,325,332-8Protestantism,248,252puputan,1-2,21-2,359Pusan,300,307QienlongEmperorofChina(1736-95),ll,13Qing(Manchu)dynasty(1644-1911),84-6,94,103,260,300-1QuangNam,253,279QuangNinh,136,137QuangTri,287Index455QuangTrung(TaySonruler),8,276,278QuangYen,137,138Quangdong,61;seealsoCantonRadenKajoran,47raiding,369-70,372-3,376-83railways,57RajaAlamofSiak,223-8RajaHajiofRiau,65,98RajaKecilofSiak,22~,227RamaI,KingofSiam(1782-1809),8,12,31,69Rama11,KingofSiam(1809-24),31Rama111,KingofSiam(1824-51),70,433,438Ramayana,245Ranau(Sumatra),202Rangoon,34;entrept,66rattan,191,206,219,228,232,236,237,382RatuAgungAgungNgurahKarangasem,RajaofLombok(1870-94),390,396-405RatuGustiNgurahPanji,RajaofKarangasem-Lombok(1835-38),393-5RatuNgurahPanji,RajaofKarangasem-Lombok(d.
1835),392-3Rawas(Sumatra),199-202rebellion,7,10,28-9,31,47,190,260,272,277,282,309,331-2,340,345-6,359,378,437;CaoAnu,437-9;Chinese,91-3;EastSasak,402-6;Padri,40,47,235,249,251;Taiping,99;TaySon,10,29,75,95,271,273,278,287;Tonghak,126,316;Trunajaya,335RedRiver,255,270RedRiverDelta,133refugees,368,378,380religion,15-18,37-8,40,245-50;seealsoBuddhism,Catholicism,Christianity,Confucianism,Hinduism,Islam,Protestantism,resins,191,219,224,237RestorationmythinVietnam,270-89revolution,247,425;French,3rhinoceroshorn,70,219,237Riau,12,17,38,40,42,44,63,65-7\,88,90-8,190-6,203,207,217,221-8,368;entrept,65,67RiauArchipelago,72,220Riau-Johor,9,12,41-3,46,65,71,73rice,10,29,38-9,60,70,75,91,116-17,125,134-51,159-60,176,191,194,201,226,228,236,254-7,302-8,325,356-7,380,389-400;exports,75,217,399-400;imports,33;paddy,161-9,173-7,236,254;production,75,86,113,306,400Rokan(Sumatra),220rubber,75Sado,309saffron,228Sagaing,KingofBurma(1819-37),158,167-8sago,219,380Saigon,1,12,69-75,417;seealsoGiaDinhsalt,66,70,161,177,191,197-8,206,217,222,230,236,257SalweenRiver,36Samal,46Sambas,95-8Sangju(Korea),122Sanskrit,seeliteraturesantri,40,47,324,329,336-8Saraburi,437Sarawak,99Sasak,7,397,399;population,402,404;rebellion,397,402-6SayidAbdulal-Rahman,226,234SayidAbdullah,233SayidAhmad,234SayidAkil,235SayidAli,197,227-34SayidAlwi(TengkuLungPutih),234SayidHussainAidit,235SayidIbrahim,235SayidUthmanSyahabuddin,226-7SayidZin,233-4seaproduce,38,41,193-5,207,217-19,221,236;pearls,378,380;seaweed,191,220,306,378;shells,191;seealsofishSejong,KingofBurma(1418-50),6,319(n.
26)Selangor,44,63,65-6,226Seoul(Soul),15,111,113,118,120,122-3,307-8Serdang(Sumatra),227,231-2,235settlements,29,33,35,83-98,140-1,226,233,369-82;kongsi,89-96Shan,19,29,36,177,430;merchants,177ship-building,69,233,237shipping,11,62-71,205-8,227-33,456Indexshipping-continued254,307;Acehnese,66;American,39,67,73,417;Arab,66,197,208,230;British,ll,39,62,65-6,196,226,394;Bugis,65-6,195;Chinese,11,28,63-70,208;Danish,65,67;Dutch,58,65,67,196,394;European,20,61,63,67,69,196;Fren.
:h,65-6;Indonesian,63;Japanese,300;Javanese,197;Makasar,195;Malay,11,65,66,197,230;Palembang,194,196,203;Portuguese,58,65-6;Sulawesi,195-6;seealsojunksShwebo,KingofBurma(1837-46),158,167-8Shirhak,seeSirhakSiak,9,12,18-19,28,41,63-7,98,187,197,217-38;piratestate,217;trade,224-35Siam,8-21,27-48,59-78,85,99,398,411,413,437-9;literature,15,35,430;military,35;settlements,95;statecraft,19-21,27,246,429-40;trade,191,194,206,208;seealsoThailandsilk,70,141,232silver,59,226,259,261-2;seealsomoneySingapore,20,38-9,42,44,93,98-9,207,228,232-7,356,374,378;trade,65-77,393,398-403Singasari,354Singora,seeSongklahsinicization,37,269-72,275,281,284-6SirhakthoughtinKorea,8,123-5,312-16SitiJenar,47slavery,6,38,46,61,87,90,96,195,203-4,232,356-7,369-71,378,416;inBurma,156-7,162-6,169-71,179;inKorea,123,125,301-4,309;slave-raiding,220Solo,406.
SonNamProvince,144-5SonTay,256Songdynasty(960-1126)inChina,85,257,262,264,284Songklah(Singora),98,237Soul,seeSeoulsoybeans,116Spain,11,38-48,85,95,421,425;Spanishdollars,62,66-75,236spices,60,195Srivijaya,7,188,221,228,232,390steamships,10,19-20,57,412stick-Iac,219,232sugar,38-9,60-2,70-2,85-9,97,175,228,255-6;cane,29,236;production,86Sukhothai,7Sulawesi(Celebes),9,18,41,195,207,367-83;migrants,198;traders,195,198Sulaiman,SultanofRiau(1722-60),223Sulu,9,11-13,19,21,28,38,41-2,71,98,200-1,217,369,370,374,378SuluSea,38,41Sumatra,38-40,43,65-8,72-3,86,188,191,195-6,200-2,207-9,217,224,231-8,245,249,251-2;Muslim,251;pepper,42SumatraTreaty,235Sumbawa,346,378Surabaya,196,205-6Surakarta,15,41,43,46,200,322-3,331Surat,224SyeikAbdulKadir,230T'ongyong(Korea),118,122Tabanan(Bali),359Taegu,118,122,123,308Taewon'gun,8,317Taipeople,18,32,37,429-40TaiYuan,430Taipingrebels,264Taiwan,61,84,86-8;settlements,89Tak(Thailand),434Taksin,KingofSiam(1767-82),12-31,31,85Tambuku(Sulawesi),369-75,378-83;agriculture,373;population,373Tamiang(Sumatra),72,217,221,227,231,235TamilSepoys,324TanahDatar(Sumatra),219TanjungKarang(Lombok),392Taosug,38,46,378Taratakbuluh,233Taung-ngu(Toungoo)dynasty(Burma),10,28-9,178,180;restored,156-7,169tax,29,31,34-5,39,41,91,105-9,118,145,159,165,169,174,176,232,254,259-64,287,301,306,310-17,324,382,437;collection,144;import,222;military,310;reform,37,310;revenue,109Index457tax-fanning,437TaySonrebeldynasty,7-8,29,137,139,249,251,274,276-80,282,288,411,413;seealsoQuang-Trung,rebelliontea,29,60-1,70,161,176-7,223;trade,258telegraphs,57Tempasuk,98Tenasserim,20TengkuHashimofPelalawan,226,234Teochius,61,73Terengganu,9,12,41,64,66-72,88,93,95,205,217,226Ternate,204,367,371-80,382textiles,seeclothThaiNguyen,136-7,256,259Thailand,8,14,180,349,421,428-40;Thai,46,83,427,430,433;literature,15,430-5;peasants,436;seealsoSiamThanhHoB,133,256,279,289Theravada(Buddhism),32,37,48thet-kayit(contracts)inBurma,155-77Thibaw,KingofBurma(1878-85),158,175Thieu-tri,EmperorofVietnam(1841-47),265,270,274,280,286,288-90Thonburi,8,30ThuanHoa,279Tiandihui,93Tidore(Maluku),378TienVu'o'ng,272timber,219,223,228,233;seealsowood,foreststin,38-43,46,70,86,88,90-9,194-6,203-6,217,219,223-4,231;imports,223;mines,91,194;mining,90,94-5,97-8,191,193;trade,194,223,226Tiworo,381tobacco,29,38-9,117,125,176-7,201,228,235,237-8,258-60,307,389Tobelo,375,382Tobungku,seeTambukuTogean,375Tokugawaperiod(Japan),3,60,103;seealsoEdo,JapanToli-toli(Sulawesi),378,381-2Tong-so'n,272Tong-tinh,259Tonkin,34,59,245,254,256,259,412;mining,249tortoiseshell,191,371,378,:WSOToungoodynasty,seeTaung-ngutrade,27-45,58-78,84,86,98,118-25,161,170,177,179-80,193-209,223-37,250-63,300-9,369-83,412,418;Arab,197,225-6;bans,84;barter,177;Bugis,63-6,195-6;Chinese,11-14,63-71,94-100,194-5,228-32;European,70,196-7;external,27,227,356-7,392;foreign,34,58,121,180;free,237;growth,61-78;interior,29,222,223;international,44,59-60,191,237,357,361,389,393,398-401;junk,12,70-1,84,98;maritime,33,35,194,198,203,204;privileges,198;regional,191;routes,44,66;wholesale,120-1;seealsoexports,importstraders,12,15,17,41,58-60,86,97,118,120-6,191,194,199,223,308,322,371-6,381TrandynastyinVietnam,133,279,285TranThu'o'ng,283trangvillages,137,139,150Trat,85,95TreatyofLondon,402TrinhlordsinnorthernVietnam,12,28,30,86,93,253,276,279,283-4TrinhDang-Ngoai,279TrinhHoaiDuc,255tripang,371-2,378-381Trunajaya,Raden,47,336TruongQuocDung,255Tu-duc,EmperorofVietnam(1848-83),7,278,286-7,289,290,413,416-18,421-2tubers,379,380TuyenQuang,136,137UnitedStates,257,416-17,421,425;seealsoAmericavegetables,89,117,125,257,307Vientiane,430,433,437,439Vietnam,5-21,27-46,34-48,59-78,85-99,133-6,144,180,191,194,245-66,269-90,411-23,427,430,433,438;agriculture,149,254,255-6;culture,258;economy,245;government,144,252,262,263,265,270;governments,254;identity,257;landlords,253;literature,15-16,250,279,283-5,413,416;migration,133-50,248;mines,258;peasants,458IndexVietnam-continued145,254-5,260,278;tax,144-5,254,259--61,264,287Visayas,41VungBacSon,136VungTayBac,136Wahhabi,40,47,48WatPhraSing,434WatPhrachetuphon,433WatSungMen,434,435wax,191,219,221-2,224,231-7,371,380;beeswax,378weaponry,371,418,426;arms,223,230,232,234,400;cannons,1,35,203,230,401;kris,1,199,322,395;lances,395,405;spears,2;swords,371;seealsotirearmswomen,1-2,15-16,100,194,200-1,204,207,221,282,286-7,322-3,375,395,405;cult,279;traders,254;wives,253,258,274,286,301,325,351,395Wonsan,118wood,138,191,219,232,237;carving,199;gaharuwood,221;seealsoforests,timberWosu,373Xiamen,seealsoAmoyYahaya,RajaofSiak(1781-91),225-6,227,234yangban,301-16YasadipuraI,335Yasadipura11,322,328-39YenLangmine,138YiIk,313Yidynasty(Korea),310,312,300Yogyakarta,15,41,43,46,200,323,329,331,406Yongjo,KingofKorea(1776-80),309-11YongjoKim,315YuHyong-won,313Yudanagara,334Yunnan,28,75,86ZhengChenggong(Koxinga),59,84,87Zhouperiod,249