染色体电话渠道销售交银康联安畅无忧两全【PPT 技术总结

实验三蝗虫精母细胞减数分裂制片及观察4学时一、实验目的了解动物精母细胞减数分裂各时期的主要特点掌握动物精母细胞减数分裂染色体标本装片的制作技术。 比较植物材料和动物材料在制备染色体标本过程中的区别。 二、实验原理减数分裂是生物在性母细胞成熟时配子形成过程中发生的一种特殊的细胞分裂它包括连续两次的细胞分裂阶段第一次分裂为染色体数目的减数分裂第二次为染色体数目的等数分裂。两次分裂可根据染色体变化特点分为前期中期后期和末期由于第一次分裂前期较长而前期、 中期、后期和末期 由于第次分裂前期较长而且变化复杂故其前期又分为五个时期。在减数分裂过程中 同源染色体之间发生联会、交换和分离非同源染色体之间进行自由组合最终分裂成为染色体数目减半的四个子细胞。精卵细胞经过受精结合成为受精卵发育为新的个体这样又恢复了原有染色体的数目。 三、实验材料蝗虫精巢四、实验器具、药品试剂显微镜、载玻片、盖玻片、小镊子、剪刀、解剖针、大培养皿、酒精灯、吸水纸、甲醇、冰乙酸以及改良苯酚品红染液。五、操作步骤取材固定染色压片镜检1取材和固定将捉取或购回的雄性蝗虫如土蝗、负蝗等用卡诺氏固定液固定。 2染色将已固定好的雄性蝗虫取出放在培养皿中剪去翅膀在其翅的基部后方相当于腹部前端的背侧细心剪开体壁可见上方两侧各有一团黄色组织块即精巢。用小镊子夹取一小段管状精巢置于载玻片上用解剖针将其截成数小段加一滴改良苯酚品红染液染色10分钟左右。 3压片然后将盖玻片放在染色的材料上在酒精灯上轻轻掠过微微加热上覆吸水纸用大拇指重压使细胞和染色体散开。 4镜检将制成的玻片标本放在显微镜下观察即可看到减数分裂的各个时期及其染色体动态变化的特点。六、实验结果偶线期粗线期终变期中期Ⅰ中期Ⅱ精细胞、精子七、作业和思考1.绘制减数分裂的双线期、终变期、中期

I、后期I、中期Ⅱ、后期Ⅱ的染色体变化简图。 材材2.比较植物材料和动物材料在制备染色体标本过程中的区别。

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