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XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
1SQL,XQuery,andSPARQLWhat'sWrongWithThisPictureXQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
2JimMelton,OracleCorp.
Editor:allpartsofSQLstandardEditor:XQueryF&O,XQueryXCo-chair:W3CXMLQueryWGAuthor:5SQLbooks,forthcoming"QueryingXML"fromMorganKaufmannXQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
3QueryLanguages:SQL(SQLQueryLanguage)Alanguageforqueryingcollectionsoftuples:SELECTSALARY,HIRE_DATEFROMEMPSWHEREEMP_ID=13954EMP_IDNAMEHIRE_DATESALARY13954Joe2000-04-144800010335Mary1998-11-2352000…………04182Bob2005-02-1021750XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
4QueryLanguages:XQuery(XMLQuery)AlanguageforqueryingtreesofXDMnodes:for$eindocument(my_employees.
xml)where$emp/emp/@emp-id=13954return$emp/emp/salaryemp-id=13954Joe2000-04-1448000.
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XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
5CrossingDataModelBoundariesSQL/XMLEMP_IDNAMEHIRE_DATESALARY13954Joe2000-04-144800010335Mary1998-11-2352000…………04182Bob2005-02-1021750PublishingFunctionsXMLTableemp-id=13954Joe2000-04-1448000.
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XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
6RDF:CollectionsofTuples(ResourceDescriptionFramework)3-tuples:subject,predicate,objectemps:e13954HR:name'Joe'emps:e13954HR:hire-date2000-04-14emps:e13954HR:salary48000RDFinatable:TrivialSQLstatement:SELECTobjectFROMRDFtableWHEREsubject="emps:e13954"SubjectPredicateObjectemps:e13954HR:name'Joe'emps:e13954HR:hire-date2000-04-14emps:e13954HR:salary48000XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
7RDF:NotQuiteThatSimpleRDFcanindicatemembershipinclasses(emps:e13954rdf:typeHR:employee)RDFprefixesareshorthandforfullURIsRDFisagraphdatamodelHR:empemps:e13954emps:e10335dept:salesrdf:typerdf:typeHR:supervisesHR:managesHR:worksInHR:emprdf:typeXQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
8OWL(WebOntologyLanguage)AparticularvocabularyofRDFRepresentsmeaningsoftermsandrelationshipsbetweenterms:anontologyOWLaddstoRDF:–Relationsbetweenclasses–Cardinality–Equality–Moretypingofandcharacteristicsofproperties–EnumeratedclassesXQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
9RDFvsTheRelationalModelRelational–Flat,tabular,implicittyping(columndefinition)–Joinsusedtocombineinformationfromtables–Foreignkeys:semanticsandgraph-likestructure–Eachtable:manycolumns=manyattributesofobjectRDF–Maybeviewedasflat;explicittypingcommon–Explicitrelationshipsviapredicates–Inherentgraphstructureviolates"flatness"–TriplesformE-Rmodel(similartoatablew/2columns)XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
10RDFvsXDMXDM–Tree-structuredplussequencesofitems–Nosupportforexplicitrelationships(references)–Notuples,notlimitedbytuplesRDF–Networkofobjects;moregeneralthantrees–Relationships/referencesarethepointofRDF–TriplenaturecreatesplethoraoftinydataXQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
11QueryLanguages:SPARQL(SPARQLProtocolAndRDFQueryLanguage)Designedtoquerycollectionsoftriples……andtoeasilytraverserelationshipsVaguelySQL-likesyntax(SELECT,WHERE)"Matchesgraphpatterns"SELECTsalWHERE{emps:e13954HR:salarysal.
}XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
12SPARQLvsSQLSPARQLSELECTsalWHERE{emps:e13954HR:salarysal.
}SQLSELECTsalaryFROMemployeesWHEREemp_id='e13954'XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
13SPARQLvsSQLSPARQLSELECTid,salWHERE{idHR:salarysal}SQLSELECTemp_id,salaryFROMemployeesXQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
14SPARQLvsSQLSPARQLSELECThdateWHERE{idHR:salarysal.
idHR:hire_datehdate.
FILTERsal>=21750}SQLSELECThire_dateFROMemployeesWHEREsalary>=21750XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
15SPARQLvsSQLSPARQLSELECThdateWHERE{idHR:salarysal.
idHR:hire_datehdate.
FILTERsal>=21750}SQLSELECTv.
hire_dateFROMemp_varsASv,emp_constsAScWHEREv.
salary>=21750ANDv.
emp_id=c.
emp_idXQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
16ConclusionsSQL:Greatforfindingdatafromtabularrepresentations,cangetcomplexwhenmanytablesareinvolvedinagivenqueryXQuery:Greatforfindingdataintreerepresentations,cangetcomplexwhenmanyrelationshipshavetobetraversedSPARQL:Goodpatternmatchingparadigm,especiallywhenrelationshipshavetobeusedtoansweraquerySurprisingconclusion:SPARQLcanbetranslatedtoSQLandpossiblytoXQuery!
XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
17*,**"0&)10&)1/0&)'1"+'#23*45'#0&126'*'#6'4"70&),1"0&&1#''$&('"8$66$,9$*:96"#/0&@@1&0&(1"%"7*,*'F&(0&&(1"F&5H&(#$#"I'**2*''4"*6J$',0&)!
'*1I+HKH+;(HH$#,'I2#4'-9570&7)1''*'*''"H*-2'4.
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*9*'"J2/4.
'99**''**";'0&12'*#'$#4"$*$9*90&),*1+*'69,*'9MC2/4-,*2$CA@@@"@@4.
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1SQL,XQuery,andSPARQLWhat'sWrongWithThisPictureXQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
2JimMelton,OracleCorp.
Editor:allpartsofSQLstandardEditor:XQueryF&O,XQueryXCo-chair:W3CXMLQueryWGAuthor:5SQLbooks,forthcoming"QueryingXML"fromMorganKaufmannXQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
3QueryLanguages:SQL(SQLQueryLanguage)Alanguageforqueryingcollectionsoftuples:SELECTSALARY,HIRE_DATEFROMEMPSWHEREEMP_ID=13954EMP_IDNAMEHIRE_DATESALARY13954Joe2000-04-144800010335Mary1998-11-2352000…………04182Bob2005-02-1021750XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
4QueryLanguages:XQuery(XMLQuery)AlanguageforqueryingtreesofXDMnodes:for$eindocument(my_employees.
xml)where$emp/emp/@emp-id=13954return$emp/emp/salaryemp-id=13954Joe2000-04-1448000.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
5CrossingDataModelBoundariesSQL/XMLEMP_IDNAMEHIRE_DATESALARY13954Joe2000-04-144800010335Mary1998-11-2352000…………04182Bob2005-02-1021750PublishingFunctionsXMLTableemp-id=13954Joe2000-04-1448000.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
6RDF:CollectionsofTuples(ResourceDescriptionFramework)3-tuples:subject,predicate,objectemps:e13954HR:name'Joe'emps:e13954HR:hire-date2000-04-14emps:e13954HR:salary48000RDFinatable:TrivialSQLstatement:SELECTobjectFROMRDFtableWHEREsubject="emps:e13954"SubjectPredicateObjectemps:e13954HR:name'Joe'emps:e13954HR:hire-date2000-04-14emps:e13954HR:salary48000XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
7RDF:NotQuiteThatSimpleRDFcanindicatemembershipinclasses(emps:e13954rdf:typeHR:employee)RDFprefixesareshorthandforfullURIsRDFisagraphdatamodelHR:empemps:e13954emps:e10335dept:salesrdf:typerdf:typeHR:supervisesHR:managesHR:worksInHR:emprdf:typeXQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
8OWL(WebOntologyLanguage)AparticularvocabularyofRDFRepresentsmeaningsoftermsandrelationshipsbetweenterms:anontologyOWLaddstoRDF:–Relationsbetweenclasses–Cardinality–Equality–Moretypingofandcharacteristicsofproperties–EnumeratedclassesXQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
9RDFvsTheRelationalModelRelational–Flat,tabular,implicittyping(columndefinition)–Joinsusedtocombineinformationfromtables–Foreignkeys:semanticsandgraph-likestructure–Eachtable:manycolumns=manyattributesofobjectRDF–Maybeviewedasflat;explicittypingcommon–Explicitrelationshipsviapredicates–Inherentgraphstructureviolates"flatness"–TriplesformE-Rmodel(similartoatablew/2columns)XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
10RDFvsXDMXDM–Tree-structuredplussequencesofitems–Nosupportforexplicitrelationships(references)–Notuples,notlimitedbytuplesRDF–Networkofobjects;moregeneralthantrees–Relationships/referencesarethepointofRDF–TriplenaturecreatesplethoraoftinydataXQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
11QueryLanguages:SPARQL(SPARQLProtocolAndRDFQueryLanguage)Designedtoquerycollectionsoftriples……andtoeasilytraverserelationshipsVaguelySQL-likesyntax(SELECT,WHERE)"Matchesgraphpatterns"SELECTsalWHERE{emps:e13954HR:salarysal.
}XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
12SPARQLvsSQLSPARQLSELECTsalWHERE{emps:e13954HR:salarysal.
}SQLSELECTsalaryFROMemployeesWHEREemp_id='e13954'XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
13SPARQLvsSQLSPARQLSELECTid,salWHERE{idHR:salarysal}SQLSELECTemp_id,salaryFROMemployeesXQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
14SPARQLvsSQLSPARQLSELECThdateWHERE{idHR:salarysal.
idHR:hire_datehdate.
FILTERsal>=21750}SQLSELECThire_dateFROMemployeesWHEREsalary>=21750XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
15SPARQLvsSQLSPARQLSELECThdateWHERE{idHR:salarysal.
idHR:hire_datehdate.
FILTERsal>=21750}SQLSELECTv.
hire_dateFROMemp_varsASv,emp_constsAScWHEREv.
salary>=21750ANDv.
emp_id=c.
emp_idXQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
16ConclusionsSQL:Greatforfindingdatafromtabularrepresentations,cangetcomplexwhenmanytablesareinvolvedinagivenqueryXQuery:Greatforfindingdataintreerepresentations,cangetcomplexwhenmanyrelationshipshavetobetraversedSPARQL:Goodpatternmatchingparadigm,especiallywhenrelationshipshavetobeusedtoansweraquerySurprisingconclusion:SPARQLcanbetranslatedtoSQLandpossiblytoXQuery!
XQuerySPARQLSQL2005-11-16Copyright2005OracleCorp.
17*,**"0&)10&)1/0&)'1"+'#23*45'#0&126'*'#6'4"70&),1"0&&1#''$&('"8$66$,9$*:96"#/0&@@1&0&(1"%"7*,*'F&(0&&(1"F&5H&(#$#"I'**2*''4"*6J$',0&)!
'*1I+HKH+;(HH$#,'I2#4'-9570&7)1''*'*''"H*-2'4.
'##L.
9'97;I=I;7I"2)'4I'#*"DEFCGF@@A#>#/*"6249$'9H$6#6''9$#6'#62#/4.
*9*'"J2/4.
'99**''**";'0&12'*#'$#4"$*$9*90&),*1+*'69,*'9MC2/4-,*2$CA@@@"@@4.
'*)*2*4-2CEDA)@G)CA4.
"-0&)1.
F&2424&(2/4"+**+**8$'24.
"7,*9#9*#F;0&),*1'*&"DEFCGF@@A#>#/!
"#24>#-0&*)#10&*)#1.
&('-0&*)'10&*)'1.
0&)''1.
24*0&*)#10&*)#1*'$"I0&*)'10&*)'1*'$",!
-+"/+0"()1"/23"/+3//-+',/4"4+!
546/3',/4"4+3,!
-+"/+3"/+//-+3//-+',/4"4+3',/4"4+3,!
-+,!
-'#78#+"/+/,16"'"3"/+H(7HH+#C@A#///-+8$.
%%%%3//-+',/4"4+/24"(3',/4"4+3,!
-+3,!
-+',/4"4+',/4"4'#7$546/#+/"/(5#$%.
#3+3',/4"4+',/4"4/"/(5##3+3',/4"4+',/4"4'#*9#24"(#+/"/(5#$%.
#3+3',/4"4+3',/4"4++&,*>5!
:"5";'!
&:'"5";'!
&C@A#>*F'PC@A#>*F'PC@A@@@"@@*>C@A#>*F'P**>C*>E#>*F'P**>E#>*F'PECA@@"@@*>E#>*F'P**>NF'P""""""*>C#>*F'PADEFCGF@@A#>#/7&4//-61C'B;,!
-3&!
0"A''B;',/4"43&!
0"A/"/(D***2*'4'/9**#9#'''"'',*6''"5'24*7'''6*''#$6#6**'L.
6*,*'6'"56**$6*5!
'#6'61'*"+6*>C#>*F'P*>C@A*>C#>*F'P(/*>N#>*F'P*>C@AF'P""""""GDEFCGF@@A#>#/''#/'"'#'"QR!
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E@DA>7::@@"Q(R$Q&(R;7F;H!
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