Greenwaldwww.mcbbs.net
www.mcbbs.net 时间:2021-03-22 阅读:()
DEyD2808423320EtyTnltCytfD214012ED81021-22EuD2128A12ECbnnnnTyCc82CTyCnTyCyCyvMMCTyyTyCTvtyonbCnhdiyCaguCSyMbmSCnnHHyTusemanticprimingsemanticprimingeffectsprimetarget3MeyerSchvaneveldt(1971)11SpreadingActivationModelCompound-cuedTheoriesDistributedConnectionistModelDistributedMemoryModelhttp://www.
sinoss.
net-2-3(Meyer&Schvaneveldt,1971)(Grainger&Segui,1990)(Friedrich&Friederici,2005).
1122.
x2.
x3.
34E-prime2.
02.
12335606060202020346060602020203420102009""13360118052511""500,15050"D""K"100041http://www.
sinoss.
net-3-3F=65.
13,p=0.
05F=7.
64,p=0.
05F=26.
12,p=0<.
054123343423434[1]Anderson,J.
R.
1983a.
Thearchitectureofcognition[M].
Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversityPress.
[2]Balota,D.
A.
1990.
Theroleofmeaninginwordrecognition[J].
InD.
A.
Balota&G.
B.
Floresd'Arcais(Eds.
),Comprehensionprocessesinreading(pp.
9-32).
Hillsdale,NJ:Erlbaum.
[3]BeckerS,MoscovitchM.
&Behrmann,M.
1997.
Long-termsemanticpriming:acomputationalaccountandempiricalevidence[J].
Journalofexperimentpsychology:Learning,MemoryandCognition,(23):1059-1082.
[4]Collins,A.
M.
,Lofus,E.
F.
1975.
Aspreadingactivationtheoryofsemanticprocessing[J].
PsychologicalReview(82):407-428.
[5]Gillund,G.
&Shiffrin,R.
1984.
Aretrievalmodelforbothrecognitionandrecall[J].
PsychologicalReview(19):1-65.
[6]Grainger,J.
&Segui,J.
1990.
Neighborhoodfrequencyeffectsinvisualwordrecognition:Acomparisonoflexicaldecisionandmaskedidentificationlatencies[J].
Perceptionandhttp://www.
sinoss.
net-4-Psychophysics(47):191-198.
[6]Greenwald,A.
G.
,Draine,S.
C.
,&Abrams,R.
L.
1996.
Threecognitivemarkersofunconscioussemanticactivation[J].
Science,273(5282),1699–1702.
[7]Hodgson,J.
M.
1991.
Informationalconstraintsonpre-lexicalpriming[J].
Language&CognitiveProcesses,(6):169-205.
[8]Hutchison,KA.
2003.
Issemanticprimingduetoassociationstrengthorfeatureoverlap[J].
Amicro-analyticreview:PsychonomicBulletin&Review(4):785-813.
[9]Klauer,K.
C.
,Eder,A.
B.
,Greenwald,A.
G.
,&Abrams,R.
L.
2007.
Primingofsemanticclassificationsbynovelsubliminalprimewords[J].
ConsciousnessandCognition,16:63–83.
[10]Lucas,M.
2000.
Semanticprimingwithoutassociation:Ameta-analyticreview[J].
PsychonomicBulletin&Review(7):618-630.
[11]Lupker,S.
J.
(1984).
Semanticprimingwithoutassociation:Asecondlook[J].
JournalofVerbalLearningandVerbalBehavior,23:709–733.
[12]Masson,M.
E.
J.
1991.
Adistributedmemorymodelofsemanticpriming[A].
In:Besner,D.
,Humphreys,GW(Eds.
).
Basicprocessesinreading[A].
Hillsdale,NJ:LawrenceErlbaumAssociates.
233-263.
[13]Masson,M.
E.
J1995.
Adistributedmemorymodelofsemanticpriming[J].
JournalofExperimentalPsychologicalReview,(88):375-407.
[14]McKoon,G.
,&Ratcliff,R.
1992.
Spreadingactivationversuscompoundcueaccountsofpriming:Mediatedprimingrevisited[J].
JournalofExperimentalPsychology:Learning,MemoryandCognition,18:1155–1172.
[15]McKoon,G.
,&Ratcliff,R.
1995.
Conceptualcombinationsandrelationalcontextsinfreeassociationandinpriminginlexicaldecisionandnaming[J].
PsychonomicBulletin&Review,2:527–533.
[16]McNamara,T.
P.
1992a.
Primingandconstraintsitplacesontheoriesofmemoryandretrieval[J].
PsychologicalReview,99:650–662.
[17]McNamara,T.
P.
1992b.
Theoriesofpriming:I.
Associativedistanceandlag[J].
JournalofExperimentalPsychology:Learning,MemoryandCognition,18:1173–1190.
[18]McNamara,T.
P.
2005.
Semanticpriming:Perspectivesfrommemoryandwordrecognition[M].
NewYork:PsychologyPress.
[19]Meyer,D.
E.
&Schvaneveldt,R.
1971.
Facilitationinrecognizingpairsofwords:Evidenceofadependencebetweenretrievaloperations[J].
JournalofExperimentalPsychology(90):227-234.
[20]Moss,H.
E.
,Hare,M.
L.
,Day,P.
,&L.
K.
Tyler,1994.
Adistributedmemorymodeloftheassociativeboostinsemanticpriming[J].
ConnectionScience,6:413-427.
http://www.
sinoss.
net-5-[21]Moss,H.
E.
,Ostrin,R.
K.
,Tyler,L.
K.
,&Marslen-Wilson,W.
D.
1995.
Accessingdifferenttypesoflexicalsemanticinformation:Evidencefrompriming[J].
JournalofExperimentalPsychology:Learning,Memory,&Cognition(21):863-883.
[22]Neely,J.
H.
1991.
Semanticprimingeffectsinvisualwordrecognition:Aselectivereviewofcurrentfindingsandtheories[A].
InD.
Besner&G.
W.
Humphreys(Eds.
),Basicprocessesinreading:Visualwordrecognition[C](pp.
264-336).
Hillsdale,NJ:Erlbaum.
[23]Perea,M.
,&Rosa,E.
2002.
Theeffectsofassociativeandsemanticpriminginthelexicaldecisiontask[J].
PsychologicalResearch(66):180-194[24]PereaM,DuabeitiaJA,CarreirasM.
2008.
Maskedassociative/semanticprimingeffectsacrosslanguageswithhighlyproficientbilinguals[J].
JournalofMemory&Language,58(4):916-930.
[25].
2010.
p[M].
:t.
[26]e,s,,.
2013.
y[J].
,21(4):626-636.
[27],s,r,.
2012.
-Ty[J].
(5):719-727.
[28]&.
2009.
p[M].
:t.
TheInfluenceofSemanticRelationshiponSemanticPrimingEffectsDengBiyun(HunanUniversity,Changsha/Hunan,410082)Abstract.
Semanticprimingreferstothefacilitationofprocessingofrelatedwordsinthecomprehensionandproduction.
ThephenomenonwasfirstdiscoveredbyMeyer&Schvaneveldt(1971).
Sincethen,numeroustheoriesandmodelsaboutthemechanismsofsemanticpriminghadbeenproposed.
SomeofthemostfamousoneswereSpreadingActivationModel,Compound-cueTheoriesandDistributedMemoryModel.
Thepresentstudytriestoinvestigatetheproblem.
Threemajorresearchquestionsarepresented.
1)WhetherthesemanticprimingeffectforthethreetypesoflexicalrelationshipwillariseinChineselearners'nativeandsecondlanguage2)What'sthedifferenceofsemanticprimingeffectbetweenChineselearners'nativeandsecondlanguage3)HowdothelexicalrelationshipsinfluencesemanticprimingThequestionswereinvestigatedbyapplyingthelexicaldecisiontaskintwoexperiments.
Theresultsofthepresentstudyshowedthat:1)SemanticprimingeffectdidoccurinnativeChineseandsecondlanguageEnglish,whichwasuniformtothepreviousstudies.
2)Themagnitudeofsemantichttp://www.
sinoss.
net-6-primingwasnotconsistentbetweenthenativelanguageandthesecondlanguagebythevariablesoferrorrateandreactiontime.
3)Generally,synonymsandantonymshaveasignificantinfluenceonsemanticprimingeffectinthetwolanguages,buttherewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenthetwotypesofrelationship.
Hyponymexerteddifferentinfluenceonsemanticprimingeffectbetweennativeandsecondlanguages.
Inthenativelanguage,thehyponympairshadthelargestimpactonsemanticpriming.
Whileinthesecondlanguage,thesemanticrelationshipofhyponymdidnothaveanyimpactonsemanticpriming.
Keywords:SemanticRelatedness;SemanticType;SemanticPrimingEffects
sinoss.
net-2-3(Meyer&Schvaneveldt,1971)(Grainger&Segui,1990)(Friedrich&Friederici,2005).
1122.
x2.
x3.
34E-prime2.
02.
12335606060202020346060602020203420102009""13360118052511""500,15050"D""K"100041http://www.
sinoss.
net-3-3F=65.
13,p=0.
05F=7.
64,p=0.
05F=26.
12,p=0<.
054123343423434[1]Anderson,J.
R.
1983a.
Thearchitectureofcognition[M].
Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversityPress.
[2]Balota,D.
A.
1990.
Theroleofmeaninginwordrecognition[J].
InD.
A.
Balota&G.
B.
Floresd'Arcais(Eds.
),Comprehensionprocessesinreading(pp.
9-32).
Hillsdale,NJ:Erlbaum.
[3]BeckerS,MoscovitchM.
&Behrmann,M.
1997.
Long-termsemanticpriming:acomputationalaccountandempiricalevidence[J].
Journalofexperimentpsychology:Learning,MemoryandCognition,(23):1059-1082.
[4]Collins,A.
M.
,Lofus,E.
F.
1975.
Aspreadingactivationtheoryofsemanticprocessing[J].
PsychologicalReview(82):407-428.
[5]Gillund,G.
&Shiffrin,R.
1984.
Aretrievalmodelforbothrecognitionandrecall[J].
PsychologicalReview(19):1-65.
[6]Grainger,J.
&Segui,J.
1990.
Neighborhoodfrequencyeffectsinvisualwordrecognition:Acomparisonoflexicaldecisionandmaskedidentificationlatencies[J].
Perceptionandhttp://www.
sinoss.
net-4-Psychophysics(47):191-198.
[6]Greenwald,A.
G.
,Draine,S.
C.
,&Abrams,R.
L.
1996.
Threecognitivemarkersofunconscioussemanticactivation[J].
Science,273(5282),1699–1702.
[7]Hodgson,J.
M.
1991.
Informationalconstraintsonpre-lexicalpriming[J].
Language&CognitiveProcesses,(6):169-205.
[8]Hutchison,KA.
2003.
Issemanticprimingduetoassociationstrengthorfeatureoverlap[J].
Amicro-analyticreview:PsychonomicBulletin&Review(4):785-813.
[9]Klauer,K.
C.
,Eder,A.
B.
,Greenwald,A.
G.
,&Abrams,R.
L.
2007.
Primingofsemanticclassificationsbynovelsubliminalprimewords[J].
ConsciousnessandCognition,16:63–83.
[10]Lucas,M.
2000.
Semanticprimingwithoutassociation:Ameta-analyticreview[J].
PsychonomicBulletin&Review(7):618-630.
[11]Lupker,S.
J.
(1984).
Semanticprimingwithoutassociation:Asecondlook[J].
JournalofVerbalLearningandVerbalBehavior,23:709–733.
[12]Masson,M.
E.
J.
1991.
Adistributedmemorymodelofsemanticpriming[A].
In:Besner,D.
,Humphreys,GW(Eds.
).
Basicprocessesinreading[A].
Hillsdale,NJ:LawrenceErlbaumAssociates.
233-263.
[13]Masson,M.
E.
J1995.
Adistributedmemorymodelofsemanticpriming[J].
JournalofExperimentalPsychologicalReview,(88):375-407.
[14]McKoon,G.
,&Ratcliff,R.
1992.
Spreadingactivationversuscompoundcueaccountsofpriming:Mediatedprimingrevisited[J].
JournalofExperimentalPsychology:Learning,MemoryandCognition,18:1155–1172.
[15]McKoon,G.
,&Ratcliff,R.
1995.
Conceptualcombinationsandrelationalcontextsinfreeassociationandinpriminginlexicaldecisionandnaming[J].
PsychonomicBulletin&Review,2:527–533.
[16]McNamara,T.
P.
1992a.
Primingandconstraintsitplacesontheoriesofmemoryandretrieval[J].
PsychologicalReview,99:650–662.
[17]McNamara,T.
P.
1992b.
Theoriesofpriming:I.
Associativedistanceandlag[J].
JournalofExperimentalPsychology:Learning,MemoryandCognition,18:1173–1190.
[18]McNamara,T.
P.
2005.
Semanticpriming:Perspectivesfrommemoryandwordrecognition[M].
NewYork:PsychologyPress.
[19]Meyer,D.
E.
&Schvaneveldt,R.
1971.
Facilitationinrecognizingpairsofwords:Evidenceofadependencebetweenretrievaloperations[J].
JournalofExperimentalPsychology(90):227-234.
[20]Moss,H.
E.
,Hare,M.
L.
,Day,P.
,&L.
K.
Tyler,1994.
Adistributedmemorymodeloftheassociativeboostinsemanticpriming[J].
ConnectionScience,6:413-427.
http://www.
sinoss.
net-5-[21]Moss,H.
E.
,Ostrin,R.
K.
,Tyler,L.
K.
,&Marslen-Wilson,W.
D.
1995.
Accessingdifferenttypesoflexicalsemanticinformation:Evidencefrompriming[J].
JournalofExperimentalPsychology:Learning,Memory,&Cognition(21):863-883.
[22]Neely,J.
H.
1991.
Semanticprimingeffectsinvisualwordrecognition:Aselectivereviewofcurrentfindingsandtheories[A].
InD.
Besner&G.
W.
Humphreys(Eds.
),Basicprocessesinreading:Visualwordrecognition[C](pp.
264-336).
Hillsdale,NJ:Erlbaum.
[23]Perea,M.
,&Rosa,E.
2002.
Theeffectsofassociativeandsemanticpriminginthelexicaldecisiontask[J].
PsychologicalResearch(66):180-194[24]PereaM,DuabeitiaJA,CarreirasM.
2008.
Maskedassociative/semanticprimingeffectsacrosslanguageswithhighlyproficientbilinguals[J].
JournalofMemory&Language,58(4):916-930.
[25].
2010.
p[M].
:t.
[26]e,s,,.
2013.
y[J].
,21(4):626-636.
[27],s,r,.
2012.
-Ty[J].
(5):719-727.
[28]&.
2009.
p[M].
:t.
TheInfluenceofSemanticRelationshiponSemanticPrimingEffectsDengBiyun(HunanUniversity,Changsha/Hunan,410082)Abstract.
Semanticprimingreferstothefacilitationofprocessingofrelatedwordsinthecomprehensionandproduction.
ThephenomenonwasfirstdiscoveredbyMeyer&Schvaneveldt(1971).
Sincethen,numeroustheoriesandmodelsaboutthemechanismsofsemanticpriminghadbeenproposed.
SomeofthemostfamousoneswereSpreadingActivationModel,Compound-cueTheoriesandDistributedMemoryModel.
Thepresentstudytriestoinvestigatetheproblem.
Threemajorresearchquestionsarepresented.
1)WhetherthesemanticprimingeffectforthethreetypesoflexicalrelationshipwillariseinChineselearners'nativeandsecondlanguage2)What'sthedifferenceofsemanticprimingeffectbetweenChineselearners'nativeandsecondlanguage3)HowdothelexicalrelationshipsinfluencesemanticprimingThequestionswereinvestigatedbyapplyingthelexicaldecisiontaskintwoexperiments.
Theresultsofthepresentstudyshowedthat:1)SemanticprimingeffectdidoccurinnativeChineseandsecondlanguageEnglish,whichwasuniformtothepreviousstudies.
2)Themagnitudeofsemantichttp://www.
sinoss.
net-6-primingwasnotconsistentbetweenthenativelanguageandthesecondlanguagebythevariablesoferrorrateandreactiontime.
3)Generally,synonymsandantonymshaveasignificantinfluenceonsemanticprimingeffectinthetwolanguages,buttherewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenthetwotypesofrelationship.
Hyponymexerteddifferentinfluenceonsemanticprimingeffectbetweennativeandsecondlanguages.
Inthenativelanguage,thehyponympairshadthelargestimpactonsemanticpriming.
Whileinthesecondlanguage,thesemanticrelationshipofhyponymdidnothaveanyimpactonsemanticpriming.
Keywords:SemanticRelatedness;SemanticType;SemanticPrimingEffects
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