purienshaole16.com

ReporttotheGovernmentoftheCookIslandsonInvasivePlantSpeciesofEnvironmentalConcernJamesC.
SpaceandTimFlynnU.
S.
D.
A.
ForestServicePacificSouthwestResearchStationInstituteofPacificIslandsForestryHonolulu,Hawai'i,USA8November2002TableofContentsReporttotheGovernmentoftheCookIslandsonInvasivePlantSpeciesofEnvironmentalConcern.
11.
DangerousspeciesnotknowntobeintheCookIslands.
22.
SpeciesthatareinvasiveorhavethepotentialtobecomesointheCookIslands.
5InvasivespeciesalreadywidespreadintheCookIslands6Invasivespeciesoflimitedextent.
103.
Speciesthatareknownorlistedasbeingweedyorinvasiveelsewhereandarecommon,weedyorcultivatedintheCookIslands.
134.
Nativespecies(orPolynesianintroductions)exhibitingaggressivebehavior16Strategiesfordealingwithinvasivespecies.
17Recommendations19TableA.
PriorityspeciesforexclusionfromtheCookIslands.
20TableB.
CultivatedspeciesofpossiblethreattotheCookIslands.
21TableC.
Speciesthatshouldbesubjecttointer-islandquarantine(southernCookIslands)22TableD.
SummaryofmajorinvasivespeciespresentintheCookIslandswithrecommendationsfortheirmanagement.
26Island-specificrecommendations:34Rarotonga.
34Aitutaki35'Atiu.
35Mangaia.
36Ma'uke.
36Miti'aro37Appendix138Table1.
SpeciesthatareinvasiveelsewhereinsimilarecosystemsbutarenotknowntobepresentintheCookIslands.
38Table2.
IntroducedspeciesthatareinvasiveorpotentiallyinvasiveintheCookIslands.
45Table3.
Speciesthatarereportedasinvasiveorweedyelsewhereandarecommon,weedyorcultivatedintheCookIslands.
49Table4.
Nativespecies(orPolynesianintroductions)thatcanexhibitaggressivebehavior.
57Appendix2.
Otherinvasiveplantspecies,mostlyruderalweedsorofagriculturalconcern,seenorreportedtobepresentintheCookIslands.
58Appendix3.
InvasivespeciespresentinAmericanSamoa,Fiji,FrenchPolynesia,Hawai'i,SamoaorTongabutnotpresentintheCookIslands.
59Appendix4.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonRarotonga.
63Appendix5.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonAitutaki.
73Appendix6.
Invasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresenton'Atiu78Appendix7.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonMangaia.
84Appendix8.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonMau'ke.
90Appendix9.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonMiti'aro.
96Appendix10.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciesreportedtobepresentonotherCookIslands.
101Appendix11.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonothersouthernCookIslandsbutnotonRarotonga104Appendix12.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonothersouthernCookIslandsbutnotonAitutaki.
.
105Appendix13.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonothersouthernCookIslandsbutnoton'Atiu.
.
.
.
.
.
111Appendix14.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonothersouthernCookIslandsbutnotonMangaia.
116Appendix15.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonothersouthernCookIslandsbutnotonMa'uke.
.
.
121Appendix16.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonothersouthernCookIslandsbutnotonMiti'aro.
.
126Appendix17.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonsouthernCookIslandsbutnotreportedtobepresentonthenorthernCookIslands132Appendix18.
Scientificnamesynonyms.
139Appendix19.
Backgroundmaterialandreferences.
1451ReporttotheGovernmentoftheCookIslandsonInvasivePlantSpeciesofEnvironmentalConcernJamesC.
SpaceandTimFlynn1TheGovernmentoftheCookIslandsrequestedassistancefromtheUSDepartmentofAgriculture,ForestService,InstituteofPacificIslandsForestry,toconductasurveyofinvasiveplantspeciesofenvironmentalconcern,similartosurveyspreviouslyconductedinMicronesia,AmericanSamoa,Niue,SamoaandTonga.
Thesurveywascarriedoutfrom11Marchthrough1April2002.
TheislandsofRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeandMiti'aroweresurveyed.
SpeciesreportedbytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjectwereusedfortheotherislands(Manuae,Manihiki,Nassau,Palmerston,Penrhyn,Pukapuka,Rakahanga,SuwarrowandTakutea)aswellasforsomeoftheuncommoncultivatedspeciesonthesurveyedislands.
Theobjectivesofthesurveywereto:(1)identifyplantspeciespresentlycausingproblemstonaturalandsemi-naturalecosystems;(2)identifyspeciesthat,eventhoughtheyarenotpresentlyamajorproblem,couldspreadmorewidelyorareknowntobeproblemspecieselsewhere;(3)confirmtheabsenceofspeciesthatareaproblemelsewhereand,ifintroducedtotheCookIslands,couldbeathreatthere;and(4)makeappropriaterecommendations.
Duringourvisitlocalexperts2showedussitesofknowninfestations.
Wealsohadavailablecopiesofbotanicalsurveysconductedinthepast(seeAppendix19,References),andcomprehensivedataonthelocationandrelativeabundanceofspeciesfurnishedbytheCook1FormerDirector,PacificSouthwestResearchStation,USDAForestService(retired)andHerbariumCollectionsManager,NationalTropicalBotanicalGarden,respectively.
2Wewouldliketoexpressoursincereappreciationforthehospitality,assistanceandsupportofthefollowingmembersoftheMinistryofAgriculturewithoutwhosehelpthissurveywouldnothavebeenpossible:SabatiSolomona,PatrickArioka,NgarangiTuakana,LuckyTungata,TokaiNgaiorae,NooAiturau,TereapiiKeu,VaineKekera,WilliamTararo,MaaraTairi,TearikiTatuavaandFredCharlie.
WealsowanttoexpressspecialthankstoGeraldMcCormack,DirectoroftheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProject,forprovidingaccesstohiscomprehensivedatabaseofCookIslandsspeciesandgivingusvaluableadviceanddirection.
WehavetypicallyspeltMaorinamesasshowninthatdatabase.
TheCookIslandsisextremelyfortunatetohavesuchacomprehensivedatabasebeingdevelopedforallitsplantsandanimals(terrestialandmarine,nativeandintroduced).
Finally,ourthankstoBillSykes,LandcareResearch,NewZealand,forhisthoroughreviewofthedraftreportandmanysuggestionsforadditionsandimprovements.
2IslandsNaturalHeritageProject.
Theintentwasonlytoconductanoverallsurveyandnotanexhaustivesurveyoftheweedfloraoftheislands.
Additionalsurveysofindividualspecies,sensitiveareasortheotherislandscanandshouldbeconductedasneeded.
Thisreportsummarizesourfindingsandmakessomesuggestionsforfurtheraction.
InvasivespeciesoccurringinorofthreattotheCookIslandshavebeengroupedintofourcategories:1.
SpeciesthatareinvasiveelsewhereinsimilarecosystemsbutwerenotseenonourvisitandarenotreportedintheliteratureasbeingpresentintheCookIslands(208species).
2.
SpeciesthatareinvasiveorpotentiallyinvasiveintheCookIslands(66species).
3.
Speciesthatareinvasiveorweedyelsewhereandarecommon,weedyorcultivatedintheCookIslands(143species).
4.
Nativespecies(orPolynesianintroductions)thatexhibitaggressivebehavior(4species).
ThesespeciesarelistedinAppendix1.
AdditionalinformationabouteachspeciesislocatedonanInternetsite,http://www.
hear.
org/pier,andonthePIER-CD,copiesofwhichhavebeenmadeavailabletotheMinistryofAgriculture.
Thereareanumberofotherspeciesthataremostlyinvasiveweedsingardens,fields,andpasturesandalongroadsidesanddon'tseemtoposeanyparticularthreattonaturalorsemi-naturalecosystems.
Whilewedidnotspecificallysurveyforthem,alistofthesespecies,compiledfromtheliteratureaswellasfieldobservations,isincludedinAppendix2.
1.
DangerousspeciesnotknowntobeintheCookIslandsTheCookIslandsisfortunatethatanumberoftroublesomespecieshaveyettoreachthecountry.
ThesearelistedinAppendix1,Table1.
Thefollowingsummarizestheworstofthese.
Thesespeciesshouldreceivehighpriorityforexclusionfromentryintothecountryandpromptlyevaluatedforeradicationiffoundtobepresent.
Tworubbertrees,Castillaelastica(Panamarubbertree)andFuntumiaelastica(Africanrubbertree),areveryinvasiveinSamoa.
BirdsspreadtheseedsofCastillawhilethoseofFuntumiaarewind-borne"parachute"seeds.
Chromolaenaodorata(Siamweed)isahighlyinvasivepan-tropicalweed.
ItwilllikelyshowupintheCookIslandsatsomepointintimeandshouldbepromptlyeradicatediffound.
Ithastiny,wind-dispersedseedsthatcanalsotravelonboots,clothingorusedcarsorequipment.
Biologicalcontrolsareavailablebutaremosteffectiveinopenareas,lesssoinshadedstands.
Thisspecieswouldbeamajorproblemforagricultureaswell.
Cocciniagrandis(ivyorscarletgourd)isasmotheringvinethatisaseriousproblemonSaipan.
Thevinesclimbovertreesandformsuchdensecoverthattheforestunderneathiscompletelyshadedoutanddestroyed.
ItisalsoinvasiveinGuamandHawai'iandisreportedlypresentinFijiandVanuatu.
ItisavegetablecommonlyusedinsoutheasternAsiancookingandtheplant3isoftenintroducedforthatreason.
Itreadilyspreadsvegetativelythroughcuttingsand,iffruitispresent,bybirdsandprobablypigs.
Cordiaalliodora(Ecuadorlaurel,salmwood)wasintroducedtoSamoa,TongaandVanuatuasaforestrytreeandhasproveninvasiveintheselocations(Tolfts,1997).
ItshouldnotbeintroducedtotheCookIslands.
Clerodendrumquadriloculare(bronze-leavedclerodendrum)isanattractiveyardplantandiscommonlyplantedforthatpurposeonmanyislandsinthePacific.
Itisnotoriousforbeingaprolificproducerofrootsuckersand,infact,theplantiseasilypropagatedbymeansofrootcuttings.
Itisapotentialproblembecauseofitsabilitytoinvadeintactorrelativelyintactnativeforests.
IthasbecomewidespreadonPohnpei,FederatedStatesofMicronesia.
InHawai'iitisbecomingaproblemornamental,producingnumerousrootsuckersthatappearsomedistancefromtheparentplant.
Clidemiahirta(Koster'scurse)isaseriousprobleminHawai'iandotherlocations,includingAmericanSamoa,Samoa,Fiji,theSolomonIslandsandVanuatu.
Thisisaveryseriousweedoftheforestunderstory.
Elaeocarpusangustifolius[=grandis](bluefig,bluemarbletree,quandong),anativeofAustralia,isaforestrytreethatisinvadingintactandsecondaryforestsinSamoa.
Hiptagebenghalensis(hiptage)isaproblemspeciesinHawai'iandisreportedtobeaveryinvasivespeciesonLaRéunionandMauritius.
Theseedsarewind-dispersedanditalsocanreproducefromcuttings.
Maesopsiseminii(musizi,umbrellatree)isalargeAfricantreethathasbeenintroducedintoothercountriesasatimbertree.
Fruit-eatingbirds(andpossiblyfruitbats)spreaditsseedandithasbecomeaprobleminanumberofcountries.
ItwasintroducedasatimbertreetoFiji,whereitisstartingtonaturalize.
Melaleucaquinquenervia(cajeput,paperbarktree)isanativeofeasternAustralia,NewGuineaandNewCaledonia.
Itproduceslargequantitiesofwind-dispersedseedsandreproducesprofuselyafterfireorotherdisturbance.
ItisamajorproblemintheStateofFlorida(US)andispresentinFiji,FrenchPolynesia(Tahiti)andHawai'i.
Miconiacalvescens(thepurpleplague,velvetleaf)isundoubtedlythemostdestructiveinvasiveplantinthePacific.
IthasbeenadisastertotheforestecosystemofTahitiinFrenchPolynesiaandhassubsequentlyspreadtootherislandsinFrenchPolynesia(MeyerandFlorence,1996).
IthasalsoescapedinHawai'iandisthesubjectofanintensiveandcostlyeradicationeffortthere.
ItrecentlywasdiscoveredinQueensland,Australia,whereaneradicationprojectisalsounderway.
ThisspeciesisanattractivegardenplantandmightbeintroducedthiswayorastinyseedsonshoesorusedequipmentfromHawai'iorTahiti.
OthermembersoftheMelastomataceaefamily(includingArthrostemaciliatum,Heterocentronsubtriplinervium,Medinillamagnifica,Medinillavenosa,Melastomacandidum,Melastoma4sanguineum,Memecylonfloribundum,Ossaeamarginata,OxysporapaniculataandTetrazygiabicolor)thatarenotnativeorpresentintheCookIslandsshouldalsobeexcluded.
Passifloratarminiana(bananapoka,bananapassionfruit),asmotheringvinethatisaprobleminHawai'iandNewZealand,isalsoabsent.
Itcansmothertheforestcanopywhenthesub-canopyvegetationisdisturbed.
OtherPassifloraspeciesnotalreadypresent(Passifloraalata,Passifloracaerulea,Passifloracoccinea,Passiflorapulchella,Passiflorasuberosa,etc.
)shouldalsobeexcluded.
Pimentadioica(allspice,pimento)isaninvasiveforesttree.
Theseedsarebird-dispersed.
ItiswidespreadinTonga('Eua),plantedinHawai'i(whereitshowsindicationsofnaturalizing)andreportedtobeplantedinFrenchPolynesiaandFijiaswell.
Piperauritum(earedpepper,alsocalled"falsekava")hasbeenintroducedtoPacificislandsasafast-growingformofkava,butitisworthlessinthisregard.
ItisbecomingwidespreadinTongaandispresentlysubjectofaneradicationcampaignontheislandofPohnpei,FederatedStatesofMicronesia.
IthasalsobeenintroducedintoHawai'ibutthelocalkavagrowersassociationisworkingwiththeauthoritiestoeradicateitthereaswell.
SeealsoSPCPestAlertNo.
19,FalseKava(http://www.
spc.
int/pps/PestAlerts/PestAlertNo19-False_Kava.
pdf).
Thisspeciessuckersprofuselyandproducesmanysmallseedsthatcanbespreadbybirds,rodentsandbatsandcanalsobeintroducedintonewareasonmachinery.
Locally,itspreadsbysuckers,forminglargeclumps.
Pithecellobiumdulce(Madrasthorn)isathornytreethatisaproblemspeciesinHawai'iandispresentinNewCaledonia,FijiandFrenchPolynesia(cultivated).
Theseedsarebird-dispersed.
AllRubusspecies(raspberries,blackberries,thimbleberries,andbrambles)shouldbeexcluded.
TheseincludeRubusalceifolius,invasiveinAustralia(Queensland)andLaRéunion;Rubusmoluccanus,aseriouspestoftheMascarineIslandsandpresentinAustralia,Fiji,NewCaledoniaandtheSolomonIslandsandRubusrosifolius,veryinvasiveinFrenchPolynesiaandHawai'iandpresentinNewCaledonia,theSolomonIslandsandVanuatuaswell.
AnumberofotherRubusspeciesareinvasive.
InHawai'i,R.
argutus(pricklyFloridablackberry)andR.
niveus(hillorMysoreraspberry)areproblems.
IntroducedRubusspecies(inparticular,R.
niveus)areamajorproblemintheGalapagosIslands.
SomeotherspeciesthatshouldbeexcludedareR.
ellipticus,R.
glaucusandR.
sieboldii.
Ingeneral,whereRubusspeciesarenotpresentontropicalislands,theyshouldnotbeintroduced.
Ifalreadyintroduced,theyshouldbeevaluatedascandidatesforeradication.
Thevinesformthornythicketsandthefruitsarewidelydispersedbybirds.
Schinusterebinthefolius(Christmas-berry,Brazilianpepper)isamajorproblemspeciesinHawai'iwaswellasFlorida(US)andtheIndianOceanislandsofLaRéunionandMauritius.
Thefruitsareveryattractivetobirds,aidingitsspread.
Itispresent,thoughuncommon,inAmericanSamoa(Tutuila)aswellasinFrenchPolynesia(Tahiti)andNewCaledonia(lesLoyauté).
Itshouldbeexcludedor,iffound,evaluatedforprompteradication.
5Solanumtorvum(pricklysolanum,devil'sfig)isalargespinyspeciesfavoringdisturbedareasandfieldsthatformsdense,impenetrablethickets.
Birdsspreaditsseeds.
ItisapestspeciesinFrenchPolynesiaandTongaandisrapidlyspreadinginSamoa.
SomepotentiallyinvasivegrassspeciesarenotyetpresentintheCookIslands,including:Imperatacylindrica,averyinvasivespecieselsewhereandaproblemforagricultureaswellastheenvironment.
ItispresentinAustraliaandNewZealandaswellasNewCaledonia,PapuaNewGuinea,SolomonIslands,Vanuatu,WallisandFutuna.
SeveralinfestationsinMicronesia(PalauandYap)arepresentlysubjectsoferadicationprograms.
Melinisminutiflora(molassesgrass),aspeciesthatisbothinvasiveandcancauseaseriousfirehazard.
Ithasfosteredtheestablishmentoffireregimesonmanyislandswhereithasbeenintroduced(D'AntonioandVitousek,1992).
Anumberofothergrassspeciesofvariousdegreesofinvasiveness,includingAndropogongayanus,Andropogonglomeratus,Andropogonvirginicus,Cenchrusbrownii,Cenchrusciliaris,Chlorisradiata,Cortaderiajubata,Digitariainsularis,Echinochloapolystachya,Hymenachneamplexicaulis,Hyparrheniarufa,Ischaemumpolystachyum,Ischaemumrugosum,Ischaemumtimorense,Microlaenastipoides,Panicumrepens,Paspalumfimbriatum,Pennisetumclandestinum,Pennisetumpolystachyon,Saccharumspontaneum,Sacciolepisindica,Schizachyriumcondensatum,Sorghumhalepense3,SporoboluselongatusandTripsacumlatifolium.
Grassesareeasilyintroducedascontaminantsinimportedseed,importedsandandgraveloronusedmachinery,andbytheirnaturetendtobeinvasive.
Thebestindicatorthataspeciesmightbeinvasiveisthefactthatitisinvasiveelsewhere.
However,eachislandecosystemisuniqueandinvasivenesscannotbepredictedwithcertainty.
Agoodstrategyistobeextremelycautiousandexcludetheseandotherspeciesknowntobeinvasiveorweedyelsewhere(althoughthebeststrategyistoexcludeallspeciesnotshownbyriskassessmenttobeofacceptablerisk).
TheknownproblemspeciesthathavethepotentialtocauseproblemsintropicalislandecosystemsandarenotyetpresentintheCookIslandsarelistedinAppendix1,Table1.
Thesespeciesshouldbeexcludedthroughplantquarantineand,ifestablishmentisdetected,promptlyevaluatedforeradication.
Inaddition,speciesthatarereportedtobepresentinAmericanSamoa,Fiji,FrenchPolynesia,Hawai'i,SamoaandTongabutarenotpresentintheCookIslandsarelistedinAppendix3.
ThesespecieswouldbeofhighriskofintroductionfromairandshiptrafficbetweenthesepointsandtheCookIslands.
2.
SpeciesthatareinvasiveorhavethepotentialtobecomesointheCookIslandsAnumberofknowninvasiveplantsthatcauseseriousproblemsinsimilarecosystemshavebeenintroducedintotheCookIslands(Appendix1,Table2).
Someofthesearealreadycausingproblemswhileothersarenot.
Somearecultivatedplantsthathavenot(yet)escapedandtheir3Althoughitmaypossiblybepresent.
BillSykesreportsthatthereisanoldvoucherspecimenintheLandcareResearchherbariuminChristchurch,althoughhehasnotcollectedthespeciesintheCookIslandshimself.
6potentialforcausingdamageissofarunknown.
However,oneofthebestpredictorsofinvasivenessisthebehaviorofthespecieselsewhere,andtheseareknowntroublemakers.
InvasivespeciesalreadywidespreadintheCookIslandsAcaciamangium(ākasia,mangium)hasbeenwidelyplantedonMangaiaandisnaturalizing.
ItisalsopresentonRarotonga,'AtiuandMa'uke,whereitalsonaturalizes.
Ithasthepotentialtobecomemuchmorewidespread,particularlyon'AtiuandMangaia,wherelargenumbersofseedlingsandsaplingswereseen.
OtheracaciasspreadingonMangaiaincludeAcaciaaulacocarpaandAcaciacrassicarpa.
AlargeblockofAcaciacrassicarpaisplantedadjacenttotheoldairfieldonMa'ukeandisspreadingrapidly.
Inaddition,AcaciacurassavicaisalsospreadingonMa'uke.
Itisasmalltreeorshrubthatformsdensethickets.
Acaciacrassicarpaisspreadingon'Atiuaswell.
Adenantherapavonina(kōviriviri,matakōviriviri,tavara(Mangaia),pitipiti'o('Atiu),coralbeantree),invasiveinforeststhroughoutthePacific,isalreadywidespread(andisnotnative)intheCookIslands.
Treesproducelargequantitiesofseedandthetreewillgrowonavarietyofsoils.
IthasundoubtedlynotyetreacheditsfullpotentialintheCookIslandsandinthefuturemaybecomeamajorcomponentofforestedecosystems.
Althoughtheseedsareeatenandmanypeopleconsideritnative,itwasintroducedfromSoutheastAsiaandMalesia.
Coralbeanhastheabilitytoovertopmanynativetreesandeventuallyformmonospecificstands.
Ardisiacrenata(hen'seyes,Hiloholly)isreportedpresentincultivationonRarotonga(BillSykes,pers.
com.
).
Thisisadangerousspecieswithbird-dispersedseeds.
ItispresentinFijiandHawai'iandisonthelistofplantsbarredfromimportationintoFrenchPolynesia.
Ardisiaelliptica(venevenetinitō,shoebuttonardisia)iswidespreadthroughoutRarotongaandispresenttoalesserextentonMangaia.
TherearescatteredpopulationsonAitutakiandMa'uke.
Itgrowswellintheforestunderstoryandcrowdsoutotherspecies.
Birds(andchildren),whicheatthefruit,areamajorfactorinitsspread.
ItisaproblemspeciesinHawai'i,FrenchPolynesia,SamoaandFlorida(US).
Thisspeciesshowseverysignofbecomingamajorcomponentoftheecosystemsoftheislandswhereitispresent.
Cardiospermumgrandiflorum(kopūpūtakaviri,balloonvine),aninvasivevine,ispresentonlyonRarotonga,whereitisalreadywidespread.
ItisinvasiveinAustraliaandHawai'i.
OnRarotonga,itteamsupwithMikaniamicranthatoclimbandsometimesovertopvegetation.
Cecropiaobtusifolia(rau-māniota,trumpettree,guarumo)isaveryinvasivetreespeciesonRarotonga(itisaprobleminHawai'iaswell).
Birdsdisperseitsseeds.
Cestrumnocturnum(tiareariki-va'ine,ariki-va'ine,night-floweringcestrum)isquiteprevalentandinvasiveonRarotongaandMangaia.
It'sanotherspecieswithbird-spreadseedsandcould7becomeevenmorewidespread.
Cestrumdiurnum(ariki-va'ine,daycestrum)isalsopresentandequallyinvasiveonMangaia.
Cyperusinvolucratus[=alternifolius](umbrellasedge)isaninvaderofstreamsidesonRarotongaandwetareasonAitutaki.
Thisspeciesisoftenusedasanornamentalplant.
Erigeronkarvinskianus(Mexicandaisy,seasidedaisy,daisyfleabane),reportedbyBillSykestobepresentincultivationonRarotonga,isamajorproblemonKauaiandisspreadingelsewhereinHawai'i.
ItisalsoaseriousweedonLaRéunion.
Eugeniauniflora(venevene,menemene(Mangaia),Surinamcherry)wasmostlyseenincultivationonRarotonga,butonMangaiaitisspreadingintheforestunderstory.
ItisgrowingalongtheroadupthehillfromUreiaonAitutakiandafewexampleswereseenonMiti'aro.
AnumberofpatcheswerenotedonMa'uke.
Itisreportedpresenton'AtiubytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjectbutwasnotseen.
Fruit-eatingbirdsprobablyspreadtheseeds.
Falcatariamoluccana[=Paraserianthesfalcataria]('ārapitia,Molucccaalbizia)iswidespreadonRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,MangaiaandMa'uke.
ThisspecieshasbecomecommononmanyPacificislands.
FlemingiamacrophyllawasseennaturalizingonbothRarotongaandMangaia,mostlyalongroadsides,andasinglecultivatedplantwasseenonMa'uke.
F.
strobilifera(luckplant,wildhops)ispresentonRarotongaand'Atiu.
Bothofthesespeciesareprolificseedproducersandhavethepotentialtobecomeamuchmoreseriousproblem.
AnumberofpatchesofHedychiumcoronarium(kōpīteatea,re'ateatea,whiteginger)wereseenonRarotongaandoccasionalplants,usuallyincultivation,on'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeandMiti'aro.
H.
flavescens(re'arengarenga,yellowginger)wasseenon'AtiuanditandH.
gardnerianum(kōpī,kahiliginger)arereportedtobepresentincultivationelsewherebytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProject.
Thesespeciescanbeinvasiveintheforestunderstory,particularlyinmoistareas,andaredifficulttocontrol.
TheyhavebecomeextensivelyestablishedinHawai'i,wheretheyareamajorproblem.
Unlesscontrolled,thesespecieswillprobablybecomeevenmorecommonovertimeintheCookIslands.
Hyptispectinata(miritītā('Atiu),mintweed)isaubiquitousweedonroadsidesandindisturbedareasonRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,MangaiaandMiti'aro.
Lantanacamara(tātarāmoa,tātarāmoapapa'ā,lantana)isacomponentoftheweedvegetationonRarotongabutitdoesnotseemtobeamajorproblemthere.
However,on'Atiuitisvigorousandwidespread.
Leucaenaleucocephala(nito,mara'inu,leucaena)iscommon,asonmostPacificislands,butitisnotasbigaproblemintheCookIslandsasinsomeotherlocations.
Interestingly,itisnotpresent(orisveryrare)onAitutakiandMiti'aro,asitwasnotseenonthoseislands.
8Meliaazedarach(tīra,Chinaberry)iscommononMangaiaandalsopresentonRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukeandMiti'aro.
Thissmalltreeproduceslargeamountsofbird-spreadseed.
ItisaproblemspeciesinHawai'iandonsomeoftheislandsofFrenchPolynesia.
MerremiapeltataisafairlyrecentintroductiontoAitutaki(BillSykesreportscollectingitin1974)butisnowquitewidespread.
ItisconsideredanativeoranearlyintroductionthroughoutmuchofthePacific,butitsbehavioronAitutakiisagoodexampleofwhyitshouldnotbeintroducedtootherislands.
Mikaniamicrantha(pōkutekute,mile-a-minuteweed),asmotheringvine,isamajorinvasivespeciesonanumberofPacificislands.
Itisspreadbothbyseed(dispersedbywindorinclothingorhairofanimals)andvegetativelyfrombrokenstemfragments.
Eachnodeofthestemcanproduceroots.
ItiswidespreadonRarotongaand'Atiu,lesssoonAitutaki.
ThereareonlyafewpatchesatpresentonMiti'aroandasinglesmallareaonMa'uke.
Mimosainvisa(pikika'apapa'ā(Aitutaki),giantsensitiveplant)isaparticularlynastyplantcoveredwiththorns,formingdensetanglesthataredifficulttowalkthrough.
ItispresentinanumberofSouthPacificlocations(AmericanSamoa,CookIslands,Fiji,FrenchPolynesia(SocietyIslands),NewCaledonia,Niue,PapuaNewGuinea,SolomonIslandsandVanuatu).
ItbecameestablishedsometimeagoonAitutaki,theonlyislandwhereitispresentintheCookIslands.
Abiologicalagentwasintroducedandhasbeeneffectiveinreducingflowerproductionbuttheplantisstillspreading.
Mimosapudica(pikika'a,sensitiveplant),asmallerplantwithonlysmallprickles,iscommonthroughouttheCookIslandsasacomponentoftheweedyvegetationofroadsidesandotherdisturbedareas.
ItisnotcommononMangaiaandMiti'aroandlocalprogramsareunderwaytokeepitundercontrol.
Itislimitedtotwolocationson'Atiu.
Panicummaximum(tinikarāti,Guineagrass,buffalograss)isatroublesomegrassintheCookIslands,asonmanyPacificislands.
Itformsdensestandsupto2mtall.
Theseedsaredispersedbywind,anditcansurvivelongperiodsofdrought.
Itspreadsbyseedandlocallyfromundergroundrhizomes.
Pennisetumpurpureum('erepani('Atiu),elephantgrass,napiergrass,merkergrass)hasrecentlybecomeestablishedonRarotonga,'AtiuandMangaia.
Itisaverylargegrassthatformsdensestandsthatcanexcludeothervegetation.
ItisoneofthemostinvasiveweedsinPapuaNewGuinea.
AnattemptisbeingmadetoeradicateitonMangaia.
Pennisetumsetaceum(fountaingrass)hasbeenrecordedonRarotongabytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProject.
ThisgrassspeciesisamajorprobleminHawai'iandisalsopresentinAustralia,Fiji,FrenchPolynesiaandNewCaledonia.
Itisoftensoldasanornamentalthroughseedcatalogues.
Thereareextensiveareasofarunningbamboo(Phyllostachyssp.
,probablyP.
bissetiiperBillSykes,pers.
com.
)onMangaia.
Runningbamboosspreadbyrhizomesandcanformextensive,densestandsthatareextremelydifficulttocontrol.
Long-rangespreadisbycuttingsorpieces.
BillSykes(pers.
com.
)alsoreportsPhyllostachysnigraincultivationonRarotonga.
9WhilenotasinvasiveasPimentadioica(absentfromtheCookIslands),Pimentaracemosa(baytree,bayrumtree)isbecomingwellestablishedonmostofthesoutherngroupofislandsexceptAitutaki.
ItisespeciallyprevalentonMa'uke.
However,on'Atiuweonlysawtwospecimens(bothincultivation),oneinNgatiaruavillageandoneatthe'AtiuMotel.
Psidiumcattleianum(tūavapapa'ā,strawberryguava)isasmalltreethatformsdensethickets.
ItisamajorproblemspeciesinanumberofPacificislandecosystemsincludingHawai'iandTahitiaswellasLaRéunionandMauritiusintheIndianOcean.
Varietieswithredandyellowfruitsareknown.
Birdsandpigs(andpossiblyfruitbatsaswell)dispersetheseeds.
ItispresentonRarotonga,MangaiaandMiti'aroandhasundoubtedlynotyetreacheditsfullpotentialontheseislands.
OnMa'ukeasinglespecimenwaspointedouttousgrowingatGovernmentHouse.
Itisreportedpresenton'AtiubytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjectbutwasnotseen.
Psidiumguajava(tūava,guava)isverycommononalltheislandsvisited,particularlyinabandonedfields.
ThisisamajorinvasivespeciesinTongaandtheGalapagosIslandsandaprobleminFrenchPolynesia(MarquesasIslands),NewCaledonia,Hawai'iandFijiaswell.
Frugivorousbirds,aswellasratsandferalpigs,dispersetheseeds.
ItwillcontinuetobeaweedycomponentofthevegetationintheCookIslandsandmay,overtime,becomeevenmorewidespread.
Spathodeacampanulata(kō'ī'ī,mimi,pātītīvai,Africantuliptree)isfairlycommonasanornamentaltreeandisnaturalizedonRarotonga,Aitutakiand'Atiu.
ItisreportedpresentbytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjectbutwasnotseenonMa'uke.
ItisamajorprobleminFiji,theHawaiianIslandsandseveralotherplaces.
Theseedsarewind-dispersedanditalsopropagatesfromrootsuckersandcuttings.
Largetreesdonotstandupwelltowind.
ThepossibilityofbiologicalcontrolisbeinginvestigatedinFiji.
Stachytarphetacayennensis[=urticifolia](tiāki(Miti'aro),bluerat'stail)isverycommonintheCookIslandsasitisthroughoutthePacific.
Whilemostlyapestinopenareas,itcaninvadeintotheforest,particularlywhentherehasbeendisturbance.
OnMa'uke,StachytarphetajamaicensisisalsopresentintheareaaroundthereservoirandonAitutakiitisverycommonaroundtheairport.
Itisusuallymostprevalentinopenareas.
Syzygiumcumini(pistati,ka'ika,paramu(Aitutaki),Javaplum)isaseriousinvaderintheCookIslands.
Fruit-eatingbirdsandpossiblyalsopigsspreadtheseeds.
ItisreportedtobeaveryinvasivespeciesonRaiatea,FrenchPolynesia.
Thetreesproduceprolificfruit,resultinginnumerousseedlings.
ItisalreadywidespreadonRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,MangaiaandMa'uke.
ItappearstobestilllimitedinextentonMiti'aro(ontheroadtoTakaueandMangarei),butitwon'tbelongbeforeitwillbebeyondeffectivecontrol.
Tithoniadiversifolia(puarenga,tiarerengarenga(Aitutaki),kavakava,puarenga(Ma'uke),treemarigold,Mexicansunflower)iswidespreadindisturbedareasofAitutaki,MangaiaandMa'uke.
ItisalsopresentonRarotongaand'Atiu.
10InvasivespeciesoflimitedextentThefollowingspeciesarelimitedinextentorhaverecentlybecomeestablished.
Someofthemareonlyincultivationandcouldbeeradicatedatminimalcost.
Othersaremorewidespread,butarehigh-prioritycandidatesforeradicationorcontrolbecauseoftheirinvasivepotential.
Othersshouldbemonitoredforpossiblefutureaction,ifnecessary.
Acaciafarnesiana(titima,Ellingtoncurse,klu,sweetacacia)ispresentonRarotongaandAitutaki.
ThisthornyshrubisapestinFiji,FrenchPolynesia,NewCaledonia,SolomonIslandsandVanuatu.
AfewexamplesofAsparagussetaceus(remu,ornamentalasparagus)andA.
densiflorus(asparagusfern,sprengerifern)wereseen.
ThesewereincultivationonRarotonga,'AtiuandMiti'arobutanexampleofAsparagussetaceuswasseeninthewildonMangaia.
OnseveralislandsinTonga,thethornyvinesofAsparagussetaceushavebecomeestablishedintheforestunderstory,climbingintothecanopy.
AsparagusdensiflorushasrecentlybeenfoundtoberatherwidespreadinHawai'iontheislandofKauai.
Thereitisspreadingalongroadsidesandinvadingsecondaryforestandseemstohavetheabilitytowithstandherbicidetreatmentsusedtocontrolvegetationalongroads.
Theseedsofbotharebird-dispersedandtheymayspreadvegetativelythroughroottubers.
Theyarecommonlysoldasornamentals.
Wheretheyareonlyincultivationtheycouldbeeasilyeradicatedandfutureimportsprohibited.
Bryophyllumpinnatum[=Kalanchopinnata](ngāngā'eretoka,lifeplant)wasseenonlyincultivationonRarotongaandAitutakibutonMangaiaescapedplantswereseenreproducingalongtheroadsideatanumberoflocations.
Thisspeciesreproducesvegetatively,isshadetolerantandcanbeinvasiveontheforestfloor.
Cinnamomumverum(cinnamon)wasfoundtobeveryinvasiveinoursurveysofAmericanSamoaandSamoa.
ItisalsopresentinFiji,FrenchPolynesiaandHawai'i.
IntheCookIslandsitislocallynaturalizedonRarotongaandMiti'aro(Teukovero).
GivenitsobservedabilitytoinvadeforestsintheSamoas,thisspeciesmaywellbecomeaseriouspestontheseislands.
Clerodendrumchinense(pitatemāma'o,Honolulurose)isashade-tolerantspecies.
Itprimarilyreproducesfromrootsuckersandcanformdensethickets,crowdingoutotherspecies.
ItwasonlyseenonRarotonga.
Itshouldbeexcludedfromtheotherislandsoreradicatedifitbecomesestablished,asthisspeciesisconsideredaseriousplantpestwhereverithasbecomeestablishedthroughoutthePacific.
Cryptostegiamadagascariensis(Madagascarrubbervine)isaclimbingvinethatisreportedbytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjecttobecultivatedintheCookIslands.
Acloselyrelatedspecies,C.
grandiflora,hasbecomeaseriousprobleminnortheasternQueensland,AustraliaandisalsopresentinNewCaledoniaandFiji.
C.
madagascariensismayhavesimilarpotential.
Dieffenbachiaseguine(spotteddieffenbachiaordumbcane),acommonhouseandyardplant,wasseenincultivationonRarotonga,'AtiuandMangaiaandisreportedlypresentonMa'uke(BillSykes,pers.
com.
).
ThisspecieshasbecomeaprobleminAmericanSamoaandSamoaand11isreportedlypresentinFijiandFrenchPolynesia.
Wherefoundoutsideofcultivationthisspeciesshouldberemoved,asitreproducesvegetativelyandcanthriveinthedenseshadeofanintactnativeforestcanopy,particularlyinstreambottomsandothermoistareas,crowdingoutotherspecies.
Dissotisrotundifolia(dissotis,pinklady)isreportedbytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjecttobepresentbutrareincultivationonbothRarotongaandMa'uke.
SeriousinfestationsofthisspecieswereseeninSamoawhereitformsdensemats,shadingoutlow-growingspeciesandoccasionallyevenclimbingovershrubsandsmalltrees.
ThespeciesisalsofoundinAmericanSamoa(Tutuila)aswellasFiji,FrenchPolynesiaandHawai'i.
Egeriadensa(egeria,leafyelodea,densewaterweed)isreportedbytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjecttobepresentinRarotonga.
Thisisaseriousaquaticweed,commonlybecomingestablishedthroughdumpingofaquariumplants.
Onceestablished,spreadismainlythroughbroken-offpieces.
Eichhorniacrassipes(ririvai,waterhyacinth)isreportedpresentbytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjectinRarotongaandMangaia.
Waterhyacinthisawell-knownproblemworldwideinfreshwaterlakes,ponds,marshes,ditches,canalsandslow-movingstreams.
Itreproducesbothbyseedandvegetatively.
Gmelinaarborecaisspreadingon'Atiubutitsextentpresentlyseemstobelimited.
BillSykes(pers.
com.
)reportsthatitisalsopresentonRarotonga,butitwasnotseenduringthissurveyanditsstatusthereisunknown.
Lonicerajaponica(pitatepapa'ā,mangamangārima(Ma'uke),Japanesehoneysuckle)wasseenincultivationonRarotongaand'Atiu.
ItisalsoreportedbytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjecttobepresentincultivationonMangaiaandMa'uke.
ThisspeciesisaseriouspestinanumberofcountriesandisontheNewZealandnoxiousweedlistandbannedfromsaleinthatcountry.
Itcanbespreadbothbybirdsandcuttings,butmaybemostlyathreatathigherelevationsontropicalislands.
Macfadyenaunguis-cati(cat'sclawclimber)isanaggressivevinethatclimbstreesandalsoformsadensematontheground.
Controlisdifficultbecauseithastuberousrootsandreproducesfrompiecesandcuttings.
ItisaproblemspeciesinHawai'i.
ItiscultivatedasanornamentalinAustralia,wasobservedonNiueandisreportedtobemoderatelyinvasiveinNewCaledonia(Meyer,2000).
ItwasseenincultivationonRarotongaandhasthepotentialtojointheweedyvinesCardiospermumgrandiflorumandMikaniamicranthaasaseriouspestonRarotonga.
Merremiatuberosa(woodrose),aclimbing,smotheringvine,isnotableforitsaggressivebehavioronNiueandisalsoaproblemspeciesinHawai'i.
ItwasseenonRarotongaandmaybeplantedasanornamentalelsewhere.
Odontonematubaeforme(firespike,cardinalflower)wasseentoalimitedextentinthewildonRarotongaandMangaia.
Thisspeciesisinvasiveatanumberoflocationsinmoistforestsin12Samoa.
Althoughitprimarilyspreadsbyvegetativemeans,itisaproblemspeciesduetoitsabilitytoinvadetheunderstory.
Passiflorafoetida(love-in-a-mist)wasnotseenalthoughtheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjectreportsisolatedcollectionsonRarotonga.
ItisveryinvasiveonmostPacificislands.
BillSykes(pers.
com.
)reportsthatPistiastratiotes(waterlettuce,tropicalduckweed)ispresentonRarotonga.
Thisisanotheraquaticplantthatcanformdensematsinwaterways.
Plucheacarolinensis(sourbush)isreportedbytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjecttohavebeencollectedonPenrhynIsland.
ThisspeciesisawidespreadpestspeciesinHawai'i,commonlyinvadingalmosteveryhabitattype.
Theseedsarespreadbywindandpossiblybybirds.
PlucheaindicaislikewisepresentonPenrhyn.
BillSykessaysthatbothspecieswereapparentlyaccidentallyintroducedtoMotuMoananuiatthetimethatAmericanengineersbuilttheairstripintheSecondWorldWar.
AnexampleofScheffleraactinophylla(octopustree,umbrellatree)wasseenincultivationinAvarua,Rarotonga(infrontoftheCITCcenter).
Ithasbird-dispersedfruitsandisinvasiveinHawai'i,MicronesiaandFrenchPolynesia.
QuiteafewexamplesofScindapsusaureus('ara(Ma'uke),pothos,moneyplant)wereseenonRarotongaandMangaia.
ItisalsopresentonAitutakiandreportedtobepresentonMa'uke.
Thisspeciescaninvadetheforestunderstoryandclimbtrees.
Itreproducesvegetativelyfromcuttingsandpiecesanditisusuallyspreadbythedumpingofgardenwaste.
Sesbaniagrandiflora(hummingbirdtree,scarletwisteriatree)iscultivatedasanornamentalbuthasthepotentialtonaturalize,asitisdoinginAmericanSamoaandSamoa.
ItispresentincultivationonRarotongaandMangaia.
Setariapalmifolia(palmgrass)isreportedtobeincultivationonRarotonga(BillSikes(pers.
com.
)reportsfindingitinagardeninAvarua).
ThisgrassisveryinvasiveinSamoa,TahitiandHawai'iandisontheNewZealandnoxiousweedlist.
Windorbirdsdistributeitsseeds.
Solanumcapsicoides(poro'ititaratara,cockroachberry,devil'sapple,sodaapple)isreportedbytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjecttobepresentonRarotongaandMa'ukeandwasseenincultivationof'Atiu.
Althoughsmall,itisquitespinyandisnotadesirableadditiontothevegetationoftheseislands.
Itproduceslargeamountsofsmall,tomato-likefruitthatcanbeusedinmaking'ei.
Spreadmaybebybirds,pigsorhumans.
ThisspeciesisrapidlybecomingestablishedonTonga.
Syngoniumangustatum(arrowheadplant,goosefootplant),aclimbingaroid,ismostlycultivatedintheCookIslands,butescapeswerenotedonRarotonga,Aitutaki,MangaiaandMa'uke.
Thisspecieshastheabilitytospreadinthedeepshadeofintactforests,formingadensematontheforestflooraswellasclimbingtrees.
Itisdifficulttoeradicateasitisabletoreproducefromasinglenodeandbitsandpiecesofthestemsorrootsareeasilyoverlooked.
Itisoftenspread13fromdumpedgardencuttings.
ItisaproblemspeciesinAmericanSamoa,iswidespreadinHawai'iandisquiteinvasiveinNiue.
AratherlargeinfestationofTephrosiacandida(whitetephrosia)wasfoundintheareaofthedumponMangaia.
ThereisasmallinfestationonMiti'aroalongtheroadinTakaue.
Itisquitecommonon'AtiuandMa'ukeandwasseeninseveralplacesonAitutaki(mostnotablyonPiraki).
WeweredirectedtocultivatedspecimensofTibouchinaurvilleana(glorybush,lasiandra,princessflower)onRarotongabyGeraldMcCormackoftheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProject.
ThisspeciesisamajorprobleminHawai'i,formingdensethicketsinmoisthabitats.
Wedelia[=Sphagneticola]trilobata(wedelia,Singaporedaisy)hasbecomeaseriouspestonmanyPacificislands(Thaman,1999)aswellasinAustralia.
Itformsdensematsalongroadsidesandindisturbedareasandisaprobleminagriculture.
Controlbychemicalmeansisdifficultandmechanicalremovaloftenleavesnumerousnodesthatfreelyrootandrapidlyspread.
Eradicationinvolvesseveralvisitstothesiteforfollow-upaction.
ItispresentonRarotongaand'Atiu.
3.
Speciesthatareknownorlistedasbeingweedyorinvasiveelsewhereandarecommon,weedyorcultivatedintheCookIslandsAlargenumberofothercommon,weedyorcultivatedintroducedspecieswerenoted.
Manyofthesespecies,whichmightbestbetermedaggressiveweeds,aremostlyprevalentalongroadsidesorondisturbedsites,althoughsomespecies,particularlyalientrees,cangraduallyspreadintoforestecosystems.
Inthecaseofvinesandplantsthatformdensegroundcover,theregenerationofnativespeciescanbeinhibited.
Someofthesespeciescouldbecomeaprobleminthefuture,sincethereisoftenalonglagtimebetweenintroductionandwhenaspeciesbeginstocauseseriousimpacts.
Thesespecies(listedinAppendix1,Table3)shouldbemonitoredforspreadandpossiblecontrol,ifnecessary.
Anacardiumoccidentale(kātū,cashew)wasseennaturalizingonMa'ukeand'Atiu.
ThisisthefirsttimewehaveobservedthisspeciesnaturalizinginthePacific.
ItisreportedtobenaturalizedinWesternAustralia.
Antigononleptopus(chainofhearts,coralvine,),aclimbingvineoftenplantedasanornamental,isawidespreadpestonGuam.
Onlyafewexamples,incultivation,wereseenintheCookIslands.
Theaquaticmosquitofern,Azollafiliculoides(speciesidentifiedbyBillSykes,pers.
com.
),wasnotedintaropatches,pondsandslow-movingwateronRarotonga,MangaiaandMa'ukeandmaybepresentontheotherislandsofthesoutherngroupaswell.
Bauhiniamonandra(pine(Rarotonga),pīpī(Aitu),pī(Ma'ukeandMiti'aro),orchidtree)isquiteprevalentonRarotongaandisalsopresentontheotherislandsvisited.
ItisquiteweedyonAitutakiandMa'uke.
14Carludovicapalmata(Panama,Panamahatplant)wasseenincultivationonRarotongaand'Atiu.
ThisspecieswasfoundnaturalizingintheforestunderstoryonUpolu,Samoa,andthushasthepotentialtobeaninvasiveplantonothertropicalislands.
Crotalariamicans[=anagyroides](crotalaria),alargespecies(upto3mtall),isquiteprevalentindisturbedareasonMangaia.
Hemigraphisalternata(metalleaf,redivy)wasseenincultivation.
Thisspeciescannaturalizeandformsdenselowstands,excludingotherspecies,ifitescapescultivation.
Itisshadetolerantanddoeswellintheforestunderstory.
TwootherspecieswiththepotentialforsimilarbehaviorareTradescantiaspathacea(oysterplant,boatplant,Mosesinaboat)andT.
zebrina(wanderingjew).
ThesespeciesweremostlyseenplantedasornamentalsintheCookIslands,butonMa'ukelargeareasTradescantiaspathaceaaregrowingintheforestunderstory,onrocks,etc.
(similarbehaviorwasnotedonNiue).
TradescantiazebrinaisalsocommonoutsideofcultivationonMa'uke(anotableexampleistheareaaroundVaitangoCave).
ItiscommonforthesespeciestoescapeintotheforestunderstoryonPacificislands.
Theyareusuallyspreadthroughthedumpingofgardencuttings.
Indigoferasuffruticosa('initiko,indigo)isestablishedinsomeareasonRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,MangaiaandMa'ukeandislikelytobecomemorecommon.
ItisamajorweedspeciesinTonga.
Jasminumgrandiflorum(pītate(Ma'uke))ispresenton'Atiu,Ma'ukeandtheotherhighislandsoftheSouthernCooks.
Itislargelyincultivation,butspecimenswereseenoutsideofobviouscultivationonMa'uke.
Itappearstobespreadingonlyvegetatively,butitsabilitytopersistandformdenseclumpsisofconcern.
Murrayapaniculata(tiare'ānani,orangejessamine,satin-wood,Chinesebox)isahedgeandornamentalplant.
Ithasbird-dispersedseedsandthustheabilitytospread.
ThisspecieshasmostlybeenextirpatedfromtheCookIslands,however,becauseitallegedlycausedallergies.
InAsia,MurrayapaniculataisthepreferredhostoftheinsectpestDiaphorinacitri,thecitruspsyllid.
Thepsyllidisthevectorfortheseriousdisease"citrusgreening".
Ocimumgratissimum(miritītā,miritutaepuaka,miringanga'ere,miritupapaku,miripapa'ā,miritaratoni,wildbasil)ispresentonalltheislandssurveyed.
However,itisparticularlyprevalentindisturbedareasonRarotonga,'AtiuandMa'uke.
Passiflorarubra(pōkutekute('Atiu),redpassionfruit)ispresentoncliffs,alongroadsidesandindisturbedareasonalltheislandsvisited.
OnMa'ukeitissubjecttoacontrolprogram.
InthePacific,itisonlyreportedtobepresentintheCookIslands.
Ricinuscommunis(tuituipapa'ā,castorbean)isreportedbytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjecttobepresentincultivationonRarotongaandMangaiaandwasseengrowingwildneartheharboron'Atiu.
ThisisaweedyspeciesonmanyPacificislands,mostparticularlySamoaandTonga.
ItspotentialintheCookIslandsisunknown.
15NaturalizedclumpsofSancheziaparvibracteatawereseenonRarotongaanditwasseenincultivationonAitutakiand'Atiu('AtiuMotel).
SanchezianobiliswasseenincultivationonRarotonga.
BothofthesearepestspeciesinAustralia,wheretheyformdensethicketsinmoistareas.
Theyreproducevegetatively.
Sennatora(peanutweed)iswidespreadinfallowfieldsandotherdisturbedareasonMa'uke.
Tecomastans(tekoma,yellowbells,yellow-elder,yellowtrumpetbush)isaseriousinvaderofdisturbedareasinTongaandFrenchPolynesia.
Itgrowsindensestands,commonlywithotherweedyspecies.
Theseedsarewind-dispersed.
ItispresentonRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,MangaiaandMa'uke.
SomeotherexotictreespeciesthathavebeenintroducedtotheCookIslandsincludeAcaciaauriculiformis(ākasia,earleafacacia),Acaciamearnsii(ākasia,blackwattle,reportedtobecultivatedonRarotonga),Albizialebbeck('arapitia(Miti'aro),raintree),Canangaodorata(mata'oi,perfumetree),Cedrelaodorata(Mexicancedar),Ceibapentandra(vavai,kapok),Coffeaarabica(kaope,kaopeMaori,coffee),Grevilleabanksii(Banksgrevillea),Grevillearobusta(silkoak),Gliricidiasepium(motherofcacao,quickstick),Pinuscaribaea(painapapa'ā,Caribbeanpine),Syzygiumjambos(ka'ikapapa'ā,ka'ikatakataka,ka'ikavarani(Mangaia);ka'ika('Atiu),malabarplum)andThevetiaperuviana(venevene,yellowoleander).
Thesespeciescannaturalizeandaremoreorlesssuccessfuldependingonlocalconditions.
Forexample,AcaciaauriculiformiswasseennaturalizingonMangaia,CoffeaarabicawasseennaturalizedonalltheislandsvisitedandThevetiaperuvianawasseennaturalizingtoalimitedextentonbothMangaiaandMiti'aro.
Pinuscaribaea(Caribbeanpine)hasbeenwidelyplantedonMangaiaandisnaturalizingthereandtosomeextenton'AtiuandMa'uke.
InadditiontoPanicummaximum,Pennisetumpurpureum,PennisetumsetaceumandSetariapalmifolia,anumberofotherintroducedgrassesareestablished,includingArundodonax(giantreed),Axonopuscompressus(carpetgrass),Axonopusfissifolius(narrow-leavedcarpetgrass),Bothriochloabladhii(bluegrass,Australianbeardgrass),Cenchrusechinatus(piripiri,parango(Ngaputoru),burgrass);Chlorisbarbata(swollenfingergrass),Chlorisgayana(Rhodesgrass),Cynodondactylon,(matie,Burmudagrass),Cortaderiaselloana(pampasgrass,reportedcultivatedonRarotonga),Digitariaciliaris(fingergrass,smoothcrabgrass),Digitariaviolascens(smoothcrabgrass,violetcrabgrass),Eleusineindica(maukumārōki'aki'a,goosegrass),Melinisrepens(Natalgrass),Paspalumconjugatum(maukutaravao,maukukatini,Tgrass),Paspalumdilatatum(dallisgrass),Paspalumorbiculare[=scrobiculatum](mātā,ricegrass(perhapsindigenousorearlyintroduction)),Paspalumpaniculatum(matiemanutai,Russellrivergrass,galmarragrass),Paspalumurvillei(tinikarāti,Vaseygrass),Setariapumila(foxtail,hairy-tailgrass),Sporobolusindicus(smutgrass,wiregrass,Indiandropseed)(S.
indicusvar.
capensisisalsowidespreadperBillSykes,pers.
com.
),Stenotaphrumsecundatum,Urochloa[Brachiaria]mutica(maukupuakatoro,paragrass)andUrochloa[Brachiaria]subquadripara(greensummergrass).
Bamboo(Bambusavulgaris)isalsopresent.
OtherweedyspeciesincludeAbelmoschusmoschatus(vavaitara,ta'uri'au(Mangaia),muskmallow),Bidenspilosa(piripiri,piripirikerekere,niroa(Aitutaki),kamikatuarongo(Mangaia),16beggar'stick),Centrosemapubescens(piriarero(Miti'aro),centro),Clerodendrumbuchananii(rākautupopoku('Atiu),redclerodendrum,pagoda-flower),Commelinadiffusa(mauku-vai,mauku'oro'enua,maukupuakatoro,dayflower),Cyperusrotundus(ōniāni,mauku'ōniāni,'nutgrass,nutsedge),Elephantopusmollis(tapuvae'erepani,tapuae'erepani,vaevae'erepani,elephant'sfoot),Kyllinganemoralis(neke'enua,whitekyllinga),Leonurusjaponicus(vavaitara(Miti'aro),lion'stail),Macroptiliumatropurpureum(siratro,purplebushbean),Ruelliaprostrata(tītā'aruru(Miti'aro),blackweed,bellweed)andUrenalobata(piripiri,vavaitaratītā(Ma'uke),hibiscusburr).
DesmodiumheterocarponandDesmodiumgangeticumarebothcommonalongroadsidesattheveryleastonMangaiaandMa'ukeandprobablytheotherislandsinthesoutherngroup(exceptMiti'aro).
Gloriosasuperbaisnaturalizedoneveryisland.
Allpartsoftheplantareconsideredtobeextremelypoisonous.
AdditionalspeciesthatarecultivatedoroflimitedextentbuthavethepotentialtobecomemorewidespreadincludeAllamandacathartica(tiarerengarenga,pua,yellowtrumpetvine),Calliandrasurinamensis(Surinamesestickpea),Heliconiaspp.
(tiarepārata'ito,heliconia),Nymphaeaspp.
(ririvai,waterlily),Sambucusmexicana(elderberry,Mexicanelder)andSanseveriatrifasciata(riri,bowstringhemp,mother-in-law'stongue).
Someadditionalinvasiveplantspecies,mostlyruderalweedsorofagriculturalconcern,seenorreportedtobepresentarelistedinAppendix2.
4.
Nativespecies(orPolynesianintroductions)exhibitingaggressivebehaviorSomespreadofCasuarinaequisetifoliawasnotedfromplantingsintheuplandsofMangaia.
On'Atiu,Ma'ukeandMiti'aroitregeneratesquitereadily.
Chrysopogonaciculatus(Mackie'spest,lovegrass)isanaggressivegrass.
Merremiapeltata(merremia)canbequiteinvasivealongforestedgesandwherevertherehasbeendisturbance.
ItisnotknownwhetherthisspeciesisnativeoraPolynesianintroductionontheislandsofRarotonga,'AtiuandMiti'aro.
ItisamodernintroductiontoAitutaki.
Inanycase,whethernativeoranintroduction,itiscertainlyanaggressivevine,notonlyintheCookIslandsbutonotherPacificislandsaswell.
Tremaorientalis(charcoaltree,gunpowdertree)isreportedtobepresentinagullynearthetopofRangimotiaonMangaia(BillSykes,pers.
com.
).
ThisspecieshasbeenintroducedtoHawai'i,whereithasbecomeaseriousproblem.
ItshouldnotbeintroducedtotheotherCookIslands,whereitisapparentlynotpresent.
17StrategiesfordealingwithinvasivespeciesItwasnotourpurposetoperformareviewofquarantineoperationsandothermethodologiesforexcludingandmanaginginvasivespecies.
Rather,thefollowingstrategiesaregeneraloperationalprinciplesthathaveproveneffectiveindealingwithexoticpests.
Foramorein-depthtreatmentoftheprinciplesofinvasivespeciesmanagementthepublication"InvasiveAlienSpecies:AToolkitofBestPreventionandManagementPractices"isavailableontheinternet(http://www.
cabi-bioscience.
ch/wwwgisp/gt1main.
htm)orthePIER-CD.
TheCookIslandshaslawsandregulationsinplacethatdealwithquarantineandnewintroductions.
Thesearepresentlyunderreviewtoseeiftheymightneedtobestrengthened.
Inthecaseofnewintroductions,theabilitytotakepromptactionisessential,asexpandinginfestationssoonbecomeuneconomicaltocontrol.
Provisionforemergencyresponseproceduresandfundstodealwithimmediateproblemsshouldbeinplace.
Thefirstlineofdefenseagainstinvasivespecies,andthemostcost-effective,istokeepthemout.
TheCookIslandshasquarantinemeasuresinplaceandoperating.
Controlatportsofentryisessential,andthoseconcernedwiththeprotectionofnaturalecosystemsandquarantinemustworkcloselytogethertocombatknownandpotentialinvasiveplantspecies.
Plantquarantineofficersshouldbefamiliarwithbothagriculturalpestsandthosethatthreatennaturalandsemi-naturalecosystems.
Ataminimum,alistofknownundesirablespeciestobeexcludedshouldbedevelopedandexclusionofthesespeciesshouldbebackedbytheforceoflawandregulation.
Betteryetistoutilizeriskassessment(nowusedbyAustraliaandNewZealandandunderseriousconsiderationbyanumberofothercounties)toexcludeallalienspeciesnotshowntobeofacceptablerisk.
Riskassessmentandmanagementtechniquescanbeusedtoassessthelikelihoodandeffectsofpossibleintroductionsandtodevelopexclusionanderadicationstrategies.
TheCookIslandsistobecommendedforestablishinginternalquarantine.
Asistypical,themainislandofRarotonga,whichisthefocalpointofcommerceandtravel,hasmanymoreinvasivespeciespresentthantheouterislands.
MaintainingandstrengtheninginternalquarantinewilldomuchtopreventthespreadofunwantedspecieswithintheCookIslands.
ManyPacificcountriesorindividualislandshaveformedinvasivespeciescommitteesorworkinggroups.
Closeandimmediatecoordinationandcooperationbetweenvariousgovernmentdepartmentsandotherentitiesisessentialwhenaninvasivespeciesproblemisencountered,especiallywhenthereisaneedtomovequicklytopreventintroductionortoeradicateanintroducedspecies.
Suchgroupscanbeeffectivebothforlong-termstrategicactions,suchasreviewandstrengtheningofrelevantlawsandregulations,aswellasshort-termtacticalandoperationalproblems,suchasactionwhenanewspeciesisfoundtohavebeenintroduced.
Typically,anoverallmanagementplanisdevelopedtogetherwithaprioritizedactionplan.
Amongotherthings,actionplanningaddressescriticalareastoprotect,speciessubjecttocontroloreradicationandassignmentofresponsibilityforspecificcontroloreradicationmeasures.
Time,moneyandpeoplearealwaysinlimitedsupplyandmustbe18directedtotheplaceswheretheywilldothemostgood.
Somerecommendationsaremadebelowastopossiblemanagementactionsagainstsomeindividualplantspecies,butthesemustbetestedagainstavailableresourcesandlocalpriorities.
Educationofthepublicaboutthedangerofintroductionsandencouragingtheuseofnativeandlow-riskintroducedspeciesneedstocontinue.
Peopleneedtobeencouragedtotakeresponsibleactionssuchasfollowingquarantineregulations,notdumpinggardencuttingsinthewoodsoralongroadsidesandreportingsuspiciousplants.
Therearemanyinstanceswhereaninvasiveplantstartedoutasaprettyflowerplantedinayardorgarden.
Publicserviceannouncementsontelevisionorradiocanbeusedand"wanted"posterscanbepreparedforcriticalspecies.
Educationofschoolchildrenisespeciallyimportant,asthisisthemostimpressionableage.
Childrencanalsohaveanotableeffectontheactionsoftheirparents.
Promptfollow-uptopublicreportsandinquiriesisessentialtomaintainthecredibilityofapubliceducationprogram.
Thepublicalsoneedstounderstandthattheimmediateeradicationofaproblemspecies,evenifitinvolvestheuseofpesticides,maybebetterthanlivingwiththeimpactforever.
Therearemanyinstanceswhereyouhearpeoplesay,"Iwishwe'dtakenactionwhenthispestwasfirstnoticed".
Itmayevenbeworthwhiletotakepeopletoaplacewheretheycanbeshownthefullextentoftheproblemifaninfestationisallowedtospreadsothattheywillunderstand,acceptandsupporteradication.
Forexample,anyonevisitingTahitiwouldverylikelybeconvincedthatMiconiacalvescensisanecologicaldisasterandthatitshouldbepreventedfrombecomingestablishedonotherPacificislands.
Thepublicmustbeinformedandinvolvedinanyproposedcontroloreradicationactions.
Localnurseries,botanicalgardensorplantimporterscanbesourcesofnewintroductions.
Apositiveapproachistoworktogethertoexcludeknowninvadersandtodevelopa"whitelist"ofbothnativeandnon-nativespeciesthatthepubliccanbeencouragedtoplant.
Likewise,localhomegardeningassociationscanperformanimportanteducationfunctionfortheirmembersinwhatspeciestoavoid.
Field-goingpersonnelshouldbealerttonewspeciesthatexhibitinvasivebehavior.
Often,thesespeciesfirstshowupinurbanorfarmareasbecausetheyareusuallyintroducedbypeopleandtendtofirstbecomeestablishedingardens,farmsanddisturbedareas.
Suspiciousplantspeciesshouldbepromptlyreportedandinvestigated.
Periodicallyscheduledsurveyscanalsobeconductedforneworexpandinginfestations.
Anevaluationshouldbeconductedforanynewspeciesthatappearstobeinvasiveorisknowntobeinvasiveelsewhere.
Assistancebyanexpertwhoisfamiliarwiththespeciesandmethodsforitseradicationorcontrolshouldberequestedifneeded.
Promptactionisessential,sinceonceaspeciesbecomeswidespread,controloreradicationcanbeextremelycostlyorimpossible.
Assistanceisalsoavailableon-linefromexpertsthroughtheAliensandPacificPestnetlist-servers.
TheCookIslandsisfortunatetohavetheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProject,whichmaintainsanexhaustiveandcontinuouslyupdateddatabaseonbothnativeandintroducedspecies.
ThisdatabaseprovidesbaselinedataonthespeciespresentintheCookIslandsandtheirlocation.
TheProjectisavaluableresourceforspeciesidentification,adviceandtrainingandshouldbeutilizedtoitsfullest.
19RecommendationsInadditiontotheabovegeneralstrategies,weofferthefollowingspecificrecommendations:MakeeveryefforttokeepoutallthespecieslistedinAppendix1,Table1.
Alloftheseareknowninvasivespecieselsewhere,andthereisnosenseinrunningtheriskthattheywillactthesameintheCookIslands.
Newspeciesanddataareperiodicallyaddedtothedatabase.
ForthosewithInternetaccess,thisinformationcanbefoundathttp://www.
hear.
org/pier.
TheinformationisalsoavailableonthePIER-CDforlocaluseandupdatesaremailedoutaboutonceayear.
AssistancefromexpertsinidentifyingandmanaginginvasivespeciescanalsobeobtainedbysubscribingandpostinginquiriestotheAliensandPacificPestnetlistservers.
TakespecialmeasurestokeepoutthespecieslistedonthenextpageinTableA(Albiziachinensis,Castillaelastica,Chromolaenaodorata,Clerodendrumquadriloculare,ClidemiahirtaandothermembersofthefamilyMelastomataceae,Cocciniagrandis,Cordiaalliodora,Elaeocarpusangustifolius,Funtumiaelastica,Hiptagebenghalensis,Imperatacylindricaandothergrassspeciesnotalreadypresent,Kyllingapolyphylla,Ligustrumspp.
,Maesopsiseminii,Melaleucaquinquenervia,Melinisminutiflora,Mucunapuriens,PassifloratarminianaandotherPassifloraspeciesnotalreadypresent,Pimentadioica,Piperaduncum,Piperauritum,Pithecellobiumdulce,allRubusspecies,Schinusterebinthifolius,SolanumtorvumandTibouchinaherbacea),tomonitorfortheiroccurrenceandtoeradicatethemimmediatelyiffound.
Theseareallwell-documentedproblemspeciesthathavehadamajorimpactonnaturalecosystemselsewhere.
Thepotentialimpactofthesespecies,iftheyareintroducedandbecomeestablished,isverysevere.
ExtraordinarymeasuresneedtobeemployedagainstMiconiacalvescensbecauseitseffectontheCookIslands'ecosystemswouldbesodevastatingifintroduced.
Ataminimum,quarantineofficersshouldbealerttopeoplewhomighthavebeeninthewoodsorruralareasinFrenchPolynesia(particularlytheislandsofTahiti,Moorea,RaiateaandTaha'a)orHawai'i(especiallytheislandofHawai'i),andinspecttheirshoesorbootsforseeds.
AnytrucksorequipmentcomingfromFrenchPolynesiaorHawai'i,particularlythosethathavebeenusedinruralareas,mustbepowerwashedorsteamcleaned.
Anyinfestationspickedupfrompublicreportingorscoutingshouldbepromptlyeradicatedbeforetheplantssetseed.
Beverycautiousinintroducingnewgrasses,asmanyofthemareaggressiveinvaders.
Also,grassseedisinvariablycontaminatedwithother,possiblyinvasive,grassesorweeds.
20TableA.
PriorityspeciesforexclusionfromtheCookIslandsScientificNameCommonNames(abridged)FamilyInvasivein:AlbiziachinensisChinesealbizia,silktreeFabaceaeHawai'i,Samoa,MauritiusCastillaelasticaPanamarubbertreeMoraceaeAmericanSamoa,Hawai'i,FrenchPolynesia,SamoaChromolaenaodorataSiamweed,triffidweedAsteraceaeAustralia,Micronesia,PapuaNewGuinea,Philippines,SoutheastAsiaClerodendrumquadrilocularebronze-leavedclerodendrumVerbenaceaeMicronesiaClidemiahirtaKoster'scurseMelastomataceaeAmericanSamoa,Fiji,Hawai'i,Palau,PapuaNewGuinea,Samoa,SolomonIslands,VanuatuCocciniagrandisivygourd,scarlet-fruitedgourdCucurbitaceaeSaipan,Hawai'iCordiaalliodoraEcuadorlaurelBoraginaceaeTonga,Samoa,VanuatuElaeocarpusangustifoliusbluemarbletreeElaeocarpaceaeSamoaFuntumiaelasticaAfricanrubbertreeApocynaceaeSamoaHiptagebenghalensishiptageMalpighiaceaeHawai'i,Réunion,MauritiusImperatacylindricabladygrass,cogongrassPoaceaeAustralia,NewZealand,Micronesia,NewCaledonia,PapuaNewGuinea,Philippines,SolomonIslands,South-eastAsia,VanuatuKyllingapolyphyllaNavuasedgeCyperaceaeSamoaLigustrumspp.
privetOleaceaeMauritius,LaRéunionMaesopsiseminiiumbrellatree,musiziRhamnaceaeFijiMelaleucaquinquenerviamelaleuca,cajeput,paperbarktree,punktreeMyrtaceaeUS(Florida)MelinisminutifloramolassasgrassPoaceaeFrenchPolynesia,Hawai'iMiconiacalvescensmiconia,velvetleaf,purpleplague,bushcurrantMelastomataceaeFrenchPolynesia,Hawai'iMucunaprurienscowitchFabaceaeSaipanPassifloratarminianabananapoka,bananapassionfruit,bananadillaPassifloraceaeHawai'iPimentadioicaallspice,pimentoMyrtaceaeTonga('Eua)PiperaduncumspikedpepperPiperaceaeFiji,PapuaNewGuinea,SolomonIs.
Piperauritumearedpepper,anisepepper,falsekavaPiperaceaeHawai'i,Pohnpei,Samoa,TongaPithecellobiumdulceMadrasthorn,ManilatamarindFabaceaeHawai'i,Fiji,FrenchPolynesiaPlucheacarolinensissourbushAsteraceaeHawai'i,Tonga(reportedalreadypresentonPenrhyn)Rubusspeciesraspberries,blackberries,bramblesRosaceaeHawai'i,FrenchPolynesia,etc.
SchinusterebinthifoliusChristmas-berry,BrazilianpepperAnacardiaceaeHawai'i,US(Florida)Solanumtorvumpricklysolanum,devil'sfigSolanaceaeFrenchPolynesia,Samoa,TongaTibouchinaherbaceaglorybush,caneti,tibouchinaMelastomataceaeHawai'iAllgrassesallothergrassspeciesnotalreadypresentPoaceaepan-tropicalAllmelastomesallothermelastomesMelastomataceaeHawai'i,etc.
Note:Appendix1,Table1isacompletelistofinvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciesnotyetpresentintheCookIslands.
21ThespecieslistedinTableB,seenorreportedtobeonlyincultivation(althoughoneplantofAsparagussetaceuswasseeninthewildonMangaiaandtheRicinuscommunisseenattheharborareaon'Atiuappearedtobeanescape),shouldbecloselymonitoredforspreador,betteryet,eradicatediftherearefewexamples,astheyarealsowell-documentedinvasiveselsewhere.
TheymaybehavesimilarlyintheCookIslandsiftheyescapecultivation.
Theyshouldalsobesubjecttointer-islandquarantine.
TableB.
CultivatedspeciesofpossiblethreattotheCookIslandsScientificNameCommonNames(abridged)FamilyPresenton:Invasivein:Ardisiacrenatahen'seyes,HilohollyMyrsinaceaeRarotongaFiji,Hawai'iAsparagusdensiflorusasparagusfern,sprengerifernLiliaceaeRarotongaHawai'iAsparagussetaceusornamentalasparagus,climbingasparagusfern,remu(CookIslands)LiliaceaeRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Miti'aro,Palmerston**Tonga,LordHoweIslandBryophyllumdelagoensechandelierplantCrassulaceaeRarotonga**Hawai'iCarludovicapalmataPanamahatplant,PanamāCyclanthaceaeRarotonga,'AtiuSamoaCedrelaodorataMexicancedarMeliaceaeRarotonga,'AtiuSouthAfricaCortaderiaselloanasilverpampasgrassPoaceaeRarotonga*Australia,NewZealand,USCryptostegiamadagascariensisrubbervineAsclepiadaceaeRarotonga*,Mangaia*,'Atiu*Australia(Queensland)Dieffenbachiaseguinedieffenbachia,dumbcaneAraceaeRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia*,Ma'uke**,Penrhyn*AmericanSamoa,SamoaDissotisrotundifoliapinkladyMelastomataceaeRarotonga*,Ma'uke*SamoaErigeronkarvinkianusMexicandaisy,seasidedaisy,daisyfleabaneAsteraceaeRarotongaHawai'i,LaRéunionGrevilleabanksiiBanksgrevilleaProteaceaeRarotonga**Hawai'iGrevillearobustasilkoakProteaceaeRarotonga,Mangaia*,'Atiu*FrenchPolynesia(Rurutu)HedychiumflavescensyellowgingerZingiberaceaeRarotonga*,Mangaia*,'Atiu*,Ma'uke*NewZealand,LaRéunionHedychiumgardnerianumkahiligingerZingiberaceaeRarotonga*,MangaiaNewZealand,LaRéunionLonicerajaponicaJapanesehoneysuckle,pitatepapa'āCaprifoliaceaeRarotonga,Mangaia*,'Atiu,Ma'uke*Australia,Hawai'i,NewZealandMurrayapaniculataorangejessamine,tiare'ānani(CookIslands)PoaceaeRarotonga(rare)*,Mangaia(rare)*,'Atiu(rare)FrenchPolynesia,Hawai'i;hosttocitruspsyllidPennisetumsetaceumfountaingrassPoaceaeRarotonga*Hawai'i,CanaryIslandsRicinuscommuniscastorbean,tuituipapa'ā(CookIslands)EuphorbiaceaeRarotonga*,Mangaia*,'AtiuHawai'i,Samoa,TongaandelsewhereScheffleraactinophyllaoctopustree,umbrellatreeAraliaceaeRarotongaFrenchPolynesia,Hawai'i,MicronesiaSesbaniagrandiflorascarletwisteriatree,sesbanFabaceaeRarotonga*,MangaiaSamoaSetariapalmifoliapalmgrassPoaceaeRarotonga**Samoa,Hawai'i,TahitiTibouchinaurvilleanaprincessflower,glorybush,lasiandraMelastomataceaeRarotongaHawai'i*NotseenbutreportedpresentbytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProject.
**NotseenbutreportedpresentbyBillSykes.
22Anumberofinvasivespeciesarewidespreadonallthesoutherngroupofislands.
TheseincludeAbelmoschusmoschatus,Adenantherapavonina,Bauhiniamonandra,Bidenspilosa,Cenchrusechinatus,Coffeaarabica,Commelinadiffusa,Cyperusrotundus,Desmodiumgangeticum,Desmodiumheterocarpon,Elephantopismollis,Kyllinganemoralis,Meliaazedarach,Ocimumgratissimum,PaspalumConjugatum,Passiflorarubra,Psidiumguajava,Ruelliaprostrata,StachytarphetacayennensisandTithoniadiversifolia.
Aboutallthatcanbedonewiththesespeciesistocontrolthemasneededonalocalbasis.
Mostinvasiveplantspeciesarenotyetpresentonalltheislandsofthesoutherngroup.
Rarotongahasthemostweedyspecies;therearesignificantlyfewerontheouterislands.
TheCookIslandshasalreadyestablishedinter-islandquarantineprocedures.
Itisveryimportantthatthisquarantinebemaintainedandstrengthenedtopreventthemovementofinvasiveplantsandotherspeciesbetweenislands.
TableCshowsthespeciesthatshouldbesubjecttointer-islandquarantineand,forusebytheislandquarantineofficers,Appendices11-16show,foreachisland,thespeciesthatarenotpresenttherebutarepresentonotherislandsinthesoutherngroup.
Especiallycriticalforinter-islandquarantinearethemajorinvasivespecies.
TableC.
Speciesthatshouldbesubjecttointer-islandquarantine(southernCookIslands)ScientificNamePresenton:AcaciaaulacocarpaMangaiaAcaciaauriculiformisRarotonga,MangaiaAcaciacrassicarpa'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAcaciacurassavicaMa'ukeAcaciafarnesianaRarotonga,AitutakiAcaciamangiumRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAcaciamearnsiiRarotongaAlbizialebbeckRarotonga,Miti'aroAllamandacatharticaRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAlpiniapurpurataRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukeAnacardiumoccidentale'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAnnonasquamosaRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroAnrederacordifoliaRarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaAntigononleptopusRarotonga,Aitutaki,'AtiuArdisiacrenataRarotongaArdisiaellipticaRarotonga,Aitutaki,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAristolochialittoralisMangaiaArundodonaxRarotongaAsparagusdensiflorusRarotongaAsparagussetaceusRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Miti'aroAxonopuscompressusRarotongaAxonopusfissifoliusRarotongaAzadirachtaindicaRarotongaAzollafiliculoidesRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeBambusavulgarisRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroBauhiniapurpureaRarotongaBauhiniavariegataRarotongaBothriochloabladhiiAitutakiBryophyllumdelagoenseRarotonga23ScientificNamePresenton:BryophyllumpinnatumRarotonga,Aitutaki,MangaiaCalliandrahaematocephalaRarotongaCalliandrasurinamensisRarotongaCallisiafragransAitutaki,'AtiuCalopogoniummucunoidesRarotonga,'Atiu,Ma'uke,Miti'aroCalotropisgiganteaRarotongaCardiospermumgrandiflorumRarotongaCardiospermumhalicacabumMiti'aroCarludovicapalmataRarotonga,'AtiuCecropiaobtusifoliaRarotongaCedrelaodorataRarotonga,'AtiuCeibapentandraRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'uke,Miti'aroCestrumdiurnumRarotonga,MangaiaCestrumnocturnumRarotonga,MangaiaChlorisbarbataRarotongaCinnamomumcamphoraRarotongaCinnamomumverumRarotonga,Miti'aroClerodendrumbuchananiivar.
fallaxRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeClerodendrumchinenseRarotongaClitoriaternateaRarotongaCortaderiaselloanaRarotongaCostusspeciosusRarotonga,'AtiuCrotalariamicansMangaia,Ma'ukeCryptostegiamadagascariensisRarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaCuscutacampestrisRarotonga,MangaiaCynodondactylonRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroCyperusinvolucratusRarotonga,AitutakiDerrisellipticaRarotongaDesmodiumtortuosumMangaiaDieffenbachiaseguineRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeDigitariaviolascensRarotongaDissotisrotundifoliaRarotonga,Ma'ukeDurantaerectaRarotongaEgeriadensaRarotongaEichhorniacrassipesRarotonga,MangaiaEleusineindicaRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroErigeronkarvinskianusRarotongaFalcatariamoluccanaRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeFicusbenjaminaRarotongaFicuselasticaRarotonga,'AtiuFicusmacrophyllaRarotongaFlemingiamacrophyllaRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeFlacourtiajangomasRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeFlacourtiarukamRarotongaFlemingiastrobiliferaRarotonga,'AtiuFurcraeafoetidaRarotonga,Aitutaki,MangaiaGliricidiasepiumRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeGmelinaarboreaRarotonga,'AtiuGrevilleabanksiiRarotongaGrevillearobustaRarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaHedychiumcoronariumRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroHedychiumflavescensRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeHedychiumgardnerianumRarotonga,MangaiaHeliconiaspp.
Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukeHemigraphisalternataRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeHippobromalongifloraRarotonga,Aitutaki,Mangaia24ScientificNamePresenton:HylocereusundatusRarotongaHyptispectinataRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Miti'aroIndigoferasuffruticosaRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeIpomoeaaquaticaRarotongaJacarandamimosifoliaRarotongaJatrophacurcasRarotonga,'Atiu,Ma'ukeJusticiacarneaRarotongaKyllingabrevifoliaRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroLablabpurpureusRarotongaLantanacamaraRarotonga,'AtiuLeonurusjaponicusRarotonga,Aitutaki,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroLeptospermumscopariumRarotongaLeucaenaleucocephalaRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,MangaiaLicualagrandisRarotongaLonicerajaponicaRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeMacfadyenaunguis-catiRarotongaMacroptiliumatropurpureumRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'uke,Miti'aroMelicoccusbijugatusRarotonga,'AtiuMelinisrepensRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeMerremiapeltataRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Miti'aroMerremiatuberosaRarotongaMikaniamicranthaRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'uke,Miti'aroMimosainvisaAitutakiMuntingiacalaburaRarotongaMurrayapaniculataRarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaNymphaeaspp.
Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeOdontonematubaeformeRarotonga,MangaiaOperculinaventricosaRarotongaOpuntiaspp.
Rarotonga,AitutakiPanicummaximumRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeParaseriantheslophanthaRarotongaPaspalumdilatatumRarotonga,Ma'uke,Miti'aroPaspalumpaniculatumRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukePaspalumurvilleiRarotonga,MangaiaPassiflorafoetidaRarotongaPassifloralaurifoliaMa'ukePassifloraligularisMa'ukePassifloramaliformisRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroPennisetumpurpureumRarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaPennisetumsetaceumRarotongaPhyllostachysbissetiiMangaiaPhyllostachysnigraRarotongaPimentaracemosaRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroPistiastratiotesRarotongaPlatyceriumbifurcatumRarotongaPlucheacarolinensisPenrhynPlucheaindicaPenrhynPsidiumcattleianumRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroPuerariaphaseoloidesRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukePyrostegiavenustaRarotongaQuisqualisindicaRarotongaRicinuscommunisRarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaSamaneasamanRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroSanchezianobilisRarotongaSancheziaparvibracteataRarotonga,Aitutaki,'AtiuScheffleraactinophyllaRarotonga25ScientificNamePresenton:ScindapsusaureusRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeSennaalataRarotongaSennasiamea'AtiuSennatoraMa'ukeSesbaniagrandifloraRarotonga,MangaiaSetariapumilaRarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaSetariapalmifoliaRarotongaSolandramaximaRarotonga,MangaiaSolanumcapsicoidesRarotonga,'Atiu,Ma'ukeSolanummauritianumRarotonga,AitutakiSpathodeacampanulataRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukeSporobolusindicusRarotonga,AitutakiStenotaphrumsecundatumRarotongaStylosanthesguianensis'Atiu,Ma'ukeSyngoniumangustatumRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeTabebuiaheterophyllaRarotongaTecomastansRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeTephrosiacandidaAitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroThevetiaperuvianaRarotonga,Mangaia,Miti'aroThunbergiaalataRarotongaThunbergiafragransRarotonga,Mangaia,Miti'aroThunbergiagrandifloraRarotongaThunbergialaurifoliaRarotongaTibouchinaurvilleanaRarotongaToonaciliataMangaiaTradescantiazebrinaRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeTremaorientalisMangaiaTriumfettarhomboideaRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroTriumfettasemitrilobaRarotonga,AitutakiUrenalobataRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroUrochloamuticaRarotonga,Aitutaki,Miti'aroUrochloasubquadriparaMa'uke,Miti'aroWedeliatrilobataRarotonga,'AtiuWedidnotsurveythenortherngroupofislandsbuttheyarereportedbytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjecttohavesignificantlyfewerinvasiveplants,asshowninAppendix10.
BasedoninformationfurnishedbyCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProject,Appendix17showsthespeciesthatshouldbeexcludedfromtheseislandsthroughinter-islandquarantine.
TableDshowsthemostseriousinvasiveplantspeciesintheCookIslandsandsummarizesrecommendationsfortheirmanagement.
Inmanycases,moredetailsandisland-specificrecommendationsfollowthetable.
26TableD.
SummaryofmajorinvasivespeciespresentintheCookIslandswithrecommendationsfortheirmanagementScientificNameCommonNames(abridged)FamilyPresenton:RecommendationsAcaciacrassicarpanorthernwattle,PapuaNewGuinearedwattleFabaceae'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeLimitfurtherplantingtoareaswheredesired;monitorspread,controlwherenecessary.
AcaciacurassavicaredwoodFabaceaeMa'ukeControlasneededinsensitiveandnaturalareas.
AcaciafarnesianaEllingtoncurse;titima(CookIslands)FabaceaeRarotonga*,Aitutaki*Monitorspreadandcontrolasnecessary;inter-islandquarantineAcaciamangiummangium;ākasia(CookIslands)FabaceaeRarotonga*,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Penrhyn**Limitfurtherplantingtoareaswheredesired;monitorspread,controlwherenecessary.
Adenantherapavoninacoralbeantree,redbeadtree;matakōviriviri(CookIslands);kōviriviri,tavara(CookIslands(Mangaia));pitipiti'ō(CookIslands('Atiu));FabaceaeRarotonga,'Atiu,Aitutaki,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroControlasneededinsensitiveandnaturalareas.
Ardisiacrenatahen'seyes,HilohollyMyrsinaceaeRarotonga**Eradication.
Ardisiaellipticashoebuttonardisia;venevenetinitō(CookIslands)MyrsinaceaeRarotonga,Aitutaki,Mangaia,Ma'ukeEvaluateforcontroloreradicationonAitutakiandMa'uke;controllocallyonRarotongaandMangaia;inter-islandquarantineAsparagusdensiflorusasparagusfern,sprengerifernLiliaceaeRarotonga(cult.
)Eradicatewherepossible;banfurtherimportsandplanting;inter-islandquarantineAsparagussetaceusornamentalasparagus,climbingasparagusfern;remu(CookIslands)LiliaceaeMangaia;cultivatedonRarotongaAitutaki,'AtiuandMiti'aro,Palmerston**Eradicatewherepossible;banfurtherimportsandplanting;inter-islandquarantineAzollafiliculoidesmosquitofernAzollaceaeRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeControlasneededinwetlands;inter-islandquarantineBryophyllumpinnatumlifeplant,airplant;ngāngā'eretoka(CookIslands)CrassulaceaeRarotonga(cult.
),Aitutaki(cult.
),MangaiaLimitplantingifpossible,controloutsideofcultivation,inter-islandquarantineCardiospermumgrandiflorumballoonvine;heartseed;kopūpūtakaviri(CookIslands)SapindaceaeRarotongaControlasneededinsensitiveandnaturalareas;inter-islandquarantineCecropiaobtusifoliatrumpettree,guarumo;rau-māniota(CookIslands)CecropiaceaeRarotongaInter-islandquarantineCestrumdiurnumChinaberry;ariki-va'ine(CookIslands)SolanaceaeMangaiaControlasneededinsensitiveandnaturalareas;inter-islandquarantineCestrumnocturnumnight-floweringcestrum,queen(orlady)ofthenight;tiareariki-va'ine,ariki-va'ine(CookIslands)SolanaceaeRarotonga,MangaiaControlasneededinsensitiveandnaturalareas;inter-islandquarantineCinnamomumverumcinnamontreeLauraceaeRarotonga,Miti'aroEvaluateforcontroloreradicationonRarotonga;eradicateonMiti'aroClerodendrumchinenseHonolulurose;pītatemāma'o(CookIslands)VerbenaceaeRarotongaControlspreadasnecessary;inter-islandquarantineCyperusinvolucratusumbrellasedgeCyperaceaeRarotonga,AitutakiControlspreadtosensitivewetlands;inter-islandquarantineDieffenbachiaseguinedieffenbachia,dumbcaneAraceaeRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia*,Ma'uke**,Penrhyn*(cult.
alllocations)Controloutsideofcultivation;discouragefurtherplanting;discouragedumpingofgardenwaste;inter-islandquarantine27ScientificNameCommonNames(abridged)FamilyPresenton:RecommendationsDissotisrotundifoliadissotis,pinkladyMelastomataceaeRarotonga(cult.
)*,Ma'uke(cult.
)*Eradicateifpossible;monitorspreadandcontroliferadicationnotpossible;inter-islandquarantineEgeriadensaegeria,leafyelodea,densewaterweedHydrocharitaceaeRarotonga*EradicateorcontrolinsensitivewaterwaysEichhorniacrassipeswaterhyacinth;ririvai(CookIslands(Mangaia))PontederiaceaeRarotonga*,Mangaia*EradicateorcontrolinsensitivewaterwaysErigeronkarvinskianusMexicandaisy,seasidedaisy,daisyfleabaneAsteraceaeRarotonga**EradicateEugeniaunifloraSurinamcherry;venevene(CookIslands);menemene(CookIslands(Mangaia))MyrtaceaeRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu*Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroControlspreadoreradicatewherepossible;inter-islandquarantineFalcatariamoluccanaMoluccaalbizia;'ārapitia(CookIslands)FabaceaeRarotonga,Mangaia,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukeControllocallyandinsensitiveornaturalareasFlemingiamacrophyllaFabaceaeRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'uke(cult.
)EradicateonMa'uke;controlspreadoreradicateifpossibleonRarotongaandMangaia;inter-islandquarantineFlemingiastrobiliferaluckplant,wildhopsFabaceaeRarotonga*,'Atiu(cult.
)Eradicateon'Atiu;controlspreadoreradicateifpossibleonRarotonga;inter-islandquarantine**Gmelinaarboricagmelina,whiteteakVerbenaceaeRarotonga,'AtiuEvaluateforcontroloreradication.
Hedychiumcoronariumwhiteginger;kōpīteatea,re'ateatea(CookIslands)ZingiberaceaeRarotonga,'Atiu(cult.
),Mangaia*,Ma'uke*,Miti'aro*Controloutsideofcultivation;inter-islandquarantineHedychiumflavescensyellowginger;re'arengrenga(CookIslands)ZingiberaceaeRarotonga*,'Atiu,Mangaia*,Ma'uke*(cult.
alllocations)Controloutsideofcultivation;inter-islandquarantineHedychiumgardnerianumkahiliginger;kōpī(CookIslands)ZingiberaceaeRarotonga*(cult.
),Mangaia(cult.
)Controloutsideofcultivation;inter-islandquarantineHemigraphisalternatametalleafAcanthaceaeRarotonga,Aitutaki(cult.
),'Atiu(cult.
),Mangaia(cult.
),Ma'uke(cult.
)Controloutsideofcultivation;inter-islandquarantineHyptispectinatacombhyptis,mintweed;miritītā(CookIslands('Atiu))LamiaceaeRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Miti'aro*Inter-islandquarantineIndigoferasuffruticosaindigo;'initiko(CookIslands)FabaceaeRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu*,MangaiaInter-islandquarantineLantanacamaralantana;tātarāmoa(CookIslands)VerbenaceaeRarotonga,'AtiuInvestigatethepossibilityofbiologicalcontrolon'Atiu;Inter-islandquarantineLeucaenaleucocephalaleucaena,wildtamarind;nītō,mara'inu(CookIslands)FabaceaeRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeInter-islandquarantineLonicerajaponicaJapanesehoneysuckle;pitatepapa'ā(CookIslands);mangamangārima(CookIslands(Ma'uke))CaprifoliaceaeRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia*,Ma'uke*(cult.
alllocations)Inter-islandquarantine,monitorforpossiblespreadathigherelevationsMacfadyenaunguis-caticat's-clawclimberBignoniaceaeRarotonga(cult.
)Eradicateorcontrolspreadifpossible;inter-islandquarantineMeliaazedarachChinaberry;tīra(CookIslands)MeliaceaeRarotonga*,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aro*Controllocallyandinnaturalandsensitiveareas;inter-islandquarantine28ScientificNameCommonNames(abridged)FamilyPresenton:RecommendationsMerremiapeltatamerremia;kūrima(CookIslands('Atiu))ConvolvulaceaeRarotonga,'Atiu,Miti'aro(native/Polynesianintroductionontheseislands);Aitutaki(recentintroduction)Controllocallyandinnaturalandsensitiveareas;inter-islandquarantineMerremiatuberosawoodroseConvolvulaceaeRarotongaControllocally;monitorspread;inter-islandquarantineMikaniamicranthamile-a-minuteweed;pōkutekute(CookIslands('Atiu))AsteraceaeRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu*,Ma'uke,Miti'aroEradicateonMa'ukeandMiti'aro;inter-islandquarantineMimosainvisagiantsensitiveplant;pikika'apapa'ā(CookIslands(Aitutaki))FabaceaeAitutakiBiologicalcontrolagentpresent;directcontrolasnecessary,eradicationpreferred;inter-islandquarantineMimosapudicasensitiveplant,sleepinggrass;pikika'a,tītāpikika'a(CookIslands);FabaceaeRarotonga,'Atiu,Aitutaki,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroContinuecontrolprogramsonMangaiaandMiti'aro;evaluateforcontroloreradicationon'AtiuNymphaeasp.
waterlily;ririvai(CookIslands)NymphaeaceaeRarotonga(cult.
),'Atiu*,Mangaia,Ma'ukeControlasnecessaryinwetlandsandwaterways;inter-islandquarantineOdontonematubaeformefirespike,cardinalflowerAcanthaceaeRarotonga,MangaiaControlspread;inter-islandquarantinePanicummaximumGuineagrass,buffalograss;tinikarāti(CookIslands)PoaceaeRarotonga,'Atiu,Aitutaki,Mangaia,Ma'ukeInter-islandquarantinePassiflorafoetidalove-in-a-mist,wildpassionfruit,stinkingpassionflowerPassifloraceaeRarotonga(notcommon)*EvaluateforcontroloreradicationonRarotonga;inter-islandquarantinePennisetumpurpureumelephantgrass,napiergrass;'erepani(CookIslands('Atiu))PoaceaeRarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaContinuecontrolprogramonMangaia;evaluateforcontroloreradicationon'Atiu;inter-islandquarantinePennisetumsetaceumfountaingrassPoaceaeRarotonga*EvaluateforeradicationonRarotonga;inter-islandquarantinePhyllostachysbissetiirunningbambooPoaceaeMangaiaControlspread;inter-islandquarantine**PhyllostachysnigrablackbambooPoaceaeRarotonga(cult.
)Eradicateifonlyincultivation;otherwise,controlspreadPimentaracemosabayrumtreeMyrtaceaeRarotonga,'Atiu(cult.
),Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroEradicateon'Atiu;controllocallyandinnaturalandsensitiveareasonotherislands;inter-islandquarantinePistiastratioteswaterlettuce,tropicalduckweedAraceaeRarotongaEradicateorcontrolinsensitivewaterwaysPlucheacarolinensissourbushAsteraceaePenrhyn*Strictinter-islandquarantine;eradicatepromptlyifitescapesquarantinePlucheaindicaIndianfleabane,Indianpluchea,IndiancamphorweedAsteraceaePenrhyn*Strictinter-islandquarantine;eradicatepromptlyifitescapesquarantinePsidiumcattleianumstrawberryguava;tūavapapa'ā(CookIslands)MyrtaceaeRarotonga,'Atiu*,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aro*Manihiki**Controllocallyandinnaturalandsensitiveareas;inter-islandquarantine;eradicateon'AtiuandMa'ukePsidiumguajavaguava;tūava(CookIslands)MyrtaceaeRarotonga,'Atiu,Aitutaki,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroControllocallyandinnaturalandsensitiveareasSanchezianobilissanchezia.
AcanthaceaeRarotonga(cult.
)Controlasnecessary;inter-islandquarantine29ScientificNameCommonNames(abridged)FamilyPresenton:RecommendationsSancheziaparvibracteatasanchezia.
AcanthaceaeRarotonga,Aitutaki(cult.
),'Atiu(cult.
)Controlasnecessary;inter-islandquarantineScheffleraactinophyllaoctopustree,umbrellatreeAraliaceaeRarotonga(cult.
)EradicateScindapsusaureuspothos,moneyplant;'ara(CookIslands(Ma'uke))AraceaeRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu(cult.
),Mangaia,Ma'uke*Controloreradicateoutsideofcultivation;discouragedumpingofgardenwaste;inter-islandquarantineSesbaniagrandiflorahummingbirdtree,sesban,scarletwisteriatreeFabaceaeRarotonga*(cult.
),Mangaia(cult.
)Eradicateifpossible;inter-islandquarantineSetariapalmifoliapalmgrassPoaceaeRarotonga**(cult.
)EradicateSolanumcapsicoidescockroachberry,devil'sapple,sodaapple;poro'ititratara(CookIslands)SolanaceaeRarotonga*,'Atiu,Ma'uke*Evaluateforeradication;iferadicationnotpossible,controloutsideofcultivation;inter-islandquarantineSpathodeacampanulataAfricantuliptree;kō'ī'ī,mimi,pātītīvai(CookIslands);matako'I'I(CookIslands(Mangaia))BignoniaceaeRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'uke*Discouragefurtherplanting;removetreesaroundhomes,buildings,parkingareas;inter-islandquarantineStachytarphetacayennensisbluerat'stail,dark-bluesnakeweed;tiāki(CookIslands(Miti'aro))VerbenaceaeRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroInter-islandquarantineSyngoniumangustatumarrowheadplant,goosefootplantAraceaeRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Penrhyn**Controloreradicateoutsideofcultivation;discouragedumpingofgardenwaste;inter-islandquarantineSyzygiumcuminiJavaplum;pistati;ka'ika(CookIslands);paramu(CookIslands(Aitutaki)MyrtaceaeRarotonga,'Atiu,Aitutaki,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroControllocallyandinnaturalandsensitiveareas;evaluateforeradicationonMiti'aroTecomastansyellowbells;tekoma(CookIslands)BignoniaceaeRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeControlspreadasnecessary;inter-islandquarantineTephrosiacandidawhitetephrosia,whitehoary-peaFabaceaeAitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroEvaluateforeradicationonAitutaki,MangaiaandMiti'aro;controlasneededon'AtiuandMa'uke.
Tibouchinaurvilleanaglorybush,lasiandra,princessflowerMelastomataceaeRarotonga(cult.
)ConfinetopresentlocationoreradicateTradescantiaspathaceaoysterplant,Mosesinaboat;ririmangio(CookIslands(Ma'uke));ririraei(CookIslands(Miti'aro))CommelinaceaeRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aro*Monitorspreadandcontroloutsideofcultivation;inter-islandquarantineTradescantiazebrinawanderingzebrina,wanderingjew;maukupapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia))CommelinaceaeRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeMonitorspreadandcontroloutsideofcultivation;inter-islandquarantine**Tremaorientalischarcoaltree,gunpowdertreeUlmaceaeMangaia(indigenous)Inter-islandquarantineWedeliatrilobatawedelia,SingaporedaisyAsteraceaeRarotonga,'AtiuEvaluateforeradicationonRarotonga;eradicateon'Atiu;inter-islandquarantine*NotseenbutreportedpresentbytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProject.
**NotseenbutreportedpresentbyBillSykes.
HighpriorityforcontroloreradicationEradicationcanprobablybeaccomplishedatlowcost30ArdisiaellipticashowseverysignofbecomingamajorenvironmentalthreatonRarotongaandMangaia.
Ontheseislandsisitalreadytoowidespreadforanythingbutlocalcontrol.
ItisalsopresentonAitutakiandMa'uke,whereitislesswidespreadandshouldbeevaluatedforcontrolor,preferably,eradication.
AsparagussetaceusandAsparagusdensiflorusare,asyet,mostlyincultivationintheCookIslands.
However,asseeninTonga,thesespeciescanspreadtheirthornyvinesthroughouttheforest.
AwildplantwasseenonMangaia,soitcertainlyhasthepotentialtodothesameintheCookIslands.
Ideally,bothofthesespeciesshouldbeeradicatedandfurtherimportsandplantingbanned.
Asalessermeasure,perhapsitcouldbeeliminatedfromislandssuchas'Miti'aro,whereitisnotwidelyplanted,andsubjecttointer-islandquarantine,butthisisahalf-measurethatwillonlyprotectsomeoftheislands.
AzollafiliculoidesisinfestingtaropatchesonRarotonga,MangaiaandMa'uke.
Controlinsensitivewetlandsmaybeneeded.
TheornamentalBryophyllumpinnatumshouldbesubjecttointer-islandquarantineasitisexhibitingitspotentialtospreadonMangaia.
ItwasnotnotedoutsideofcultivationonRarotongaandAitutaki,butitmayneedtobecontrolledifitescapescultivation.
ControlofinfestationsonMangaiaisneededtopreventfurtherspread.
CinnamomumverumisvigorouslyreproducingonbothRarotongaandMiti'aro.
BasedonitsexhibitedbehaviorinSamoa,itlookslikeitwillbecomeasignificantproblemifallowedtospreadunchecked.
ItshouldbeevaluatedforeradicationorcontrolmeasuresonRarotongaand,becausetheinfestationissmall,foreradicationonMiti'aro.
ClerodendrumchinenseisapestonanumberofPacificislands,butispresentonlyonRarotonga,andeventhereonlytoalimitedextent.
Itmaybepossibletocontrolitsspreadthereandpreventitsestablishmentonotherislandsthroughinter-islandquarantine.
CyperusinvolucratuswasseenimpactingstreamsidesandwetlandsonRarotongaandAitutaki.
Protectionforsensitivestreamsandwetareamaybeneededand,sinceitisoftenutilizedasanornamental,inter-islandquarantineshouldbeinvoked.
Dieffenbachiaseguine,acommonornamentalplant,wasseenincultivationonRarotongaand'AtiuandisreportedtobepresentonMangaiaandMa'uke.
ItishavingasignificantimpactonstreamsidesandmoistforestedareasinAmericanSamoaandSamoa.
Inadditiontodiscouragingfurtherplantingandthedumpingofgardenwaste,controlofescapedplantswillbenecessaryaswellasenforcementofinter-islandquarantine.
IfpossiblethespecimensofDissotisrotundifoliareportedbytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjecttobecultivatedonRarotongaandMa'ukeshouldbeeliminated,asthisspeciesisaveryseriouspestinSamoa.
Ifthisisnotpossible,spreadshouldbecloselymonitoredanditshouldbesubjecttostrictinter-islandquarantine.
31Eugeniauniflorahasthepotentialtobecomeaseriouspestontheislandswhereitispresent.
ItshouldbeevaluatedforcontroloreradicationonRarotonga,AitutakiandMiti'aro,whereitisnotyetwidespread.
Itwasreportedpresentbutwasnotseenon'Atiuandmayalsobeacandidateforeradicationthere.
ItismuchmorecommononMangaiaandMa'ukeanditmayonlybesubjecttolocalcontrol.
FlemingiamacrophyllaandF.
strobiliferaarepotentiallyproblemspeciesastheyareprolificproducersofwind-borneseed.
FlemingiamacrophyllawasseenonRarotongaandMangaiaandshouldbeconsideredforeradicationifitisnottoowidespread.
FlemingiastrobiliferawasseenonRarotongaand'Atiuandshouldalsobeacandidateforeradication.
AsingleplantofwhatisprobablyFlemingiamacrophyllawasseenincultivationonMa'ukeandshouldbeeradicatedbeforeitsetsseed.
ScatteredpatchesofHedychiumcoronariumwereseenorreportedincultivationandinthewildandHedychiumflavescensandHedychiumgardnerianumwereseenorreportedincultivation.
Thesespeciesshouldbecontrolledoutsideofcultivationwhereverneededtopreventfurtherestablishmentintheforestunderstory.
Plantsalreadygrowinginthewildshouldberemovedwhereverpossibletopreventfurtherspread.
EichhorniacrassipesandNymphaeasp.
shouldbecontrolledasneededtopreventundesiredestablishmentinwaterwaysandwetlands.
BiologicalcontrolagentsareavailableforLantanacamaraandareveryofteneffective.
ConsiderableworkhasbeendoneonbiologicalcontrolofthisspeciesinMicronesia,whichissummarizedbyDentonetal.
(1991).
SeealsoMuniappanandViraktamath(1986),Muniappan(1989)andMuniappanetal.
(1996).
Julien(1992)andWaterhouseandNorris(1987)provideasummaryofworldwidebiologicalcontrolefforts.
Lonicerajaponicashouldbemonitoredforpossiblespreadathigherelevations.
OnlyisolatedplantsofMacfadyenaunguis-catiwereseenonRarotonga.
Thisdifficult-to-controlvineshouldbeevaluatedforcontroloreradication.
Asanornamental,itshouldnotbeplantedonotherislands.
GivenitsinvasivenatureonNiue,thespecimensofMerremiatuberosaonRarotonga(andpossiblycultivatedelsewhere)shouldbemonitoredforinvasiveness.
MikaniamicranthaiswidespreadonRarotongaand'Atiu;lesssoonAitutaki.
Itgrowssoprofuselythatitisimpossibletocontrolexceptinsmallareas.
However,therearepresentlyonlyafewpatchesonMiti'aroandasingleareaonMa'uke.
Itshouldbeeradicatedontheseislandswhilethereisstilltimetodoso.
Mimosainvisashouldbeexcludedfromuninfestedislandsorimmediatelyeradicatediffound,asthisisaparticularlynastyinvasiveplant.
ThebiologicalcontrolagentforthespeciesonAitutakishouldbemaintainedandanynewagentsinvestigated.
AnyvehiclesormachinerymovedfromAitutakitootherislandsshouldbepowerwashedorsteamcleaned32andinspectedtomakesurethattheyarenotcarryingtheseedsofthisspeciestootherislands.
AsthisspeciesiscontinuingtospreadonAitutaki,itmaybeprudenttoemploypesticidestoeradicateit.
Biologicalcontrolmayoflimitedvalueanddoesnotappeartobeeffectiveincontainingthisspecies.
ActionnowmaybetheonlywaytopreventMimosainvisafromspreadingfurtheronAitutakiand,ultimately,tootherislands.
Odontonematubaeformeonlyspreadsvegetatively,butgiventimeitcanformdensestandsintheforestunderstory.
Itshouldbecontrolledasneededtolimititsspreadandimpact.
PassiflorafoetidaisreportedtobepresentbutnotcommononRarotonga.
Thisveryinvasivespeciesshouldbeevaluatedforcontroloreradicationandsubjecttointer-islandquarantine.
Pimentaracemosaisonlyincultivationon'Atiuanderadicationwouldpreventitsspreadintotheforest,ashashappenedonotherislands.
Arunningbamboo(Phyllostachysbissetii)iswidespreadonMangaia.
Herbicideswillneedtobeusedtocontrolit;otherwiseitwillcontinuetospread.
ThePhyllostachysnigrareportedtobepresentonRarotongashouldbeeradicatediffeasible.
Ofspecialconcernforinter-islandquarantinearePlucheacarolinensisandP.
indica,reportedbytheCookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjecttobepresentonPenrhynIsland.
Plucheacarolinensis,inparticular,ishighlyinvasiveelsewhere,anditshouldbeplacedunderstrictquarantineandpromptlyeradicatedifitdoesshowuponanyoftheotherislands.
Plucheaindicashouldbesubjecttoquarantineaswell.
ThereisapparentlyonlyasinglespecimenofPsidiumcattleianumonMa'uke.
Ifso,itshouldbeeliminated.
Thespecieswasreportedpresentbutnotseenon'Atiu.
Ifitisonlyincultivationorotherwisenotcommon,itshouldlikewisebeevaluatedforeradication.
ThetwospeciesofSancheziafoundonRarotonga(S.
nobilisandS.
parvibracteata)reproducevegetatively.
SancheziaparvibracteataisalsofoundincultivationonAitutakiand'Atiu.
Theyshouldbecontrolledoutsideofcultivationtopreventtheirbecomingestablishedintheforestunderstory.
Severalshade-lovingspecies,includingScindapsusaureus,SyngoniumangustatumandTradescantiaspathaceahavebecomeestablishedinforestedareasandseveralothers,particularlyHemigraphisalternataandTradescantiazebrina,werenoted,mostlyincultivation.
Thesespecieshavetheabilitytoinvadeandcrowdoutotherspeciesintheforestunderstory.
Theymostlyreproducevegetativelyandthemostcommonmethodofspreadisthroughthedumpingofplantsorcuttings.
Controlactionmaybeneededforremovaloutsideofcultivationortopreventfurtherspreadofthesespecies.
Thepublicshouldbeencouraged,througheducation,nottodumpgardencuttingsandwaste.
Sesbaniagrandifloraisfairlycommonasanornamentalbutitalsohasthepotentialtobeinvasive.
Itshouldbeevaluatedtodetermineiferadicationisappropriate.
33SetariapalmifoliaisaveryinvasivegrassthathasreportedlybeenintroducedasanornamentalonRarotonga.
Itshouldbeeradicatedandfurtherimportsbanned.
Thesmall,spinySolanumcapsicoidesisanexcellentcandidateforeradication.
Itislikelytobecomeaproblem,particularlyforagriculture,ifitbecomeswidespread.
PlantingofSpathodeacampanulataasanornamentalshouldbediscouragedandexistingtreesmonitoredforspread.
Largertreesaroundhomes,buildingsandparkingareasshouldberemovedtopreventdamagefromfallinglimbs.
ItwasnotseenonMa'ukeand,ifpresentatall,mightwellbetotallyeliminatedtherewithlittleproblem.
SyzygiumcuminiisreachingthestageonMiti'arowhereitwillsoonbebeyondthepossibilityoferadication.
Itshouldbeevaluatedasacandidateforeradicationonthisislandbeforeitbecomeswidespread,asithasontheotherislandsofthesoutherngroup.
TephrosiacandidawasseeninsinglelocationsonMangaiaandMiti'aroandseverallocationsonAitutaki.
Givenitspresentlimitedextentanditsapparentinvasiveness,itshouldbeevaluatedforeradicationonthesethreeislands.
ItappearstobealreadybeyondpracticaleradicationonMa'ukeandprobablysoon'Atiu.
TibouchinaurvilleanaiscultivatedatasinglelocationonRarotonga.
Whilethebeststrategywouldbetoremovetheplants,thisspeciesprimarilyreproducesvegetativelyandisprobablynotagreatthreataslongasitremainsincultivationatthissinglelocation.
However,itshouldnotbemorewidelyplanted.
WedeliatrilobataisbeingusedasanornamentalbutanumberofnaturalizedpatcheswereseenoutsideofcultivationonRarotonga.
Atpresent,itisonlyonRarotongaand'Atiu.
Itshouldcertainlybeexcludedfromuninfestedislands,eradicatedon'Atiu,andseriousconsiderationgiventoaneradicationcampaignonRarotonga.
Thereareareaswhereitmaybedesirabletosetasideandmaintaininnaturalconditionselectedareasasaheritageforfuturegenerations,fortheprotectionofnativebiodiversityandtourismvaluesandasanexampleoftheCookIslands'originalvegetativecover.
Thiswillinvolveacontinuousandlong-termeffort,evenonasmallscale,duetothecontinuingpressurefrominvadingspecies.
Keepingoutshade-tolerantspeciesthatcaninvadeclosedforestsisthebiggestproblem.
Intactnativeforestsarethemostresistanttoinvasionandanymeasuresthatlimittheamountofdisturbancewillhelpkeepinvasivespeciesout.
SpecieslistedinAppendix1,Table3arepestsand,althoughtheymaynotbepresentlycausingseriousdamagetonaturalecosystems,theyarecertainlynotdesirablespecies.
Theyshouldnotbemorewidelydistributed.
Anumberofspeciesusedinornamentalplantingsare,atleasttosomedegree,invasive.
Whilemanyofthesespecieshavedesirableornamentalorphysicalcharacteristics,plantingexoticsasopposedtonativespeciesisapolicyquestionthatneedstobecarefullyconsidered.
34Mostspeciesthatnaturalizetoanyextentwillgraduallyspreadthroughoutavailableandsuitablehabitat,givenenoughtime.
Existingplantingsshouldbemonitoredforspreadandnewintroductionsshouldbecarefullyassessedtominimizerisk.
RiskyornamentalsthatcouldbeeradicatedatlowcostincludeAsparagussetaceusandA.
densiflorus,Dissotisrotundifolia,ScheffleraactinophyllaandTibouchinaurvilleana.
Enforcesteamcleaningorpowerwashingofallusedcars,trucksandequipmentcomingintotheCookIslands.
Thisisdesirablenotonlyfromthestandpointofexcludinginvasiveplants,butalsoinsectsanddiseases.
Especiallysuspectareroadbuildingmachinery,militaryequipmentandoff-roadvehicles.
Inspectorsshouldbeespeciallyvigilanttomakesureusedcars,trucksandequipmentfromSoutheastAsia,Fiji,Hawai'iandthePhilippinesarecleanasmanydangerousweedsarepresentintheselocations.
Forinstance,seedsofChromolaenaodoratacanbetransportedintheradiatorsofusedcars,trucksandotherequipment.
Similarproceduresshouldbeputinplaceforthemovementofvehiclesandequipmentbetweenislands.
Quarantineofficersshouldcloselyinspectboots,campingequipmentandsimilarmaterialsforsoilandseeds,particularlywhentheyhavebeenusedincountrieswhereChromolaenaodorata,Miconiacalvescens,Mimosainvisaandothersmall-seededspeciesarepresent.
Arisk-ratingschemewouldbeusefulinevaluatingthevariousknownandpotentialinvasivespeciesfortheirriskofintroduction,spreadandpotentialdamage.
TheInstituteofPacificIslandsForestryistestinganadaptationoftheAustralianriskassessmentsystemtotheneedsofthePacific.
Ifthisprovestobesatisfactory,ourhopeistoeventuallyrateallthespecieslistedinthePIERdatabaseandprovidethisinformationtoPacificislandcountries.
Inthemeantime,riskassessmentscanbeperformedonindividualspeciestohelpevaluatetheirpotentialforinvasionandspread.
Thepurposeofthissurveywastogiveanoverallassessmentofthesituation.
Intheshorttimeavailableitwasnotpossibletoperformtheevaluationsthatwouldbeneededtojustifycontroloreradicationprogramsforindividualspecies.
Formanyspecies,therefore,ourrecommendationsareprovisionalandmustbesubjecttoamorecompleteevaluationastoextent,invasivenessandthepossibilityofcontroloreradication.
Technicalassistanceshouldberequested,ifneeded,toevaluateindividualspecies.
Island-specificrecommendations:Followingaresomesuggestionsforhigh-priorityactionsbyisland.
Theserestateandemphasizesomeofthemorecriticalrecommendationsabove.
RarotongaEradicateArdisiacrenata,Asparagusdensiflorus,Asparagussetaceus,Egeriadensa,Eichhorniacrassipes,Erigeronkarvinskianus,Pistiastratiotes,Pennisetumsetaceum,ScheffleraactinophyllaandSolanumcapsicoidesifpossible.
35ControlAzollafiliculoidesandCyperusinvolucratusinsensitivewaterwaysandwetlands.
ControlBryophyllumpinnatum,Clerodendrumchinense,Dieffenbachiaseguine,Hedychiumspp.
,Hemigraphisalternata,Odontonematubaeforme,Sanchezianobilis,Sancheziaparvibracteata,Scindapsusaureus,Syngoniumangustatum,TradescantiaspathaceaandTradescantiazebrinaoutsideofcultivation.
EvaluateCinnamomumverum,Eugeniauniflora,Flemingiamacrophylla,F.
strobilifera,Gmelinaarboreca,Macfadyenaunguis-cati,Passiflorafoetida,SesbaniagrandifloraandWedeliatrilobataforcontroloreradication.
EradicatespecimensofDissotisrotundifolia,PhyllostachysnigraandSetariapalmifoliabeforetheyescapecultivation.
AitutakiEvaluateArdisiaelliptica,EugeniaunifloraandTephrosiacandidaforcontroloreradication.
ControlBryophyllumpinnatum,HemigraphisAlternata,Odontonematubaeforme,Sancheziaparvibracteata,Scindapsusaureus,SyngoniumangustatumandTradescantiaspathaceaoutsideofcultivation.
ControlCyperusinvolucratusinsensitivewaterwaysandwetlands.
Ataminimum,maintainthebiologicalcontrolagentforMimosainvisaandinvestigateintroducingnewonesiftheybecomeavailable.
Betteryet,beginanintensiveprogramtoeradicatethisspeciestopreventfurtherspreadonAitutakiandtootherislands.
'AtiuControlAcaciamangiumandAcaciacrassicarpawheretheyarenotwanted.
EradicateAsparagussetaceusandSolanumcapsicoides,ifpossible.
ControlDieffenbachiaseguine,Hedychiumspp.
,Hemigraphisalternata,Sancheziaparvibracteata,Scindapsusaureus,SyngoniumangustatumandTradescantiaspathaceaoutsideofcultivation.
EvaluateEugeniauniflora,Gmelinaarboreca,PennisetumpurpureumandTephrosiacandidaforcontroloreradication.
InvestigatethepossibilityofusingbiologicalcontrolforLantanacamara.
AttempteradicationofMimosapudicawhileitisstilllimitedtotwopopulations.
EvaluatePsidiumcattleianumforeradicationifitispresentasreported.
36EradicateFlemingiastrobilifera(seencultivated),Pimentaracemosa(seeninNgatiaruavillageandatthe'AtiuMotel),Ricinuscommunis(growingneartheharbor)andWedeliatrilobata(at'AtiuMotel).
MangaiaControlAcaciaaulacocarpa,AcaciamangiumandAcaciacrassicarpawheretheyarenotwanted.
EradicateAsparagussetaceusifpossible.
ControlBryophyllumpinnatum,Dieffenbachiaseguine,Hedychiumspp.
,HemigraphisAlternata,Odontonematubaeforme,Scindapsusaureus,Syngoniumangustatum,TradescantiaspathaceaandTradescantiazebrinaoutsideofcultivation.
ControlAzollafiliculoidesandEichhorniacrassipesinsensitivewaterwaysandwetlands.
ItmaybefeasibleanddesirabletoeradicateEichhorniacrassipes.
EvaluateEugeniauniflora,Flemingiamacrophylla,F.
strobiliferaandSesbaniagrandifloraforcontroloreradication.
ContinuecontrolofMimosapudicaandPennisetumpurpureum.
Controltherunningbamboo(Phyllostachysbissetii).
EvaluateTephrosiacandidaforeradication.
Ma'ukeControlAcaciamangium,AcaciacrassicarpaandAcaciacurassavicawheretheyarenotwanted.
EvaluateArdisiaellipticaforcontroloreradication.
EradicateDissotisrotundifoliaandSolanumcapsicoides,bothreportedtobepresent,iftheyarefoundontheisland.
EvaluateEugeniaunifloraforcontrol.
EradicatethesingleplantofFlemingiamacrophyllaincultivationalongtheroadinNgatiarua,andanyotherplantsfound.
EradicateMikaniamicrantha,Psidiumcattleianum(singlespecimenatGovernmentHouse).
andSyngoniumangustatum.
ControlDieffenbachiaseguine,Hedychiumspp.
andScindapsusaureusoutsideofcultivation.
37Miti'aroEradicateAsparagussetaceus(plantedinfrontofbuildingalongroadincenteroftownandanyotherplantsfound).
EradicateMikaniamicrantha.
EvaluateCinnamomumverumandTephrosiacandidaforeradication.
EvaluateEugeniaunifloraforcontrol.
ControlHedychiumcoronariumandTradescantiaspathaceaoutsideofcultivation.
ContinuecontrolofMimosapudica.
EvaluateSyzygiumcuminiforpossibleeradication.
38Appendix1Table1.
SpeciesthatareinvasiveelsewhereinsimilarecosystemsbutarenotknowntobepresentintheCookIslandsScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitAcaciaconfusaEnglish:Formosakoa,Formosaacacia;Other:sosigi,shoshigi,sosugi,boiffuring(GuamandCommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands–Chamorro);serepa,soschghi(CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands–Carolinian);pilampwoia(Pohnpei);ianángi,yanangi(Palau)FabaceaetreeAcacialongifoliaEnglish:Sydneygoldenwattle,goldenwattle,long-leavedwattle,long-leavedacacia,sallowwattle,coastwattle,goldenrodsFabaceaetreeAcaciamelanoxylonEnglish:Australianblackwood,blackwoodacaciaFabaceaetreeAcacianiloticaEnglish:pricklyacacia,blackthorn,Egyptianthorn,Nileacacia,algaroba,babul,gumarabictree;French:acaciaàgomme;Spanish:algarrobo;Other:tiare(NewCaledonia)FabaceaetreeAcaciaspp.
English:acaciaFabaceaeshrubs/treesAdenantheraabrospermaEnglish:giddygiddy(Australia)FabaceaetreeAgavesisalanaEnglish:sisal,sisalhemp;Other:ndali,natali(Fiji);Other:ndali,natali(Fiji),malina(Hawai'i)AgavaceaeherbAgeratinaripariaEnglish:spreadingmistflower,creepingcroftonweed,rivereupatorium;Other:hamakuapamakani(Hawai'i)AsteraceaeshrubAilanthusaltissimaEnglish:treeofheaven,varnishtreeSimaroubaceaetreeAlbiziachinensisEnglish:Chinesealbizia,silktree;Other:'arapitia(CookIslands);tameligiuliuli,tameligiena'ena(Samoa)FabaceaetreeAlstoniamacrophyllaEnglish:devil-treeApocynaceaetreeAlternantheraphiloxeroidesEnglish:alligatorweedAmaranthaceaeherbAndropogongayanusEnglish:gambagrass,tambukigrassPoaceaegrassAndropogonglomeratusEnglish:bushbeardgrass,bushybluestemPoaceaegrassAndropogonvirginicusEnglish:broomsedge,yellowbluestem,whiskygrassPoaceaegrassAraujiasericiferaEnglish:mothplant,mothcatcher,whitebladderflowerAsclepiadaceaeshrubArgyreianervosaEnglish:elephantcreeper,Hawaiianbabywoodrose,silvermorningglory,woollymorningglory;French:coupd'air,lianeaminguet,lianed'argentConvolvulaceaevineArthrostemmaciliatumEnglish:arthrostemma,everbloomingeavenderMelastomataceaeherbAsystasiagangeticaEnglish:Chineseviolet,Philippineviolet,coromandelAcanthaceaeherbAustroeupatoriuminulaefoliumAsteraceaeherbBarlerialupulinaEnglish:hophead,PhilippinevioletAcanthaceaeshrubBarleriaprionitisEnglish:barleria,porcupineflowerAcanthaceaeshrubBlainvilleagayanaAsteraceaeherbBocconiafrutescensEnglish:bocconia,plume-poppy,treepoppy,treecelandine,parrotweedPapaveraceaeshrubBoerhaviacoccineaEnglish:boerhavia,hogweed,hogfeed,redspiderling,wineflower,tarvine;Other:matapavo,patagonNyctaginaceaeherbBrillantaisialamiumAcanthaceaeshrubBuddlejaasiaticaEnglish:dogtail;Other:huelo'ilio(Hawai'i)ScrophulariaceaeshrubBuddlejadavidiiEnglish:orangeeye,butterflybush,summerlilacScrophulariaceaeshrubBuddlejamadagascariensisEnglish:butterflybush,smokebushScrophulariaceaeshrubCaesalpiniadecapetalaEnglish:cat'sclaw,Mysorethorn,Mauritiusthorn,wait-a-bit;French:boissappan;Other:puakelekino(Hawai'i)FabaceaeshrubCalamusspp.
English:rattan;Other:rotan,bejuko-n-halumtano,rotanbejuro-n-halumtan(Guam);bangerenguisrangebard(Palau)Arecaceaeshrub(palm)CalliandracalothyrsusEnglish:powderpuffredcalliandra;Other:kaliana(Samoa)Fabaceaeshrub39ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitCalotropisproceraEnglish:calotropis,rubberbush,appleofSodom,mudar,madar,king'scrown,roostertree;French:arbreàsoieAsclepiadaceaeshrub/treeCarpobrotusedulisEnglish:iceplant,pigface,hottentotfigAizoaceaesucculentCastillaelasticaEnglish:Panamarubbertree,Mexicanrubbertree,uletree;Other:pulumamoe(AmericanSamoa)MoraceaetreeCasuarinaglaucaEnglish:swampoak,saltmarshironwood,longleafironwood,graysheoakCasuarinaceaetreeCecropiapeltataEnglish:trumpettree;French:parasolier,faux-ricin,pisse-roux,boiscannonCecropiaceaetreeCenchrusbrowniiEnglish:burgrass,burrgrass,sand-bur,slimbristlesandburPoaceaegrassCenchrusciliarisEnglish:buffelgrass,Africanfoxtailgrass,anjangrass;French:cenchrusciliéPoaceaegrassCestrumparquiEnglish:greencestrum,willow-leavedjessamine,Chileancestrum,greenpoison-berrySolanaceaeshrubChamaecristanictitansEnglish:partridgepea,Japaneseteasenna;Other:lauki(Hawai'i);kobo-cha,nemu-cha(Japan)FabaceaeshrubChlorisradiataEnglish:plush-grass,radiatefingergrassPoaceaegrassChromolaenaodorataEnglish:Siamweed,triffidweed,bitterbush,Jackinthebush;French:herbeduLaos;Other:kesengesil,masigsig(Guam);otuot(Chuuk),ngesngesil(Palau);wisolmatenrehwei(Pohnpei);mahsrihsrihk(Kosrae);hagonoy,agonoi,huluhagonoi(Philippines)AsteraceaeherbChrysobalanusicacoEnglish:cocoplum,icaco;French:pruniercoton,icacier,icaquier,icaque,prunecolon;Other:apolo(Fiji)ChrysobalanaceaeshrubChrysophyllumoliviformeEnglish:satinleaf,wildstar-apple,damsonplum;Spanish:caimitilloSapotaceaetreeCinchonapubescensEnglish:quininetree,redcinchona;French:quinquinarouge;Spanish:cascarillaRubiaceaetreeCinnamomumburmanniiEnglish:padangcassia;French:cannelierdeMalaisieLauraceaetreeCirsiumvulgareEnglish:spearthistle,Scotchthistle,bullthistle,blackthistle,plumethistle;Other:puakali(Hawai'i)AsteraceaeherbCissusnodosaEnglish:grapeivyVitaceaelianaCitharexylumcaudatumEnglish:juniperberryVerbenaceaetreeCitharexylumspinosumEnglish:fiddlewood;Other:masese(Fiji)VerbenaceaetreeClausenaexcavataEnglish:clausenaRutaceaetreeClerodendrumjaponicumEnglish:glorybowerVerbenaceaeshrubClerodendrumpaniculatumEnglish:pagodaplant,pagodaflower;Other:butcherechár,butecherechar(Palau);tukehnsousou(Pohnpei)VerbenaceaeshrubClerodendrumquadriloculareEnglish:bronze-leavedclerodendrum;Other:tiroojinbelle(MarshallIslands);kleuang(Palau);tuhkehnpalau(Pohnpei);bagauac(Philippines);losa,losaFiti(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)VerbenaceaeshrubClidemiahirtaEnglish:Koster'scurse,soapbush;French:canot-macaque;Other:kui,kúi(Palau);kauresinga,kaurasinga,roinisinga,ndraunisinga,maranabulumakau,mbonanambulamakau,vuti(Fiji);kaurasiga(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)MelastomataceaeshrubClusiaroseaEnglish:signaturetree,autographtree,copey,Scotchattorney,pitchappleGuttiferaetreeCocciniagrandisEnglish:ivygourd,scarlet-fruitedgourd;Other:kundru(Fiji);kiuriawia(MarshallIslands);aipikohr(Pohnpei)CucurbitaceaevineConocarpuserectusEnglish:seamulberry,buttonwood,buttonmangroveCombretaceaeshrub/treeCordiaalliodoraEnglish:laurel,Ecuadorlaurel,salmwood,Spanishelm;French:boisdeChypre,pardillo;Other:kotia(Samoa,Tonga)BoraginaceaetreeCordiacurassavicaEnglish:blacksageBoraginaceaeshrubCordiaglabraEnglish:broad-leavedcordiaBoraginaceaetreeCortaderiajubataEnglish:jubatagrass,Andeanpampasgrass,purplepampasgrassPoaceaegrassCorynocarpuslaevigatusEnglish:NewZealandlaurel,karakaranutCorynocarpaceaetreeCryptostegiagrandifloraEnglish:rubbervine,Indiarubbervine,Palayrubbervine;Other:lianedegatope(NewCaledonia)AsclepiadaceaevineCupaniopsisanacardioidesEnglish:carrotwood,tuckerooSapindaceaetree40ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitCyatheacooperiEnglish:Australiantreefern;French:fougèrearborescented'AustraliaCyatheaceaefernDalbergiasissooEnglish:Indiandalbergia,Indianrosewood,sissoo,shisham;French:ébénierjuaneFabaceaetreeDelaireaodorataEnglish:Germanivy,Italianivy,capeivyAsteraceaevineDesmanthuspernambucanusOther:anil,jureminha(Brazil)FabaceaeherbDesmodiumnicaraguenseSpanish:engorda-caballo,varadearco,piedepaloma,varalarga,varablanca,JuanadeArco,gutao,JuanaLargaFabaceaeshrubDichrostachyscinereaEnglish:aroma,KalahariChristmastree,Chineselanterntree,sicklebush,marabou-thorn,marabú,SenDomeng,SaintDomingue,acaciaSaintDomingueFabaceaeshrubDigitariainsularisEnglish:cottongrass,sourgrass,feather-topgrassPoaceaegrassDilleniasuffruticosaEnglish:shrubbydillenia,shrubbysimpohDilleniaceaeshrub/treeEchinochloapolystachyaEnglish:alemangrass,caribgrass,creepingrivergrassPoaceaegrassElaeocarpusangustifoliusEnglish:bluefig,bluemarbletree,quandong(Australia);Other:sapatua,siapotua,siapatua(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)ElaeocarpaceaetreeEupatoriumcatariumEnglish:praxelisAsteraceaeherbFicusaltissimaEnglish:loftyfig,falsebanyan,counciltreeMoraceaetreeFicusbenghalensisEnglish:banyan,Indianbanyan,vadatree;French:figuierdespagodes;Other:pulu(Samoa)MoraceaetreeFicusmicrocarpaEnglish:Chinesebanyan,Malayanbanyan,Indianlaurel;Other:lulk(Palau);nunu(Chamorro,CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands)MoraceaetreeFicusnotaEnglish:tibigMoraceaetreeFicusrubiginosaEnglish:rusty-leavedfig,PortJacksonfig,littleleaffigMoraceaetreeFlindersiabrayleyanaEnglish:Queenslandmaple,silkwoodRutaceaetreeFuntumiaelasticaEnglish:Africanrubbertree,silkrubber;French:arbreàcaoutchouc;Other:puluvao(Samoa)ApocynaceaetreeFurcraeahexapetalaEnglish:Cubanhemp,hemp;Other:cubuya(GalapagosIslands)AgavaceaesucculentGrewiaasiaticaEnglish:phalsaTiliaceaetreeGymnocoronisspilanthoidesEnglish:Senegaltea,templeplantAsteraceaeherbHaematoxylumcampechianumEnglish:logwood,bloodwoodtree,campeachywood,campecheFabaceaetreeHarunganamadagascariensisEnglish:harunganaClusiaceaetreeHeliocarpuspopayanensisEnglish:moho,whitemohoTiliaceaetreeHeterocentronsubtriplinerviumEnglish:pearlflowerMelastomataceaeherbHeterospatheelataOther:palmabrava,palmabraba(Guam);asbo,demailei,demailéi,domaile,domailei,ebouch(Palau);buagbbuag(Yap);sagisipalm(Philippines)Arecaceaetree(palm)HeveabrasiliensisEnglish:hevea,Brazilianrubbertree,Pararubbertree;French:arbredePara,hévéa;Spanish:árboldelcaucho,cauchoterodePará,jebe,siringa;Other:rapa(Fiji)EuphorbiaceaetreeHiptagebenghalensisEnglish:hiptage;French:lianedecerfMalpighiaceaeshrubHydrillaverticillataEnglish:hydrilla,Floridaelodea,waterthymeHydrocharitaceaeherbHymenachneamplexicaulisEnglish:hymenachne,trompetilla,WestIndianmarshgrassPoaceaegrassHyparrheniarufaEnglish:jaraguagrass,thatchinggrassPoaceaegrassHypochoerisradicataEnglish:hairycat'sear,gosmoreAsteraceaeherbHyptiscapitataEnglish:knobweed;Other:botones,batunes(Guam);t'aiegarabao,pathpath(Yap),maauupo(FrenchPolynesia)LamiaceaeherbHyptissuaveolensEnglish:wildspikenard,chan;French:grosbaume,hyptisàodeur;Other:mumutun(Guam)Lamiaceaeherb41ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitImperatacylindricaEnglish:bladygrass,cogongrass,satintail;French:paillededys,paillotte,impératacylindrique,impérate;Other:gi,ngi(Fiji);alang-alang,lalang(Indonesia,Malaysia);kasoring(Palau)PoaceaegrassIschaemumpolystachyumEnglish:paddlegrass;Other:mah(Kosrae);rehpadil(Pohnpei)PoaceaegrassIschaemumrugosumEnglish:murainagrass,wrinkleduck-beak,saramattagrass;Other:thomuraina,comuraina(Fiji)PoaceaegrassIschaemumtimorenseEnglish:centipedegrass,stalkleafmurainagrass,lucuntugrass;Other:waidoigrass(Fiji)PoaceaegrassJasminumfluminenseEnglish:BrazilianjasmineOleaceaevineJatrophagossypiifoliaEnglish:bellyachebush,cotton-leavedphysicnutEuphorbiaceaeshrubJuncusspp.
English:rushJuncaceaerushKunzeaericoidesEnglish:treemanuka,treemanuba,kanuka(NewZealand),burgan,whiteteatreeMyrtaceaetreeKyllingapolyphyllaEnglish:Navuasedge;Other:tuisetele,tuisefiti(Samoa)CyperaceaesedgeLemnaspp.
English:duckweed;Other:fala'o'oto(Samoa)LemnaceaeherbLeonotisnepetifoliaEnglish:lion'stail,lion'sear,Christmascandlestick;French:grosbouton,grostêteLamiaceaeherbLigustrumspp.
English:privetOleaceaeshrubs/smalltreesLophostemonconfertusEnglish:brushbox,Brisbanebox,vinegartreeMyrtaceaetreeLudwigiaperuvianaEnglish:ludwigia,Peruvianprimrose,waterprimroseOnagraceaeshrubMaesopsiseminiiEnglish:umbrellatree,musiziRhamnaceaetreeMedinillamagnificaEnglish:chandeliertree,showymelastome,showymedinilla,MalaysianorchidMelastomataceaeshrubMedinillavenosaEnglish:holdtightMelastomataceaeshrubMelaleucaquinquenerviaEnglish:melaleuca,cajeput,paperbarktree,punktree;Other:niaouli(NewCaledonia)MyrtaceaetreeMelastomacandidumEnglish:Asianmelastome,Indianrhododendron,MalabarmelastomeMelastomataceaetreeMelastomasanguineumEnglish:fox-tonguedmelastoma,redmelastomeMelastomataceaeshrub/treeMelinisminutifloraEnglish:melinis,molassesgrass;French:mélinis,herbemolasses,herbeàmiel;Other:puakatau(Tonga)PoaceaegrassMelochiaumbellataEnglish:melochiaSterculiaceaetreeMemecylonfloribundumMelastomataceaeshrubMiconiacalvescensEnglish:miconia,velvetleaf,purpleplague,bushcurrantMelastomataceaetreeMicrolaenastipoidesEnglish:meadowricegrass,weepinggrassPoaceaegrassMikaniascandensEnglish:climbinghempweed,climbinghempvineAsteraceaevineMimosapigraEnglish:catclawmimosa,thornysensitiveplant,giantmimosa,giantsensitiveplant,blackmimosa,zaraz,dormilona,bashfulplant,amouretteviolet;French:amouretteriviéreFabaceaeshrubMontanoahibiscifoliaEnglish:montanoa,treedaisy,AnzacflowerAsteraceaeshrubMorellafayaEnglish:fayatree,firetree,firebushMyricaceaetreeMucunapruriensEnglish:cowitch,velvetbean,Bengalbean,Mauritiusbean;French:poispouilleux,poilàgratter;Other:akangkangdangkulo(Guam)FabaceaevineMyriophyllumaquaticumEnglish:parrot'sfeather,waterfeather,BrazilianwatermilfoilHaloragidaceaeaquaticherbNajasspp.
English:naiad,pondweed,waternymphNajadaceaeaquaticherbNeonotoniawightiiEnglish:glycine;French:sojapérenneFabaceaevineOchnaserrulataEnglish:ochna,Mickey-Mouseplant,bird's-eyebushOchnaceaeshrubOchnathomasianaEnglish:MickyMouseplant,bird's-eyebushOchnaceaeshrub/treeOchromapyramidaleEnglish:balsa,corkwood,downtreeBombacaceaetreeOleaeuropaeaEnglish:olive;Other:'oliwa,'oliwahaole(Hawai'i)OleaceaetreeOssaeamarginataMelastomataceaeshrubOxysporapaniculataEnglish:oxyspora,bristletipsMelastomataceaeshrub42ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitPaederiafoetidaEnglish:stinkvine,skunkvine;Other:mailepilau,mailekakahiki(Hawai'I).
RubiaceaevinePanicumrepensEnglish:torpedograss,couchpanicum,creepingpanic;French:panicrampant,milletrampant;Other:wainakugrass(Hawai'i)PoaceaegrassParkinsoniaaculeataEnglish:parkinsonia,Jerusalemthorn,horse-bean,retama;French:arrêtenègre;Spanish:paloverdeFabaceaetreePaspalumfimbriatumEnglish:fimbriatepaspalum,wingedpaspalum,Panamapaspalum,Panamacrowngrass,ColumbiagrassPoaceaegrassPassifloraalataEnglish:wildpassionfruit,wingstempassionflowerPassifloraceaeshrubPassifloracaeruleaEnglish:bluepassionflowerPassifloraceaeshrubPassifloracoccineaEnglish:scarletpassionflower,redpassionflower,redgranadillaPassifloraceaeshrubPassiflorapulchellaEnglish:two-lobedpassionflower,wingleafpassionfruitPassifloraceaeshrubPassiflorasuberosaEnglish:wildpassionfruit,devil'spumpkin,indigoberry,corkypassionflower,corkstempassionflower;French:passiflore,grenadille;Spanish:uvilla(GalapagosIs.
);Other:huehuehaole(Hawai'i)PassifloraceaevinePassifloratarminianaEnglish:bananapoka,bananapassionfruit,bananadillaPassifloraceaevinePaulowniatomentosaEnglish:paulownia,princess-tree,Chineseempresstree,karri-treeScrophulariaceaetreePennisetumclandestinumEnglish:kikuyugrass,kikuyoPoaceaegrassPennisetumpolystachionEnglish:missiongrass,featherypennisetum;French:queuedechat;Other:mechenkatu(Chuuk),pwokso,dipwrais(Pohnpei),otamata(Fiji)PoaceaegrassPhiladelphuskarwinskyanusEnglish:philadelphus,evergreenmockorange,syringaSaxifragaceaeshrubPhormiumtenaxEnglish:NewZealandflax,NewZealandhemp,bushflaxAgavaceaeherbPimentadioicaEnglish:pimento,allspice;Other:sipaisi(Tonga)MyrtaceaetreePiperaduncumEnglish:spikedpepper;Other:yaqonaniOnolulu,yanggonaniOnolulu(Fiji)PiperaceaetreePiperauritumEnglish:earedpepper,anisepiper,Veracruzpepper;Spanish:hojasanta,anisillo,hinojo,sabalero,hojadelaestrella;Other:Hawaiiansakau,falsesakau,falsekava(Pohnpei);'avaTonga(Samoa),kavaHawai'i(Tonga)PiperaceaeshrubPithecellobiumdulceEnglish:Madrasthorn,Manilatamarind,sweetinga;French:poissucré;Other:kamachuri(Chuuk);camachili,kamachile,kamachiles,kamachili(Guam);kamachili,kamatire(CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslandsChamorro),ghamasiligh(CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands-Carolinian);kamatsiri,kamatsíri,opiuma(Palau):'opiuma(Hawai'i);kataiya(Fiji)FabaceaetreePittosporumpentandrumEnglish:pittosporum,Taiwanesecheesewood,mamalisPittosporaceaeshrub/treePittosporumtobiraEnglish:tobira,Japanesepittosporum,Japanesecheesewood,mockorange,AustralianlaurelPittosporaceaeshrub/treePittosporumundulatumEnglish:Victorianbox,Victorianlaurel,Australiancheesewood,mockorange,sweetpittosporum,orangepittosporumPittosporaceaetreePittosporupviridiflorumEnglish:capepittosporumPittosporaceaetreePlectranthusamboinicusEnglish:Mexicanmint,Spanishthyme,Cubanoregano;French:oreille;Other:rhaivoki,sage(Fiji);pasiole(Niue,Tonga);la'autai'e,lautai'e,militini(Samoa);kaloni(Tonga)LamiaceaeherbProsopisspp.
English:mesquite,algaroba;Spanish:algarroboFabaceaetreePsidiumguineenseEnglish:Brazilianguava,Guineaguava;French:goyavierduBrésilMyrtaceaeshrub/treePuerariamontanavar.
lobataEnglish:kudzu,Japanesearrowroot;Other:deday(Yap);aka(AmericanSamoa,Tonga,Niue,WallisandFutunaandFutunaandFutuna);a'a(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);yaka,wayaka,nggariaka(Fiji);akataha,fue'aepuaka(Tonga);acha,nepalemFabaceaevineRhodomyrtustomentosaEnglish:rosemyrtle,downymyrtle,Isenbergbush;French:myrte-groseille,feijoaMyrtaceaeshrubRhynchosporacaducaCyperaceaeherbRivinahumilisEnglish:babypepper,bloodberry,coralberry,rougeplant;Other:polo(Tonga)Phytolaccaceaeherb43ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitRubusalceifoliusEnglish:giantbrambleRosaceaeshrubRubusmoluccanusEnglish:Moluccaraspberry,broadleafedbramble,Moluccabramble,eelkek;French:piquantlou-lou(Mauritius);Other:kohkihl(Kosrae);soni,wasori,wangandrongandro,wavotovotoa,(Fiji)RosaceaeshrubRubusrosifoliusEnglish:roseleafraspberry,thimbleberry,Mauritiusraspberry;French:framboisier;Other:ola'a,'akala,akalakala(Hawai'i)RosaceaeshrubRubusspp.
English:raspberries,blackberries,bramblesRosaceaeshrubRuelliabrevifoliaAcanthaceaeherbSaccharumspontaneumEnglish:wildcane,falsesugarcane;French:canneàsucrefourragère,cannesauvage;Other:bangaruchel(Palau);ac(Kosrae);tebusalah;ahlek,ahlec,(Pohnpei);toaheo(FrenchPolynesia)PoaceaegrassSacciolepisindicaEnglish:glenwoodgrassPoaceaegrassSalviniamolestaEnglish:salvinia,waterfern,karibaweed,AfricanpayalSalviniaceaefernScheffleraarboricolaEnglish:dwarfbrassia,dwarfschefflera,HawaiianelfscheffleraAraliaceaeshrubSchinusmolleEnglish:peppertree,Californiapeppertree,Peruvianpeppertree,pepperina;French:fauxpoivrier,moléedesjardins,poivrierd'AmériqueAnacardiaceaetreeSchinusterebinthifoliusEnglish:Christmas-berry,Brazilianpepper,Brazilianholly,Floridaholly;French:fauxpoivrier,poivreduBrésil,poivrerose;Other:warui(Fiji);wilelaiki(Hawai'i),naniohilo(Hawai'i(Moloka'i))AnacardiaceaetreeSchizachyriumcondensatumEnglish:littlebluestem,bushbeardgrassPoaceaegrassSeneciomadagascariensisEnglish:fireweedAsteraceaeherbSennaobtusifoliaEnglish:habucha,coffeeweed,sicklepodFabaceaeherbSennaseptemtrionalisEnglish:buttercupbush,yellowshower,laburnum;Other:mosimosi,nasenikarakarawa,winivinikau(Fiji);kolomona,kalamona(Hawai'i)Fabaceaeshrub/treeSesbaniapuniceaEnglish:redsesbania,coffeeweed,rattle-pod,sesban,redseinebean,Brazilrattlebox,coffeeofthecoast,tameacacia,falsepoinciana,blackacacia,purplesesbaneFabaceaeshrubSolanumseaforthianumEnglish:potatocreeper,BraziliannightshadeSolanaceaevineSolanumtampicenseEnglish:wetlandnightshade,aquaticsodaappleSolanaceaeaquaticherbSolanumtorvumEnglish:pricklysolanum,devil'sfig,turkeyberry,terongan;French:fausseaubergine,auberginesauvageépineuse;Other:piko(Vanuatu);tisaipale(Tonga);kausoni,soni,kauvoto-votua,kaisurisuri,katai,bhankatiya,soninivavalagi(Fiji),lapati(Samoa)SolanaceaeshrubSolanumviarumEnglish:tropicalsodaappleSolanaceaeherbSorghumhalepenseEnglish:Johnsongrass,Aleppograss,Aleppomilletgrass;French:sorghod'Alep,sorgodeAlepo,herbedeCuba;Other:kola(Tonga);gumai(Russia);zacateJohnson,gramaChina,cauela,DonCarlosPoaceaegrassSporoboluselongatusEnglish:wiregrass,rat-taildropseedPoaceaegrassSyncarpiaglomuliferaEnglish:turpentinetree,lustrewoodMyrtaceaetreeTerminaliamyriocarpaEnglish:hollock,jhalnaCombretaceaetreeTetrazygiabicolorEnglish:FloridacloverashMelastomataceaeshrub/treeTibouchinaherbaceaEnglish:glorybush,caneti,tibouchinaMelastomataceaeherbTimoniustimonEnglish:liberal(Palau);Other:sakosia(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)RubiaceaetreeTriadicasebiferaEnglish:Chinesetallowtree,popcorntree,vegetabletallow,whitewaxberry,chickentree,Floridaaspen;French:arbreàsuif,boiréEuphorbiaceaetreeTribulusterrestrisEnglish:puncturevine,goathead;French:tribuleterrestreZygophyllaceaeherbTriphasiatrifoliaEnglish:limeberry,lemonChina;Other:limon-China,lemondechina,limoncito(Guam)RutaceaeshrubTriplarisweigeltianaEnglish:longjohn,longjackPolygonaceaetreeTripsacumlatifoliumEnglish:wideleafgamagrassPoaceaegrassTurbinacorymbosaEnglish:turbina,Christmasvine,ololiuquiConvolvulaceaevineTurneraulmifoliaEnglish:yellowalder,sagerose,WestIndianholly,ramgoatdashalong;Other:nrinjibo(MarshallIslands)TurneraceaeherbUlexeuropaeusEnglish:gorse,furze,whin;French:ajonc,boisjonc,joncmarin,vigneauFabaceaeshrub44ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitVitexparvifloraEnglish:small-leavedvitex,smallflowerchastetree;Other:lagundi(Guam);molauin,molave(Philippines);molave(Hawai'i)Verbenaceaeshrub/treeWaterhousiafloribundaEnglish:weepinglillypilly,weepingmyrtleMyrtaceaetreeZantedeschiaaethiopicaEnglish:callalily,arumlilyAraceaeherbZiziphusmauritianaEnglish:Indianjujube,Chinesedate,Chineeapple;Other:manzanas,manzanita,jujube(Guam);baer,bahir,baher(Fiji)RhamnaceaetreeNOTE:ThecommonnamesinthisandthefollowingtablesarefromthePIERdatabaseandwebsiteandincludenamesinuseatvariouslocationsthroughoutthePacific.
AdditionalinformationcanbefoundintheindividualspeciessummariesatthePIERwebsite,http://www.
hear.
org/pier,oronthePIERCD.
45Table2.
IntroducedspeciesthatareinvasiveorpotentiallyinvasiveintheCookIslandsScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitAcaciaaulacocarpaEnglish:brownsalwood,brushironbarkwattle,hickorywattleFabaceaetreeAcaciacrassicarpaEnglish:northernwattle,PapuaNewGuinearedwattleFabaceaetreeAcaciacurassavicaredwoodFabaceaetreeAcaciafarnesianaEnglish:Ellingtoncurse,klu,sweetacacia;French:acaciajaune,cassie;Other:titima(CookIslands);vaivaivaka-vatona,vaivaivakavotona,banbaburi,oki(Fiji);aroma,popinac,kandaroma(Guam,CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands);kolu(Hawai'i);tekaibakoa(Kiribati);debena(Nauru)FabaceaeshrubAcaciamangiumEnglish:mangium,brownsalwood,blackwattle,hickorywattle;Other:ākasia(CookIslands);tuhkehnpwelmwahu(Pohnpei)FabaceaetreeAdenantherapavoninaEnglish:coralbeantree,redsandalwoodtree,redbeadtree,lopa,beadtree,falsewiliwili,peacockflower-fence,Polynesianpeanut;French:boisdecondori;Other:lopa(AmericanSamoa,FenchPolynesia,SamoaandTonga);matakōviriviri(CookIslands);kōviriviri,tavara(CookIslands(Mangaia));pitipiti'ō(CookIslands('Atiu));lera,lerendamu,vaivai,vaivainivavalangi(Fiji),pomea(Fiji,Niue),la'aupaina,pitipitio(FrenchPolynesia);colales,culalis,kolales,kulales,kulalis(Guam,CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands);hua'ula'ula(Hawai'i);(metekam,metkam,metkem,mwetkwem(Kosrae);telengtúngd,telentundalel(Palau);kaikes(Pohnpei)Fabaceaetree*ArdisiacrenataEnglish:hen'seyes,Hiloholly,coralberry,Australianholly,scratchthroat;French:arbreànolMyrsinaceaeshrubArdisiaellipticaEnglish:shoebuttonardisia;Other:venevenetinitō(CookIslands);atipopa'a,atiu(FrenchPolynesia);togovao(Samoa)Myrsinaceaeshrub*AsparagusdensiflorusEnglish:asparagusfern,sprengerifern,smilax,regalfernLiliaceaeherbAsparagussetaceusEnglish:ornamentalasparagus,climbingasparagusfern,plumosa;French:aspergeplumeuse;Other:remu(CookIslands);taupo'ou(Tonga)LiliaceaevineAzollafiliculoidesEnglish:mosquitofernAzollaceaefernBryophyllumpinnatumEnglish:lifeplant,airplant,resurrectionplant,Canterburybells,cathedralbells,Mexicanloveplant;Spanish:hojadelaire;Other:ngāngā'eretoka(CookIslands);bulatawamudu(Fiji);'oliwakukahakai(Hawai'I);teang(Kiribati);kibilia(MarshallIslands);tupuhelau,tupunoa(Niue);pagi(Samoa);pipivao(Tonga)CrassulaceaeherbCardiospermumgrandiflorumEnglish:balloonvine;heartseed;Other:kopūpūtakaviri(CookIslands)SapindaceaevineCecropiaobtusifoliaEnglish:trumpettree,guarumo;Other:rau-māniota(CookIslands)CecropiaceaetreeCestrumdiurnumEnglish:inkberry,dayjessamine,daycestrum,Chinaberry;Other:ariki-va'ine(CookIslands);thauthau(Fiji);tinta'n-China,tentanchinu,tintanChina(Guam,CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands);makahala(Hawai'i);sugivao,sunivao(Samoa);vaitohi(Tonga)SolanaceaeshrubCestrumnocturnumEnglish:night-floweringcestrum,night-floweringjasmine,queen(orlady)ofthenight;Other:teineolepo,ali'iolepo(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tiareariki-va'ine,ariki-va'ine(CookIslands);thauthau,thauthaunimbongi,kara(Fiji);dama-de-noche(Guam);'alaaumoe,kupaoa,onaonaIapana(Hawai'i);jooulruawa(MarshallIslands);ikihepo(Niue);lakaupo'uli(Tonga)SolanaceaeshrubCinnamomumverumEnglish:cinnamontree;French:cannelierdeCeylan;Other:ochodrangebard(Palau).
tinamoni,tigamoni(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)LauraceaetreeClerodendrumchinenseEnglish:Honolulurose,stickbush,glorybower;Other:losaHonolulu,losaOnolulu(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pītatemāma'o,tiaretupapaku(CookIslands);pikakehohono,pikakewauke(Hawai'i)Verbenaceaeshrub*CortaderiaselloanaEnglish:pampasgrass,silverpampasgrass,UruguayanpampasgrassPoaceaegrass*CryptostegiamadagascariensisEnglish:MadagascarrubbervineAsclepiadaceaevineCyperusinvolucratusEnglish:umbrellasedge,umbrellaplant,dwarfpapyrusgrass;Other:'ahu'awahaole,pu'uka'ahaole(Hawai'i)Cyperaceaesedge46ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabit*DieffenbachiaseguineEnglish:dieffenbachia,dumbcane;Other:yalunivavalagi(Fiji)AraceaeherbDissotisrotundifoliaEnglish:dissotis,Spanishshawl,pinkladyMelastomataceaeherbEgeriadensaEnglish:egeria,leafyelodea,densewaterweedHydrocharitaceaeaquaticherbEichhorniacrassipesEnglish:waterhyacinth;French:jacinthed'eau;Other:ririvai(CookIslands(Mangaia));mbekambekairanga,ndambendambeninga,jalkhumbe,bekabekairaga,dabedabenega,jalkhumbe(Fiji);bungelralm(Palau)Pontederiaceaeaquaticherb*ErigeronkarvinskianusEnglish:Mexicandaisy,seasidedaisy,daisyfleabaneAsteraceaeherbEugeniaunifloraEnglish:Surinamcherry,redBrazilcherry;French:cerisiercarré,cerisierdeCayenne;Other:venevene(CookIslands);menemene(CookIslands(Mangaia));kafika,kafikapalangi(Niue),pitanga(Brazil)Myrtaceaeshrub/treeFalcatariamoluccanaEnglish:Moluccaalbizia;Other:tamaligipalagi(AmericanSamoa);'ārapitia(CookIslands);tuhkekerosene,tuhkehnkarisihn(Pohnpei);ukallrangebard(Palau);tamaligipaepae(Samoa)FabaceaetreeFlemingiamacrophyllaFabaceaetreeFlemingiastrobiliferaEnglish:luckplant,wildhops;French:sainfoindubengale;Other:besungelaiei(Palau)FabaceaeshrubGmelinaarboreaEnglish:gmelina,whiteteak,whitebeech;Spanish:melina;Other:yemane(Fiji,Philippines)VerbenaceaetreeHedychiumcoronariumEnglish:whiteginger,butterflylily,gingerlily,garlandflower;Other:teuilapaepae(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tunun,sinser(Chuuk);kōpīteatea,re'ateatea(CookIslands);ndrove,cevugavula,dalasika(Fiji);thevunga(Fiji,Tonga);'awapuhike'oke'o(Hawai'i);sinterpwetepwet(Pohnpei);tolon(Puluwat)Zingiberaceaeherb*HedychiumflavescensEnglish:yellowginger,creamginger;French:longoze;Other:teuila(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kōpīrengarenga,re'arengarenga(CookIslands);opuhirearea(FrenchPolynesia);'awapuhimelemele(Hawai'i)Zingiberaceaeherb*HedychiumgardnerianumEnglish:kahiliginger;Other:kōpī(CookIslands);cevugadromodromo(Fiji);kahili,'awapuhikahili(Hawai'i);sinterweitahta(Pohnpei)ZingiberaceaeherbLantanacamaraEnglish:lantana;Other:latana(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tātarāmoapapa'ā(CookIslands);tātarāmoa(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);kauboica,kaumboitha,mbonambulumakau,mbonarambulumakau,tokalau,waiwai,lanitana(Fiji);tarataramoa,taratarahamoa(FrenchPolynesia);latoramoa(FrenchPolynesia(Tahiti));lakana,la'aukalakala,lanakana(Ni'ihau),mikinoliahihiu,mikinoliahohono,mikinoliakuku(Hawai'i);rosfonacni(Kosrae);tekaibuaka,tekaibuaja(Kiribati);migiroa(Nauru),landana,rantana,rahndana,tukasuweth(Pohnpei);talatala,talatalatalmoa(Tonga)Verbenaceaeshrub*LonicerajaponicaEnglish:Japanesehoneysuckle,Hall'shoneysuckle;Other:pitatepapa'ā(CookIslands);mangamangārima(CookIslands(Ma'uke));honekakala(Hawai'i)Caprifoliaceaevine*Macfadyenaunguis-catiEnglish:cat's-clawclimberBignoniaceaevineMeliaazedarachEnglish:Chinaberry,pride-of-India,indianlilac,Persianlilac,whitecedar,margosatree,tira;French:lilasdesIndes,arbreàchapelets;Spanish:jazmin(GalapagosIs.
);Other:tīra(CookIslands);dake,bakain(Fiji),paraiso,para'isu(Guam);'inia,'ilinia(Hawai'i);sili,tili(Niue);lelah(Pohnpei);sita(Tonga);prais(Yap)MeliaceaetreeMerremiapeltataEnglish:merremia;Other:fuevae(AmericanSamoa),fuelautetele(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);fidau,fitau,fitaw,fitay(Chuuk);kūrima(CookIslands('Atiu));wambula,wabula,wadamu,wandamu,viliyawa,wiliviwa,veliyana,wiliao(Fiji);pohue(FrenchPolynesia);lagon,lagoun,lagun(Guam);pala,pul,para,puhlah(Kosrae);fue,fuevao,fuekula(Niue);kebeas(Palau);ceul,lohl,iol,yol,yool(Pohnpei);abui,grobihi,arosumou(SolomonIslands);fuemea(Tonga);wachathal(Yap)ConvolvulaceaevineMikaniamicranthaEnglish:mile-a-minuteweed,Chinesecreeper,Americanrope,bittervine;French:lianeaméricaine,liane-serpent;Other:fuesaina(AmericanSamoa,SamoaandNiue);pōkutekute(CookIslands('Atiu));wambosuthu,wambosuvu,wambutako,wandamele,ovaova,wabosucu,usuvanua(Fiji);foulaina(Niue),teb'lyas(Palau);kwalokoburu,(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)Asteraceaevine47ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitMimosainvisaEnglish:giantsensitiveplant,nilagrass;French:grandesensitive,sensitivegèante;Other:pikika'apapa'ā(CookIslands(Aitutaki));vaofefepalagi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa),wangandrongandrolevu,wangandrongandroniwangalelevu,cogadrogadro(Fiji);mechiuaiuu(Palau);limemeihrlaud(Pohnpei);singbiguinsasa(Saipan);la'aufefetele,la'aufefepalagi(Samoa);FabaceaeshrubOdontonematubaeformeEnglish:firespike,cardinalflower;Other:totoē(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)AcanthaceaeshrubPanicummaximumEnglish:Guineagrass,greenpanic,buffalograss;French:herbedeGuinéa,panicélevé,capimeguiné,fataque;Other:vaokini(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tinikarāti(CookIslands);talapi(CookIslands(Ma'uke);saafa(Tonga)PoaceaegrassPassiflorafoetidaEnglish:love-in-a-mist,wildpassionfruit,passionflower,stinkingpassionflower;French:passiflore;Spanish:bedoca(GalapagosIs.
);Other:pasiovao(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);bombom(Chuuk),sou,lolilolinikalavo,qaranidila(Fiji);pohapoha(Hawai'i);laniwai(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau));teabiku(Kiribati);vinevao(Niue);kudamono(Palau);pompom,pwomwpwomw(Pohnpei);kinahulo'atdao,dulce(Saipan);vaine'initia(Tonga);tomates(Yap)PassifloraceaevinePennisetumpurpureumEnglish:elephantgrass,napiergrass,merkergrass;French:herbeéléphant,faussecanneàsucre;Spanish:pastoelefante;Other:'erepani(CookIslands(Atiu));acfucsracsracsr(Kosrae);bokso(Palau);puk-soh(Pohnpei);vaobovi(Samoa)Poaceaegrass*PennisetumsetaceumEnglish:fountaingrassPoaceaegrassPhyllostachysbissetiiEnglish:runningbambooPoaceaeshrub*PhyllostachysnigraEnglish:blackbamboo;French:bambounoirPoaceaeshrubPimentaracemosaEnglish:baytree,bayrumtree,bayoiltree,malagueta;Other:sinamoni(Tonga)MyrtaceaetreePistiastratiotesEnglish:waterlettuce,tropicalduckweed;French:laitued'eau,pistie;Other:lechuguitadeagua,repollodeagua,apon-apon,apoe-apoe,beo-cai,chawkAraceaeaquaticherbPlucheacarolinensisEnglish:sourbushAsteraceaeshrubPsidiumcattleianumEnglish:strawberryguava,cherryguava,Cattleyguava,Chineseguava;French:goyavierdeChine;Other:tūavapapa'ā(CookIslands);ngguava(Fiji),tuavatinito,tuvavatinito(FrenchPolynesia);waiawi'ula'ula(Hawai'i);kuahpa(Pohnpei);ku'ava(Samoa)MyrtaceaetreePsidiumguajavaEnglish:guava;French:goyavier;Spanish:guayaba,guayabo;Other:ku'ava(AmericanSamoa,Tonga,Tuvalu,Fiji,Samoa);kuafa(Chuuk);tūava,tūvava(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);quwawa,nguava,ngguavaniIndia,amrut(Fiji);tumutuava(FrenchPolynesia);abasguayaba(Galapagos);abas(Guam,Saipan-Chamorro,Yap);kuawa,kuawake'oke'o,kuawalemi,kuawamomona,pauwa(Hawai'i);kuhfahfah(Kosrae);tekuava,tekuawa(Kiribati);kuwawa(Nauru);kautoga,kautonga,kautogatane,kautongatane(Niue);guabang,kuabang(Palau);guahva,kuahpa(Pohnpei);apas(Saipan);abwas(Saipan-Carolinian)Myrtaceaetree*ScheffleraactinophyllaEnglish:octopustree,umbrellatree,ivypalm;French:arbre-pieuvre,arbreombelleAraliaceaetreeScindapsusaureusEnglish:pothos,moneyplant;Other:'ara(CookIslands(Ma'uke));yalu,wayalu,walu,halu,waloa,matha,nanggalanggala,nanggalinggali,tonga,tanga(Fiji);alu(Fiji,Tonga)Araceaevine*SetariapalmifoliaEnglish:palmgrass,shortpitpit,hailanspitpit,broadleavedbristlegrass;Other:vao'ofe'ofe(Samoa)PoaceaegrassSolanumcapsicoidesEnglish:cockroachberry,devil'sapple,sodaapple;Other:poro'ititaratara(CookIslands);kikaniakei,akaaka,akaka(Hawai'i)SolanaceaeherbSpathodeacampanulataEnglish:Africantuliptree,fireball,fountaintree;French:tulipierduGabon,pisse-pisse;Spanish:tulipanafricano;Other:kō'ī'ī,mimi,pātītīvaipatitivai,pititivai(CookIslands);matakō'ī'īko'i'i(CookIslands(Mangaia));apr(CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands);tagamimi(Fiji);orsachelkui(Palau);tuhkedulip(Pohnpei);fa'apasi(Samoa);tiulipe(Tonga);rarningobchey(Yap)Bignoniaceaetree48ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitStachytarphetacayennensisEnglish:bluerat'stail,dark-bluesnakeweed,falseverbena,nettleleafvelvetberry;French:herbebleue;Other:ouchung,sakura(Chuuk),tiāki(CookIslands(Miti'aro));louchbeluu(Palau);mautofutai,mautofuvao,matofufualanumoana(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);teuti(Kiribati);mautofuSamoa,motofuSamoa(Niue);hiku'ikuma,hiku'kuma,'iku'ikuma,iku'ikuma(Tonga);turulakaka,tumbutumbu,serakawa,lavenia,sekarakarawa(Fiji)VerbenaceaeherbSyngoniumangustatumEnglish:arrowheadplant,goosefootplantAraceaevineSyzygiumcuminiEnglish:Javaplum;jambolanplum;French:faux-pistachier,jamelonguier,jamélongue,jambolanier;Other:pistati,ka'ika(CookIslands);paramu(CookIslands(Aitutaki);duhat(Guam);mesegerak,mesekerrak,mesekerrák,mesigerak(Palau);jamelonguier(NewCaledonia);kavikaniIndia,jammun(Fiji)MyrtaceaetreeTecomastansEnglish:yellowbells,yellow-elder,yellowtrumpetbush;Other:tekoma(CookIslands);piti(FrenchPolynesia,Tonga);peeal(Puluwat)BignoniaceaesmalltreeTephrosiacandidaEnglish:whitetephrosia,whitehoary-pea;Frenchindigosauvage,indigoblancFabaceaeshrubTibouchinaurvilleanaEnglish:glorybush,lasiandra,princessflowerMelastomataceaeherbTribuluscistoidesEnglish:puncturevine,caltrop,burrnut,Jamaicanfeverplant,goat'shead;Spanish:cachodechivo;Other:nohu,nohunohu(Hawai'i);temaukinikini(Kiribati)ZygophyllaceaeherbWedeliatrilobataEnglish:wedelia,trailingdaisy,Singaporedaisy,creepingox-eye;Other:ngesilrangebard(Palau);dihpwongohng,tuhkeongohng(Pohnpei);rosrangrang(Kosrae);utmkadkad,uttelia(MarshallIslands);atiat(Puluwat);ate(Tonga)Asteraceaeherb*Onlyseenorreportedtobeincultivation49Table3.
Speciesthatarereportedasinvasiveorweedyelsewhereandarecommon,weedyorcultivatedintheCookIslandsScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitAbelmoschusmoschatusEnglish:fautia,muskmallow,muskokra;French:ambrette,gombomusqué,ketmiemusquée,grainedemusc;Other:'autetoga,fautagaloa,fuasamasama(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);karereon,karereonnikapweriknik,kareron,likonokon(Chuuk);vavaitara(CookIslands);ta'uri'au(CookIslands(Mangaia));wakiwaki,wakewake,wakeke,vakeke,aukiki,okeoke,o'e'e(Fiji);kamang,ka'mang(Guam);fouingo(Niue),gongul(Palau);metei,mety,methey(Pohnpei);loa,fau'ingo(Tonga);fauingo(WallisandFutunaandFutunaandFutuna);hathongethong,kamwayang,nikapwerik,setmwechin,sotumo(Yap)MalvaceaeherbAcaciaauriculiformisEnglish:Papuanwattle,auri,earleafacacia,northernblackwattle,ear-podwattle;Other:ākasia(CookIslands);tuhkehnpwelmwahu(Pohnpei)Fabaceaetree*AcaciamearnsiiEnglish:blackwattle;French:acacianoir;Other:ākasia(CookIslands)FabaceaetreeAlbizialebbeckEnglish:siris-tree,raintree,EastIndianwalnut,kokko,woman's-tonguetree,soros-tree,raomtree;French:boisnoir;Other:'arapitia(CookIslands(Miti'aro));trongkon-mames,tronkonmames,mamis(Guam);kalaskas,trongkon-kalaskas(CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands–Chamorro);schepilkalaskas(CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands–Carolinian);ukallrangebard(Palau);gumorningabchey;ngumorrningobchey(Yap);'ohai(Hawai'i);vaivai,vaivainivavalangi,vaivainivavalagi(Fiji);tamaligipa'epa'e(Samoa);kasia(Tonga)FabaceaetreeAleuritesmoluccanaEnglish:candlenut,Indianwalnut;French:bancoulier,bancoulier,noyerdebancoul,noyerdesMoluques;Other:lumbang(Guam),raguar(CarolineIslands);sakan,shakan(Pohnpei);lama(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kukui(Hawai'i);tuitui(CookIslands,Niue,Tonga),'ama(Marquesas);lauci,lauthe,lauthi,toto,tuitui,tutui,waiwai,sekeci,sikethi,sikeli,nggerenggere(Fiji);tahiitiairi,ti'a'iri,tutui,tahiri(FrenchPolynesia)Euphorbiaceaetree*AllamandacatharticaEnglish:yellowtrumpetvine,goldentrumpet,allamanda,brownbudallamanda,goldenallamanda,goldencup;French:monettejaune,li'anes'aime;Other:puataunofo(AmericanSamoaandSamoa),tiarerengarenga,pua(CookIslands);lani-ali'i(Hawai'i)Apocynaceaeshrub*AlpiniapurpurataEnglish:redginger;Other:kōpīmuramura(CookIslands);thevunga(Fiji);'awapuhi'ula'ula(Hawai'i);teuila(Samoa);tevunga(Tonga)ZingiberaceaeherbAnacardiumoccidentaleEnglish:cashew,cashewnut;French:anacardier,pommedecojou,acajouapommes,pommierd'acajou;Other:kātū(CookIslands);kasoi(Guam);'apu'initia(Samoa);'apu,kesiu(Tonga)Anacardiaceaetree*AnnonaglabraEnglish:pondapple,alligatorapple,bullock'sheart,cherimoyer;French:annonedesmarais,corossolierdesmarais;Other:utonimbulumakau,utonibulumakau,kaitambo,kaitambu(Fiji)Annonaceaetree*AnnonamuricataEnglish:soursop,pricklycustardapple;French:corossolier,cacheimantierépineux,cachimanépineux,corossolépineux;Other:kātara'apa(CookIslands);kātara'apapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));naponapotaratara(CookIslands(Aitutaki));saasaf,sasaf(Chuuk);tapotapopapaa(FrenchPolynesia);laguana,laguaná,laguanaha,laguanaba,labuanaha(Guam);sosap(Kosrae);jojaab(MarshallIslands);syasyap(NorthernMarianaIslands),talapofotofoto(Niue),sausab(Palau);sei,sae,trukashai(Pohnpei);sasalapa(Samoa);'apele'initia(Tonga);sausau(Yap)Annonaceaetree*AnnonasquamosaEnglish:sugarapple,sweetsop,custardapple,sugarapple;French:annoneécailleuse,pomme-canelle;Other:tapotapo(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);tapotapoMāori(CookIslands);kātara'apaMāori(CookIslands(Mangaia));naponapoMāori(CookIslands(Aitutaki));atis,ates(Guam);ngelrangebard(Palau),'apelepapalangi,'apeleTonga(Tonga),nameana(Tuvalu)AnnonaceaetreeAnrederacordifoliaEnglish:Madeiravine,mignonettevine,lamb'stails;Other:tāpau(CookIslands('Atiu));'ualahupe(Hawai'i);filikafa(Niue)Basellaceaevine*AntigononleptopusEnglish:Mexicancreeper,mountainrose,Confederatevine,chain-of-love,heartsonachain,love-vine,coralbells,coralvine,queen'sjewels,kadenadeamor,corallita;Other:dilngau(Palau);rohsapoak(Pohnpei)Polygonaceaevine50ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitAristolochialittoralisEnglish:Dutchman'spipe,calicoflower;Other:mokorā(CookIslands);fuepaipaholani(Tonga)AristolochiaceaevineArundodonaxEnglish:giantreed,Spanishreed,wildcane;French:cannedeProvence,grandroseau;Other:ngasaunivavalangi(Fiji);fisopalagi,fisopapalagi(Samoa);kahofolalahi(Tonga)PoaceaegrassAxonopuscompressusEnglish:blanketgrass,carpetgrass;Other:kambutunivavalangi(Fiji)PoaceaegrassAxonopusfissifoliusEnglish:carataograss,narrow-leavedcarpetgrassPoaceaegrass*AzadirachtaindicaEnglish:neem,nim,margosaMeliaceaetreeBambusavulgarisEnglish:bamboo;French:bambou;Other:iich(Chuuk);ko'epapa'ā(CookIslands);bitu(Fiji);'ohe(FrenchPolynesia,Hawai'i);'ofe(FrenchPolynesia,Samoa),pi'ao,pi'aopalaoan(GuamandNorthernMarianas-Chamorro);bwai(GuamandNorthernMarianas-Carolinian);bambu(Kosrae);tekaibaba(Kiribati);bae,koba(MarshallIslands);kahopalangi(Niue);pehriensapahn(Pohnpei);bambuu(Palau);'ofeFiti,'ofepapalagi(Samoa);kofe(Tonga,Tuvalu);pitu(Tonga);pampu(Tuvalu);moor(Yap)PoaceaetreeBauhiniamonandraEnglish:orchid-tree,St.
Thomas-tree,Napoleon'splume;flamboyant(Pohnpei),floresmariposa(CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands);mariposa(Guam);pinkbutterflytree(Fiji);Other:vaepovi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pine(CookIslands(Rarotonga),FrenchPolynesia);pīpī(CookIslands(Aitu));pī(CookIslands(Ma'ukeandMiti'aro));pinefualoloa(Niue)Fabaceaetree*BauhiniapurpureaEnglish:purpleorchidtree;purplebutterflytree,pinkbutterflytree(Fiji);French:fleurspourpresFabaceaetree*BauhiniavariegataEnglish:orchidtree;mountainebony,butterflytree(Fiji);French:boisdeboeuf,sabotboeuf,arbredeSaint-ThomasFabaceaetreeBothriochloabladhiiEnglish:bluegrass,Australianbeardgrass,Caucasianbluestem;Other:desum(Palau);latokagrass,thambonigrass(Fiji)Poaceaegrass*BryophyllumdelagoenseEnglish:chandelierplantCrassulaceaeherb*CalliandrahaematocephalaEnglish:redpowderpuff;French:pomponFabaceaeshrub*CalliandrasurinamensisEnglish:SurinamesestickpeaFabaceaetree*CallisiafragransEnglish:fragrantinchplant,basketplant,spironemaCommelinaceaeherbCalopogoniummucunoidesEnglish:calopo;Other:akankan-guakag(Guam)Fabaceaevine*CalotropisgiganteaEnglish:calotrope,crownflower,madar;French:mercurevégétal,mudar;Other:pua-kalaunu(Hawai'i);tahinu(FrenchPolynesia)AscelepiadaceaeshrubCanangaodorataEnglish:perfumetree;French:canangodorant;Other:moso'oi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pwanang,pwuur,pwalang(Chuuk);ylang-ylang,lengileng;(CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands);mata'oi,mato'oi,moto'oi,(CookIslands,Niue,Tahiti);makasoi,makosoi,makusui,mokohoi,mokosoi(Fiji);moto'i(FrenchPolynesia);ilang-ilang,alang-ilang(Guam,Philippines);lanalana(Hawai'i);ilanlang,ilahnglahng(Kosrae);ilanilan,ilala(MarshallIslands);motoi(Niue);chiráng,irang(Palau);pur-n-wai,pwurenwai,sair-n-wai,seirinwai,seirenwai(Pohnpei);mohoki,mohokoi(Tonga)AnnonaceaetreeCardiospermumhalicacabumEnglish:balloonvine,heartpea,love-in-a-puff;Other:waniu,voniu(Fiji);vinivinio(FrenchPolynesia),poniu,haleakai'a,'inalua,pohuehueuka(Hawai'i)Sapindaceaevine*CarludovicapalmataEnglish:Panamahatplant;French:carludoviquepalmée;Spanish:chidra,palmadesombrero,palmajipijapa,toquilla;Other:Panamā(CookIslands)Cyclanthaceaeshrub*CedrelaodorataEnglish:cigarboxcedar,Mexicancedar,WestIndiancedar,Spanishcedar,Barbadoscedar;French:cèdreacajou,cèdredesbarbares;Spanish:cedrocubano(GalapagosIs.
);Other:sitahina(Tonga)Meliaceaetree51ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitCeibapentandraEnglish:kapok,kapoktree,silk-cottontree,pacae;French:kapokier,capoc,boiscoton;Spanish:ceibo;Other:vavae(AmericanSamoa,Samoa,Niue,Tonga);koton(Chuuk);vavai(CookIslandsandFrenchPolynesia);vavaimama'u,vavaimaori(CookIslands);mama'u(CookIslands(Mangaia,Aitutaki));vauvaunivavalangi,semar(Fiji);algodondeManila,atgodondiManila,algidon,atgidondeManila(Guam);kuhtin,cutin(Kosrae);koatoa,atagodon,bulik,kotin(MarshallIslands);kalngebard,kalngebárd,kerrekarngebard(Palau);cottin,koatun,koatoa(Pohnpei);arughuschel(Saipan),battenigan'ken(Yap);vavaunilokoloko(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)BombacaceaetreeCenchrusechinatusEnglish:burgrass,sand-bur,southernsandbur,MossmanRivergrass(Australia);French:herbeacateaux(Mauritius);Other:tuitui,vaotuitui(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);piripiri(CookIslands);pārango(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));sembulabula(Fiji);piri-piri,pipiri(FrenchPolynesia);mau'ukuku,'ume'alu(Hawai'i);teanti,tekateketeke(Kiribati);cram-cram(NewCaledonia);motievihilago,mosievihilango(Niue);lklk,klklk,lellik,lekelik,liklik,karmwijmwij,karumwij(MarshallIslands);cauit-cauitan(Philippines);hefa(Tonga)PoaceaegrassCentrosemapubescensEnglish:centro,butterfly-pea;French:fleur-languette,poisbtard;Other:piriarero(CookIslands(Miti'aro));pinindola(Fiji)FabaceaeherbChlorisbarbataEnglish:swollenfingergrass,purpletopchloris(Australia),airportgrass(Fiji);Other:mau'ulei(Hawai'i)Poaceaegrass*CinnamomumcamphoraEnglish:camphortree,camphorlaurel;French:camphre,camphrierLauraceaetreeClerodendrumbuchananiivar.
fallaxEnglish:redclerodendrum,pagoda-flower;Other:rākautupopoku(CookIslands('Atiu));talufe(Niue);lau'awa(Hawai'i);amo'ula,amo'ule(Tonga)VerbenaceaeshrubClitoriaternateaEnglish:butterflypea,Asianpigeonwings;French:honte;Other:buikike,bukike,paokeke,bukikepaokeke,capadelareina,kapadelaraina(Guam);putitainubia(CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands);pepe(Niue);latoela,nawa(Fiji),paipa(Tonga)FabaceaevineCoffeaarabicaEnglish:coffee;French:café,caféierd'Arabie;Spanish:café,cafeto;Other:kaope,kaopeMaori(CookIslands);kove(Fiji);kofe(Fiji,Niue,Samoa),kofi(Tonga);kafe(Marquesas);taofe(Tahiti)RubiaceaetreeCommelinadiffusaEnglish:commelina,dayflower,wanderingJew,spiderwort;Spanish:chiriyuyo;Other:mauku-vai,mauku'oro'enua,maukupuakatoro(CookIslands);semprebiban-damalong(Guam);honohono(Hawai'i);mau'utoga,mau'uTonga(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);mohukuvai,musiematalapulu(Tonga);airorongi,airongorongo,airogorogo,cobulabula,rongomatailevu,thombulambula,matembulambula,drano,duludauwere,ndrano,ndulandauwere,luna,thonggalonggalo(Fiji),ma'apape(FrenchPolynesia)CommelinaceaeherbCostusspeciosusEnglish:crepeginger,crapeginger,wildginger,Malayginger,canereed;Other:isebsab(Palau)ZingiberaceaeherbCrotalariamicansEnglish:crotalaria;Other:pinekotalelia,pile(Niue)FabaceaeshrubCuscutacampestrisEnglish:goldendodder,fielddodder,five-angleddodder;Other:tiaea(CookIslands(Mangaia));navereverelangi,wavereverelangi,walawala,wambosuthu,wandanga,watikaivu,ndithangi(Fiji)ConvolvulaceaevineCynodondactylonEnglish:Bermudagrass,giantBermudagrass,bahamagrass,devil'sgrass,couchgrass,Indiandoab,grama,devilgrass,couchgrass,balamagrass;French:chiendent,petitchiendent,chiendentpied-de-poule;Other:matie(CookIslands);manini,manienie(Hawai'i);motiemolulu(Niue);kambuta,kabuta(Fiji);mosiemolulu(Niue);herbedecouverture(NewCaledonia);pastobermuda,zacatebermuda,gramadulce,gramón,hierbafina,grama-seda,(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)PoaceaegrassCyperusrotundusEnglish:nutgrass,nutsedge,purplenutsedge,cocograss;French:souchetrond,souchetàtubercules,herbeàoignon;Other:mauku'ōniāni,'ōniāni(CookIslands);soronakambani,soranakambani,soronikabani,ivako,malanga,vucesa,motha,vuthesamotha(Fiji);chaguanhumatag(Guam);kili'o'opu,mau'umokae(Hawai'i);temumute(Kiribati);tuteoneon(MarshallIslands);mumuta(Samoa,Tokelau);pakopako(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeDerrisellipticaEnglish:derris;Other:tuba,bagin(Guam);oop,op(Kosrae);dub(Palau);up(Chuuk,Pohnpei);peinuhp,uhp,upanai,upanyap,upkesetik(Pohnpei);yuub(Yap);nduva,duvanivavalagi,nduvanivavalangi(Fiji)Fabaceaevine52ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitDerrismalaccensisEnglish:NewGuineacreeper;Other:'avaniukini(AmericanSamoa);'orapāpua,rakaupapua(CookIslands);nduva,tuva,nduvaniniukini(Fiji);horapapua(FrenchPolynesia);akauniukini(Niue);fuefa'i'ava(Samoa);kavafisi(Tonga)FabaceaevineDesmodiumtortuosumEnglish:Floridabeggarweed,Spanishclover,dixieticktrefoilFabaceaeherbDigitariaciliarisEnglish:Henry'scrabgrass,smoothcrabgrass,tropicalcrabgrass,largecrabgrass,southerncrabgrass,fingergrass,summergrass;French:digitaireciliée;Other:kukaepua'a(Hawai'i);Saulangi(Niue)PoaceaegrassDigitariaviolascensEnglish:smoothcrabgrass,violetcrabgrass;Other:sau(Palau)Poaceaegrass*DurantaerectaEnglish:duranta,goldendewdrop,pigeon-berry,sky-flower;Other:'olive(Tonga)VerbenaceaeshrubEleusineindicaEnglish:goosegrass,wiregrass,goosefoot,crow'sfoot,bullgrass;French:pieddepoule;Other:fahitalo,lauta'ata'a,ta'ata'a(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);maukumārōki'aki'a(CookIslands);kavoronaisivi,vorovoroisivi,ghoraya(Fiji);tamamau(FrenchPolynesia),umog(Guam);manienieali'i(Hawai'i);mahkwekwe(Kosrae);katejukjuk(MarshallIslands);mosiefahitalo(Niue);deskim,keteketarmalk(Palau);rehtakai(Pohnpei);takataka,takataka'aleala,mohukusiamane(Tonga);teuteute(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)Poaceaegrass*FicusbenjaminaEnglish:weepingfig,baka,Javafig,weepingfig;Other:'ovavafisi(Tonga)Moraceaetree*FicuselasticaEnglish:Indiarubbertree,rubberplant;Other:rapa(CookIslands);komunokí(Palau);rapah(Pohnpei);gak'iynigoma(Yap)Moraceaetree*FicusmacrophyllaEnglish:MoretonBayfigMoraceaetreeFlacourtiajangomasEnglish:Indian-plum,runeala-plum;French:prunierd'Inde;Spanish:ciruelaforasteraFlacourtiaceaetree*FlacourtiarukamEnglish:Indianplum,Indianprune,governor'splum;French:pruniercafé,prunierdeChine,pruniermalgache;Other:filimoto(Fiji,Futuna,SamoaandAmericanSamoa,Tonga)FlacourtiaceaetreeFurcraeafoetidaEnglish:Mauritiushemp,sisal,maguey,giantcabuya;French:aloèsvert,chanvredeMaurice;Other:piāni,rōpiāni(CookIslands);malina(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau));toua(Niue);faumalila,faumalila(Tonga)Agavaceaesucculent*GliricidiasepiumEnglish:motherofcacao,quickstick,Mexicanlilac;Spanish:madredecacaoFabaceaetreeGomphocarpusphysocarpusEnglish:balloonplant,bladderbushAsclepiadaceaeshrub*GrevilleabanksiiEnglish:kahiliflower,Banksgrevillea;Other:ha'iku,kahili(Hawai'i);'okapua'ula'ula(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau))Proteaceaetree*GrevillearobustaEnglish:silkoak,silkyoak,heoak,silveroak,spiderflower;Other:'okakilika,ha'ikuke'oke'o(Hawai'i),oke'(Tonga)ProteaceaetreeHeliconiaspp.
English:heliconia,parrot's-flower,parrot's-plantain,crabclaw,lobsterclaw;Other:tiarepārata'ito(CookIslands)HeliconiaceaeherbHemigraphisalternataEnglish:metalleaf;redivy,cemeteryplant(Fiji);Other:suipi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)AcanthaceaeherbHippobromalongifloraEnglish:starofBethlehem,fetia,madamfate;Other:puahōkū(Hawai'i)Campanulaceaeherb*HylocereusundatusEnglish:night-bloomingcereus,strawberrypear,redpitaya,dragonfruit,pitahaya;French:pitaya,pitahayarouge;Spanish:flordeCaliz;Other:paniniokapunahou,papipipua(Hawai'i)CactaceaesucculentHyptispectinataEnglish:combhyptis,combbushmint,mintweed,purpletop;French:faussementhe;Spanish:poleooiso(Galapagos);Other:miritītā(CookIslands('Atiu));tamoleniveikau,tamolinivavalangi,timothinivavalangi,wavuwavu,ndamoli,bentulsia(Fiji);mumutunlahe,mumutunpalaoan,mumutanademelon(Guam);vaomini(Samoa)LamiaceaeherbIndigoferasuffruticosaEnglish:indigo;Other:'initiko(CookIslands);aniles(Guam);'iniko,inikoa,kolu(Hawai'i);la'aumageso(Samoa);'akauveli(Tonga)FabaceaeshrubIpomoeaaquaticaEnglish:aquaticmorningglory,swampcabbage,waterspinach,ung-choi,kangkong;French:liserond'eau,patateaquatique;Other:aseri,seeri,seri(Chuuk);rukautaviri(CookIslands);otakarisa,otakarisi,wakumala,ndrinikava,luvenetombithi(Fiji),akankong,cancon,kangkun,kangkung,kankan(Guam);tekangkong(Kiribati);lorenzo(Nauru),kangum,kangkum(Palau);'umalavai(Samoa);kangkong(Ulithi,Yap);kangking,kongkong(Yap)Convolvulaceaeaquaticherb*JacarandamimosifoliaEnglish:jacarandaBignoniaceaetree53ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabit*JatrophacurcasEnglish:physicnut,purgingnut,Barbadosnut;French:médicinier,pignond'Inde,purghère;Other:tuituipakarangi,pakarani(CookIslands);fiki(CookIslands,Fiji,Tonga);wiriwiri,wiriwirinivavalangi,utonivavalangi,banidakai,mbanindakai,manggele,maqele,ndrala(Fiji);tuba-tuba(Guam);kuku'ihi(Hawai'i),kuikuiPake(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau),laupata(Samoa)EuphorbiaceaeshrubJusticiacarneaEnglish:pinkplume-flower,pinkjacobiniaAcanthaceaeshrubKyllingabrevifoliaEnglish:greenkyllinga,greenwatersedge;Other:tumu'enua(CookIslands(Ma'uke));kili'o'opu,kaluha,manunene,mau'umokae(Hawai'i);tuise(Samoa);pakopako(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeKyllinganemoralisEnglish:whitekyllinga,whiteheadspikesedge,whitewatersedge;Other:neke'enua(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Ngaputoru));chaguanlemae,botoncillo(Guam—Chamorro);kili'o'opu(Hawai'i),ta'ata'a,ta'ata'avilitaliga,matieupo'o,matieTahiti,mo'uupo'onui,mo'uupo'o,tuise(Samoa);pakopako,pakopako'aekuma(Tahiti);tuise(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeLablabpurpureusEnglish:hyacinthbean,lablab,bonavist,Egyptiankidneybean,dolichos;French:dolique,doliqued'Egypte,poisnourrice;Other:ndralawa,natomba,tomba(Fiji);cheribillaapaka,chuchumeko(Guam—Chamorro);papapa,pi(Hawai'i);pinilaepuaka(Tonga)FabaceaevineLeonurusjaponicusEnglish:lion'stail,Chinesemotherwort;Other:vavaitara(CookIslands(Miti'aro)Lamiaceaeherb*LeptospermumscopariumEnglish:NewZealandtea;manuka(NewZealand)MyrtaceaetreeLeucaenaleucocephalaEnglish:leucaena,wildtamarind,leadtree;French:grainesdelin,faux-acacia,fauxmimosa(NewCaledonia);Other:lopaSamoa,fuapepe(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);nītō,mara'inu(CookIslands);vaivai,vaivainivavalangi,vaivaidina,balori(Fiji);atiku(FrenchPolynesia(Marquesas));ipel-ipel(Galapagos);tangantangan,tangan-tangan,talantayan(Guam,CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands,MarshallIslands);talntangan(CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands);koahaole,lili-koa,ekoa(Hawai'i);tekaitetua(Kiribati);tuhngantuhngan,rohbohtin(Kosrae);tavahikaku(Niue);pepe(NiueandSamoa);telentund(Palau);lusina(Samoa);sialemohemohe(Tonga);cassis(Vanuatu);ganitnityuwantangantan(Yap);namas(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)Fabaceaetree*LicualagrandisEnglish:ruffledfanpalm;French:palmier-cuillèreArecaceaetree(palm)MacroptiliumatropurpureumEnglish:siratro,purplebushbeanFabaceaeherb*MelicoccusbijugatusEnglish:SpanishlimeSapindaceaetreeMelinisrepensEnglish:Natalredtop,Natalgrass,redNatalgrass,Holme'sgrass,blanketgrass;French:herbeduNatal,herberose,herbepappangue;tricholène(NewCaledonia);Other:salapona(Tonga)PoaceaegrassMerremiatuberosaEnglish:woodrose,Spanisharborvine,yellowmorning-glory;French:liane-à-tonelle,liane-jaune;Other:alarrak(Saipan);pilikai(Hawai'i)ConvolvulaceaevineMimosapudicaEnglish:sensitiveplant,sleepinggrass;French:sensitive;Other:la'aufefe,vaofefe,vaotuitui,tuitui(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pikika'a,rākaupikika'a,rākau'avare,rākau'avarevare,tiarepikika'a,tītāpikika'a,rākaupikika(CookIslands);paope'āvare(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));thongandrongandro,thokandrodandro,cogadrogadro(Fiji);poheha'avare,popeha'avare(FrenchPolynesia);betguensosa(Guam);puahilahila(Hawai'i);memege(Niue);mechiuaiu(Palau);limemeihr(Pohnpei);mateloi(Tonga)FabaceaeherbMuntingiacalaburaEnglish:jamtree,strawberrytree,Jamaicancherry,Singaporecherry,Panamacherry,Panamaberry,ornamentalcherry,calabura,sirsen;French:boisramier;Other:venevene(CookIslands(Penrhyn));capulin(Fiji,FrenchPolynesia);manzanilla,mansanita,manzanita(Guam,CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands),budo(Palau,Yap)Tiliaceaetree*MurrayapaniculataEnglish:orangejessamine,satin-wood,Chinesebox,Hawaiianmockorange;Other:tiare'ānani(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia)Rutaceaeshrub/treeNymphaeaspp.
English:waterlily;Other:ririvai(CookIslands)NymphaeaceaeherbOcimumgratissimumEnglish:wildbasil,clovebasil,treebasil;French:basilic,menthegabonaise;Other:miritītā,miritūtaepuaka,miringanga'ere,miritūpāpaku(CookIslands);miripapa'ā,miritaratoni(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);la'ausauga(Samoa)LamiaceaeherbOperculinaventricosaEnglish:paperrose,St.
Thomaslidpod;Other:alalag(Guam);palulu(Samoa);fuehina(Tonga)Convolvulaceaevine54ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabit*Opuntiaspp.
English:pricklypear;Other:lenguadevaca(Guam)Cactaceaesucculents*ParaseriantheslophanthaEnglish:brushwattle,plumealbizia,plumeacacia,stinkbeanFabaceaeshrub/treePaspalumconjugatumEnglish:Tgrass,tigrass,sourgrass;sourpalpalum,buffalograss,carabaograss,Hilograss(Hawai'i);French:herbesure,herbecréole;herbedetauère(NewCaledonia);Other:vaolima,(AmericanSamoa,Samoa,Tonga,Niue);fetinwumwune(Chuuk);maukutaravao,maukukatini(CookIslands);mau'uHilo(Hawai'i),muhsrasre(Kosrae);moisevaolima,motievaolima(NiueandTonga);udelrangebei(Palau);rehnwai(Pohnpei);vaolimamatafao,vaolimapapalagi(Samoa)PoaceaegrassPaspalumdilatatumEnglish:paspalum,dallisgrass,watergrass;French:paspalumdilaté,herbesirop,herbedemiel,herbededallis,milletbtard;Other:hikunua(Niue)PoaceaegrassPaspalumorbiculareEnglish:ricegrass;creepingpaspalum,ditchmillet,Indianpaspalum,kodomillet,watercouch;Spanish:mijokoda;Other:mātā(CookIslands);codurulevu,thondurulevu,thondina,thonindina(Fiji);karasi(SolomonIslands)PoaceaegrassPaspalumpaniculatumEnglish:Russellrivergrass,galmarragrass;Other:matiemanutai(CookIslands);taravao'uru'uru(CookIslands(Mangaia))PoaceaegrassPaspalumurvilleiEnglish:Vaseygrass;French:herbedeVasey,paspalumd'Urville;Other:tinikarāti(CookIslands(Mangaia))PoaceaegrassPassifloraedulisEnglish:passionfruit,yellowpassionfruit,purplepassionfruit,qarandila,purplegranadilla;French:grenadille;Spanish:maracuya(GalapagosIs.
);Other:pārapōutinipapa'ā(CookIslands);ka'atenepapa'ā,katingapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));liliko'i(Hawai'i),pompom(Pohnpei);pasio(Samoa);vaine(Tonga)PassifloraceaevinePassifloralaurifoliaEnglish:yellowgranadilla,belleapple,yellowwater-lemon;French:pomme-liane,pommed'or;Other:pasiovao(Samoa);vaine'aekuma(Tonga)Passifloraceaevine*PassifloraligularisEnglish:sweetgranadilla,yellowpassionfruit;French:granadille,grenadilledouce,barbadine;French:granadille,grenadilledouce,barbadine;Other:lemiwai,laniwai,lemona(Hawai'i)PassifloraceaevinePassifloramaliformisEnglish:hard-shelledpassionfruit,sweetcalabash,sweetcup;French:pommecalabas;Other:pārapōutini'enua,pārapōutiniMaori(CookIslands);ka'ateneMaori,katingaMaori(CookIslands(Mangaia));pasio(Samoa),vainekai(Tonga)Passifloraceaevine*PassifloraquadrangularisEnglish:granadilla,giantgranadilla;French:barbadine;Spanish:badea(GalapagosIs.
);Other:papatini,pārapōtini,pārapōtinimaata(CookIslands);kūkuma(CookIslands('Atiu));maratini(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Miti'aro));parapautini(FrenchPolynesia);palasini,palatini,vinefualalahi,vinepalasini,tinitini(Niue);kudamono(Palau);pasio(Samoa);pasione(Tonga)PassifloraceaevinePassiflorarubraEnglish:redpassionfruit,Dutchman'slaudanum;Other:pōkutekute(CookIslands('Atiu))PassifloraceaevinePinuscaribaeaEnglish:Caribbeanpine,Bahamaspine;Other:painapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));paina(Samoa);paini(Tonga)Pinaceaetree*PlatyceriumbifurcatumEnglish:elkhornfern,staghornfernSelaginellaceaefernPlucheaindicaEnglish:Indianfleabane,Indianpluchea,IndiancamphorweedAsteraceaeshrubPuerariaphaseoloidesEnglish:tropicalkudzu,puero;Other:kūkū(CookIslands('Aitu))Fabaceaevine*PyrostegiavenustaEnglish:flamevine,flameflower,goldenshower,orangetrumpetvineBignoniaceaevineQuisqualisindicaEnglish:RangooncreeperCombretaceaevineRicinuscommunisEnglish:castorbean,castor-oilplant;French:ricin;Spanish:higuerilla;Other:lamapalagi,lamapapalagi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tuituipapa'ā(CookIslands);mbelenivavalagi,totonivavalagi,utouto(Fiji);agaliya(Guam);koli,pa'aila,ka'apeha,kamakou,la'au,'aila(Hawai'i);tuitui,tuituifuaikiiki(Niue);gelug,maskerekur,uluchulaskoki(Palau);lepo,lepohina(Tonga)EuphorbiaceaeshrubRuelliaprostrataEnglish:blackweed,bellweed;Other:vaouli(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tītā'aruru(CookIslands(Miti'aro));vaoelefane(Samoa)Acanthaceaeherb*SamaneasamanEnglish:monkeypod,raintree,saman;French:arbredepluie;Other:tronkonmames,trongkon-mames(CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands-Chamorro);filinganga(CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands-Carolinian);gumornispanis(Yap);'ohai,pu'ohai(Hawai'i);vaivainivavalangi,vaivainivavalagi(Fiji),malapa(Samoa);kasia(Tonga)Fabaceaetree55ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitSambucusmexicanaEnglish:elderberry,MexicanelderCaprifoliaceaesmalltree*SanchezianobilisEnglish:sanchezia.
AcanthaceaeshrubSancheziaparvibracteataEnglish:sancheziaAcanthaceaeshrubSansevieriatrifasciataEnglish:bowstringhemp,mother-in-law'stongue;French:chanvred'Afrique;Other:riri(CookIslands);tigre(Guam),kitelel(Palau)Agavaceaeherb*SennaalataEnglish:candlebush;candelabrabush,Romancandletree,emperor'scandlesticks,ringwormbush(Australia),alcapulco;French:episd'or,boisdartre,dartres;Other:fa'ilafa,la'aufailafa(AmericanSamoa,SamoaandTonga);arakak(Chuuk);mbainithangi(Fiji);akapuku,andadose,candalaria,take-biha(Guam);mulamula(Niue);kerulabesokel,yult(Palau);rakauhonuki,truke-n-kili-n-wai,tuhkehnkilinwai,tirakahonuki(Pohnpei);bakauplant(SolomonIslands);te'elango(Tonga);flay-n-sabouw(Yap)Fabaceaeshrub*SennasiameaEnglish:cassodtree,kassodtree,Siamesecassia,pheasantwood,Thailandshower;French:boisperdrix;Other:kasia(Tonga)FabaceaetreeSennatoraEnglish:foetidcassia,stinkingcassia,Java-bean,sicklesenna,sicklepod,Chinesesenna,peanutweed,sicklesenna;French:cassiersauvage,poispuant,séné;Other:vaopinati(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kaumoce,kaumothe,pini,tarota(Fiji);mumutunadmelon,mumutunpalaoan,amot-tumagacarabao(Guam),te'epulu,tengafefeka(Tonga)Fabaceaeshrub*SesbaniagrandifloraEnglish:sesbania,hummingbirdtree,sesban,scarletwisteriatree,corkwoodtree;French:agatiagrandesfleurs;Other:agati,agathi(Fiji);oufai,ofai,ouai(FrenchPolynesia);katurai(Guam);ohaike'oke'o(Hawai'i);sepania(Samoa)FabaceaesmalltreeSetariapumilaEnglish:foxtail,gardenbristlegrass,hairy-tailgrass,yellowbristlegrass,Queenslandpigeongrass(Australia),cat'stailgrass(Fiji);French:sétaireglauquePoaceaegrass*SolandramaximaEnglish:goldencup,cupofgold,chalicevine;Spanish:copadeoroSolanaceaelianaSolanummauritianumEnglish:bugweed,wildtobacco,treetobacco;Other:rau'ava'ava(CookIslands);puananahonua(Hawai'i);pula(Tonga)SolanaceaeshrubSporobolusindicusEnglish:smutgrass,wiregrass,Indiandropseed;Other:fisihina(Tonga)PoaceaegrassStenotaphrumsecundatumEnglish:buffalograss,St.
Augustinegrass;French:chiendentdeboeuf;Spanish:pastoSanAugustín;Other:'aki'akihaole,mānienie'aki'aki,mānienie'aki'akihaole,mānieniemāhikihiki(Hawai'i)PoaceaegrassStylosanthesguianensisEnglish:stylo,Brazilianlucerne,tropicallucerne,Nigerianstylo;Other:maukupuakatoro(CookIslands('Atiu))FabaceaeherbSyzygiumjambosEnglish:malabarplum,roseapple,Malayapple;French:jambosier,pomme-rose,pommierrose;Spanish:pomarosa;Other:ka'ikapapa'ā(CookIslandsexceptMa'uke),ka'ikatakataka(CookIslands);ka'ikavarani(CookIslands(Mangaia));ka'ika(CookIslands('Atiu));kavika,kavikanivavalangi,kavikaniIndia(Fiji),ahi'apapa'a,ahi'apopa'a(FrenchPolynesia),'ohi'aloke(Hawai'i);iouenwai,youenwai,apelenwai(Pohnpei);seaseapapalagi(Samoa);fekikapapalangi(Tonga)Myrtaceaetree*TabebuiaheterophyllaEnglish:pinktecoma,pinktrumpettree,whitecedar;Other:calicedupapeBignoniaceaetreeThevetiaperuvianaEnglish:yellowoleander,be-stilltree,luckynut;French:oléandrejaune;Other:koneta(Chuuk);venevene(CookIslands(Mangaia)),'enere(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Miti'aro));nohomalie(Hawai'i);irelepsech(Yap)Apocynaceaesmalltree*ThunbergiaalataEnglish:black-eyedsusanvine;French:suzanneauxyeuxnoirsAcanthaceaevineThunbergiafragransEnglish:whitelady,whitethunbergia,sweetclock-vine;Other:fuehina(Tonga)AcanthaceaevineThunbergiagrandifloraEnglish:Bengaltrumpet,bluetrumpetvine,clockvine,skyvine,large-flowerdthunbergia;Other:bungel'letiu(Palau)AcanthaceaevineThunbergialaurifoliaEnglish:purpleallamanda,laurel-leavedthunbergia,laurelclockvineAcanthaceaevineTithoniadiversifoliaEnglish:treemarigold,shrubsunflower,Mexicansunflower,Japanesesunflower;Other:puarenga(CookIslands);tiarerengarenga(CookIslands(Aitutaki));kavakava,puarenga(CookIslands(Ma'uke));matala(Niue)Asteraceaeshrub*ToonaciliataEnglish:Australianredcedar,toon,surian,Indianmahogany;Other:woodpikake(Hawai'i);tuna(Samoa);,sitakula(Tonga)MeliaceaetreeTradescantiaspathaceaEnglish:oysterplant,boatplant,boatlily,mosesinaboat;Other:ririmangio(CookIslands(Ma'uke));ririraei(CookIslands(Miti'aro));talotalo,laupapaki(Niue);fainakula(Tonga)Commelinaceaeherb56ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitTradescantiazebrinaEnglish:wanderingzebrina,wanderingjew,inchplant;Other:maukupapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia))CommelinaceaeherbTriumfettarhomboideaEnglish:Chineseburr,paroquetburr,burrbush;Other:manutofu,mautofu,mautofuvao(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);vavaitaratītā(CookIslands);piripiri(CookIslands(Aitutaki));qatima(Fiji),urio(FrenchPolynesia);dadangsi,masiksiklahe(Guam);mosipo(Niue);mo'osipo(Tonga)TiliaceaeshrubTriumfettasemitrilobaEnglish:Sacramentobur;Other:dadangsi,masiksiklahe(Guam)TiliaceaeshrubUrenalobataEnglish:hibiscusburr,aramina,caesarweed,pinkChineseburr,urenaburr,burmallow;French:juteafricain,cousinurène;Other:mautofu(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);nognuk,ocher(Chuuk);qatima,gataya,nggatima(Fiji);vavaitaratītā(CookIslands(Ma'uke));piripiri(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);dadangsi,dadangsiapaka,dadangsimachingat,dádangse(Guam);motipo,mosipo(Niue);chosuchedekui,osuchedarechui(Palau);karap,korop(Pohnpei);mo'osipoTonga(Tonga)MalvaceaeshrubUrochloamuticaEnglish:Californiagrass,paragrass,buffalograss,Mauritiusgrass,signalgrass;French:herbedePara;Other:maukupuakatoro(CookIslands);puakatau(Tonga)(Swarbrick,1997)PoaceaegrassUrochloasubquadriparaEnglish:brachiaria,greensummergrass,tropicalsignalgrass,corigrassPoaceaegrass*Onlyseenorreportedtobeincultivation57Table4.
Nativespecies(orPolynesianintroductions)thatcanexhibitaggressivebehaviorScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitCasuarinaequisetifoliaEnglish:casuarina,ironwood,Australianpine,she-oak,horsetailtree,beefwood;French:arbedefer;Spanish:arboldehierro;Other:toa(AmericanSamoa,CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia,Hawai'i,Niue,SamoaandTonga);weeku(Chuuk);nokonoko,nokonokondamu,nggaro,thau,velau,nakure,qaro(Fiji);'aito(FrenchPolynesia(SocietyIslands));gagu,gago(Guam,CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands);weighu(CommonwealthoftheNorthernMarianaIslands-Carolinian);pientri(pinetree),nidil,bukam(bluegumonsomeatolls),nid(needle"onsomeatolls)burukam(Kiribati);mejinoki(MarshallIslands);agas,agasu,ngas,ngasu(Palau);ueuhir(Satawal);neokuk,ueoku,ueokuk(Satawan);lach(Ulithi);laash(Woleai);noc,nach(Yap);tekaturina(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)CasuarinaceaetreeChrysopogonaciculatusEnglish:Mackie'spest,lovegrass,seedgrass,goldenbeardgrass,seedygrass(SolomonIslands);French:herbeplate,herbeàpiquant;Other:matie'enua,maukuko'eko'e(CookIslands);tuakura(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));papapa(FrenchPolynesia);inifuk,palaii(Guam);manienie'ula,pi'ipi'i,pilipili'ula(Hawai'i);mosiefisi(Niue);iul(Palau);mutiatai,mutiavao(Samoa);matapekepeke,matapekapekamatapekepeka(Tonga);herbeplate(Vanuatu)PoaceaegrassMerremiapeltataEnglish:merremia;Other:fuevae(AmericanSamoa),fuelautetele(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);fidau,fitau,fitaw,fitay(Chuuk);kūrima(CookIslands('Atiu));wambula,wabula,wadamu,wandamu,viliyawa,wiliviwa,veliyana,wiliao(Fiji);pohue(FrenchPolynesia);lagon,lagoun,lagun(Guam);pala,pul,para,puhlah(Kosrae);fue,fuevao,fuekula(Niue);kebeas(Palau);ceul,lohl,iol,yol,yool(Pohnpei);abui,grobihi,arosumou(SolomonIslands);fuemea(Tonga);wachathal(Yap)ConvolvulaceaevineTremaorientalisEnglish:charcoaltree,gunpowdertree;Other:agaunai,banahl,talamama(CNMI);elodechoel(Palau);uanin(Yap);ndrou,ndroundrou,ndrikanaithembe(Fiji);aere(FrenchPolynesia),mangele,manele,magele(Niue,Samoa,Tonga)Ulmaceaetree58Appendix2.
Otherinvasiveplantspecies,mostlyruderalweedsorofagriculturalconcern,seenorreportedtobepresentintheCookIslandsAbutilonindicumAcalyphalanceolataAchyranthesasperaAgaveamericanaAgeratumconyzoidesAlternantherasessilisAlysicarpusvaginalisAmaranthusspinosusAmaranthusviridisAnnonareticulataAsclepiascurassavicaBidenspilosaBixaorellanaBrugmansiasuaveolensCaladiumbicolorCatharanthusroseusCelosiaargenteaCentellaasiaticaChamaesycehirtaChamaesycehypericifoliaChamaesyceprostrataChlorisdivaricataChlorisgayanaCleomeviscosaCoixlacryma-jobiConyzabonariensisConyzacanadensisCoronopusdidymusCrotalariapallidaCrotalariaretusaCrotalariaverrucosaCyathulaprostrataCyperuscompressusCyperuscyperinusCyperuscyperoidesCyperusdifformisCyrtococcumoxyphyllumCyrtococcumtrigonumDactylocteniumaegyptiumDaturametelDesmodiumgangeticumDesmodiumheterocarponDesmodiumheterophyllumDesmodiumincanumDesmodiumscorpiurusDesmodiumtriflorumDesmodiumuncinatumDigitariafuscescensEchinochloacolonaEcliptaprostrataElephantopismollisEleutherantheraruderalisEmiliasonchifoliaEragrostisamabilisEragrostistenuifoliaErechtitesvalerianifoliaEriochloaproceraEuphorbiacyathophoraFoeniculumvulgareGloriosasuperbaGomphrenaglobosaImpatienswallerianaIpomoeaalbaIpomoeaobscuraJasminumsambacJussiaeasuffruticosaJusticiabetonicaLepidiumvirginicumLuffaaegyptiacaLycopersiconesculentumMacroptiliumlathyroidesMalvastrumcoromandelianumMerremiaumbellataNelumbonuciferaOldenlandiacorymbosaOplismenushirtellusOrthosiphonaristatusOxalisdebilisPeperomiapellucidaPhyllanthusamarusPhyllanthusdebilisPhyllanthustenellusPhyllanthusurinariaPhyllanthusvirgatusPhysalisangulataPhysalisperuvianaPhytolaccaoctandraPileamicrophyllaPlantagolanceolataPlantagomajorPolygalapaniculataPortulacaoleraceaPseudelephantopusspicatusSalviacoccineaSalviaoccidentalisSennaoccidentalisSidaacutaSidarhombifoliaSigesbeckiaorientalisSolanumamericanumSonchusoleraceusSorghumbicolorSpermacoceassurgensSporoboluspyramidatusStenotaphrumsecundatumStictocardiatiliifoliaSynedrellanodifloraTaraxacumofficinaleTridaxprocumbensUrochloaglumarisUrochloareptansVernoniacinereaXanthiumstrumariumYoungiajaponicaZiziphusjujubaSources:CookIslandsNaturalHeritageProject,Swarbrick(1997),Waterhouse(1997),BillSykes(pers.
com.
)59Appendix3.
InvasivespeciespresentinAmericanSamoa,Fiji,FrenchPolynesia,Hawai'i,SamoaorTongabutnotpresentintheCookIslandsSpeciespresent:.
ScientificNameFijiAmericanSamoaSamoaTongaHawai'iFrenchPolynesiaAcaciaconfusaAcaciamelanoxylonAcaciaspp.
AgavesisalanaAilanthusaltissimaAlbiziachinensisAlstoniamacrophyllaAndropogonglomeratusAndropogonvirginicusArgyreianervosaArthrostemmaciliatumAsystasiagangeticaBarlerialupulinaBocconiafrutescensBoerhaviacoccineaBuddlejaasiaticaBuddlejadavidiiBuddlejamadagascariensisCaesalpiniadecapetalaCalliandracalothyrsusCalotropisproceraCastillaelasticaCasuarinaglaucaCecropiapeltataCenchrusciliarisChamaecristanictitansChlorisradiataChrysobalanusicacoChrysophyllumoliviformeCinchonapubescensCinnamomumburmanniiCirsiumvulgareCitharexylumcaudatumCitharexylumspinosumClausenaexcavataClerodendrumjaponicumClerodendrumpaniculatumClerodendrumquadriloculareClidemiahirtaClusiaroseaCocciniagrandisConocarpuserectusCordiaalliodora60ScientificNameFijiAmericanSamoaSamoaTongaHawai'iFrenchPolynesiaCordiaglabraCortaderiajubataCorynocarpuslaevigatusCryptostegiagrandifloraCupaniopsisanacardioidesCyatheacooperiDelaireaodorataDesmanthuspernambucanusDesmodiumnicaraguenseDigitariainsularisDilleniasuffruticosaElaeocarpusangustifoliusFicusbenghalensisFicusmicrocarpaFicusnotaFicusrubiginosaFlindersiabrayleyanaFuntumiaelasticaHaematoxylumcampechianumHeliocarpuspopayanensisHeterocentronsubtriplinerviumHeveabrasiliensisHiptagebenghalensisHydrillaverticillataHyparrheniarufaHypochoerisradicataHyptiscapitataHyptissuaveolensImperatacylindricaIschaemumrugosumIschaemumtimorenseJasminumfluminenseJatrophagossypiifoliaJuncusspp.
KunzeaericoidesKyllingapolyphyllaLemnaspp.
LeonotisnepetifoliaLigustrumspp.
LophostemonconfertusLudwigiaperuvianaMaesopsiseminiiMedinillamagnificaMedinillavenosaMelaleucaquinquenerviaMelastomacandidumMelastomasanguineumMelinisminutifloraMelochiaumbellataMiconiacalvescensMicrolaenastipoides61ScientificNameFijiAmericanSamoaSamoaTongaHawai'iFrenchPolynesiaMikaniascandensMontanoahibiscifoliaMorellafayaMucunapruriensMyriophyllumaquaticumNajasspp.
NeonotoniawightiiOchnaserrulataOchnathomasianaOchromapyramidaleOleaeuropaeaOxysporapaniculataPaederiafoetidaPanicumrepensParkinsoniaaculeataPaspalumfimbriatumPassifloracaeruleaPassiflorapulchellaPassiflorasuberosaPassifloratarminianaPennisetumclandestinumPennisetumpolystachionPhiladelphuskarwinskyanusPhormiumtenaxPimentadioicaPiperaduncumPiperauritumPithecellobiumdulcePittosporumpentandrumPittosporumtobiraPittosporumundulatumPittosporupviridiflorumPlectranthusamboinicusProsopisspp.
PsidiumguineensePuerariamontanavar.
lobataRhodomyrtustomentosaRhynchosporacaducaRivinahumilisRubusmoluccanusRubusrosifoliusRubusspp.
RuelliabrevifoliaSaccharumspontaneumSalviniamolestaScheffleraarboricolaSchinusmolleSchinusterebinthifoliusSchizachyriumcondensatumSennaobtusifoliaSennaseptemtrionalis62ScientificNameFijiAmericanSamoaSamoaTongaHawai'iFrenchPolynesiaSolanumseaforthianumSolanumtorvumSorghumhalepenseSporoboluselongatusSyncarpiaglomuliferaTerminaliamyriocarpaTetrazygiabicolorTibouchinaherbaceaTribulusterrestrisTriphasiatrifoliaTriplarisweigeltianaTurneraulmifoliaUlexeuropaeusVitexparvifloraWaterhousiafloribundaZantedeschiaaethiopicaZiziphusmauritianaPresenceinAmericanSamoa,SamoaandTongadeterminedbysurvey,otherlocationsasreportedintheliterature.
63Appendix4.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonRarotongaScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitAbelmoschusmoschatusEnglish:fautia,muskmallow,muskokra;French:ambrette,gombomusqué,ketmiemusquée,grainedemusc;Other:'autetoga,fautagaloa,fuasamasama(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);karereon,karereonnikapweriknik,kareron,likonokon(Chuuk);vavaitara(CookIslands);ta'uri'au(CookIslands(Mangaia));wakiwaki,wakewake,wakeke,vakeke,aukiki,okeoke,o'e'e(Fiji);kamang,ka'mang(Guam);fouingo(Niue),gongul(Palau);metei,mety,methey(Pohnpei);loa,fau'ingo(Tonga);fauingo(WallisandFutuna);hathongethong,kamwayang,nikapwerik,setmwechin,sotumo(Yap)MalvaceaeherbAcaciaauriculiformisEnglish:Papuanwattle,auri,earleafacacia,northernblackwattle,ear-podwattle;Other:ākasia(CookIslands);tuhkehnpwelmwahu(Pohnpei)FabaceaetreeAcaciafarnesianaEnglish:Ellingtoncurse,klu,sweetacacia;French:acaciajaune,cassie;Other:titima(CookIslands);vaivaivaka-vatona,vaivaivakavotona,banbaburi,oki(Fiji);aroma,popinac,kandaroma(Guam,CNMI);kolu(Hawai'i);tekaibakoa(Kiribati);debena(Nauru)FabaceaeshrubAcaciamangiumEnglish:mangium,brownsalwood,blackwattle,hickorywattle;Other:ākasia(CookIslands);tuhkehnpwelmwahu(Pohnpei)Fabaceaetree*AcaciamearnsiiEnglish:blackwattle;French:acacianoir;Other:ākasia(CookIslands)FabaceaetreeAdenantherapavoninaEnglish:coralbeantree,redsandalwoodtree,redbeadtree,lopa,beadtree,falsewiliwili,peacockflower-fence,Polynesianpeanut;French:boisdecondori;Other:lopa(AmericanSamoa,FenchPolynesia,SamoaandTonga);matakōviriviri(CookIslands);kōviriviri,tavara(CookIslands(Mangaia));pitipiti'ō(CookIslands('Atiu));lera,lerendamu,vaivai,vaivainivavalangi(Fiji),pomea(Fiji,Niue),la'aupaina,pitipitio(FrenchPolynesia);colales,culalis,kolales,kulales,kulalis(Guam,CNMI);hua'ula'ula(Hawai'i);(metekam,metkam,metkem,mwetkwem(Kosrae);telengtúngd,telentundalel(Palau);kaikes(Pohnpei)FabaceaetreeAlbizialebbeckEnglish:siris-tree,raintree,EastIndianwalnut,kokko,woman's-tonguetree,soros-tree,raomtree;French:boisnoir;Other:'arapitia(CookIslands(Miti'aro));trongkon-mames,tronkonmames,mamis(Guam);kalaskas,trongkon-kalaskas(CNMI–Chamorro);schepilkalaskas(CNMI–Carolinian);ukallrangebard(Palau);gumorningabchey;ngumorrningobchey(Yap);'ohai(Hawai'i);vaivai,vaivainivavalangi,vaivainivavalagi(Fiji);tamaligipa'epa'e(Samoa);kasia(Tonga)FabaceaetreeAleuritesmoluccanaEnglish:candlenut,Indianwalnut;French:bancoulier,bancoulier,noyerdebancoul,noyerdesMoluques;Other:lumbang(Guam),raguar(CarolineIslands);sakan,shakan(Pohnpei);lama(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kukui(Hawai'i);tuitui(CookIslands,Niue,Tonga),'ama(Marquesas);lauci,lauthe,lauthi,toto,tuitui,tutui,waiwai,sekeci,sikethi,sikeli,nggerenggere(Fiji);tahiitiairi,ti'a'iri,tutui,tahiri(FrenchPolynesia)Euphorbiaceaetree*AllamandacatharticaEnglish:yellowtrumpetvine,goldentrumpet,allamanda,brownbudallamanda,goldenallamanda,goldencup;French:monettejaune,li'anes'aime;Other:puataunofo(AmericanSamoaandSamoa),tiarerengarenga,pua(CookIslands);lani-ali'i(Hawai'i)Apocynaceaeshrub*AlpiniapurpurataEnglish:redginger;Other:kōpīmuramura(CookIslands);thevunga(Fiji);'awapuhi'ula'ula(Hawai'i);teuila(Samoa);tevunga(Tonga)Zingiberaceaeherb*AnnonaglabraEnglish:pondapple,alligatorapple,bullock'sheart,cherimoyer;French:annonedesmarais,corossolierdesmarais;Other:utonimbulumakau,utonibulumakau,kaitambo,kaitambu(Fiji)Annonaceaetree*AnnonamuricataEnglish:soursop,pricklycustardapple;French:corossolier,cacheimantierépineux,cachimanépineux,corossolépineux;Other:kātara'apa(CookIslands);kātara'apapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));naponapotaratara(CookIslands(Aitutaki));saasaf,sasaf(Chuuk);tapotapopapaa(FrenchPolynesia);laguana,laguaná,laguanaha,laguanaba,labuanaha(Guam);sosap(Kosrae);jojaab(MarshallIslands);syasyap(NorthernMarianaIslands),talapofotofoto(Niue),sausab(Palau);sei,sae,trukashai(Pohnpei);sasalapa(Samoa);'apele'initia(Tonga);sausau(Yap)Annonaceaetree64ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabit*AnnonasquamosaEnglish:sugarapple,sweetsop,custardapple,sugarapple;French:annoneécailleuse,pomme-canelle;Other:tapotapo(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);tapotapoMāori(CookIslands);kātara'apaMāori(CookIslands(Mangaia));naponapoMāori(CookIslands(Aitutaki));atis,ates(Guam);ngelrangebard(Palau),'apelepapalangi,'apeleTonga(Tonga),nameana(Tuvalu)AnnonaceaetreeAnrederacordifoliaEnglish:Madeiravine,mignonettevine,lamb'stails;Other:tāpau(CookIslands('Atiu));'ualahupe(Hawai'i);filikafa(Niue)Basellaceaevine*AntigononleptopusEnglish:Mexicancreeper,mountainrose,Confederatevine,chain-of-love,heartsonachain,love-vine,coralbells,coralvine,queen'sjewels,kadenadeamor,corallita;Other:dilngau(Palau);rohsapoak(Pohnpei)Polygonaceaevine*ArdisiacrenataEnglish:hen'seyes,Hiloholly,coralberry,Australianholly,scratchthroat;French:arbreànolMyrsinaceaeshrubArdisiaellipticaEnglish:shoebuttonardisia;Other:venevenetinitō(CookIslands);atipopa'a,atiu(FrenchPolynesia);togovao(Samoa)MyrsinaceaeshrubArundodonaxEnglish:giantreed,Spanishreed,wildcane;French:cannedeProvence,grandroseau;Other:ngasaunivavalangi(Fiji);fisopalagi,fisopapalagi(Samoa);kahofolalahi(Tonga)Poaceaegrass*AsparagusdensiflorusEnglish:asparagusfern,sprengerifern,smilax,regalfernLiliaceaeherb*AsparagussetaceusEnglish:ornamentalasparagus,climbingasparagusfern,plumosa;French:aspergeplumeuse;Other:remu(CookIslands);taupo'ou(Tonga)LiliaceaevineAxonopuscompressusEnglish:blanketgrass,carpetgrass;Other:kambutunivavalangi(Fiji)PoaceaegrassAxonopusfissifoliusEnglish:carataograss,narrow-leavedcarpetgrassPoaceaegrass*AzadirachtaindicaEnglish:neem,nim,margosaMeliaceaetreeAzollafiliculoidesEnglish:mosquitofernAzollaceaefernBambusavulgarisEnglish:bamboo;French:bambou;Other:iich(Chuuk);ko'epapa'ā(CookIslands);bitu(Fiji);'ohe(FrenchPolynesia,Hawai'i);'ofe(FrenchPolynesia,Samoa),pi'ao,pi'aopalaoan(GuamandNorthernMarianas-Chamorro);bwai(GuamandNorthernMarianas-Carolinian);bambu(Kosrae);tekaibaba(Kiribati);bae,koba(MarshallIslands);kahopalangi(Niue);pehriensapahn(Pohnpei);bambuu(Palau);'ofeFiti,'ofepapalagi(Samoa);kofe(Tonga,Tuvalu);pitu(Tonga);pampu(Tuvalu);moor(Yap)PoaceaetreeBauhiniamonandraEnglish:orchid-tree,St.
Thomas-tree,Napoleon'splume;flamboyant(Pohnpei),floresmariposa(CNMI);mariposa(Guam);pinkbutterflytree(Fiji);Other:vaepovi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pine(CookIslands(Rarotonga),FrenchPolynesia);pīpī(CookIslands(Aitu));pī(CookIslands(Ma'ukeandMiti'aro));pinefualoloa(Niue)Fabaceaetree*BauhiniapurpureaEnglish:purpleorchidtree;purplebutterflytree,pinkbutterflytree(Fiji);French:fleurspourpresFabaceaetree*BauhiniavariegataEnglish:orchidtree;mountainebony,butterflytree(Fiji);French:boisdeboeuf,sabotboeuf,arbredeSaint-ThomasFabaceaetree*BryophyllumdelagoenseEnglish:chandelierplantCrassulaceaeherb*BryophyllumpinnatumEnglish:lifeplant,airplant,resurrectionplant,Canterburybells,cathedralbells,Mexicanloveplant;Spanish:hojadelaire;Other:ngāngā'eretoka(CookIslands);bulatawamudu(Fiji);'oliwakukahakai(Hawai'i);teang(Kiribati);kibilia(MarshallIslands);tupuhelau,tupunoa(Niue);pagi(Samoa);pipivao(Tonga)CrassulaceaeherbCalliandrahaematocephalaEnglish:redpowderpuff;French:pomponFabaceaeshrub*CalliandrasurinamensisEnglish:SurinamesestickpeaFabaceaetreeCalopogoniummucunoidesEnglish:calopo;Other:akankan-guakag(Guam)Fabaceaevine*CalotropisgiganteaEnglish:calotrope,crownflower,madar;French:mercurevégétal,mudar;Other:pua-kalaunu(Hawai'i);tahinu(FrenchPolynesia)Ascelepiadaceaeshrub65ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitCanangaodorataEnglish:perfumetree;French:canangodorant;Other:moso'oi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pwanang,pwuur,pwalang(Chuuk);ylang-ylang,lengileng;(CNMI);mata'oi,mato'oi,moto'oi,(CookIslands,Niue,Tahiti);makasoi,makosoi,makusui,mokohoi,mokosoi(Fiji);moto'i(FrenchPolynesia);ilang-ilang,alang-ilang(Guam,Philippines);lanalana(Hawai'i);ilanlang,ilahnglahng(Kosrae);ilanilan,ilala(MarshallIslands);motoi(Niue);chiráng,irang(Palau);pur-n-wai,pwurenwai,sair-n-wai,seirinwai,seirenwai(Pohnpei);mohoki,mohokoi(Tonga)AnnonaceaetreeCardiospermumgrandiflorumEnglish:balloonvine;heartseed;Other:kopūpūtakaviri(CookIslands)Sapindaceaevine*CarludovicapalmataEnglish:Panamahatplant;French:carludoviquepalmée;Spanish:chidra,palmadesombrero,palmajipijapa,toquilla;Other:Panamā(CookIslands)CyclanthaceaeshrubCecropiaobtusifoliaEnglish:trumpettree,guarumo;Other:rau-māniota(CookIslands)Cecropiaceaetree*CedrelaodorataEnglish:cigarboxcedar,Mexicancedar,WestIndiancedar,Spanishcedar,Barbadoscedar;French:cèdreacajou,cèdredesbarbares;Spanish:cedrocubano(GalapagosIs.
);Other:sitahina(Tonga)MeliaceaetreeCeibapentandraEnglish:kapok,kapoktree,silk-cottontree,pacae;French:kapokier,capoc,boiscoton;Spanish:ceibo;Other:vavae(AmericanSamoa,Samoa,Niue,Tonga);koton(Chuuk);vavai(CookIslandsandFrenchPolynesia);vavaimama'u,vavaimaori(CookIslands);mama'u(CookIslands(Mangaia,Aitutaki));vauvaunivavalangi,semar(Fiji);algodondeManila,atgodondiManila,algidon,atgidondeManila(Guam);kuhtin,cutin(Kosrae);koatoa,atagodon,bulik,kotin(MarshallIslands);kalngebard,kalngebárd,kerrekarngebard(Palau);cottin,koatun,koatoa(Pohnpei);arughuschel(Saipan),battenigan'ken(Yap);vavaunilokoloko(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)BombacaceaetreeCenchrusechinatusEnglish:burgrass,sand-bur,southernsandbur,MossmanRivergrass(Australia);French:herbeacateaux(Mauritius);Other:tuitui,vaotuitui(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);piripiri(CookIslands);pārango(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));sembulabula(Fiji);piri-piri,pipiri(FrenchPolynesia);mau'ukuku,'ume'alu(Hawai'i);teanti,tekateketeke(Kiribati);cram-cram(NewCaledonia);motievihilago,mosievihilango(Niue);lklk,klklk,lellik,lekelik,liklik,karmwijmwij,karumwij(MarshallIslands);cauit-cauitan(Philippines);hefa(Tonga)PoaceaegrassCentrosemapubescensEnglish:centro,butterfly-pea;French:fleur-languette,poisbtard;Other:piriarero(CookIslands(Miti'aro));pinindola(Fiji)FabaceaeherbCestrumdiurnumEnglish:inkberry,dayjessamine,daycestrum,Chinaberry;Other:ariki-va'ine(CookIslands);thauthau(Fiji);tinta'n-China,tentanchinu,tintanChina(Guam,CNMI);makahala(Hawai'i);sugivao,sunivao(Samoa);vaitohi(Tonga)SolanaceaeshrubCestrumnocturnumEnglish:night-floweringcestrum,night-floweringjasmine,queen(orlady)ofthenight;Other:teineolepo,ali'iolepo(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tiareariki-va'ine,ariki-va'ine(CookIslands);thauthau,thauthaunimbongi,kara(Fiji);dama-de-noche(Guam);'alaaumoe,kupaoa,onaonaIapana(Hawai'i);jooulruawa(MarshallIslands);ikihepo(Niue);lakaupo'uli(Tonga)SolanaceaeshrubChlorisbarbataEnglish:swollenfingergrass,purpletopchloris(Australia),airportgrass(Fiji);Other:mau'ulei(Hawai'i)PoaceaegrassCinnamomumverumEnglish:cinnamontree;French:cannelierdeCeylan;Other:ochodrangebard(Palau).
tinamoni,tigamoni(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)LauraceaetreeClerodendrumbuchananiivar.
fallaxEnglish:redclerodendrum,pagoda-flower;Other:rākautupopoku(CookIslands('Atiu));talufe(Niue);lau'awa(Hawai'i);amo'ula,amo'ule(Tonga)VerbenaceaeshrubClerodendrumchinenseEnglish:Honolulurose,stickbush,glorybower;Other:losaHonolulu,losaOnolulu(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pītatemāma'o,tiaretupapaku(CookIslands);pikakehohono,pikakewauke(Hawai'i)VerbenaceaeshrubClitoriaternateaEnglish:butterflypea,Asianpigeonwings;French:honte;Other:buikike,bukike,paokeke,bukikepaokeke,capadelareina,kapadelaraina(Guam);putitainubia(CNMI);pepe(Niue);latoela,nawa(Fiji),paipa(Tonga)FabaceaevineCoffeaarabicaEnglish:coffee;French:café,caféierd'Arabie;Spanish:café,cafeto;Other:kaope,kaopeMaori(CookIslands);kove(Fiji);kofe(Fiji,Niue,Samoa),kofi(Tonga);kafe(Marquesas);taofe(Tahiti)Rubiaceaetree66ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitCommelinadiffusaEnglish:commelina,dayflower,wanderingJew,spiderwort;Spanish:chiriyuyo;Other:mauku-vai,mauku'oro'enua,maukupuakatoro(CookIslands);semprebiban-damalong(Guam);honohono(Hawai'i);mau'utoga,mau'uTonga(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);mohukuvai,musiematalapulu(Tonga);airorongi,airongorongo,airogorogo,cobulabula,rongomatailevu,thombulambula,matembulambula,drano,duludauwere,ndrano,ndulandauwere,luna,thonggalonggalo(Fiji),ma'apape(FrenchPolynesia)Commelinaceaeherb*CortaderiaselloanaEnglish:pampasgrass,silverpampasgrass,UruguayanpampasgrassPoaceaegrassCostusspeciosusEnglish:crepeginger,crapeginger,wildginger,Malayginger,canereed;Other:isebsab(Palau)Zingiberaceaeherb*CryptostegiamadagascariensisEnglish:MadagascarrubbervineAsclepiadaceaevineCuscutacampestrisEnglish:goldendodder,fielddodder,five-angleddodder;Other:tiaea(CookIslands(Mangaia));navereverelangi,wavereverelangi,walawala,wambosuthu,wandanga,watikaivu,ndithangi(Fiji)ConvolvulaceaevineCynodondactylonEnglish:Bermudagrass,giantBermudagrass,bahamagrass,devil'sgrass,couchgrass,Indiandoab,grama,devilgrass,couchgrass,balamagrass;French:chiendent,petitchiendent,chiendentpied-de-poule;Other:matie(CookIslands);manini,manienie(Hawai'i);motiemolulu(Niue);kambuta,kabuta(Fiji);mosiemolulu(Niue);herbedecouverture(NewCaledonia);pastobermuda,zacatebermuda,gramadulce,gramón,hierbafina,grama-seda,(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)PoaceaegrassCyperusinvolucratusEnglish:umbrellasedge,umbrellaplant,dwarfpapyrusgrass;Other:'ahu'awahaole,pu'uka'ahaole(Hawai'i)CyperaceaesedgeCyperusrotundusEnglish:nutgrass,nutsedge,purplenutsedge,cocograss;French:souchetrond,souchetàtubercules,herbeàoignon;Other:mauku'ōniāni,'ōniāni(CookIslands);soronakambani,soranakambani,soronikabani,ivako,malanga,vucesa,motha,vuthesamotha(Fiji);chaguanhumatag(Guam);kili'o'opu,mau'umokae(Hawai'i);temumute(Kiribati);tuteoneon(MarshallIslands);mumuta(Samoa,Tokelau);pakopako(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeDerrisellipticaEnglish:derris;Other:tuba,bagin(Guam);oop,op(Kosrae);dub(Palau);up(Chuuk,Pohnpei);peinuhp,uhp,upanai,upanyap,upkesetik(Pohnpei);yuub(Yap);nduva,duvanivavalagi,nduvanivavalangi(Fiji)FabaceaevineDerrismalaccensisEnglish:NewGuineacreeper;Other:'avaniukini(AmericanSamoa);'orapāpua,rakaupapua(CookIslands);nduva,tuva,nduvaniniukini(Fiji);horapapua(FrenchPolynesia);akauniukini(Niue);fuefa'i'ava(Samoa);kavafisi(Tonga)Fabaceaevine*DieffenbachiaseguineEnglish:dieffenbachia,dumbcane;Other:yalunivavalagi(Fiji)AraceaeherbDigitariaciliarisEnglish:Henry'scrabgrass,smoothcrabgrass,tropicalcrabgrass,largecrabgrass,southerncrabgrass,fingergrass,summergrass;French:digitaireciliée;Other:kukaepua'a(Hawai'i);Saulangi(Niue)PoaceaegrassDigitariaviolascensEnglish:smoothcrabgrass,violetcrabgrass;Other:sau(Palau)PoaceaegrassDissotisrotundifoliaEnglish:dissotis,Spanishshawl,pinkladyMelastomataceaeherb*DurantaerectaEnglish:duranta,goldendewdrop,pigeon-berry,sky-flower;Other:'olive(Tonga)VerbenaceaeshrubEgeriadensaEnglish:egeria,leafyelodea,densewaterweedHydrocharitaceaeaquaticherbEichhorniacrassipesEnglish:waterhyacinth;French:jacinthed'eau;Other:ririvai(CookIslands(Mangaia));mbekambekairanga,ndambendambeninga,jalkhumbe,bekabekairaga,dabedabenega,jalkhumbe(Fiji);bungelralm(Palau)PontederiaceaeaquaticherbEleusineindicaEnglish:goosegrass,wiregrass,goosefoot,crow'sfoot,bullgrass;French:pieddepoule;Other:fahitalo,lauta'ata'a,ta'ata'a(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);maukumārōki'aki'a(CookIslands);kavoronaisivi,vorovoroisivi,ghoraya(Fiji);tamamau(FrenchPolynesia),umog(Guam);manienieali'i(Hawaii);mahkwekwe(Kosrae);katejukjuk(MarshallIslands);mosiefahitalo(Niue);deskim,keteketarmalk(Palau);rehtakai(Pohnpei);takataka,takataka'aleala,mohukusiamane(Tonga);teuteute(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)Poaceaegrass*ErigeronkarvinskianusEnglish:Mexicandaisy,seasidedaisy,daisyfleabaneAsteraceaeherbEugeniaunifloraEnglish:Surinamcherry,redBrazilcherry;French:cerisiercarré,cerisierdeCayenne;Other:venevene(CookIslands);menemene(CookIslands(Mangaia));kafika,kafikapalangi(Niue),pitanga(Brazil)Myrtaceaeshrub/tree67ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitFalcatariamoluccanaEnglish:Moluccaalbizia;Other:tamaligipalagi(AmericanSamoa);'ārapitia(CookIslands);tuhkekerosene,tuhkehnkarisihn(Pohnpei);ukallrangebard(Palau);tamaligipaepae(Samoa)Fabaceaetree*FicusbenjaminaEnglish:weepingfig,baka,Javafig,weepingfig;Other:'ovavafisi(Tonga)Moraceaetree*FicuselasticaEnglish:Indiarubbertree,rubberplant;Other:rapa(CookIslands);komunokí(Palau);rapah(Pohnpei);gak'iynigoma(Yap)Moraceaetree*FicusmacrophyllaEnglish:MoretonBayfigMoraceaetreeFlacourtiajangomasEnglish:Indian-plum,runeala-plum;French:prunierd'Inde;Spanish:ciruelaforasteraFlacourtiaceaetree*FlacourtiarukamEnglish:Indianplum,Indianprune,governor'splum;French:pruniercafé,prunierdeChine,pruniermalgache;Other:filimoto(Fiji,Futuna,SamoaandAmericanSamoa,Tonga)FlacourtiaceaetreeFlemingiamacrophyllaFabaceaetreeFlemingiastrobiliferaEnglish:luckplant,wildhops;French:sainfoindubengale;Other:besungelaiei(Palau)FabaceaeshrubFurcraeafoetidaEnglish:Mauritiushemp,sisal,maguey,giantcabuya;French:aloèsvert,chanvredeMaurice;Other:piāni,rōpiāni(CookIslands);malina(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau));toua(Niue);faumalila,faumalila(Tonga)Agavaceaesucculent*GliricidiasepiumEnglish:motherofcacao,quickstick,Mexicanlilac;Spanish:madredecacaoFabaceaetreeGmelinaarboreaEnglish:gmelina,whiteteak,whitebeech;Spanish:melina;Other:yemane(Fiji,Philippines)VerbenaceaetreeGomphocarpusphysocarpusEnglish:balloonplant,bladderbushAsclepiadaceaeshrub*GrevilleabanksiiEnglish:kahiliflower,Banksgrevillea;Other:ha'iku,kahili(Hawai'i);'okapua'ula'ula(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau))Proteaceaetree*GrevillearobustaEnglish:silkoak,silkyoak,heoak,silveroak,spiderflower;Other:'okakilika,ha'ikuke'oke'o(Hawai'i),oke'(Tonga)ProteaceaetreeHedychiumcoronariumEnglish:whiteginger,butterflylily,gingerlily,garlandflower;Other:teuilapaepae(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tunun,sinser(Chuuk);kōpīteatea,re'ateatea(CookIslands);ndrove,cevugavula,dalasika(Fiji);thevunga(Fiji,Tonga);'awapuhike'oke'o(Hawai'i);sinterpwetepwet(Pohnpei);tolon(Puluwat)Zingiberaceaeherb*HedychiumflavescensEnglish:yellowginger,creamginger;French:longoze;Other:teuila(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kōpīrengarenga,re'arengarenga(CookIslands);opuhirearea(FrenchPolynesia);'awapuhimelemele(Hawai'i)Zingiberaceaeherb*HedychiumgardnerianumEnglish:kahiliginger;Other:kōpī(CookIslands);cevugadromodromo(Fiji);kahili,'awapuhikahili(Hawai'i);sinterweitahta(Pohnpei)ZingiberaceaeherbHeliconiaspp.
English:heliconia,parrot's-flower,parrot's-plantain,crabclaw,lobsterclaw;Other:tiarepārata'ito(CookIslands)HeliconiaceaeherbHemigraphisalternataEnglish:metalleaf;redivy,cemeteryplant(Fiji);Other:suipi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)AcanthaceaeherbHippobromalongifloraEnglish:starofBethlehem,fetia,madamfate;Other:puahōkū(Hawai'i)Campanulaceaeherb*HylocereusundatusEnglish:night-bloomingcereus,strawberrypear,redpitaya,dragonfruit,pitahaya;French:pitaya,pitahayarouge;Spanish:flordeCaliz;Other:paniniokapunahou,papipipua(Hawai'i)CactaceaesucculentHyptispectinataEnglish:combhyptis,combbushmint,mintweed,purpletop;French:faussementhe;Spanish:poleooiso(Galapagos);Other:miritītā(CookIslands('Atiu));tamoleniveikau,tamolinivavalangi,timothinivavalangi,wavuwavu,ndamoli,bentulsia(Fiji);mumutunlahe,mumutunpalaoan,mumutanademelon(Guam);vaomini(Samoa)LamiaceaeherbIndigoferasuffruticosaEnglish:indigo;Other:'initiko(CookIslands);aniles(Guam);'iniko,inikoa,kolu(Hawai'i);la'aumageso(Samoa);'akauveli(Tonga)FabaceaeshrubIpomoeaaquaticaEnglish:aquaticmorningglory,swampcabbage,waterspinach,ung-choi,kangkong;French:liserond'eau,patateaquatique;Other:aseri,seeri,seri(Chuuk);rukautaviri(CookIslands);otakarisa,otakarisi,wakumala,ndrinikava,luvenetombithi(Fiji),akankong,cancon,kangkun,kangkung,kankan(Guam);tekangkong(Kiribati);lorenzo(Nauru),kangum,kangkum(Palau);'umalavai(Samoa);kangkong(Ulithi,Yap);kangking,kongkong(Yap)Convolvulaceaeaquaticherb*JacarandamimosifoliaEnglish:jacarandaBignoniaceaetree68ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabit*JatrophacurcasEnglish:physicnut,purgingnut,Barbadosnut;French:médicinier,pignond'Inde,purghère;Other:tuituipakarangi,pakarani(CookIslands);fiki(CookIslands,Fiji,Tonga);wiriwiri,wiriwirinivavalangi,utonivavalangi,banidakai,mbanindakai,manggele,maqele,ndrala(Fiji);tuba-tuba(Guam);kuku'ihi(Hawai'i),kuikuiPake(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau),laupata(Samoa)EuphorbiaceaeshrubJusticiacarneaEnglish:pinkplume-flower,pinkjacobiniaAcanthaceaeshrubKyllingabrevifoliaEnglish:greenkyllinga,greenwatersedge;Other:tumu'enua(CookIslands(Ma'uke));kili'o'opu,kaluha,manunene,mau'umokae(Hawai'i);tuise(Samoa);pakopako(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeKyllinganemoralisEnglish:whitekyllinga,whiteheadspikesedge,whitewatersedge;Other:neke'enua(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Ngaputoru));chaguanlemae,botoncillo(Guam—Chamorro);kili'o'opu(Hawai'i),ta'ata'a,ta'ata'avilitaliga,matieupo'o,matieTahiti,mo'uupo'onui,mo'uupo'o,tuise(Samoa);pakopako,pakopako'aekuma(Tahiti);tuise(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeLablabpurpureusEnglish:hyacinthbean,lablab,bonavist,Egyptiankidneybean,dolichos;French:dolique,doliqued'Egypte,poisnourrice;Other:ndralawa,natomba,tomba(Fiji);cheribillaapaka,chuchumeko(Guam--Chamorro);papapa,pi(Hawai'i);pinilaepuaka(Tonga)FabaceaevineLantanacamaraEnglish:lantana;Other:latana(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tātarāmoapapa'ā(CookIslands);tātarāmoa(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);kauboica,kaumboitha,mbonambulumakau,mbonarambulumakau,tokalau,waiwai,lanitana(Fiji);tarataramoa,taratarahamoa(FrenchPolynesia);latoramoa(FrenchPolynesia(Tahiti));lakana,la'aukalakala,lanakana(Ni'ihau),mikinoliahihiu,mikinoliahohono,mikinoliakuku(Hawai'i);rosfonacni(Kosrae);tekaibuaka,tekaibuaja(Kiribati);migiroa(Nauru),landana,rantana,rahndana,tukasuweth(Pohnpei);talatala,talatalatalmoa(Tonga)VerbenaceaeshrubLeonurusjaponicusEnglish:lion'stail,Chinesemotherwort;Other:vavaitara(CookIslands(Miti'aro)Lamiaceaeherb*LeptospermumscopariumEnglish:NewZealandtea;manuka(NewZealand)MyrtaceaetreeLeucaenaleucocephalaEnglish:leucaena,wildtamarind,leadtree;French:grainesdelin,faux-acacia,fauxmimosa(NewCaledonia);Other:lopaSamoa,fuapepe(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);nītō,mara'inu(CookIslands);vaivai,vaivainivavalangi,vaivaidina,balori(Fiji);atiku(FrenchPolynesia(Marquesas));ipel-ipel(Galapagos);tangantangan,tangan-tangan,talantayan(Guam,CNMI,MarshallIslands);talntangan(CNMI);koahaole,lili-koa,ekoa(Hawai'i);tekaitetua(Kiribati);tuhngantuhngan,rohbohtin(Kosrae);tavahikaku(Niue);pepe(NiueandSamoa);telentund(Palau);lusina(Samoa);sialemohemohe(Tonga);cassis(Vanuatu);ganitnityuwantangantan(Yap);namas(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)Fabaceaetree*LicualagrandisEnglish:ruffledfanpalm;French:palmier-cuillèreArecaceaetree(palm)*LonicerajaponicaEnglish:Japanesehoneysuckle,Hall'shoneysuckle;Other:pitatepapa'ā(CookIslands);mangamangārima(CookIslands(Ma'uke));honekakala(Hawai'i)Caprifoliaceaevine*Macfadyenaunguis-catiEnglish:cat's-clawclimberBignoniaceaevineMacroptiliumatropurpureumEnglish:siratro,purplebushbeanFabaceaeherbMeliaazedarachEnglish:Chinaberry,pride-of-India,indianlilac,Persianlilac,whitecedar,margosatree,tira;French:lilasdesIndes,arbreàchapelets;Spanish:jazmin(GalapagosIs.
);Other:tīra(CookIslands);dake,bakain(Fiji),paraiso,para'isu(Guam);'inia,'ilinia(Hawai'i);sili,tili(Niue);lelah(Pohnpei);sita(Tonga);prais(Yap)Meliaceaetree*MelicoccusbijugatusEnglish:SpanishlimeSapindaceaetreeMelinisrepensEnglish:Natalredtop,Natalgrass,redNatalgrass,Holme'sgrass,blanketgrass;French:herbeduNatal,herberose,herbepappangue;tricholène(NewCaledonia);Other:salapona(Tonga)PoaceaegrassMerremiatuberosaEnglish:woodrose,Spanisharborvine,yellowmorning-glory;French:liane-à-tonelle,liane-jaune;Other:alarrak(Saipan);pilikai(Hawai'i)Convolvulaceaevine69ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitMikaniamicranthaEnglish:mile-a-minuteweed,Chinesecreeper,Americanrope,bittervine;French:lianeaméricaine,liane-serpent;Other:fuesaina(AmericanSamoa,SamoaandNiue);pōkutekute(CookIslands('Atiu));wambosuthu,wambosuvu,wambutako,wandamele,ovaova,wabosucu,usuvanua(Fiji);foulaina(Niue),teb'lyas(Palau);kwalokoburu,(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)AsteraceaevineMimosapudicaEnglish:sensitiveplant,sleepinggrass;French:sensitive;Other:la'aufefe,vaofefe,vaotuitui,tuitui(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pikika'a,rākaupikika'a,rākau'avare,rākau'avarevare,tiarepikika'a,tītāpikika'a,rākaupikika(CookIslands);paope'āvare(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));thongandrongandro,thokandrodandro,cogadrogadro(Fiji);poheha'avare,popeha'avare(FrenchPolynesia);betguensosa(Guam);puahilahila(Hawai'i);memege(Niue);mechiuaiu(Palau);limemeihr(Pohnpei);mateloi(Tonga)FabaceaeherbMuntingiacalaburaEnglish:jamtree,strawberrytree,Jamaicancherry,Singaporecherry,Panamacherry,Panamaberry,ornamentalcherry,calabura,sirsen;French:boisramier;Other:venevene(CookIslands(Penrhyn));capulin(Fiji,FrenchPolynesia);manzanilla,mansanita,manzanita(Guam,CNMI),budo(Palau,Yap)Tiliaceaetree*MurrayapaniculataEnglish:orangejessamine,satin-wood,Chinesebox,Hawaiianmockorange;Other:tiare'ānani(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia)Rutaceaeshrub/tree*Nymphaeaspp.
English:waterlily;Other:ririvai(CookIslands)NymphaeaceaeherbOcimumgratissimumEnglish:wildbasil,clovebasil,treebasil;French:basilic,menthegabonaise;Other:miritītā,miritūtaepuaka,miringanga'ere,miritūpāpaku(CookIslands);miripapa'ā,miritaratoni(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);la'ausauga(Samoa)LamiaceaeherbOdontonematubaeformeEnglish:firespike,cardinalflower;Other:totoē(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)AcanthaceaeshrubOperculinaventricosaEnglish:paperrose,St.
Thomaslidpod;Other:alalag(Guam);palulu(Samoa);fuehina(Tonga)Convolvulaceaevine*Opuntiaspp.
English:pricklypear;Other:lenguadevaca(Guam)CactaceaesucculentsPanicummaximumEnglish:Guineagrass,greenpanic,buffalograss;French:herbedeGuinéa,panicélevé,capimeguiné,fataque;Other:vaokini(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tinikarāti(CookIslands);talapi(CookIslands(Ma'uke);saafa(Tonga)Poaceaegrass*ParaseriantheslophanthaEnglish:brushwattle,plumealbizia,plumeacacia,stinkbeanFabaceaeshrub/treePaspalumconjugatumEnglish:Tgrass,tigrass,sourgrass;sourpalpalum,buffalograss,carabaograss,Hilograss(Hawai'i);French:herbesure,herbecréole;herbedetauère(NewCaledonia);Other:vaolima,(AmericanSamoa,Samoa,Tonga,Niue);fetinwumwune(Chuuk);maukutaravao,maukukatini(CookIslands);mau'uHilo(Hawai'i),muhsrasre(Kosrae);moisevaolima,motievaolima(NiueandTonga);udelrangebei(Palau);rehnwai(Pohnpei);vaolimamatafao,vaolimapapalagi(Samoa)PoaceaegrassPaspalumdilatatumEnglish:paspalum,dallisgrass,watergrass;French:paspalumdilaté,herbesirop,herbedemiel,herbededallis,milletbtard;Other:hikunua(Niue)PoaceaegrassPaspalumorbiculareEnglish:ricegrass;creepingpaspalum,ditchmillet,Indianpaspalum,kodomillet,watercouch;Spanish:mijokoda;Other:mātā(CookIslands);codurulevu,thondurulevu,thondina,thonindina(Fiji);karasi(SolomonIslands)PoaceaegrassPaspalumpaniculatumEnglish:Russellrivergrass,galmarragrass;Other:matiemanutai(CookIslands);taravao'uru'uru(CookIslands(Mangaia))PoaceaegrassPaspalumurvilleiEnglish:Vaseygrass;French:herbedeVasey,paspalumd'Urville;Other:tinikarāti(CookIslands(Mangaia))PoaceaegrassPassifloraedulisEnglish:passionfruit,yellowpassionfruit,purplepassionfruit,qarandila,purplegranadilla;French:grenadille;Spanish:maracuya(GalapagosIs.
);Other:pārapōutinipapa'ā(CookIslands);ka'atenepapa'ā,katingapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));liliko'i(Hawai'i),pompom(Pohnpei);pasio(Samoa);vaine(Tonga)Passifloraceaevine70ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitPassiflorafoetidaEnglish:love-in-a-mist,wildpassionfruit,passionflower,stinkingpassionflower;French:passiflore;Spanish:bedoca(GalapagosIs.
);Other:pasiovao(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);bombom(Chuuk),sou,lolilolinikalavo,qaranidila(Fiji);pohapoha(Hawai'i);laniwai(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau));teabiku(Kiribati);vinevao(Niue);kudamono(Palau);pompom,pwomwpwomw(Pohnpei);kinahulo'atdao,dulce(Saipan);vaine'initia(Tonga);tomates(Yap)PassifloraceaevinePassifloramaliformisEnglish:hard-shelledpassionfruit,sweetcalabash,sweetcup;French:pommecalabas;Other:pārapōutini'enua,pārapōutiniMaori(CookIslands);ka'ateneMaori,katingaMaori(CookIslands(Mangaia));pasio(Samoa),vainekai(Tonga)Passifloraceaevine*PassifloraquadrangularisEnglish:granadilla,giantgranadilla;French:barbadine;Spanish:badea(GalapagosIs.
);Other:papatini,pārapōtini,pārapōtinimaata(CookIslands);kūkuma(CookIslands('Atiu));maratini(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Miti'aro));parapautini(FrenchPolynesia);palasini,palatini,vinefualalahi,vinepalasini,tinitini(Niue);kudamono(Palau);pasio(Samoa);pasione(Tonga)PassifloraceaevinePassiflorarubraEnglish:redpassionfruit,Dutchman'slaudanum;Other:pōkutekute(CookIslands('Atiu))PassifloraceaevinePennisetumpurpureumEnglish:elephantgrass,napiergrass,merkergrass;French:herbeéléphant,faussecanneàsucre;Spanish:pastoelefante;Other:'erepani(CookIslands('Atiu));acfucsracsracsr(Kosrae);bokso(Palau);puk-soh(Pohnpei);vaobovi(Samoa)Poaceaegrass*PennisetumsetaceumEnglish:fountaingrassPoaceaegrass*PhyllostachysnigraEnglish:blackbamboo;French:bambounoirPoaceaeshrubPimentaracemosaEnglish:baytree,bayrumtree,bayoiltree,malagueta;Other:sinamoni(Tonga)Myrtaceaetree*PinuscaribaeaEnglish:Caribbeanpine,Bahamaspine;Other:painapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));paina(Samoa);paini(Tonga)PinaceaetreePistiastratiotesEnglish:waterlettuce,tropicalduckweed;French:laitued'eau,pistie;Other:lechuguitadeagua,repollodeagua,apon-apon,apoe-apoe,beo-cai,chawkAraceaeaquaticherb*PlatyceriumbifurcatumEnglish:elkhornfern,staghornfernSelaginellaceaefernPsidiumcattleianumEnglish:strawberryguava,cherryguava,Cattleyguava,Chineseguava;French:goyavierdeChine;Other:tūavapapa'ā(CookIslands);ngguava(Fiji),tuavatinito,tuvavatinito(FrenchPolynesia);waiawi'ula'ula(Hawai'i);kuahpa(Pohnpei);ku'ava(Samoa)MyrtaceaetreePsidiumguajavaEnglish:guava;French:goyavier;Spanish:guayaba,guayabo;Other:ku'ava(AmericanSamoa,Tonga,Tuvalu,Fiji,Samoa);kuafa(Chuuk);tūava,tūvava(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);quwawa,nguava,ngguavaniIndia,amrut(Fiji);tumutuava(FrenchPolynesia);abasguayaba(Galapagos);abas(Guam,Saipan-Chamorro,Yap);kuawa,kuawake'oke'o,kuawalemi,kuawamomona,pauwa(Hawai'i);kuhfahfah(Kosrae);tekuava,tekuawa(Kiribati);kuwawa(Nauru);kautoga,kautonga,kautogatane,kautongatane(Niue);guabang,kuabang(Palau);guahva,kuahpa(Pohnpei);apas(Saipan);abwas(Saipan-Carolinian)MyrtaceaetreePuerariaphaseoloidesEnglish:tropicalkudzu,puero;Other:kūkū(CookIslands('Aitu))Fabaceaevine*PyrostegiavenustaEnglish:flamevine,flameflower,goldenshower,orangetrumpetvineBignoniaceaevine*QuisqualisindicaEnglish:RangooncreeperCombretaceaevine*RicinuscommunisEnglish:castorbean,castor-oilplant;French:ricin;Spanish:higuerilla;Other:lamapalagi,lamapapalagi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tuituipapa'ā(CookIslands);mbelenivavalagi,totonivavalagi,utouto(Fiji);agaliya(Guam);koli,pa'aila,ka'apeha,kamakou,la'au,'aila(Hawai'i);tuitui,tuituifuaikiiki(Niue);gelug,maskerekur,uluchulaskoki(Palau);lepo,lepohina(Tonga)EuphorbiaceaeshrubRuelliaprostrataEnglish:blackweed,bellweed;Other:vaouli(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tītā'aruru(CookIslands(Miti'aro));vaoelefane(Samoa)Acanthaceaeherb*SamaneasamanEnglish:monkeypod,raintree,saman;French:arbredepluie;Other:tronkonmames,trongkon-mames(CNMI-Chamorro);filinganga(CNMI-Carolinian);gumornispanis(Yap);'ohai,pu'ohai(Hawai'i);vaivainivavalangi,vaivainivavalagi(Fiji),malapa(Samoa);kasia(Tonga)FabaceaetreeSambucusmexicanaEnglish:elderberry,MexicanelderCaprifoliaceaesmalltree*SanchezianobilisEnglish:sanchezia.
Acanthaceaeshrub71ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitSancheziaparvibracteataEnglish:sancheziaAcanthaceaeshrub*SansevieriatrifasciataEnglish:bowstringhemp,mother-in-law'stongue;French:chanvred'Afrique;Other:riri(CookIslands);tigre(Guam),kitelel(Palau)Agavaceaeherb*ScheffleraactinophyllaEnglish:octopustree,umbrellatree,ivypalm;French:arbre-pieuvre,arbreombelleAraliaceaetreeScindapsusaureusEnglish:pothos,moneyplant;Other:'ara(CookIslands(Ma'uke));yalu,wayalu,walu,halu,waloa,matha,nanggalanggala,nanggalinggali,tonga,tanga(Fiji);alu(Fiji,Tonga)Araceaevine*SennaalataEnglish:candlebush;candelabrabush,Romancandletree,emperor'scandlesticks,ringwormbush(Australia),alcapulco;French:episd'or,boisdartre,dartres;Other:fa'ilafa,la'aufailafa(AmericanSamoa,SamoaandTonga);arakak(Chuuk);mbainithangi(Fiji);akapuku,andadose,candalaria,take-biha(Guam);mulamula(Niue);kerulabesokel,yult(Palau);rakauhonuki,truke-n-kili-n-wai,tuhkehnkilinwai,tirakahonuki(Pohnpei);bakauplant(SolomonIslands);te'elango(Tonga);flay-n-sabouw(Yap)Fabaceaeshrub*SesbaniagrandifloraEnglish:sesbania,hummingbirdtree,sesban,scarletwisteriatree,corkwoodtree;French:agatiagrandesfleurs;Other:agati,agathi(Fiji);oufai,ofai,ouai(FrenchPolynesia);katurai(Guam);ohaike'oke'o(Hawai'i);sepania(Samoa)FabaceaesmalltreeSetariapumilaEnglish:foxtail,gardenbristlegrass,hairy-tailgrass,yellowbristlegrass,Queenslandpigeongrass(Australia),cat'stailgrass(Fiji);French:sétaireglauquePoaceaegrassSetariapalmifoliaEnglish:palmgrass,shortpitpit,hailanspitpit,broadleavedbristlegrass;Other:vao'ofe'ofe(Samoa)Poaceaegrass*SolandramaximaEnglish:goldencup,cupofgold,chalicevine;Spanish:copadeoroSolanaceaelianaSolanumcapsicoidesEnglish:cockroachberry,devil'sapple,sodaapple;Other:poro'ititaratara(CookIslands);kikaniakei,akaaka,akaka(Hawai'i)SolanaceaeherbSolanummauritianumEnglish:bugweed,wildtobacco,treetobacco;Other:rau'ava'ava(CookIslands);puananahonua(Hawai'i);pula(Tonga)SolanaceaeshrubSpathodeacampanulataEnglish:Africantuliptree,fireball,fountaintree;French:tulipierduGabon,pisse-pisse;Spanish:tulipanafricano;Other:kō'ī'ī,mimi,pātītīvaipatitivai,pititivai(CookIslands);matakō'ī'īko'i'i(CookIslands(Mangaia));apr(CNMI);tagamimi(Fiji);orsachelkui(Palau);tuhkedulip(Pohnpei);fa'apasi(Samoa);tiulipe(Tonga);rarningobchey(Yap)BignoniaceaetreeSporobolusindicusEnglish:smutgrass,wiregrass,Indiandropseed;Other:fisihina(Tonga)PoaceaegrassStachytarphetacayennensisEnglish:bluerat'stail,dark-bluesnakeweed,falseverbena,nettleleafvelvetberry;French:herbebleue;Other:ouchung,sakura(Chuuk),tiāki(CookIslands(Miti'aro));louchbeluu(Palau);mautofutai,mautofuvao,matofufualanumoana(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);teuti(Kiribati);mautofuSamoa,motofuSamoa(Niue);hiku'ikuma,hiku'kuma,'iku'ikuma,iku'ikuma(Tonga);turulakaka,tumbutumbu,serakawa,lavenia,sekarakarawa(Fiji)VerbenaceaeherbStenotaphrumsecundatumEnglish:buffalograss,St.
Augustinegrass;French:chiendentdeboeuf;Spanish:pastoSanAugustín;Other:'aki'akihaole,mānienie'aki'aki,mānienie'aki'akihaole,mānieniemāhikihiki(Hawai'i)PoaceaegrassSyngoniumangustatumEnglish:arrowheadplant,goosefootplantAraceaevineSyzygiumcuminiEnglish:Javaplum;jambolanplum;French:faux-pistachier,jamelonguier,jamélongue,jambolanier;Other:pistati,ka'ika(CookIslands);paramu(CookIslands(Aitutaki);duhat(Guam);mesegerak,mesekerrak,mesekerrák,mesigerak(Palau);jamelonguier(NewCaledonia);kavikaniIndia,jammun(Fiji)MyrtaceaetreeSyzygiumjambosEnglish:malabarplum,roseapple,Malayapple;French:jambosier,pomme-rose,pommierrose;Spanish:pomarosa;Other:ka'ikapapa'ā(CookIslandsexceptMa'uke),ka'ikatakataka(CookIslands);ka'ikavarani(CookIslands(Mangaia));ka'ika(CookIslands('Atiu));kavika,kavikanivavalangi,kavikaniIndia(Fiji),ahi'apapa'a,ahi'apopa'a(FrenchPolynesia),'ohi'aloke(Hawai'i);iouenwai,youenwai,apelenwai(Pohnpei);seaseapapalagi(Samoa);fekikapapalangi(Tonga)Myrtaceaetree*TabebuiaheterophyllaEnglish:pinktecoma,pinktrumpettree,whitecedar;Other:calicedupapeBignoniaceaetreeTecomastansEnglish:yellowbells,yellow-elder,yellowtrumpetbush;Other:tekoma(CookIslands);piti(FrenchPolynesia,Tonga);peeal(Puluwat)Bignoniaceaesmalltree72ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabit*ThevetiaperuvianaEnglish:yellowoleander,be-stilltree,luckynut;French:oléandrejaune;Other:koneta(Chuuk);venevene(CookIslands(Mangaia)),'enere(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Miti'aro));nohomalie(Hawai'i);irelepsech(Yap)Apocynaceaesmalltree*ThunbergiaalataEnglish:black-eyedsusanvine;French:suzanneauxyeuxnoirsAcanthaceaevineThunbergiafragransEnglish:whitelady,whitethunbergia,sweetclock-vine;Other:fuehina(Tonga)AcanthaceaevineThunbergiagrandifloraEnglish:Bengaltrumpet,bluetrumpetvine,clockvine,skyvine,large-flowerdthunbergia;Other:bungel'letiu(Palau)AcanthaceaevineThunbergialaurifoliaEnglish:purpleallamanda,laurel-leavedthunbergia,laurelclockvineAcanthaceaevineTibouchinaurvilleanaEnglish:glorybush,lasiandra,princessflowerMelastomataceaeherbTithoniadiversifoliaEnglish:treemarigold,shrubsunflower,Mexicansunflower,Japanesesunflower;Other:puarenga(CookIslands);tiarerengarenga(CookIslands(Aitutaki));kavakava,puarenga(CookIslands(Ma'uke));matala(Niue)Asteraceaeshrub*TradescantiaspathaceaEnglish:oysterplant,boatplant,boatlily,mosesinaboat;Other:ririmangio(CookIslands(Ma'uke));ririraei(CookIslands(Miti'aro));talotalo,laupapaki(Niue);fainakula(Tonga)CommelinaceaeherbTradescantiazebrinaEnglish:wanderingzebrina,wanderingjew,inchplant;Other:maukupapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia))CommelinaceaeherbTriumfettarhomboideaEnglish:Chineseburr,paroquetburr,burrbush;Other:manutofu,mautofu,mautofuvao(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);vavaitaratītā(CookIslands);piripiri(CookIslands(Aitutaki));qatima(Fiji),urio(FrenchPolynesia);dadangsi,masiksiklahe(Guam);mosipo(Niue);mo'osipo(Tonga)TiliaceaeshrubTriumfettasemitrilobaEnglish:Sacramentobur;Other:dadangsi,masiksiklahe(Guam)TiliaceaeshrubUrenalobataEnglish:hibiscusburr,aramina,caesarweed,pinkChineseburr,urenaburr,burmallow;French:juteafricain,cousinurène;Other:mautofu(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);nognuk,ocher(Chuuk);qatima,gataya,nggatima(Fiji);vavaitaratītā(CookIslands(Ma'uke));piripiri(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);dadangsi,dadangsiapaka,dadangsimachingat,dádangse(Guam);motipo,mosipo(Niue);chosuchedekui,osuchedarechui(Palau);karap,korop(Pohnpei);mo'osipoTonga(Tonga)MalvaceaeshrubUrochloamuticaEnglish:Californiagrass,paragrass,buffalograss,Mauritiusgrass,signalgrass;French:herbedePara;Other:maukupuakatoro(CookIslands);puakatau(Tonga)(Swarbrick,1997)PoaceaegrassWedeliatrilobataEnglish:wedelia,trailingdaisy,Singaporedaisy,creepingox-eye;Other:ngesilrangebard(Palau);dihpwongohng,tuhkeongohng(Pohnpei);rosrangrang(Kosrae);utmkadkad,uttelia(MarshallIslands);atiat(Puluwat);ate(Tonga)Asteraceaeherb*Onlyseenorreportedtobeincultivation73Appendix5.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonAitutakiScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitAbelmoschusmoschatusEnglish:fautia,muskmallow,muskokra;French:ambrette,gombomusqué,ketmiemusquée,grainedemusc;Other:'autetoga,fautagaloa,fuasamasama(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);karereon,karereonnikapweriknik,kareron,likonokon(Chuuk);vavaitara(CookIslands);ta'uri'au(CookIslands(Mangaia));wakiwaki,wakewake,wakeke,vakeke,aukiki,okeoke,o'e'e(Fiji);kamang,ka'mang(Guam);fouingo(Niue),gongul(Palau);metei,mety,methey(Pohnpei);loa,fau'ingo(Tonga);fauingo(WallisandFutuna);hathongethong,kamwayang,nikapwerik,setmwechin,sotumo(Yap)MalvaceaeherbAcaciafarnesianaEnglish:Ellingtoncurse,klu,sweetacacia;French:acaciajaune,cassie;Other:titima(CookIslands);vaivaivaka-vatona,vaivaivakavotona,banbaburi,oki(Fiji);aroma,popinac,kandaroma(Guam,CNMI);kolu(Hawai'i);tekaibakoa(Kiribati);debena(Nauru)FabaceaeshrubAdenantherapavoninaEnglish:coralbeantree,redsandalwoodtree,redbeadtree,lopa,beadtree,falsewiliwili,peacockflower-fence,Polynesianpeanut;French:boisdecondori;Other:lopa(AmericanSamoa,FenchPolynesia,SamoaandTonga);matakōviriviri(CookIslands);kōviriviri,tavara(CookIslands(Mangaia));pitipiti'ō(CookIslands('Atiu));lera,lerendamu,vaivai,vaivainivavalangi(Fiji),pomea(Fiji,Niue),la'aupaina,pitipitio(FrenchPolynesia);colales,culalis,kolales,kulales,kulalis(Guam,CNMI);hua'ula'ula(Hawai'i);(metekam,metkam,metkem,mwetkwem(Kosrae);telengtúngd,telentundalel(Palau);kaikes(Pohnpei)FabaceaetreeAleuritesmoluccanaEnglish:candlenut,Indianwalnut;French:bancoulier,bancoulier,noyerdebancoul,noyerdesMoluques;Other:lumbang(Guam),raguar(CarolineIslands);sakan,shakan(Pohnpei);lama(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kukui(Hawai'i);tuitui(CookIslands,Niue,Tonga),'ama(Marquesas);lauci,lauthe,lauthi,toto,tuitui,tutui,waiwai,sekeci,sikethi,sikeli,nggerenggere(Fiji);tahiitiairi,ti'a'iri,tutui,tahiri(FrenchPolynesia)Euphorbiaceaetree*AllamandacatharticaEnglish:yellowtrumpetvine,goldentrumpet,allamanda,brownbudallamanda,goldenallamanda,goldencup;French:monettejaune,li'anes'aime;Other:puataunofo(AmericanSamoaandSamoa),tiarerengarenga,pua(CookIslands);lani-ali'i(Hawai'i)Apocynaceaeshrub*AlpiniapurpurataEnglish:redginger;Other:kōpīmuramura(CookIslands);thevunga(Fiji);'awapuhi'ula'ula(Hawai'i);teuila(Samoa);tevunga(Tonga)Zingiberaceaeherb*AnnonamuricataEnglish:soursop,pricklycustardapple;French:corossolier,cacheimantierépineux,cachimanépineux,corossolépineux;Other:kātara'apa(CookIslands);kātara'apapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));naponapotaratara(CookIslands(Aitutaki));saasaf,sasaf(Chuuk);tapotapopapaa(FrenchPolynesia);laguana,laguaná,laguanaha,laguanaba,labuanaha(Guam);sosap(Kosrae);jojaab(MarshallIslands);syasyap(NorthernMarianaIslands),talapofotofoto(Niue),sausab(Palau);sei,sae,trukashai(Pohnpei);sasalapa(Samoa);'apele'initia(Tonga);sausau(Yap)Annonaceaetree*AntigononleptopusEnglish:Mexicancreeper,mountainrose,Confederatevine,chain-of-love,heartsonachain,love-vine,coralbells,coralvine,queen'sjewels,kadenadeamor,corallita;Other:dilngau(Palau);rohsapoak(Pohnpei)PolygonaceaevineArdisiaellipticaEnglish:shoebuttonardisia;Other:venevenetinitō(CookIslands);atipopa'a,atiu(FrenchPolynesia);togovao(Samoa)Myrsinaceaeshrub*AsparagussetaceusEnglish:ornamentalasparagus,climbingasparagusfern,plumosa;French:aspergeplumeuse;Other:remu(CookIslands);taupo'ou(Tonga)LiliaceaevineBambusavulgaris.
English:bamboo;French:bambou;Other:iich(Chuuk);ko'epapa'ā(CookIslands);bitu(Fiji);'ohe(FrenchPolynesia,Hawai'i);'ofe(FrenchPolynesia,Samoa),pi'ao,pi'aopalaoan(GuamandNorthernMarianas-Chamorro);bwai(GuamandNorthernMarianas-Carolinian);bambu(Kosrae);tekaibaba(Kiribati);bae,koba(MarshallIslands);kahopalangi(Niue);pehriensapahn(Pohnpei);bambuu(Palau);'ofeFiti,'ofepapalagi(Samoa);kofe(Tonga,Tuvalu);pitu(Tonga);pampu(Tuvalu);moor(Yap)Poaceaetree74ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitBauhiniamonandraEnglish:orchid-tree,St.
Thomas-tree,Napoleon'splume;flamboyant(Pohnpei),floresmariposa(CNMI);mariposa(Guam);pinkbutterflytree(Fiji);Other:vaepovi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pine(CookIslands(Rarotonga),FrenchPolynesia);pīpī(CookIslands(Aitu));pī(CookIslands(Ma'ukeandMiti'aro));pinefualoloa(Niue)FabaceaetreeBothriochloabladhiiEnglish:bluegrass,Australianbeardgrass,Caucasianbluestem;Other:desum(Palau);latokagrass,thambonigrass(Fiji)Poaceaegrass*BryophyllumpinnatumEnglish:lifeplant,airplant,resurrectionplant,Canterburybells,cathedralbells,Mexicanloveplant;Spanish:hojadelaire;Other:ngāngā'eretoka(CookIslands);bulatawamudu(Fiji);'oliwakukahakai(Hawai'i);teang(Kiribati);kibilia(MarshallIslands);tupuhelau,tupunoa(Niue);pagi(Samoa);pipivao(Tonga)Crassulaceaeherb*CallisiafragransEnglish:fragrantinchplant,basketplant,spironemaCommelinaceaeherbCanangaodorataEnglish:perfumetree;French:canangodorant;Other:moso'oi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pwanang,pwuur,pwalang(Chuuk);ylang-ylang,lengileng;(CNMI);mata'oi,mato'oi,moto'oi,(CookIslands,Niue,Tahiti);makasoi,makosoi,makusui,mokohoi,mokosoi(Fiji);moto'i(FrenchPolynesia);ilang-ilang,alang-ilang(Guam,Philippines);lanalana(Hawai'i);ilanlang,ilahnglahng(Kosrae);ilanilan,ilala(MarshallIslands);motoi(Niue);chiráng,irang(Palau);pur-n-wai,pwurenwai,sair-n-wai,seirinwai,seirenwai(Pohnpei);mohoki,mohokoi(Tonga)AnnonaceaetreeCeibapentandraEnglish:kapok,kapoktree,silk-cottontree,pacae;French:kapokier,capoc,boiscoton;Spanish:ceibo;Other:vavae(AmericanSamoa,Samoa,Niue,Tonga);koton(Chuuk);vavai(CookIslandsandFrenchPolynesia);vavaimama'u,vavaimaori(CookIslands);mama'u(CookIslands(Mangaia,Aitutaki));vauvaunivavalangi,semar(Fiji);algodondeManila,atgodondiManila,algidon,atgidondeManila(Guam);kuhtin,cutin(Kosrae);koatoa,atagodon,bulik,kotin(MarshallIslands);kalngebard,kalngebárd,kerrekarngebard(Palau);cottin,koatun,koatoa(Pohnpei);arughuschel(Saipan),battenigan'ken(Yap);vavaunilokoloko(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)BombacaceaetreeCenchrusechinatusEnglish:burgrass,sand-bur,southernsandbur,MossmanRivergrass(Australia);French:herbeacateaux(Mauritius);Other:tuitui,vaotuitui(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);piripiri(CookIslands);pārango(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));sembulabula(Fiji);piri-piri,pipiri(FrenchPolynesia);mau'ukuku,'ume'alu(Hawai'i);teanti,tekateketeke(Kiribati);cram-cram(NewCaledonia);motievihilago,mosievihilango(Niue);lklk,klklk,lellik,lekelik,liklik,karmwijmwij,karumwij(MarshallIslands);cauit-cauitan(Philippines);hefa(Tonga)PoaceaegrassCentrosemapubescensEnglish:centro,butterfly-pea;French:fleur-languette,poisbtard;Other:piriarero(CookIslands(Miti'aro));pinindola(Fiji)FabaceaeherbCoffeaarabicaEnglish:coffee;French:café,caféierd'Arabie;Spanish:café,cafeto;Other:kaope,kaopeMaori(CookIslands);kove(Fiji);kofe(Fiji,Niue,Samoa),kofi(Tonga);kafe(Marquesas);taofe(Tahiti)RubiaceaetreeCommelinadiffusaEnglish:commelina,dayflower,wanderingJew,spiderwort;Spanish:chiriyuyo;Other:mauku-vai,mauku'oro'enua,maukupuakatoro(CookIslands);semprebiban-damalong(Guam);honohono(Hawai'i);mau'utoga,mau'uTonga(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);mohukuvai,musiematalapulu(Tonga);airorongi,airongorongo,airogorogo,cobulabula,rongomatailevu,thombulambula,matembulambula,drano,duludauwere,ndrano,ndulandauwere,luna,thonggalonggalo(Fiji),ma'apape(FrenchPolynesia)CommelinaceaeherbCyperusinvolucratusEnglish:umbrellasedge,umbrellaplant,dwarfpapyrusgrass;Other:'ahu'awahaole,pu'uka'ahaole(Hawai'i)CyperaceaesedgeCyperusrotundusEnglish:nutgrass,nutsedge,purplenutsedge,cocograss;French:souchetrond,souchetàtubercules,herbeàoignon;Other:mauku'ōniāni,'ōniāni(CookIslands);soronakambani,soranakambani,soronikabani,ivako,malanga,vucesa,motha,vuthesamotha(Fiji);chaguanhumatag(Guam);kili'o'opu,mau'umokae(Hawai'i);temumute(Kiribati);tuteoneon(MarshallIslands);mumuta(Samoa,Tokelau);pakopako(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeDerrismalaccensisEnglish:NewGuineacreeper;Other:'avaniukini(AmericanSamoa);'orapāpua,rakaupapua(CookIslands);nduva,tuva,nduvaniniukini(Fiji);horapapua(FrenchPolynesia);akauniukini(Niue);fuefa'i'ava(Samoa);kavafisi(Tonga)Fabaceaevine75ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitDigitariaciliarisEnglish:Henry'scrabgrass,smoothcrabgrass,tropicalcrabgrass,largecrabgrass,southerncrabgrass,fingergrass,summergrass;French:digitaireciliée;Other:kukaepua'a(Hawai'i);Saulangi(Niue)PoaceaegrassEugeniaunifloraEnglish:Surinamcherry,redBrazilcherry;French:cerisiercarré,cerisierdeCayenne;Other:venevene(CookIslands);menemene(CookIslands(Mangaia));kafika,kafikapalangi(Niue),pitanga(Brazil)Myrtaceaeshrub/treeFalcatariamoluccanaEnglish:Moluccaalbizia;Other:tamaligipalagi(AmericanSamoa);'ārapitia(CookIslands);tuhkekerosene,tuhkehnkarisihn(Pohnpei);ukallrangebard(Palau);tamaligipaepae(Samoa)FabaceaetreeFurcraeafoetidaEnglish:Mauritiushemp,sisal,maguey,giantcabuya;French:aloèsvert,chanvredeMaurice;Other:piāni,rōpiāni(CookIslands);malina(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau));toua(Niue);faumalila,faumalila(Tonga)Agavaceaesucculent*Heliconiaspp.
English:heliconia,parrot's-flower,parrot's-plantain,crabclaw,lobsterclaw;Other:tiarepārata'ito(CookIslands)Heliconiaceaeherb*HemigraphisalternataEnglish:metalleaf;redivy,cemeteryplant(Fiji);Other:suipi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)AcanthaceaeherbHippobromalongifloraEnglish:starofBethlehem,fetia,madamfate;Other:puahōkū(Hawai'i)CampanulaceaeherbHyptispectinataEnglish:combhyptis,combbushmint,mintweed,purpletop;French:faussementhe;Spanish:poleooiso(Galapagos);Other:miritītā(CookIslands('Atiu));tamoleniveikau,tamolinivavalangi,timothinivavalangi,wavuwavu,ndamoli,bentulsia(Fiji);mumutunlahe,mumutunpalaoan,mumutanademelon(Guam);vaomini(Samoa)LamiaceaeherbIndigoferasuffruticosaEnglish:indigo;Other:'initiko(CookIslands);aniles(Guam);'iniko,inikoa,kolu(Hawai'i);la'aumageso(Samoa);'akauveli(Tonga)FabaceaeshrubKyllinganemoralisEnglish:whitekyllinga,whiteheadspikesedge,whitewatersedge;Other:neke'enua(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Ngaputoru));chaguanlemae,botoncillo(Guam—Chamorro);kili'o'opu(Hawai'i),ta'ata'a,ta'ata'avilitaliga,matieupo'o,matieTahiti,mo'uupo'onui,mo'uupo'o,tuise(Samoa);pakopako,pakopako'aekuma(Tahiti);tuise(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeLeonurusjaponicusEnglish:lion'stail,Chinesemotherwort;Other:vavaitara(CookIslands(Miti'aro)LamiaceaeherbLeucaenaleucocephalaEnglish:leucaena,wildtamarind,leadtree;French:grainesdelin,faux-acacia,fauxmimosa(NewCaledonia);Other:lopaSamoa,fuapepe(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);nītō,mara'inu(CookIslands);vaivai,vaivainivavalangi,vaivaidina,balori(Fiji);atiku(FrenchPolynesia(Marquesas));ipel-ipel(Galapagos);tangantangan,tangan-tangan,talantayan(Guam,CNMI,MarshallIslands);talntangan(CNMI);koahaole,lili-koa,ekoa(Hawai'i);tekaitetua(Kiribati);tuhngantuhngan,rohbohtin(Kosrae);tavahikaku(Niue);pepe(NiueandSamoa);telentund(Palau);lusina(Samoa);sialemohemohe(Tonga);cassis(Vanuatu);ganitnityuwantangantan(Yap);namas(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)FabaceaetreeMacroptiliumatropurpureumEnglish:siratro,purplebushbeanFabaceaeherbMeliaazedarachEnglish:Chinaberry,pride-of-India,indianlilac,Persianlilac,whitecedar,margosatree,tira;French:lilasdesIndes,arbreàchapelets;Spanish:jazmin(GalapagosIs.
);Other:tīra(CookIslands);dake,bakain(Fiji),paraiso,para'isu(Guam);'inia,'ilinia(Hawai'i);sili,tili(Niue);lelah(Pohnpei);sita(Tonga);prais(Yap)MeliaceaetreeMerremiapeltataEnglish:merremia;Other:fuevae(AmericanSamoa),fuelautetele(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);fidau,fitau,fitaw,fitay(Chuuk);kūrima(CookIslands('Atiu));wambula,wabula,wadamu,wandamu,viliyawa,wiliviwa,veliyana,wiliao(Fiji);pohue(FrenchPolynesia);lagon,lagoun,lagun(Guam);pala,pul,para,puhlah(Kosrae);fue,fuevao,fuekula(Niue);kebeas(Palau);ceul,lohl,iol,yol,yool(Pohnpei);abui,grobihi,arosumou(SolomonIslands);fuemea(Tonga);wachathal(Yap)ConvolvulaceaevineMikaniamicranthaEnglish:mile-a-minuteweed,Chinesecreeper,Americanrope,bittervine;French:lianeaméricaine,liane-serpent;Other:fuesaina(AmericanSamoa,SamoaandNiue);pōkutekute(CookIslands('Atiu));wambosuthu,wambosuvu,wambutako,wandamele,ovaova,wabosucu,usuvanua(Fiji);foulaina(Niue),teb'lyas(Palau);kwalokoburu,(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)Asteraceaevine76ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitMimosainvisaEnglish:giantsensitiveplant,nilagrass;French:grandesensitive,sensitivegèante;Other:pikika'apapa'ā(CookIslands(Aitutaki));vaofefepalagi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa),wangandrongandrolevu,wangandrongandroniwangalelevu,cogadrogadro(Fiji);mechiuaiuu(Palau);limemeihrlaud(Pohnpei);singbiguinsasa(Saipan);la'aufefetele,la'aufefepalagi(Samoa);FabaceaeshrubMimosapudicaEnglish:sensitiveplant,sleepinggrass;French:sensitive;Other:la'aufefe,vaofefe,vaotuitui,tuitui(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pikika'a,rākaupikika'a,rākau'avare,rākau'avarevare,tiarepikika'a,tītāpikika'a,rākaupikika(CookIslands);paope'āvare(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));thongandrongandro,thokandrodandro,cogadrogadro(Fiji);poheha'avare,popeha'avare(FrenchPolynesia);betguensosa(Guam);puahilahila(Hawai'i);memege(Niue);mechiuaiu(Palau);limemeihr(Pohnpei);mateloi(Tonga)FabaceaeherbOcimumgratissimumEnglish:wildbasil,clovebasil,treebasil;French:basilic,menthegabonaise;Other:miritītā,miritūtaepuaka,miringanga'ere,miritūpāpaku(CookIslands);miripapa'ā,miritaratoni(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);la'ausauga(Samoa)Lamiaceaeherb*Opuntiaspp.
English:pricklypear;Other:lenguadevaca(Guam)CactaceaesucculentsPanicummaximumEnglish:Guineagrass,greenpanic,buffalograss;French:herbedeGuinéa,panicélevé,capimeguiné,fataque;Other:vaokini(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tinikarāti(CookIslands);talapi(CookIslands(Ma'uke);saafa(Tonga)PoaceaegrassPaspalumconjugatumEnglish:Tgrass,tigrass,sourgrass;sourpalpalum,buffalograss,carabaograss,Hilograss(Hawai'i);French:herbesure,herbecréole;herbedetauère(NewCaledonia);Other:vaolima,(AmericanSamoa,Samoa,Tonga,Niue);fetinwumwune(Chuuk);maukutaravao,maukukatini(CookIslands);mau'uHilo(Hawai'i),muhsrasre(Kosrae);moisevaolima,motievaolima(NiueandTonga);udelrangebei(Palau);rehnwai(Pohnpei);vaolimamatafao,vaolimapapalagi(Samoa)PoaceaegrassPaspalumorbiculareEnglish:ricegrass;creepingpaspalum,ditchmillet,Indianpaspalum,kodomillet,watercouch;Spanish:mijokoda;Other:mātā(CookIslands);codurulevu,thondurulevu,thondina,thonindina(Fiji);karasi(SolomonIslands)PoaceaegrassPaspalumpaniculatumEnglish:Russellrivergrass,galmarragrass;Other:matiemanutai(CookIslands);taravao'uru'uru(CookIslands(Mangaia))Poaceaegrass*PassifloraedulisEnglish:passionfruit,yellowpassionfruit,purplepassionfruit,qarandila,purplegranadilla;French:grenadille;Spanish:maracuya(GalapagosIs.
);Other:pārapōutinipapa'ā(CookIslands);ka'atenepapa'ā,katingapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));liliko'i(Hawai'i),pompom(Pohnpei);pasio(Samoa);vaine(Tonga)Passifloraceaevine*PassifloraquadrangularisEnglish:granadilla,giantgranadilla;French:barbadine;Spanish:badea(GalapagosIs.
);Other:papatini,pārapōtini,pārapōtinimaata(CookIslands);kūkuma(CookIslands('Atiu));maratini(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Miti'aro));parapautini(FrenchPolynesia);palasini,palatini,vinefualalahi,vinepalasini,tinitini(Niue);kudamono(Palau);pasio(Samoa);pasione(Tonga)PassifloraceaevinePassiflorarubraEnglish:redpassionfruit,Dutchman'slaudanum;Other:pōkutekute(CookIslands('Atiu))PassifloraceaevinePsidiumguajavaEnglish:guava;French:goyavier;Spanish:guayaba,guayabo;Other:ku'ava(AmericanSamoa,Tonga,Tuvalu,Fiji,Samoa);kuafa(Chuuk);tūava,tūvava(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);quwawa,nguava,ngguavaniIndia,amrut(Fiji);tumutuava(FrenchPolynesia);abasguayaba(Galapagos);abas(Guam,Saipan-Chamorro,Yap);kuawa,kuawake'oke'o,kuawalemi,kuawamomona,pauwa(Hawai'i);kuhfahfah(Kosrae);tekuava,tekuawa(Kiribati);kuwawa(Nauru);kautoga,kautonga,kautogatane,kautongatane(Niue);guabang,kuabang(Palau);guahva,kuahpa(Pohnpei);apas(Saipan);abwas(Saipan-Carolinian)MyrtaceaetreePuerariaphaseoloidesEnglish:tropicalkudzu,puero;Other:kūkū(CookIslands('Aitu))FabaceaevineRuelliaprostrataEnglish:blackweed,bellweed;Other:vaouli(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tītā'aruru(CookIslands(Miti'aro));vaoelefane(Samoa)Acanthaceaeherb*SambucusmexicanaEnglish:elderberry,MexicanelderCaprifoliaceaesmalltree*SancheziaparvibracteataEnglish:sancheziaAcanthaceaeshrub*SansevieriatrifasciataEnglish:bowstringhemp,mother-in-law'stongue;French:chanvred'Afrique;Other:riri(CookIslands);tigre(Guam),kitelel(Palau)Agavaceaeherb77ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitScindapsusaureusEnglish:pothos,moneyplant;Other:'ara(CookIslands(Ma'uke));yalu,wayalu,walu,halu,waloa,matha,nanggalanggala,nanggalinggali,tonga,tanga(Fiji);alu(Fiji,Tonga)AraceaevineSolanummauritianumEnglish:bugweed,wildtobacco,treetobacco;Other:rau'ava'ava(CookIslands);puananahonua(Hawai'i);pula(Tonga)SolanaceaeshrubSpathodeacampanulataEnglish:Africantuliptree,fireball,fountaintree;French:tulipierduGabon,pisse-pisse;Spanish:tulipanafricano;Other:kō'ī'ī,mimi,pātītīvaipatitivai,pititivai(CookIslands);matakō'ī'īko'i'i(CookIslands(Mangaia));apr(CNMI);tagamimi(Fiji);orsachelkui(Palau);tuhkedulip(Pohnpei);fa'apasi(Samoa);tiulipe(Tonga);rarningobchey(Yap)BignoniaceaetreeSporobolusindicusEnglish:smutgrass,wiregrass,Indiandropseed;Other:fisihina(Tonga)PoaceaegrassStachytarphetacayennensisEnglish:bluerat'stail,dark-bluesnakeweed,falseverbena,nettleleafvelvetberry;French:herbebleue;Other:ouchung,sakura(Chuuk),tiāki(CookIslands(Miti'aro));louchbeluu(Palau);mautofutai,mautofuvao,matofufualanumoana(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);teuti(Kiribati);mautofuSamoa,motofuSamoa(Niue);hiku'ikuma,hiku'kuma,'iku'ikuma,iku'ikuma(Tonga);turulakaka,tumbutumbu,serakawa,lavenia,sekarakarawa(Fiji)VerbenaceaeherbSyngoniumangustatumEnglish:arrowheadplant,goosefootplantAraceaevineSyzygiumcuminiEnglish:Javaplum;jambolanplum;French:faux-pistachier,jamelonguier,jamélongue,jambolanier;Other:pistati,ka'ika(CookIslands);paramu(CookIslands(Aitutaki);duhat(Guam);mesegerak,mesekerrak,mesekerrák,mesigerak(Palau);jamelonguier(NewCaledonia);kavikaniIndia,jammun(Fiji)MyrtaceaetreeSyzygiumjambosEnglish:malabarplum,roseapple,Malayapple;French:jambosier,pomme-rose,pommierrose;Spanish:pomarosa;Other:ka'ikapapa'ā(CookIslandsexceptMa'uke),ka'ikatakataka(CookIslands);ka'ikavarani(CookIslands(Mangaia));ka'ika(CookIslands('Atiu));kavika,kavikanivavalangi,kavikaniIndia(Fiji),ahi'apapa'a,ahi'apopa'a(FrenchPolynesia),'ohi'aloke(Hawai'i);iouenwai,youenwai,apelenwai(Pohnpei);seaseapapalagi(Samoa);fekikapapalangi(Tonga)MyrtaceaetreeTecomastansEnglish:yellowbells,yellow-elder,yellowtrumpetbush;Other:tekoma(CookIslands);piti(FrenchPolynesia,Tonga);peeal(Puluwat)BignoniaceaesmalltreeTephrosiacandidaEnglish:whitetephrosia,whitehoary-pea;Frenchindigosauvage,indigoblancFabaceaeshrubTithoniadiversifoliaEnglish:treemarigold,shrubsunflower,Mexicansunflower,Japanesesunflower;Other:puarenga(CookIslands);tiarerengarenga(CookIslands(Aitutaki));kavakava,puarenga(CookIslands(Ma'uke));matala(Niue)Asteraceaeshrub*TradescantiaspathaceaEnglish:oysterplant,boatplant,boatlily,mosesinaboat;Other:ririmangio(CookIslands(Ma'uke));ririraei(CookIslands(Miti'aro));talotalo,laupapaki(Niue);fainakula(Tonga)CommelinaceaeherbTriumfettarhomboideaEnglish:Chineseburr,paroquetburr,burrbush;Other:manutofu,mautofu,mautofuvao(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);vavaitaratītā(CookIslands);piripiri(CookIslands(Aitutaki));qatima(Fiji),urio(FrenchPolynesia);dadangsi,masiksiklahe(Guam);mosipo(Niue);mo'osipo(Tonga)TiliaceaeshrubTriumfettasemitrilobaEnglish:Sacramentobur;Other:dadangsi,masiksiklahe(Guam)TiliaceaeshrubUrochloamuticaEnglish:Californiagrass,paragrass,buffalograss,Mauritiusgrass,signalgrass;French:herbedePara;Other:maukupuakatoro(CookIslands);puakatau(Tonga)(Swarbrick,1997)Poaceaegrass*Onlyseenorreportedtobeincultivation78Appendix6.
Invasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresenton'AtiuScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitAbelmoschusmoschatusEnglish:fautia,muskmallow,muskokra;French:ambrette,gombomusqué,ketmiemusquée,grainedemusc;Other:'autetoga,fautagaloa,fuasamasama(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);karereon,karereonnikapweriknik,kareron,likonokon(Chuuk);vavaitara(CookIslands);ta'uri'au(CookIslands(Mangaia));wakiwaki,wakewake,wakeke,vakeke,aukiki,okeoke,o'e'e(Fiji);kamang,ka'mang(Guam);fouingo(Niue),gongul(Palau);metei,mety,methey(Pohnpei);loa,fau'ingo(Tonga);fauingo(WallisandFutuna);hathongethong,kamwayang,nikapwerik,setmwechin,sotumo(Yap)MalvaceaeherbAcaciacrassicarpaEnglish:northernwattle,PapuaNewGuinearedwattleFabaceaetreeAcaciamangiumEnglish:mangium,brownsalwood,blackwattle,hickorywattle;Other:ākasia(CookIslands);tuhkehnpwelmwahu(Pohnpei)FabaceaetreeAdenantherapavoninaEnglish:coralbeantree,redsandalwoodtree,redbeadtree,lopa,beadtree,falsewiliwili,peacockflower-fence,Polynesianpeanut;French:boisdecondori;Other:lopa(AmericanSamoa,FenchPolynesia,SamoaandTonga);matakōviriviri(CookIslands);kōviriviri,tavara(CookIslands(Mangaia));pitipiti'ō(CookIslands('Atiu));lera,lerendamu,vaivai,vaivainivavalangi(Fiji),pomea(Fiji,Niue),la'aupaina,pitipitio(FrenchPolynesia);colales,culalis,kolales,kulales,kulalis(Guam,CNMI);hua'ula'ula(Hawai'i);(metekam,metkam,metkem,mwetkwem(Kosrae);telengtúngd,telentundalel(Palau);kaikes(Pohnpei)FabaceaetreeAleuritesmoluccanaEnglish:candlenut,Indianwalnut;French:bancoulier,bancoulier,noyerdebancoul,noyerdesMoluques;Other:lumbang(Guam),raguar(CarolineIslands);sakan,shakan(Pohnpei);lama(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kukui(Hawai'i);tuitui(CookIslands,Niue,Tonga),'ama(Marquesas);lauci,lauthe,lauthi,toto,tuitui,tutui,waiwai,sekeci,sikethi,sikeli,nggerenggere(Fiji);tahiitiairi,ti'a'iri,tutui,tahiri(FrenchPolynesia)EuphorbiaceaetreeAllamandacatharticaEnglish:yellowtrumpetvine,goldentrumpet,allamanda,brownbudallamanda,goldenallamanda,goldencup;French:monettejaune,li'anes'aime;Other:puataunofo(AmericanSamoaandSamoa),tiarerengarenga,pua(CookIslands);lani-ali'i(Hawai'i)Apocynaceaeshrub*AlpiniapurpurataEnglish:redginger;Other:kōpīmuramura(CookIslands);thevunga(Fiji);'awapuhi'ula'ula(Hawai'i);teuila(Samoa);tevunga(Tonga)ZingiberaceaeherbAnacardiumoccidentaleEnglish:cashew,cashewnut;French:anacardier,pommedecojou,acajouapommes,pommierd'acajou;Other:kātū(CookIslands);kasoi(Guam);'apu'initia(Samoa);'apu,kesiu(Tonga)Anacardiaceaetree*AnnonamuricataEnglish:soursop,pricklycustardapple;French:corossolier,cacheimantierépineux,cachimanépineux,corossolépineux;Other:kātara'apa(CookIslands);kātara'apapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));naponapotaratara(CookIslands(Aitutaki));saasaf,sasaf(Chuuk);tapotapopapaa(FrenchPolynesia);laguana,laguaná,laguanaha,laguanaba,labuanaha(Guam);sosap(Kosrae);jojaab(MarshallIslands);syasyap(NorthernMarianaIslands),talapofotofoto(Niue),sausab(Palau);sei,sae,trukashai(Pohnpei);sasalapa(Samoa);'apele'initia(Tonga);sausau(Yap)Annonaceaetree*AnnonasquamosaEnglish:sugarapple,sweetsop,custardapple,sugarapple;French:annoneécailleuse,pomme-canelle;Other:tapotapo(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);tapotapoMāori(CookIslands);kātara'apaMāori(CookIslands(Mangaia));naponapoMāori(CookIslands(Aitutaki));atis,ates(Guam);ngelrangebard(Palau),'apelepapalangi,'apeleTonga(Tonga),nameana(Tuvalu)AnnonaceaetreeAnrederacordifoliaEnglish:Madeiravine,mignonettevine,lamb'stails;Other:tāpau(CookIslands('Atiu));'ualahupe(Hawai'i);filikafa(Niue)Basellaceaevine*AntigononleptopusEnglish:Mexicancreeper,mountainrose,Confederatevine,chain-of-love,heartsonachain,love-vine,coralbells,coralvine,queen'sjewels,kadenadeamor,corallita;Other:dilngau(Palau);rohsapoak(Pohnpei)Polygonaceaevine*AsparagussetaceusEnglish:ornamentalasparagus,climbingasparagusfern,plumosa;French:aspergeplumeuse;Other:remu(CookIslands);taupo'ou(Tonga)Liliaceaevine79ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitBambusavulgaris.
English:bamboo;French:bambou;Other:iich(Chuuk);ko'epapa'ā(CookIslands);bitu(Fiji);'ohe(FrenchPolynesia,Hawai'i);'ofe(FrenchPolynesia,Samoa),pi'ao,pi'aopalaoan(GuamandNorthernMarianas-Chamorro);bwai(GuamandNorthernMarianas-Carolinian);bambu(Kosrae);tekaibaba(Kiribati);bae,koba(MarshallIslands);kahopalangi(Niue);pehriensapahn(Pohnpei);bambuu(Palau);'ofeFiti,'ofepapalagi(Samoa);kofe(Tonga,Tuvalu);pitu(Tonga);pampu(Tuvalu);moor(Yap)PoaceaetreeBauhiniamonandraEnglish:orchid-tree,St.
Thomas-tree,Napoleon'splume;flamboyant(Pohnpei),floresmariposa(CNMI);mariposa(Guam);pinkbutterflytree(Fiji);Other:vaepovi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pine(CookIslands(Rarotonga),FrenchPolynesia);pīpī(CookIslands(Aitu));pī(CookIslands(Ma'ukeandMiti'aro));pinefualoloa(Niue)Fabaceaetree*CallisiafragransEnglish:fragrantinchplant,basketplant,spironemaCommelinaceaeherbCalopogoniummucunoidesEnglish:calopo;Other:akankan-guakag(Guam)FabaceaevineCanangaodorataEnglish:perfumetree;French:canangodorant;Other:moso'oi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pwanang,pwuur,pwalang(Chuuk);ylang-ylang,lengileng;(CNMI);mata'oi,mato'oi,moto'oi,(CookIslands,Niue,Tahiti);makasoi,makosoi,makusui,mokohoi,mokosoi(Fiji);moto'i(FrenchPolynesia);ilang-ilang,alang-ilang(Guam,Philippines);lanalana(Hawai'i);ilanlang,ilahnglahng(Kosrae);ilanilan,ilala(MarshallIslands);motoi(Niue);chiráng,irang(Palau);pur-n-wai,pwurenwai,sair-n-wai,seirinwai,seirenwai(Pohnpei);mohoki,mohokoi(Tonga)Annonaceaetree*CarludovicapalmataEnglish:Panamahatplant;French:carludoviquepalmée;Spanish:chidra,palmadesombrero,palmajipijapa,toquilla;Other:Panamā(CookIslands)Cyclanthaceaeshrub*CedrelaodorataEnglish:cigarboxcedar,Mexicancedar,WestIndiancedar,Spanishcedar,Barbadoscedar;French:cèdreacajou,cèdredesbarbares;Spanish:cedrocubano(GalapagosIs.
);Other:sitahina(Tonga)MeliaceaetreeCeibapentandraEnglish:kapok,kapoktree,silk-cottontree,pacae;French:kapokier,capoc,boiscoton;Spanish:ceibo;Other:vavae(AmericanSamoa,Samoa,Niue,Tonga);koton(Chuuk);vavai(CookIslandsandFrenchPolynesia);vavaimama'u,vavaimaori(CookIslands);mama'u(CookIslands(Mangaia,Aitutaki));vauvaunivavalangi,semar(Fiji);algodondeManila,atgodondiManila,algidon,atgidondeManila(Guam);kuhtin,cutin(Kosrae);koatoa,atagodon,bulik,kotin(MarshallIslands);kalngebard,kalngebárd,kerrekarngebard(Palau);cottin,koatun,koatoa(Pohnpei);arughuschel(Saipan),battenigan'ken(Yap);vavaunilokoloko(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)BombacaceaetreeCenchrusechinatusEnglish:burgrass,sand-bur,southernsandbur,MossmanRivergrass(Australia);French:herbeacateaux(Mauritius);Other:tuitui,vaotuitui(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);piripiri(CookIslands);pārango(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));sembulabula(Fiji);piri-piri,pipiri(FrenchPolynesia);mau'ukuku,'ume'alu(Hawai'i);teanti,tekateketeke(Kiribati);cram-cram(NewCaledonia);motievihilago,mosievihilango(Niue);lklk,klklk,lellik,lekelik,liklik,karmwijmwij,karumwij(MarshallIslands);cauit-cauitan(Philippines);hefa(Tonga)PoaceaegrassCentrosemapubescensEnglish:centro,butterfly-pea;French:fleur-languette,poisbtard;Other:piriarero(CookIslands(Miti'aro));pinindola(Fiji)FabaceaeherbClerodendrumbuchananiivar.
fallaxEnglish:redclerodendrum,pagoda-flower;Other:rākautupopoku(CookIslands('Atiu));talufe(Niue);lau'awa(Hawai'i);amo'ula,amo'ule(Tonga)VerbenaceaeshrubCoffeaarabicaEnglish:coffee;French:café,caféierd'Arabie;Spanish:café,cafeto;Other:kaope,kaopeMaori(CookIslands);kove(Fiji);kofe(Fiji,Niue,Samoa),kofi(Tonga);kafe(Marquesas);taofe(Tahiti)RubiaceaetreeCommelinadiffusaEnglish:commelina,dayflower,wanderingJew,spiderwort;Spanish:chiriyuyo;Other:mauku-vai,mauku'oro'enua,maukupuakatoro(CookIslands);semprebiban-damalong(Guam);honohono(Hawai'i);mau'utoga,mau'uTonga(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);mohukuvai,musiematalapulu(Tonga);airorongi,airongorongo,airogorogo,cobulabula,rongomatailevu,thombulambula,matembulambula,drano,duludauwere,ndrano,ndulandauwere,luna,thonggalonggalo(Fiji),ma'apape(FrenchPolynesia)Commelinaceaeherb*CostusspeciosusEnglish:crepeginger,crapeginger,wildginger,Malayginger,canereed;Other:isebsab(Palau)Zingiberaceaeherb*CryptostegiamadagascariensisEnglish:MadagascarrubbervineAsclepiadaceaevine80ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitCynodondactylonEnglish:Bermudagrass,giantBermudagrass,bahamagrass,devil'sgrass,couchgrass,Indiandoab,grama,devilgrass,couchgrass,balamagrass;French:chiendent,petitchiendent,chiendentpied-de-poule;Other:matie(CookIslands);manini,manienie(Hawai'i);motiemolulu(Niue);kambuta,kabuta(Fiji);mosiemolulu(Niue);herbedecouverture(NewCaledonia);pastobermuda,zacatebermuda,gramadulce,gramón,hierbafina,grama-seda,(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)PoaceaegrassCyperusrotundusEnglish:nutgrass,nutsedge,purplenutsedge,cocograss;French:souchetrond,souchetàtubercules,herbeàoignon;Other:mauku'ōniāni,'ōniāni(CookIslands);soronakambani,soranakambani,soronikabani,ivako,malanga,vucesa,motha,vuthesamotha(Fiji);chaguanhumatag(Guam);kili'o'opu,mau'umokae(Hawai'i);temumute(Kiribati);tuteoneon(MarshallIslands);mumuta(Samoa,Tokelau);pakopako(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeDerrismalaccensisEnglish:NewGuineacreeper;Other:'avaniukini(AmericanSamoa);'orapāpua,rakaupapua(CookIslands);nduva,tuva,nduvaniniukini(Fiji);horapapua(FrenchPolynesia);akauniukini(Niue);fuefa'i'ava(Samoa);kavafisi(Tonga)FabaceaevineDieffenbachiaseguineEnglish:dieffenbachia,dumbcane;Other:yalunivavalagi(Fiji)AraceaeherbDigitariaciliarisEnglish:Henry'scrabgrass,smoothcrabgrass,tropicalcrabgrass,largecrabgrass,southerncrabgrass,fingergrass,summergrass;French:digitaireciliée;Other:kukaepua'a(Hawai'i);Saulangi(Niue)PoaceaegrassEleusineindicaEnglish:goosegrass,wiregrass,goosefoot,crow'sfoot,bullgrass;French:pieddepoule;Other:fahitalo,lauta'ata'a,ta'ata'a(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);maukumārōki'aki'a(CookIslands);kavoronaisivi,vorovoroisivi,ghoraya(Fiji);tamamau(FrenchPolynesia),umog(Guam);manienieali'i(Hawaii);mahkwekwe(Kosrae);katejukjuk(MarshallIslands);mosiefahitalo(Niue);deskim,keteketarmalk(Palau);rehtakai(Pohnpei);takataka,takataka'aleala,mohukusiamane(Tonga);teuteute(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)PoaceaegrassEugeniaunifloraEnglish:Surinamcherry,redBrazilcherry;French:cerisiercarré,cerisierdeCayenne;Other:venevene(CookIslands);menemene(CookIslands(Mangaia));kafika,kafikapalangi(Niue),pitanga(Brazil)Myrtaceaeshrub/treeFalcatariamoluccanaEnglish:Moluccaalbizia;Other:tamaligipalagi(AmericanSamoa);'ārapitia(CookIslands);tuhkekerosene,tuhkehnkarisihn(Pohnpei);ukallrangebard(Palau);tamaligipaepae(Samoa)Fabaceaetree*FicuselasticaEnglish:Indiarubbertree,rubberplant;Other:rapa(CookIslands);komunokí(Palau);rapah(Pohnpei);gak'iynigoma(Yap)Moraceaetree*FlemingiastrobiliferaEnglish:luckplant,wildhops;French:sainfoindubengale;Other:besungelaiei(Palau)Fabaceaeshrub*GliricidiasepiumEnglish:motherofcacao,quickstick,Mexicanlilac;Spanish:madredecacaoFabaceaetreeGmelinaarboreaEnglish:gmelina,whiteteak,whitebeech;Spanish:melina;Other:yemane(Fiji,Philippines)Verbenaceaetree*GrevillearobustaEnglish:silkoak,silkyoak,heoak,silveroak,spiderflower;Other:'okakilika,ha'ikuke'oke'o(Hawai'i),oke'(Tonga)Proteaceaetree*HedychiumcoronariumEnglish:whiteginger,butterflylily,gingerlily,garlandflower;Other:teuilapaepae(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tunun,sinser(Chuuk);kōpīteatea,re'ateatea(CookIslands);ndrove,cevugavula,dalasika(Fiji);thevunga(Fiji,Tonga);'awapuhike'oke'o(Hawai'i);sinterpwetepwet(Pohnpei);tolon(Puluwat)Zingiberaceaeherb*HedychiumflavescensEnglish:yellowginger,creamginger;French:longoze;Other:teuila(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kōpīrengarenga,re'arengarenga(CookIslands);opuhirearea(FrenchPolynesia);'awapuhimelemele(Hawai'i)Zingiberaceaeherb*Heliconiaspp.
English:heliconia,parrot's-flower,parrot's-plantain,crabclaw,lobsterclaw;Other:tiarepārata'ito(CookIslands)Heliconiaceaeherb*HemigraphisalternataEnglish:metalleaf;redivy,cemeteryplant(Fiji);Other:suipi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)AcanthaceaeherbHyptispectinataEnglish:combhyptis,combbushmint,mintweed,purpletop;French:faussementhe;Spanish:poleooiso(Galapagos);Other:miritītā(CookIslands('Atiu));tamoleniveikau,tamolinivavalangi,timothinivavalangi,wavuwavu,ndamoli,bentulsia(Fiji);mumutunlahe,mumutunpalaoan,mumutanademelon(Guam);vaomini(Samoa)LamiaceaeherbIndigoferasuffruticosaEnglish:indigo;Other:'initiko(CookIslands);aniles(Guam);'iniko,inikoa,kolu(Hawai'i);la'aumageso(Samoa);'akauveli(Tonga)Fabaceaeshrub81ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabit*JatrophacurcasEnglish:physicnut,purgingnut,Barbadosnut;French:médicinier,pignond'Inde,purghère;Other:tuituipakarangi,pakarani(CookIslands);fiki(CookIslands,Fiji,Tonga);wiriwiri,wiriwirinivavalangi,utonivavalangi,banidakai,mbanindakai,manggele,maqele,ndrala(Fiji);tuba-tuba(Guam);kuku'ihi(Hawai'i),kuikuiPake(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau),laupata(Samoa)EuphorbiaceaeshrubKyllinganemoralisEnglish:whitekyllinga,whiteheadspikesedge,whitewatersedge;Other:neke'enua(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Ngaputoru));chaguanlemae,botoncillo(Guam—Chamorro);kili'o'opu(Hawai'i),ta'ata'a,ta'ata'avilitaliga,matieupo'o,matieTahiti,mo'uupo'onui,mo'uupo'o,tuise(Samoa);pakopako,pakopako'aekuma(Tahiti);tuise(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeLantanacamaraEnglish:lantana;Other:latana(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tātarāmoapapa'ā(CookIslands);tātarāmoa(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);kauboica,kaumboitha,mbonambulumakau,mbonarambulumakau,tokalau,waiwai,lanitana(Fiji);tarataramoa,taratarahamoa(FrenchPolynesia);latoramoa(FrenchPolynesia(Tahiti));lakana,la'aukalakala,lanakana(Ni'ihau),mikinoliahihiu,mikinoliahohono,mikinoliakuku(Hawai'i);rosfonacni(Kosrae);tekaibuaka,tekaibuaja(Kiribati);migiroa(Nauru),landana,rantana,rahndana,tukasuweth(Pohnpei);talatala,talatalatalmoa(Tonga)VerbenaceaeshrubLeucaenaleucocephalaEnglish:leucaena,wildtamarind,leadtree;French:grainesdelin,faux-acacia,fauxmimosa(NewCaledonia);Other:lopaSamoa,fuapepe(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);nītō,mara'inu(CookIslands);vaivai,vaivainivavalangi,vaivaidina,balori(Fiji);atiku(FrenchPolynesia(Marquesas));ipel-ipel(Galapagos);tangantangan,tangan-tangan,talantayan(Guam,CNMI,MarshallIslands);talntangan(CNMI);koahaole,lili-koa,ekoa(Hawai'i);tekaitetua(Kiribati);tuhngantuhngan,rohbohtin(Kosrae);tavahikaku(Niue);pepe(NiueandSamoa);telentund(Palau);lusina(Samoa);sialemohemohe(Tonga);cassis(Vanuatu);ganitnityuwantangantan(Yap);namas(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)Fabaceaetree*LonicerajaponicaEnglish:Japanesehoneysuckle,Hall'shoneysuckle;Other:pitatepapa'ā(CookIslands);mangamangārima(CookIslands(Ma'uke));honekakala(Hawai'i)CaprifoliaceaevineMacroptiliumatropurpureumEnglish:siratro,purplebushbeanFabaceaeherbMeliaazedarachEnglish:Chinaberry,pride-of-India,indianlilac,Persianlilac,whitecedar,margosatree,tira;French:lilasdesIndes,arbreàchapelets;Spanish:jazmin(GalapagosIs.
);Other:tīra(CookIslands);dake,bakain(Fiji),paraiso,para'isu(Guam);'inia,'ilinia(Hawai'i);sili,tili(Niue);lelah(Pohnpei);sita(Tonga);prais(Yap)Meliaceaetree*MelicoccusbijugatusEnglish:SpanishlimeSapindaceaetreeMelinisrepensEnglish:Natalredtop,Natalgrass,redNatalgrass,Holme'sgrass,blanketgrass;French:herbeduNatal,herberose,herbepappangue;tricholène(NewCaledonia);Other:salapona(Tonga)PoaceaegrassMikaniamicranthaEnglish:mile-a-minuteweed,Chinesecreeper,Americanrope,bittervine;French:lianeaméricaine,liane-serpent;Other:fuesaina(AmericanSamoa,SamoaandNiue);pōkutekute(CookIslands('Atiu));wambosuthu,wambosuvu,wambutako,wandamele,ovaova,wabosucu,usuvanua(Fiji);foulaina(Niue),teb'lyas(Palau);kwalokoburu,(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)AsteraceaevineMimosapudicaEnglish:sensitiveplant,sleepinggrass;French:sensitive;Other:la'aufefe,vaofefe,vaotuitui,tuitui(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pikika'a,rākaupikika'a,rākau'avare,rākau'avarevare,tiarepikika'a,tītāpikika'a,rākaupikika(CookIslands);paope'āvare(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));thongandrongandro,thokandrodandro,cogadrogadro(Fiji);poheha'avare,popeha'avare(FrenchPolynesia);betguensosa(Guam);puahilahila(Hawai'i);memege(Niue);mechiuaiu(Palau);limemeihr(Pohnpei);mateloi(Tonga)Fabaceaeherb*MurrayapaniculataEnglish:orangejessamine,satin-wood,Chinesebox,Hawaiianmockorange;Other:tiare'ānani(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia)Rutaceaeshrub/treeNymphaeaspp.
English:waterlily;Other:ririvai(CookIslands)NymphaeaceaeherbOcimumgratissimumEnglish:wildbasil,clovebasil,treebasil;French:basilic,menthegabonaise;Other:miritītā,miritūtaepuaka,miringanga'ere,miritūpāpaku(CookIslands);miripapa'ā,miritaratoni(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);la'ausauga(Samoa)LamiaceaeherbOperculinaventricosaEnglish:paperrose,St.
Thomaslidpod;Other:alalag(Guam);palulu(Samoa);fuehina(Tonga)Convolvulaceaevine82ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitPanicummaximumEnglish:Guineagrass,greenpanic,buffalograss;French:herbedeGuinéa,panicélevé,capimeguiné,fataque;Other:vaokini(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tinikarāti(CookIslands);talapi(CookIslands(Ma'uke);saafa(Tonga)PoaceaegrassPaspalumconjugatumEnglish:Tgrass,tigrass,sourgrass;sourpalpalum,buffalograss,carabaograss,Hilograss(Hawai'i);French:herbesure,herbecréole;herbedetauère(NewCaledonia);Other:vaolima,(AmericanSamoa,Samoa,Tonga,Niue);fetinwumwune(Chuuk);maukutaravao,maukukatini(CookIslands);mau'uHilo(Hawai'i),muhsrasre(Kosrae);moisevaolima,motievaolima(NiueandTonga);udelrangebei(Palau);rehnwai(Pohnpei);vaolimamatafao,vaolimapapalagi(Samoa)PoaceaegrassPaspalumorbiculareEnglish:ricegrass;creepingpaspalum,ditchmillet,Indianpaspalum,kodomillet,watercouch;Spanish:mijokoda;Other:mātā(CookIslands);codurulevu,thondurulevu,thondina,thonindina(Fiji);karasi(SolomonIslands)PoaceaegrassPaspalumpaniculatumEnglish:Russellrivergrass,galmarragrass;Other:matiemanutai(CookIslands);taravao'uru'uru(CookIslands(Mangaia))PoaceaegrassPassifloraedulisEnglish:passionfruit,yellowpassionfruit,purplepassionfruit,qarandila,purplegranadilla;French:grenadille;Spanish:maracuya(GalapagosIs.
);Other:pārapōutinipapa'ā(CookIslands);ka'atenepapa'ā,katingapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));liliko'i(Hawai'i),pompom(Pohnpei);pasio(Samoa);vaine(Tonga)PassifloraceaevinePassifloramaliformisEnglish:hard-shelledpassionfruit,sweetcalabash,sweetcup;French:pommecalabas;Other:pārapōutini'enua,pārapōutiniMaori(CookIslands);ka'ateneMaori,katingaMaori(CookIslands(Mangaia));pasio(Samoa),vainekai(Tonga)Passifloraceaevine*PassifloraquadrangularisEnglish:granadilla,giantgranadilla;French:barbadine;Spanish:badea(GalapagosIs.
);Other:papatini,pārapōtini,pārapōtinimaata(CookIslands);kūkuma(CookIslands('Atiu));maratini(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Miti'aro));parapautini(FrenchPolynesia);palasini,palatini,vinefualalahi,vinepalasini,tinitini(Niue);kudamono(Palau);pasio(Samoa);pasione(Tonga)PassifloraceaevinePassiflorarubraEnglish:redpassionfruit,Dutchman'slaudanum;Other:pōkutekute(CookIslands('Atiu))PassifloraceaevinePennisetumpurpureumEnglish:elephantgrass,napiergrass,merkergrass;French:herbeéléphant,faussecanneàsucre;Spanish:pastoelefante;Other:'erepani(CookIslands('Atiu));acfucsracsracsr(Kosrae);bokso(Palau);puk-soh(Pohnpei);vaobovi(Samoa)Poaceaegrass*PimentaracemosaEnglish:baytree,bayrumtree,bayoiltree,malagueta;Other:sinamoni(Tonga)MyrtaceaetreePinuscaribaeaEnglish:Caribbeanpine,Bahamaspine;Other:painapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));paina(Samoa);paini(Tonga)PinaceaetreePsidiumcattleianumEnglish:strawberryguava,cherryguava,Cattleyguava,Chineseguava;French:goyavierdeChine;Other:tūavapapa'ā(CookIslands);ngguava(Fiji),tuavatinito,tuvavatinito(FrenchPolynesia);waiawi'ula'ula(Hawai'i);kuahpa(Pohnpei);ku'ava(Samoa)MyrtaceaetreePsidiumguajavaEnglish:guava;French:goyavier;Spanish:guayaba,guayabo;Other:ku'ava(AmericanSamoa,Tonga,Tuvalu,Fiji,Samoa);kuafa(Chuuk);tūava,tūvava(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);quwawa,nguava,ngguavaniIndia,amrut(Fiji);tumutuava(FrenchPolynesia);abasguayaba(Galapagos);abas(Guam,Saipan-Chamorro,Yap);kuawa,kuawake'oke'o,kuawalemi,kuawamomona,pauwa(Hawai'i);kuhfahfah(Kosrae);tekuava,tekuawa(Kiribati);kuwawa(Nauru);kautoga,kautonga,kautogatane,kautongatane(Niue);guabang,kuabang(Palau);guahva,kuahpa(Pohnpei);apas(Saipan);abwas(Saipan-Carolinian)MyrtaceaetreePuerariaphaseoloidesEnglish:tropicalkudzu,puero;Other:kūkū(CookIslands('Aitu))FabaceaevineRicinuscommunisEnglish:castorbean,castor-oilplant;French:ricin;Spanish:higuerilla;Other:lamapalagi,lamapapalagi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tuituipapa'ā(CookIslands);mbelenivavalagi,totonivavalagi,utouto(Fiji);agaliya(Guam);koli,pa'aila,ka'apeha,kamakou,la'au,'aila(Hawai'i);tuitui,tuituifuaikiiki(Niue);gelug,maskerekur,uluchulaskoki(Palau);lepo,lepohina(Tonga)EuphorbiaceaeshrubRuelliaprostrataEnglish:blackweed,bellweed;Other:vaouli(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tītā'aruru(CookIslands(Miti'aro));vaoelefane(Samoa)Acanthaceaeherb*SambucusmexicanaEnglish:elderberry,MexicanelderCaprifoliaceaesmalltree*SancheziaparvibracteataEnglish:sancheziaAcanthaceaeshrub83ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabit*SansevieriatrifasciataEnglish:bowstringhemp,mother-in-law'stongue;French:chanvred'Afrique;Other:riri(CookIslands);tigre(Guam),kitelel(Palau)Agavaceaeherb*ScindapsusaureusEnglish:pothos,moneyplant;Other:'ara(CookIslands(Ma'uke));yalu,wayalu,walu,halu,waloa,matha,nanggalanggala,nanggalinggali,tonga,tanga(Fiji);alu(Fiji,Tonga)Araceaevine*SennasiameaEnglish:cassodtree,kassodtree,Siamesecassia,pheasantwood,Thailandshower;French:boisperdrix;Other:kasia(Tonga)FabaceaetreeSetariapumilaEnglish:foxtail,gardenbristlegrass,hairy-tailgrass,yellowbristlegrass,Queenslandpigeongrass(Australia),cat'stailgrass(Fiji);French:sétaireglauquePoaceaegrass*SolanumcapsicoidesEnglish:cockroachberry,devil'sapple,sodaapple;Other:poro'ititaratara(CookIslands);kikaniakei,akaaka,akaka(Hawai'i)SolanaceaeherbSpathodeacampanulataEnglish:Africantuliptree,fireball,fountaintree;French:tulipierduGabon,pisse-pisse;Spanish:tulipanafricano;Other:kō'ī'ī,mimi,pātītīvaipatitivai,pititivai(CookIslands);matakō'ī'īko'i'i(CookIslands(Mangaia));apr(CNMI);tagamimi(Fiji);orsachelkui(Palau);tuhkedulip(Pohnpei);fa'apasi(Samoa);tiulipe(Tonga);rarningobchey(Yap)BignoniaceaetreeStachytarphetacayennensisEnglish:bluerat'stail,dark-bluesnakeweed,falseverbena,nettleleafvelvetberry;French:herbebleue;Other:ouchung,sakura(Chuuk),tiāki(CookIslands(Miti'aro));louchbeluu(Palau);mautofutai,mautofuvao,matofufualanumoana(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);teuti(Kiribati);mautofuSamoa,motofuSamoa(Niue);hiku'ikuma,hiku'kuma,'iku'ikuma,iku'ikuma(Tonga);turulakaka,tumbutumbu,serakawa,lavenia,sekarakarawa(Fiji)VerbenaceaeherbStylosanthesguianensisEnglish:stylo,Brazilianlucerne,tropicallucerne,Nigerianstylo;Other:maukupuakatoro(CookIslands('Atiu))FabaceaeherbSyngoniumangustatumEnglish:arrowheadplant,goosefootplantAraceaevineSyzygiumcuminiEnglish:Javaplum;jambolanplum;French:faux-pistachier,jamelonguier,jamélongue,jambolanier;Other:pistati,ka'ika(CookIslands);paramu(CookIslands(Aitutaki);duhat(Guam);mesegerak,mesekerrak,mesekerrák,mesigerak(Palau);jamelonguier(NewCaledonia);kavikaniIndia,jammun(Fiji)MyrtaceaetreeSyzygiumjambosEnglish:malabarplum,roseapple,Malayapple;French:jambosier,pomme-rose,pommierrose;Spanish:pomarosa;Other:ka'ikapapa'ā(CookIslandsexceptMa'uke),ka'ikatakataka(CookIslands);ka'ikavarani(CookIslands(Mangaia));ka'ika(CookIslands('Atiu));kavika,kavikanivavalangi,kavikaniIndia(Fiji),ahi'apapa'a,ahi'apopa'a(FrenchPolynesia),'ohi'aloke(Hawai'i);iouenwai,youenwai,apelenwai(Pohnpei);seaseapapalagi(Samoa);fekikapapalangi(Tonga)MyrtaceaetreeTecomastansEnglish:yellowbells,yellow-elder,yellowtrumpetbush;Other:tekoma(CookIslands);piti(FrenchPolynesia,Tonga);peeal(Puluwat)BignoniaceaesmalltreeTephrosiacandidaEnglish:whitetephrosia,whitehoary-pea;Frenchindigosauvage,indigoblancFabaceaeshrubTithoniadiversifoliaEnglish:treemarigold,shrubsunflower,Mexicansunflower,Japanesesunflower;Other:puarenga(CookIslands);tiarerengarenga(CookIslands(Aitutaki));kavakava,puarenga(CookIslands(Ma'uke));matala(Niue)Asteraceaeshrub*TradescantiaspathaceaEnglish:oysterplant,boatplant,boatlily,mosesinaboat;Other:ririmangio(CookIslands(Ma'uke));ririraei(CookIslands(Miti'aro));talotalo,laupapaki(Niue);fainakula(Tonga)CommelinaceaeherbTriumfettarhomboideaEnglish:Chineseburr,paroquetburr,burrbush;Other:manutofu,mautofu,mautofuvao(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);vavaitaratītā(CookIslands);piripiri(CookIslands(Aitutaki));qatima(Fiji),urio(FrenchPolynesia);dadangsi,masiksiklahe(Guam);mosipo(Niue);mo'osipo(Tonga)TiliaceaeshrubUrenalobataEnglish:hibiscusburr,aramina,caesarweed,pinkChineseburr,urenaburr,burmallow;French:juteafricain,cousinurène;Other:mautofu(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);nognuk,ocher(Chuuk);qatima,gataya,nggatima(Fiji);vavaitaratītā(CookIslands(Ma'uke));piripiri(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);dadangsi,dadangsiapaka,dadangsimachingat,dádangse(Guam);motipo,mosipo(Niue);chosuchedekui,osuchedarechui(Palau);karap,korop(Pohnpei);mo'osipoTonga(Tonga)Malvaceaeshrub*WedeliatrilobataEnglish:wedelia,trailingdaisy,Singaporedaisy,creepingox-eye;Other:ngesilrangebard(Palau);dihpwongohng,tuhkeongohng(Pohnpei);rosrangrang(Kosrae);utmkadkad,uttelia(MarshallIslands);atiat(Puluwat);ate(Tonga)Asteraceaeherb*Onlyseenorreportedtobeincultivation84Appendix7.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonMangaiaScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitAbelmoschusmoschatusEnglish:fautia,muskmallow,muskokra;French:ambrette,gombomusqué,ketmiemusquée,grainedemusc;Other:'autetoga,fautagaloa,fuasamasama(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);karereon,karereonnikapweriknik,kareron,likonokon(Chuuk);vavaitara(CookIslands);ta'uri'au(CookIslands(Mangaia));wakiwaki,wakewake,wakeke,vakeke,aukiki,okeoke,o'e'e(Fiji);kamang,ka'mang(Guam);fouingo(Niue),gongul(Palau);metei,mety,methey(Pohnpei);loa,fau'ingo(Tonga);fauingo(WallisandFutuna);hathongethong,kamwayang,nikapwerik,setmwechin,sotumo(Yap)MalvaceaeherbAcaciaaulacocarpaEnglish:brownsalwood,brushironbarkwattle,hickorywattleFabaceaetreeAcaciaauriculiformisEnglish:Papuanwattle,auri,earleafacacia,northernblackwattle,ear-podwattle;Other:ākasia(CookIslands);tuhkehnpwelmwahu(Pohnpei)FabaceaetreeAcaciacrassicarpaEnglish:northernwattle,PapuaNewGuinearedwattleFabaceaetreeAcaciamangiumEnglish:mangium,brownsalwood,blackwattle,hickorywattle;Other:ākasia(CookIslands);tuhkehnpwelmwahu(Pohnpei)FabaceaetreeAdenantherapavoninaEnglish:coralbeantree,redsandalwoodtree,redbeadtree,lopa,beadtree,falsewiliwili,peacockflower-fence,Polynesianpeanut;French:boisdecondori;Other:lopa(AmericanSamoa,FenchPolynesia,SamoaandTonga);matakōviriviri(CookIslands);kōviriviri,tavara(CookIslands(Mangaia));pitipiti'ō(CookIslands('Atiu));lera,lerendamu,vaivai,vaivainivavalangi(Fiji),pomea(Fiji,Niue),la'aupaina,pitipitio(FrenchPolynesia);colales,culalis,kolales,kulales,kulalis(Guam,CNMI);hua'ula'ula(Hawai'i);(metekam,metkam,metkem,mwetkwem(Kosrae);telengtúngd,telentundalel(Palau);kaikes(Pohnpei)FabaceaetreeAleuritesmoluccanaEnglish:candlenut,Indianwalnut;French:bancoulier,bancoulier,noyerdebancoul,noyerdesMoluques;Other:lumbang(Guam),raguar(CarolineIslands);sakan,shakan(Pohnpei);lama(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kukui(Hawai'i);tuitui(CookIslands,Niue,Tonga),'ama(Marquesas);lauci,lauthe,lauthi,toto,tuitui,tutui,waiwai,sekeci,sikethi,sikeli,nggerenggere(Fiji);tahiitiairi,ti'a'iri,tutui,tahiri(FrenchPolynesia)Euphorbiaceaetree*AllamandacatharticaEnglish:yellowtrumpetvine,goldentrumpet,allamanda,brownbudallamanda,goldenallamanda,goldencup;French:monettejaune,li'anes'aime;Other:puataunofo(AmericanSamoaandSamoa),tiarerengarenga,pua(CookIslands);lani-ali'i(Hawai'i)Apocynaceaeshrub*AnacardiumoccidentaleEnglish:cashew,cashewnut;French:anacardier,pommedecojou,acajouapommes,pommierd'acajou;Other:kātū(CookIslands);kasoi(Guam);'apu'initia(Samoa);'apu,kesiu(Tonga)Anacardiaceaetree*AnnonamuricataEnglish:soursop,pricklycustardapple;French:corossolier,cacheimantierépineux,cachimanépineux,corossolépineux;Other:kātara'apa(CookIslands);kātara'apapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));naponapotaratara(CookIslands(Aitutaki));saasaf,sasaf(Chuuk);tapotapopapaa(FrenchPolynesia);laguana,laguaná,laguanaha,laguanaba,labuanaha(Guam);sosap(Kosrae);jojaab(MarshallIslands);syasyap(NorthernMarianaIslands),talapofotofoto(Niue),sausab(Palau);sei,sae,trukashai(Pohnpei);sasalapa(Samoa);'apele'initia(Tonga);sausau(Yap)Annonaceaetree*AnnonasquamosaEnglish:sugarapple,sweetsop,custardapple,sugarapple;French:annoneécailleuse,pomme-canelle;Other:tapotapo(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);tapotapoMāori(CookIslands);kātara'apaMāori(CookIslands(Mangaia));naponapoMāori(CookIslands(Aitutaki));atis,ates(Guam);ngelrangebard(Palau),'apelepapalangi,'apeleTonga(Tonga),nameana(Tuvalu)AnnonaceaetreeAnrederacordifoliaEnglish:Madeiravine,mignonettevine,lamb'stails;Other:tāpau(CookIslands('Atiu));'ualahupe(Hawai'i);filikafa(Niue)BasellaceaevineArdisiaellipticaEnglish:shoebuttonardisia;Other:venevenetinitō(CookIslands);atipopa'a,atiu(FrenchPolynesia);togovao(Samoa)MyrsinaceaeshrubAristolochialittoralisEnglish:Dutchman'spipe,calicoflower;Other:mokorā(CookIslands);fuepaipaholani(Tonga)AristolochiaceaevineAsparagussetaceusEnglish:ornamentalasparagus,climbingasparagusfern,plumosa;French:aspergeplumeuse;Other:remu(CookIslands);taupo'ou(Tonga)LiliaceaevineAzollafiliculataEnglish:mosquitofernAzollaceaefern85ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitBambusavulgaris.
English:bamboo;French:bambou;Other:iich(Chuuk);ko'epapa'ā(CookIslands);bitu(Fiji);'ohe(FrenchPolynesia,Hawai'i);'ofe(FrenchPolynesia,Samoa),pi'ao,pi'aopalaoan(GuamandNorthernMarianas-Chamorro);bwai(GuamandNorthernMarianas-Carolinian);bambu(Kosrae);tekaibaba(Kiribati);bae,koba(MarshallIslands);kahopalangi(Niue);pehriensapahn(Pohnpei);bambuu(Palau);'ofeFiti,'ofepapalagi(Samoa);kofe(Tonga,Tuvalu);pitu(Tonga);pampu(Tuvalu);moor(Yap)PoaceaetreeBauhiniamonandraEnglish:orchid-tree,St.
Thomas-tree,Napoleon'splume;flamboyant(Pohnpei),floresmariposa(CNMI);mariposa(Guam);pinkbutterflytree(Fiji);Other:vaepovi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pine(CookIslands(Rarotonga),FrenchPolynesia);pīpī(CookIslands(Aitu));pī(CookIslands(Ma'ukeandMiti'aro));pinefualoloa(Niue)FabaceaetreeBryophyllumpinnatumEnglish:lifeplant,airplant,resurrectionplant,Canterburybells,cathedralbells,Mexicanloveplant;Spanish:hojadelaire;Other:ngāngā'eretoka(CookIslands);bulatawamudu(Fiji);'oliwakukahakai(Hawai'i);teang(Kiribati);kibilia(MarshallIslands);tupuhelau,tupunoa(Niue);pagi(Samoa);pipivao(Tonga)CrassulaceaeherbCanangaodorataEnglish:perfumetree;French:canangodorant;Other:moso'oi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pwanang,pwuur,pwalang(Chuuk);ylang-ylang,lengileng;(CNMI);mata'oi,mato'oi,moto'oi,(CookIslands,Niue,Tahiti);makasoi,makosoi,makusui,mokohoi,mokosoi(Fiji);moto'i(FrenchPolynesia);ilang-ilang,alang-ilang(Guam,Philippines);lanalana(Hawai'i);ilanlang,ilahnglahng(Kosrae);ilanilan,ilala(MarshallIslands);motoi(Niue);chiráng,irang(Palau);pur-n-wai,pwurenwai,sair-n-wai,seirinwai,seirenwai(Pohnpei);mohoki,mohokoi(Tonga)AnnonaceaetreeCenchrusechinatusEnglish:burgrass,sand-bur,southernsandbur,MossmanRivergrass(Australia);French:herbeacateaux(Mauritius);Other:tuitui,vaotuitui(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);piripiri(CookIslands);pārango(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));sembulabula(Fiji);piri-piri,pipiri(FrenchPolynesia);mau'ukuku,'ume'alu(Hawai'i);teanti,tekateketeke(Kiribati);cram-cram(NewCaledonia);motievihilago,mosievihilango(Niue);lklk,klklk,lellik,lekelik,liklik,karmwijmwij,karumwij(MarshallIslands);cauit-cauitan(Philippines);hefa(Tonga)PoaceaegrassCentrosemapubescensEnglish:centro,butterfly-pea;French:fleur-languette,poisbtard;Other:piriarero(CookIslands(Miti'aro));pinindola(Fiji)FabaceaeherbCestrumdiurnumEnglish:inkberry,dayjessamine,daycestrum,Chinaberry;Other:ariki-va'ine(CookIslands);thauthau(Fiji);tinta'n-China,tentanchinu,tintanChina(Guam,CNMI);makahala(Hawai'i);sugivao,sunivao(Samoa);vaitohi(Tonga)SolanaceaeshrubCestrumnocturnumEnglish:night-floweringcestrum,night-floweringjasmine,queen(orlady)ofthenight;Other:teineolepo,ali'iolepo(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tiareariki-va'ine,ariki-va'ine(CookIslands);thauthau,thauthaunimbongi,kara(Fiji);dama-de-noche(Guam);'alaaumoe,kupaoa,onaonaIapana(Hawai'i);jooulruawa(MarshallIslands);ikihepo(Niue);lakaupo'uli(Tonga)SolanaceaeshrubClerodendrumbuchananiivar.
fallaxEnglish:redclerodendrum,pagoda-flower;Other:rākautupopoku(CookIslands('Atiu));talufe(Niue);lau'awa(Hawai'i);amo'ula,amo'ule(Tonga)VerbenaceaeshrubCoffeaarabicaEnglish:coffee;French:café,caféierd'Arabie;Spanish:café,cafeto;Other:kaope,kaopeMaori(CookIslands);kove(Fiji);kofe(Fiji,Niue,Samoa),kofi(Tonga);kafe(Marquesas);taofe(Tahiti)RubiaceaetreeCommelinadiffusaEnglish:commelina,dayflower,wanderingJew,spiderwort;Spanish:chiriyuyo;Other:mauku-vai,mauku'oro'enua,maukupuakatoro(CookIslands);semprebiban-damalong(Guam);honohono(Hawai'i);mau'utoga,mau'uTonga(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);mohukuvai,musiematalapulu(Tonga);airorongi,airongorongo,airogorogo,cobulabula,rongomatailevu,thombulambula,matembulambula,drano,duludauwere,ndrano,ndulandauwere,luna,thonggalonggalo(Fiji),ma'apape(FrenchPolynesia)CommelinaceaeherbCrotalariamicansEnglish:crotalaria;Other:pinekotalelia,pile(Niue)Fabaceaeshrub*CryptostegiamadagascariensisEnglish:MadagascarrubbervineAsclepiadaceaevineCuscutacampestrisEnglish:goldendodder,fielddodder,five-angleddodder;Other:tiaea(CookIslands(Mangaia));navereverelangi,wavereverelangi,walawala,wambosuthu,wandanga,watikaivu,ndithangi(Fiji)Convolvulaceaevine86ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitCynodondactylonEnglish:Bermudagrass,giantBermudagrass,bahamagrass,devil'sgrass,couchgrass,Indiandoab,grama,devilgrass,couchgrass,balamagrass;French:chiendent,petitchiendent,chiendentpied-de-poule;Other:matie(CookIslands);manini,manienie(Hawai'i);motiemolulu(Niue);kambuta,kabuta(Fiji);mosiemolulu(Niue);herbedecouverture(NewCaledonia);pastobermuda,zacatebermuda,gramadulce,gramón,hierbafina,grama-seda,(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)PoaceaegrassCyperusrotundusEnglish:nutgrass,nutsedge,purplenutsedge,cocograss;French:souchetrond,souchetàtubercules,herbeàoignon;Other:mauku'ōniāni,'ōniāni(CookIslands);soronakambani,soranakambani,soronikabani,ivako,malanga,vucesa,motha,vuthesamotha(Fiji);chaguanhumatag(Guam);kili'o'opu,mau'umokae(Hawai'i);temumute(Kiribati);tuteoneon(MarshallIslands);mumuta(Samoa,Tokelau);pakopako(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeDerrismalaccensisEnglish:NewGuineacreeper;Other:'avaniukini(AmericanSamoa);'orapāpua,rakaupapua(CookIslands);nduva,tuva,nduvaniniukini(Fiji);horapapua(FrenchPolynesia);akauniukini(Niue);fuefa'i'ava(Samoa);kavafisi(Tonga)FabaceaevineDesmodiumtortuosumEnglish:Floridabeggarweed,Spanishclover,dixieticktrefoilFabaceaeherb*DieffenbachiaseguineEnglish:dieffenbachia,dumbcane;Other:yalunivavalagi(Fiji)AraceaeherbDigitariaciliarisEnglish:Henry'scrabgrass,smoothcrabgrass,tropicalcrabgrass,largecrabgrass,southerncrabgrass,fingergrass,summergrass;French:digitaireciliée;Other:kukaepua'a(Hawai'i);Saulangi(Niue)PoaceaegrassEichhorniacrassipesEnglish:waterhyacinth;French:jacinthed'eau;Other:ririvai(CookIslands(Mangaia));mbekambekairanga,ndambendambeninga,jalkhumbe,bekabekairaga,dabedabenega,jalkhumbe(Fiji);bungelralm(Palau)PontederiaceaeaquaticherbEleusineindicaEnglish:goosegrass,wiregrass,goosefoot,crow'sfoot,bullgrass;French:pieddepoule;Other:fahitalo,lauta'ata'a,ta'ata'a(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);maukumārōki'aki'a(CookIslands);kavoronaisivi,vorovoroisivi,ghoraya(Fiji);tamamau(FrenchPolynesia),umog(Guam);manienieali'i(Hawaii);mahkwekwe(Kosrae);katejukjuk(MarshallIslands);mosiefahitalo(Niue);deskim,keteketarmalk(Palau);rehtakai(Pohnpei);takataka,takataka'aleala,mohukusiamane(Tonga);teuteute(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)PoaceaegrassEugeniaunifloraEnglish:Surinamcherry,redBrazilcherry;French:cerisiercarré,cerisierdeCayenne;Other:venevene(CookIslands);menemene(CookIslands(Mangaia));kafika,kafikapalangi(Niue),pitanga(Brazil)Myrtaceaeshrub/treeFalcatariamoluccanaEnglish:Moluccaalbizia;Other:tamaligipalagi(AmericanSamoa);'ārapitia(CookIslands);tuhkekerosene,tuhkehnkarisihn(Pohnpei);ukallrangebard(Palau);tamaligipaepae(Samoa)FabaceaetreeFlacourtiajangomasEnglish:Indian-plum,runeala-plum;French:prunierd'Inde;Spanish:ciruelaforasteraFlacourtiaceaetreeFlemingiamacrophyllaFabaceaetreeFurcraeafoetidaEnglish:Mauritiushemp,sisal,maguey,giantcabuya;French:aloèsvert,chanvredeMaurice;Other:piāni,rōpiāni(CookIslands);malina(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau));toua(Niue);faumalila,faumalila(Tonga)Agavaceaesucculent*GliricidiasepiumEnglish:motherofcacao,quickstick,Mexicanlilac;Spanish:madredecacaoFabaceaetreeGomphocarpusphysocarpusEnglish:balloonplant,bladderbushAsclepiadaceaeshrub*GrevillearobustaEnglish:silkoak,silkyoak,heoak,silveroak,spiderflower;Other:'okakilika,ha'ikuke'oke'o(Hawai'i),oke'(Tonga)Proteaceaetree*HedychiumcoronariumEnglish:whiteginger,butterflylily,gingerlily,garlandflower;Other:teuilapaepae(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tunun,sinser(Chuuk);kōpīteatea,re'ateatea(CookIslands);ndrove,cevugavula,dalasika(Fiji);thevunga(Fiji,Tonga);'awapuhike'oke'o(Hawai'i);sinterpwetepwet(Pohnpei);tolon(Puluwat)Zingiberaceaeherb*HedychiumflavescensEnglish:yellowginger,creamginger;French:longoze;Other:teuila(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kōpīrengarenga,re'arengarenga(CookIslands);opuhirearea(FrenchPolynesia);'awapuhimelemele(Hawai'i)Zingiberaceaeherb*HedychiumgardnerianumEnglish:kahiliginger;Other:kōpī(CookIslands);cevugadromodromo(Fiji);kahili,'awapuhikahili(Hawai'i);sinterweitahta(Pohnpei)Zingiberaceaeherb*HemigraphisalternataEnglish:metalleaf;redivy,cemeteryplant(Fiji);Other:suipi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)AcanthaceaeherbHippobromalongifloraEnglish:starofBethlehem,fetia,madamfate;Other:puahōkū(Hawai'i)Campanulaceaeherb87ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitHyptispectinataEnglish:combhyptis,combbushmint,mintweed,purpletop;French:faussementhe;Spanish:poleooiso(Galapagos);Other:miritītā(CookIslands('Atiu));tamoleniveikau,tamolinivavalangi,timothinivavalangi,wavuwavu,ndamoli,bentulsia(Fiji);mumutunlahe,mumutunpalaoan,mumutanademelon(Guam);vaomini(Samoa)LamiaceaeherbIndigoferasuffruticosaEnglish:indigo;Other:'initiko(CookIslands);aniles(Guam);'iniko,inikoa,kolu(Hawai'i);la'aumageso(Samoa);'akauveli(Tonga)FabaceaeshrubKyllingabrevifoliaEnglish:greenkyllinga,greenwatersedge;Other:tumu'enua(CookIslands(Ma'uke));kili'o'opu,kaluha,manunene,mau'umokae(Hawai'i);tuise(Samoa);pakopako(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeKyllinganemoralisEnglish:whitekyllinga,whiteheadspikesedge,whitewatersedge;Other:neke'enua(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Ngaputoru));chaguanlemae,botoncillo(Guam—Chamorro);kili'o'opu(Hawai'i),ta'ata'a,ta'ata'avilitaliga,matieupo'o,matieTahiti,mo'uupo'onui,mo'uupo'o,tuise(Samoa);pakopako,pakopako'aekuma(Tahiti);tuise(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeLeonurusjaponicusEnglish:lion'stail,Chinesemotherwort;Other:vavaitara(CookIslands(Miti'aro)LamiaceaeherbLeucaenaleucocephalaEnglish:leucaena,wildtamarind,leadtree;French:grainesdelin,faux-acacia,fauxmimosa(NewCaledonia);Other:lopaSamoa,fuapepe(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);nītō,mara'inu(CookIslands);vaivai,vaivainivavalangi,vaivaidina,balori(Fiji);atiku(FrenchPolynesia(Marquesas));ipel-ipel(Galapagos);tangantangan,tangan-tangan,talantayan(Guam,CNMI,MarshallIslands);talntangan(CNMI);koahaole,lili-koa,ekoa(Hawai'i);tekaitetua(Kiribati);tuhngantuhngan,rohbohtin(Kosrae);tavahikaku(Niue);pepe(NiueandSamoa);telentund(Palau);lusina(Samoa);sialemohemohe(Tonga);cassis(Vanuatu);ganitnityuwantangantan(Yap);namas(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)Fabaceaetree*LonicerajaponicaEnglish:Japanesehoneysuckle,Hall'shoneysuckle;Other:pitatepapa'ā(CookIslands);mangamangārima(CookIslands(Ma'uke));honekakala(Hawai'i)CaprifoliaceaevineMeliaazedarachEnglish:Chinaberry,pride-of-India,indianlilac,Persianlilac,whitecedar,margosatree,tira;French:lilasdesIndes,arbreàchapelets;Spanish:jazmin(GalapagosIs.
);Other:tīra(CookIslands);dake,bakain(Fiji),paraiso,para'isu(Guam);'inia,'ilinia(Hawai'i);sili,tili(Niue);lelah(Pohnpei);sita(Tonga);prais(Yap)MeliaceaetreeMelinisrepensEnglish:Natalredtop,Natalgrass,redNatalgrass,Holme'sgrass,blanketgrass;French:herbeduNatal,herberose,herbepappangue;tricholène(NewCaledonia);Other:salapona(Tonga)PoaceaegrassMimosapudicaEnglish:sensitiveplant,sleepinggrass;French:sensitive;Other:la'aufefe,vaofefe,vaotuitui,tuitui(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pikika'a,rākaupikika'a,rākau'avare,rākau'avarevare,tiarepikika'a,tītāpikika'a,rākaupikika(CookIslands);paope'āvare(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));thongandrongandro,thokandrodandro,cogadrogadro(Fiji);poheha'avare,popeha'avare(FrenchPolynesia);betguensosa(Guam);puahilahila(Hawai'i);memege(Niue);mechiuaiu(Palau);limemeihr(Pohnpei);mateloi(Tonga)Fabaceaeherb*MurrayapaniculataEnglish:orangejessamine,satin-wood,Chinesebox,Hawaiianmockorange;Other:tiare'ānani(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia)Rutaceaeshrub/treeNymphaeaspp.
English:waterlily;Other:ririvai(CookIslands)NymphaeaceaeherbOcimumgratissimumEnglish:wildbasil,clovebasil,treebasil;French:basilic,menthegabonaise;Other:miritītā,miritūtaepuaka,miringanga'ere,miritūpāpaku(CookIslands);miripapa'ā,miritaratoni(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);la'ausauga(Samoa)LamiaceaeherbOdontonematubaeformeEnglish:firespike,cardinalflower;Other:totoē(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)AcanthaceaeshrubOperculinaventricosaEnglish:paperrose,St.
Thomaslidpod;Other:alalag(Guam);palulu(Samoa);fuehina(Tonga)ConvolvulaceaevinePanicummaximumEnglish:Guineagrass,greenpanic,buffalograss;French:herbedeGuinéa,panicélevé,capimeguiné,fataque;Other:vaokini(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tinikarāti(CookIslands);talapi(CookIslands(Ma'uke);saafa(Tonga)Poaceaegrass88ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitPaspalumconjugatumEnglish:Tgrass,tigrass,sourgrass;sourpalpalum,buffalograss,carabaograss,Hilograss(Hawai'i);French:herbesure,herbecréole;herbedetauère(NewCaledonia);Other:vaolima,(AmericanSamoa,Samoa,Tonga,Niue);fetinwumwune(Chuuk);maukutaravao,maukukatini(CookIslands);mau'uHilo(Hawai'i),muhsrasre(Kosrae);moisevaolima,motievaolima(NiueandTonga);udelrangebei(Palau);rehnwai(Pohnpei);vaolimamatafao,vaolimapapalagi(Samoa)PoaceaegrassPaspalumorbiculareEnglish:ricegrass;creepingpaspalum,ditchmillet,Indianpaspalum,kodomillet,watercouch;Spanish:mijokoda;Other:mātā(CookIslands);codurulevu,thondurulevu,thondina,thonindina(Fiji);karasi(SolomonIslands)PoaceaegrassPaspalumpaniculatumEnglish:Russellrivergrass,galmarragrass;Other:matiemanutai(CookIslands);taravao'uru'uru(CookIslands(Mangaia))PoaceaegrassPaspalumurvilleiEnglish:Vaseygrass;French:herbedeVasey,paspalumd'Urville;Other:tinikarāti(CookIslands(Mangaia))PoaceaegrassPassifloraedulisEnglish:passionfruit,yellowpassionfruit,purplepassionfruit,qarandila,purplegranadilla;French:grenadille;Spanish:maracuya(GalapagosIs.
);Other:pārapōutinipapa'ā(CookIslands);ka'atenepapa'ā,katingapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));liliko'i(Hawai'i),pompom(Pohnpei);pasio(Samoa);vaine(Tonga)PassifloraceaevinePassifloramaliformisEnglish:hard-shelledpassionfruit,sweetcalabash,sweetcup;French:pommecalabas;Other:pārapōutini'enua,pārapōutiniMaori(CookIslands);ka'ateneMaori,katingaMaori(CookIslands(Mangaia));pasio(Samoa),vainekai(Tonga)Passifloraceaevine*PassifloraquadrangularisEnglish:granadilla,giantgranadilla;French:barbadine;Spanish:badea(GalapagosIs.
);Other:papatini,pārapōtini,pārapōtinimaata(CookIslands);kūkuma(CookIslands('Atiu));maratini(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Miti'aro));parapautini(FrenchPolynesia);palasini,palatini,vinefualalahi,vinepalasini,tinitini(Niue);kudamono(Palau);pasio(Samoa);pasione(Tonga)PassifloraceaevinePassiflorarubraEnglish:redpassionfruit,Dutchman'slaudanum;Other:pōkutekute(CookIslands('Atiu))PassifloraceaevinePennisetumpurpureumEnglish:elephantgrass,napiergrass,merkergrass;French:herbeéléphant,faussecanneàsucre;Spanish:pastoelefante;Other:'erepani(CookIslands(Atiu));acfucsracsracsr(Kosrae);bokso(Palau);puk-soh(Pohnpei);vaobovi(Samoa)PoaceaegrassPhyllostachysbissetiiEnglish:runningbambooPoaceaeshrubPimentaracemosaEnglish:baytree,bayrumtree,bayoiltree,malagueta;Other:sinamoni(Tonga)MyrtaceaetreePinuscaribaeaEnglish:Caribbeanpine,Bahamaspine;Other:painapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));paina(Samoa);paini(Tonga)PinaceaetreePsidiumcattleianumEnglish:strawberryguava,cherryguava,Cattleyguava,Chineseguava;French:goyavierdeChine;Other:tūavapapa'ā(CookIslands);ngguava(Fiji),tuavatinito,tuvavatinito(FrenchPolynesia);waiawi'ula'ula(Hawai'i);kuahpa(Pohnpei);ku'ava(Samoa)MyrtaceaetreePsidiumguajavaEnglish:guava;French:goyavier;Spanish:guayaba,guayabo;Other:ku'ava(AmericanSamoa,Tonga,Tuvalu,Fiji,Samoa);kuafa(Chuuk);tūava,tūvava(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);quwawa,nguava,ngguavaniIndia,amrut(Fiji);tumutuava(FrenchPolynesia);abasguayaba(Galapagos);abas(Guam,Saipan-Chamorro,Yap);kuawa,kuawake'oke'o,kuawalemi,kuawamomona,pauwa(Hawai'i);kuhfahfah(Kosrae);tekuava,tekuawa(Kiribati);kuwawa(Nauru);kautoga,kautonga,kautogatane,kautongatane(Niue);guabang,kuabang(Palau);guahva,kuahpa(Pohnpei);apas(Saipan);abwas(Saipan-Carolinian)Myrtaceaetree*RicinuscommunisEnglish:castorbean,castor-oilplant;French:ricin;Spanish:higuerilla;Other:lamapalagi,lamapapalagi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tuituipapa'ā(CookIslands);mbelenivavalagi,totonivavalagi,utouto(Fiji);agaliya(Guam);koli,pa'aila,ka'apeha,kamakou,la'au,'aila(Hawai'i);tuitui,tuituifuaikiiki(Niue);gelug,maskerekur,uluchulaskoki(Palau);lepo,lepohina(Tonga)EuphorbiaceaeshrubRuelliaprostrataEnglish:blackweed,bellweed;Other:vaouli(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tītā'aruru(CookIslands(Miti'aro));vaoelefane(Samoa)Acanthaceaeherb*SamaneasamanEnglish:monkeypod,raintree,saman;French:arbredepluie;Other:tronkonmames,trongkon-mames(CNMI-Chamorro);filinganga(CNMI-Carolinian);gumornispanis(Yap);'ohai,pu'ohai(Hawai'i);vaivainivavalangi,vaivainivavalagi(Fiji),malapa(Samoa);kasia(Tonga)Fabaceaetree*SambucusmexicanaEnglish:elderberry,MexicanelderCaprifoliaceaesmalltreeSansevieriatrifasciataEnglish:bowstringhemp,mother-in-law'stongue;French:chanvred'Afrique;Other:riri(CookIslands);tigre(Guam),kitelel(Palau)Agavaceaeherb89ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitScindapsusaureusEnglish:pothos,moneyplant;Other:'ara(CookIslands(Ma'uke));yalu,wayalu,walu,halu,waloa,matha,nanggalanggala,nanggalinggali,tonga,tanga(Fiji);alu(Fiji,Tonga)Araceaevine*SesbaniagrandifloraEnglish:sesbania,hummingbirdtree,sesban,scarletwisteriatree,corkwoodtree;French:agatiagrandesfleurs;Other:agati,agathi(Fiji);oufai,ofai,ouai(FrenchPolynesia);katurai(Guam);ohaike'oke'o(Hawai'i);sepania(Samoa)FabaceaesmalltreeSetariapumilaEnglish:foxtail,gardenbristlegrass,hairy-tailgrass,yellowbristlegrass,Queenslandpigeongrass(Australia),cat'stailgrass(Fiji);French:sétaireglauquePoaceaegrass*SolandramaximaEnglish:goldencup,cupofgold,chalicevine;Spanish:copadeoroSolanaceaelianaStachytarphetacayennensisEnglish:bluerat'stail,dark-bluesnakeweed,falseverbena,nettleleafvelvetberry;French:herbebleue;Other:ouchung,sakura(Chuuk),tiāki(CookIslands(Miti'aro));louchbeluu(Palau);mautofutai,mautofuvao,matofufualanumoana(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);teuti(Kiribati);mautofuSamoa,motofuSamoa(Niue);hiku'ikuma,hiku'kuma,'iku'ikuma,iku'ikuma(Tonga);turulakaka,tumbutumbu,serakawa,lavenia,sekarakarawa(Fiji)VerbenaceaeherbSyngoniumangustatumEnglish:arrowheadplant,goosefootplantAraceaevineSyzygiumcuminiEnglish:Javaplum;jambolanplum;French:faux-pistachier,jamelonguier,jamélongue,jambolanier;Other:pistati,ka'ika(CookIslands);paramu(CookIslands(Aitutaki);duhat(Guam);mesegerak,mesekerrak,mesekerrák,mesigerak(Palau);jamelonguier(NewCaledonia);kavikaniIndia,jammun(Fiji)MyrtaceaetreeSyzygiumjambosEnglish:malabarplum,roseapple,Malayapple;French:jambosier,pomme-rose,pommierrose;Spanish:pomarosa;Other:ka'ikapapa'ā(CookIslandsexceptMa'uke),ka'ikatakataka(CookIslands);ka'ikavarani(CookIslands(Mangaia));ka'ika(CookIslands('Atiu));kavika,kavikanivavalangi,kavikaniIndia(Fiji),ahi'apapa'a,ahi'apopa'a(FrenchPolynesia),'ohi'aloke(Hawai'i);iouenwai,youenwai,apelenwai(Pohnpei);seaseapapalagi(Samoa);fekikapapalangi(Tonga)MyrtaceaetreeTecomastansEnglish:yellowbells,yellow-elder,yellowtrumpetbush;Other:tekoma(CookIslands);piti(FrenchPolynesia,Tonga);peeal(Puluwat)BignoniaceaesmalltreeTephrosiacandidaEnglish:whitetephrosia,whitehoary-pea;Frenchindigosauvage,indigoblancFabaceaeshrubThevetiaperuvianaEnglish:yellowoleander,be-stilltree,luckynut;French:oléandrejaune;Other:koneta(Chuuk);venevene(CookIslands(Mangaia)),'enere(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Miti'aro));nohomalie(Hawai'i);irelepsech(Yap)ApocynaceaesmalltreeThunbergiafragransEnglish:whitelady,whitethunbergia,sweetclock-vine;Other:fuehina(Tonga)AcanthaceaevineTithoniadiversifoliaEnglish:treemarigold,shrubsunflower,Mexicansunflower,Japanesesunflower;Other:puarenga(CookIslands);tiarerengarenga(CookIslands(Aitutaki));kavakava,puarenga(CookIslands(Ma'uke));matala(Niue)Asteraceaeshrub*ToonaciliataEnglish:Australianredcedar,toon,surian,Indianmahogany;Other:woodpikake(Hawai'i);tuna(Samoa);sitakula(Tonga)MeliaceaetreeTradescantiaspathaceaEnglish:oysterplant,boatplant,boatlily,mosesinaboat;Other:ririmangio(CookIslands(Ma'uke));ririraei(CookIslands(Miti'aro));talotalo,laupapaki(Niue);fainakula(Tonga)CommelinaceaeherbTradescantiazebrinaEnglish:wanderingzebrina,wanderingjew,inchplant;Other:maukupapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia))CommelinaceaeherbTremaorientalisEnglish:charcoaltree,gunpowdertree;Other:agaunai,banahl,talamama(CNMI);elodechoel(Palau);uanin(Yap);ndrou,ndroundrou,ndrikanaithembe(Fiji);aere(FrenchPolynesia),mangele,manele,magele(Niue,Samoa,Tonga)UlmaceaetreeTriumfettarhomboideaEnglish:Chineseburr,paroquetburr,burrbush;Other:manutofu,mautofu,mautofuvao(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);vavaitaratītā(CookIslands);piripiri(CookIslands(Aitutaki));qatima(Fiji),urio(FrenchPolynesia);dadangsi,masiksiklahe(Guam);mosipo(Niue);mo'osipo(Tonga)TiliaceaeshrubUrenalobataEnglish:hibiscusburr,aramina,caesarweed,pinkChineseburr,urenaburr,burmallow;French:juteafricain,cousinurène;Other:mautofu(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);nognuk,ocher(Chuuk);qatima,gataya,nggatima(Fiji);vavaitaratītā(CookIslands(Ma'uke));piripiri(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);dadangsi,dadangsiapaka,dadangsimachingat,dádangse(Guam);motipo,mosipo(Niue);chosuchedekui,osuchedarechui(Palau);karap,korop(Pohnpei);mo'osipoTonga(Tonga)Malvaceaeshrub*Onlyseenorreportedtobeincultivation90Appendix8.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonMau'keScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitAbelmoschusmoschatusEnglish:fautia,muskmallow,muskokra;French:ambrette,gombomusqué,ketmiemusquée,grainedemusc;Other:'autetoga,fautagaloa,fuasamasama(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);karereon,karereonnikapweriknik,kareron,likonokon(Chuuk);vavaitara(CookIslands);ta'uri'au(CookIslands(Mangaia));wakiwaki,wakewake,wakeke,vakeke,aukiki,okeoke,o'e'e(Fiji);kamang,ka'mang(Guam);fouingo(Niue),gongul(Palau);metei,mety,methey(Pohnpei);loa,fau'ingo(Tonga);fauingo(WallisandFutuna);hathongethong,kamwayang,nikapwerik,setmwechin,sotumo(Yap)MalvaceaeherbAcaciacrassicarpaEnglish:northernwattle,PapuaNewGuinearedwattleFabaceaetreeAcaciacurassavicaredwoodFabaceaetreeAcaciamangiumEnglish:mangium,brownsalwood,blackwattle,hickorywattle;Other:ākasia(CookIslands);tuhkehnpwelmwahu(Pohnpei)FabaceaetreeAdenantherapavoninaEnglish:coralbeantree,redsandalwoodtree,redbeadtree,lopa,beadtree,falsewiliwili,peacockflower-fence,Polynesianpeanut;French:boisdecondori;Other:lopa(AmericanSamoa,FenchPolynesia,SamoaandTonga);matakōviriviri(CookIslands);kōviriviri,tavara(CookIslands(Mangaia));pitipiti'ō(CookIslands('Atiu));lera,lerendamu,vaivai,vaivainivavalangi(Fiji),pomea(Fiji,Niue),la'aupaina,pitipitio(FrenchPolynesia);colales,culalis,kolales,kulales,kulalis(Guam,CNMI);hua'ula'ula(Hawai'i);(metekam,metkam,metkem,mwetkwem(Kosrae);telengtúngd,telentundalel(Palau);kaikes(Pohnpei)FabaceaetreeAleuritesmoluccanaEnglish:candlenut,Indianwalnut;French:bancoulier,bancoulier,noyerdebancoul,noyerdesMoluques;Other:lumbang(Guam),raguar(CarolineIslands);sakan,shakan(Pohnpei);lama(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kukui(Hawai'i);tuitui(CookIslands,Niue,Tonga),'ama(Marquesas);lauci,lauthe,lauthi,toto,tuitui,tutui,waiwai,sekeci,sikethi,sikeli,nggerenggere(Fiji);tahiitiairi,ti'a'iri,tutui,tahiri(FrenchPolynesia)EuphorbiaceaetreeAllamandacatharticaEnglish:yellowtrumpetvine,goldentrumpet,allamanda,brownbudallamanda,goldenallamanda,goldencup;French:monettejaune,li'anes'aime;Other:puataunofo(AmericanSamoaandSamoa),tiarerengarenga,pua(CookIslands);lani-ali'i(Hawai'i)Apocynaceaeshrub*AlpiniapurpurataEnglish:redginger;Other:kōpīmuramura(CookIslands);thevunga(Fiji);'awapuhi'ula'ula(Hawai'i);teuila(Samoa);tevunga(Tonga)ZingiberaceaeherbAnacardiumoccidentaleEnglish:cashew,cashewnut;French:anacardier,pommedecojou,acajouapommes,pommierd'acajou;Other:kātū(CookIslands);kasoi(Guam);'apu'initia(Samoa);'apu,kesiu(Tonga)AnacardiaceaetreeAnnonamuricataEnglish:soursop,pricklycustardapple;French:corossolier,cacheimantierépineux,cachimanépineux,corossolépineux;Other:kātara'apa(CookIslands);kātara'apapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));naponapotaratara(CookIslands(Aitutaki));saasaf,sasaf(Chuuk);tapotapopapaa(FrenchPolynesia);laguana,laguaná,laguanaha,laguanaba,labuanaha(Guam);sosap(Kosrae);jojaab(MarshallIslands);syasyap(NorthernMarianaIslands),talapofotofoto(Niue),sausab(Palau);sei,sae,trukashai(Pohnpei);sasalapa(Samoa);'apele'initia(Tonga);sausau(Yap)Annonaceaetree*AnnonasquamosaEnglish:sugarapple,sweetsop,custardapple,sugarapple;French:annoneécailleuse,pomme-canelle;Other:tapotapo(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);tapotapoMāori(CookIslands);kātara'apaMāori(CookIslands(Mangaia));naponapoMāori(CookIslands(Aitutaki));atis,ates(Guam);ngelrangebard(Palau),'apelepapalangi,'apeleTonga(Tonga),nameana(Tuvalu)AnnonaceaetreeAnrederacordifoliaEnglish:Madeiravine,mignonettevine,lamb'stails;Other:tāpau(CookIslands('Atiu));'ualahupe(Hawai'i);filikafa(Niue)BasellaceaevineArdisiaellipticaEnglish:shoebuttonardisia;Other:venevenetinitō(CookIslands);atipopa'a,atiu(FrenchPolynesia);togovao(Samoa)MyrsinaceaeshrubAzollafiliculataEnglish:mosquitofernAzollaceaefern91ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitBambusavulgaris.
English:bamboo;French:bambou;Other:iich(Chuuk);ko'epapa'ā(CookIslands);bitu(Fiji);'ohe(FrenchPolynesia,Hawai'i);'ofe(FrenchPolynesia,Samoa),pi'ao,pi'aopalaoan(GuamandNorthernMarianas-Chamorro);bwai(GuamandNorthernMarianas-Carolinian);bambu(Kosrae);tekaibaba(Kiribati);bae,koba(MarshallIslands);kahopalangi(Niue);pehriensapahn(Pohnpei);bambuu(Palau);'ofeFiti,'ofepapalagi(Samoa);kofe(Tonga,Tuvalu);pitu(Tonga);pampu(Tuvalu);moor(Yap)PoaceaetreeBauhiniamonandraEnglish:orchid-tree,St.
Thomas-tree,Napoleon'splume;flamboyant(Pohnpei),floresmariposa(CNMI);mariposa(Guam);pinkbutterflytree(Fiji);Other:vaepovi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pine(CookIslands(Rarotonga),FrenchPolynesia);pīpī(CookIslands(Aitu));pī(CookIslands(Ma'ukeandMiti'aro));pinefualoloa(Niue)FabaceaetreeCalopogoniummucunoidesEnglish:calopo;Other:akankan-guakag(Guam)FabaceaevineCanangaodorataEnglish:perfumetree;French:canangodorant;Other:moso'oi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pwanang,pwuur,pwalang(Chuuk);ylang-ylang,lengileng;(CNMI);mata'oi,mato'oi,moto'oi,(CookIslands,Niue,Tahiti);makasoi,makosoi,makusui,mokohoi,mokosoi(Fiji);moto'i(FrenchPolynesia);ilang-ilang,alang-ilang(Guam,Philippines);lanalana(Hawai'i);ilanlang,ilahnglahng(Kosrae);ilanilan,ilala(MarshallIslands);motoi(Niue);chiráng,irang(Palau);pur-n-wai,pwurenwai,sair-n-wai,seirinwai,seirenwai(Pohnpei);mohoki,mohokoi(Tonga)AnnonaceaetreeCeibapentandraEnglish:kapok,kapoktree,silk-cottontree,pacae;French:kapokier,capoc,boiscoton;Spanish:ceibo;Other:vavae(AmericanSamoa,Samoa,Niue,Tonga);koton(Chuuk);vavai(CookIslandsandFrenchPolynesia);vavaimama'u,vavaimaori(CookIslands);mama'u(CookIslands(Mangaia,Aitutaki));vauvaunivavalangi,semar(Fiji);algodondeManila,atgodondiManila,algidon,atgidondeManila(Guam);kuhtin,cutin(Kosrae);koatoa,atagodon,bulik,kotin(MarshallIslands);kalngebard,kalngebárd,kerrekarngebard(Palau);cottin,koatun,koatoa(Pohnpei);arughuschel(Saipan),battenigan'ken(Yap);vavaunilokoloko(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)BombacaceaetreeCenchrusechinatusEnglish:burgrass,sand-bur,southernsandbur,MossmanRivergrass(Australia);French:herbeacateaux(Mauritius);Other:tuitui,vaotuitui(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);piripiri(CookIslands);pārango(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));sembulabula(Fiji);piri-piri,pipiri(FrenchPolynesia);mau'ukuku,'ume'alu(Hawai'i);teanti,tekateketeke(Kiribati);cram-cram(NewCaledonia);motievihilago,mosievihilango(Niue);lklk,klklk,lellik,lekelik,liklik,karmwijmwij,karumwij(MarshallIslands);cauit-cauitan(Philippines);hefa(Tonga)PoaceaegrassCentrosemapubescensEnglish:centro,butterfly-pea;French:fleur-languette,poisbtard;Other:piriarero(CookIslands(Miti'aro));pinindola(Fiji)FabaceaeherbClerodendrumbuchananiivar.
fallaxEnglish:redclerodendrum,pagoda-flower;Other:rākautupopoku(CookIslands('Atiu));talufe(Niue);lau'awa(Hawai'i);amo'ula,amo'ule(Tonga)VerbenaceaeshrubCoffeaarabicaEnglish:coffee;French:café,caféierd'Arabie;Spanish:café,cafeto;Other:kaope,kaopeMaori(CookIslands);kove(Fiji);kofe(Fiji,Niue,Samoa),kofi(Tonga);kafe(Marquesas);taofe(Tahiti)RubiaceaetreeCommelinadiffusaEnglish:commelina,dayflower,wanderingJew,spiderwort;Spanish:chiriyuyo;Other:mauku-vai,mauku'oro'enua,maukupuakatoro(CookIslands);semprebiban-damalong(Guam);honohono(Hawai'i);mau'utoga,mau'uTonga(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);mohukuvai,musiematalapulu(Tonga);airorongi,airongorongo,airogorogo,cobulabula,rongomatailevu,thombulambula,matembulambula,drano,duludauwere,ndrano,ndulandauwere,luna,thonggalonggalo(Fiji),ma'apape(FrenchPolynesia)CommelinaceaeherbCrotalariamicansEnglish:crotalaria;Other:pinekotalelia,pile(Niue)FabaceaeshrubCynodondactylonEnglish:Bermudagrass,giantBermudagrass,bahamagrass,devil'sgrass,couchgrass,Indiandoab,grama,devilgrass,couchgrass,balamagrass;French:chiendent,petitchiendent,chiendentpied-de-poule;Other:matie(CookIslands);manini,manienie(Hawai'i);motiemolulu(Niue);kambuta,kabuta(Fiji);mosiemolulu(Niue);herbedecouverture(NewCaledonia);pastobermuda,zacatebermuda,gramadulce,gramón,hierbafina,grama-seda,(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)Poaceaegrass92ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitCyperusrotundusEnglish:nutgrass,nutsedge,purplenutsedge,cocograss;French:souchetrond,souchetàtubercules,herbeàoignon;Other:mauku'ōniāni,'ōniāni(CookIslands);soronakambani,soranakambani,soronikabani,ivako,malanga,vucesa,motha,vuthesamotha(Fiji);chaguanhumatag(Guam);kili'o'opu,mau'umokae(Hawai'i);temumute(Kiribati);tuteoneon(MarshallIslands);mumuta(Samoa,Tokelau);pakopako(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeDerrismalaccensisEnglish:NewGuineacreeper;Other:'avaniukini(AmericanSamoa);'orapāpua,rakaupapua(CookIslands);nduva,tuva,nduvaniniukini(Fiji);horapapua(FrenchPolynesia);akauniukini(Niue);fuefa'i'ava(Samoa);kavafisi(Tonga)Fabaceaevine*DieffenbachiaseguineEnglish:dieffenbachia,dumbcane;Other:yalunivavalagi(Fiji)AraceaeherbDigitariaciliarisEnglish:Henry'scrabgrass,smoothcrabgrass,tropicalcrabgrass,largecrabgrass,southerncrabgrass,fingergrass,summergrass;French:digitaireciliée;Other:kukaepua'a(Hawai'i);Saulangi(Niue)PoaceaegrassDissotisrotundifoliaEnglish:dissotis,Spanishshawl,pinkladyMelastomataceaeherbEleusineindicaEnglish:goosegrass,wiregrass,goosefoot,crow'sfoot,bullgrass;French:pieddepoule;Other:fahitalo,lauta'ata'a,ta'ata'a(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);maukumārōki'aki'a(CookIslands);kavoronaisivi,vorovoroisivi,ghoraya(Fiji);tamamau(FrenchPolynesia),umog(Guam);manienieali'i(Hawaii);mahkwekwe(Kosrae);katejukjuk(MarshallIslands);mosiefahitalo(Niue);deskim,keteketarmalk(Palau);rehtakai(Pohnpei);takataka,takataka'aleala,mohukusiamane(Tonga);teuteute(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)PoaceaegrassEugeniaunifloraEnglish:Surinamcherry,redBrazilcherry;French:cerisiercarré,cerisierdeCayenne;Other:venevene(CookIslands);menemene(CookIslands(Mangaia));kafika,kafikapalangi(Niue),pitanga(Brazil)Myrtaceaeshrub/treeFalcatariamoluccanaEnglish:Moluccaalbizia;Other:tamaligipalagi(AmericanSamoa);'ārapitia(CookIslands);tuhkekerosene,tuhkehnkarisihn(Pohnpei);ukallrangebard(Palau);tamaligipaepae(Samoa)FabaceaetreeFlacourtiajangomasEnglish:Indian-plum,runeala-plum;French:prunierd'Inde;Spanish:ciruelaforasteraFlacourtiaceaetree*FlemingiamacrophyllaFabaceaetreeGliricidiasepiumEnglish:motherofcacao,quickstick,Mexicanlilac;Spanish:madredecacaoFabaceaetree*HedychiumcoronariumEnglish:whiteginger,butterflylily,gingerlily,garlandflower;Other:teuilapaepae(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tunun,sinser(Chuuk);kōpīteatea,re'ateatea(CookIslands);ndrove,cevugavula,dalasika(Fiji);thevunga(Fiji,Tonga);'awapuhike'oke'o(Hawai'i);sinterpwetepwet(Pohnpei);tolon(Puluwat)Zingiberaceaeherb*HedychiumflavescensEnglish:yellowginger,creamginger;French:longoze;Other:teuila(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kōpīrengarenga,re'arengarenga(CookIslands);opuhirearea(FrenchPolynesia);'awapuhimelemele(Hawai'i)Zingiberaceaeherb*Heliconiaspp.
English:heliconia,parrot's-flower,parrot's-plantain,crabclaw,lobsterclaw;Other:tiarepārata'ito(CookIslands)Heliconiaceaeherb*HemigraphisalternataEnglish:metalleaf;redivy,cemeteryplant(Fiji);Other:suipi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)AcanthaceaeherbIndigoferasuffruticosaEnglish:indigo;Other:'initiko(CookIslands);aniles(Guam);'iniko,inikoa,kolu(Hawai'i);la'aumageso(Samoa);'akauveli(Tonga)Fabaceaeshrub*JatrophacurcasEnglish:physicnut,purgingnut,Barbadosnut;French:médicinier,pignond'Inde,purghère;Other:tuituipakarangi,pakarani(CookIslands);fiki(CookIslands,Fiji,Tonga);wiriwiri,wiriwirinivavalangi,utonivavalangi,banidakai,mbanindakai,manggele,maqele,ndrala(Fiji);tuba-tuba(Guam);kuku'ihi(Hawai'i),kuikuiPake(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau),laupata(Samoa)EuphorbiaceaeshrubKyllingabrevifoliaEnglish:greenkyllinga,greenwatersedge;Other:tumu'enua(CookIslands(Ma'uke));kili'o'opu,kaluha,manunene,mau'umokae(Hawai'i);tuise(Samoa);pakopako(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeKyllinganemoralisEnglish:whitekyllinga,whiteheadspikesedge,whitewatersedge;Other:neke'enua(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Ngaputoru));chaguanlemae,botoncillo(Guam—Chamorro);kili'o'opu(Hawai'i),ta'ata'a,ta'ata'avilitaliga,matieupo'o,matieTahiti,mo'uupo'onui,mo'uupo'o,tuise(Samoa);pakopako,pakopako'aekuma(Tahiti);tuise(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeLeonurusjaponicusEnglish:lion'stail,Chinesemotherwort;Other:vavaitara(CookIslands(Miti'aro)Lamiaceaeherb93ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabit*LonicerajaponicaEnglish:Japanesehoneysuckle,Hall'shoneysuckle;Other:pitatepapa'ā(CookIslands);mangamangārima(CookIslands(Ma'uke));honekakala(Hawai'i)CaprifoliaceaevineMacroptiliumatropurpureumEnglish:siratro,purplebushbeanFabaceaeherbMeliaazedarachEnglish:Chinaberry,pride-of-India,indianlilac,Persianlilac,whitecedar,margosatree,tira;French:lilasdesIndes,arbreàchapelets;Spanish:jazmin(GalapagosIs.
);Other:tīra(CookIslands);dake,bakain(Fiji),paraiso,para'isu(Guam);'inia,'ilinia(Hawai'i);sili,tili(Niue);lelah(Pohnpei);sita(Tonga);prais(Yap)MeliaceaetreeMelinisrepensEnglish:Natalredtop,Natalgrass,redNatalgrass,Holme'sgrass,blanketgrass;French:herbeduNatal,herberose,herbepappangue;tricholène(NewCaledonia);Other:salapona(Tonga)PoaceaegrassMikaniamicranthaEnglish:mile-a-minuteweed,Chinesecreeper,Americanrope,bittervine;French:lianeaméricaine,liane-serpent;Other:fuesaina(AmericanSamoa,SamoaandNiue);pōkutekute(CookIslands('Atiu));wambosuthu,wambosuvu,wambutako,wandamele,ovaova,wabosucu,usuvanua(Fiji);foulaina(Niue),teb'lyas(Palau);kwalokoburu,(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)AsteraceaevineMimosapudicaEnglish:sensitiveplant,sleepinggrass;French:sensitive;Other:la'aufefe,vaofefe,vaotuitui,tuitui(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pikika'a,rākaupikika'a,rākau'avare,rākau'avarevare,tiarepikika'a,tītāpikika'a,rākaupikika(CookIslands);paope'āvare(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));thongandrongandro,thokandrodandro,cogadrogadro(Fiji);poheha'avare,popeha'avare(FrenchPolynesia);betguensosa(Guam);puahilahila(Hawai'i);memege(Niue);mechiuaiu(Palau);limemeihr(Pohnpei);mateloi(Tonga)FabaceaeherbNymphaeaspp.
English:waterlily;Other:ririvai(CookIslands)NymphaeaceaeherbOcimumgratissimumEnglish:wildbasil,clovebasil,treebasil;French:basilic,menthegabonaise;Other:miritītā,miritūtaepuaka,miringanga'ere,miritūpāpaku(CookIslands);miripapa'ā,miritaratoni(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);la'ausauga(Samoa)LamiaceaeherbPanicummaximumEnglish:Guineagrass,greenpanic,buffalograss;French:herbedeGuinéa,panicélevé,capimeguiné,fataque;Other:vaokini(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tinikarāti(CookIslands);talapi(CookIslands(Ma'uke);saafa(Tonga)PoaceaegrassPaspalumconjugatumEnglish:Tgrass,tigrass,sourgrass;sourpalpalum,buffalograss,carabaograss,Hilograss(Hawai'i);French:herbesure,herbecréole;herbedetauère(NewCaledonia);Other:vaolima,(AmericanSamoa,Samoa,Tonga,Niue);fetinwumwune(Chuuk);maukutaravao,maukukatini(CookIslands);mau'uHilo(Hawai'i),muhsrasre(Kosrae);moisevaolima,motievaolima(NiueandTonga);udelrangebei(Palau);rehnwai(Pohnpei);vaolimamatafao,vaolimapapalagi(Samoa)PoaceaegrassPaspalumdilatatumEnglish:paspalum,dallisgrass,watergrass;French:paspalumdilaté,herbesirop,herbedemiel,herbededallis,milletbtard;Other:hikunua(Niue)PoaceaegrassPaspalumpaniculatumEnglish:Russellrivergrass,galmarragrass;Other:matiemanutai(CookIslands);taravao'uru'uru(CookIslands(Mangaia))PoaceaegrassPassifloraedulisEnglish:passionfruit,yellowpassionfruit,purplepassionfruit,qarandila,purplegranadilla;French:grenadille;Spanish:maracuya(GalapagosIs.
);Other:pārapōutinipapa'ā(CookIslands);ka'atenepapa'ā,katingapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));liliko'i(Hawai'i),pompom(Pohnpei);pasio(Samoa);vaine(Tonga)PassifloraceaevinePassifloralaurifoliaEnglish:yellowgranadilla,belleapple,yellowwater-lemon;French:pomme-liane,pommed'or;Other:pasiovao(Samoa);vaine'aekuma(Tonga)Passifloraceaevine*PassifloraligularisEnglish:sweetgranadilla,yellowpassionfruit;French:granadille,grenadilledouce,barbadine;French:granadille,grenadilledouce,barbadine;Other:lemiwai,laniwai,lemona(Hawai'i)Passifloraceaevine*PassifloramaliformisEnglish:hard-shelledpassionfruit,sweetcalabash,sweetcup;French:pommecalabas;Other:pārapōutini'enua,pārapōutiniMaori(CookIslands);ka'ateneMaori,katingaMaori(CookIslands(Mangaia));pasio(Samoa),vainekai(Tonga)Passifloraceaevine94ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabit*PassifloraquadrangularisEnglish:granadilla,giantgranadilla;French:barbadine;Spanish:badea(GalapagosIs.
);Other:papatini,pārapōtini,pārapōtinimaata(CookIslands);kūkuma(CookIslands('Atiu));maratini(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Miti'aro));parapautini(FrenchPolynesia);palasini,palatini,vinefualalahi,vinepalasini,tinitini(Niue);kudamono(Palau);pasio(Samoa);pasione(Tonga)PassifloraceaevinePassiflorarubraEnglish:redpassionfruit,Dutchman'slaudanum;Other:pōkutekute(CookIslands('Atiu))PassifloraceaevinePimentaracemosaEnglish:baytree,bayrumtree,bayoiltree,malagueta;Other:sinamoni(Tonga)MyrtaceaetreePinuscaribaeaEnglish:Caribbeanpine,Bahamaspine;Other:painapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));paina(Samoa);paini(Tonga)PinaceaetreePsidiumcattleianumEnglish:strawberryguava,cherryguava,Cattleyguava,Chineseguava;French:goyavierdeChine;Other:tūavapapa'ā(CookIslands);ngguava(Fiji),tuavatinito,tuvavatinito(FrenchPolynesia);waiawi'ula'ula(Hawai'i);kuahpa(Pohnpei);ku'ava(Samoa)MyrtaceaetreePsidiumguajavaEnglish:guava;French:goyavier;Spanish:guayaba,guayabo;Other:ku'ava(AmericanSamoa,Tonga,Tuvalu,Fiji,Samoa);kuafa(Chuuk);tūava,tūvava(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);quwawa,nguava,ngguavaniIndia,amrut(Fiji);tumutuava(FrenchPolynesia);abasguayaba(Galapagos);abas(Guam,Saipan-Chamorro,Yap);kuawa,kuawake'oke'o,kuawalemi,kuawamomona,pauwa(Hawai'i);kuhfahfah(Kosrae);tekuava,tekuawa(Kiribati);kuwawa(Nauru);kautoga,kautonga,kautogatane,kautongatane(Niue);guabang,kuabang(Palau);guahva,kuahpa(Pohnpei);apas(Saipan);abwas(Saipan-Carolinian)MyrtaceaetreePuerariaphaseoloidesEnglish:tropicalkudzu,puero;Other:kūkū(CookIslands('Aitu))FabaceaevineRuelliaprostrataEnglish:blackweed,bellweed;Other:vaouli(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tītā'aruru(CookIslands(Miti'aro));vaoelefane(Samoa)Acanthaceaeherb*SamaneasamanEnglish:monkeypod,raintree,saman;French:arbredepluie;Other:tronkonmames,trongkon-mames(CNMI-Chamorro);filinganga(CNMI-Carolinian);gumornispanis(Yap);'ohai,pu'ohai(Hawai'i);vaivainivavalangi,vaivainivavalagi(Fiji),malapa(Samoa);kasia(Tonga)Fabaceaetree*SambucusmexicanaEnglish:elderberry,MexicanelderCaprifoliaceaesmalltree*SansevieriatrifasciataEnglish:bowstringhemp,mother-in-law'stongue;French:chanvred'Afrique;Other:riri(CookIslands);tigre(Guam),kitelel(Palau)AgavaceaeherbScindapsusaureusEnglish:pothos,moneyplant;Other:'ara(CookIslands(Ma'uke));yalu,wayalu,walu,halu,waloa,matha,nanggalanggala,nanggalinggali,tonga,tanga(Fiji);alu(Fiji,Tonga)AraceaevineSennatoraEnglish:foetidcassia,stinkingcassia,Java-bean,sicklesenna,sicklepod,Chinesesenna,peanutweed,sicklesenna;French:cassiersauvage,poispuant,séné;Other:vaopinati(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kaumoce,kaumothe,pini,tarota(Fiji);mumutunadmelon,mumutunpalaoan,amot-tumagacarabao(Guam),te'epulu,tengafefeka(Tonga)FabaceaeshrubSolanumcapsicoidesEnglish:cockroachberry,devil'sapple,sodaapple;Other:poro'ititaratara(CookIslands);kikaniakei,akaaka,akaka(Hawai'i)SolanaceaeherbSpathodeacampanulataEnglish:Africantuliptree,fireball,fountaintree;French:tulipierduGabon,pisse-pisse;Spanish:tulipanafricano;Other:kō'ī'ī,mimi,pātītīvaipatitivai,pititivai(CookIslands);matakō'ī'īko'i'i(CookIslands(Mangaia));apr(CNMI);tagamimi(Fiji);orsachelkui(Palau);tuhkedulip(Pohnpei);fa'apasi(Samoa);tiulipe(Tonga);rarningobchey(Yap)BignoniaceaetreeStachytarphetacayennensisEnglish:bluerat'stail,dark-bluesnakeweed,falseverbena,nettleleafvelvetberry;French:herbebleue;Other:ouchung,sakura(Chuuk),tiāki(CookIslands(Miti'aro));louchbeluu(Palau);mautofutai,mautofuvao,matofufualanumoana(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);teuti(Kiribati);mautofuSamoa,motofuSamoa(Niue);hiku'ikuma,hiku'kuma,'iku'ikuma,iku'ikuma(Tonga);turulakaka,tumbutumbu,serakawa,lavenia,sekarakarawa(Fiji)VerbenaceaeherbStylosanthesguianensisEnglish:stylo,Brazilianlucerne,tropicallucerne,Nigerianstylo;Other:maukupuakatoro(CookIslands('Atiu))FabaceaeherbSyngoniumangustatumEnglish:arrowheadplant,goosefootplantAraceaevine95ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitSyzygiumcuminiEnglish:Javaplum;jambolanplum;French:faux-pistachier,jamelonguier,jamélongue,jambolanier;Other:pistati,ka'ika(CookIslands);paramu(CookIslands(Aitutaki);duhat(Guam);mesegerak,mesekerrak,mesekerrák,mesigerak(Palau);jamelonguier(NewCaledonia);kavikaniIndia,jammun(Fiji)MyrtaceaetreeSyzygiumjambosEnglish:malabarplum,roseapple,Malayapple;French:jambosier,pomme-rose,pommierrose;Spanish:pomarosa;Other:ka'ikapapa'ā(CookIslandsexceptMa'uke),ka'ikatakataka(CookIslands);ka'ikavarani(CookIslands(Mangaia));ka'ika(CookIslands('Atiu));kavika,kavikanivavalangi,kavikaniIndia(Fiji),ahi'apapa'a,ahi'apopa'a(FrenchPolynesia),'ohi'aloke(Hawai'i);iouenwai,youenwai,apelenwai(Pohnpei);seaseapapalagi(Samoa);fekikapapalangi(Tonga)MyrtaceaetreeTecomastansEnglish:yellowbells,yellow-elder,yellowtrumpetbush;Other:tekoma(CookIslands);piti(FrenchPolynesia,Tonga);peeal(Puluwat)BignoniaceaesmalltreeTephrosiacandidaEnglish:whitetephrosia,whitehoary-pea;Frenchindigosauvage,indigoblancFabaceaeshrubTithoniadiversifoliaEnglish:treemarigold,shrubsunflower,Mexicansunflower,Japanesesunflower;Other:puarenga(CookIslands);tiarerengarenga(CookIslands(Aitutaki));kavakava,puarenga(CookIslands(Ma'uke));matala(Niue)AsteraceaeshrubTradescantiaspathaceaEnglish:oysterplant,boatplant,boatlily,mosesinaboat;Other:ririmangio(CookIslands(Ma'uke));ririraei(CookIslands(Miti'aro));talotalo,laupapaki(Niue);fainakula(Tonga)CommelinaceaeherbTradescantiazebrinaEnglish:wanderingzebrina,wanderingjew,inchplant;Other:maukupapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia))CommelinaceaeherbTriumfettarhomboideaEnglish:Chineseburr,paroquetburr,burrbush;Other:manutofu,mautofu,mautofuvao(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);vavaitaratītā(CookIslands);piripiri(CookIslands(Aitutaki));qatima(Fiji),urio(FrenchPolynesia);dadangsi,masiksiklahe(Guam);mosipo(Niue);mo'osipo(Tonga)TiliaceaeshrubUrenalobataEnglish:hibiscusburr,aramina,caesarweed,pinkChineseburr,urenaburr,burmallow;French:juteafricain,cousinurène;Other:mautofu(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);nognuk,ocher(Chuuk);qatima,gataya,nggatima(Fiji);vavaitaratītā(CookIslands(Ma'uke));piripiri(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);dadangsi,dadangsiapaka,dadangsimachingat,dádangse(Guam);motipo,mosipo(Niue);chosuchedekui,osuchedarechui(Palau);karap,korop(Pohnpei);mo'osipoTonga(Tonga)MalvaceaeshrubUrochloasubquadriparaEnglish:brachiaria,greensummergrass,tropicalsignalgrass,corigrassPoaceaegrass*Onlyseenorreportedtobeincultivation96Appendix9.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonMiti'aroScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitAbelmoschusmoschatusEnglish:fautia,muskmallow,muskokra;French:ambrette,gombomusqué,ketmiemusquée,grainedemusc;Other:'autetoga,fautagaloa,fuasamasama(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);karereon,karereonnikapweriknik,kareron,likonokon(Chuuk);vavaitara(CookIslands);ta'uri'au(CookIslands(Mangaia));wakiwaki,wakewake,wakeke,vakeke,aukiki,okeoke,o'e'e(Fiji);kamang,ka'mang(Guam);fouingo(Niue),gongul(Palau);metei,mety,methey(Pohnpei);loa,fau'ingo(Tonga);fauingo(WallisandFutuna);hathongethong,kamwayang,nikapwerik,setmwechin,sotumo(Yap)MalvaceaeherbAdenantherapavoninaEnglish:coralbeantree,redsandalwoodtree,redbeadtree,lopa,beadtree,falsewiliwili,peacockflower-fence,Polynesianpeanut;French:boisdecondori;Other:lopa(AmericanSamoa,FenchPolynesia,SamoaandTonga);matakōviriviri(CookIslands);kōviriviri,tavara(CookIslands(Mangaia));pitipiti'ō(CookIslands('Atiu));lera,lerendamu,vaivai,vaivainivavalangi(Fiji),pomea(Fiji,Niue),la'aupaina,pitipitio(FrenchPolynesia);colales,culalis,kolales,kulales,kulalis(Guam,CNMI);hua'ula'ula(Hawai'i);(metekam,metkam,metkem,mwetkwem(Kosrae);telengtúngd,telentundalel(Palau);kaikes(Pohnpei)FabaceaetreeAlbizialebbeckEnglish:siris-tree,raintree,EastIndianwalnut,kokko,woman's-tonguetree,soros-tree,raomtree;French:boisnoir;Other:'arapitia(CookIslands(Miti'aro));trongkon-mames,tronkonmames,mamis(Guam);kalaskas,trongkon-kalaskas(CNMI–Chamorro);schepilkalaskas(CNMI–Carolinian);ukallrangebard(Palau);gumorningabchey;ngumorrningobchey(Yap);'ohai(Hawai'i);vaivai,vaivainivavalangi,vaivainivavalagi(Fiji);tamaligipa'epa'e(Samoa);kasia(Tonga)FabaceaetreeAleuritesmoluccanaEnglish:candlenut,Indianwalnut;French:bancoulier,bancoulier,noyerdebancoul,noyerdesMoluques;Other:lumbang(Guam),raguar(CarolineIslands);sakan,shakan(Pohnpei);lama(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kukui(Hawai'i);tuitui(CookIslands,Niue,Tonga),'ama(Marquesas);lauci,lauthe,lauthi,toto,tuitui,tutui,waiwai,sekeci,sikethi,sikeli,nggerenggere(Fiji);tahiitiairi,ti'a'iri,tutui,tahiri(FrenchPolynesia)Euphorbiaceaetree*AnnonamuricataEnglish:soursop,pricklycustardapple;French:corossolier,cacheimantierépineux,cachimanépineux,corossolépineux;Other:kātara'apa(CookIslands);kātara'apapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));naponapotaratara(CookIslands(Aitutaki));saasaf,sasaf(Chuuk);tapotapopapaa(FrenchPolynesia);laguana,laguaná,laguanaha,laguanaba,labuanaha(Guam);sosap(Kosrae);jojaab(MarshallIslands);syasyap(NorthernMarianaIslands),talapofotofoto(Niue),sausab(Palau);sei,sae,trukashai(Pohnpei);sasalapa(Samoa);'apele'initia(Tonga);sausau(Yap)Annonaceaetree*AnnonasquamosaEnglish:sugarapple,sweetsop,custardapple,sugarapple;French:annoneécailleuse,pomme-canelle;Other:tapotapo(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);tapotapoMāori(CookIslands);kātara'apaMāori(CookIslands(Mangaia));naponapoMāori(CookIslands(Aitutaki));atis,ates(Guam);ngelrangebard(Palau),'apelepapalangi,'apeleTonga(Tonga),nameana(Tuvalu)Annonaceaetree*AsparagussetaceusEnglish:ornamentalasparagus,climbingasparagusfern,plumosa;French:aspergeplumeuse;Other:remu(CookIslands);taupo'ou(Tonga)LiliaceaevineBambusavulgarisEnglish:bamboo;French:bambou;Other:iich(Chuuk);ko'epapa'ā(CookIslands);bitu(Fiji);'ohe(FrenchPolynesia,Hawai'i);'ofe(FrenchPolynesia,Samoa),pi'ao,pi'aopalaoan(GuamandNorthernMarianas-Chamorro);bwai(GuamandNorthernMarianas-Carolinian);bambu(Kosrae);tekaibaba(Kiribati);bae,koba(MarshallIslands);kahopalangi(Niue);pehriensapahn(Pohnpei);bambuu(Palau);'ofeFiti,'ofepapalagi(Samoa);kofe(Tonga,Tuvalu);pitu(Tonga);pampu(Tuvalu);moor(Yap)PoaceaetreeBauhiniamonandraEnglish:orchid-tree,St.
Thomas-tree,Napoleon'splume;flamboyant(Pohnpei),floresmariposa(CNMI);mariposa(Guam);pinkbutterflytree(Fiji);Other:vaepovi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pine(CookIslands(Rarotonga),FrenchPolynesia);pīpī(CookIslands(Aitu));pī(CookIslands(Ma'ukeandMiti'aro));pinefualoloa(Niue)Fabaceaetree97ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitCalopogoniummucunoidesEnglish:calopo;Other:akankan-guakag(Guam)FabaceaevineCanangaodorataEnglish:perfumetree;French:canangodorant;Other:moso'oi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pwanang,pwuur,pwalang(Chuuk);ylang-ylang,lengileng;(CNMI);mata'oi,mato'oi,moto'oi,(CookIslands,Niue,Tahiti);makasoi,makosoi,makusui,mokohoi,mokosoi(Fiji);moto'i(FrenchPolynesia);ilang-ilang,alang-ilang(Guam,Philippines);lanalana(Hawai'i);ilanlang,ilahnglahng(Kosrae);ilanilan,ilala(MarshallIslands);motoi(Niue);chiráng,irang(Palau);pur-n-wai,pwurenwai,sair-n-wai,seirinwai,seirenwai(Pohnpei);mohoki,mohokoi(Tonga)AnnonaceaetreeCardiospermumhalicacabumEnglish:balloonvine,heartpea,love-in-a-puff;Other:waniu,voniu(Fiji);vinivinio(FrenchPolynesia),poniu,haleakai'a,'inalua,pohuehueuka(Hawai'i)SapindaceaevineCeibapentandraEnglish:kapok,kapoktree,silk-cottontree,pacae;French:kapokier,capoc,boiscoton;Spanish:ceibo;Other:vavae(AmericanSamoa,Samoa,Niue,Tonga);koton(Chuuk);vavai(CookIslandsandFrenchPolynesia);vavaimama'u,vavaimaori(CookIslands);mama'u(CookIslands(Mangaia,Aitutaki));vauvaunivavalangi,semar(Fiji);algodondeManila,atgodondiManila,algidon,atgidondeManila(Guam);kuhtin,cutin(Kosrae);koatoa,atagodon,bulik,kotin(MarshallIslands);kalngebard,kalngebárd,kerrekarngebard(Palau);cottin,koatun,koatoa(Pohnpei);arughuschel(Saipan),battenigan'ken(Yap);vavaunilokoloko(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)BombacaceaetreeCenchrusechinatusEnglish:burgrass,sand-bur,southernsandbur,MossmanRivergrass(Australia);French:herbeacateaux(Mauritius);Other:tuitui,vaotuitui(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);piripiri(CookIslands);pārango(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));sembulabula(Fiji);piri-piri,pipiri(FrenchPolynesia);mau'ukuku,'ume'alu(Hawai'i);teanti,tekateketeke(Kiribati);cram-cram(NewCaledonia);motievihilago,mosievihilango(Niue);lklk,klklk,lellik,lekelik,liklik,karmwijmwij,karumwij(MarshallIslands);cauit-cauitan(Philippines);hefa(Tonga)PoaceaegrassCentrosemapubescensEnglish:centro,butterfly-pea;French:fleur-languette,poisbtard;Other:piriarero(CookIslands(Miti'aro));pinindola(Fiji)FabaceaeherbCinnamomumverumEnglish:cinnamontree;French:cannelierdeCeylan;Other:ochodrangebard(Palau).
tinamoni,tigamoni(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)LauraceaetreeCoffeaarabicaEnglish:coffee;French:café,caféierd'Arabie;Spanish:café,cafeto;Other:kaope,kaopeMaori(CookIslands);kove(Fiji);kofe(Fiji,Niue,Samoa),kofi(Tonga);kafe(Marquesas);taofe(Tahiti)RubiaceaetreeCommelinadiffusaEnglish:commelina,dayflower,wanderingJew,spiderwort;Spanish:chiriyuyo;Other:mauku-vai,mauku'oro'enua,maukupuakatoro(CookIslands);semprebiban-damalong(Guam);honohono(Hawai'i);mau'utoga,mau'uTonga(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);mohukuvai,musiematalapulu(Tonga);airorongi,airongorongo,airogorogo,cobulabula,rongomatailevu,thombulambula,matembulambula,drano,duludauwere,ndrano,ndulandauwere,luna,thonggalonggalo(Fiji),ma'apape(FrenchPolynesia)CommelinaceaeherbCynodondactylonEnglish:Bermudagrass,giantBermudagrass,bahamagrass,devil'sgrass,couchgrass,Indiandoab,grama,devilgrass,couchgrass,balamagrass;French:chiendent,petitchiendent,chiendentpied-de-poule;Other:matie(CookIslands);manini,manienie(Hawai'i);motiemolulu(Niue);kambuta,kabuta(Fiji);mosiemolulu(Niue);herbedecouverture(NewCaledonia);pastobermuda,zacatebermuda,gramadulce,gramón,hierbafina,grama-seda,(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)PoaceaegrassCyperusrotundusEnglish:nutgrass,nutsedge,purplenutsedge,cocograss;French:souchetrond,souchetàtubercules,herbeàoignon;Other:mauku'ōniāni,'ōniāni(CookIslands);soronakambani,soranakambani,soronikabani,ivako,malanga,vucesa,motha,vuthesamotha(Fiji);chaguanhumatag(Guam);kili'o'opu,mau'umokae(Hawai'i);temumute(Kiribati);tuteoneon(MarshallIslands);mumuta(Samoa,Tokelau);pakopako(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeDerrismalaccensisEnglish:NewGuineacreeper;Other:'avaniukini(AmericanSamoa);'orapāpua,rakaupapua(CookIslands);nduva,tuva,nduvaniniukini(Fiji);horapapua(FrenchPolynesia);akauniukini(Niue);fuefa'i'ava(Samoa);kavafisi(Tonga)FabaceaevineDigitariaciliarisEnglish:Henry'scrabgrass,smoothcrabgrass,tropicalcrabgrass,largecrabgrass,southerncrabgrass,fingergrass,summergrass;French:digitaireciliée;Other:kukaepua'a(Hawai'i);Saulangi(Niue)Poaceaegrass98ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitEleusineindicaEnglish:goosegrass,wiregrass,goosefoot,crow'sfoot,bullgrass;French:pieddepoule;Other:fahitalo,lauta'ata'a,ta'ata'a(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);maukumārōki'aki'a(CookIslands);kavoronaisivi,vorovoroisivi,ghoraya(Fiji);tamamau(FrenchPolynesia),umog(Guam);manienieali'i(Hawaii);mahkwekwe(Kosrae);katejukjuk(MarshallIslands);mosiefahitalo(Niue);deskim,keteketarmalk(Palau);rehtakai(Pohnpei);takataka,takataka'aleala,mohukusiamane(Tonga);teuteute(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)PoaceaegrassEugeniaunifloraEnglish:Surinamcherry,redBrazilcherry;French:cerisiercarré,cerisierdeCayenne;Other:venevene(CookIslands);menemene(CookIslands(Mangaia));kafika,kafikapalangi(Niue),pitanga(Brazil)Myrtaceaeshrub/tree*HedychiumcoronariumEnglish:whiteginger,butterflylily,gingerlily,garlandflower;Other:teuilapaepae(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tunun,sinser(Chuuk);kōpīteatea,re'ateatea(CookIslands);ndrove,cevugavula,dalasika(Fiji);thevunga(Fiji,Tonga);'awapuhike'oke'o(Hawai'i);sinterpwetepwet(Pohnpei);tolon(Puluwat)ZingiberaceaeherbHyptispectinataEnglish:combhyptis,combbushmint,mintweed,purpletop;French:faussementhe;Spanish:poleooiso(Galapagos);Other:miritītā(CookIslands('Atiu));tamoleniveikau,tamolinivavalangi,timothinivavalangi,wavuwavu,ndamoli,bentulsia(Fiji);mumutunlahe,mumutunpalaoan,mumutanademelon(Guam);vaomini(Samoa)LamiaceaeherbKyllingabrevifoliaEnglish:greenkyllinga,greenwatersedge;Other:tumu'enua(CookIslands(Ma'uke));kili'o'opu,kaluha,manunene,mau'umokae(Hawai'i);tuise(Samoa);pakopako(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeKyllinganemoralisEnglish:whitekyllinga,whiteheadspikesedge,whitewatersedge;Other:neke'enua(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Ngaputoru));chaguanlemae,botoncillo(Guam—Chamorro);kili'o'opu(Hawai'i),ta'ata'a,ta'ata'avilitaliga,matieupo'o,matieTahiti,mo'uupo'onui,mo'uupo'o,tuise(Samoa);pakopako,pakopako'aekuma(Tahiti);tuise(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgeLeonurusjaponicusEnglish:lion'stail,Chinesemotherwort;Other:vavaitara(CookIslands(Miti'aro)LamiaceaeherbMacroptiliumatropurpureumEnglish:siratro,purplebushbeanFabaceaeherbMeliaazedarachEnglish:Chinaberry,pride-of-India,indianlilac,Persianlilac,whitecedar,margosatree,tira;French:lilasdesIndes,arbreàchapelets;Spanish:jazmin(GalapagosIs.
);Other:tīra(CookIslands);dake,bakain(Fiji),paraiso,para'isu(Guam);'inia,'ilinia(Hawai'i);sili,tili(Niue);lelah(Pohnpei);sita(Tonga);prais(Yap)MeliaceaetreeMikaniamicranthaEnglish:mile-a-minuteweed,Chinesecreeper,Americanrope,bittervine;French:lianeaméricaine,liane-serpent;Other:fuesaina(AmericanSamoa,SamoaandNiue);pōkutekute(CookIslands('Atiu));wambosuthu,wambosuvu,wambutako,wandamele,ovaova,wabosucu,usuvanua(Fiji);foulaina(Niue),teb'lyas(Palau);kwalokoburu,(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)AsteraceaevineMimosapudicaEnglish:sensitiveplant,sleepinggrass;French:sensitive;Other:la'aufefe,vaofefe,vaotuitui,tuitui(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pikika'a,rākaupikika'a,rākau'avare,rākau'avarevare,tiarepikika'a,tītāpikika'a,rākaupikika(CookIslands);paope'āvare(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));thongandrongandro,thokandrodandro,cogadrogadro(Fiji);poheha'avare,popeha'avare(FrenchPolynesia);betguensosa(Guam);puahilahila(Hawai'i);memege(Niue);mechiuaiu(Palau);limemeihr(Pohnpei);mateloi(Tonga)FabaceaeherbOcimumgratissimumEnglish:wildbasil,clovebasil,treebasil;French:basilic,menthegabonaise;Other:miritītā,miritūtaepuaka,miringanga'ere,miritūpāpaku(CookIslands);miripapa'ā,miritaratoni(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);la'ausauga(Samoa)LamiaceaeherbPaspalumconjugatumEnglish:Tgrass,tigrass,sourgrass;sourpalpalum,buffalograss,carabaograss,Hilograss(Hawai'i);French:herbesure,herbecréole;herbedetauère(NewCaledonia);Other:vaolima,(AmericanSamoa,Samoa,Tonga,Niue);fetinwumwune(Chuuk);maukutaravao,maukukatini(CookIslands);mau'uHilo(Hawai'i),muhsrasre(Kosrae);moisevaolima,motievaolima(NiueandTonga);udelrangebei(Palau);rehnwai(Pohnpei);vaolimamatafao,vaolimapapalagi(Samoa)PoaceaegrassPaspalumdilatatumEnglish:paspalum,dallisgrass,watergrass;French:paspalumdilaté,herbesirop,herbedemiel,herbededallis,milletbtard;Other:hikunua(Niue)Poaceaegrass99ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitPassifloraedulisEnglish:passionfruit,yellowpassionfruit,purplepassionfruit,qarandila,purplegranadilla;French:grenadille;Spanish:maracuya(GalapagosIs.
);Other:pārapōutinipapa'ā(CookIslands);ka'atenepapa'ā,katingapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));liliko'i(Hawai'i),pompom(Pohnpei);pasio(Samoa);vaine(Tonga)PassifloraceaevinePassifloramaliformisEnglish:hard-shelledpassionfruit,sweetcalabash,sweetcup;French:pommecalabas;Other:pārapōutini'enua,pārapōutiniMaori(CookIslands);ka'ateneMaori,katingaMaori(CookIslands(Mangaia));pasio(Samoa),vainekai(Tonga)Passifloraceaevine*PassifloraquadrangularisEnglish:granadilla,giantgranadilla;French:barbadine;Spanish:badea(GalapagosIs.
);Other:papatini,pārapōtini,pārapōtinimaata(CookIslands);kūkuma(CookIslands('Atiu));maratini(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Miti'aro));parapautini(FrenchPolynesia);palasini,palatini,vinefualalahi,vinepalasini,tinitini(Niue);kudamono(Palau);pasio(Samoa);pasione(Tonga)PassifloraceaevinePassiflorarubraEnglish:redpassionfruit,Dutchman'slaudanum;Other:pōkutekute(CookIslands('Atiu))PassifloraceaevinePimentaracemosaEnglish:baytree,bayrumtree,bayoiltree,malagueta;Other:sinamoni(Tonga)MyrtaceaetreePsidiumcattleianumEnglish:strawberryguava,cherryguava,Cattleyguava,Chineseguava;French:goyavierdeChine;Other:tūavapapa'ā(CookIslands);ngguava(Fiji),tuavatinito,tuvavatinito(FrenchPolynesia);waiawi'ula'ula(Hawai'i);kuahpa(Pohnpei);ku'ava(Samoa)MyrtaceaetreePsidiumguajavaEnglish:guava;French:goyavier;Spanish:guayaba,guayabo;Other:ku'ava(AmericanSamoa,Tonga,Tuvalu,Fiji,Samoa);kuafa(Chuuk);tūava,tūvava(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);quwawa,nguava,ngguavaniIndia,amrut(Fiji);tumutuava(FrenchPolynesia);abasguayaba(Galapagos);abas(Guam,Saipan-Chamorro,Yap);kuawa,kuawake'oke'o,kuawalemi,kuawamomona,pauwa(Hawai'i);kuhfahfah(Kosrae);tekuava,tekuawa(Kiribati);kuwawa(Nauru);kautoga,kautonga,kautogatane,kautongatane(Niue);guabang,kuabang(Palau);guahva,kuahpa(Pohnpei);apas(Saipan);abwas(Saipan-Carolinian)MyrtaceaetreeRuelliaprostrataEnglish:blackweed,bellweed;Other:vaouli(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tītā'aruru(CookIslands(Miti'aro));vaoelefane(Samoa)Acanthaceaeherb*SamaneasamanEnglish:monkeypod,raintree,saman;French:arbredepluie;Other:tronkonmames,trongkon-mames(CNMI-Chamorro);filinganga(CNMI-Carolinian);gumornispanis(Yap);'ohai,pu'ohai(Hawai'i);vaivainivavalangi,vaivainivavalagi(Fiji),malapa(Samoa);kasia(Tonga)Fabaceaetree*SambucusmexicanaEnglish:elderberry,MexicanelderCaprifoliaceaesmalltreeSansevieriatrifasciataEnglish:bowstringhemp,mother-in-law'stongue;French:chanvred'Afrique;Other:riri(CookIslands);tigre(Guam),kitelel(Palau)AgavaceaeherbStachytarphetacayennensisEnglish:bluerat'stail,dark-bluesnakeweed,falseverbena,nettleleafvelvetberry;French:herbebleue;Other:ouchung,sakura(Chuuk),tiāki(CookIslands(Miti'aro));louchbeluu(Palau);mautofutai,mautofuvao,matofufualanumoana(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);teuti(Kiribati);mautofuSamoa,motofuSamoa(Niue);hiku'ikuma,hiku'kuma,'iku'ikuma,iku'ikuma(Tonga);turulakaka,tumbutumbu,serakawa,lavenia,sekarakarawa(Fiji)VerbenaceaeherbSyzygiumcuminiEnglish:Javaplum;jambolanplum;French:faux-pistachier,jamelonguier,jamélongue,jambolanier;Other:pistati,ka'ika(CookIslands);paramu(CookIslands(Aitutaki);duhat(Guam);mesegerak,mesekerrak,mesekerrák,mesigerak(Palau);jamelonguier(NewCaledonia);kavikaniIndia,jammun(Fiji)MyrtaceaetreeSyzygiumjambosEnglish:malabarplum,roseapple,Malayapple;French:jambosier,pomme-rose,pommierrose;Spanish:pomarosa;Other:ka'ikapapa'ā(CookIslandsexceptMa'uke),ka'ikatakataka(CookIslands);ka'ikavarani(CookIslands(Mangaia));ka'ika(CookIslands('Atiu));kavika,kavikanivavalangi,kavikaniIndia(Fiji),ahi'apapa'a,ahi'apopa'a(FrenchPolynesia),'ohi'aloke(Hawai'i);iouenwai,youenwai,apelenwai(Pohnpei);seaseapapalagi(Samoa);fekikapapalangi(Tonga)MyrtaceaetreeTephrosiacandidaEnglish:whitetephrosia,whitehoary-pea;Frenchindigosauvage,indigoblancFabaceaeshrubThevetiaperuvianaEnglish:yellowoleander,be-stilltree,luckynut;French:oléandrejaune;Other:koneta(Chuuk);venevene(CookIslands(Mangaia)),'enere(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Miti'aro));nohomalie(Hawai'i);irelepsech(Yap)Apocynaceaesmalltree100ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitThunbergiafragransEnglish:whitelady,whitethunbergia,sweetclock-vine;Other:fuehina(Tonga)AcanthaceaevineTithoniadiversifoliaEnglish:treemarigold,shrubsunflower,Mexicansunflower,Japanesesunflower;Other:puarenga(CookIslands);tiarerengarenga(CookIslands(Aitutaki));kavakava,puarenga(CookIslands(Ma'uke));matala(Niue)AsteraceaeshrubTradescantiaspathaceaEnglish:oysterplant,boatplant,boatlily,mosesinaboat;Other:ririmangio(CookIslands(Ma'uke));ririraei(CookIslands(Miti'aro));talotalo,laupapaki(Niue);fainakula(Tonga)CommelinaceaeherbTriumfettarhomboideaEnglish:Chineseburr,paroquetburr,burrbush;Other:manutofu,mautofu,mautofuvao(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);vavaitaratītā(CookIslands);piripiri(CookIslands(Aitutaki));qatima(Fiji),urio(FrenchPolynesia);dadangsi,masiksiklahe(Guam);mosipo(Niue);mo'osipo(Tonga)TiliaceaeshrubUrenalobataEnglish:hibiscusburr,aramina,caesarweed,pinkChineseburr,urenaburr,burmallow;French:juteafricain,cousinurène;Other:mautofu(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);nognuk,ocher(Chuuk);qatima,gataya,nggatima(Fiji);vavaitaratītā(CookIslands(Ma'uke));piripiri(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);dadangsi,dadangsiapaka,dadangsimachingat,dádangse(Guam);motipo,mosipo(Niue);chosuchedekui,osuchedarechui(Palau);karap,korop(Pohnpei);mo'osipoTonga(Tonga)MalvaceaeshrubUrochloamuticaEnglish:Californiagrass,paragrass,buffalograss,Mauritiusgrass,signalgrass;French:herbedePara;Other:maukupuakatoro(CookIslands);puakatau(Tonga)(Swarbrick,1997)PoaceaegrassUrochloasubquadriparaEnglish:brachiaria,greensummergrass,tropicalsignalgrass,corigrassPoaceaegrass*Onlyseenorreportedtobeincultivation101Appendix10.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciesreportedtobepresentonotherCookIslandsScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitOtherCookIs.
LocationsAcaciamangiumEnglish:mangium,brownsalwood,blackwattle,hickorywattle;Other:ākasia(CookIslands);tuhkehnpwelmwahu(Pohnpei)FabaceaetreePenrhynAnnonamuricataEnglish:soursop,pricklycustardapple;French:corossolier,cacheimantierépineux,cachimanépineux,corossolépineux;Other:kātara'apa(CookIslands);kātara'apapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));naponapotaratara(CookIslands(Aitutaki));saasaf,sasaf(Chuuk);tapotapopapaa(FrenchPolynesia);laguana,laguaná,laguanaha,laguanaba,labuanaha(Guam);sosap(Kosrae);jojaab(MarshallIslands);syasyap(NorthernMarianaIslands),talapofotofoto(Niue),sausab(Palau);sei,sae,trukashai(Pohnpei);sasalapa(Samoa);'apele'initia(Tonga);sausau(Yap)AnnonaceaetreePenrhyn(cult.
)AnnonasquamosaEnglish:sugarapple,sweetsop,custardapple,sugarapple;French:annoneécailleuse,pomme-canelle;Other:tapotapo(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);tapotapoMāori(CookIslands);kātara'apaMāori(CookIslands(Mangaia));naponapoMāori(CookIslands(Aitutaki));atis,ates(Guam);ngelrangebard(Palau),'apelepapalangi,'apeleTonga(Tonga),nameana(Tuvalu)AnnonaceaetreeManihhiki(cult.
),Penrhyn(cult.
),Pukapuka(cult.
)AsparagussetaceusEnglish:ornamentalasparagus,climbingasparagusfern,plumosa;French:aspergeplumeuse;Other:remu(CookIslands);taupo'ou(Tonga)LiliaceaevinePalmerstonBryophyllumpinnatumEnglish:lifeplant,airplant,resurrectionplant,Canterburybells,cathedralbells,Mexicanloveplant;Spanish:hojadelaire;Other:ngāngā'eretoka(CookIslands);bulatawamudu(Fiji);'oliwakukahakai(Hawai'i);teang(Kiribati);kibilia(MarshallIslands);tupuhelau,tupunoa(Niue);pagi(Samoa);pipivao(Tonga)CrassulaceaeherbManihiki,Rakahanga(cult.
)CenchrusechinatusEnglish:burgrass,sand-bur,southernsandbur,MossmanRivergrass(Australia);French:herbeacateaux(Mauritius);Other:tuitui,vaotuitui(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);piripiri(CookIslands);pārango(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));sembulabula(Fiji);piri-piri,pipiri(FrenchPolynesia);mau'ukuku,'ume'alu(Hawai'i);teanti,tekateketeke(Kiribati);cram-cram(NewCaledonia);motievihilago,mosievihilango(Niue);lklk,klklk,lellik,lekelik,liklik,karmwijmwij,karumwij(MarshallIslands);cauit-cauitan(Philippines);hefa(Tonga)PoaceaegrassManihiki,Manuae,Nassau,Palmerston,Penrhyn,Rakahanga,PukapukaChlorisbarbataEnglish:swollenfingergrass,purpletopchloris(Australia),airportgrass(Fiji);Other:mau'ulei(Hawai'i)PoaceaegrassPenrhynClerodendrumbuchananiivar.
fallaxEnglish:redclerodendrum,pagoda-flower;Other:rākautupopoku(CookIslands('Atiu));talufe(Niue);lau'awa(Hawai'i);amo'ula,amo'ule(Tonga)VerbenaceaeshrubManihikiCommelinadiffusaEnglish:commelina,dayflower,wanderingJew,spiderwort;Spanish:chiriyuyo;Other:mauku-vai,mauku'oro'enua,maukupuakatoro(CookIslands);semprebiban-damalong(Guam);honohono(Hawai'i);mau'utoga,mau'uTonga(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);mohukuvai,musiematalapulu(Tonga);airorongi,airongorongo,airogorogo,cobulabula,rongomatailevu,thombulambula,matembulambula,drano,duludauwere,ndrano,ndulandauwere,luna,thonggalonggalo(Fiji),ma'apape(FrenchPolynesia)CommelinaceaeherbManihikiCryptostegiamadagascariensisEnglish:MadagascarrubbervineAsclepiadaceaevinePenrhyn(cult.
)102ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitOtherCookIs.
LocationsCynodondactylonEnglish:Bermudagrass,giantBermudagrass,bahamagrass,devil'sgrass,couchgrass,Indiandoab,grama,devilgrass,couchgrass,balamagrass;French:chiendent,petitchiendent,chiendentpied-de-poule;Other:matie(CookIslands);manini,manienie(Hawai'i);motiemolulu(Niue);kambuta,kabuta(Fiji);mosiemolulu(Niue);herbedecouverture(NewCaledonia);pastobermuda,zacatebermuda,gramadulce,gramón,hierbafina,grama-seda,(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)PoaceaegrassManihiki,PenrhynCyperusrotundusEnglish:nutgrass,nutsedge,purplenutsedge,cocograss;French:souchetrond,souchetàtubercules,herbeàoignon;Other:mauku'ōniāni,'ōniāni(CookIslands);soronakambani,soranakambani,soronikabani,ivako,malanga,vucesa,motha,vuthesamotha(Fiji);chaguanhumatag(Guam);kili'o'opu,mau'umokae(Hawai'i);temumute(Kiribati);tuteoneon(MarshallIslands);mumuta(Samoa,Tokelau);pakopako(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgePenrhynDieffenbachiaseguineEnglish:dieffenbachia,dumbcane;Other:yalunivavalagi(Fiji)AraceaeherbPenrhyn(cult.
)DigitariaciliarisEnglish:Henry'scrabgrass,smoothcrabgrass,tropicalcrabgrass,largecrabgrass,southerncrabgrass,fingergrass,summergrass;French:digitaireciliée;Other:kukaepua'a(Hawai'i);Saulangi(Niue)PoaceaegrassManihiki,Manuae,Palmerston,Penrhyn,Pukapuka,RakahangaEleusineindicaEnglish:goosegrass,wiregrass,goosefoot,crow'sfoot,bullgrass;French:pieddepoule;Other:fahitalo,lauta'ata'a,ta'ata'a(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);maukumārōki'aki'a(CookIslands);kavoronaisivi,vorovoroisivi,ghoraya(Fiji);tamamau(FrenchPolynesia),umog(Guam);manienieali'i(Hawaii);mahkwekwe(Kosrae);katejukjuk(MarshallIslands);mosiefahitalo(Niue);deskim,keteketarmalk(Palau);rehtakai(Pohnpei);takataka,takataka'aleala,mohukusiamane(Tonga);teuteute(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)PoaceaegrassManihiki,Nassau,Palmerston,Penrhyn,Pukapuka,RakahangaEugeniaunifloraEnglish:Surinamcherry,redBrazilcherry;French:cerisiercarré,cerisierdeCayenne;Other:venevene(CookIslands);menemene(CookIslands(Mangaia));kafika,kafikapalangi(Niue),pitanga(Brazil)Myrtaceaeshrub/treeManihiki,PalmerstonKyllingabrevifoliaEnglish:greenkyllinga,greenwatersedge;Other:tumu'enua(CookIslands(Ma'uke));kili'o'opu,kaluha,manunene,mau'umokae(Hawai'i);tuise(Samoa);pakopako(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgePukapuka,RakahangaKyllinganemoralisEnglish:whitekyllinga,whiteheadspikesedge,whitewatersedge;Other:neke'enua(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Ngaputoru));chaguanlemae,botoncillo(Guam—Chamorro);kili'o'opu(Hawai'i),ta'ata'a,ta'ata'avilitaliga,matieupo'o,matieTahiti,mo'uupo'onui,mo'uupo'o,tuise(Samoa);pakopako,pakopako'aekuma(Tahiti);tuise(Tonga)CyperaceaesedgePenrhyn,RakahangaMimosapudicaEnglish:sensitiveplant,sleepinggrass;French:sensitive;Other:la'aufefe,vaofefe,vaotuitui,tuitui(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pikika'a,rākaupikika'a,rākau'avare,rākau'avarevare,tiarepikika'a,tītāpikika'a,rākaupikika(CookIslands);paope'āvare(CookIslands(Ngaputoru));thongandrongandro,thokandrodandro,cogadrogadro(Fiji);poheha'avare,popeha'avare(FrenchPolynesia);betguensosa(Guam);puahilahila(Hawai'i);memege(Niue);mechiuaiu(Palau);limemeihr(Pohnpei);mateloi(Tonga)FabaceaeherbPalmerstonMuntingiacalaburaEnglish:jamtree,strawberrytree,Jamaicancherry,Singaporecherry,Panamacherry,Panamaberry,ornamentalcherry,calabura,sirsen;French:boisramier;Other:venevene(CookIslands(Penrhyn));capulin(Fiji,FrenchPolynesia);manzanilla,mansanita,manzanita(Guam,CNMI),budo(Palau,Yap)TiliaceaetreeManihiki,Penrhyn,Pukapuka,Rakahanga103ScientificNameCommonNamesFamilyHabitOtherCookIs.
LocationsPaspalumconjugatumEnglish:Tgrass,tigrass,sourgrass;sourpalpalum,buffalograss,carabaograss,Hilograss(Hawai'i);French:herbesure,herbecréole;herbedetauère(NewCaledonia);Other:vaolima,(AmericanSamoa,Samoa,Tonga,Niue);fetinwumwune(Chuuk);maukutaravao,maukukatini(CookIslands);mau'uHilo(Hawai'i),muhsrasre(Kosrae);moisevaolima,motievaolima(NiueandTonga);udelrangebei(Palau);rehnwai(Pohnpei);vaolimamatafao,vaolimapapalagi(Samoa)PoaceaegrassPalmerston,RakahangaPlucheacarolinensisEnglish:sourbushAsteraceaeshrubPenrhynPlucheaindicaEnglish:Indianfleabane,Indianpluchea,IndiancamphorweedAsteraceaeshrubPenrhynPsidiumcattleianumEnglish:strawberryguava,cherryguava,Cattleyguava,Chineseguava;French:goyavierdeChine;Other:tūavapapa'ā(CookIslands);ngguava(Fiji),tuavatinito,tuvavatinito(FrenchPolynesia);waiawi'ula'ula(Hawai'i);kuahpa(Pohnpei);ku'ava(Samoa)MyrtaceaetreeManihikiPsidiumguajavaEnglish:guava;French:goyavier;Spanish:guayaba,guayabo;Other:ku'ava(AmericanSamoa,Tonga,Tuvalu,Fiji,Samoa);kuafa(Chuuk);tūava,tūvava(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);quwawa,nguava,ngguavaniIndia,amrut(Fiji);tumutuava(FrenchPolynesia);abasguayaba(Galapagos);abas(Guam,Saipan-Chamorro,Yap);kuawa,kuawake'oke'o,kuawalemi,kuawamomona,pauwa(Hawai'i);kuhfahfah(Kosrae);tekuava,tekuawa(Kiribati);kuwawa(Nauru);kautoga,kautonga,kautogatane,kautongatane(Niue);guabang,kuabang(Palau);guahva,kuahpa(Pohnpei);apas(Saipan);abwas(Saipan-Carolinian)MyrtaceaetreeManihiki,Palmerston,Penrhyn,Pukapuka,RakahangaSansevieriatrifasciataEnglish:bowstringhemp,mother-in-law'stongue;French:chanvred'Afrique;Other:riri(CookIslands);tigre(Guam),kitelel(Palau)AgavaceaeherbManihiki,Nassau,Palmerston,Penrhyn,Pukapuka,RakahangaSpathodeacampanulataEnglish:Africantuliptree,fireball,fountaintree;French:tulipierduGabon,pisse-pisse;Spanish:tulipanafricano;Other:kō'ī'ī,mimi,pātītīvaipatitivai,pititivai(CookIslands);matakō'ī'īko'i'i(CookIslands(Mangaia));apr(CNMI);tagamimi(Fiji);orsachelkui(Palau);tuhkedulip(Pohnpei);fa'apasi(Samoa);tiulipe(Tonga);rarningobchey(Yap)BignoniaceaetreeManihikiStachytarphetacayennensisEnglish:bluerat'stail,dark-bluesnakeweed,falseverbena,nettleleafvelvetberry;French:herbebleue;Other:ouchung,sakura(Chuuk),tiāki(CookIslands(Miti'aro));louchbeluu(Palau);mautofutai,mautofuvao,matofufualanumoana(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);teuti(Kiribati);mautofuSamoa,motofuSamoa(Niue);hiku'ikuma,hiku'kuma,'iku'ikuma,iku'ikuma(Tonga);turulakaka,tumbutumbu,serakawa,lavenia,sekarakarawa(Fiji)VerbenaceaeherbManihiki,Palmerston,PukapukaSyngoniumangustatumEnglish:arrowheadplant,goosefootplantAraceaevinePenrhynTradescantiaspathaceaEnglish:oysterplant,boatplant,boatlily,mosesinaboat;Other:ririmangio(CookIslands(Ma'uke));ririraei(CookIslands(Miti'aro));talotalo,laupapaki(Niue);fainakula(Tonga)CommelinaceaeherbManihiki,RakahangaTribuluscistoidesEnglish:puncturevine,caltrop,burrnut,Jamaicanfeverplant,goat'shead;Spanish:cachodechivo;Other:nohu,nohunohu(Hawai'i);temaukinikini(Kiribati)ZygophyllaceaeherbPenrhynSource:CookIslandsNaturalHeritageProjectandBillSykes(pers.
com.
)104Appendix11.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonothersouthernCookIslandsbutnotonRarotongaScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:AcaciaaulacocarpaEnglish:brownsalwood,brushironbarkwattle,hickorywattleMangaiaAcaciacrassicarpaEnglish:northernwattle,PapuaNewGuinearedwattle'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAcaciacurassavicaredwoodMa'ukeAnacardiumoccidentaleEnglish:cashew,cashewnut;French:anacardier,pommedecojou,acajouapommes,pommierd'acajou;Other:kātū(CookIslands);kasoi(Guam);'apu'initia(Samoa);'apu,kesiu(Tonga)'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAristolochialittoralisEnglish:Dutchman'spipe,calicoflower;Other:mokorā(CookIslands);fuepaipaholani(Tonga)MangaiaBothriochloabladhiiEnglish:bluegrass,Australianbeardgrass,Caucasianbluestem;Other:desum(Palau);latokagrass,thambonigrass(Fiji)AitutakiCallisiafragransEnglish:fragrantinchplant,basketplant,spironemaAitutaki,'AtiuCardiospermumhalicacabumEnglish:balloonvine,heartpea,love-in-a-puff;Other:waniu,voniu(Fiji);vinivinio(FrenchPolynesia),poniu,haleakai'a,'inalua,pohuehueuka(Hawai'i)Miti'aroCrotalariamicansEnglish:crotalaria;Other:pinekotalelia,pile(Niue)Mangaia,Ma'ukeDesmodiumtortuosumEnglish:Floridabeggarweed,Spanishclover,dixieticktrefoilMangaiaMimosainvisaEnglish:giantsensitiveplant,nilagrass;French:grandesensitive,sensitivegèante;Other:pikika'apapa'ā(CookIslands(Aitutaki));vaofefepalagi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa),wangandrongandrolevu,wangandrongandroniwangalelevu,cogadrogadro(Fiji);mechiuaiuu(Palau);limemeihrlaud(Pohnpei);singbiguinsasa(Saipan);la'aufefetele,la'aufefepalagi(Samoa);AitutakiPassifloralaurifoliaEnglish:yellowgranadilla,belleapple,yellowwater-lemon;French:pomme-liane,pommed'or;Other:pasiovao(Samoa);vaine'aekuma(Tonga)Ma'ukePassifloraligularisEnglish:sweetgranadilla,yellowpassionfruit;French:granadille,grenadilledouce,barbadine;French:granadille,grenadilledouce,barbadine;Other:lemiwai,laniwai,lemona(Hawai'i)Ma'ukePhyllostachysbissetiiEnglish:runningbambooMangaiaSennasiameaEnglish:cassodtree,kassodtree,Siamesecassia,pheasantwood,Thailandshower;French:boisperdrix;Other:kasia(Tonga)'AtiuSennatoraEnglish:foetidcassia,stinkingcassia,Java-bean,sicklesenna,sicklepod,Chinesesenna,peanutweed,sicklesenna;French:cassiersauvage,poispuant,séné;Other:vaopinati(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kaumoce,kaumothe,pini,tarota(Fiji);mumutunadmelon,mumutunpalaoan,amot-tumagacarabao(Guam),te'epulu,tengafefeka(Tonga)Ma'ukeStylosanthesguianensisEnglish:stylo,Brazilianlucerne,tropicallucerne,Nigerianstylo;Other:maukupuakatoro(CookIslands('Atiu))'Atiu,Ma'ukeTephrosiacandidaEnglish:whitetephrosia,whitehoary-pea;Frenchindigosauvage,indigoblancAitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroToonaciliataEnglish:Australianredcedar,toon,surian,Indianmahogany;Other:woodpikake(Hawai'i);tuna(Samoa);,sitakula(Tonga)MangaiaTremaorientalisEnglish:charcoaltree,gunpowdertree;Other:agaunai,banahl,talamama(CNMI);elodechoel(Palau);uanin(Yap);ndrou,ndroundrou,ndrikanaithembe(Fiji);aere(FrenchPolynesia),mangele,manele,magele(Niue,Samoa,Tonga)MangaiaUrochloasubquadriparaEnglish:brachiaria,greensummergrass,tropicalsignalgrass,corigrassMa'uke,Miti'aro105Appendix12.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonothersouthernCookIslandsbutnotonAitutakiScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:AcaciaaulacocarpaEnglish:brownsalwood,brushironbarkwattle,hickorywattleMangaiaAcaciaauriculiformisEnglish:Papuanwattle,auri,earleafacacia,northernblackwattle,ear-podwattle;Other:ākasia(CookIslands);tuhkehnpwelmwahu(Pohnpei)Rarotonga,MangaiaAcaciacrassicarpaEnglish:northernwattle,PapuaNewGuinearedwattle'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAcaciacurassavicaredwoodMa'ukeAcaciamangiumEnglish:mangium,brownsalwood,blackwattle,hickorywattle;Other:ākasia(CookIslands);tuhkehnpwelmwahu(Pohnpei)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAcaciamearnsiiEnglish:blackwattle;French:acacianoir;Other:ākasia(CookIslands)RarotongaAlbizialebbeckEnglish:siris-tree,raintree,EastIndianwalnut,kokko,woman's-tonguetree,soros-tree,raomtree;French:boisnoir;Other:'arapitia(CookIslands(Miti'aro));trongkon-mames,tronkonmames,mamis(Guam);kalaskas,trongkon-kalaskas(CNMI–Chamorro);schepilkalaskas(CNMI–Carolinian);ukallrangebard(Palau);gumorningabchey;ngumorrningobchey(Yap);'ohai(Hawai'i);vaivai,vaivainivavalangi,vaivainivavalagi(Fiji);tamaligipa'epa'e(Samoa);kasia(Tonga)Rarotonga,Miti'aroAnacardiumoccidentaleEnglish:cashew,cashewnut;French:anacardier,pommedecojou,acajouapommes,pommierd'acajou;Other:kātū(CookIslands);kasoi(Guam);'apu'initia(Samoa);'apu,kesiu(Tonga)'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAnnonaglabraEnglish:pondapple,alligatorapple,bullock'sheart,cherimoyer;French:annonedesmarais,corossolierdesmarais;Other:utonimbulumakau,utonibulumakau,kaitambo,kaitambu(Fiji)RarotongaAnnonasquamosaEnglish:sugarapple,sweetsop,custardapple,sugarapple;French:annoneécailleuse,pomme-canelle;Other:tapotapo(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);tapotapoMāori(CookIslands);kātara'apaMāori(CookIslands(Mangaia));naponapoMāori(CookIslands(Aitutaki));atis,ates(Guam);ngelrangebard(Palau),'apelepapalangi,'apeleTonga(Tonga),nameana(Tuvalu)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroAnrederacordifoliaEnglish:Madeiravine,mignonettevine,lamb'stails;Other:tāpau(CookIslands('Atiu));'ualahupe(Hawai'i);filikafa(Niue)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeArdisiacrenataEnglish:hen'seyes,Hiloholly,coralberry,Australianholly,scratchthroat;French:arbreànolRarotongaAristolochialittoralisEnglish:Dutchman'spipe,calicoflower;Other:mokorā(CookIslands);fuepaipaholani(Tonga)MangaiaArundodonaxEnglish:giantreed,Spanishreed,wildcane;French:cannedeProvence,grandroseau;Other:ngasaunivavalangi(Fiji);fisopalagi,fisopapalagi(Samoa);kahofolalahi(Tonga)RarotongaAsparagusdensiflorusEnglish:asparagusfern,sprengerifern,smilax,regalfernRarotongaAxonopuscompressusEnglish:blanketgrass,carpetgrass;Other:kambutunivavalangi(Fiji)RarotongaAxonopusfissifoliusEnglish:carataograss,narrow-leavedcarpetgrassRarotongaAzadirachtaindicaEnglish:neem,nim,margosaRarotongaAzollafiliculoidesEnglish:mosquitofernRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeBauhiniapurpureaEnglish:purpleorchidtree;purplebutterflytree,pinkbutterflytree(Fiji);French:fleurspourpresRarotongaBauhiniavariegataEnglish:orchidtree;mountainebony,butterflytree(Fiji);French:boisdeboeuf,sabotboeuf,arbredeSaint-ThomasRarotongaBrachiariasubquadriparaEnglish:brachiaria,greensummergrass,tropicalsignalgrass,corigrassMa'uke,Miti'aroBryophyllumdelagoenseEnglish:chandelierplantRarotongaCalliandrahaematocephalaEnglish:redpowderpuff;French:pomponRarotongaCalliandrasurinamensisEnglish:SurinamesestickpeaRarotonga106ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:CalopogoniummucunoidesEnglish:calopo;Other:akankan-guakag(Guam)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Ma'uke,Miti'aroCalotropisgiganteaEnglish:calotrope,crownflower,madar;French:mercurevégétal,mudar;Other:pua-kalaunu(Hawai'i);tahinu(FrenchPolynesia)RarotongaCardiospermumgrandiflorumEnglish:balloonvine;heartseed;Other:kopūpūtakaviri(CookIslands)RarotongaCardiospermumhalicacabumEnglish:balloonvine,heartpea,love-in-a-puff;Other:waniu,voniu(Fiji);vinivinio(FrenchPolynesia),poniu,haleakai'a,'inalua,pohuehueuka(Hawai'i)Miti'aroCarludovicapalmataEnglish:Panamahatplant;French:carludoviquepalmée;Spanish:chidra,palmadesombrero,palmajipijapa,toquilla;Other:Panamā(CookIslands)Rarotonga,'AtiuCecropiaobtusifoliaEnglish:trumpettree,guarumo;Other:rau-māniota(CookIslands)RarotongaCedrelaodorataEnglish:cigarboxcedar,Mexicancedar,WestIndiancedar,Spanishcedar,Barbadoscedar;French:cèdreacajou,cèdredesbarbares;Spanish:cedrocubano(GalapagosIs.
);Other:sitahina(Tonga)Rarotonga,'AtiuCestrumdiurnumEnglish:inkberry,dayjessamine,daycestrum,Chinaberry;Other:ariki-va'ine(CookIslands);thauthau(Fiji);tinta'n-China,tentanchinu,tintanChina(Guam,CNMI);makahala(Hawai'i);sugivao,sunivao(Samoa);vaitohi(Tonga)Rarotonga,MangaiaCestrumnocturnumEnglish:night-floweringcestrum,night-floweringjasmine,queen(orlady)ofthenight;Other:teineolepo,ali'iolepo(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tiareariki-va'ine,ariki-va'ine(CookIslands);thauthau,thauthaunimbongi,kara(Fiji);dama-de-noche(Guam);'alaaumoe,kupaoa,onaonaIapana(Hawai'i);jooulruawa(MarshallIslands);ikihepo(Niue);lakaupo'uli(Tonga)Rarotonga,MangaiaChlorisbarbataEnglish:swollenfingergrass,purpletopchloris(Australia),airportgrass(Fiji);Other:mau'ulei(Hawai'i)RarotongaCinnamomumcamphoraEnglish:camphortree,camphorlaurel;French:camphre,camphrierRarotongaCinnamomumverumEnglish:cinnamontree;French:cannelierdeCeylan;Other:ochodrangebard(Palau).
tinamoni,tigamoni(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)Rarotonga,Miti'aroClerodendrumbuchananiivar.
fallaxEnglish:redclerodendrum,pagoda-flower;Other:rākautupopoku(CookIslands('Atiu));talufe(Niue);lau'awa(Hawai'i);amo'ula,amo'ule(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeClerodendrumchinenseEnglish:Honolulurose,stickbush,glorybower;Other:losaHonolulu,losaOnolulu(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pītatemāma'o,tiaretupapaku(CookIslands);pikakehohono,pikakewauke(Hawai'i)RarotongaClitoriaternateaEnglish:butterflypea,Asianpigeonwings;French:honte;Other:buikike,bukike,paokeke,bukikepaokeke,capadelareina,kapadelaraina(Guam);putitainubia(CNMI);pepe(Niue);latoela,nawa(Fiji),paipa(Tonga)RarotongaCortaderiaselloanaEnglish:pampasgrass,silverpampasgrass,UruguayanpampasgrassRarotongaCostusspeciosusEnglish:crepeginger,crapeginger,wildginger,Malayginger,canereed;Other:isebsab(Palau)Rarotonga,'AtiuCrotalariamicansEnglish:crotalaria;Other:pinekotalelia,pile(Niue)Mangaia,Ma'ukeCryptostegiamadagascariensisEnglish:MadagascarrubbervineRarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaCuscutacampestrisEnglish:goldendodder,fielddodder,five-angleddodder;Other:tiaea(CookIslands(Mangaia));navereverelangi,wavereverelangi,walawala,wambosuthu,wandanga,watikaivu,ndithangi(Fiji)Rarotonga,MangaiaCynodondactylonEnglish:Bermudagrass,giantBermudagrass,bahamagrass,devil'sgrass,couchgrass,Indiandoab,grama,devilgrass,couchgrass,balamagrass;French:chiendent,petitchiendent,chiendentpied-de-poule;Other:matie(CookIslands);manini,manienie(Hawai'i);motiemolulu(Niue);kambuta,kabuta(Fiji);mosiemolulu(Niue);herbedecouverture(NewCaledonia);pastobermuda,zacatebermuda,gramadulce,gramón,hierbafina,grama-seda,(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroDerrisellipticaEnglish:derris;Other:tuba,bagin(Guam);oop,op(Kosrae);dub(Palau);up(Chuuk,Pohnpei);peinuhp,uhp,upanai,upanyap,upkesetik(Pohnpei);yuub(Yap);nduva,duvanivavalagi,nduvanivavalangi(Fiji)RarotongaDesmodiumtortuosumEnglish:Floridabeggarweed,Spanishclover,dixieticktrefoilMangaiaDieffenbachiaEnglish:dieffenbachia,dumbcane;Other:yalunivavalagi(Fiji)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,107ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:seguineMa'ukeDigitariaviolascensEnglish:smoothcrabgrass,violetcrabgrass;Other:sau(Palau)RarotongaDissotisrotundifoliaEnglish:dissotis,Spanishshawl,pinkladyRarotonga,Ma'ukeDurantaerectaEnglish:duranta,goldendewdrop,pigeon-berry,sky-flower;Other:'olive(Tonga)RarotongaEgeriadensaEnglish:egeria,leafyelodea,densewaterweedRarotongaEichhorniacrassipesEnglish:waterhyacinth;French:jacinthed'eau;Other:ririvai(CookIslands(Mangaia));mbekambekairanga,ndambendambeninga,jalkhumbe,bekabekairaga,dabedabenega,jalkhumbe(Fiji);bungelralm(Palau)Rarotonga,MangaiaEleusineindicaEnglish:goosegrass,wiregrass,goosefoot,crow'sfoot,bullgrass;French:pieddepoule;Other:fahitalo,lauta'ata'a,ta'ata'a(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);maukumārōki'aki'a(CookIslands);kavoronaisivi,vorovoroisivi,ghoraya(Fiji);tamamau(FrenchPolynesia),umog(Guam);manienieali'i(Hawai'i);mahkwekwe(Kosrae);katejukjuk(MarshallIslands);mosiefahitalo(Niue);deskim,keteketarmalk(Palau);rehtakai(Pohnpei);takataka,takataka'aleala,mohukusiamane(Tonga);teuteute(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroErigeronkarvinskianusEnglish:Mexicandaisy,seasidedaisy,daisyfleabaneRarotongaFicusbenjaminaEnglish:weepingfig,baka,Javafig,weepingfig;Other:'ovavafisi(Tonga)RarotongaFicuselasticaEnglish:Indiarubbertree,rubberplant;Other:rapa(CookIslands);komunokí(Palau);rapah(Pohnpei);gak'iynigoma(Yap)Rarotonga,'AtiuFicusmacrophyllaEnglish:MoretonBayfigRarotongaFlacourtiajangomasEnglish:Indian-plum,runeala-plum;French:prunierd'Inde;Spanish:ciruelaforasteraRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeFlacourtiarukamEnglish:Indianplum,Indianprune,governor'splum;French:pruniercafé,prunierdeChine,pruniermalgache;Other:filimoto(Fiji,Futuna,SamoaandAmericanSamoa,Tonga)RarotongaFlemingiamacrophyllaRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeFlemingiastrobiliferaEnglish:luckplant,wildhops;French:sainfoindubengale;Other:besungelaiei(Palau)Rarotonga,'AtiuGliricidiasepiumEnglish:motherofcacao,quickstick,Mexicanlilac;Spanish:madredecacaoRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeGmelinaarboreaEnglish:gmelina,whiteteak,whitebeech;Spanish:melina;Other:yemane(Fiji,Philippines)Rarotonga,'AtiuGomphocarpusphysocarpusEnglish:balloonplant,bladderbushRarotongaGrevilleabanksiiEnglish:kahiliflower,Banksgrevillea;Other:ha'iku,kahili(Hawai'i);'okapua'ula'ula(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau))RarotongaGrevillearobustaEnglish:silkoak,silkyoak,heoak,silveroak,spiderflower;Other:'okakilika,ha'ikuke'oke'o(Hawai'i),oke'(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaHedychiumcoronariumEnglish:whiteginger,butterflylily,gingerlily,garlandflower;Other:teuilapaepae(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tunun,sinser(Chuuk);kōpīteatea,re'ateatea(CookIslands);ndrove,cevugavula,dalasika(Fiji);thevunga(Fiji,Tonga);'awapuhike'oke'o(Hawai'i);sinterpwetepwet(Pohnpei);tolon(Puluwat)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroHedychiumflavescensEnglish:yellowginger,creamginger;French:longoze;Other:teuila(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kōpīrengarenga,re'arengarenga(CookIslands);opuhirearea(FrenchPolynesia);'awapuhimelemele(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeHedychiumgardnerianumEnglish:kahiliginger;Other:kōpī(CookIslands);cevugadromodromo(Fiji);kahili,'awapuhikahili(Hawai'i);sinterweitahta(Pohnpei)Rarotonga,MangaiaHylocereusundatusEnglish:night-bloomingcereus,strawberrypear,redpitaya,dragonfruit,pitahaya;French:pitaya,pitahayarouge;Spanish:flordeCaliz;Other:paniniokapunahou,papipipua(Hawai'i)RarotongaIpomoeaaquaticaEnglish:aquaticmorningglory,swampcabbage,waterspinach,ung-choi,kangkong;French:liserond'eau,patateaquatique;Other:aseri,seeri,seri(Chuuk);rukautaviri(CookIslands);otakarisa,otakarisi,wakumala,ndrinikava,luvenetombithi(Fiji),akankong,cancon,kangkun,kangkung,kankan(Guam);tekangkong(Kiribati);lorenzo(Nauru),kangum,kangkum(Palau);'umalavai(Samoa);kangkong(Ulithi,Yap);kangking,kongkong(Yap)Rarotonga108ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:JacarandamimosifoliaEnglish:jacarandaRarotongaJatrophacurcasEnglish:physicnut,purgingnut,Barbadosnut;French:médicinier,pignond'Inde,purghère;Other:tuituipakarangi,pakarani(CookIslands);fiki(CookIslands,Fiji,Tonga);wiriwiri,wiriwirinivavalangi,utonivavalangi,banidakai,mbanindakai,manggele,maqele,ndrala(Fiji);tuba-tuba(Guam);kuku'ihi(Hawai'i),kuikuiPake(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau),laupata(Samoa)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Ma'ukeJusticiacarneaEnglish:pinkplume-flower,pinkjacobiniaRarotongaKyllingabrevifoliaEnglish:greenkyllinga,greenwatersedge;Other:tumu'enua(CookIslands(Ma'uke));kili'o'opu,kaluha,manunene,mau'umokae(Hawai'i);tuise(Samoa);pakopako(Tonga)Rarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroLablabpurpureusEnglish:hyacinthbean,lablab,bonavist,Egyptiankidneybean,dolichos;French:dolique,doliqued'Egypte,poisnourrice;Other:ndralawa,natomba,tomba(Fiji);cheribillaapaka,chuchumeko(Guam--Chamorro);papapa,pi(Hawai'i);pinilaepuaka(Tonga)RarotongaLantanacamaraEnglish:lantana;Other:latana(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tātarāmoapapa'ā(CookIslands);tātarāmoa(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);kauboica,kaumboitha,mbonambulumakau,mbonarambulumakau,tokalau,waiwai,lanitana(Fiji);tarataramoa,taratarahamoa(FrenchPolynesia);latoramoa(FrenchPolynesia(Tahiti));lakana,la'aukalakala,lanakana(Ni'ihau),mikinoliahihiu,mikinoliahohono,mikinoliakuku(Hawai'i);rosfonacni(Kosrae);tekaibuaka,tekaibuaja(Kiribati);migiroa(Nauru),landana,rantana,rahndana,tukasuweth(Pohnpei);talatala,talatalatalmoa(Tonga)Rarotonga,'AtiuLeptospermumscopariumEnglish:NewZealandtea;manuka(NewZealand)RarotongaLicualagrandisEnglish:ruffledfanpalm;French:palmier-cuillèreRarotongaLonicerajaponicaEnglish:Japanesehoneysuckle,Hall'shoneysuckle;Other:pitatepapa'ā(CookIslands);mangamangārima(CookIslands(Ma'uke));honekakala(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeMacfadyenaunguis-catiEnglish:cat's-clawclimberRarotongaMelicoccusbijugatusEnglish:SpanishlimeRarotonga,'AtiuMelinisrepensEnglish:Natalredtop,Natalgrass,redNatalgrass,Holme'sgrass,blanketgrass;French:herbeduNatal,herberose,herbepappangue;tricholène(NewCaledonia);Other:salapona(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeMerremiatuberosaEnglish:woodrose,Spanisharborvine,yellowmorning-glory;French:liane-à-tonelle,liane-jaune;Other:alarrak(Saipan);pilikai(Hawai'i)RarotongaMuntingiacalaburaEnglish:jamtree,strawberrytree,Jamaicancherry,Singaporecherry,Panamacherry,Panamaberry,ornamentalcherry,calabura,sirsen;French:boisramier;Other:venevene(CookIslands(Penrhyn));capulin(Fiji,FrenchPolynesia);manzanilla,mansanita,manzanita(Guam,CNMI),budo(Palau,Yap)RarotongaMurrayapaniculataEnglish:orangejessamine,satin-wood,Chinesebox,Hawaiianmockorange;Other:tiare'ānani(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia)Rarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaNymphaeaspp.
English:waterlily;Other:ririvai(CookIslands)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeOdontonematubaeformeEnglish:firespike,cardinalflower;Other:totoē(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)Rarotonga,MangaiaOperculinaventricosaEnglish:paperrose,St.
Thomaslidpod;Other:alalag(Guam);palulu(Samoa);fuehina(Tonga)RarotongaParaseriantheslophanthaEnglish:brushwattle,plumealbizia,plumeacacia,stinkbeanRarotongaPaspalumdilatatumEnglish:paspalum,dallisgrass,watergrass;French:paspalumdilaté,herbesirop,herbedemiel,herbededallis,milletbtard;Other:hikunua(Niue)Rarotonga,Ma'uke,Miti'aroPaspalumurvilleiEnglish:Vaseygrass;French:herbedeVasey,paspalumd'Urville;Other:tinikarāti(CookIslands(Mangaia))Rarotonga,MangaiaPassiflorafoetidaEnglish:love-in-a-mist,wildpassionfruit,passionflower,stinkingpassionflower;French:passiflore;Spanish:bedoca(GalapagosIs.
);Other:pasiovao(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);bombom(Chuuk),sou,lolilolinikalavo,qaranidila(Fiji);pohapoha(Hawai'i);laniwai(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau));teabiku(Kiribati);vinevao(Niue);kudamono(Palau);pompom,pwomwpwomw(Pohnpei);kinahulo'atdao,dulce(Saipan);vaine'initia(Tonga);tomatesRarotonga109ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:(Yap)PassifloralaurifoliaEnglish:yellowgranadilla,belleapple,yellowwater-lemon;French:pomme-liane,pommed'or;Other:pasiovao(Samoa);vaine'aekuma(Tonga)Ma'ukePassifloraligularisEnglish:sweetgranadilla,yellowpassionfruit;French:granadille,grenadilledouce,barbadine;French:granadille,grenadilledouce,barbadine;Other:lemiwai,laniwai,lemona(Hawai'i)Ma'ukePassifloramaliformisEnglish:hard-shelledpassionfruit,sweetcalabash,sweetcup;French:pommecalabas;Other:pārapōutini'enua,pārapōutiniMaori(CookIslands);ka'ateneMaori,katingaMaori(CookIslands(Mangaia));pasio(Samoa),vainekai(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroPennisetumpurpureumEnglish:elephantgrass,napiergrass,merkergrass;French:herbeéléphant,faussecanneàsucre;Spanish:pastoelefante;Other:'erepani(CookIslands('Atiu));acfucsracsracsr(Kosrae);bokso(Palau);puk-soh(Pohnpei);vaobovi(Samoa)Rarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaPennisetumsetaceumEnglish:fountaingrassRarotongaPhyllostachysbissetiiEnglish:runningbambooMangaiaPhyllostachysnigraEnglish:blackbamboo;French:bambounoirRarotongaPimentaracemosaEnglish:baytree,bayrumtree,bayoiltree,malagueta;Other:sinamoni(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroPinuscaribaeaEnglish:Caribbeanpine,Bahamaspine;Other:painapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));paina(Samoa);paini(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukePistiastratiotesEnglish:waterlettuce,tropicalduckweed;French:laitued'eau,pistie;Other:lechuguitadeagua,repollodeagua,apon-apon,apoe-apoe,beo-cai,chawkRarotongaPlatyceriumbifurcatumEnglish:elkhornfern,staghornfernRarotongaPsidiumcattleianumEnglish:strawberryguava,cherryguava,Cattleyguava,Chineseguava;French:goyavierdeChine;Other:tūavapapa'ā(CookIslands);ngguava(Fiji),tuavatinito,tuvavatinito(FrenchPolynesia);waiawi'ula'ula(Hawai'i);kuahpa(Pohnpei);ku'ava(Samoa)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroPyrostegiavenustaEnglish:flamevine,flameflower,goldenshower,orangetrumpetvineRarotongaQuisqualisindicaEnglish:RangooncreeperRarotongaRicinuscommunisEnglish:castorbean,castor-oilplant;French:ricin;Spanish:higuerilla;Other:lamapalagi,lamapapalagi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tuituipapa'ā(CookIslands);mbelenivavalagi,totonivavalagi,utouto(Fiji);agaliya(Guam);koli,pa'aila,ka'apeha,kamakou,la'au,'aila(Hawai'i);tuitui,tuituifuaikiiki(Niue);gelug,maskerekur,uluchulaskoki(Palau);lepo,lepohina(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaSamaneasamanEnglish:monkeypod,raintree,saman;French:arbredepluie;Other:tronkonmames,trongkon-mames(CNMI-Chamorro);filinganga(CNMI-Carolinian);gumornispanis(Yap);'ohai,pu'ohai(Hawai'i);vaivainivavalangi,vaivainivavalagi(Fiji),malapa(Samoa);kasia(Tonga)Rarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroSanchezianobilisEnglish:sanchezia.
RarotongaScheffleraactinophyllaEnglish:octopustree,umbrellatree,ivypalm;French:arbre-pieuvre,arbreombelleRarotongaSennaalataEnglish:candlebush;candelabrabush,Romancandletree,emperor'scandlesticks,ringwormbush(Australia),alcapulco;French:episd'or,boisdartre,dartres;Other:fa'ilafa,la'aufailafa(AmericanSamoa,SamoaandTonga);arakak(Chuuk);mbainithangi(Fiji);akapuku,andadose,candalaria,take-biha(Guam);mulamula(Niue);kerulabesokel,yult(Palau);rakauhonuki,truke-n-kili-n-wai,tuhkehnkilinwai,tirakahonuki(Pohnpei);bakauplant(SolomonIslands);te'elango(Tonga);flay-n-sabouw(Yap)RarotongaSennasiameaEnglish:cassodtree,kassodtree,Siamesecassia,pheasantwood,Thailandshower;French:boisperdrix;Other:kasia(Tonga)'Atiu110ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:SennatoraEnglish:foetidcassia,stinkingcassia,Java-bean,sicklesenna,sicklepod,Chinesesenna,peanutweed,sicklesenna;French:cassiersauvage,poispuant,séné;Other:vaopinati(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kaumoce,kaumothe,pini,tarota(Fiji);mumutunadmelon,mumutunpalaoan,amot-tumagacarabao(Guam),te'epulu,tengafefeka(Tonga)Ma'ukeSesbaniagrandifloraEnglish:sesbania,hummingbirdtree,sesban,scarletwisteriatree,corkwoodtree;French:agatiagrandesfleurs;Other:agati,agathi(Fiji);oufai,ofai,ouai(FrenchPolynesia);katurai(Guam);ohaike'oke'o(Hawai'i);sepania(Samoa)Rarotonga,MangaiaSetariapalmifoliaEnglish:palmgrass,shortpitpit,hailanspitpit,broadleavedbristlegrass;Other:vao'ofe'ofe(Samoa)SetariapumilaEnglish:foxtail,gardenbristlegrass,hairy-tailgrass,yellowbristlegrass,Queenslandpigeongrass(Australia),cat'stailgrass(Fiji);French:sétaireglauqueRarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaSolandramaximaEnglish:goldencup,cupofgold,chalicevine;Spanish:copadeoroRarotonga,MangaiaSolanumcapsicoidesEnglish:cockroachberry,devil'sapple,sodaapple;Other:poro'ititaratara(CookIslands);kikaniakei,akaaka,akaka(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Ma'ukeStenotaphrumsecundatumEnglish:buffalograss,St.
Augustinegrass;French:chiendentdeboeuf;Spanish:pastoSanAugustín;Other:'aki'akihaole,mānienie'aki'aki,mānienie'aki'akihaole,mānieniemāhikihiki(Hawai'i)RarotongaStylosanthesguianensisEnglish:stylo,Brazilianlucerne,tropicallucerne,Nigerianstylo;Other:maukupuakatoro(CookIslands('Atiu))'Atiu,Ma'ukeTabebuiaheterophyllaEnglish:pinktecoma,pinktrumpettree,whitecedar;Other:calicedupapeRarotongaThevetiaperuvianaEnglish:yellowoleander,be-stilltree,luckynut;French:oléandrejaune;Other:koneta(Chuuk);venevene(CookIslands(Mangaia)),'enere(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Miti'aro));nohomalie(Hawai'i);irelepsech(Yap)Rarotonga,Mangaia,Miti'aroThunbergiaalataEnglish:black-eyedsusanvine;French:suzanneauxyeuxnoirsRarotongaThunbergiafragransEnglish:whitelady,whitethunbergia,sweetclock-vine;Other:fuehina(Tonga)Rarotonga,Mangaia,Miti'aroThunbergiagrandifloraEnglish:Bengaltrumpet,bluetrumpetvine,clockvine,skyvine,large-flowerdthunbergia;Other:bungel'letiu(Palau)RarotongaThunbergialaurifoliaEnglish:purpleallamanda,laurel-leavedthunbergia,laurelclockvineRarotongaTibouchinaurvilleanaEnglish:glorybush,lasiandra,princessflowerRarotongaToonaciliataEnglish:Australianredcedar,toon,surian,Indianmahogany;Other:woodpikake(Hawai'i);tuna(Samoa);,sitakula(Tonga)MangaiaTradescantiazebrinaEnglish:wanderingzebrina,wanderingjew,inchplant;Other:maukupapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia))Rarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeTremaorientalisEnglish:charcoaltree,gunpowdertree;Other:agaunai,banahl,talamama(CNMI);elodechoel(Palau);uanin(Yap);ndrou,ndroundrou,ndrikanaithembe(Fiji);aere(FrenchPolynesia),mangele,manele,magele(Niue,Samoa,Tonga)MangaiaUrenalobataEnglish:hibiscusburr,aramina,caesarweed,pinkChineseburr,urenaburr,burmallow;French:juteafricain,cousinurène;Other:mautofu(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);nognuk,ocher(Chuuk);qatima,gataya,nggatima(Fiji);vavaitaratītā(CookIslands(Ma'uke));piripiri(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);dadangsi,dadangsiapaka,dadangsimachingat,dádangse(Guam);motipo,mosipo(Niue);chosuchedekui,osuchedarechui(Palau);karap,korop(Pohnpei);mo'osipoTonga(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroWedeliatrilobataEnglish:wedelia,trailingdaisy,Singaporedaisy,creepingox-eye;Other:ngesilrangebard(Palau);dihpwongohng,tuhkeongohng(Pohnpei);rosrangrang(Kosrae);utmkadkad,uttelia(MarshallIslands);atiat(Puluwat);ate(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu111Appendix13.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonothersouthernCookIslandsbutnoton'AtiuScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:AcaciaaulacocarpaEnglish:brownsalwood,brushironbarkwattle,hickorywattleMangaiaAcaciaauriculiformisEnglish:Papuanwattle,auri,earleafacacia,northernblackwattle,ear-podwattle;Other:ākasia(CookIslands);tuhkehnpwelmwahu(Pohnpei)Rarotonga,MangaiaAcaciacurassavicaredwoodMa'ukeAcaciafarnesianaEnglish:Ellingtoncurse,klu,sweetacacia;French:acaciajaune,cassie;Other:titima(CookIslands);vaivaivaka-vatona,vaivaivakavotona,banbaburi,oki(Fiji);aroma,popinac,kandaroma(Guam,CNMI);kolu(Hawai'i);tekaibakoa(Kiribati);debena(Nauru)Rarotonga,AitutakiAcaciamearnsiiEnglish:blackwattle;French:acacianoir;Other:ākasia(CookIslands)RarotongaAlbizialebbeckEnglish:siris-tree,raintree,EastIndianwalnut,kokko,woman's-tonguetree,soros-tree,raomtree;French:boisnoir;Other:'arapitia(CookIslands(Miti'aro));trongkon-mames,tronkonmames,mamis(Guam);kalaskas,trongkon-kalaskas(CNMI–Chamorro);schepilkalaskas(CNMI–Carolinian);ukallrangebard(Palau);gumorningabchey;ngumorrningobchey(Yap);'ohai(Hawai'i);vaivai,vaivainivavalangi,vaivainivavalagi(Fiji);tamaligipa'epa'e(Samoa);kasia(Tonga)Rarotonga,Miti'aroAnnonaglabraEnglish:pondapple,alligatorapple,bullock'sheart,cherimoyer;French:annonedesmarais,corossolierdesmarais;Other:utonimbulumakau,utonibulumakau,kaitambo,kaitambu(Fiji)RarotongaArdisiacrenataEnglish:hen'seyes,Hiloholly,coralberry,Australianholly,scratchthroat;French:arbreànolRarotongaArdisiaellipticaEnglish:shoebuttonardisia;Other:venevenetinitō(CookIslands);atipopa'a,atiu(FrenchPolynesia);togovao(Samoa)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAristolochialittoralisEnglish:Dutchman'spipe,calicoflower;Other:mokorā(CookIslands);fuepaipaholani(Tonga)MangaiaArundodonaxEnglish:giantreed,Spanishreed,wildcane;French:cannedeProvence,grandroseau;Other:ngasaunivavalangi(Fiji);fisopalagi,fisopapalagi(Samoa);kahofolalahi(Tonga)RarotongaAsparagusdensiflorusEnglish:asparagusfern,sprengerifern,smilax,regalfernRarotongaAxonopuscompressusEnglish:blanketgrass,carpetgrass;Other:kambutunivavalangi(Fiji)RarotongaAxonopusfissifoliusEnglish:carataograss,narrow-leavedcarpetgrassRarotongaAzadirachtaindicaEnglish:neem,nim,margosaRarotongaAzollafiliculoidesEnglish:mosquitofernRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeBauhiniapurpureaEnglish:purpleorchidtree;purplebutterflytree,pinkbutterflytree(Fiji);French:fleurspourpresRarotongaBauhiniavariegataEnglish:orchidtree;mountainebony,butterflytree(Fiji);French:boisdeboeuf,sabotboeuf,arbredeSaint-ThomasRarotongaBothriochloabladhiiEnglish:bluegrass,Australianbeardgrass,Caucasianbluestem;Other:desum(Palau);latokagrass,thambonigrass(Fiji)AitutakiBryophyllumdelagoenseEnglish:chandelierplantRarotongaBryophyllumpinnatumEnglish:lifeplant,airplant,resurrectionplant,Canterburybells,cathedralbells,Mexicanloveplant;Spanish:hojadelaire;Other:ngāngā'eretoka(CookIslands);bulatawamudu(Fiji);'oliwakukahakai(Hawai'i);teang(Kiribati);kibilia(MarshallIslands);tupuhelau,tupunoa(Niue);pagi(Samoa);pipivao(Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,MangaiaCalliandrahaematocephalaEnglish:redpowderpuff;French:pomponRarotongaCalliandrasurinamensisEnglish:SurinamesestickpeaRarotongaCalotropisgiganteaEnglish:calotrope,crownflower,madar;French:mercurevégétal,mudar;Other:pua-kalaunu(Hawai'i);tahinu(FrenchPolynesia)RarotongaCardiospermumgrandiflorumEnglish:balloonvine;heartseed;Other:kopūpūtakaviri(CookIslands)Rarotonga112ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:CardiospermumhalicacabumEnglish:balloonvine,heartpea,love-in-a-puff;Other:waniu,voniu(Fiji);vinivinio(FrenchPolynesia),poniu,haleakai'a,'inalua,pohuehueuka(Hawai'i)Miti'aroCecropiaobtusifoliaEnglish:trumpettree,guarumo;Other:rau-māniota(CookIslands)RarotongaCestrumdiurnumEnglish:inkberry,dayjessamine,daycestrum,Chinaberry;Other:ariki-va'ine(CookIslands);thauthau(Fiji);tinta'n-China,tentanchinu,tintanChina(Guam,CNMI);makahala(Hawai'i);sugivao,sunivao(Samoa);vaitohi(Tonga)Rarotonga,MangaiaCestrumnocturnumEnglish:night-floweringcestrum,night-floweringjasmine,queen(orlady)ofthenight;Other:teineolepo,ali'iolepo(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tiareariki-va'ine,ariki-va'ine(CookIslands);thauthau,thauthaunimbongi,kara(Fiji);dama-de-noche(Guam);'alaaumoe,kupaoa,onaonaIapana(Hawai'i);jooulruawa(MarshallIslands);ikihepo(Niue);lakaupo'uli(Tonga)Rarotonga,MangaiaChlorisbarbataEnglish:swollenfingergrass,purpletopchloris(Australia),airportgrass(Fiji);Other:mau'ulei(Hawai'i)RarotongaCinnamomumcamphoraEnglish:camphortree,camphorlaurel;French:camphre,camphrierRarotongaCinnamomumverumEnglish:cinnamontree;French:cannelierdeCeylan;Other:ochodrangebard(Palau).
tinamoni,tigamoni(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)Rarotonga,Miti'aroClerodendrumchinenseEnglish:Honolulurose,stickbush,glorybower;Other:losaHonolulu,losaOnolulu(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pītatemāma'o,tiaretupapaku(CookIslands);pikakehohono,pikakewauke(Hawai'i)RarotongaClitoriaternateaEnglish:butterflypea,Asianpigeonwings;French:honte;Other:buikike,bukike,paokeke,bukikepaokeke,capadelareina,kapadelaraina(Guam);putitainubia(CNMI);pepe(Niue);latoela,nawa(Fiji),paipa(Tonga)RarotongaCortaderiaselloanaEnglish:pampasgrass,silverpampasgrass,UruguayanpampasgrassRarotongaCrotalariamicansEnglish:crotalaria;Other:pinekotalelia,pile(Niue)Mangaia,Ma'ukeCuscutacampestrisEnglish:goldendodder,fielddodder,five-angleddodder;Other:tiaea(CookIslands(Mangaia));navereverelangi,wavereverelangi,walawala,wambosuthu,wandanga,watikaivu,ndithangi(Fiji)Rarotonga,MangaiaCyperusinvolucratusEnglish:umbrellasedge,umbrellaplant,dwarfpapyrusgrass;Other:'ahu'awahaole,pu'uka'ahaole(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,AitutakiDerrisellipticaEnglish:derris;Other:tuba,bagin(Guam);oop,op(Kosrae);dub(Palau);up(Chuuk,Pohnpei);peinuhp,uhp,upanai,upanyap,upkesetik(Pohnpei);yuub(Yap);nduva,duvanivavalagi,nduvanivavalangi(Fiji)RarotongaDesmodiumtortuosumEnglish:Floridabeggarweed,Spanishclover,dixieticktrefoilMangaiaDigitariaviolascensEnglish:smoothcrabgrass,violetcrabgrass;Other:sau(Palau)RarotongaDissotisrotundifoliaEnglish:dissotis,Spanishshawl,pinkladyRarotonga,Ma'ukeDurantaerectaEnglish:duranta,goldendewdrop,pigeon-berry,sky-flower;Other:'olive(Tonga)RarotongaEgeriadensaEnglish:egeria,leafyelodea,densewaterweedRarotongaEichhorniacrassipesEnglish:waterhyacinth;French:jacinthed'eau;Other:ririvai(CookIslands(Mangaia));mbekambekairanga,ndambendambeninga,jalkhumbe,bekabekairaga,dabedabenega,jalkhumbe(Fiji);bungelralm(Palau)Rarotonga,MangaiaErigeronkarvinskianusEnglish:Mexicandaisy,seasidedaisy,daisyfleabaneRarotongaFicusbenjaminaEnglish:weepingfig,baka,Javafig,weepingfig;Other:'ovavafisi(Tonga)RarotongaFicusmacrophyllaEnglish:MoretonBayfigRarotongaFlacourtiajangomasEnglish:Indian-plum,runeala-plum;French:prunierd'Inde;Spanish:ciruelaforasteraRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeFlacourtiarukamEnglish:Indianplum,Indianprune,governor'splum;French:pruniercafé,prunierdeChine,pruniermalgache;Other:filimoto(Fiji,Futuna,SamoaandAmericanSamoa,Tonga)RarotongaFlemingiamacrophyllaRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeFurcraeafoetidaEnglish:Mauritiushemp,sisal,maguey,giantcabuya;French:aloèsvert,chanvredeMaurice;Other:piāni,rōpiāni(CookIslands);malina(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau));toua(Niue);faumalila,faumalila(Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,MangaiaGomphocarpusphysocarpusEnglish:balloonplant,bladderbushRarotonga113ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:GrevilleabanksiiEnglish:kahiliflower,Banksgrevillea;Other:ha'iku,kahili(Hawai'i);'okapua'ula'ula(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau))RarotongaHedychiumgardnerianumEnglish:kahiliginger;Other:kōpī(CookIslands);cevugadromodromo(Fiji);kahili,'awapuhikahili(Hawai'i);sinterweitahta(Pohnpei)Rarotonga,MangaiaHippobromalongifloraEnglish:starofBethlehem,fetia,madamfate;Other:puahōkū(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,MangaiaHylocereusundatusEnglish:night-bloomingcereus,strawberrypear,redpitaya,dragonfruit,pitahaya;French:pitaya,pitahayarouge;Spanish:flordeCaliz;Other:paniniokapunahou,papipipua(Hawai'i)RarotongaIpomoeaaquaticaEnglish:aquaticmorningglory,swampcabbage,waterspinach,ung-choi,kangkong;French:liserond'eau,patateaquatique;Other:aseri,seeri,seri(Chuuk);rukautaviri(CookIslands);otakarisa,otakarisi,wakumala,ndrinikava,luvenetombithi(Fiji),akankong,cancon,kangkun,kangkung,kankan(Guam);tekangkong(Kiribati);lorenzo(Nauru),kangum,kangkum(Palau);'umalavai(Samoa);kangkong(Ulithi,Yap);kangking,kongkong(Yap)RarotongaJacarandamimosifoliaEnglish:jacarandaRarotongaJusticiacarneaEnglish:pinkplume-flower,pinkjacobiniaRarotongaKyllingabrevifoliaEnglish:greenkyllinga,greenwatersedge;Other:tumu'enua(CookIslands(Ma'uke));kili'o'opu,kaluha,manunene,mau'umokae(Hawai'i);tuise(Samoa);pakopako(Tonga)Rarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroLablabpurpureusEnglish:hyacinthbean,lablab,bonavist,Egyptiankidneybean,dolichos;French:dolique,doliqued'Egypte,poisnourrice;Other:ndralawa,natomba,tomba(Fiji);cheribillaapaka,chuchumeko(Guam--Chamorro);papapa,pi(Hawai'i);pinilaepuaka(Tonga)RarotongaLeonurusjaponicusEnglish:lion'stail,Chinesemotherwort;Other:vavaitara(CookIslands(Miti'aro)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroLeptospermumscopariumEnglish:NewZealandtea;manuka(NewZealand)RarotongaLicualagrandisEnglish:ruffledfanpalm;French:palmier-cuillèreRarotongaMacfadyenaunguis-catiEnglish:cat's-clawclimberRarotongaMerremiatuberosaEnglish:woodrose,Spanisharborvine,yellowmorning-glory;French:liane-à-tonelle,liane-jaune;Other:alarrak(Saipan);pilikai(Hawai'i)RarotongaMimosainvisaEnglish:giantsensitiveplant,nilagrass;French:grandesensitive,sensitivegèante;Other:pikika'apapa'ā(CookIslands(Aitutaki));vaofefepalagi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa),wangandrongandrolevu,wangandrongandroniwangalelevu,cogadrogadro(Fiji);mechiuaiuu(Palau);limemeihrlaud(Pohnpei);singbiguinsasa(Saipan);la'aufefetele,la'aufefepalagi(Samoa);AitutakiMuntingiacalaburaEnglish:jamtree,strawberrytree,Jamaicancherry,Singaporecherry,Panamacherry,Panamaberry,ornamentalcherry,calabura,sirsen;French:boisramier;Other:venevene(CookIslands(Penrhyn));capulin(Fiji,FrenchPolynesia);manzanilla,mansanita,manzanita(Guam,CNMI),budo(Palau,Yap)RarotongaOdontonematubaeformeEnglish:firespike,cardinalflower;Other:totoē(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)Rarotonga,MangaiaOpuntiaspp.
English:pricklypear;Other:lenguadevaca(Guam)Rarotonga,AitutakiParaseriantheslophanthaEnglish:brushwattle,plumealbizia,plumeacacia,stinkbeanRarotongaPaspalumdilatatumEnglish:paspalum,dallisgrass,watergrass;French:paspalumdilaté,herbesirop,herbedemiel,herbededallis,milletbtard;Other:hikunua(Niue)Rarotonga,Ma'uke,Miti'aroPaspalumurvilleiEnglish:Vaseygrass;French:herbedeVasey,paspalumd'Urville;Other:tinikarāti(CookIslands(Mangaia))Rarotonga,MangaiaPassiflorafoetidaEnglish:love-in-a-mist,wildpassionfruit,passionflower,stinkingpassionflower;French:passiflore;Spanish:bedoca(GalapagosIs.
);Other:pasiovao(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);bombom(Chuuk),sou,lolilolinikalavo,qaranidila(Fiji);pohapoha(Hawai'i);laniwai(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau));teabiku(Kiribati);vinevao(Niue);kudamono(Palau);pompom,pwomwpwomw(Pohnpei);kinahulo'atdao,dulce(Saipan);vaine'initia(Tonga);tomates(Yap)Rarotonga114ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:PassifloralaurifoliaEnglish:yellowgranadilla,belleapple,yellowwater-lemon;French:pomme-liane,pommed'or;Other:pasiovao(Samoa);vaine'aekuma(Tonga)Ma'ukePassifloraligularisEnglish:sweetgranadilla,yellowpassionfruit;French:granadille,grenadilledouce,barbadine;French:granadille,grenadilledouce,barbadine;Other:lemiwai,laniwai,lemona(Hawai'i)Ma'ukePennisetumsetaceumEnglish:fountaingrassRarotongaPhyllostachysbissetiiEnglish:runningbambooMangaiaPhyllostachysnigraEnglish:blackbamboo;French:bambounoirRarotongaPistiastratiotesEnglish:waterlettuce,tropicalduckweed;French:laitued'eau,pistie;Other:lechuguitadeagua,repollodeagua,apon-apon,apoe-apoe,beo-cai,chawkRarotongaPlatyceriumbifurcatumEnglish:elkhornfern,staghornfernRarotongaPyrostegiavenustaEnglish:flamevine,flameflower,goldenshower,orangetrumpetvineRarotongaQuisqualisindicaEnglish:RangooncreeperRarotongaSamaneasamanEnglish:monkeypod,raintree,saman;French:arbredepluie;Other:tronkonmames,trongkon-mames(CNMI-Chamorro);filinganga(CNMI-Carolinian);gumornispanis(Yap);'ohai,pu'ohai(Hawai'i);vaivainivavalangi,vaivainivavalagi(Fiji),malapa(Samoa);kasia(Tonga)Rarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroSanchezianobilisEnglish:sanchezia.
RarotongaScheffleraactinophyllaEnglish:octopustree,umbrellatree,ivypalm;French:arbre-pieuvre,arbreombelleRarotongaSennaalataEnglish:candlebush;candelabrabush,Romancandletree,emperor'scandlesticks,ringwormbush(Australia),alcapulco;French:episd'or,boisdartre,dartres;Other:fa'ilafa,la'aufailafa(AmericanSamoa,SamoaandTonga);arakak(Chuuk);mbainithangi(Fiji);akapuku,andadose,candalaria,take-biha(Guam);mulamula(Niue);kerulabesokel,yult(Palau);rakauhonuki,truke-n-kili-n-wai,tuhkehnkilinwai,tirakahonuki(Pohnpei);bakauplant(SolomonIslands);te'elango(Tonga);flay-n-sabouw(Yap)RarotongaSennatoraEnglish:foetidcassia,stinkingcassia,Java-bean,sicklesenna,sicklepod,Chinesesenna,peanutweed,sicklesenna;French:cassiersauvage,poispuant,séné;Other:vaopinati(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kaumoce,kaumothe,pini,tarota(Fiji);mumutunadmelon,mumutunpalaoan,amot-tumagacarabao(Guam),te'epulu,tengafefeka(Tonga)Ma'ukeSesbaniagrandifloraEnglish:sesbania,hummingbirdtree,sesban,scarletwisteriatree,corkwoodtree;French:agatiagrandesfleurs;Other:agati,agathi(Fiji);oufai,ofai,ouai(FrenchPolynesia);katurai(Guam);ohaike'oke'o(Hawai'i);sepania(Samoa)Rarotonga,MangaiaSetariapalmifoliaEnglish:palmgrass,shortpitpit,hailanspitpit,broadleavedbristlegrass;Other:vao'ofe'ofe(Samoa)SolandramaximaEnglish:goldencup,cupofgold,chalicevine;Spanish:copadeoroRarotonga,MangaiaSolanummauritianumEnglish:bugweed,wildtobacco,treetobacco;Other:rau'ava'ava(CookIslands);puananahonua(Hawai'i);pula(Tonga)Rarotonga,AitutakiSporobolusindicusEnglish:smutgrass,wiregrass,Indiandropseed;Other:fisihina(Tonga)Rarotonga,AitutakiStenotaphrumsecundatumEnglish:buffalograss,St.
Augustinegrass;French:chiendentdeboeuf;Spanish:pastoSanAugustín;Other:'aki'akihaole,mānienie'aki'aki,mānienie'aki'akihaole,mānieniemāhikihiki(Hawai'i)RarotongaTabebuiaheterophyllaEnglish:pinktecoma,pinktrumpettree,whitecedar;Other:calicedupapeRarotongaThevetiaperuvianaEnglish:yellowoleander,be-stilltree,luckynut;French:oléandrejaune;Other:koneta(Chuuk);venevene(CookIslands(Mangaia)),'enere(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Miti'aro));nohomalie(Hawai'i);irelepsech(Yap)Rarotonga,Mangaia,Miti'aroThunbergiaalataEnglish:black-eyedsusanvine;French:suzanneauxyeuxnoirsRarotongaThunbergiafragransEnglish:whitelady,whitethunbergia,sweetclock-vine;Other:fuehina(Tonga)Rarotonga,MangaiaThunbergiagrandifloraEnglish:Bengaltrumpet,bluetrumpetvine,clockvine,skyvine,large-flowerdthunbergia;Other:bungel'letiu(Palau)RarotongaThunbergialaurifoliaEnglish:purpleallamanda,laurel-leavedthunbergia,laurelclockvineRarotongaTibouchinaurvilleanaEnglish:glorybush,lasiandra,princessflowerRarotongaToonaciliataEnglish:Australianredcedar,toon,surian,Indianmahogany;Other:woodpikake(Hawai'i);tuna(Samoa);,sitakula(Tonga)Mangaia115ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:TradescantiazebrinaEnglish:wanderingzebrina,wanderingjew,inchplant;Other:maukupapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia))Rarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeTremaorientalisEnglish:charcoaltree,gunpowdertree;Other:agaunai,banahl,talamama(CNMI);elodechoel(Palau);uanin(Yap);ndrou,ndroundrou,ndrikanaithembe(Fiji);aere(FrenchPolynesia),mangele,manele,magele(Niue,Samoa,Tonga)MangaiaTriumfettasemitrilobaEnglish:Sacramentobur;Other:dadangsi,masiksiklahe(Guam)Rarotonga,AitutakiUrochloamuticaEnglish:Californiagrass,paragrass,buffalograss,Mauritiusgrass,signalgrass;French:herbedePara;Other:maukupuakatoro(CookIslands);puakatau(Tonga)(Swarbrick,1997)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,Miti'aroUrochloasubquadriparaEnglish:brachiaria,greensummergrass,tropicalsignalgrass,corigrassMa'uke,Miti'aro116Appendix14.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonothersouthernCookIslandsbutnotonMangaiaScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:AcaciacurassavicaredwoodMa'ukeAcaciafarnesianaEnglish:Ellingtoncurse,klu,sweetacacia;French:acaciajaune,cassie;Other:titima(CookIslands);vaivaivaka-vatona,vaivaivakavotona,banbaburi,oki(Fiji);aroma,popinac,kandaroma(Guam,CNMI);kolu(Hawai'i);tekaibakoa(Kiribati);debena(Nauru)Rarotonga,AitutakiAcaciamearnsiiEnglish:blackwattle;French:acacianoir;Other:ākasia(CookIslands)RarotongaAlbizialebbeckEnglish:siris-tree,raintree,EastIndianwalnut,kokko,woman's-tonguetree,soros-tree,raomtree;French:boisnoir;Other:'arapitia(CookIslands(Miti'aro));trongkon-mames,tronkonmames,mamis(Guam);kalaskas,trongkon-kalaskas(CNMI–Chamorro);schepilkalaskas(CNMI–Carolinian);ukallrangebard(Palau);gumorningabchey;ngumorrningobchey(Yap);'ohai(Hawai'i);vaivai,vaivainivavalangi,vaivainivavalagi(Fiji);tamaligipa'epa'e(Samoa);kasia(Tonga)Rarotonga,Miti'aroAlpiniapurpurataEnglish:redginger;Other:kōpīmuramura(CookIslands);thevunga(Fiji);'awapuhi'ula'ula(Hawai'i);teuila(Samoa);tevunga(Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukeAnnonaglabraEnglish:pondapple,alligatorapple,bullock'sheart,cherimoyer;French:annonedesmarais,corossolierdesmarais;Other:utonimbulumakau,utonibulumakau,kaitambo,kaitambu(Fiji)RarotongaAntigononleptopusEnglish:Mexicancreeper,mountainrose,Confederatevine,chain-of-love,heartsonachain,love-vine,coralbells,coralvine,queen'sjewels,kadenadeamor,corallita;Other:dilngau(Palau);rohsapoak(Pohnpei)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'AtiuArdisiacrenataEnglish:hen'seyes,Hiloholly,coralberry,Australianholly,scratchthroat;French:arbreànolRarotongaArundodonaxEnglish:giantreed,Spanishreed,wildcane;French:cannedeProvence,grandroseau;Other:ngasaunivavalangi(Fiji);fisopalagi,fisopapalagi(Samoa);kahofolalahi(Tonga)RarotongaAsparagusdensiflorusEnglish:asparagusfern,sprengerifern,smilax,regalfernRarotongaAxonopuscompressusEnglish:blanketgrass,carpetgrass;Other:kambutunivavalangi(Fiji)RarotongaAxonopusfissifoliusEnglish:carataograss,narrow-leavedcarpetgrassRarotongaAzadirachtaindicaEnglish:neem,nim,margosaRarotongaBauhiniapurpureaEnglish:purpleorchidtree;purplebutterflytree,pinkbutterflytree(Fiji);French:fleurspourpresRarotongaBauhiniavariegataEnglish:orchidtree;mountainebony,butterflytree(Fiji);French:boisdeboeuf,sabotboeuf,arbredeSaint-ThomasRarotongaBothriochloabladhiiEnglish:bluegrass,Australianbeardgrass,Caucasianbluestem;Other:desum(Palau);latokagrass,thambonigrass(Fiji)AitutakiBryophyllumdelagoenseEnglish:chandelierplantRarotongaCalliandrahaematocephalaEnglish:redpowderpuff;French:pomponRarotongaCalliandrasurinamensisEnglish:SurinamesestickpeaRarotongaCallisiafragransEnglish:fragrantinchplant,basketplant,spironemaAitutaki,'AtiuCalopogoniummucunoidesEnglish:calopo;Other:akankan-guakag(Guam)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Ma'uke,Miti'aroCalotropisgiganteaEnglish:calotrope,crownflower,madar;French:mercurevégétal,mudar;Other:pua-kalaunu(Hawai'i);tahinu(FrenchPolynesia)RarotongaCardiospermumgrandiflorumEnglish:balloonvine;heartseed;Other:kopūpūtakaviri(CookIslands)RarotongaCardiospermumhalicacabumEnglish:balloonvine,heartpea,love-in-a-puff;Other:waniu,voniu(Fiji);vinivinio(FrenchPolynesia),poniu,haleakai'a,'inalua,pohuehueuka(Hawai'i)Miti'aroCarludovicapalmataEnglish:Panamahatplant;French:carludoviquepalmée;Spanish:chidra,palmadesombrero,palmajipijapa,toquilla;Other:Panamā(CookIslands)Rarotonga,'Atiu117ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:CecropiaobtusifoliaEnglish:trumpettree,guarumo;Other:rau-māniota(CookIslands)RarotongaCedrelaodorataEnglish:cigarboxcedar,Mexicancedar,WestIndiancedar,Spanishcedar,Barbadoscedar;French:cèdreacajou,cèdredesbarbares;Spanish:cedrocubano(GalapagosIs.
);Other:sitahina(Tonga)Rarotonga,'AtiuCeibapentandraEnglish:kapok,kapoktree,silk-cottontree,pacae;French:kapokier,capoc,boiscoton;Spanish:ceibo;Other:vavae(AmericanSamoa,Samoa,Niue,Tonga);koton(Chuuk);vavai(CookIslandsandFrenchPolynesia);vavaimama'u,vavaimaori(CookIslands);mama'u(CookIslands(Mangaia,Aitutaki));vauvaunivavalangi,semar(Fiji);algodondeManila,atgodondiManila,algidon,atgidondeManila(Guam);kuhtin,cutin(Kosrae);koatoa,atagodon,bulik,kotin(MarshallIslands);kalngebard,kalngebárd,kerrekarngebard(Palau);cottin,koatun,koatoa(Pohnpei);arughuschel(Saipan),battenigan'ken(Yap);vavaunilokoloko(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'uke,Miti'aroChlorisbarbataEnglish:swollenfingergrass,purpletopchloris(Australia),airportgrass(Fiji);Other:mau'ulei(Hawai'i)RarotongaCinnamomumcamphoraEnglish:camphortree,camphorlaurel;French:camphre,camphrierRarotongaCinnamomumverumEnglish:cinnamontree;French:cannelierdeCeylan;Other:ochodrangebard(Palau).
tinamoni,tigamoni(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)Rarotonga,Miti'aroClerodendrumchinenseEnglish:Honolulurose,stickbush,glorybower;Other:losaHonolulu,losaOnolulu(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pītatemāma'o,tiaretupapaku(CookIslands);pikakehohono,pikakewauke(Hawai'i)RarotongaClitoriaternateaEnglish:butterflypea,Asianpigeonwings;French:honte;Other:buikike,bukike,paokeke,bukikepaokeke,capadelareina,kapadelaraina(Guam);putitainubia(CNMI);pepe(Niue);latoela,nawa(Fiji),paipa(Tonga)RarotongaCortaderiaselloanaEnglish:pampasgrass,silverpampasgrass,UruguayanpampasgrassRarotongaCostusspeciosusEnglish:crepeginger,crapeginger,wildginger,Malayginger,canereed;Other:isebsab(Palau)Rarotonga,'AtiuCyperusinvolucratusEnglish:umbrellasedge,umbrellaplant,dwarfpapyrusgrass;Other:'ahu'awahaole,pu'uka'ahaole(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,AitutakiDerrisellipticaEnglish:derris;Other:tuba,bagin(Guam);oop,op(Kosrae);dub(Palau);up(Chuuk,Pohnpei);peinuhp,uhp,upanai,upanyap,upkesetik(Pohnpei);yuub(Yap);nduva,duvanivavalagi,nduvanivavalangi(Fiji)RarotongaDigitariaviolascensEnglish:smoothcrabgrass,violetcrabgrass;Other:sau(Palau)RarotongaDissotisrotundifoliaEnglish:dissotis,Spanishshawl,pinkladyRarotonga,Ma'ukeDurantaerectaEnglish:duranta,goldendewdrop,pigeon-berry,sky-flower;Other:'olive(Tonga)RarotongaEgeriadensaEnglish:egeria,leafyelodea,densewaterweedRarotongaErigeronkarvinskianusEnglish:Mexicandaisy,seasidedaisy,daisyfleabaneRarotongaFicusbenjaminaEnglish:weepingfig,baka,Javafig,weepingfig;Other:'ovavafisi(Tonga)RarotongaFicuselasticaEnglish:Indiarubbertree,rubberplant;Other:rapa(CookIslands);komunokí(Palau);rapah(Pohnpei);gak'iynigoma(Yap)Rarotonga,'AtiuFicusmacrophyllaEnglish:MoretonBayfigRarotongaFlacourtiarukamEnglish:Indianplum,Indianprune,governor'splum;French:pruniercafé,prunierdeChine,pruniermalgache;Other:filimoto(Fiji,Futuna,SamoaandAmericanSamoa,Tonga)RarotongaFlemingiastrobiliferaEnglish:luckplant,wildhops;French:sainfoindubengale;Other:besungelaiei(Palau)Rarotonga,'AtiuGmelinaarboreaEnglish:gmelina,whiteteak,whitebeech;Spanish:melina;Other:yemane(Fiji,Philippines)Rarotonga,'AtiuGrevilleabanksiiEnglish:kahiliflower,Banksgrevillea;Other:ha'iku,kahili(Hawai'i);'okapua'ula'ula(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau))RarotongaHeliconiaspp.
English:heliconia,parrot's-flower,parrot's-plantain,crabclaw,lobsterclaw;Other:tiarepārata'ito(CookIslands)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukeHylocereusundatusEnglish:night-bloomingcereus,strawberrypear,redpitaya,dragonfruit,pitahaya;French:pitaya,pitahayarouge;Spanish:flordeCaliz;Other:paniniokapunahou,papipipua(Hawai'i)Rarotonga118ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:IpomoeaaquaticaEnglish:aquaticmorningglory,swampcabbage,waterspinach,ung-choi,kangkong;French:liserond'eau,patateaquatique;Other:aseri,seeri,seri(Chuuk);rukautaviri(CookIslands);otakarisa,otakarisi,wakumala,ndrinikava,luvenetombithi(Fiji),akankong,cancon,kangkun,kangkung,kankan(Guam);tekangkong(Kiribati);lorenzo(Nauru),kangum,kangkum(Palau);'umalavai(Samoa);kangkong(Ulithi,Yap);kangking,kongkong(Yap)RarotongaJacarandamimosifoliaEnglish:jacarandaRarotongaJatrophacurcasEnglish:physicnut,purgingnut,Barbadosnut;French:médicinier,pignond'Inde,purghère;Other:tuituipakarangi,pakarani(CookIslands);fiki(CookIslands,Fiji,Tonga);wiriwiri,wiriwirinivavalangi,utonivavalangi,banidakai,mbanindakai,manggele,maqele,ndrala(Fiji);tuba-tuba(Guam);kuku'ihi(Hawai'i),kuikuiPake(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau),laupata(Samoa)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Ma'ukeJusticiacarneaEnglish:pinkplume-flower,pinkjacobiniaRarotongaLablabpurpureusEnglish:hyacinthbean,lablab,bonavist,Egyptiankidneybean,dolichos;French:dolique,doliqued'Egypte,poisnourrice;Other:ndralawa,natomba,tomba(Fiji);cheribillaapaka,chuchumeko(Guam--Chamorro);papapa,pi(Hawai'i);pinilaepuaka(Tonga)RarotongaLantanacamaraEnglish:lantana;Other:latana(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tātarāmoapapa'ā(CookIslands);tātarāmoa(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);kauboica,kaumboitha,mbonambulumakau,mbonarambulumakau,tokalau,waiwai,lanitana(Fiji);tarataramoa,taratarahamoa(FrenchPolynesia);latoramoa(FrenchPolynesia(Tahiti));lakana,la'aukalakala,lanakana(Ni'ihau),mikinoliahihiu,mikinoliahohono,mikinoliakuku(Hawai'i);rosfonacni(Kosrae);tekaibuaka,tekaibuaja(Kiribati);migiroa(Nauru),landana,rantana,rahndana,tukasuweth(Pohnpei);talatala,talatalatalmoa(Tonga)Rarotonga,'AtiuLeptospermumscopariumEnglish:NewZealandtea;manuka(NewZealand)RarotongaLicualagrandisEnglish:ruffledfanpalm;French:palmier-cuillèreRarotongaMacfadyenaunguis-catiEnglish:cat's-clawclimberRarotongaMacroptiliumatropurpureumEnglish:siratro,purplebushbeanRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'uke,Miti'aroMelicoccusbijugatusEnglish:SpanishlimeRarotonga,'AtiuMerremiapeltataEnglish:merremia;Other:fuevae(AmericanSamoa),fuelautetele(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);fidau,fitau,fitaw,fitay(Chuuk);kūrima(CookIslands('Atiu));wambula,wabula,wadamu,wandamu,viliyawa,wiliviwa,veliyana,wiliao(Fiji);pohue(FrenchPolynesia);lagon,lagoun,lagun(Guam);pala,pul,para,puhlah(Kosrae);fue,fuevao,fuekula(Niue);kebeas(Palau);ceul,lohl,iol,yol,yool(Pohnpei);abui,grobihi,arosumou(SolomonIslands);fuemea(Tonga);wachathal(Yap)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Miti'aroMerremiatuberosaEnglish:woodrose,Spanisharborvine,yellowmorning-glory;French:liane-à-tonelle,liane-jaune;Other:alarrak(Saipan);pilikai(Hawai'i)RarotongaMikaniamicranthaEnglish:mile-a-minuteweed,Chinesecreeper,Americanrope,bittervine;French:lianeaméricaine,liane-serpent;Other:fuesaina(AmericanSamoa,SamoaandNiue);pōkutekute(CookIslands('Atiu));wambosuthu,wambosuvu,wambutako,wandamele,ovaova,wabosucu,usuvanua(Fiji);foulaina(Niue),teb'lyas(Palau);kwalokoburu,(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'uke,Miti'aroMimosainvisaEnglish:giantsensitiveplant,nilagrass;French:grandesensitive,sensitivegèante;Other:pikika'apapa'ā(CookIslands(Aitutaki));vaofefepalagi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa),wangandrongandrolevu,wangandrongandroniwangalelevu,cogadrogadro(Fiji);mechiuaiuu(Palau);limemeihrlaud(Pohnpei);singbiguinsasa(Saipan);la'aufefetele,la'aufefepalagi(Samoa);AitutakiMuntingiacalaburaEnglish:jamtree,strawberrytree,Jamaicancherry,Singaporecherry,Panamacherry,Panamaberry,ornamentalcherry,calabura,sirsen;French:boisramier;Other:venevene(CookIslands(Penrhyn));capulin(Fiji,FrenchPolynesia);manzanilla,mansanita,manzanita(Guam,CNMI),budo(Palau,Yap)RarotongaOpuntiaspp.
English:pricklypear;Other:lenguadevaca(Guam)Rarotonga,AitutakiParaseriantheslophanthaEnglish:brushwattle,plumealbizia,plumeacacia,stinkbeanRarotonga119ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:PaspalumdilatatumEnglish:paspalum,dallisgrass,watergrass;French:paspalumdilaté,herbesirop,herbedemiel,herbededallis,milletbtard;Other:hikunua(Niue)Rarotonga,Ma'uke,Miti'aroPassiflorafoetidaEnglish:love-in-a-mist,wildpassionfruit,passionflower,stinkingpassionflower;French:passiflore;Spanish:bedoca(GalapagosIs.
);Other:pasiovao(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);bombom(Chuuk),sou,lolilolinikalavo,qaranidila(Fiji);pohapoha(Hawai'i);laniwai(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau));teabiku(Kiribati);vinevao(Niue);kudamono(Palau);pompom,pwomwpwomw(Pohnpei);kinahulo'atdao,dulce(Saipan);vaine'initia(Tonga);tomates(Yap)RarotongaPassifloralaurifoliaEnglish:yellowgranadilla,belleapple,yellowwater-lemon;French:pomme-liane,pommed'or;Other:pasiovao(Samoa);vaine'aekuma(Tonga)Ma'ukePassifloraligularisEnglish:sweetgranadilla,yellowpassionfruit;French:granadille,grenadilledouce,barbadine;French:granadille,grenadilledouce,barbadine;Other:lemiwai,laniwai,lemona(Hawai'i)Ma'ukePennisetumsetaceumEnglish:fountaingrassRarotongaPhyllostachysnigraEnglish:blackbamboo;French:bambounoirRarotongaPistiastratiotesEnglish:waterlettuce,tropicalduckweed;French:laitued'eau,pistie;Other:lechuguitadeagua,repollodeagua,apon-apon,apoe-apoe,beo-cai,chawkRarotongaPlatyceriumbifurcatumEnglish:elkhornfern,staghornfernRarotongaPuerariaphaseoloidesEnglish:tropicalkudzu,puero;Other:kūkū(CookIslands('Aitu))Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukePyrostegiavenustaEnglish:flamevine,flameflower,goldenshower,orangetrumpetvineRarotongaQuisqualisindicaEnglish:RangooncreeperRarotongaSanchezianobilisEnglish:sanchezia.
RarotongaSancheziaparvibracteataEnglish:sancheziaRarotonga,Aitutaki,'AtiuScheffleraactinophyllaEnglish:octopustree,umbrellatree,ivypalm;French:arbre-pieuvre,arbreombelleRarotongaSennaalataEnglish:candlebush;candelabrabush,Romancandletree,emperor'scandlesticks,ringwormbush(Australia),alcapulco;French:episd'or,boisdartre,dartres;Other:fa'ilafa,la'aufailafa(AmericanSamoa,SamoaandTonga);arakak(Chuuk);mbainithangi(Fiji);akapuku,andadose,candalaria,take-biha(Guam);mulamula(Niue);kerulabesokel,yult(Palau);rakauhonuki,truke-n-kili-n-wai,tuhkehnkilinwai,tirakahonuki(Pohnpei);bakauplant(SolomonIslands);te'elango(Tonga);flay-n-sabouw(Yap)RarotongaSennasiameaEnglish:cassodtree,kassodtree,Siamesecassia,pheasantwood,Thailandshower;French:boisperdrix;Other:kasia(Tonga)'AtiuSennatoraEnglish:foetidcassia,stinkingcassia,Java-bean,sicklesenna,sicklepod,Chinesesenna,peanutweed,sicklesenna;French:cassiersauvage,poispuant,séné;Other:vaopinati(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kaumoce,kaumothe,pini,tarota(Fiji);mumutunadmelon,mumutunpalaoan,amot-tumagacarabao(Guam),te'epulu,tengafefeka(Tonga)Ma'ukeSetariapalmifoliaEnglish:palmgrass,shortpitpit,hailanspitpit,broadleavedbristlegrass;Other:vao'ofe'ofe(Samoa)SolanumcapsicoidesEnglish:cockroachberry,devil'sapple,sodaapple;Other:poro'ititaratara(CookIslands);kikaniakei,akaaka,akaka(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Ma'ukeSolanummauritianumEnglish:bugweed,wildtobacco,treetobacco;Other:rau'ava'ava(CookIslands);puananahonua(Hawai'i);pula(Tonga)Rarotonga,AitutakiSpathodeacampanulataEnglish:Africantuliptree,fireball,fountaintree;French:tulipierduGabon,pisse-pisse;Spanish:tulipanafricano;Other:kō'ī'ī,mimi,pātītīvaipatitivai,pititivai(CookIslands);matakō'ī'īko'i'i(CookIslands(Mangaia));apr(CNMI);tagamimi(Fiji);orsachelkui(Palau);tuhkedulip(Pohnpei);fa'apasi(Samoa);tiulipe(Tonga);rarningobchey(Yap)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukeSporobolusindicusEnglish:smutgrass,wiregrass,Indiandropseed;Other:fisihina(Tonga)Rarotonga,AitutakiStenotaphrumsecundatumEnglish:buffalograss,St.
Augustinegrass;French:chiendentdeboeuf;Spanish:pastoSanAugustín;Other:'aki'akihaole,mānienie'aki'aki,mānienie'aki'akihaole,mānieniemāhikihiki(Hawai'i)RarotongaStylosanthesguianensisEnglish:stylo,Brazilianlucerne,tropicallucerne,Nigerianstylo;Other:maukupuakatoro(CookIslands('Atiu))'Atiu,Ma'uke120ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:TabebuiaheterophyllaEnglish:pinktecoma,pinktrumpettree,whitecedar;Other:calicedupapeRarotongaThunbergiaalataEnglish:black-eyedsusanvine;French:suzanneauxyeuxnoirsRarotongaThunbergiagrandifloraEnglish:Bengaltrumpet,bluetrumpetvine,clockvine,skyvine,large-flowerdthunbergia;Other:bungel'letiu(Palau)RarotongaThunbergialaurifoliaEnglish:purpleallamanda,laurel-leavedthunbergia,laurelclockvineRarotongaTibouchinaurvilleanaEnglish:glorybush,lasiandra,princessflowerRarotongaTriumfettasemitrilobaEnglish:Sacramentobur;Other:dadangsi,masiksiklahe(Guam)Rarotonga,AitutakiUrochloamuticaEnglish:Californiagrass,paragrass,buffalograss,Mauritiusgrass,signalgrass;French:herbedePara;Other:maukupuakatoro(CookIslands);puakatau(Tonga)(Swarbrick,1997)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,Miti'aroUrochloasubquadriparaEnglish:brachiaria,greensummergrass,tropicalsignalgrass,corigrassMa'uke,Miti'aroWedeliatrilobataEnglish:wedelia,trailingdaisy,Singaporedaisy,creepingox-eye;Other:ngesilrangebard(Palau);dihpwongohng,tuhkeongohng(Pohnpei);rosrangrang(Kosrae);utmkadkad,uttelia(MarshallIslands);atiat(Puluwat);ate(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu121Appendix15.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonothersouthernCookIslandsbutnotonMa'ukeScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:AcaciaaulacocarpaEnglish:brownsalwood,brushironbarkwattle,hickorywattleMangaiaAcaciaauriculiformisEnglish:Papuanwattle,auri,earleafacacia,northernblackwattle,ear-podwattle;Other:ākasia(CookIslands);tuhkehnpwelmwahu(Pohnpei)Rarotonga,MangaiaAcaciafarnesianaEnglish:Ellingtoncurse,klu,sweetacacia;French:acaciajaune,cassie;Other:titima(CookIslands);vaivaivaka-vatona,vaivaivakavotona,banbaburi,oki(Fiji);aroma,popinac,kandaroma(Guam,CNMI);kolu(Hawai'i);tekaibakoa(Kiribati);debena(Nauru)Rarotonga,AitutakiAcaciamearnsiiEnglish:blackwattle;French:acacianoir;Other:ākasia(CookIslands)RarotongaAlbizialebbeckEnglish:siris-tree,raintree,EastIndianwalnut,kokko,woman's-tonguetree,soros-tree,raomtree;French:boisnoir;Other:'arapitia(CookIslands(Miti'aro));trongkon-mames,tronkonmames,mamis(Guam);kalaskas,trongkon-kalaskas(CNMI–Chamorro);schepilkalaskas(CNMI–Carolinian);ukallrangebard(Palau);gumorningabchey;ngumorrningobchey(Yap);'ohai(Hawai'i);vaivai,vaivainivavalangi,vaivainivavalagi(Fiji);tamaligipa'epa'e(Samoa);kasia(Tonga)Rarotonga,Miti'aroAnnonaglabraEnglish:pondapple,alligatorapple,bullock'sheart,cherimoyer;French:annonedesmarais,corossolierdesmarais;Other:utonimbulumakau,utonibulumakau,kaitambo,kaitambu(Fiji)RarotongaAntigononleptopusEnglish:Mexicancreeper,mountainrose,Confederatevine,chain-of-love,heartsonachain,love-vine,coralbells,coralvine,queen'sjewels,kadenadeamor,corallita;Other:dilngau(Palau);rohsapoak(Pohnpei)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'AtiuArdisiacrenataEnglish:hen'seyes,Hiloholly,coralberry,Australianholly,scratchthroat;French:arbreànolRarotongaAristolochialittoralisEnglish:Dutchman'spipe,calicoflower;Other:mokorā(CookIslands);fuepaipaholani(Tonga)MangaiaArundodonaxEnglish:giantreed,Spanishreed,wildcane;French:cannedeProvence,grandroseau;Other:ngasaunivavalangi(Fiji);fisopalagi,fisopapalagi(Samoa);kahofolalahi(Tonga)RarotongaAsparagusdensiflorusEnglish:asparagusfern,sprengerifern,smilax,regalfernRarotongaAsparagussetaceusEnglish:ornamentalasparagus,climbingasparagusfern,plumosa;French:aspergeplumeuse;Other:remu(CookIslands);taupo'ou(Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Miti'aroAxonopuscompressusEnglish:blanketgrass,carpetgrass;Other:kambutunivavalangi(Fiji)RarotongaAxonopusfissifoliusEnglish:carataograss,narrow-leavedcarpetgrassRarotongaAzadirachtaindicaEnglish:neem,nim,margosaRarotongaBauhiniapurpureaEnglish:purpleorchidtree;purplebutterflytree,pinkbutterflytree(Fiji);French:fleurspourpresRarotongaBauhiniavariegataEnglish:orchidtree;mountainebony,butterflytree(Fiji);French:boisdeboeuf,sabotboeuf,arbredeSaint-ThomasRarotongaBothriochloabladhiiEnglish:bluegrass,Australianbeardgrass,Caucasianbluestem;Other:desum(Palau);latokagrass,thambonigrass(Fiji)AitutakiBryophyllumdelagoenseEnglish:chandelierplantRarotongaBryophyllumpinnatumEnglish:lifeplant,airplant,resurrectionplant,Canterburybells,cathedralbells,Mexicanloveplant;Spanish:hojadelaire;Other:ngāngā'eretoka(CookIslands);bulatawamudu(Fiji);'oliwakukahakai(Hawai'i);teang(Kiribati);kibilia(MarshallIslands);tupuhelau,tupunoa(Niue);pagi(Samoa);pipivao(Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,MangaiaCalliandrahaematocephalaEnglish:redpowderpuff;French:pomponRarotongaCalliandrasurinamensisEnglish:SurinamesestickpeaRarotongaCallisiafragransEnglish:fragrantinchplant,basketplant,spironemaAitutaki,'AtiuCalotropisgiganteaEnglish:calotrope,crownflower,madar;French:mercurevégétal,mudar;Other:pua-kalaunu(Hawai'i);tahinu(FrenchPolynesia)Rarotonga122ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:CardiospermumgrandiflorumEnglish:balloonvine;heartseed;Other:kopūpūtakaviri(CookIslands)RarotongaCardiospermumhalicacabumEnglish:balloonvine,heartpea,love-in-a-puff;Other:waniu,voniu(Fiji);vinivinio(FrenchPolynesia),poniu,haleakai'a,'inalua,pohuehueuka(Hawai'i)Miti'aroCarludovicapalmataEnglish:Panamahatplant;French:carludoviquepalmée;Spanish:chidra,palmadesombrero,palmajipijapa,toquilla;Other:Panamā(CookIslands)Rarotonga,'AtiuCecropiaobtusifoliaEnglish:trumpettree,guarumo;Other:rau-māniota(CookIslands)RarotongaCedrelaodorataEnglish:cigarboxcedar,Mexicancedar,WestIndiancedar,Spanishcedar,Barbadoscedar;French:cèdreacajou,cèdredesbarbares;Spanish:cedrocubano(GalapagosIs.
);Other:sitahina(Tonga)Rarotonga,'AtiuCestrumdiurnumEnglish:inkberry,dayjessamine,daycestrum,Chinaberry;Other:ariki-va'ine(CookIslands);thauthau(Fiji);tinta'n-China,tentanchinu,tintanChina(Guam,CNMI);makahala(Hawai'i);sugivao,sunivao(Samoa);vaitohi(Tonga)Rarotonga,MangaiaCestrumnocturnumEnglish:night-floweringcestrum,night-floweringjasmine,queen(orlady)ofthenight;Other:teineolepo,ali'iolepo(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tiareariki-va'ine,ariki-va'ine(CookIslands);thauthau,thauthaunimbongi,kara(Fiji);dama-de-noche(Guam);'alaaumoe,kupaoa,onaonaIapana(Hawai'i);jooulruawa(MarshallIslands);ikihepo(Niue);lakaupo'uli(Tonga)Rarotonga,MangaiaChlorisbarbataEnglish:swollenfingergrass,purpletopchloris(Australia),airportgrass(Fiji);Other:mau'ulei(Hawai'i)RarotongaCinnamomumcamphoraEnglish:camphortree,camphorlaurel;French:camphre,camphrierRarotongaCinnamomumverumEnglish:cinnamontree;French:cannelierdeCeylan;Other:ochodrangebard(Palau).
tinamoni,tigamoni(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)Rarotonga,Miti'aroClerodendrumchinenseEnglish:Honolulurose,stickbush,glorybower;Other:losaHonolulu,losaOnolulu(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pītatemāma'o,tiaretupapaku(CookIslands);pikakehohono,pikakewauke(Hawai'i)RarotongaClitoriaternateaEnglish:butterflypea,Asianpigeonwings;French:honte;Other:buikike,bukike,paokeke,bukikepaokeke,capadelareina,kapadelaraina(Guam);putitainubia(CNMI);pepe(Niue);latoela,nawa(Fiji),paipa(Tonga)RarotongaCortaderiaselloanaEnglish:pampasgrass,silverpampasgrass,UruguayanpampasgrassRarotongaCostusspeciosusEnglish:crepeginger,crapeginger,wildginger,Malayginger,canereed;Other:isebsab(Palau)Rarotonga,'AtiuCryptostegiamadagascariensisEnglish:MadagascarrubbervineRarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaCuscutacampestrisEnglish:goldendodder,fielddodder,five-angleddodder;Other:tiaea(CookIslands(Mangaia));navereverelangi,wavereverelangi,walawala,wambosuthu,wandanga,watikaivu,ndithangi(Fiji)Rarotonga,MangaiaCyperusinvolucratusEnglish:umbrellasedge,umbrellaplant,dwarfpapyrusgrass;Other:'ahu'awahaole,pu'uka'ahaole(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,AitutakiDerrisellipticaEnglish:derris;Other:tuba,bagin(Guam);oop,op(Kosrae);dub(Palau);up(Chuuk,Pohnpei);peinuhp,uhp,upanai,upanyap,upkesetik(Pohnpei);yuub(Yap);nduva,duvanivavalagi,nduvanivavalangi(Fiji)RarotongaDesmodiumtortuosumEnglish:Floridabeggarweed,Spanishclover,dixieticktrefoilMangaiaDigitariaviolascensEnglish:smoothcrabgrass,violetcrabgrass;Other:sau(Palau)RarotongaDurantaerectaEnglish:duranta,goldendewdrop,pigeon-berry,sky-flower;Other:'olive(Tonga)RarotongaEgeriadensaEnglish:egeria,leafyelodea,densewaterweedRarotongaEichhorniacrassipesEnglish:waterhyacinth;French:jacinthed'eau;Other:ririvai(CookIslands(Mangaia));mbekambekairanga,ndambendambeninga,jalkhumbe,bekabekairaga,dabedabenega,jalkhumbe(Fiji);bungelralm(Palau)Rarotonga,MangaiaErigeronkarvinskianusEnglish:Mexicandaisy,seasidedaisy,daisyfleabaneRarotongaFicusbenjaminaEnglish:weepingfig,baka,Javafig,weepingfig;Other:'ovavafisi(Tonga)RarotongaFicuselasticaEnglish:Indiarubbertree,rubberplant;Other:rapa(CookIslands);komunokí(Palau);rapah(Pohnpei);gak'iynigoma(Yap)Rarotonga,'AtiuFicusmacrophyllaEnglish:MoretonBayfigRarotonga123ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:FlacourtiarukamEnglish:Indianplum,Indianprune,governor'splum;French:pruniercafé,prunierdeChine,pruniermalgache;Other:filimoto(Fiji,Futuna,SamoaandAmericanSamoa,Tonga)RarotongaFlemingiastrobiliferaEnglish:luckplant,wildhops;French:sainfoindubengale;Other:besungelaiei(Palau)Rarotonga,'AtiuFurcraeafoetidaEnglish:Mauritiushemp,sisal,maguey,giantcabuya;French:aloèsvert,chanvredeMaurice;Other:piāni,rōpiāni(CookIslands);malina(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau));toua(Niue);faumalila,faumalila(Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,MangaiaGmelinaarboreaEnglish:gmelina,whiteteak,whitebeech;Spanish:melina;Other:yemane(Fiji,Philippines)Rarotonga,'AtiuGomphocarpusphysocarpusEnglish:balloonplant,bladderbushRarotongaGrevilleabanksiiEnglish:kahiliflower,Banksgrevillea;Other:ha'iku,kahili(Hawai'i);'okapua'ula'ula(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau))RarotongaGrevillearobustaEnglish:silkoak,silkyoak,heoak,silveroak,spiderflower;Other:'okakilika,ha'ikuke'oke'o(Hawai'i),oke'(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaHedychiumgardnerianumEnglish:kahiliginger;Other:kōpī(CookIslands);cevugadromodromo(Fiji);kahili,'awapuhikahili(Hawai'i);sinterweitahta(Pohnpei)Rarotonga,MangaiaHippobromalongifloraEnglish:starofBethlehem,fetia,madamfate;Other:puahōkū(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,MangaiaHylocereusundatusEnglish:night-bloomingcereus,strawberrypear,redpitaya,dragonfruit,pitahaya;French:pitaya,pitahayarouge;Spanish:flordeCaliz;Other:paniniokapunahou,papipipua(Hawai'i)RarotongaHyptispectinataEnglish:combhyptis,combbushmint,mintweed,purpletop;French:faussementhe;Spanish:poleooiso(Galapagos);Other:miritītā(CookIslands('Atiu));tamoleniveikau,tamolinivavalangi,timothinivavalangi,wavuwavu,ndamoli,bentulsia(Fiji);mumutunlahe,mumutunpalaoan,mumutanademelon(Guam);vaomini(Samoa)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Miti'aroIpomoeaaquaticaEnglish:aquaticmorningglory,swampcabbage,waterspinach,ung-choi,kangkong;French:liserond'eau,patateaquatique;Other:aseri,seeri,seri(Chuuk);rukautaviri(CookIslands);otakarisa,otakarisi,wakumala,ndrinikava,luvenetombithi(Fiji),akankong,cancon,kangkun,kangkung,kankan(Guam);tekangkong(Kiribati);lorenzo(Nauru),kangum,kangkum(Palau);'umalavai(Samoa);kangkong(Ulithi,Yap);kangking,kongkong(Yap)RarotongaJacarandamimosifoliaEnglish:jacarandaRarotongaJusticiacarneaEnglish:pinkplume-flower,pinkjacobiniaRarotongaLablabpurpureusEnglish:hyacinthbean,lablab,bonavist,Egyptiankidneybean,dolichos;French:dolique,doliqued'Egypte,poisnourrice;Other:ndralawa,natomba,tomba(Fiji);cheribillaapaka,chuchumeko(Guam--Chamorro);papapa,pi(Hawai'i);pinilaepuaka(Tonga)RarotongaLantanacamaraEnglish:lantana;Other:latana(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tātarāmoapapa'ā(CookIslands);tātarāmoa(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);kauboica,kaumboitha,mbonambulumakau,mbonarambulumakau,tokalau,waiwai,lanitana(Fiji);tarataramoa,taratarahamoa(FrenchPolynesia);latoramoa(FrenchPolynesia(Tahiti));lakana,la'aukalakala,lanakana(Ni'ihau),mikinoliahihiu,mikinoliahohono,mikinoliakuku(Hawai'i);rosfonacni(Kosrae);tekaibuaka,tekaibuaja(Kiribati);migiroa(Nauru),landana,rantana,rahndana,tukasuweth(Pohnpei);talatala,talatalatalmoa(Tonga)Rarotonga,'AtiuLeptospermumscopariumEnglish:NewZealandtea;manuka(NewZealand)RarotongaLeucaenaleucocephalaEnglish:leucaena,wildtamarind,leadtree;French:grainesdelin,faux-acacia,fauxmimosa(NewCaledonia);Other:lopaSamoa,fuapepe(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);nītō,mara'inu(CookIslands);vaivai,vaivainivavalangi,vaivaidina,balori(Fiji);atiku(FrenchPolynesia(Marquesas));ipel-ipel(Galapagos);tangantangan,tangan-tangan,talantayan(Guam,CNMI,MarshallIslands);talntangan(CNMI);koahaole,lili-koa,ekoa(Hawai'i);tekaitetua(Kiribati);tuhngantuhngan,rohbohtin(Kosrae);tavahikaku(Niue);pepe(NiueandSamoa);telentund(Palau);lusina(Samoa);sialemohemohe(Tonga);cassis(Vanuatu);ganitnityuwantangantan(Yap);namas(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,MangaiaLicualagrandisEnglish:ruffledfanpalm;French:palmier-cuillèreRarotongaMacfadyenaunguis-catiEnglish:cat's-clawclimberRarotonga124ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:MelicoccusbijugatusEnglish:SpanishlimeRarotonga,'AtiuMerremiapeltataEnglish:merremia;Other:fuevae(AmericanSamoa),fuelautetele(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);fidau,fitau,fitaw,fitay(Chuuk);kūrima(CookIslands('Atiu));wambula,wabula,wadamu,wandamu,viliyawa,wiliviwa,veliyana,wiliao(Fiji);pohue(FrenchPolynesia);lagon,lagoun,lagun(Guam);pala,pul,para,puhlah(Kosrae);fue,fuevao,fuekula(Niue);kebeas(Palau);ceul,lohl,iol,yol,yool(Pohnpei);abui,grobihi,arosumou(SolomonIslands);fuemea(Tonga);wachathal(Yap)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Miti'aroMerremiatuberosaEnglish:woodrose,Spanisharborvine,yellowmorning-glory;French:liane-à-tonelle,liane-jaune;Other:alarrak(Saipan);pilikai(Hawai'i)RarotongaMimosainvisaEnglish:giantsensitiveplant,nilagrass;French:grandesensitive,sensitivegèante;Other:pikika'apapa'ā(CookIslands(Aitutaki));vaofefepalagi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa),wangandrongandrolevu,wangandrongandroniwangalelevu,cogadrogadro(Fiji);mechiuaiuu(Palau);limemeihrlaud(Pohnpei);singbiguinsasa(Saipan);la'aufefetele,la'aufefepalagi(Samoa);AitutakiMuntingiacalaburaEnglish:jamtree,strawberrytree,Jamaicancherry,Singaporecherry,Panamacherry,Panamaberry,ornamentalcherry,calabura,sirsen;French:boisramier;Other:venevene(CookIslands(Penrhyn));capulin(Fiji,FrenchPolynesia);manzanilla,mansanita,manzanita(Guam,CNMI),budo(Palau,Yap)RarotongaMurrayapaniculataEnglish:orangejessamine,satin-wood,Chinesebox,Hawaiianmockorange;Other:tiare'ānani(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia)Rarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaOdontonematubaeformeEnglish:firespike,cardinalflower;Other:totoē(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)Rarotonga,MangaiaOperculinaventricosaEnglish:paperrose,St.
Thomaslidpod;Other:alalag(Guam);palulu(Samoa);fuehina(Tonga)RarotongaOpuntiaspp.
English:pricklypear;Other:lenguadevaca(Guam)Rarotonga,AitutakiParaseriantheslophanthaEnglish:brushwattle,plumealbizia,plumeacacia,stinkbeanRarotongaPaspalumurvilleiEnglish:Vaseygrass;French:herbedeVasey,paspalumd'Urville;Other:tinikarāti(CookIslands(Mangaia))Rarotonga,MangaiaPassiflorafoetidaEnglish:love-in-a-mist,wildpassionfruit,passionflower,stinkingpassionflower;French:passiflore;Spanish:bedoca(GalapagosIs.
);Other:pasiovao(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);bombom(Chuuk),sou,lolilolinikalavo,qaranidila(Fiji);pohapoha(Hawai'i);laniwai(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau));teabiku(Kiribati);vinevao(Niue);kudamono(Palau);pompom,pwomwpwomw(Pohnpei);kinahulo'atdao,dulce(Saipan);vaine'initia(Tonga);tomates(Yap)RarotongaPennisetumpurpureumEnglish:elephantgrass,napiergrass,merkergrass;French:herbeéléphant,faussecanneàsucre;Spanish:pastoelefante;Other:'erepani(CookIslands('Atiu));acfucsracsracsr(Kosrae);bokso(Palau);puk-soh(Pohnpei);vaobovi(Samoa)Rarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaPennisetumsetaceumEnglish:fountaingrassRarotongaPhyllostachysbissetiiEnglish:runningbambooMangaiaPhyllostachysnigraEnglish:blackbamboo;French:bambounoirRarotongaPistiastratiotesEnglish:waterlettuce,tropicalduckweed;French:laitued'eau,pistie;Other:lechuguitadeagua,repollodeagua,apon-apon,apoe-apoe,beo-cai,chawkRarotongaPlatyceriumbifurcatumEnglish:elkhornfern,staghornfernRarotongaQuisqualisindicaEnglish:RangooncreeperRarotongaRicinuscommunisEnglish:castorbean,castor-oilplant;French:ricin;Spanish:higuerilla;Other:lamapalagi,lamapapalagi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tuituipapa'ā(CookIslands);mbelenivavalagi,totonivavalagi,utouto(Fiji);agaliya(Guam);koli,pa'aila,ka'apeha,kamakou,la'au,'aila(Hawai'i);tuitui,tuituifuaikiiki(Niue);gelug,maskerekur,uluchulaskoki(Palau);lepo,lepohina(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaSanchezianobilisEnglish:sanchezia.
RarotongaSancheziaparvibracteataEnglish:sancheziaRarotonga,Aitutaki,'AtiuScheffleraactinophyllaEnglish:octopustree,umbrellatree,ivypalm;French:arbre-pieuvre,arbreombelleRarotonga125ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:SennaalataEnglish:candlebush;candelabrabush,Romancandletree,emperor'scandlesticks,ringwormbush(Australia),alcapulco;French:episd'or,boisdartre,dartres;Other:fa'ilafa,la'aufailafa(AmericanSamoa,SamoaandTonga);arakak(Chuuk);mbainithangi(Fiji);akapuku,andadose,candalaria,take-biha(Guam);mulamula(Niue);kerulabesokel,yult(Palau);rakauhonuki,truke-n-kili-n-wai,tuhkehnkilinwai,tirakahonuki(Pohnpei);bakauplant(SolomonIslands);te'elango(Tonga);flay-n-sabouw(Yap)RarotongaSennasiameaEnglish:cassodtree,kassodtree,Siamesecassia,pheasantwood,Thailandshower;French:boisperdrix;Other:kasia(Tonga)'AtiuSesbaniagrandifloraEnglish:sesbania,hummingbirdtree,sesban,scarletwisteriatree,corkwoodtree;French:agatiagrandesfleurs;Other:agati,agathi(Fiji);oufai,ofai,ouai(FrenchPolynesia);katurai(Guam);ohaike'oke'o(Hawai'i);sepania(Samoa)Rarotonga,MangaiaSetariapalmifoliaEnglish:palmgrass,shortpitpit,hailanspitpit,broadleavedbristlegrass;Other:vao'ofe'ofe(Samoa)SetariapumilaEnglish:foxtail,gardenbristlegrass,hairy-tailgrass,yellowbristlegrass,Queenslandpigeongrass(Australia),cat'stailgrass(Fiji);French:sétaireglauqueRarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaSolandramaximaEnglish:goldencup,cupofgold,chalicevine;Spanish:copadeoroRarotonga,MangaiaSolanummauritianumEnglish:bugweed,wildtobacco,treetobacco;Other:rau'ava'ava(CookIslands);puananahonua(Hawai'i);pula(Tonga)Rarotonga,AitutakiSporobolusindicusEnglish:smutgrass,wiregrass,Indiandropseed;Other:fisihina(Tonga)Rarotonga,AitutakiStenotaphrumsecundatumEnglish:buffalograss,St.
Augustinegrass;French:chiendentdeboeuf;Spanish:pastoSanAugustín;Other:'aki'akihaole,mānienie'aki'aki,mānienie'aki'akihaole,mānieniemāhikihiki(Hawai'i)RarotongaTabebuiaheterophyllaEnglish:pinktecoma,pinktrumpettree,whitecedar;Other:calicedupapeRarotongaThevetiaperuvianaEnglish:yellowoleander,be-stilltree,luckynut;French:oléandrejaune;Other:koneta(Chuuk);venevene(CookIslands(Mangaia)),'enere(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Miti'aro));nohomalie(Hawai'i);irelepsech(Yap)Rarotonga,Mangaia,Miti'aroThunbergiaalataEnglish:black-eyedsusanvine;French:suzanneauxyeuxnoirsRarotongaThunbergiafragransEnglish:whitelady,whitethunbergia,sweetclock-vine;Other:fuehina(Tonga)Rarotonga,MangaiaThunbergiagrandifloraEnglish:Bengaltrumpet,bluetrumpetvine,clockvine,skyvine,large-flowerdthunbergia;Other:bungel'letiu(Palau)RarotongaThunbergialaurifoliaEnglish:purpleallamanda,laurel-leavedthunbergia,laurelclockvineRarotongaTibouchinaurvilleanaEnglish:glorybush,lasiandra,princessflowerRarotongaToonaciliataEnglish:Australianredcedar,toon,surian,Indianmahogany;Other:woodpikake(Hawai'i);tuna(Samoa);,sitakula(Tonga)MangaiaTremaorientalisEnglish:charcoaltree,gunpowdertree;Other:agaunai,banahl,talamama(CNMI);elodechoel(Palau);uanin(Yap);ndrou,ndroundrou,ndrikanaithembe(Fiji);aere(FrenchPolynesia),mangele,manele,magele(Niue,Samoa,Tonga)MangaiaTriumfettasemitrilobaEnglish:Sacramentobur;Other:dadangsi,masiksiklahe(Guam)Rarotonga,AitutakiUrochloamuticaEnglish:Californiagrass,paragrass,buffalograss,Mauritiusgrass,signalgrass;French:herbedePara;Other:maukupuakatoro(CookIslands);puakatau(Tonga)(Swarbrick,1997)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,Miti'aroWedeliatrilobataEnglish:wedelia,trailingdaisy,Singaporedaisy,creepingox-eye;Other:ngesilrangebard(Palau);dihpwongohng,tuhkeongohng(Pohnpei);rosrangrang(Kosrae);utmkadkad,uttelia(MarshallIslands);atiat(Puluwat);ate(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu126Appendix16.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonothersouthernCookIslandsbutnotonMiti'aroScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:AcaciaaulacocarpaEnglish:brownsalwood,brushironbarkwattle,hickorywattleMangaiaAcaciaauriculiformisEnglish:Papuanwattle,auri,earleafacacia,northernblackwattle,ear-podwattle;Other:ākasia(CookIslands);tuhkehnpwelmwahu(Pohnpei)Rarotonga,MangaiaAcaciacrassicarpaEnglish:northernwattle,PapuaNewGuinearedwattle'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAcaciacurassavicaredwoodMa'ukeAcaciafarnesianaEnglish:Ellingtoncurse,klu,sweetacacia;French:acaciajaune,cassie;Other:titima(CookIslands);vaivaivaka-vatona,vaivaivakavotona,banbaburi,oki(Fiji);aroma,popinac,kandaroma(Guam,CNMI);kolu(Hawai'i);tekaibakoa(Kiribati);debena(Nauru)Rarotonga,AitutakiAcaciamangiumEnglish:mangium,brownsalwood,blackwattle,hickorywattle;Other:ākasia(CookIslands);tuhkehnpwelmwahu(Pohnpei)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAcaciamearnsiiEnglish:blackwattle;French:acacianoir;Other:ākasia(CookIslands)RarotongaAllamandacatharticaEnglish:yellowtrumpetvine,goldentrumpet,allamanda,brownbudallamanda,goldenallamanda,goldencup;French:monettejaune,li'anes'aime;Other:puataunofo(AmericanSamoaandSamoa),tiarerengarenga,pua(CookIslands);lani-ali'i(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAlpiniapurpurataEnglish:redginger;Other:kōpīmuramura(CookIslands);thevunga(Fiji);'awapuhi'ula'ula(Hawai'i);teuila(Samoa);tevunga(Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukeAnacardiumoccidentaleEnglish:cashew,cashewnut;French:anacardier,pommedecojou,acajouapommes,pommierd'acajou;Other:kātū(CookIslands);kasoi(Guam);'apu'initia(Samoa);'apu,kesiu(Tonga)'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAnnonaglabraEnglish:pondapple,alligatorapple,bullock'sheart,cherimoyer;French:annonedesmarais,corossolierdesmarais;Other:utonimbulumakau,utonibulumakau,kaitambo,kaitambu(Fiji)RarotongaAnrederacordifoliaEnglish:Madeiravine,mignonettevine,lamb'stails;Other:tāpau(CookIslands('Atiu));'ualahupe(Hawai'i);filikafa(Niue)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAntigononleptopusEnglish:Mexicancreeper,mountainrose,Confederatevine,chain-of-love,heartsonachain,love-vine,coralbells,coralvine,queen'sjewels,kadenadeamor,corallita;Other:dilngau(Palau);rohsapoak(Pohnpei)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'AtiuArdisiacrenataEnglish:hen'seyes,Hiloholly,coralberry,Australianholly,scratchthroat;French:arbreànolRarotongaArdisiaellipticaEnglish:shoebuttonardisia;Other:venevenetinitō(CookIslands);atipopa'a,atiu(FrenchPolynesia);togovao(Samoa)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAristolochialittoralisEnglish:Dutchman'spipe,calicoflower;Other:mokorā(CookIslands);fuepaipaholani(Tonga)MangaiaArundodonaxEnglish:giantreed,Spanishreed,wildcane;French:cannedeProvence,grandroseau;Other:ngasaunivavalangi(Fiji);fisopalagi,fisopapalagi(Samoa);kahofolalahi(Tonga)RarotongaAsparagusdensiflorusEnglish:asparagusfern,sprengerifern,smilax,regalfernRarotongaAxonopuscompressusEnglish:blanketgrass,carpetgrass;Other:kambutunivavalangi(Fiji)RarotongaAxonopusfissifoliusEnglish:carataograss,narrow-leavedcarpetgrassRarotongaAzadirachtaindicaEnglish:neem,nim,margosaRarotongaAzollafiliculoidesEnglish:mosquitofernRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeBauhiniapurpureaEnglish:purpleorchidtree;purplebutterflytree,pinkbutterflytree(Fiji);French:fleurspourpresRarotongaBauhiniavariegataEnglish:orchidtree;mountainebony,butterflytree(Fiji);French:boisdeboeuf,sabotboeuf,arbredeSaint-ThomasRarotongaBothriochloabladhiiEnglish:bluegrass,Australianbeardgrass,Caucasianbluestem;Other:desum(Palau);latokagrass,thambonigrass(Fiji)AitutakiBryophyllumdelagoenseEnglish:chandelierplantRarotonga127ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:BryophyllumpinnatumEnglish:lifeplant,airplant,resurrectionplant,Canterburybells,cathedralbells,Mexicanloveplant;Spanish:hojadelaire;Other:ngāngā'eretoka(CookIslands);bulatawamudu(Fiji);'oliwakukahakai(Hawai'i);teang(Kiribati);kibilia(MarshallIslands);tupuhelau,tupunoa(Niue);pagi(Samoa);pipivao(Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,MangaiaCalliandrahaematocephalaEnglish:redpowderpuff;French:pomponRarotongaCalliandrasurinamensisEnglish:SurinamesestickpeaRarotongaCallisiafragransEnglish:fragrantinchplant,basketplant,spironemaAitutaki,'AtiuCalotropisgiganteaEnglish:calotrope,crownflower,madar;French:mercurevégétal,mudar;Other:pua-kalaunu(Hawai'i);tahinu(FrenchPolynesia)RarotongaCardiospermumgrandiflorumEnglish:balloonvine;heartseed;Other:kopūpūtakaviri(CookIslands)RarotongaCarludovicapalmataEnglish:Panamahatplant;French:carludoviquepalmée;Spanish:chidra,palmadesombrero,palmajipijapa,toquilla;Other:Panamā(CookIslands)Rarotonga,'AtiuCecropiaobtusifoliaEnglish:trumpettree,guarumo;Other:rau-māniota(CookIslands)RarotongaCedrelaodorataEnglish:cigarboxcedar,Mexicancedar,WestIndiancedar,Spanishcedar,Barbadoscedar;French:cèdreacajou,cèdredesbarbares;Spanish:cedrocubano(GalapagosIs.
);Other:sitahina(Tonga)Rarotonga,'AtiuCestrumdiurnumEnglish:inkberry,dayjessamine,daycestrum,Chinaberry;Other:ariki-va'ine(CookIslands);thauthau(Fiji);tinta'n-China,tentanchinu,tintanChina(Guam,CNMI);makahala(Hawai'i);sugivao,sunivao(Samoa);vaitohi(Tonga)Rarotonga,MangaiaCestrumnocturnumEnglish:night-floweringcestrum,night-floweringjasmine,queen(orlady)ofthenight;Other:teineolepo,ali'iolepo(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tiareariki-va'ine,ariki-va'ine(CookIslands);thauthau,thauthaunimbongi,kara(Fiji);dama-de-noche(Guam);'alaaumoe,kupaoa,onaonaIapana(Hawai'i);jooulruawa(MarshallIslands);ikihepo(Niue);lakaupo'uli(Tonga)Rarotonga,MangaiaChlorisbarbataEnglish:swollenfingergrass,purpletopchloris(Australia),airportgrass(Fiji);Other:mau'ulei(Hawai'i)RarotongaCinnamomumcamphoraEnglish:camphortree,camphorlaurel;French:camphre,camphrierRarotongaClerodendrumbuchananiivar.
fallaxEnglish:redclerodendrum,pagoda-flower;Other:rākautupopoku(CookIslands('Atiu));talufe(Niue);lau'awa(Hawai'i);amo'ula,amo'ule(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeClerodendrumchinenseEnglish:Honolulurose,stickbush,glorybower;Other:losaHonolulu,losaOnolulu(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pītatemāma'o,tiaretupapaku(CookIslands);pikakehohono,pikakewauke(Hawai'i)RarotongaClitoriaternateaEnglish:butterflypea,Asianpigeonwings;French:honte;Other:buikike,bukike,paokeke,bukikepaokeke,capadelareina,kapadelaraina(Guam);putitainubia(CNMI);pepe(Niue);latoela,nawa(Fiji),paipa(Tonga)RarotongaCortaderiaselloanaEnglish:pampasgrass,silverpampasgrass,UruguayanpampasgrassRarotongaCostusspeciosusEnglish:crepeginger,crapeginger,wildginger,Malayginger,canereed;Other:isebsab(Palau)Rarotonga,'AtiuCrotalariamicansEnglish:crotalaria;Other:pinekotalelia,pile(Niue)Mangaia,Ma'ukeCryptostegiamadagascariensisEnglish:English:MadagascarrubbervineRarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaCuscutacampestrisEnglish:goldendodder,fielddodder,five-angleddodder;Other:tiaea(CookIslands(Mangaia));navereverelangi,wavereverelangi,walawala,wambosuthu,wandanga,watikaivu,ndithangi(Fiji)Rarotonga,MangaiaCyperusinvolucratusEnglish:umbrellasedge,umbrellaplant,dwarfpapyrusgrass;Other:'ahu'awahaole,pu'uka'ahaole(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,AitutakiDerrisellipticaEnglish:derris;Other:tuba,bagin(Guam);oop,op(Kosrae);dub(Palau);up(Chuuk,Pohnpei);peinuhp,uhp,upanai,upanyap,upkesetik(Pohnpei);yuub(Yap);nduva,duvanivavalagi,nduvanivavalangi(Fiji)RarotongaDesmodiumtortuosumEnglish:Floridabeggarweed,Spanishclover,dixieticktrefoilMangaiaDieffenbachiaseguineEnglish:dieffenbachia,dumbcane;Other:yalunivavalagi(Fiji)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeDigitariaviolascensEnglish:smoothcrabgrass,violetcrabgrass;Other:sau(Palau)RarotongaDissotisrotundifoliaEnglish:dissotis,Spanishshawl,pinkladyRarotonga,Ma'uke128ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:DurantaerectaEnglish:duranta,goldendewdrop,pigeon-berry,sky-flower;Other:'olive(Tonga)RarotongaEgeriadensaEnglish:egeria,leafyelodea,densewaterweedRarotongaEichhorniacrassipesEnglish:waterhyacinth;French:jacinthed'eau;Other:ririvai(CookIslands(Mangaia));mbekambekairanga,ndambendambeninga,jalkhumbe,bekabekairaga,dabedabenega,jalkhumbe(Fiji);bungelralm(Palau)Rarotonga,MangaiaErigeronkarvinskianusEnglish:Mexicandaisy,seasidedaisy,daisyfleabaneRarotongaFalcatariamoluccanaEnglish:Moluccaalbizia;Other:tamaligipalagi(AmericanSamoa);'ārapitia(CookIslands);tuhkekerosene,tuhkehnkarisihn(Pohnpei);ukallrangebard(Palau);tamaligipaepae(Samoa)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeFicusbenjaminaEnglish:weepingfig,baka,Javafig,weepingfig;Other:'ovavafisi(Tonga)RarotongaFicuselasticaEnglish:Indiarubbertree,rubberplant;Other:rapa(CookIslands);komunokí(Palau);rapah(Pohnpei);gak'iynigoma(Yap)Rarotonga,'AtiuFicusmacrophyllaEnglish:MoretonBayfigRarotongaFlacourtiajangomasEnglish:Indian-plum,runeala-plum;French:prunierd'Inde;Spanish:ciruelaforasteraRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeFlacourtiarukamEnglish:Indianplum,Indianprune,governor'splum;French:pruniercafé,prunierdeChine,pruniermalgache;Other:filimoto(Fiji,Futuna,SamoaandAmericanSamoa,Tonga)RarotongaFlemingiamacrophyllaRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeFlemingiastrobiliferaEnglish:luckplant,wildhops;French:sainfoindubengale;Other:besungelaiei(Palau)Rarotonga,'AtiuFurcraeafoetidaEnglish:Mauritiushemp,sisal,maguey,giantcabuya;French:aloèsvert,chanvredeMaurice;Other:piāni,rōpiāni(CookIslands);malina(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau));toua(Niue);faumalila,faumalila(Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,MangaiaGliricidiasepiumEnglish:motherofcacao,quickstick,Mexicanlilac;Spanish:madredecacaoRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeGmelinaarboreaEnglish:gmelina,whiteteak,whitebeech;Spanish:melina;Other:yemane(Fiji,Philippines)Rarotonga,'AtiuGomphocarpusphysocarpusEnglish:balloonplant,bladderbushRarotongaGrevilleabanksiiEnglish:kahiliflower,Banksgrevillea;Other:ha'iku,kahili(Hawai'i);'okapua'ula'ula(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau))RarotongaGrevillearobustaEnglish:silkoak,silkyoak,heoak,silveroak,spiderflower;Other:'okakilika,ha'ikuke'oke'o(Hawai'i),oke'(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaHedychiumflavescensEnglish:yellowginger,creamginger;French:longoze;Other:teuila(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kōpīrengarenga,re'arengarenga(CookIslands);opuhirearea(FrenchPolynesia);'awapuhimelemele(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeHedychiumgardnerianumEnglish:kahiliginger;Other:kōpī(CookIslands);cevugadromodromo(Fiji);kahili,'awapuhikahili(Hawai'i);sinterweitahta(Pohnpei)Rarotonga,MangaiaHeliconiaspp.
English:heliconia,parrot's-flower,parrot's-plantain,crabclaw,lobsterclaw;Other:tiarepārata'ito(CookIslands)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukeHemigraphisalternataEnglish:metalleaf;redivy,cemeteryplant(Fiji);Other:suipi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeHippobromalongifloraEnglish:starofBethlehem,fetia,madamfate;Other:puahōkū(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,MangaiaHylocereusundatusEnglish:night-bloomingcereus,strawberrypear,redpitaya,dragonfruit,pitahaya;French:pitaya,pitahayarouge;Spanish:flordeCaliz;Other:paniniokapunahou,papipipua(Hawai'i)RarotongaIndigoferasuffruticosaEnglish:indigo;Other:'initiko(CookIslands);aniles(Guam);'iniko,inikoa,kolu(Hawai'i);la'aumageso(Samoa);'akauveli(Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeIpomoeaaquaticaEnglish:aquaticmorningglory,swampcabbage,waterspinach,ung-choi,kangkong;French:liserond'eau,patateaquatique;Other:aseri,seeri,seri(Chuuk);rukautaviri(CookIslands);otakarisa,otakarisi,wakumala,ndrinikava,luvenetombithi(Fiji),akankong,cancon,kangkun,kangkung,kankan(Guam);tekangkong(Kiribati);lorenzo(Nauru),kangum,kangkum(Palau);'umalavai(Samoa);kangkong(Ulithi,Yap);kangking,kongkong(Yap)RarotongaJacarandamimosifoliaEnglish:jacarandaRarotonga129ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:JatrophacurcasEnglish:physicnut,purgingnut,Barbadosnut;French:médicinier,pignond'Inde,purghère;Other:tuituipakarangi,pakarani(CookIslands);fiki(CookIslands,Fiji,Tonga);wiriwiri,wiriwirinivavalangi,utonivavalangi,banidakai,mbanindakai,manggele,maqele,ndrala(Fiji);tuba-tuba(Guam);kuku'ihi(Hawai'i),kuikuiPake(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau),laupata(Samoa)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Ma'ukeJusticiacarneaEnglish:pinkplume-flower,pinkjacobiniaRarotongaLablabpurpureusEnglish:hyacinthbean,lablab,bonavist,Egyptiankidneybean,dolichos;French:dolique,doliqued'Egypte,poisnourrice;Other:ndralawa,natomba,tomba(Fiji);cheribillaapaka,chuchumeko(Guam--Chamorro);papapa,pi(Hawai'i);pinilaepuaka(Tonga)RarotongaLantanacamaraEnglish:lantana;Other:latana(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tātarāmoapapa'ā(CookIslands);tātarāmoa(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);kauboica,kaumboitha,mbonambulumakau,mbonarambulumakau,tokalau,waiwai,lanitana(Fiji);tarataramoa,taratarahamoa(FrenchPolynesia);latoramoa(FrenchPolynesia(Tahiti));lakana,la'aukalakala,lanakana(Ni'ihau),mikinoliahihiu,mikinoliahohono,mikinoliakuku(Hawai'i);rosfonacni(Kosrae);tekaibuaka,tekaibuaja(Kiribati);migiroa(Nauru),landana,rantana,rahndana,tukasuweth(Pohnpei);talatala,talatalatalmoa(Tonga)Rarotonga,'AtiuLeptospermumscopariumEnglish:NewZealandtea;manuka(NewZealand)RarotongaLeucaenaleucocephalaEnglish:leucaena,wildtamarind,leadtree;French:grainesdelin,faux-acacia,fauxmimosa(NewCaledonia);Other:lopaSamoa,fuapepe(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);nītō,mara'inu(CookIslands);vaivai,vaivainivavalangi,vaivaidina,balori(Fiji);atiku(FrenchPolynesia(Marquesas));ipel-ipel(Galapagos);tangantangan,tangan-tangan,talantayan(Guam,CNMI,MarshallIslands);talntangan(CNMI);koahaole,lili-koa,ekoa(Hawai'i);tekaitetua(Kiribati);tuhngantuhngan,rohbohtin(Kosrae);tavahikaku(Niue);pepe(NiueandSamoa);telentund(Palau);lusina(Samoa);sialemohemohe(Tonga);cassis(Vanuatu);ganitnityuwantangantan(Yap);namas(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,MangaiaLicualagrandisEnglish:ruffledfanpalm;French:palmier-cuillèreRarotongaLonicerajaponicaEnglish:Japanesehoneysuckle,Hall'shoneysuckle;Other:pitatepapa'ā(CookIslands);mangamangārima(CookIslands(Ma'uke));honekakala(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeMacfadyenaunguis-catiEnglish:cat's-clawclimberRarotongaMelicoccusbijugatusEnglish:SpanishlimeRarotonga,'AtiuMelinisrepensEnglish:Natalredtop,Natalgrass,redNatalgrass,Holme'sgrass,blanketgrass;French:herbeduNatal,herberose,herbepappangue;tricholène(NewCaledonia);Other:salapona(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeMerremiatuberosaEnglish:woodrose,Spanisharborvine,yellowmorning-glory;French:liane-à-tonelle,liane-jaune;Other:alarrak(Saipan);pilikai(Hawai'i)RarotongaMimosainvisaEnglish:giantsensitiveplant,nilagrass;French:grandesensitive,sensitivegèante;Other:pikika'apapa'ā(CookIslands(Aitutaki));vaofefepalagi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa),wangandrongandrolevu,wangandrongandroniwangalelevu,cogadrogadro(Fiji);mechiuaiuu(Palau);limemeihrlaud(Pohnpei);singbiguinsasa(Saipan);la'aufefetele,la'aufefepalagi(Samoa);AitutakiMuntingiacalaburaEnglish:jamtree,strawberrytree,Jamaicancherry,Singaporecherry,Panamacherry,Panamaberry,ornamentalcherry,calabura,sirsen;French:boisramier;Other:venevene(CookIslands(Penrhyn));capulin(Fiji,FrenchPolynesia);manzanilla,mansanita,manzanita(Guam,CNMI),budo(Palau,Yap)RarotongaMurrayapaniculataEnglish:orangejessamine,satin-wood,Chinesebox,Hawaiianmockorange;Other:tiare'ānani(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia)Rarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaNymphaeaspp.
English:waterlily;Other:ririvai(CookIslands)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeOdontonematubaeformeEnglish:firespike,cardinalflower;Other:totoē(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)Rarotonga,MangaiaOperculinaventricosaEnglish:paperrose,St.
Thomaslidpod;Other:alalag(Guam);palulu(Samoa);fuehina(Tonga)RarotongaOpuntiaspp.
English:pricklypear;Other:lenguadevaca(Guam)Rarotonga,Aitutaki130ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:PanicummaximumEnglish:Guineagrass,greenpanic,buffalograss;French:herbedeGuinéa,panicélevé,capimeguiné,fataque;Other:vaokini(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tinikarāti(CookIslands);talapi(CookIslands(Ma'uke);saafa(Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeParaseriantheslophanthaEnglish:brushwattle,plumealbizia,plumeacacia,stinkbeanRarotongaPaspalumorbiculareEnglish:ricegrass;creepingpaspalum,ditchmillet,Indianpaspalum,kodomillet,watercouch;Spanish:mijokoda;Other:mātā(CookIslands);codurulevu,thondurulevu,thondina,thonindina(Fiji);karasi(SolomonIslands)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukePaspalumpaniculatumEnglish:Russellrivergrass,galmarragrass;Other:matiemanutai(CookIslands);taravao'uru'uru(CookIslands(Mangaia))Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukePaspalumurvilleiEnglish:Vaseygrass;French:herbedeVasey,paspalumd'Urville;Other:tinikarāti(CookIslands(Mangaia))Rarotonga,MangaiaPassiflorafoetidaEnglish:love-in-a-mist,wildpassionfruit,passionflower,stinkingpassionflower;French:passiflore;Spanish:bedoca(GalapagosIs.
);Other:pasiovao(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);bombom(Chuuk),sou,lolilolinikalavo,qaranidila(Fiji);pohapoha(Hawai'i);laniwai(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau));teabiku(Kiribati);vinevao(Niue);kudamono(Palau);pompom,pwomwpwomw(Pohnpei);kinahulo'atdao,dulce(Saipan);vaine'initia(Tonga);tomates(Yap)RarotongaPassifloralaurifoliaEnglish:yellowgranadilla,belleapple,yellowwater-lemon;French:pomme-liane,pommed'or;Other:pasiovao(Samoa);vaine'aekuma(Tonga)Ma'ukePassifloraligularisEnglish:sweetgranadilla,yellowpassionfruit;French:granadille,grenadilledouce,barbadine;French:granadille,grenadilledouce,barbadine;Other:lemiwai,laniwai,lemona(Hawai'i)Ma'ukePennisetumpurpureumEnglish:elephantgrass,napiergrass,merkergrass;French:herbeéléphant,faussecanneàsucre;Spanish:pastoelefante;Other:'erepani(CookIslands('Atiu));acfucsracsracsr(Kosrae);bokso(Palau);puk-soh(Pohnpei);vaobovi(Samoa)Rarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaPennisetumsetaceumEnglish:fountaingrassRarotongaPhyllostachysbissetiiEnglish:runningbambooMangaiaPhyllostachysnigraEnglish:blackbamboo;French:bambounoirRarotongaPinuscaribaeaEnglish:Caribbeanpine,Bahamaspine;Other:painapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));paina(Samoa);paini(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukePistiastratiotesEnglish:waterlettuce,tropicalduckweed;French:laitued'eau,pistie;Other:lechuguitadeagua,repollodeagua,apon-apon,apoe-apoe,beo-cai,chawkRarotongaPlatyceriumbifurcatumEnglish:elkhornfern,staghornfernRarotongaPuerariaphaseoloidesEnglish:tropicalkudzu,puero;Other:kūkū(CookIslands('Aitu))Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukePyrostegiavenustaEnglish:flamevine,flameflower,goldenshower,orangetrumpetvineRarotongaQuisqualisindicaEnglish:RangooncreeperRarotongaRicinuscommunisEnglish:castorbean,castor-oilplant;French:ricin;Spanish:higuerilla;Other:lamapalagi,lamapapalagi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tuituipapa'ā(CookIslands);mbelenivavalagi,totonivavalagi,utouto(Fiji);agaliya(Guam);koli,pa'aila,ka'apeha,kamakou,la'au,'aila(Hawai'i);tuitui,tuituifuaikiiki(Niue);gelug,maskerekur,uluchulaskoki(Palau);lepo,lepohina(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaSanchezianobilisEnglish:sanchezia.
RarotongaSancheziaparvibracteataEnglish:sancheziaRarotonga,Aitutaki,'AtiuScheffleraactinophyllaEnglish:octopustree,umbrellatree,ivypalm;French:arbre-pieuvre,arbreombelleRarotongaScindapsusaureusEnglish:pothos,moneyplant;Other:'ara(CookIslands(Ma'uke));yalu,wayalu,walu,halu,waloa,matha,nanggalanggala,nanggalinggali,tonga,tanga(Fiji);alu(Fiji,Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke131ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:SennaalataEnglish:candlebush;candelabrabush,Romancandletree,emperor'scandlesticks,ringwormbush(Australia),alcapulco;French:episd'or,boisdartre,dartres;Other:fa'ilafa,la'aufailafa(AmericanSamoa,SamoaandTonga);arakak(Chuuk);mbainithangi(Fiji);akapuku,andadose,candalaria,take-biha(Guam);mulamula(Niue);kerulabesokel,yult(Palau);rakauhonuki,truke-n-kili-n-wai,tuhkehnkilinwai,tirakahonuki(Pohnpei);bakauplant(SolomonIslands);te'elango(Tonga);flay-n-sabouw(Yap)RarotongaSennasiameaEnglish:cassodtree,kassodtree,Siamesecassia,pheasantwood,Thailandshower;French:boisperdrix;Other:kasia(Tonga)'AtiuSennatoraEnglish:foetidcassia,stinkingcassia,Java-bean,sicklesenna,sicklepod,Chinesesenna,peanutweed,sicklesenna;French:cassiersauvage,poispuant,séné;Other:vaopinati(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kaumoce,kaumothe,pini,tarota(Fiji);mumutunadmelon,mumutunpalaoan,amot-tumagacarabao(Guam),te'epulu,tengafefeka(Tonga)Ma'ukeSesbaniagrandifloraEnglish:sesbania,hummingbirdtree,sesban,scarletwisteriatree,corkwoodtree;French:agatiagrandesfleurs;Other:agati,agathi(Fiji);oufai,ofai,ouai(FrenchPolynesia);katurai(Guam);ohaike'oke'o(Hawai'i);sepania(Samoa)Rarotonga,MangaiaSetariapalmifoliaEnglish:palmgrass,shortpitpit,hailanspitpit,broadleavedbristlegrass;Other:vao'ofe'ofe(Samoa)SetariapumilaEnglish:foxtail,gardenbristlegrass,hairy-tailgrass,yellowbristlegrass,Queenslandpigeongrass(Australia),cat'stailgrass(Fiji);French:sétaireglauqueRarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaSolandramaximaEnglish:goldencup,cupofgold,chalicevine;Spanish:copadeoroRarotonga,MangaiaSolanumcapsicoidesEnglish:cockroachberry,devil'sapple,sodaapple;Other:poro'ititaratara(CookIslands);kikaniakei,akaaka,akaka(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Ma'ukeSolanummauritianumEnglish:bugweed,wildtobacco,treetobacco;Other:rau'ava'ava(CookIslands);puananahonua(Hawai'i);pula(Tonga)Rarotonga,AitutakiSpathodeacampanulataEnglish:Africantuliptree,fireball,fountaintree;French:tulipierduGabon,pisse-pisse;Spanish:tulipanafricano;Other:kō'ī'ī,mimi,pātītīvaipatitivai,pititivai(CookIslands);matakō'ī'īko'i'i(CookIslands(Mangaia));apr(CNMI);tagamimi(Fiji);orsachelkui(Palau);tuhkedulip(Pohnpei);fa'apasi(Samoa);tiulipe(Tonga);rarningobchey(Yap)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukeSporobolusindicusEnglish:smutgrass,wiregrass,Indiandropseed;Other:fisihina(Tonga)Rarotonga,AitutakiStenotaphrumsecundatumEnglish:buffalograss,St.
Augustinegrass;French:chiendentdeboeuf;Spanish:pastoSanAugustín;Other:'aki'akihaole,mānienie'aki'aki,mānienie'aki'akihaole,mānieniemāhikihiki(Hawai'i)RarotongaStylosanthesguianensisEnglish:stylo,Brazilianlucerne,tropicallucerne,Nigerianstylo;Other:maukupuakatoro(CookIslands('Atiu))'Atiu,Ma'ukeSyngoniumangustatumEnglish:arrowheadplant,goosefootplantRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeTabebuiaheterophyllaEnglish:pinktecoma,pinktrumpettree,whitecedar;Other:calicedupapeRarotongaTecomastansEnglish:yellowbells,yellow-elder,yellowtrumpetbush;Other:tekoma(CookIslands);piti(FrenchPolynesia,Tonga);peeal(Puluwat)Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeThunbergiaalataEnglish:black-eyedsusanvine;French:suzanneauxyeuxnoirsRarotongaThunbergiagrandifloraEnglish:Bengaltrumpet,bluetrumpetvine,clockvine,skyvine,large-flowerdthunbergia;Other:bungel'letiu(Palau)RarotongaThunbergialaurifoliaEnglish:purpleallamanda,laurel-leavedthunbergia,laurelclockvineRarotongaTibouchinaurvilleanaEnglish:glorybush,lasiandra,princessflowerRarotongaToonaciliataEnglish:Australianredcedar,toon,surian,Indianmahogany;Other:woodpikake(Hawai'i);tuna(Samoa);,sitakula(Tonga)MangaiaTradescantiazebrinaEnglish:wanderingzebrina,wanderingjew,inchplant;Other:maukupapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia))Rarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeTremaorientalisEnglish:charcoaltree,gunpowdertree;Other:agaunai,banahl,talamama(CNMI);elodechoel(Palau);uanin(Yap);ndrou,ndroundrou,ndrikanaithembe(Fiji);aere(FrenchPolynesia),mangele,manele,magele(Niue,Samoa,Tonga)MangaiaTriumfettasemitrilobaEnglish:Sacramentobur;Other:dadangsi,masiksiklahe(Guam)Rarotonga,AitutakiWedeliatrilobataEnglish:wedelia,trailingdaisy,Singaporedaisy,creepingox-eye;Other:ngesilrangebard(Palau);dihpwongohng,tuhkeongohng(Pohnpei);rosrangrang(Kosrae);utmkadkad,uttelia(MarshallIslands);atiat(Puluwat);ate(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu132Appendix17.
InvasiveandpotentiallyinvasivespeciespresentonsouthernCookIslandsbutnotreportedtobepresentonthenorthernCookIslandsScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:AcaciaaulacocarpaEnglish:brownsalwood,brushironbarkwattle,hickorywattleMangaiaAcaciaauriculiformisEnglish:Papuanwattle,auri,earleafacacia,northernblackwattle,ear-podwattle;Other:ākasia(CookIslands);tuhkehnpwelmwahu(Pohnpei)Rarotonga,MangaiaAcaciacrassicarpaEnglish:northernwattle,PapuaNewGuinearedwattle'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAcaciacurassavicaredwoodMa'ukeAcaciafarnesianaEnglish:Ellingtoncurse,klu,sweetacacia;French:acaciajaune,cassie;Other:titima(CookIslands);vaivaivaka-vatona,vaivaivakavotona,banbaburi,oki(Fiji);aroma,popinac,kandaroma(Guam,CNMI);kolu(Hawai'i);tekaibakoa(Kiribati);debena(Nauru)Rarotonga,AitutakiAcaciamearnsiiEnglish:blackwattle;French:acacianoir;Other:ākasia(CookIslands)RarotongaAlbizialebbeckEnglish:siris-tree,raintree,EastIndianwalnut,kokko,woman's-tonguetree,soros-tree,raomtree;French:boisnoir;Other:'arapitia(CookIslands(Miti'aro));trongkon-mames,tronkonmames,mamis(Guam);kalaskas,trongkon-kalaskas(CNMI–Chamorro);schepilkalaskas(CNMI–Carolinian);ukallrangebard(Palau);gumorningabchey;ngumorrningobchey(Yap);'ohai(Hawai'i);vaivai,vaivainivavalangi,vaivainivavalagi(Fiji);tamaligipa'epa'e(Samoa);kasia(Tonga)Rarotonga,Miti'aroAllamandacatharticaEnglish:yellowtrumpetvine,goldentrumpet,allamanda,brownbudallamanda,goldenallamanda,goldencup;French:monettejaune,li'anes'aime;Other:puataunofo(AmericanSamoaandSamoa),tiarerengarenga,pua(CookIslands);lani-ali'i(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAlpiniapurpurataEnglish:redginger;Other:kōpīmuramura(CookIslands);thevunga(Fiji);'awapuhi'ula'ula(Hawai'i);teuila(Samoa);tevunga(Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukeAnacardiumoccidentaleEnglish:cashew,cashewnut;French:anacardier,pommedecojou,acajouapommes,pommierd'acajou;Other:kātū(CookIslands);kasoi(Guam);'apu'initia(Samoa);'apu,kesiu(Tonga)'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAnnonaglabraEnglish:pondapple,alligatorapple,bullock'sheart,cherimoyer;French:annonedesmarais,corossolierdesmarais;Other:utonimbulumakau,utonibulumakau,kaitambo,kaitambu(Fiji)RarotongaAnrederacordifoliaEnglish:Madeiravine,mignonettevine,lamb'stails;Other:tāpau(CookIslands('Atiu));'ualahupe(Hawai'i);filikafa(Niue)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAntigononleptopusEnglish:Mexicancreeper,mountainrose,Confederatevine,chain-of-love,heartsonachain,love-vine,coralbells,coralvine,queen'sjewels,kadenadeamor,corallita;Other:dilngau(Palau);rohsapoak(Pohnpei)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'AtiuArdisiacrenataEnglish:hen'seyes,Hiloholly,coralberry,Australianholly,scratchthroat;French:arbreànolRarotongaArdisiaellipticaEnglish:shoebuttonardisia;Other:venevenetinitō(CookIslands);atipopa'a,atiu(FrenchPolynesia);togovao(Samoa)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,Mangaia,Ma'ukeAristolochialittoralisEnglish:Dutchman'spipe,calicoflower;Other:mokorā(CookIslands);fuepaipaholani(Tonga)MangaiaArundodonaxEnglish:giantreed,Spanishreed,wildcane;French:cannedeProvence,grandroseau;Other:ngasaunivavalangi(Fiji);fisopalagi,fisopapalagi(Samoa);kahofolalahi(Tonga)RarotongaAsparagusdensiflorusEnglish:asparagusfern,sprengerifern,smilax,regalfernRarotongaAxonopuscompressusEnglish:blanketgrass,carpetgrass;Other:kambutunivavalangi(Fiji)RarotongaAxonopusfissifoliusEnglish:carataograss,narrow-leavedcarpetgrassRarotongaAzadirachtaindicaEnglish:neem,nim,margosaRarotongaAzollafiliculoidesEnglish:mosquitofernRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'uke133ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:Bambusavulgaris.
English:bamboo;French:bambou;Other:iich(Chuuk);ko'epapa'ā(CookIslands);bitu(Fiji);'ohe(FrenchPolynesia,Hawai'i);'ofe(FrenchPolynesia,Samoa),pi'ao,pi'aopalaoan(GuamandNorthernMarianas-Chamorro);bwai(GuamandNorthernMarianas-Carolinian);bambu(Kosrae);tekaibaba(Kiribati);bae,koba(MarshallIslands);kahopalangi(Niue);pehriensapahn(Pohnpei);bambuu(Palau);'ofeFiti,'ofepapalagi(Samoa);kofe(Tonga,Tuvalu);pitu(Tonga);pampu(Tuvalu);moor(Yap)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroBauhiniapurpureaEnglish:purpleorchidtree;purplebutterflytree,pinkbutterflytree(Fiji);French:fleurspourpresRarotongaBauhiniavariegataEnglish:orchidtree;mountainebony,butterflytree(Fiji);French:boisdeboeuf,sabotboeuf,arbredeSaint-ThomasRarotongaBothriochloabladhiiEnglish:bluegrass,Australianbeardgrass,Caucasianbluestem;Other:desum(Palau);latokagrass,thambonigrass(Fiji)AitutakiBryophyllumdelagoenseEnglish:chandelierplantRarotongaCalliandrahaematocephalaEnglish:redpowderpuff;French:pomponRarotongaCalliandrasurinamensisEnglish:SurinamesestickpeaRarotongaCallisiafragransEnglish:fragrantinchplant,basketplant,spironemaAitutaki,'AtiuCalopogoniummucunoidesEnglish:calopo;Other:akankan-guakag(Guam)'Atiu,Ma'uke,Miti'aroCalotropisgiganteaEnglish:calotrope,crownflower,madar;French:mercurevégétal,mudar;Other:pua-kalaunu(Hawai'i);tahinu(FrenchPolynesia)RarotongaCardiospermumgrandiflorumEnglish:balloonvine;heartseed;Other:kopūpūtakaviri(CookIslands)RarotongaCardiospermumhalicacabumEnglish:balloonvine,heartpea,love-in-a-puff;Other:waniu,voniu(Fiji);vinivinio(FrenchPolynesia),poniu,haleakai'a,'inalua,pohuehueuka(Hawai'i)Miti'aroCarludovicapalmataEnglish:Panamahatplant;French:carludoviquepalmée;Spanish:chidra,palmadesombrero,palmajipijapa,toquilla;Other:Panamā(CookIslands)Rarotonga,'AtiuCecropiaobtusifoliaEnglish:trumpettree,guarumo;Other:rau-māniota(CookIslands)RarotongaCedrelaodorataEnglish:cigarboxcedar,Mexicancedar,WestIndiancedar,Spanishcedar,Barbadoscedar;French:cèdreacajou,cèdredesbarbares;Spanish:cedrocubano(GalapagosIs.
);Other:sitahina(Tonga)Rarotonga,'AtiuCeibapentandraEnglish:kapok,kapoktree,silk-cottontree,pacae;French:kapokier,capoc,boiscoton;Spanish:ceibo;Other:vavae(AmericanSamoa,Samoa,Niue,Tonga);koton(Chuuk);vavai(CookIslandsandFrenchPolynesia);vavaimama'u,vavaimaori(CookIslands);mama'u(CookIslands(Mangaia,Aitutaki));vauvaunivavalangi,semar(Fiji);algodondeManila,atgodondiManila,algidon,atgidondeManila(Guam);kuhtin,cutin(Kosrae);koatoa,atagodon,bulik,kotin(MarshallIslands);kalngebard,kalngebárd,kerrekarngebard(Palau);cottin,koatun,koatoa(Pohnpei);arughuschel(Saipan),battenigan'ken(Yap);vavaunilokoloko(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'uke,Miti'aroCestrumdiurnumEnglish:inkberry,dayjessamine,daycestrum,Chinaberry;Other:ariki-va'ine(CookIslands);thauthau(Fiji);tinta'n-China,tentanchinu,tintanChina(Guam,CNMI);makahala(Hawai'i);sugivao,sunivao(Samoa);vaitohi(Tonga)Rarotonga,MangaiaCestrumnocturnumEnglish:night-floweringcestrum,night-floweringjasmine,queen(orlady)ofthenight;Other:teineolepo,ali'iolepo(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tiareariki-va'ine,ariki-va'ine(CookIslands);thauthau,thauthaunimbongi,kara(Fiji);dama-de-noche(Guam);'alaaumoe,kupaoa,onaonaIapana(Hawai'i);jooulruawa(MarshallIslands);ikihepo(Niue);lakaupo'uli(Tonga)Rarotonga,MangaiaCinnamomumcamphoraEnglish:camphortree,camphorlaurel;French:camphre,camphrierRarotongaCinnamomumverumEnglish:cinnamontree;French:cannelierdeCeylan;Other:ochodrangebard(Palau).
tinamoni,tigamoni(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)Rarotonga,Miti'aroClerodendrumchinenseEnglish:Honolulurose,stickbush,glorybower;Other:losaHonolulu,losaOnolulu(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);pītatemāma'o,tiaretupapaku(CookIslands);pikakehohono,pikakewauke(Hawai'i)RarotongaClitoriaternateaEnglish:butterflypea,Asianpigeonwings;French:honte;Other:buikike,bukike,paokeke,bukikepaokeke,capadelareina,kapadelaraina(Guam);putitainubia(CNMI);pepe(Niue);latoela,nawa(Fiji),paipa(Tonga)Rarotonga134ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:CortaderiaselloanaEnglish:pampasgrass,silverpampasgrass,UruguayanpampasgrassRarotongaCostusspeciosusEnglish:crepeginger,crapeginger,wildginger,Malayginger,canereed;Other:isebsab(Palau)Rarotonga,'AtiuCrotalariamicansEnglish:crotalaria;Other:pinekotalelia,pile(Niue)Mangaia,Ma'ukeCuscutacampestrisEnglish:goldendodder,fielddodder,five-angleddodder;Other:tiaea(CookIslands(Mangaia));navereverelangi,wavereverelangi,walawala,wambosuthu,wandanga,watikaivu,ndithangi(Fiji)Rarotonga,MangaiaCyperusinvolucratusEnglish:umbrellasedge,umbrellaplant,dwarfpapyrusgrass;Other:'ahu'awahaole,pu'uka'ahaole(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,AitutakiDerrisellipticaEnglish:derris;Other:tuba,bagin(Guam);oop,op(Kosrae);dub(Palau);up(Chuuk,Pohnpei);peinuhp,uhp,upanai,upanyap,upkesetik(Pohnpei);yuub(Yap);nduva,duvanivavalagi,nduvanivavalangi(Fiji)RarotongaDerrismalaccensisEnglish:NewGuineacreeper;Other:'avaniukini(AmericanSamoa);'orapāpua,rakaupapua(CookIslands);nduva,tuva,nduvaniniukini(Fiji);horapapua(FrenchPolynesia);akauniukini(Niue);fuefa'i'ava(Samoa);kavafisi(Tonga)'Atiu,Ma'ukeDesmodiumtortuosumEnglish:Floridabeggarweed,Spanishclover,dixieticktrefoilMangaiaDigitariaviolascensEnglish:smoothcrabgrass,violetcrabgrass;Other:sau(Palau)RarotongaDissotisrotundifoliaEnglish:dissotis,Spanishshawl,pinkladyRarotonga,Ma'ukeDurantaerectaEnglish:duranta,goldendewdrop,pigeon-berry,sky-flower;Other:'olive(Tonga)RarotongaEgeriadensaEnglish:egeria,leafyelodea,densewaterweedRarotongaEichhorniacrassipesEnglish:waterhyacinth;French:jacinthed'eau;Other:ririvai(CookIslands(Mangaia));mbekambekairanga,ndambendambeninga,jalkhumbe,bekabekairaga,dabedabenega,jalkhumbe(Fiji);bungelralm(Palau)Rarotonga,MangaiaErigeronkarvinskianusEnglish:Mexicandaisy,seasidedaisy,daisyfleabaneRarotongaFalcatariamoluccanaEnglish:Moluccaalbizia;Other:tamaligipalagi(AmericanSamoa);'ārapitia(CookIslands);tuhkekerosene,tuhkehnkarisihn(Pohnpei);ukallrangebard(Palau);tamaligipaepae(Samoa)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeFicusbenjaminaEnglish:weepingfig,baka,Javafig,weepingfig;Other:'ovavafisi(Tonga)RarotongaFicuselasticaEnglish:Indiarubbertree,rubberplant;Other:rapa(CookIslands);komunokí(Palau);rapah(Pohnpei);gak'iynigoma(Yap)Rarotonga,'AtiuFicusmacrophyllaEnglish:MoretonBayfigRarotongaFlacourtiajangomasEnglish:Indian-plum,runeala-plum;French:prunierd'Inde;Spanish:ciruelaforasteraRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeFlacourtiarukamEnglish:Indianplum,Indianprune,governor'splum;French:pruniercafé,prunierdeChine,pruniermalgache;Other:filimoto(Fiji,Futuna,SamoaandAmericanSamoa,Tonga)RarotongaFlemingiamacrophyllaRarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeFlemingiastrobiliferaEnglish:luckplant,wildhops;French:sainfoindubengale;Other:besungelaiei(Palau)Rarotonga,'AtiuFurcraeafoetidaEnglish:Mauritiushemp,sisal,maguey,giantcabuya;French:aloèsvert,chanvredeMaurice;Other:piāni,rōpiāni(CookIslands);malina(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau));toua(Niue);faumalila,faumalila(Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,MangaiaGliricidiasepiumEnglish:motherofcacao,quickstick,Mexicanlilac;Spanish:madredecacaoRarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeGmelinaarboreaEnglish:gmelina,whiteteak,whitebeech;Spanish:melina;Other:yemane(Fiji,Philippines)Rarotonga,'AtiuGomphocarpusphysocarpusEnglish:balloonplant,bladderbushRarotongaGrevilleabanksiiEnglish:kahiliflower,Banksgrevillea;Other:ha'iku,kahili(Hawai'i);'okapua'ula'ula(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau))RarotongaGrevillearobustaEnglish:silkoak,silkyoak,heoak,silveroak,spiderflower;Other:'okakilika,ha'ikuke'oke'o(Hawai'i),oke'(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia135ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:HedychiumcoronariumEnglish:whiteginger,butterflylily,gingerlily,garlandflower;Other:teuilapaepae(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tunun,sinser(Chuuk);kōpīteatea,re'ateatea(CookIslands);ndrove,cevugavula,dalasika(Fiji);thevunga(Fiji,Tonga);'awapuhike'oke'o(Hawai'i);sinterpwetepwet(Pohnpei);tolon(Puluwat)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroHedychiumflavescensEnglish:yellowginger,creamginger;French:longoze;Other:teuila(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kōpīrengarenga,re'arengarenga(CookIslands);opuhirearea(FrenchPolynesia);'awapuhimelemele(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeHedychiumgardnerianumEnglish:kahiliginger;Other:kōpī(CookIslands);cevugadromodromo(Fiji);kahili,'awapuhikahili(Hawai'i);sinterweitahta(Pohnpei)Rarotonga,MangaiaHeliconiaspp.
English:heliconia,parrot's-flower,parrot's-plantain,crabclaw,lobsterclaw;Other:tiarepārata'ito(CookIslands)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukeHemigraphisalternataEnglish:metalleaf;redivy,cemeteryplant(Fiji);Other:suipi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeHippobromalongifloraEnglish:starofBethlehem,fetia,madamfate;Other:puahōkū(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,MangaiaHylocereusundatusEnglish:night-bloomingcereus,strawberrypear,redpitaya,dragonfruit,pitahaya;French:pitaya,pitahayarouge;Spanish:flordeCaliz;Other:paniniokapunahou,papipipua(Hawai'i)RarotongaHyptispectinataEnglish:combhyptis,combbushmint,mintweed,purpletop;French:faussementhe;Spanish:poleooiso(Galapagos);Other:miritītā(CookIslands('Atiu));tamoleniveikau,tamolinivavalangi,timothinivavalangi,wavuwavu,ndamoli,bentulsia(Fiji);mumutunlahe,mumutunpalaoan,mumutanademelon(Guam);vaomini(Samoa)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Miti'aroIndigoferasuffruticosaEnglish:indigo;Other:'initiko(CookIslands);aniles(Guam);'iniko,inikoa,kolu(Hawai'i);la'aumageso(Samoa);'akauveli(Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeIpomoeaaquaticaEnglish:aquaticmorningglory,swampcabbage,waterspinach,ung-choi,kangkong;French:liserond'eau,patateaquatique;Other:aseri,seeri,seri(Chuuk);rukautaviri(CookIslands);otakarisa,otakarisi,wakumala,ndrinikava,luvenetombithi(Fiji),akankong,cancon,kangkun,kangkung,kankan(Guam);tekangkong(Kiribati);lorenzo(Nauru),kangum,kangkum(Palau);'umalavai(Samoa);kangkong(Ulithi,Yap);kangking,kongkong(Yap)RarotongaJacarandamimosifoliaEnglish:jacarandaRarotongaJatrophacurcasEnglish:physicnut,purgingnut,Barbadosnut;French:médicinier,pignond'Inde,purghère;Other:tuituipakarangi,pakarani(CookIslands);fiki(CookIslands,Fiji,Tonga);wiriwiri,wiriwirinivavalangi,utonivavalangi,banidakai,mbanindakai,manggele,maqele,ndrala(Fiji);tuba-tuba(Guam);kuku'ihi(Hawai'i),kuikuiPake(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau),laupata(Samoa)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Ma'ukeJusticiacarneaEnglish:pinkplume-flower,pinkjacobiniaRarotongaLablabpurpureusEnglish:hyacinthbean,lablab,bonavist,Egyptiankidneybean,dolichos;French:dolique,doliqued'Egypte,poisnourrice;Other:ndralawa,natomba,tomba(Fiji);cheribillaapaka,chuchumeko(Guam--Chamorro);papapa,pi(Hawai'i);pinilaepuaka(Tonga)RarotongaLantanacamaraEnglish:lantana;Other:latana(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tātarāmoapapa'ā(CookIslands);tātarāmoa(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);kauboica,kaumboitha,mbonambulumakau,mbonarambulumakau,tokalau,waiwai,lanitana(Fiji);tarataramoa,taratarahamoa(FrenchPolynesia);latoramoa(FrenchPolynesia(Tahiti));lakana,la'aukalakala,lanakana(Ni'ihau),mikinoliahihiu,mikinoliahohono,mikinoliakuku(Hawai'i);rosfonacni(Kosrae);tekaibuaka,tekaibuaja(Kiribati);migiroa(Nauru),landana,rantana,rahndana,tukasuweth(Pohnpei);talatala,talatalatalmoa(Tonga)Rarotonga,'AtiuLeonurusjaponicusEnglish:lion'stail,Chinesemotherwort;Other:vavaitara(CookIslands(Miti'aro)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroLeptospermumscopariumEnglish:NewZealandtea;manuka(NewZealand)RarotongaLeucaenaleucocephalaEnglish:leucaena,wildtamarind,leadtree;French:grainesdelin,faux-acacia,fauxmimosa(NewCaledonia);Other:lopaSamoa,fuapepe(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);nītō,mara'inu(CookIslands);vaivai,vaivainivavalangi,vaivaidina,balori(Fiji);atiku(FrenchPolynesia(Marquesas));ipel-ipel(Galapagos);tangantangan,tangan-tangan,talantayan(Guam,CNMI,MarshallIslands);talntangan(CNMI);koahaole,lili-koa,ekoa(Hawai'i);tekaitetua(Kiribati);tuhngantuhngan,rohbohtin(Kosrae);tavahikaku(Niue);pepe(NiueandSamoa);telentund(Palau);lusina(Samoa);sialemohemohe(Tonga);cassis(Vanuatu);ganitnityuwantangantan(Yap);namas(fromEcoport,sourcenotgiven)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia136ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:LicualagrandisEnglish:ruffledfanpalm;French:palmier-cuillèreRarotongaLonicerajaponicaEnglish:Japanesehoneysuckle,Hall'shoneysuckle;Other:pitatepapa'ā(CookIslands);mangamangārima(CookIslands(Ma'uke));honekakala(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeMacfadyenaunguis-catiEnglish:cat's-clawclimberRarotongaMacroptiliumatropurpureumEnglish:siratro,purplebushbeanRarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'uke,Miti'aroMelicoccusbijugatusEnglish:SpanishlimeRarotonga,'AtiuMelinisrepensEnglish:Natalredtop,Natalgrass,redNatalgrass,Holme'sgrass,blanketgrass;French:herbeduNatal,herberose,herbepappangue;tricholène(NewCaledonia);Other:salapona(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeMerremiapeltataEnglish:merremia;Other:fuevae(AmericanSamoa),fuelautetele(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);fidau,fitau,fitaw,fitay(Chuuk);kūrima(CookIslands('Atiu));wambula,wabula,wadamu,wandamu,viliyawa,wiliviwa,veliyana,wiliao(Fiji);pohue(FrenchPolynesia);lagon,lagoun,lagun(Guam);pala,pul,para,puhlah(Kosrae);fue,fuevao,fuekula(Niue);kebeas(Palau);ceul,lohl,iol,yol,yool(Pohnpei);abui,grobihi,arosumou(SolomonIslands);fuemea(Tonga);wachathal(Yap)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Miti'aroMerremiatuberosaEnglish:woodrose,Spanisharborvine,yellowmorning-glory;French:liane-à-tonelle,liane-jaune;Other:alarrak(Saipan);pilikai(Hawai'i)RarotongaMikaniamicranthaEnglish:mile-a-minuteweed,Chinesecreeper,Americanrope,bittervine;French:lianeaméricaine,liane-serpent;Other:fuesaina(AmericanSamoa,SamoaandNiue);pōkutekute(CookIslands('Atiu));wambosuthu,wambosuvu,wambutako,wandamele,ovaova,wabosucu,usuvanua(Fiji);foulaina(Niue),teb'lyas(Palau);kwalokoburu,(fromEcoport,nosourcegiven)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'uke,Miti'aroMimosainvisaEnglish:giantsensitiveplant,nilagrass;French:grandesensitive,sensitivegèante;Other:pikika'apapa'ā(CookIslands(Aitutaki));vaofefepalagi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa),wangandrongandrolevu,wangandrongandroniwangalelevu,cogadrogadro(Fiji);mechiuaiuu(Palau);limemeihrlaud(Pohnpei);singbiguinsasa(Saipan);la'aufefetele,la'aufefepalagi(Samoa);AitutakiMurrayapaniculataEnglish:orangejessamine,satin-wood,Chinesebox,Hawaiianmockorange;Other:tiare'ānani(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia)Rarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaNymphaeaspp.
English:waterlily;Other:ririvai(CookIslands)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeOdontonematubaeformeEnglish:firespike,cardinalflower;Other:totoē(AmericanSamoaandSamoa)Rarotonga,MangaiaOperculinaventricosaEnglish:paperrose,St.
Thomaslidpod;Other:alalag(Guam);palulu(Samoa);fuehina(Tonga)RarotongaOpuntiaspp.
English:pricklypear;Other:lenguadevaca(Guam)Rarotonga,AitutakiPanicummaximumEnglish:Guineagrass,greenpanic,buffalograss;French:herbedeGuinéa,panicélevé,capimeguiné,fataque;Other:vaokini(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tinikarāti(CookIslands);talapi(CookIslands(Ma'uke);saafa(Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeParaseriantheslophanthaEnglish:brushwattle,plumealbizia,plumeacacia,stinkbeanRarotongaPaspalumdilatatumEnglish:paspalum,dallisgrass,watergrass;French:paspalumdilaté,herbesirop,herbedemiel,herbededallis,milletbtard;Other:hikunua(Niue)Rarotonga,Ma'uke,Miti'aroPaspalumorbiculareEnglish:ricegrass;creepingpaspalum,ditchmillet,Indianpaspalum,kodomillet,watercouch;Spanish:mijokoda;Other:mātā(CookIslands);codurulevu,thondurulevu,thondina,thonindina(Fiji);karasi(SolomonIslands)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukePaspalumpaniculatumEnglish:Russellrivergrass,galmarragrass;Other:matiemanutai(CookIslands);taravao'uru'uru(CookIslands(Mangaia))Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukePaspalumurvilleiEnglish:Vaseygrass;French:herbedeVasey,paspalumd'Urville;Other:tinikarāti(CookIslands(Mangaia))Rarotonga,MangaiaPassiflorafoetidaEnglish:love-in-a-mist,wildpassionfruit,passionflower,stinkingpassionflower;French:passiflore;Spanish:bedoca(GalapagosIs.
);Other:pasiovao(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);bombom(Chuuk),sou,lolilolinikalavo,qaranidila(Fiji);pohapoha(Hawai'i);laniwai(Hawai'i(Ni'ihau));teabiku(Kiribati);vinevao(Niue);kudamono(Palau);pompom,pwomwpwomw(Pohnpei);kinahulo'atdao,dulce(Saipan);vaine'initia(Tonga);tomates(Yap)RarotongaPassifloralaurifoliaEnglish:yellowgranadilla,belleapple,yellowwater-lemon;French:pomme-liane,pommed'or;Other:pasiovao(Samoa);vaine'aekuma(Tonga)Ma'uke137ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:PassifloraligularisEnglish:sweetgranadilla,yellowpassionfruit;French:granadille,grenadilledouce,barbadine;French:granadille,grenadilledouce,barbadine;Other:lemiwai,laniwai,lemona(Hawai'i)Ma'ukePassifloramaliformisEnglish:hard-shelledpassionfruit,sweetcalabash,sweetcup;French:pommecalabas;Other:pārapōutini'enua,pārapōutiniMaori(CookIslands);ka'ateneMaori,katingaMaori(CookIslands(Mangaia));pasio(Samoa),vainekai(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroPennisetumpurpureumEnglish:elephantgrass,napiergrass,merkergrass;French:herbeéléphant,faussecanneàsucre;Spanish:pastoelefante;Other:'erepani(CookIslands('Atiu));acfucsracsracsr(Kosrae);bokso(Palau);puk-soh(Pohnpei);vaobovi(Samoa)Rarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaPennisetumsetaceumEnglish:fountaingrassRarotongaPhyllostachysbissetiiEnglish:runningbambooMangaiaPhyllostachysnigraEnglish:blackbamboo;French:bambounoirRarotongaPimentaracemosaEnglish:baytree,bayrumtree,bayoiltree,malagueta;Other:sinamoni(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroPinuscaribaeaEnglish:Caribbeanpine,Bahamaspine;Other:painapapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia));paina(Samoa);paini(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukePistiastratiotesEnglish:waterlettuce,tropicalduckweed;French:laitued'eau,pistie;Other:lechuguitadeagua,repollodeagua,apon-apon,apoe-apoe,beo-cai,chawkRarotongaPlatyceriumbifurcatumEnglish:elkhornfern,staghornfernRarotongaPuerariaphaseoloidesEnglish:tropicalkudzu,puero;Other:kūkū(CookIslands('Aitu))Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Ma'ukePyrostegiavenustaEnglish:flamevine,flameflower,goldenshower,orangetrumpetvineRarotongaQuisqualisindicaEnglish:RangooncreeperRarotongaRicinuscommunisEnglish:castorbean,castor-oilplant;French:ricin;Spanish:higuerilla;Other:lamapalagi,lamapapalagi(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);tuituipapa'ā(CookIslands);mbelenivavalagi,totonivavalagi,utouto(Fiji);agaliya(Guam);koli,pa'aila,ka'apeha,kamakou,la'au,'aila(Hawai'i);tuitui,tuituifuaikiiki(Niue);gelug,maskerekur,uluchulaskoki(Palau);lepo,lepohina(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaSamaneasamanEnglish:monkeypod,raintree,saman;French:arbredepluie;Other:tronkonmames,trongkon-mames(CNMI-Chamorro);filinganga(CNMI-Carolinian);gumornispanis(Yap);'ohai,pu'ohai(Hawai'i);vaivainivavalangi,vaivainivavalagi(Fiji),malapa(Samoa);kasia(Tonga)Rarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroSanchezianobilisEnglish:sanchezia.
RarotongaSancheziaparvibracteataEnglish:sancheziaRarotonga,Aitutaki,'AtiuScheffleraactinophyllaEnglish:octopustree,umbrellatree,ivypalm;French:arbre-pieuvre,arbreombelleRarotongaScindapsusaureusEnglish:pothos,moneyplant;Other:'ara(CookIslands(Ma'uke));yalu,wayalu,walu,halu,waloa,matha,nanggalanggala,nanggalinggali,tonga,tanga(Fiji);alu(Fiji,Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeSennaalataEnglish:candlebush;candelabrabush,Romancandletree,emperor'scandlesticks,ringwormbush(Australia),alcapulco;French:episd'or,boisdartre,dartres;Other:fa'ilafa,la'aufailafa(AmericanSamoa,SamoaandTonga);arakak(Chuuk);mbainithangi(Fiji);akapuku,andadose,candalaria,take-biha(Guam);mulamula(Niue);kerulabesokel,yult(Palau);rakauhonuki,truke-n-kili-n-wai,tuhkehnkilinwai,tirakahonuki(Pohnpei);bakauplant(SolomonIslands);te'elango(Tonga);flay-n-sabouw(Yap)RarotongaSennasiameaEnglish:cassodtree,kassodtree,Siamesecassia,pheasantwood,Thailandshower;French:boisperdrix;Other:kasia(Tonga)'AtiuSennatoraEnglish:foetidcassia,stinkingcassia,Java-bean,sicklesenna,sicklepod,Chinesesenna,peanutweed,sicklesenna;French:cassiersauvage,poispuant,séné;Other:vaopinati(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);kaumoce,kaumothe,pini,tarota(Fiji);mumutunadmelon,mumutunpalaoan,amot-tumagacarabao(Guam),te'epulu,tengafefeka(Tonga)Ma'ukeSesbaniagrandifloraEnglish:sesbania,hummingbirdtree,sesban,scarletwisteriatree,corkwoodtree;French:agatiagrandesfleurs;Other:agati,agathi(Fiji);oufai,ofai,ouai(FrenchPolynesia);katurai(Guam);ohaike'oke'o(Hawai'i);sepania(Samoa)Rarotonga,Mangaia138ScientificNameCommonNamesPresenton:SetariapalmifoliaEnglish:palmgrass,shortpitpit,hailanspitpit,broadleavedbristlegrass;Other:vao'ofe'ofe(Samoa)SetariapumilaEnglish:foxtail,gardenbristlegrass,hairy-tailgrass,yellowbristlegrass,Queenslandpigeongrass(Australia),cat'stailgrass(Fiji);French:sétaireglauqueRarotonga,'Atiu,MangaiaSolandramaximaEnglish:goldencup,cupofgold,chalicevine;Spanish:copadeoroRarotonga,MangaiaSolanumcapsicoidesEnglish:cockroachberry,devil'sapple,sodaapple;Other:poro'ititaratara(CookIslands);kikaniakei,akaaka,akaka(Hawai'i)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Ma'ukeSolanummauritianumEnglish:bugweed,wildtobacco,treetobacco;Other:rau'ava'ava(CookIslands);puananahonua(Hawai'i);pula(Tonga)Rarotonga,AitutakiSporobolusindicusEnglish:smutgrass,wiregrass,Indiandropseed;Other:fisihina(Tonga)Rarotonga,AitutakiStenotaphrumsecundatumEnglish:buffalograss,St.
Augustinegrass;French:chiendentdeboeuf;Spanish:pastoSanAugustín;Other:'aki'akihaole,mānienie'aki'aki,mānienie'aki'akihaole,mānieniemāhikihiki(Hawai'i)RarotongaStylosanthesguianensisEnglish:stylo,Brazilianlucerne,tropicallucerne,Nigerianstylo;Other:maukupuakatoro(CookIslands('Atiu))'Atiu,Ma'ukeTabebuiaheterophyllaEnglish:pinktecoma,pinktrumpettree,whitecedar;Other:calicedupapeRarotongaTecomastansEnglish:yellowbells,yellow-elder,yellowtrumpetbush;Other:tekoma(CookIslands);piti(FrenchPolynesia,Tonga);peeal(Puluwat)Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'ukeTephrosiacandidaEnglish:whitetephrosia,whitehoary-pea;Frenchindigosauvage,indigoblancAitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroThevetiaperuvianaEnglish:yellowoleander,be-stilltree,luckynut;French:oléandrejaune;Other:koneta(Chuuk);venevene(CookIslands(Mangaia)),'enere(CookIslands(Ma'uke,Miti'aro));nohomalie(Hawai'i);irelepsech(Yap)Rarotonga,Mangaia,Miti'aroThunbergiaalataEnglish:black-eyedsusanvine;French:suzanneauxyeuxnoirsRarotongaThunbergiafragransEnglish:whitelady,whitethunbergia,sweetclock-vine;Other:fuehina(Tonga)Rarotonga,Mangaia,Miti'aroThunbergiagrandifloraEnglish:Bengaltrumpet,bluetrumpetvine,clockvine,skyvine,large-flowerdthunbergia;Other:bungel'letiu(Palau)RarotongaThunbergialaurifoliaEnglish:purpleallamanda,laurel-leavedthunbergia,laurelclockvineRarotongaTibouchinaurvilleanaEnglish:glorybush,lasiandra,princessflowerRarotongaToonaciliataEnglish:Australianredcedar,toon,surian,Indianmahogany;Other:woodpikake(Hawai'i);tuna(Samoa);,sitakula(Tonga)MangaiaTradescantiazebrinaEnglish:wanderingzebrina,wanderingjew,inchplant;Other:maukupapa'ā(CookIslands(Mangaia))Rarotonga,Mangaia,Ma'ukeTremaorientalisEnglish:charcoaltree,gunpowdertree;Other:agaunai,banahl,talamama(CNMI);elodechoel(Palau);uanin(Yap);ndrou,ndroundrou,ndrikanaithembe(Fiji);aere(FrenchPolynesia),mangele,manele,magele(Niue,Samoa,Tonga)MangaiaTriumfettarhomboideaEnglish:Chineseburr,paroquetburr,burrbush;Other:manutofu,mautofu,mautofuvao(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);vavaitaratītā(CookIslands);piripiri(CookIslands(Aitutaki));qatima(Fiji),urio(FrenchPolynesia);dadangsi,masiksiklahe(Guam);mosipo(Niue);mo'osipo(Tonga)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroTriumfettasemitrilobaEnglish:Sacramentobur;Other:dadangsi,masiksiklahe(Guam)Rarotonga,AitutakiUrenalobataEnglish:hibiscusburr,aramina,caesarweed,pinkChineseburr,urenaburr,burmallow;French:juteafricain,cousinurène;Other:mautofu(AmericanSamoaandSamoa);nognuk,ocher(Chuuk);qatima,gataya,nggatima(Fiji);vavaitaratītā(CookIslands(Ma'uke));piripiri(CookIslands,FrenchPolynesia);dadangsi,dadangsiapaka,dadangsimachingat,dádangse(Guam);motipo,mosipo(Niue);chosuchedekui,osuchedarechui(Palau);karap,korop(Pohnpei);mo'osipoTonga(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu,Mangaia,Ma'uke,Miti'aroUrochloamuticaEnglish:Californiagrass,paragrass,buffalograss,Mauritiusgrass,signalgrass;French:herbedePara;Other:maukupuakatoro(CookIslands);puakatau(Tonga)(Swarbrick,1997)Rarotonga,Aitutaki,Miti'aroUrochloasubquadriparaEnglish:brachiaria,greensummergrass,tropicalsignalgrass,corigrassMa'uke,Miti'aroWedeliatrilobataEnglish:wedelia,trailingdaisy,Singaporedaisy,creepingox-eye;Other:ngesilrangebard(Palau);dihpwongohng,tuhkeongohng(Pohnpei);rosrangrang(Kosrae);utmkadkad,uttelia(MarshallIslands);atiat(Puluwat);ate(Tonga)Rarotonga,'Atiu139Appendix18.
ScientificnamesynonymsThistablelistscommonlyusedscientificnamesynonymsofthelistedinvasivespecies.
Namessometimeschangebecausebetterinformationisavailableonthetaxonomyofaspeciesorprecedenceisgiventoanearlierauthor.
SynonymListedasFamilyAcaciaadansoniiAcacianiloticaFabaceaeAcaciaadstringensAcacianiloticaFabaceaeAcaciaarabicaAcacianiloticaFabaceaeAcacialebbeckAlbizialebbeckFabaceaeAdenantherafalcatariaFalcatariamoluccanaFabaceaeAdenoropiumgossypiifoliumJatrophagossypiifoliaEuphorbiaceaeAgavecubensisFurcraeahexapetalaAgavaceaeAgavegiganteaFurcraeafoetidaAgavaceaeAgaverigidaAgavesisilanaAgavaceaeAgrostisindicaSporobolusindicusPoaceaeAlbiziadistachyaParaseriantheslophanthaFabaceaeAlbiziafalcatariaFalcatariamoluccanaFabaceaeAlbizialophanthaParaseriantheslophanthaFabaceaeAlbiziasamanSamaneasamanFabaceaeAlbiziastipulataAlbiziachinensisFabaceaeAleuritestrilobaAleuritesmoluccanaEuphorbiaceaeAllamandahendersoniiAllamandacatharticaApocynaceaeAndropogonbladhiiBothriochloabladhiiPoaceaeAndropogoncondensatusSchizachyriumcondensatumPoaceaeAndropogonhalepensisSorghumhalepensePoaceaeAndropogonintermediusBothriochloabladhiiPoaceaeAndropogonmarcrourusAndropogonglomeratusPoaceaeAndropogonrufusHyparrheniarufaPoaceaeAntelaeaazadirachtaAzadirachtaindicaMeliaceaeAraujiahortorumAraujiasericiferaAsclepiadaceaeArdisiahumilisArdisiaellipticaMyrsinaceaeArdisiasolanaceaArdisiaellipticaMyrsinaceaeArdisiasquamulosaArdisiaellipticaMyrsinaceaeArgyreiaspeciosaArgyreianervosaConvolvulaceaeAristolochiaelegansAristolochialittoralisAristolochiaceaeArumseguineDieffenbachiaseguineAraceaeAsclepiasphysocarpaGomphocarpusphysocarpusAsclepiasproceraCalotropisproceraAsclepiadaceaeAsparagopsisdensifloraAsparagusdensiflorusLiliaceaeAsparagusplumosusAsparagussetaceusLiliaceaeAsparagussprengeriAsparagusdensiflorusLiliaceaeAxonopusaffinisAxonopusfissifoliusPoaceaeAxonopuspoiretiiSporobolusindicusPoaceaeBambusanigraPhyllostachysnigraPoaceaeBignoniastansTecomastansBignoniaceaeBignoniavenustaPyrostegiavenustaBignoniaceaeBlochmanniaweigeltianaTriplarisweigeltianaPolygonaceaeBoerhaviadiffusaBoerhaviacoccineaNyctaginaceaeBothriochloacaucasicaBothriochloabladhiiPoaceae140SynonymListedasFamilyBoussingaultiabaselloidesAnrederacordifoliaBasellaceaeBoussingaultiacordifoliaAnrederacordifoliaBrachiariamuticaUrochloamuticaPoaceaeBrachiariapurpurascensUrochloamuticaPoaceaeBrachiariasubquadriparaUrochloasubquadriparaPoaceaeBrassaiaactinophyllaScheffleraactinophyllaAraliaceaeBryoniagrandisCocciniagrandisCucurbitaceaeBryophyllumverticillatumBryophyllumdelagoenseCrassulaceaeBuddleiaasiaticaBuddlejaasiaticaLoganiaceaeBuddleiadavidiiBuddlejadavidiiLoganiaceaeBuddleiamadagascariensesBuddlejamadagascariensesLoganiaceaeCaesalpiniasepiariaCaesalpiniadecapetalaFabaceaeCallaaethiopicaZantedeschiaaethiopicaAraceaeCaryophyllusracemosusPimentaracemosaMyrtaceaeCascabelathevetiaThevetiaperuvianaApocynaceaeCassiaaeschinomeneChamaecristanictitansFabaceaeCassiaalataSennaalataFabaceaeCassialaevigataSennaseptemtrionalisFabaceaeCassialechenaultianaChamaecristanictitansFabaceaeCassialeschenaultianaChamaecristanictitansFabaceaeCassianictitansChamaecristanictitansFabaceaeCassiaobtusifoliaSennaobtusifoliaFabaceaeCassiaseptemtrionalisSennaseptemtrionalisFabaceaeCassiasiameaSennasiameaFabaceaeCassiatoraSennatoraFabaceaeCastilloaelasticaCastillaelasticaMoraceaeCasuarinalitoreaCasuarinaequisetifoliaCasuarinaceaeCasuarinalittoreaCasuarinaequisetifoliaCasuarinaceaeCecropiapalmataCecropiapalmataCecropiaceaeCedrelaaustralisToonaciliataMeliaceaeCedrelatoonaToonaciliataMeliaceaeCenchrusbrevisetusCenchrusechinatusPoaceaeCenchruspungensCenchrusechinatusPoaceaeCenchrusquinquevalvisCenchrusechinatusPoaceaeCenchrussetosusPennisetumpolystachionPoaceaeCenchrusviridisCenchrusechinatusPoaceaeCentrosemamolleCentrosemapubescensFabaceaeChalcaspaniculataMurrayapaniculataRutaceaeChlorisinflataChlorisbarbataPoaceaeChlorisparaguayensisChlorisbarbataPoaceaeChlorocyperusrotundusCyperusrotundusCyperaceaeCinchonasuccirubraCinchonapubescensRubiaceaeCinnamomumzeylanicumCinnamomumverumLauraceaeCitharexylumquadrangulareCitharexylumspinosumVerbenaceaeClerodendrumfragransClerodendrumchinenseVerbenaceaeClerodendrumphilippinumClerodendrumchinenseVerbenaceaeClerodendrumspeciosissimumClerodendrumbuchananiiVerbenaceaeClidemiamarginataOssaeamarginataMelastomataceaeCocciniacordifoliaCocciniagrandisCucurbitaceaeColeusamboinicusPlectranthusamboinicusLamiaceaeConvolvuluscorymbosusTurbinacorymbosaConvolvulaceaeCordiacollococcaCordiaglabraBoraginaceae141SynonymListedasFamilyCordiamacrostachyaCordiacurassavicaBoraginaceaeCordiataguahyensisCordiaglabraBoraginaceaeCostussericeusCostusspeciosusZingiberaceaeCraccacandidaTephrosiacandidaFabaceaaeCrotalariaanagyroidesCrotalariamicansFabaceaeCrotalariamacrophyllaFlemingiamacrophyllaFabaceaeCrotonmoluccanusAleuritesmoluccanaEuphorbiaceaeCyperusalternifoliusCyperusinvolucratusCyperaceaeCyperusaromaticusKyllingapolyphyllaCyperaceaeCyperusbrevifoliusKyllingabrevifoliaCyperaceaeCyperusflabelliformisCyperusinvolucratusCyperaceaeCyperuskyllingiaKyllinganemoralisCyperaceaeCyperuspurpuro-variegatusCyperusrotundusPoaceaeCyperusstoloniferumpallidusCyperusrotundusPoaceaeCyperustetrastachyosCyperusrotundusPoaceaeCyperustuberosusCyperusrotundusPoaceaeDaubentoniapuniceaSesbaniapuniceaFabaceaeDesmanthusvirgatusDesmanthuspernambucanusFabaceaeDesmodiumpurpureumDesmodiumtortuosumFabaceaeDichanthiumbladhiiBothriochloabladhiiPoaceaeDichrostachysglomerataDichrostachyscinereaFabaceaeDichrostachysnatansDichrostachyscinereaFabaceaeDieffenbachiamaculataDieffenbachiaseguineAraceaeDieffenbachiapictaDieffenbachiaseguineAraceaeDipteracanthusprostrataRuelliaprostrataAcanthaceaeDolichoslablabLablabpurpureusFabaceaeDolichoslobatusPuerariamontanavar.
lobataFabaceaeDolichosphaseoloidesPuerariaphaseoloidesFabaceaeDolichospruriensMucunapruriensFabaceaeDolilchospurpureusLablabpurpureusFabaceaeDoxanthaunguis-catiMacfadyenaunguis-catiBignoniaceaeDurantarepensDurantaerectaVerbenaceaeEhrhartastipoidesMicrolaenastipoidesPoaceaeElaeocarpusgrandisElaeocarpusangustifoliusElaeocarpaceaeElaeocarpusparkinsoniiElaeocarpusangustifoliusElaeocarpaceaeElephantopusscaberElephantopusmollisAsteraceaeEpipremnumaureumcv.
aureumScindapsusaureusAraceaeEugeniacuminiSyzygiumcuminiMyrtaceaeEugeniajambosSyzygiumjambosMyrtaceaeEupatoriuminulaefoliumAustroeupatoriuminulaefoliumAsteraceaeEupatoriumodoratumChromolaenaodorataAsteraceaeEupatoriumripariumAgeratinaripariaAsteraceaeFicusthonningiiFicusmicrocarpaMoraceaeFurcraeacubensisFurcraeahexapetalaFurcraeagiganteaFurcraeafoetidaAgavaceaeGliricidiamaculataGliricidiasepiumFabaceaeGlycinejavanicaNeonotoniawightiiFabaceaeGlycinewightiiNeonotoniawightiiFabaceaeGrewiasubinaequalisGrewiaasiaticaTiliaceaeHemigraphiscolorataHemigraphisalternataAcanthaceaeHeptapleurumarboricolaScheffleraarboricolaAraliaceaeHibiscusabelmoschusAbelmoschusmoschatusMalvaceae142SynonymListedasFamilyHiptagemadablotaHiptagebenghalensisMalpighiaceaeImperataarundinaceaImperatacylindricaPoaceaeIpomoeaburmanniiTurbinacorymbosaConvolvulaceaeIpomoeapeltataMerremiapeltataConvolvulaceaeIpomoeatuberosaMerremiatuberosaConvolvulaceaeIschaemumdigitatumvar.
polystachyumIschaemumpolystachyumPoaceaeIsotomalongifloraHippobromalongifloraCampanulaceaeJacobiniacarneaJusticiacarneaAcantaceaeJasminumazoricumJasminumfluminenseOleaceaeJussiaeagrandifloraLudwigiaperuvianaOnagraceaeJussiaeaperuvianaLudwigiaperuvianaOnagraceaeKalanchoedelagoenseBryophyllumdelagoenseCrassulaceaeKalanchopinnataBryophyllumpinnatumCrassulaceaeKalanchoetubifloraBryophyllumdelagoenseCrassulaceaeKunzeascopariumLeptospermumscopariumMyrtaceaeKyllingaaromaticaKyllingapolyphyllaCyperaceaeKyllingacephalotesKyllinganemoralisCyperaceaeKyllingamonocephalaKyllinganemoralisCyperaceaeLaurentialongifloraHippobromalongifloraCampanulaceaeLeonurussibiricusLeonurusjaponicusLamiaceaeLeptospermumericoidesKunzeaericoidesMyrtaceaeLeucaenaglaucaLeucaenaleucocephalaFabaceaeLeucorhaphislamiumBrillantaisialamiumAcanthaceaeMeibomianicaraguensisDesmodiumnicaraguenseFabaceaeMeibomiarensoniiDesmodiumnicaraguenseFabaceaeMelastomadecemfidumMelastomasanguineumMelastomataceaeMelastomamarginataOssaeamarginataMelastomataceaeMeliaazadirachtaAzadirachtaindicaMeliaceaeMelicoccusbijugaMelicoccusbijugatusSapindaceaeMelochiacompactaMelochiaumbellataSterculiaceaeMelochiaindicaMelochiaumbellataSterculiaceaeMemecyloncaeruleumMemecylonfloribundumMelastomataceaeMerremianymphaeifoliaMerremiapeltataConvolvulaceaeMetrosiderosglomuliferaSyncarpiaglomuliferaMyrtaceaeMiconiamagnificaMiconiacalvescensMelostomataceaeMimosacinereaDichrostachyscinereaFabaceaeMimosadiplotrichaMimosainvisaFabaceaeMimosadulcisPithecellobiumdulceFabaceaeMimosalebbeckAlbizialebbeckFabaceaeMoghaniamacrophyllaFlemingiamacrophyllaFabaceaeMoghaniastrobiliferaFlemingiastrobiliferaFabaceaeMurrayaexoticaMurrayapaniculataRutaceaeMyricafayaMorellafayaMyricaceaeMyrtusdioicaPimentadioicaMyrtaceaeMyrtuspimentaPimentadioicaMyrtaceaeNotoniawightiiNeonotoniawightiiFabaceaeOchnakirkiiOchnathomasianaOchnaceaeOchromalagopusOchromapyramidaleBombacaceaeOdontonemacallistachyumOdontonematubaeformeAcanthaceaeOdontonemastrictumOdontonematubaeformeAcanthaceaeOperculinapeltataMerremiapeltataConvolvulaceaeOperculinaturpethumOperculinaventricosaConvolvulaceae143SynonymListedasFamilyOplismenuspolystachyusEchinochloapolystachyaPoaceaeOrthosiphonstamineusOrthosiphonaristatusLamiaceaePaederiascandensPaederiafoetidaRubiaceaePanicumbarbinodeUrochloamuticaPoaceaePanicumguadeloupenseUrochloamuticaPoaceaePanicummelinisMelinisminutifloraPoaceaePanicumminutifloraMelinisminutifloraPoaceaePanicummuticumUrochloamuticaPoaceaePanicumpalmaefoliumSetariapalmifoliaPoaceaePanicumpurpurascensUrochloamuticaPoaceaePanicumsubquadriparumUrochloasubquadriparaPoaceaeParaserianthesfalcatariaFalcatariamoluccanaFabaceaePaspalumcartilagineumPaspalumorbicularePoaceaePaspalumscrobiculatumPaspalumorbicularePoaceaePassifloramollissimaPassifloratarminianaPassifloriaceaePennisetumcenchroidesCenchrusciliarisPoaceaePennisetumciliareCenchrusciliarisPoaceaePennisetumpolystachyonPennisetumpolystachionPoaceaePennisetumruppeliiPennisetumsetaceumPoaceaePennisetumsetosumPennisetumpolystachionPoaceaePhaseolusatropurpureusMacroptiliumatropurpureumFabaceaePhlomisnepetaefoliaLeonotisnepetaefoliaLamiaceaePhysianthusalbensAraujiasericiferaAsclepiadaceaePimentaofficinalisPimentadioicaMyrtaceaePiscidiapuniceaSesbaniapuniceaFabaceaePithecellobiumsamanSamaneasamanFabaceaePongamiaellipticaDerrisellipticaFabaceaePothosaureusScindapsusaureusAraceaePraxelisclematideaEupatoriumcatariumAsteraceaeProasparagusplumosusAsparagussetaceusLiliaceaePseudechinolaenapolystachyaEchinochloapolystachyaPoaceaePsidiumaracáPsidiumguineenseMyrtaceaePsidiumlittoralePsidiumcattleianumMyrtaceaePsidiummollePsidiumguineenseMyrtaceaePsidiumschiedeanumPsidiumguineenseMyrtaceaePuerarialobataPuerariamontanavar.
lobataFabaceaePuerariathunbergianaPuerariamontanavar.
lobataFabaceaePuerariatrilobaPuerariamontanavar.
lobataFabaceaeRaphidophoraaureaScindapsusaureusAraceaeRhamnuszeyheriBerchemiazeyheriRhamnaceaeRhaphidophoraaureaScindapsusaureusAraceaeRhoeodiscolorTradescantiaspathaceaCommelinaceaeRhoeospathaceaTradescantiaspathaceaCommelinaceaeRhynchelytrumrepensMelinisrepensPoaceaeRiveacorymbosaTurbinacorymbosaConvolvulaceaeRivinalaevisRivinahumilisPhytolaccaceaeRuelliaalternataHemigraphisalternataAcanthaceaeRuelliagraecizansBackerRuelliabrevifoliaAcanthaceaeSalviniaauriculataSalviniamolestaSalviniaceaeSancheziaspeciosaSanchezianobilisAcanthaceaeSeneciomikanioidesDelaireaodorataAsteraceaeSetariapallide-fuscaSetariapumilaPoaceae144SynonymListedasFamilySolandrahartwigiiSolandramaximaSolanaceaeSolandranitidaSolandramaximaSolanaceaeSolanumauriculatumSolanummauritianumSolanaceaeSolanumhoustoniiSolanumtampicenseSolanaceaeSolanumverbascifoliumSolanummauritianumSolanaceaeSphaeropteriscooperiCyatheacooperiCyatheaceaeSphagneticolatrilobataWedeliatrilobataAsteraceaeSporobolusdianderSporobolusindicusPoaceaeSporoboluspoiretiiSporobolusindicusPoaceaeStachytarphetaurticaefoliaStachytarphetacayennensisVerbenaceaeStachytarphetaurticifoliaStachytarphetacayennensisVerbenaceaeStenolobiumbrachycarpumCalopogoniummucunoidesFabaceaeStenolobiumstansTecomastansBignoniaceaeStephanophysumlongifoliumRuelliabrevifoliaAcanthaceaeStizolobiumaterrimumMucunapruriensFabaceaeStizolobiumdeeringianumMucunapruriensFabaceaeStizolobiumniveumMucunapruriensFabaceaeStizolobiumpruriensMucunapruriensFabaceaeStylosantheserectaStylosanthesguianensisFabaceaeStylosanthesgracilisStylosanthesguianensisFabaceaeStylosanthesguineensisStylosanthesguianensisFabaceaeSyncarpialaurifoliaSyncarpiaglomuliferaMyrtaceaeSyzygiumfloribundumWaterhousiafloribundaMyrtraceaeTabebuiapallidaTabebuiaheterophyllaBignoniaceaeTabebuiapentaphyllaTabebuiaheterophyllaBignoniaceaeTerminaliaerectaConocarpuserectusCombretaceaeThelechitoniatrilobataWedeliatrilobataAsteraceaeThevetianerifoliaThevetiaperuvianaApocynaceaeThunbergiaharrisiiThunbergialaurifoliaAcanthaceaeToonaaustralisToonaciliataMeliaceaeTrachypogonrufusHyparrheniarufaPoaceaeTradescantiadiscolorTradescantiaspathaceaCommelinaceaeTremacannabinaTremaorientalisUlmaceaeTrichachneinsularisDigitariainsularisPoaceaeTricholaenarepensMelinisrepensPoaceaeTricholaenaroseaMelinisrepensPoaceaeTrifoliumguianenseStylosanthesguianensisFabaceaeTriplarissurinamensisTriplarisweigeltianaPolygonaceaeTriumfettabartramiaTriumfettarhomboideaTiliaceaeUrenasinuataUrenalobataMalvaceaeWedeliagossweileriBlainvilleagayanaAsteraceaeZebrinapendulaTradescantiazebrinaCommelinaceae145Appendix19.
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