packetswww.bbb67.com
www.bbb67.com 时间:2021-03-18 阅读:()
Oct20081www.
lirneasia.
netFigure2Figure1Annualprice2Mbps,2kmLeasedlineconnection02,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,00016,00018,000AfghanistanBangladeshPakistanIndiaBhutanSriLankaMaldivesIndonesiaPhilippinesUSDAnnualprice256kbpsBusinessBroadbandconnection05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,500AfghanistanNepalBangladeshPakistanIndiaSriLankaMaldivesIndonesiaPhilippinesUSDOct20082Table1-BroadbandPricesinEmergingAsiainUSD1Country2Annualcost,2Mbps,2kmDPLC(tailcost)Annualcost,2Mbps,100kmDPLC3Annualcost,2MbpsBroadbandbusinessconnection4(unlimiteddownload)Annualcost,256kbpsBroadbandbusinessconnection4(unlimiteddownload)Annualcost,256kbpsBroadbandresidentialconnection4(unlimiteddownload)PriceperGB,for2Mbps,5-10GBdatalimit(Business)PriceperGB,for256kbps,5-10GBdatalimit(Business)PriceperGB,for256kbps,1-4GBdatalimit(Residential)PriceperGB,1Mbpsspeed,1GBdatalimitmobileinternetSouthAsiaAfghanistan12,0005-611,70074,20084,2008----Nepal-9-101,567112381223812----Bangladesh14,34413-6-4441426715--16--Pakistan38171,92418761191872018720-2.
70212.
14222.
2423India330243,423253,4912613927145283.
0529-5.
0830-31Bhutan986327,39233---4.
21344.
33354.
033617.
5437SriLanka3,249386,35039557402514125141--9.
10429.
1043Maldives15,8654441,422443,789451,709463794722.
94810.
29499.
5050-SouthEastAsiaIndonesia2,958518,33052-765537655321541755175526.
1656Philippines39457-6495582565925660-61--62-63www.
lirneasia.
netOct20083BroadbandQualityofServiceExperience(QoSE)Indicators64Priceisnottheonlydimensionthatisofinteresttocustomersandregulators.
QualityofServiceExperience(QoSE)isintegrallyconnectedtoprice:anincreaseinqualityisaninvisibledecreaseinpriceandviceversa.
Broadbandqualitycanbeevaluatedthroughspeedtests.
Testsitesprovideavarietyofinformationaboutthespeedofalink.
Carefuldesignandimplementationoftestscanshedlightontheexactsegmentwhereinadequatecapacityconstrainsspeed.
CarefullyimplementedtestscanalsobethebasisforServiceLevelAgreements(SLAs)betweenoperatorsandusersandforregulatoryaction.
Inthepresenttests,themethodologyhasbeendevelopedincollaborationwithateamheadedbyProfessorTimothyGonsalvesofIITMadras.
ThefollowingdimensionsofqualityhavebeenmeasuredfortwonetworkseachinIndia(Chennai)andSriLanka(Colombo).
Dependingonthefeedbackthatisreceived,thetestmethodologywillbeimprovedandextendedtoalargernumberoflocations,theobjectivebeingthedevelopmentofBroadbandQOSEindicatorsforSouthAsia.
Throughput(kbps)Referredtoasthe"actualamountofusefuldatasentonatransmission"65.
DefinedbytheITUas"anamountofuserinformationtransferredinaperiodoftime"(ITU-TX.
641(97),6.
3.
3.
16),morecommonlyreferredtoasdownloadoruploadspeeds.
Akeyadvertisedmetricsinbroadbandservicesisthedownloadspeed.
Itdefineshowmuchinformationausercanreceivedfromalocalorinternationalserver.
Uploadspeeddefinesthespeedinwhichtheusercansendinformationtolocalorinternationalservers.
Itplaysasignificantroleinresponsivenessandreal-timeapplicationslikeVOIP(VoiceOverInternetProtocol).
Throughput,ordownloadanduploadspeeds,variesdependingonthelocationoftheserverthatholdsthecontent.
Ifthelocationislocal,suchasanISPserver,thethroughputmaybehigherthanitwouldbeifthelocationisinternational.
Thereforethetestinghasincludedthroughputforbothlocal(ISP)andinternational(yahoo.
com)servers.
Latency(ms)"Latencyreferstodelayswhenvoicepacketstransversethenetwork"66.
ItismeasuredinmillisecondsbyusingtheRoundTripTime(RTT).
Thisissignificantinsystemsthatrequiretwo-wayinteractivecommunication,suchasvoicetelephony,orACK/NAK[acknowledge/notacknowledge]datasystemswheretheround-triptimedirectlyaffectsthethroughputrate,suchwww.
lirneasia.
netOct20084astheTransmissionControlProtocol(TCP).
TheITUdefinitionstatesthat"LatencymeanstransmissiondelayforFEC(ForwardingEquivalenceClass)encoding,decoding,interleavingandde-interleaving"(ITU-TG.
972(04),3025).
Jitter(ms)"Jitterisunevenlatencyandpacketloss"67.
Itisthevariationofend-to-enddelayfromonepackettothenextwithinthesamepacketstream/connection/flow.
Jitterismorerelevantforreal-timetrafficlikeVOIP.
Ideallythefigureshouldbelow.
E.
g.
Radioqualityvoicerequireslessthan1msJitter,toll-qualityvoicerequireslessthan20msjitter,normalVoIPrequiresjittertobelessthan30ms.
Beyond30ms,VoIPperformancewilldegrade.
68AlsodefinedbyITUas"Short-termnon-cumulativevariationsofthesignificantinstantsofadigitalsignalfromtheiridealpositionsintime"(ITU-TG.
701(93),2024).
PacketLoss(%)Numberofpackets(asapercentage)thatdoesnotreachthedestination.
Degradationcanresultinnoticeableperformancelosswithstreamingtechnologies,VOIPandvideoconferencing.
ITUstatesthat"Ingeneral,IP-basednetworksdonotguaranteedeliveryofpackets.
Packetswillbedroppedunderpeakloadsandduringperiodsofcongestion.
NOTE–Incaseofmultimediaservices,whenalatepacketfinallyarrives,itwillbeconsideredlost"(ITU-TH.
360(04),5.
3.
2.
2).
www.
lirneasia.
netOct20085ResultsofQoSEtesting69FixedBroadband-DownloadSpeed70Figure3Figure4www.
lirneasia.
netDownloadfromownISPDomain040080012001600200080011001500180020002300TimeDownloadSpeed(kbps)LK(SLT2M/512k)LK(Dialog2M/512k)BD(Sirius256k/256k)BD(SKYbd256k/256k)IN(BSNL256k/256k)IN(Airtel256k/256k)Downloadfromyahoo.
com040080012001600200080011001500180020002300TimeDownloadSpeed(kbps)LK(SLT2M/512k)LK(Dialog2M/512k)BD(Sirius256k/256k)BD(SKYbd256k/256k)IN(BSNL256k/256k)IN(Airtel256k/256k)Oct20086Figure5Figure6DownloadfromownISPDomainDeliveryVS.
Stated0%20%40%60%80%100%120%140%160%80011001500180020002300TimeActualSpeedas%ofSpecifiedLK(SLT2M/512k)LK(Dialog2M/512k)BD(Sirius256k/256k)BD(SKYbd256k/256k)IN(BSNL256k/256k)IN(Airtel256k/256k)DownloadfromYahoo.
comDeliveryVS.
Stated0%20%40%60%80%100%120%80011001500180020002300TimeActualSpeedas%ofSpecifiedLK(SLT2M/512k)LK(Dialog2M/512k)BD(Sirius256k/256k)BD(SKYbd256k/256k)IN(BSNL256k/256k)IN(Airtel256k/256k)www.
lirneasia.
netMaximumpromisedspeedMaximumpromisedspeedOct20087FixedBroadband-Jitter71andPacketLoss72Figure773Figure873LowerthebetterJitterwhenpingedtoYahoo.
com02040608010080011001500180020002300TimeJitter(ms)LK(SLT2M/512k)LK(Dialog2M/512k)BD(SKYbd256k/256k)IN(BSNL256k/256k)IN(Airtel256k/256k)PacketLosswhenpingedtoYahoo.
com0%20%40%60%80%100%80011001500180020002300TimePacketLoss(%)LK(SLT2M/512k)LK(Dialog2M/512k)BD(SKYbd256k/256k)IN(BSNL256k/256k)IN(Airtel256k/256k)www.
lirneasia.
net10%Oct20088FixedBroadband-Latency74Figure973LowerthebetterRTTwhenpingedtoyahoo.
com010020030040050060080011001500180020302230TimeRTT(ms)LK(SLT2M/512k)LK(Dialog2M/512k)BD(SKYbd256k/256k)IN(BSNL256k/256k)IN(Airtel256k/256k)www.
lirneasia.
net300msOct20089MobileBroadband–DownloadSpeedFigure1075Figure11DownloadfromownISPDomain040080012001600200080011001500180020002300TimeDownloadSpeed(kbps)LK(Dialog3.
6M/384k)LK(Mobitel1M/384k)Downloadfromyahoo.
com040080012001600200080011001500180020002300TimeDownloadSpeed(kbps)LK(Dialog3.
6M/384k)LK(Mobitel1M/384k)www.
lirneasia.
netOct200810Figure12Figure13DownloadfromownISPDomainDeliveryVS.
Stated0%20%40%60%80%100%80011001500180020002300TimeActualSpeedas%ofSpecifiedLK(Dialog3.
6M/384k)LK(Mobitel1M/384k)DownloadfromYahoo.
comDeliveryVS.
Stated0%20%40%60%80%100%80011001500180020002300TimeActualSpeedas%ofSpecifiedLK(Dialog3.
6M/384k)LK(Mobitel1M/384k)www.
lirneasia.
netMaximumpromisedspeedMaximumpromisedspeedOct200811MobileBroadband-Jitter71andPacketLoss72Figure14Figure15LowerthebetterJitterwhenpingedtoYahoo.
com02040608010080011001500180020002300TimeJitter(ms)LK(Dialog3.
6M/384k)LK(Mobitel1M/384k)PacketLosswhenpingedtoYahoo.
com0%20%40%60%80%100%80011001500180020002300TimePacketLoss(%)LK(Dialog3.
6M/384k)LK(Mobitel1M/384k)www.
lirneasia.
net10%Oct200812MobileBroadband-Latency74Figure16LowerthebetterRTTfromYahoo.
com010020030040050060080011001500180020002300TimeRTT(ms)LK(Dialog3.
6M/384k)LK(Mobitel1M/384k)www.
lirneasia.
net300msOct2008131PricesquotedinlocalcurrencieshavebeenconvertedtoUSDonthe23/10/08usingexchangeratesquotedfromhttp://www.
domainit.
com/currencyresults.
html2CountriesarerankedaccordingtotheGDPpercapitaobtainedfromtheWorldEconomicOutlookdatabase,Oct2007.
3Costoftwotailcharges+96kmlinkcharge4Intheeventthisspecificpackagewasnotfoundtheclosestavailablepackage(atthenext/fastestbandwidthornextdownload/uploadlimit)isreported.
5RatesobtainedfromAfghanistanTelecomRegulatoryAgencyinOctoberof2007quoted.
Morerecentdatanotavailableattimeofpublication.
6"-"indicatesthatinformationwasnotavailableattimeofresearchorpackagetocloselyfitthecategorycouldnotbefound.
7TS2,http://www.
ts2.
pl/en/NSS-68TS2,http://www.
ts2.
pl/en/NSS-69NoOfferingatthisspeedisavailable.
NepalTelecomoffers'Localpointtopointhighspeeddataleasedservice'atalowerspeedof64kbps.
A10kmlinkisUSD514.
Seehttp://www.
ntc.
net.
np/tariff/pstn_leased_charge.
php10NoOfferingatthisspeedisavailable.
HoweverNepalTelecomoffers'Nationalpointtopointhighspeeddataleasedservice'atthelowerspeedof64kbps.
A100kmlinkispricedatUSD1,296.
86.
Seehttp://www.
ntc.
net.
np/tariff/pstn_leased_charge.
php12NepalTelecom,ADSLofferings,http://www.
ntc.
net.
np/adsl/adsl_tariffPlans.
php212NepalTelecom,ADSLofferings,thereisnodistinctionbetweenbusinessandresidentialpackages,http://www.
ntc.
net.
np/adsl/adsl_tariffPlans.
php13BangladeshTelecomCompanyLimited,5kmlocallink,http://www.
btcl.
net.
bd/tarif_2008.
pdf#broadband14SiriusBroadband,PremiumPackage,96-256Kbps.
InformationreceivedfromSiriusBroadbandcustomerservice.
15SiriusBroadband,Xpresspackage,http://www.
siriusbroadband.
com/rate.
php16Packagesarebasedontimeofuse(off-peak,peak)17PakistanTelecomCompanyLimited,0-200Kmratex2,http://www.
ptcl.
com.
pk/contentb.
phpNID=4318PakistanTelecomCompanyLimited,0-200kmratex100,http://www.
ptcl.
com.
pk/contentb.
phpNID=4319PakistanTelecomCompanyLimited,DSL2MBunlimited,http://www.
ptcl.
com.
pk/contentp.
phpNID=4720PakistanTelecomCompanyLimited,DSL512KbpsUnlimited,Thereisnodistinctionbetweenbusinessandresidentialpackages,http://www.
ptcl.
com.
pk/contentp.
phpNID=4721MicronetBroadband,DSLconnect9,9GB,http://www.
dsl.
net.
pk/VolumePackages.
php22MicronetBroadband,7GB,DSL@Home-7,http://www.
dsl.
net.
pk/HomePackage.
php23Mobilink,Infinitypackage,5GB,http://www.
mobilinkinfinity.
com/tariff/24BSNL,5km,http://www.
bsnl.
co.
in/service/leased_tariff1.
htm25BSNL,100kmrate,http://www.
bsnl.
co.
in/service/leased_tariff.
htm#high26MTNL,TriBandBroadband,UnlimitedPlan-4,http://mumbai.
mtnl.
net.
in/triband/htm/tariff.
htm27MTNL,TriBUnlimited,ULdata–256,http://mtnldelhi.
in/broadband/triband_tariff.
htm28BSNL,HomeUL750package,http://www.
bsnl.
co.
in/service/dataone_tariff.
htm29BSNL,Business1200,256kbps-2MB,8GBdatalimit,http://www.
bsnl.
co.
in/service/dataone_tariff.
htm#business130BSNL,Home250,1GBPlan,http://www.
bsnl.
co.
in/service/dataone_tariff.
htm#business1Oct20081431NoOfferingatthisspeedisavailable,However,TATAIndicom,MillenniumEditionPlans(ME),150kbps,1GBDataLimit,ispricedatUSD11.
35,http://www.
tataindicom.
com/t-personal-internet-internetmobile.
aspxhttp://www.
tataindicom.
com/t-personal-internet-internetmobile.
aspx32BhutanTelecomLtd,10km,http://www.
druknet.
bt/btelecom/index.
phpoption=com_content&task=view&id=35&Itemid=6233BhutanTelecomLtd,100km,http://www.
druknet.
bt/btelecom/index.
phpoption=com_content&task=view&id=35&Itemid=6234BhutanTelecom,Enterprise2Mbps,15GB,http://www.
druknet.
bt/btelecom/index.
phpoption=com_content&task=view&id=64&Itemid=11235BhutanTelecom,Office–256,7GB,http://www.
druknet.
bt/btelecom/index.
phpoption=com_content&task=view&id=64&Itemid=112http://www.
druknet.
bt/btelecom/index.
phpoption=com_content&task=view&id=64&Itemid=11236BhutanTelecomLtd,HomePackage,256kbps,http://www.
druknet.
bt/btelecom/index.
phpoption=com_content&task=view&id=64&Itemid=11237B-Mobile,Supreme,1.
2GB,1Mbps,Callfromcustomerservice38SriLankaTelecomRatesfora0-33kmlink.
PriceasquotedinFeb200839SriLankaTelecomRatesfora33-99kmlink.
PriceasquotedinFeb200840Dialog,OfficeNetPackage,2Mbps/512kbps,http://www.
dialog.
lk/en/broadband/products/officenet.
html41SLT,ADSLHomeExpressPackage,512/128kbps,http://www.
slt.
lk/data/forbusiness/115adsl.
htm42SLT,Broadbandentréepackage,512/128kps,http://www.
slt.
lk/data/forbusiness/115adsl.
htmlhttp://www.
websurfer.
com.
np/cable_internet_service.
php43Mobitel,Zoom1024,1.
5GB,http://www.
mobitellanka.
com/broadband/tariff.
html44Dhiraagu,http://www.
dhiraagu.
com.
mv/tariffs/dhivehinet.
php#dedicatedaccess45ROL,BizBroadband2M,http://www.
rol.
net.
mv/small-medium-biz/Biz-Broadband-2M.
html46Dhiraagu,Bizunlimited,512/128kbps,http://www.
dhiraagu.
com.
mv/beta/business/small_medium/b_internet/biz_unlimited.
php47ROL,Broadband256kValue,http://www.
rol.
net.
mv/home-user/ROL-Broadband-256k-Value.
html48Dhiraagu,BizPremier4M,4MB/512kbps,10GBdatalimit,http://www.
dhiraagu.
com.
mv/beta/business/small_medium/b_internet/biz_premier.
php49Dhiraagu,BizStarterPackage,512/128kbps,5GB,RF0.
25/MB,http://www.
dhiraagu.
com.
mv/beta/business/small_medium/b_internet/biz_starter.
php50Dhiraagu,HomeStarter,Upto512kbps,1GBdatalimit,RF0.
25/MB,http://www.
dhiraagu.
com.
mv/beta/internet/starter.
php51Telkom,5km,SiaranPersNo.
32/DJPT.
1/KOMINFO/4/200852Telkom,100km,SiaranPersNo.
32/DJPT.
1/KOMINFO/4/200853ABLTECH,Sohopackage,http://abltech.
com/price.
html54Indosat,http://www.
indosatm2.
com/popup.
php/promo/Bizz55PTIndosat,3.
6Mbps,5GB,http://www.
indosatm2.
com/popup.
php/promo/Bizz56PTIndosat,'You!
',3.
6Mbps,1.
2GB,http://www.
indosatm2.
com/popup.
php/promo/prime57PLDT,http://www.
pldt.
com.
ph/prod-serv/business/diginet.
htm,informationfromAug2007.
58PLDT,SmallBizMicro,http://www.
pldt.
com.
ph/prod-serv/business/bizdsl.
htm59GlobeTelecom,Traderlite,384Kbps,http://www.
sme.
globe.
com.
ph/GlobeCSME/View/Content.
aspxeFtIJH3VkGkZ1MHH9FHehQ%3d%3d60GlobeTelecom,wirelessaccess,384Kbps,http://www.
globelines.
com.
ph/DataServices_HomeUse.
phpOct20081561NoOfferingavailable.
Availablepackagesarebasedon(limitedby)hoursofuseandnotdownloadablecapacity.
62NoOfferingtomatchthispackageisavailable.
HoweverGlobeTelecom,256Kbps,30hoursofusageispricedatUSD12.
20.
Seehttp://www.
globelines.
com.
ph/DataServices_BusinessUse.
php63NoOfferingtomatchthispackageisavailable.
HoweverGlobeTelecom,Plan799,1.
8Mbps,40freehoursofusageispricedatUSD16.
38,http://www.
globelines.
com.
ph/DataServices_BusinessUse.
php64http://www.
lirneasia.
net/projects/current-projects/2241/.
65Dodd,A.
(2005),"TheEssentialGuidetoTelecommunication"FourthEdition,PearsonEducation,p.
1466Dodd,A.
(2005),"TheEssentialGuidetoTelecommunication"FourthEdition,PearsonEducation,p.
6067Dodd,A.
(2005),"TheEssentialGuidetoTelecommunication"FourthEdition,PearsonEducation,p.
6068ConnectionMagazine,http://www.
connectionsmagazine.
com/articles/5/049.
html,CISCOPressArticle69Theconnectionsweretestedon:SLTtestedon:21Oct,2008&22Oct,2008Dialogtestedon:21Oct,2008&22Oct,2008BSNLtestedon:22Oct,2008&24Oct,2008Airteltestedon:05Nov,2008&07Nov,2008Siriustestedon:18Sep,2008SKYbdtestedon:24Sep,2008Mobitel(HSPA):29Oct,2008&30Oct,2008Dialog(HSPA):22Oct,200870ThespeedatwhichthesubscribercanreceivetrafficfromtheISPserverandacommonlyusedInternationalServer(egyahoo.
com).
Itplaysasignificantroleinresponsivenessandreal-timeapplicationslikeVOIP.
71Jitteristhevariationofend-to-enddelayfromonepackettothenextwithinthesamepacketstream/connection/flow.
Jitterexperiencedinpackets,morerelevantinReal-timetrafficlikeVOIP.
Ideallyitshouldbezero.
72Numberofpackets(in%)thatdoesnotreachthedestination.
ThiscanresultinhighlynoticeableperformanceissueswithStreamingTechnologies,VOIPandVideoconferencing.
73InformationnotavailableforSiriusBroadbandpackage74Timetakenfortraffictoreachaparticulardestination.
75MaximumdownloadspeedforDialogisnotedas3.
6Mbpsasthisisthemaximumcapacityofthemodemprovidedbytheoperator.
lirneasia.
netFigure2Figure1Annualprice2Mbps,2kmLeasedlineconnection02,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,00016,00018,000AfghanistanBangladeshPakistanIndiaBhutanSriLankaMaldivesIndonesiaPhilippinesUSDAnnualprice256kbpsBusinessBroadbandconnection05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,500AfghanistanNepalBangladeshPakistanIndiaSriLankaMaldivesIndonesiaPhilippinesUSDOct20082Table1-BroadbandPricesinEmergingAsiainUSD1Country2Annualcost,2Mbps,2kmDPLC(tailcost)Annualcost,2Mbps,100kmDPLC3Annualcost,2MbpsBroadbandbusinessconnection4(unlimiteddownload)Annualcost,256kbpsBroadbandbusinessconnection4(unlimiteddownload)Annualcost,256kbpsBroadbandresidentialconnection4(unlimiteddownload)PriceperGB,for2Mbps,5-10GBdatalimit(Business)PriceperGB,for256kbps,5-10GBdatalimit(Business)PriceperGB,for256kbps,1-4GBdatalimit(Residential)PriceperGB,1Mbpsspeed,1GBdatalimitmobileinternetSouthAsiaAfghanistan12,0005-611,70074,20084,2008----Nepal-9-101,567112381223812----Bangladesh14,34413-6-4441426715--16--Pakistan38171,92418761191872018720-2.
70212.
14222.
2423India330243,423253,4912613927145283.
0529-5.
0830-31Bhutan986327,39233---4.
21344.
33354.
033617.
5437SriLanka3,249386,35039557402514125141--9.
10429.
1043Maldives15,8654441,422443,789451,709463794722.
94810.
29499.
5050-SouthEastAsiaIndonesia2,958518,33052-765537655321541755175526.
1656Philippines39457-6495582565925660-61--62-63www.
lirneasia.
netOct20083BroadbandQualityofServiceExperience(QoSE)Indicators64Priceisnottheonlydimensionthatisofinteresttocustomersandregulators.
QualityofServiceExperience(QoSE)isintegrallyconnectedtoprice:anincreaseinqualityisaninvisibledecreaseinpriceandviceversa.
Broadbandqualitycanbeevaluatedthroughspeedtests.
Testsitesprovideavarietyofinformationaboutthespeedofalink.
Carefuldesignandimplementationoftestscanshedlightontheexactsegmentwhereinadequatecapacityconstrainsspeed.
CarefullyimplementedtestscanalsobethebasisforServiceLevelAgreements(SLAs)betweenoperatorsandusersandforregulatoryaction.
Inthepresenttests,themethodologyhasbeendevelopedincollaborationwithateamheadedbyProfessorTimothyGonsalvesofIITMadras.
ThefollowingdimensionsofqualityhavebeenmeasuredfortwonetworkseachinIndia(Chennai)andSriLanka(Colombo).
Dependingonthefeedbackthatisreceived,thetestmethodologywillbeimprovedandextendedtoalargernumberoflocations,theobjectivebeingthedevelopmentofBroadbandQOSEindicatorsforSouthAsia.
Throughput(kbps)Referredtoasthe"actualamountofusefuldatasentonatransmission"65.
DefinedbytheITUas"anamountofuserinformationtransferredinaperiodoftime"(ITU-TX.
641(97),6.
3.
3.
16),morecommonlyreferredtoasdownloadoruploadspeeds.
Akeyadvertisedmetricsinbroadbandservicesisthedownloadspeed.
Itdefineshowmuchinformationausercanreceivedfromalocalorinternationalserver.
Uploadspeeddefinesthespeedinwhichtheusercansendinformationtolocalorinternationalservers.
Itplaysasignificantroleinresponsivenessandreal-timeapplicationslikeVOIP(VoiceOverInternetProtocol).
Throughput,ordownloadanduploadspeeds,variesdependingonthelocationoftheserverthatholdsthecontent.
Ifthelocationislocal,suchasanISPserver,thethroughputmaybehigherthanitwouldbeifthelocationisinternational.
Thereforethetestinghasincludedthroughputforbothlocal(ISP)andinternational(yahoo.
com)servers.
Latency(ms)"Latencyreferstodelayswhenvoicepacketstransversethenetwork"66.
ItismeasuredinmillisecondsbyusingtheRoundTripTime(RTT).
Thisissignificantinsystemsthatrequiretwo-wayinteractivecommunication,suchasvoicetelephony,orACK/NAK[acknowledge/notacknowledge]datasystemswheretheround-triptimedirectlyaffectsthethroughputrate,suchwww.
lirneasia.
netOct20084astheTransmissionControlProtocol(TCP).
TheITUdefinitionstatesthat"LatencymeanstransmissiondelayforFEC(ForwardingEquivalenceClass)encoding,decoding,interleavingandde-interleaving"(ITU-TG.
972(04),3025).
Jitter(ms)"Jitterisunevenlatencyandpacketloss"67.
Itisthevariationofend-to-enddelayfromonepackettothenextwithinthesamepacketstream/connection/flow.
Jitterismorerelevantforreal-timetrafficlikeVOIP.
Ideallythefigureshouldbelow.
E.
g.
Radioqualityvoicerequireslessthan1msJitter,toll-qualityvoicerequireslessthan20msjitter,normalVoIPrequiresjittertobelessthan30ms.
Beyond30ms,VoIPperformancewilldegrade.
68AlsodefinedbyITUas"Short-termnon-cumulativevariationsofthesignificantinstantsofadigitalsignalfromtheiridealpositionsintime"(ITU-TG.
701(93),2024).
PacketLoss(%)Numberofpackets(asapercentage)thatdoesnotreachthedestination.
Degradationcanresultinnoticeableperformancelosswithstreamingtechnologies,VOIPandvideoconferencing.
ITUstatesthat"Ingeneral,IP-basednetworksdonotguaranteedeliveryofpackets.
Packetswillbedroppedunderpeakloadsandduringperiodsofcongestion.
NOTE–Incaseofmultimediaservices,whenalatepacketfinallyarrives,itwillbeconsideredlost"(ITU-TH.
360(04),5.
3.
2.
2).
www.
lirneasia.
netOct20085ResultsofQoSEtesting69FixedBroadband-DownloadSpeed70Figure3Figure4www.
lirneasia.
netDownloadfromownISPDomain040080012001600200080011001500180020002300TimeDownloadSpeed(kbps)LK(SLT2M/512k)LK(Dialog2M/512k)BD(Sirius256k/256k)BD(SKYbd256k/256k)IN(BSNL256k/256k)IN(Airtel256k/256k)Downloadfromyahoo.
com040080012001600200080011001500180020002300TimeDownloadSpeed(kbps)LK(SLT2M/512k)LK(Dialog2M/512k)BD(Sirius256k/256k)BD(SKYbd256k/256k)IN(BSNL256k/256k)IN(Airtel256k/256k)Oct20086Figure5Figure6DownloadfromownISPDomainDeliveryVS.
Stated0%20%40%60%80%100%120%140%160%80011001500180020002300TimeActualSpeedas%ofSpecifiedLK(SLT2M/512k)LK(Dialog2M/512k)BD(Sirius256k/256k)BD(SKYbd256k/256k)IN(BSNL256k/256k)IN(Airtel256k/256k)DownloadfromYahoo.
comDeliveryVS.
Stated0%20%40%60%80%100%120%80011001500180020002300TimeActualSpeedas%ofSpecifiedLK(SLT2M/512k)LK(Dialog2M/512k)BD(Sirius256k/256k)BD(SKYbd256k/256k)IN(BSNL256k/256k)IN(Airtel256k/256k)www.
lirneasia.
netMaximumpromisedspeedMaximumpromisedspeedOct20087FixedBroadband-Jitter71andPacketLoss72Figure773Figure873LowerthebetterJitterwhenpingedtoYahoo.
com02040608010080011001500180020002300TimeJitter(ms)LK(SLT2M/512k)LK(Dialog2M/512k)BD(SKYbd256k/256k)IN(BSNL256k/256k)IN(Airtel256k/256k)PacketLosswhenpingedtoYahoo.
com0%20%40%60%80%100%80011001500180020002300TimePacketLoss(%)LK(SLT2M/512k)LK(Dialog2M/512k)BD(SKYbd256k/256k)IN(BSNL256k/256k)IN(Airtel256k/256k)www.
lirneasia.
net10%Oct20088FixedBroadband-Latency74Figure973LowerthebetterRTTwhenpingedtoyahoo.
com010020030040050060080011001500180020302230TimeRTT(ms)LK(SLT2M/512k)LK(Dialog2M/512k)BD(SKYbd256k/256k)IN(BSNL256k/256k)IN(Airtel256k/256k)www.
lirneasia.
net300msOct20089MobileBroadband–DownloadSpeedFigure1075Figure11DownloadfromownISPDomain040080012001600200080011001500180020002300TimeDownloadSpeed(kbps)LK(Dialog3.
6M/384k)LK(Mobitel1M/384k)Downloadfromyahoo.
com040080012001600200080011001500180020002300TimeDownloadSpeed(kbps)LK(Dialog3.
6M/384k)LK(Mobitel1M/384k)www.
lirneasia.
netOct200810Figure12Figure13DownloadfromownISPDomainDeliveryVS.
Stated0%20%40%60%80%100%80011001500180020002300TimeActualSpeedas%ofSpecifiedLK(Dialog3.
6M/384k)LK(Mobitel1M/384k)DownloadfromYahoo.
comDeliveryVS.
Stated0%20%40%60%80%100%80011001500180020002300TimeActualSpeedas%ofSpecifiedLK(Dialog3.
6M/384k)LK(Mobitel1M/384k)www.
lirneasia.
netMaximumpromisedspeedMaximumpromisedspeedOct200811MobileBroadband-Jitter71andPacketLoss72Figure14Figure15LowerthebetterJitterwhenpingedtoYahoo.
com02040608010080011001500180020002300TimeJitter(ms)LK(Dialog3.
6M/384k)LK(Mobitel1M/384k)PacketLosswhenpingedtoYahoo.
com0%20%40%60%80%100%80011001500180020002300TimePacketLoss(%)LK(Dialog3.
6M/384k)LK(Mobitel1M/384k)www.
lirneasia.
net10%Oct200812MobileBroadband-Latency74Figure16LowerthebetterRTTfromYahoo.
com010020030040050060080011001500180020002300TimeRTT(ms)LK(Dialog3.
6M/384k)LK(Mobitel1M/384k)www.
lirneasia.
net300msOct2008131PricesquotedinlocalcurrencieshavebeenconvertedtoUSDonthe23/10/08usingexchangeratesquotedfromhttp://www.
domainit.
com/currencyresults.
html2CountriesarerankedaccordingtotheGDPpercapitaobtainedfromtheWorldEconomicOutlookdatabase,Oct2007.
3Costoftwotailcharges+96kmlinkcharge4Intheeventthisspecificpackagewasnotfoundtheclosestavailablepackage(atthenext/fastestbandwidthornextdownload/uploadlimit)isreported.
5RatesobtainedfromAfghanistanTelecomRegulatoryAgencyinOctoberof2007quoted.
Morerecentdatanotavailableattimeofpublication.
6"-"indicatesthatinformationwasnotavailableattimeofresearchorpackagetocloselyfitthecategorycouldnotbefound.
7TS2,http://www.
ts2.
pl/en/NSS-68TS2,http://www.
ts2.
pl/en/NSS-69NoOfferingatthisspeedisavailable.
NepalTelecomoffers'Localpointtopointhighspeeddataleasedservice'atalowerspeedof64kbps.
A10kmlinkisUSD514.
Seehttp://www.
ntc.
net.
np/tariff/pstn_leased_charge.
php10NoOfferingatthisspeedisavailable.
HoweverNepalTelecomoffers'Nationalpointtopointhighspeeddataleasedservice'atthelowerspeedof64kbps.
A100kmlinkispricedatUSD1,296.
86.
Seehttp://www.
ntc.
net.
np/tariff/pstn_leased_charge.
php12NepalTelecom,ADSLofferings,http://www.
ntc.
net.
np/adsl/adsl_tariffPlans.
php212NepalTelecom,ADSLofferings,thereisnodistinctionbetweenbusinessandresidentialpackages,http://www.
ntc.
net.
np/adsl/adsl_tariffPlans.
php13BangladeshTelecomCompanyLimited,5kmlocallink,http://www.
btcl.
net.
bd/tarif_2008.
pdf#broadband14SiriusBroadband,PremiumPackage,96-256Kbps.
InformationreceivedfromSiriusBroadbandcustomerservice.
15SiriusBroadband,Xpresspackage,http://www.
siriusbroadband.
com/rate.
php16Packagesarebasedontimeofuse(off-peak,peak)17PakistanTelecomCompanyLimited,0-200Kmratex2,http://www.
ptcl.
com.
pk/contentb.
phpNID=4318PakistanTelecomCompanyLimited,0-200kmratex100,http://www.
ptcl.
com.
pk/contentb.
phpNID=4319PakistanTelecomCompanyLimited,DSL2MBunlimited,http://www.
ptcl.
com.
pk/contentp.
phpNID=4720PakistanTelecomCompanyLimited,DSL512KbpsUnlimited,Thereisnodistinctionbetweenbusinessandresidentialpackages,http://www.
ptcl.
com.
pk/contentp.
phpNID=4721MicronetBroadband,DSLconnect9,9GB,http://www.
dsl.
net.
pk/VolumePackages.
php22MicronetBroadband,7GB,DSL@Home-7,http://www.
dsl.
net.
pk/HomePackage.
php23Mobilink,Infinitypackage,5GB,http://www.
mobilinkinfinity.
com/tariff/24BSNL,5km,http://www.
bsnl.
co.
in/service/leased_tariff1.
htm25BSNL,100kmrate,http://www.
bsnl.
co.
in/service/leased_tariff.
htm#high26MTNL,TriBandBroadband,UnlimitedPlan-4,http://mumbai.
mtnl.
net.
in/triband/htm/tariff.
htm27MTNL,TriBUnlimited,ULdata–256,http://mtnldelhi.
in/broadband/triband_tariff.
htm28BSNL,HomeUL750package,http://www.
bsnl.
co.
in/service/dataone_tariff.
htm29BSNL,Business1200,256kbps-2MB,8GBdatalimit,http://www.
bsnl.
co.
in/service/dataone_tariff.
htm#business130BSNL,Home250,1GBPlan,http://www.
bsnl.
co.
in/service/dataone_tariff.
htm#business1Oct20081431NoOfferingatthisspeedisavailable,However,TATAIndicom,MillenniumEditionPlans(ME),150kbps,1GBDataLimit,ispricedatUSD11.
35,http://www.
tataindicom.
com/t-personal-internet-internetmobile.
aspxhttp://www.
tataindicom.
com/t-personal-internet-internetmobile.
aspx32BhutanTelecomLtd,10km,http://www.
druknet.
bt/btelecom/index.
phpoption=com_content&task=view&id=35&Itemid=6233BhutanTelecomLtd,100km,http://www.
druknet.
bt/btelecom/index.
phpoption=com_content&task=view&id=35&Itemid=6234BhutanTelecom,Enterprise2Mbps,15GB,http://www.
druknet.
bt/btelecom/index.
phpoption=com_content&task=view&id=64&Itemid=11235BhutanTelecom,Office–256,7GB,http://www.
druknet.
bt/btelecom/index.
phpoption=com_content&task=view&id=64&Itemid=112http://www.
druknet.
bt/btelecom/index.
phpoption=com_content&task=view&id=64&Itemid=11236BhutanTelecomLtd,HomePackage,256kbps,http://www.
druknet.
bt/btelecom/index.
phpoption=com_content&task=view&id=64&Itemid=11237B-Mobile,Supreme,1.
2GB,1Mbps,Callfromcustomerservice38SriLankaTelecomRatesfora0-33kmlink.
PriceasquotedinFeb200839SriLankaTelecomRatesfora33-99kmlink.
PriceasquotedinFeb200840Dialog,OfficeNetPackage,2Mbps/512kbps,http://www.
dialog.
lk/en/broadband/products/officenet.
html41SLT,ADSLHomeExpressPackage,512/128kbps,http://www.
slt.
lk/data/forbusiness/115adsl.
htm42SLT,Broadbandentréepackage,512/128kps,http://www.
slt.
lk/data/forbusiness/115adsl.
htmlhttp://www.
websurfer.
com.
np/cable_internet_service.
php43Mobitel,Zoom1024,1.
5GB,http://www.
mobitellanka.
com/broadband/tariff.
html44Dhiraagu,http://www.
dhiraagu.
com.
mv/tariffs/dhivehinet.
php#dedicatedaccess45ROL,BizBroadband2M,http://www.
rol.
net.
mv/small-medium-biz/Biz-Broadband-2M.
html46Dhiraagu,Bizunlimited,512/128kbps,http://www.
dhiraagu.
com.
mv/beta/business/small_medium/b_internet/biz_unlimited.
php47ROL,Broadband256kValue,http://www.
rol.
net.
mv/home-user/ROL-Broadband-256k-Value.
html48Dhiraagu,BizPremier4M,4MB/512kbps,10GBdatalimit,http://www.
dhiraagu.
com.
mv/beta/business/small_medium/b_internet/biz_premier.
php49Dhiraagu,BizStarterPackage,512/128kbps,5GB,RF0.
25/MB,http://www.
dhiraagu.
com.
mv/beta/business/small_medium/b_internet/biz_starter.
php50Dhiraagu,HomeStarter,Upto512kbps,1GBdatalimit,RF0.
25/MB,http://www.
dhiraagu.
com.
mv/beta/internet/starter.
php51Telkom,5km,SiaranPersNo.
32/DJPT.
1/KOMINFO/4/200852Telkom,100km,SiaranPersNo.
32/DJPT.
1/KOMINFO/4/200853ABLTECH,Sohopackage,http://abltech.
com/price.
html54Indosat,http://www.
indosatm2.
com/popup.
php/promo/Bizz55PTIndosat,3.
6Mbps,5GB,http://www.
indosatm2.
com/popup.
php/promo/Bizz56PTIndosat,'You!
',3.
6Mbps,1.
2GB,http://www.
indosatm2.
com/popup.
php/promo/prime57PLDT,http://www.
pldt.
com.
ph/prod-serv/business/diginet.
htm,informationfromAug2007.
58PLDT,SmallBizMicro,http://www.
pldt.
com.
ph/prod-serv/business/bizdsl.
htm59GlobeTelecom,Traderlite,384Kbps,http://www.
sme.
globe.
com.
ph/GlobeCSME/View/Content.
aspxeFtIJH3VkGkZ1MHH9FHehQ%3d%3d60GlobeTelecom,wirelessaccess,384Kbps,http://www.
globelines.
com.
ph/DataServices_HomeUse.
phpOct20081561NoOfferingavailable.
Availablepackagesarebasedon(limitedby)hoursofuseandnotdownloadablecapacity.
62NoOfferingtomatchthispackageisavailable.
HoweverGlobeTelecom,256Kbps,30hoursofusageispricedatUSD12.
20.
Seehttp://www.
globelines.
com.
ph/DataServices_BusinessUse.
php63NoOfferingtomatchthispackageisavailable.
HoweverGlobeTelecom,Plan799,1.
8Mbps,40freehoursofusageispricedatUSD16.
38,http://www.
globelines.
com.
ph/DataServices_BusinessUse.
php64http://www.
lirneasia.
net/projects/current-projects/2241/.
65Dodd,A.
(2005),"TheEssentialGuidetoTelecommunication"FourthEdition,PearsonEducation,p.
1466Dodd,A.
(2005),"TheEssentialGuidetoTelecommunication"FourthEdition,PearsonEducation,p.
6067Dodd,A.
(2005),"TheEssentialGuidetoTelecommunication"FourthEdition,PearsonEducation,p.
6068ConnectionMagazine,http://www.
connectionsmagazine.
com/articles/5/049.
html,CISCOPressArticle69Theconnectionsweretestedon:SLTtestedon:21Oct,2008&22Oct,2008Dialogtestedon:21Oct,2008&22Oct,2008BSNLtestedon:22Oct,2008&24Oct,2008Airteltestedon:05Nov,2008&07Nov,2008Siriustestedon:18Sep,2008SKYbdtestedon:24Sep,2008Mobitel(HSPA):29Oct,2008&30Oct,2008Dialog(HSPA):22Oct,200870ThespeedatwhichthesubscribercanreceivetrafficfromtheISPserverandacommonlyusedInternationalServer(egyahoo.
com).
Itplaysasignificantroleinresponsivenessandreal-timeapplicationslikeVOIP.
71Jitteristhevariationofend-to-enddelayfromonepackettothenextwithinthesamepacketstream/connection/flow.
Jitterexperiencedinpackets,morerelevantinReal-timetrafficlikeVOIP.
Ideallyitshouldbezero.
72Numberofpackets(in%)thatdoesnotreachthedestination.
ThiscanresultinhighlynoticeableperformanceissueswithStreamingTechnologies,VOIPandVideoconferencing.
73InformationnotavailableforSiriusBroadbandpackage74Timetakenfortraffictoreachaparticulardestination.
75MaximumdownloadspeedforDialogisnotedas3.
6Mbpsasthisisthemaximumcapacityofthemodemprovidedbytheoperator.
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