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IndexAabsolutecalibration,9,181ff,189,191,192ACCESSproject,185,192adaptiveoptics,80,207aerosolscattering,26,27,101,127,135,139,207Arago,Jean-FrancoisDominique,39,199–201astrophotometersLeidenObservatory,8,42ff,66Schiltplatemeasurement,8,41AstrophysicalResearchConsortium(ARC),62auroralemissions,50BBabott,FrederickM.
,51,53,63,66,139Bessell,MichaelS.
,18,114,127Binnendijk,Leendert,97,102Blazhkoeffect,42Blitzstein,William,49,84ffBond,GeorgeP.
,6,39,40Bond,WilliamC.
,107Bouguer,Pierre,39,83Bouguermethod,18,24,25,58,127brightnesssamplingrate,34Buckmaster,HarveyM.
,51CCCDsabsoluteastronomy,74aperturephotometry,77astronomicalpassbands,74damagefromradiation,69detectors,114differenceimaginganalysis,78differentialphotometry,75,76rstobservations,71FWHMofstarimages,80gainchanges,75imageprocessing,74imageprocessingtechniques,77invention,69noiseproperties,73OTCCD(OrthogonalTransferCCD),9,80OTCCD(photometricprecision),80passbands,73photometricaccuracy,74photometricprecision,75,77,80photometry,73portablesystem,71PSFtting,74,78quantumefciency,73readnoise,69,71squarestars,80standardstars,73timeseries,73usage,73vs.
photoelectricphotometry,74vs.
photoelectricprocedures,74Clark,T.
Alan,62colorexcess,149colorindicesRI,118VI,118VBLUW,47,60error,33Genevaβ(X,Y),19GenevaX,Y,Z,19JohnsonBV,14,111JohnsonUB,14,111Str¨omgrenβ,17,64Str¨omgrenby,17Str¨omgrenc1,17Str¨omgrenm1,17cometC/1819N1(Tralles)=1819II,201comparisonstaroptimization,33comparisonstarselectioncriteria,37E.
F.
MiloneandC.
Sterken(eds.
),AstronomicalPhotometry:Past,Present,andFuture,211AstrophysicsandSpaceScienceLibrary373,DOI10.
1007/978-1-4419-8050-2,cSpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2011212IndexCook,G.
W.
,87Cousins,AlanW.
J.
,113,117Coyne,theRev.
GeorgeV.
,62Crawford,DavidL.
,18DdetectorsˇCerenkovsources,97ChargeCoupledDevice(CCD),13,15,16,20,22ff,29,34,36,53,54,62,63,66,69ff,114,155,157,194–196cooling,10,34,36Cs-O-Agcell,10GaAsphotomultiplier,53,113gas-diodephotocell,125humaneye,3,122KHcell,10lead-suldecell,126noisein,34OrthogonalTransferCCD,66,80photocellcooling,99photovoltaiccell,10RCA1P21photomultiplier,12,42,45,90,100,110ff,188RCA31034A-02photomultiplier,113,118RCA7102photomultiplier,126RCA931Aphotomultiplier,43,90RCACs-Sbphotomultiplier,10S1photocathode,125Secell,10thermopile,125differentialmeasurementerror,37Disko,AdrianA.
,43,66DominionAstrophysicalObservatory,193Dugan,RaymondS.
,85EEggen,OlinJ.
,110electronscattering,203,204emulsion,41,84,110ffErasmus,Bartholin,199externalaccuracy,108extinction,1871airmassreductionscheme,134airmassdifferenceminimization,38airmasseffect,75atmospheric,23ff,99Bouguer,39,127Bouguerextinctioncoefcients,24,25,58coefcient,23ff,58,98,116color-dependent,33corrections,23ffextinctionsyntheticcurves,129hourangleforminimumairmassdifference,38infraredextinction,127interstellar,17,144photometers,3positionangleforminimumairmassdifference,38secZairmassapproximation,98simulations,129syntheticextinctioncurves,130ffwatervaporextinction,130ffextra-solarplanettransits,80FFabrylens,22,63,95,100Farbent¨onung,10ltersredleaks,74FindingList,89Fitzgerald,George,F.
,10uxsourcesbackground,34local,34sky,34Forbeseffect,127,134–140FORTHsoftware,72FourCollegeAutomatedTelescope,194Fredrick,LaurenceW.
,51,97GGarrison,RobertF.
,6Graham,JohnA.
,113,117HH1ionabsorption,126HaleTelescope,188Hall,JohnS.
,10,125,203Hanson,CharlesH.
,53Hardieextinctioncoefcients,58Hayes,DonaldS.
,178,191,196Herschel,John,3,39,83Herschel,William,3,125Hertzsprung,Ejnar,9Hilbert-spacevectors,129Hiltner,WilliamAlbert,203Hipparcos,1,2Hipparcosspacemission,48,184Index213IInfraredRADS,65–66InfraredWorkingGroup(IRWG),129,132,139instrumentalnoise,36instrumentalpassbandfunction,34IRWGpassbands,27,133ffJJohnson,HaroldL.
,vi,12,14,29,36,49,97,98,101,110ff,126,147,151KKapteyn,JacobusC.
,9Kron,GeraldE.
,86,110–112Kuruczatmospheremodels,129,178,181ff,190KyrgoussiosList,57Lluminousbluevariable(LBV),6lunaroccultations,103Mmagnitude(s)differential,35MalusLaw,199Malus,Etienne,199McVean,JasonR.
,59measuredradiantpower,34Merrill,JohnE.
,86Minchin,GeorgeM.
,10Mohler,OrrenC.
,87Monck,WilliamH.
S.
,10NNelson,RobertH.
,57,58NIST,179,182,185noiseCCDread-outnoise,34,71minimization,33noisesourceerror,37non-variablestardenition,37NormColeWorkshop,Tucson,62NorthPolarSequence,109,112OobservatoriesCerroTololoInteramericanObservatory(CTIO),116,157,158DominionAstrophysicalObservatory(DAO),193EuropeanSouthernObservatory(ESO),15–17,19,24,27,47,65FairbornObservatory,194Flower,86Flower&Cook,92–94,102–104HarvardCollege,85HoherList,50KittPeakNationalObservatory(KPNO),64,102,116ff,127MountLaguna,25Palomar,190PrincetonUniversity,85RothneyAstrophysicalObservatory,51,136RutherfurdObservatory,6TurkishNationalObservatory,157Oke,J.
B.
,196Olivier,CharlesP.
,87PpassbandsJwindowproles,128,133Nwindowpassbands,138IRWG,27,133fflteravailability,132,138PBPHOTtargets,102photographyphotosensitiveemulsion,84photometersCambridgeAutomaticPlate-Measuringphotometer,9Cambridgephotometer,89CCDPhot,117,118differentialnullingphotometer,43differentialwedgephotometer,43ffdual-channelphotometer,48ff,90DyerObservatoryphotometer,49extinctionphotometers,3GALAXYinstrument,9Harvardvisualphotometer,40high-speedphotometer,51HoherListtwo-photometerinstrument,50IRRADS,65,66MachineAutomatiqueaMesurer,9McCorddouble-beamphotometer,49meridianphotometer,3Myrab'schoppingphotometer,50214Indexphotometers(cont.
)Perkin-ElmerPDSmicrodensitometer,9photographicwedgephotometer,87Pickeringpolarizingphotometer,40Pierce-Blitzsteinphotometer,65polarizingphotometer,39,85,107Princetonpolarizingphotometer,40RapidAlternateDetectionSystem(RADS),51ffSchiltphotometer,8,41Schraferkassette,9Siedentopfirisphotometer,8Steinheilphotometer,3Stetsonphotometer,7,8Walravenve-channnelphotometer,42,46Walravenprototypedifferentialphotometer,44ff,65Walravensix-channelphotometer,45Walraventwo-channeldifferentialphotometer,46wedgephotometer,3Z¨ollnerphotometer,3photometricsystems,84Argue,126AsiagoDatabase,126Bahngjhk,126Baumetal.
six-channel,49BCDspectralclassicationsystem,18BorgmanRQPNMLK,126closedsystems,19,20CousinsRandI,113,117GenevaUBVB1B2V1Gsystem,18International,112,126IRWG,27,133ffJohnsonUBV,12,49,73,109,111,126JohnsonUBVRI,14,57,113,151Johnson/ArizonaJHKLMNQ,126,127KronandSmithRandI,125KronRandI,4,113LandoltUBV(RI),viMaunaKeanear-IR,135naturalsystem,111opensystems,19P,Vsystem,111PBPHOTsystem,84,98proliferationofJohnsonIRpassbands,127Sloanugriz,74StebbinsandWhitford6-color,125Str¨omgrenuvbyβ,16–18,64,73,109Tifft8-lter,125Vilniussystem,74,109WalravenVBLUW,14,15,109Wing,126,157photometry,vabsolutephotometry,108accuracy,1,4,109BonnerDurchmusterung,3CCDphotometry,vi,4,24,25,36,69ffchoppingadvantage,33,56differential,vi,3,4,24,33ff,36,65,75ff,108,122,135,200differentialCCDphotometry,75ffdifferentialinfraredphotometry,65,66,135,140differentialphotoelectricphotometry,33ff,42ffdifferentialphotographicphotometry,9,41differentialpolarimetry,200,208differentialvisualphotometry,6,9,39,40digitalphotometry,74ve-colorphotometry,48Harvarddifferentialphotometry,4Hipparcosmagnitudescale,2infraredspectralwindows,127,128,133,138internalprecision,108millimagnitudedifferentialphotometry,39naked-eye,1noisesources,36passbands,4photoelectricphotometry,10photographicphotometry,4,6,110photomultiplierphotometry,4photoncountrate,34photoncounts,34photonnoise,36plateeyeestimates,7precision,1,4,9Ptolemy'sAlmagest,2pulse-countingdevice,86pulse-countingphotometry,93Purkinjeeffect,2,6relativephotometry,108simultaneousmultiwavelength,64,65systems,48visualphotometry,4zeropointofVmagntiude,111oftheUBVsystem,111photomultipliersRCA1P21,12,42,45,90,100,110ff,188RCA31034A-02,113,118RCA7102,113RCA931A,43,90RCACs-Sb,10Pickering,EdwardC.
,7,39,84Index215Pierce,NewtonL.
,84planetarypolarization,207Plaut,Lukas,9,41Poissonstatistics,36polarimeter(s)Arago,199BeautyandtheBeast,207PlanetPol,207Wollastonprism,200polarimetry,199Chandrasekhareffect,204cosmicmicrowavebackground,208dustintheGalaxy,208Fresnel–Aragolaws,201HerbigAeBestars,205hotJupiters,208Icelandspar,199interstellarmedium,203largetelescopechallenge,208lunarobservations,200photoncounting,207polarizer,202stellar,204Stokesparameters,202,204TTauristars,205Venus,202Protheroe,WilliamM.
,94Purkinjeeffect,6QQ-method,149Rradiantenergy,35RapidAlternateDetectionSystem(RADS),51ffRayleighscattering,135relativepassbandbrightness,35Richardson,E.
Harvey,193Ruthurfurd,Lewis,6Sscanners,188Schwarzschild,Karl,7,9,10scintillationnoise,36seeing,75shotnoise,36siderostat,87signal-to-noise-ratio,22,36,132,136,137,184,187skybrightnessvariation,33,36photonnoise,36simultaneousskymeasurement,36subtractedradiantenergy,35softwareApplesoftBasic,57DVSP,59ESO-Midas,24EXTREME,59IRAF,118PEPSYS,24PHIMIN,59POLYFIT,59RADSEXT,59REDUCE,58TLUSTY,192TRANSFRM,58WDXY,59spectrophotometry,187ffSpitzer,Lyman,88starclustersComaBerenices,110Hyades,110M67,76Pleiades,8,110starsindividual(Catalog,CommonNames)Σ2092,41Aldebaran,159Algol,10,206Arcturus,4,125BD+174708,192BD+8130=HD6006,8G191B2B,192GD153,192GD71,192HD11961,159HD209458,61HD37725,192HD77443,159HR1764,60HR1765,60HR46,159HR4991,159HR6337,159HR8799,207PSR1913+16,69Sirius,179ffVega,vii,1,125,157,178,191,192Wra751,4individual(ConstellationNames)βAnd,1598And,159216Indexstars(cont.
)ACAnd,61QXAnd,61λAqr,159φAqr,159EPAqr,15945RZAri,159αAri,159αBoo,4,126ρBoo,159τBoo,208υBoo,15944iBoo,60RXBoo,159TYBoo,60VWBoo,61CVBoo,61SZCam,9,41ηCar,6ZZCas,89IRCas,61βCep,10UCep,8VWCep,61EMCep,61αCet,159βCnc,15955Cnc,208αCMa,179ff36Com,159RWCom,61εCrB,159TUCVn,159NovaCygni1992,61XZCygni,43CGCyg,61CHCyg,60–62V444Cyg,61,205V1500Cygni(NovaCygni1975),53EUDel,159η2Dor,159RDor,159γDra,159WWDra,9ACDra,159γEri,159εGem,103μGem,159υGem,159UGem,7510LQHer,15930gHer,159DYHer,61V781Her,60αHya,159RTLac,61SSLac,61πLeo,15937Leo,15956VYLeo,15975Leo,159EHLib,61αLyn,15931Lyn,159αLyr,vii,1,125,157,178,191,192RRLyr,42,44,61UZLyr,61RMon,207σOct,84δOph,159χPeg,159ψPeg,15951Peg,20755Peg,159DYPeg,61V376Peg(HD209458),61βPer(Algol),10,206ρPer,15917Per,159SXPhe,44,4530Psc,159UZPsc,61γSge,159V369Sct,61κSer,159ρSer,159αTau(Aldebaran),159μUMa,159ρUMa,15983UMa,159βUMi,159λUMi,84RRUMi,159AIVel,44,45δVir,159νVir,159ψVir,159ωVir,15974Vir,159BKVir,159αVul,159BWVul,69standards,15Cousins,113E-region,117ring,48Index217typesBestars,204Cepheids,110deltaScutiStars,61eclipsingbinaries,61extra-solarplanets,61HerbigAeBestars,205LuminousBlueVariables,4novae,61over-contactbinaries,60pulsatingstars,59RRLyrae,61supergiants,150symbioticbinaries,60TTauristars,205WUMa,59Stebbins,Joel,10Steinheil,C.
A.
,3,39Stetson,HarlanT.
,7,8Stokesparameters,202,206Stokes,GeorgeGabriel,202Str¨omgren,Bengt,17,18,27,29,44,64,145,146,152,153Ttelescope(s)Bernard-Lyot,207FourCollegeAutomated,194HoherList106-cm,50HubbleSpaceTelescope(HST),188,192,196KittPeak0.
9-m,118KittPeak2.
1-m,69KittPeak4-m,69LargeSpaceTelescope,70Lick36-inchCrossley,64Lightcollector(0.
9-m),45McGraw-Hill1.
3-m,73Mont-Megantic1.
6-m,207PicduMidi1.
6-m,207RAO0.
4-m,55RAO1.
5-mIRT,62RAO1.
8-mARCT,62SAAO1-m,74Str¨omgrenAutomaticTelescope,17Swiss70-cm,19VLT8-m,207Walraven'slightcollector,15WIYN3.
5-m,79thermomultiplier:seethermopile,125tip-tiltcorrections,80TLUSTY,192trailedstarsobservations,75transformations,33,36,57–58,66,78,111,118,126,127coefcients,57,58coefcienterror,33,36image,78transmissioncoefcients,34factors,34functions,34UUranus,71UrsaMajor,110WWalraven,Theodore,42ffWalravenexperiments,43ffWamplerscanner,126,188,189Weaver,HaroldF.
,107Wesselink,AdriaanJ.
,9,41,51,66Whitford,AlbertE.
,10,89,110,111Wolf,GeorgeW.
,97Wood,FrankB.
,88Yyoungstellarobjects(YSO),204–206ZZ¨ollner,J.
C.
F.
,3,4,39,40
,51,53,63,66,139Bessell,MichaelS.
,18,114,127Binnendijk,Leendert,97,102Blazhkoeffect,42Blitzstein,William,49,84ffBond,GeorgeP.
,6,39,40Bond,WilliamC.
,107Bouguer,Pierre,39,83Bouguermethod,18,24,25,58,127brightnesssamplingrate,34Buckmaster,HarveyM.
,51CCCDsabsoluteastronomy,74aperturephotometry,77astronomicalpassbands,74damagefromradiation,69detectors,114differenceimaginganalysis,78differentialphotometry,75,76rstobservations,71FWHMofstarimages,80gainchanges,75imageprocessing,74imageprocessingtechniques,77invention,69noiseproperties,73OTCCD(OrthogonalTransferCCD),9,80OTCCD(photometricprecision),80passbands,73photometricaccuracy,74photometricprecision,75,77,80photometry,73portablesystem,71PSFtting,74,78quantumefciency,73readnoise,69,71squarestars,80standardstars,73timeseries,73usage,73vs.
photoelectricphotometry,74vs.
photoelectricprocedures,74Clark,T.
Alan,62colorexcess,149colorindicesRI,118VI,118VBLUW,47,60error,33Genevaβ(X,Y),19GenevaX,Y,Z,19JohnsonBV,14,111JohnsonUB,14,111Str¨omgrenβ,17,64Str¨omgrenby,17Str¨omgrenc1,17Str¨omgrenm1,17cometC/1819N1(Tralles)=1819II,201comparisonstaroptimization,33comparisonstarselectioncriteria,37E.
F.
MiloneandC.
Sterken(eds.
),AstronomicalPhotometry:Past,Present,andFuture,211AstrophysicsandSpaceScienceLibrary373,DOI10.
1007/978-1-4419-8050-2,cSpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2011212IndexCook,G.
W.
,87Cousins,AlanW.
J.
,113,117Coyne,theRev.
GeorgeV.
,62Crawford,DavidL.
,18DdetectorsˇCerenkovsources,97ChargeCoupledDevice(CCD),13,15,16,20,22ff,29,34,36,53,54,62,63,66,69ff,114,155,157,194–196cooling,10,34,36Cs-O-Agcell,10GaAsphotomultiplier,53,113gas-diodephotocell,125humaneye,3,122KHcell,10lead-suldecell,126noisein,34OrthogonalTransferCCD,66,80photocellcooling,99photovoltaiccell,10RCA1P21photomultiplier,12,42,45,90,100,110ff,188RCA31034A-02photomultiplier,113,118RCA7102photomultiplier,126RCA931Aphotomultiplier,43,90RCACs-Sbphotomultiplier,10S1photocathode,125Secell,10thermopile,125differentialmeasurementerror,37Disko,AdrianA.
,43,66DominionAstrophysicalObservatory,193Dugan,RaymondS.
,85EEggen,OlinJ.
,110electronscattering,203,204emulsion,41,84,110ffErasmus,Bartholin,199externalaccuracy,108extinction,1871airmassreductionscheme,134airmassdifferenceminimization,38airmasseffect,75atmospheric,23ff,99Bouguer,39,127Bouguerextinctioncoefcients,24,25,58coefcient,23ff,58,98,116color-dependent,33corrections,23ffextinctionsyntheticcurves,129hourangleforminimumairmassdifference,38infraredextinction,127interstellar,17,144photometers,3positionangleforminimumairmassdifference,38secZairmassapproximation,98simulations,129syntheticextinctioncurves,130ffwatervaporextinction,130ffextra-solarplanettransits,80FFabrylens,22,63,95,100Farbent¨onung,10ltersredleaks,74FindingList,89Fitzgerald,George,F.
,10uxsourcesbackground,34local,34sky,34Forbeseffect,127,134–140FORTHsoftware,72FourCollegeAutomatedTelescope,194Fredrick,LaurenceW.
,51,97GGarrison,RobertF.
,6Graham,JohnA.
,113,117HH1ionabsorption,126HaleTelescope,188Hall,JohnS.
,10,125,203Hanson,CharlesH.
,53Hardieextinctioncoefcients,58Hayes,DonaldS.
,178,191,196Herschel,John,3,39,83Herschel,William,3,125Hertzsprung,Ejnar,9Hilbert-spacevectors,129Hiltner,WilliamAlbert,203Hipparcos,1,2Hipparcosspacemission,48,184Index213IInfraredRADS,65–66InfraredWorkingGroup(IRWG),129,132,139instrumentalnoise,36instrumentalpassbandfunction,34IRWGpassbands,27,133ffJJohnson,HaroldL.
,vi,12,14,29,36,49,97,98,101,110ff,126,147,151KKapteyn,JacobusC.
,9Kron,GeraldE.
,86,110–112Kuruczatmospheremodels,129,178,181ff,190KyrgoussiosList,57Lluminousbluevariable(LBV),6lunaroccultations,103Mmagnitude(s)differential,35MalusLaw,199Malus,Etienne,199McVean,JasonR.
,59measuredradiantpower,34Merrill,JohnE.
,86Minchin,GeorgeM.
,10Mohler,OrrenC.
,87Monck,WilliamH.
S.
,10NNelson,RobertH.
,57,58NIST,179,182,185noiseCCDread-outnoise,34,71minimization,33noisesourceerror,37non-variablestardenition,37NormColeWorkshop,Tucson,62NorthPolarSequence,109,112OobservatoriesCerroTololoInteramericanObservatory(CTIO),116,157,158DominionAstrophysicalObservatory(DAO),193EuropeanSouthernObservatory(ESO),15–17,19,24,27,47,65FairbornObservatory,194Flower,86Flower&Cook,92–94,102–104HarvardCollege,85HoherList,50KittPeakNationalObservatory(KPNO),64,102,116ff,127MountLaguna,25Palomar,190PrincetonUniversity,85RothneyAstrophysicalObservatory,51,136RutherfurdObservatory,6TurkishNationalObservatory,157Oke,J.
B.
,196Olivier,CharlesP.
,87PpassbandsJwindowproles,128,133Nwindowpassbands,138IRWG,27,133fflteravailability,132,138PBPHOTtargets,102photographyphotosensitiveemulsion,84photometersCambridgeAutomaticPlate-Measuringphotometer,9Cambridgephotometer,89CCDPhot,117,118differentialnullingphotometer,43differentialwedgephotometer,43ffdual-channelphotometer,48ff,90DyerObservatoryphotometer,49extinctionphotometers,3GALAXYinstrument,9Harvardvisualphotometer,40high-speedphotometer,51HoherListtwo-photometerinstrument,50IRRADS,65,66MachineAutomatiqueaMesurer,9McCorddouble-beamphotometer,49meridianphotometer,3Myrab'schoppingphotometer,50214Indexphotometers(cont.
)Perkin-ElmerPDSmicrodensitometer,9photographicwedgephotometer,87Pickeringpolarizingphotometer,40Pierce-Blitzsteinphotometer,65polarizingphotometer,39,85,107Princetonpolarizingphotometer,40RapidAlternateDetectionSystem(RADS),51ffSchiltphotometer,8,41Schraferkassette,9Siedentopfirisphotometer,8Steinheilphotometer,3Stetsonphotometer,7,8Walravenve-channnelphotometer,42,46Walravenprototypedifferentialphotometer,44ff,65Walravensix-channelphotometer,45Walraventwo-channeldifferentialphotometer,46wedgephotometer,3Z¨ollnerphotometer,3photometricsystems,84Argue,126AsiagoDatabase,126Bahngjhk,126Baumetal.
six-channel,49BCDspectralclassicationsystem,18BorgmanRQPNMLK,126closedsystems,19,20CousinsRandI,113,117GenevaUBVB1B2V1Gsystem,18International,112,126IRWG,27,133ffJohnsonUBV,12,49,73,109,111,126JohnsonUBVRI,14,57,113,151Johnson/ArizonaJHKLMNQ,126,127KronandSmithRandI,125KronRandI,4,113LandoltUBV(RI),viMaunaKeanear-IR,135naturalsystem,111opensystems,19P,Vsystem,111PBPHOTsystem,84,98proliferationofJohnsonIRpassbands,127Sloanugriz,74StebbinsandWhitford6-color,125Str¨omgrenuvbyβ,16–18,64,73,109Tifft8-lter,125Vilniussystem,74,109WalravenVBLUW,14,15,109Wing,126,157photometry,vabsolutephotometry,108accuracy,1,4,109BonnerDurchmusterung,3CCDphotometry,vi,4,24,25,36,69ffchoppingadvantage,33,56differential,vi,3,4,24,33ff,36,65,75ff,108,122,135,200differentialCCDphotometry,75ffdifferentialinfraredphotometry,65,66,135,140differentialphotoelectricphotometry,33ff,42ffdifferentialphotographicphotometry,9,41differentialpolarimetry,200,208differentialvisualphotometry,6,9,39,40digitalphotometry,74ve-colorphotometry,48Harvarddifferentialphotometry,4Hipparcosmagnitudescale,2infraredspectralwindows,127,128,133,138internalprecision,108millimagnitudedifferentialphotometry,39naked-eye,1noisesources,36passbands,4photoelectricphotometry,10photographicphotometry,4,6,110photomultiplierphotometry,4photoncountrate,34photoncounts,34photonnoise,36plateeyeestimates,7precision,1,4,9Ptolemy'sAlmagest,2pulse-countingdevice,86pulse-countingphotometry,93Purkinjeeffect,2,6relativephotometry,108simultaneousmultiwavelength,64,65systems,48visualphotometry,4zeropointofVmagntiude,111oftheUBVsystem,111photomultipliersRCA1P21,12,42,45,90,100,110ff,188RCA31034A-02,113,118RCA7102,113RCA931A,43,90RCACs-Sb,10Pickering,EdwardC.
,7,39,84Index215Pierce,NewtonL.
,84planetarypolarization,207Plaut,Lukas,9,41Poissonstatistics,36polarimeter(s)Arago,199BeautyandtheBeast,207PlanetPol,207Wollastonprism,200polarimetry,199Chandrasekhareffect,204cosmicmicrowavebackground,208dustintheGalaxy,208Fresnel–Aragolaws,201HerbigAeBestars,205hotJupiters,208Icelandspar,199interstellarmedium,203largetelescopechallenge,208lunarobservations,200photoncounting,207polarizer,202stellar,204Stokesparameters,202,204TTauristars,205Venus,202Protheroe,WilliamM.
,94Purkinjeeffect,6QQ-method,149Rradiantenergy,35RapidAlternateDetectionSystem(RADS),51ffRayleighscattering,135relativepassbandbrightness,35Richardson,E.
Harvey,193Ruthurfurd,Lewis,6Sscanners,188Schwarzschild,Karl,7,9,10scintillationnoise,36seeing,75shotnoise,36siderostat,87signal-to-noise-ratio,22,36,132,136,137,184,187skybrightnessvariation,33,36photonnoise,36simultaneousskymeasurement,36subtractedradiantenergy,35softwareApplesoftBasic,57DVSP,59ESO-Midas,24EXTREME,59IRAF,118PEPSYS,24PHIMIN,59POLYFIT,59RADSEXT,59REDUCE,58TLUSTY,192TRANSFRM,58WDXY,59spectrophotometry,187ffSpitzer,Lyman,88starclustersComaBerenices,110Hyades,110M67,76Pleiades,8,110starsindividual(Catalog,CommonNames)Σ2092,41Aldebaran,159Algol,10,206Arcturus,4,125BD+174708,192BD+8130=HD6006,8G191B2B,192GD153,192GD71,192HD11961,159HD209458,61HD37725,192HD77443,159HR1764,60HR1765,60HR46,159HR4991,159HR6337,159HR8799,207PSR1913+16,69Sirius,179ffVega,vii,1,125,157,178,191,192Wra751,4individual(ConstellationNames)βAnd,1598And,159216Indexstars(cont.
)ACAnd,61QXAnd,61λAqr,159φAqr,159EPAqr,15945RZAri,159αAri,159αBoo,4,126ρBoo,159τBoo,208υBoo,15944iBoo,60RXBoo,159TYBoo,60VWBoo,61CVBoo,61SZCam,9,41ηCar,6ZZCas,89IRCas,61βCep,10UCep,8VWCep,61EMCep,61αCet,159βCnc,15955Cnc,208αCMa,179ff36Com,159RWCom,61εCrB,159TUCVn,159NovaCygni1992,61XZCygni,43CGCyg,61CHCyg,60–62V444Cyg,61,205V1500Cygni(NovaCygni1975),53EUDel,159η2Dor,159RDor,159γDra,159WWDra,9ACDra,159γEri,159εGem,103μGem,159υGem,159UGem,7510LQHer,15930gHer,159DYHer,61V781Her,60αHya,159RTLac,61SSLac,61πLeo,15937Leo,15956VYLeo,15975Leo,159EHLib,61αLyn,15931Lyn,159αLyr,vii,1,125,157,178,191,192RRLyr,42,44,61UZLyr,61RMon,207σOct,84δOph,159χPeg,159ψPeg,15951Peg,20755Peg,159DYPeg,61V376Peg(HD209458),61βPer(Algol),10,206ρPer,15917Per,159SXPhe,44,4530Psc,159UZPsc,61γSge,159V369Sct,61κSer,159ρSer,159αTau(Aldebaran),159μUMa,159ρUMa,15983UMa,159βUMi,159λUMi,84RRUMi,159AIVel,44,45δVir,159νVir,159ψVir,159ωVir,15974Vir,159BKVir,159αVul,159BWVul,69standards,15Cousins,113E-region,117ring,48Index217typesBestars,204Cepheids,110deltaScutiStars,61eclipsingbinaries,61extra-solarplanets,61HerbigAeBestars,205LuminousBlueVariables,4novae,61over-contactbinaries,60pulsatingstars,59RRLyrae,61supergiants,150symbioticbinaries,60TTauristars,205WUMa,59Stebbins,Joel,10Steinheil,C.
A.
,3,39Stetson,HarlanT.
,7,8Stokesparameters,202,206Stokes,GeorgeGabriel,202Str¨omgren,Bengt,17,18,27,29,44,64,145,146,152,153Ttelescope(s)Bernard-Lyot,207FourCollegeAutomated,194HoherList106-cm,50HubbleSpaceTelescope(HST),188,192,196KittPeak0.
9-m,118KittPeak2.
1-m,69KittPeak4-m,69LargeSpaceTelescope,70Lick36-inchCrossley,64Lightcollector(0.
9-m),45McGraw-Hill1.
3-m,73Mont-Megantic1.
6-m,207PicduMidi1.
6-m,207RAO0.
4-m,55RAO1.
5-mIRT,62RAO1.
8-mARCT,62SAAO1-m,74Str¨omgrenAutomaticTelescope,17Swiss70-cm,19VLT8-m,207Walraven'slightcollector,15WIYN3.
5-m,79thermomultiplier:seethermopile,125tip-tiltcorrections,80TLUSTY,192trailedstarsobservations,75transformations,33,36,57–58,66,78,111,118,126,127coefcients,57,58coefcienterror,33,36image,78transmissioncoefcients,34factors,34functions,34UUranus,71UrsaMajor,110WWalraven,Theodore,42ffWalravenexperiments,43ffWamplerscanner,126,188,189Weaver,HaroldF.
,107Wesselink,AdriaanJ.
,9,41,51,66Whitford,AlbertE.
,10,89,110,111Wolf,GeorgeW.
,97Wood,FrankB.
,88Yyoungstellarobjects(YSO),204–206ZZ¨ollner,J.
C.
F.
,3,4,39,40
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