EgyptianComputerScience

JournalVol.
42No.
4September2018ISSN-1110-2586UsingIPMulticastDistributeEncryptionMessageMahaSabriAltememeComputerScienceDepartment,CollegeofScienceKerbalaUniversity,Kerbala,IraqEmail:maha.
sabri@uokerbala.
edu.
iqAbstractTherearemanyaspectshavebeendiscussedinthisstudyforIPmulticasting.
Itcanbeusedinmanyapplicationssuchaschattinginlocalareanetwork,marketingandalsocanbeusedineducationalservices.
ThispapershowssuchIPmulticastingofhowcreateanduseitinmanyapplication.
ThispaperalsodiscussedmanyissuesforIPmulticastsuchasaddingandleavingthejoingroup,advantagesanddisadvantagesofIPmulticasting.
TheprototypehasbeenappliedinWLANbysendingsecuremessagesfromoneclienttomanyrecipients.
Furthermore,itshowsthetimebetweenmanyrecipientsforsendingandreceivingsuchmessagesbasedonesimplesecurityalgorithmsformoresecurity.
Keyword:EncryptionMessage,ClientServer,DistributedSystem,InformationTechnology.
1.
IntroductionDistributing,asaworditusedwithadifferenttermsuchasdistributedsystem,distributedprogramminganddistributedalgorithm,infactitreferredtocomputernetworks.
Wherecomputersarephysicallydistributedindividuallywithinsomegeographicalareaandmakeaconnectionbetweenthem.
Nowadaysthesetermsareusedinamuchwidersense,evenreferringtoindependentprocessesthatrunonthesamecomputerandinteractwitheachotherbysendingmessages[2].
Generally,thecommunicationbetweentwocomputers(clientandserver)needstobereliable.
Therefore,everydeviceconnectedtoadistributedsystemsnetworkisassignedauniquenumberknownasanInternetProtocol(IPv4orIPv6)address.
TheIPispartofthecommunicationprotocolsthatallowcommunicatingbetweenthedevicesonthenetworks[1].
TherearethreemaintypesofIPv4addresses:Unicast,broadcast,andmulticast.
Unicastiddesignedtotransferapacketbetweentwohosts(node)inthenetwork.
Abroadcastisusedtosendpacketstosubnetworkdomain.
Amulticastaddressisdesignedtoenabledeliveryofpacketstothesetofhoststhathavebeenconfiguredasagroupaddressfrom244.
0.
0.
0to239.
255.
255.
255invarioussubnetworks.
Themaindisadvantagesofmulticastarenotconnectionoriented[12].
Amulticastisdeliveredtodestinationgroupmemberwiththesame"best-effort"reliabilityasaslanderedunicastIP.
ThemaindifferencebetweenamulticastIPpacketandaunicastIPpacketisthepresenceofa"groupaddress"intheDestinationAddressfieldoftheIPheader[2].
Eachhostisfreetojoinorleaveusingadatagramsocketasajoingroupatanytime.
That'smeannorestrictiononthephysicallocationorhowmanynumbersofmembersinamulticastgroup.
Themaindeviceontheinternetisrouterthatusesthegroupmembershipprotocoltolearnabouttheexistingofhostsinthenetworkthatattachedinitssubnetwork[15].
Processesthatworkbetweenonesenderandonerecipient,BrowsingSystemsandemailIsanexampleofonlineapplications.
anotherfieldItrequiresthelatestapplications,Oneuser(sender)sendsdatatoanumberofreceiversatasametime.
ThisapplicationwillusetooptimizetoabilityoforganizationabilitytoCollaborationandcommunicationwithinformation,Increasingtheimportanceofusingnetworks.
ThisfeatureinIPMulticastisanimportantadvanceinIPnetworking.
Theuseofmulticastfeaturecanbeappliedtoeasyworkandwehaveaddedasimplesecurityencryptionpackagetosendtonumberofreceivestomakeitmoresecurefordataexchangeorforfuturedevelopment.
Oneofthemainchallengesthatfacethetimeneedingtosendmessagesfromonesendertogroupthosereceivethismessage,thiswaybyusingunicasttakesmoretimeforsendingtothegroupbecauseitneedstosendonemessageateachtimetoeachoneofthegroup.
Sowhensendsmessagetogroupcontainfiveclients,itwillneedtosendthismessagefivetimes.
Ontheotherhand,withIPMulticastitwouldbeeasytosupportmanyoftherecipients.
Bymulticastwillreducetimesoitcanperviousmessagesendonlyone,andanotherchallengetoensuresecuringmulticastcommunicationisconfidentialinformationthatistransferredorreceiveenabledatamulticastingtoverify,thatthedatacontainedoriginatedshouldbesenttotheuserwithoutanother,problembecomesmorecomplexincommon,inotherwordencryptionofadocumentinasecretkeyconstitutesasignaturestrongauthenticationofdocumentandweakagainstrepudiation,inparticularsendtoagroupofrecipients.
TheobjectiveofthispaperproposesdistributeencryptionmessagebasedonIPmulticast.
withIPmulticastitwouldbeeasytosupportmanyofrecipientsasitachievedthespeedandsecrecyinthetransferofinformation.
Themainresearchobjectivesofthisstudyare:Tomeasuretheperformanceforthegrouphostsbasedonresponsetimebetweenthesenderandthemanyreceivers,Toimplementthesecurepacketforsendingtheencryptionmessagesbetweenmanyhostsusingsomeencryptionalgorithmandtounderstandthedifferencebetweenbroadcast,multicast,andunicastandhowtheProtocolIndependentMulticastProtocols(IMP)tojointhenewclientwithagroup.
ThisstudyprovidesanexecutiveintroductiontoIPMulticasttobeusedamongmanygroups.
ItpresentsthebasicconceptforIPmulticast;highlightsitsadvantagesanddisadvantages,andprovidesimplementedtosecuresendingpacketbasedonencryptionalgorithms.
Italsoshowsnetworkperformancebyjoiningandaddingnewuserssimultaneouslyandthealgorithmcanshowtheefficientresponsetimeamongmanyhostseveninasecondormilli-seconds.
WhetheroneisauserofTCP/IP-basedtechnologiesoranorganizationinterestedforimplementingortakingadvantagesofIPMulticastwithinproductorservice,thisstudywillbebeneficialandlucrativeforallofthem.
Thisstudyshows"administrativelyscopeofIPv4multicastspace"tobeintherangeofIPv4from239.
0.
0.
0to239.
255.
255.
255.
Theapplicationhasbeenappliedpracticallyusinglocalareanetworkconnectedwiththeinternet.
Theapplicationputintousethesafetypelanguage"Javaprogramming"tooperatethewholeprogram.
2.
LiteratureReview2.
1MulticastProtocolsThemostfrequentlyusedtransportlayerprotocoltoemploymultipleaddressingistheUserDatagramProtocol(UDP).
Bynature,UDPisnotdependable—lossofmessagesanddeliverythatisoutoforderarequitepossible.
Dependablemulticastprotocols,e.
g.
PragmaticGeneralMulticast(PGM)havebeenevolvedtoaddlossdetectionandretransmissiontoIPmulticast.
IPmulticastiscommonlyutilizedinbusinesses,stockexchanges,andnetworkssendingmultimediamaterial.
AfrequentbusinessemploymentofIPmulticastisforIPTVapplicationssuchasdistancelearningandtelevisedcompanymeetings[30].
Liaoetal.
andWuetal.
haveofferedtomakethelossretrievaleasierviaintermediatenodessoastoshunlatencyandmessagingoverhead[1,2].
Xuetal.
haveexploitedatechniquetoprovidequalityofservicetovideoapplications[3].
Paganietal.
haveappliedamethodthatadaptivelyselectsfloodingandretrievalalongroutingtreebasedonthemobility[4].
AlotofscholarslikeAlpertonetal.
evolveatechniquewhichemploysflowcontroltoguaranteedependability[5].
2.
2PrivacyinMulticastOneofthemostimportantsecurityconcernsinmulticastismaintainingprivacyofcommunication.
Howdomultiplenetworkuserswhoareinthesamemulticast"group"exchangedatasuchthatnooneoutsidethegroupcandecipherwhatisbeingsentAnaturalwaytoguaranteethiswouldbetohaveusersshareacommonkey,calledthegroupkey,andtorequirethatallmulticasttransmissionsfromanyuserwithinthegroupbeencryptedusingthatkey.
Iftheyareguaranteedthatthegroupkeyisknownonlytogroupmembers,thensuchanencryptionprotocolwouldtriviallysolvetheprivacyproblem[28,30].
InFigure1thiswouldmeantransmittingtoallnodesinnetwork.
InFigure2illustratestransmittingtoallnodesbutprivacyinmulticast.
Exampleresearches,Brooks'set.
al(2009)appliedMulticastEncryptionInfrastructureforSecurityinSensorNetworks.
Designingsecuresensornetworksisdifficult.
Theyproposeanapproachthatusesmulticastcommunicationsandrequiresfewerencryptionsthanpairwisecommunications.
Thenetworkispartitionedintomulticastregions;eachregionismanagedbyasensornodechosentoactasakeyserver.
Thekeyserverssolicitnodesintheirneighborhoodtojointhelocalmulticasttree.
Thekeyservergeneratesabinarytreeofkeystomaintaincommunicationwithinthemulticastregionusingasharedkey.
Thisapproachsupportsadistributedkeyagreementprotocolthatidentifiesthecompromisedkeysandsupportsmembershipchangeswithminimumsystemoverhead.
Theyevaluatetheoverheadofthisapproachbyusingthenumberofmessagesandencryptionstoestimatepowerconsumption.
Usingdatafromfieldtestsofamilitarysurveillanceapplication,theyshowthatthismulticastapproachneedsfewerencryptionsthanpair-wisekeyingapproaches.
Theyalsoshowthatthisschemeiscapableofthwartingmanycommonattacks[29].
DuanandCanny(2006)presentedageneralframeworkforconstructingeffectivemulticastcryptosystemswithprovablesecurityandshowthatalineofpreviousworkonmulticastencryptionareallspecialcasesofthisgeneralapproach.
Theyprovidednewmethodsforbuildingsuchcryptosystemswithvariouslevelsofsecurity(e.
g.
,IND-CPA,IND-CCA2).
TheresultstheyobtainedenabletheconstructionofawholeclassofnewmulticastschemeswithguaranteedsecurityusingabroaderrangeofcommonprimitivessuchasOAEP.
Moreover,theywereshowthatmulticastcryptosystemswithhighlevelofsecurity(e.
g.
IND-CCA2)canbebaseduponpublickeycryptosystemswithweaker(e.
g.
CPA)securityaslongasthedecryptioncanbesecurelyandeffectively"shared".
Thisconstructionsfeaturetrulyconstant-sizedecryptionkeyswhereasthelengthsofboththeencryptionkeyandciphertextareindependentofgroupsize[24].
3.
MethodologyThemethodologyforthisworkcontainsfourphasesincludingStateproblem,SendingMessage,Pre-processingmessageandEvaluationofModel.
Wefollowthismethodologybecauseeachphaseinthismethodologyisrelatedtotheresearchandscope.
itisaveryflexibleinimplementationanditwillbesuitableforourwork.
ThestepsofthedataprocessareillustratedinFigure3.
Figure1.
TransmittingtomultiplerecipientsusingMulticastFigure2.
TransmittingtomultiplerecipientsusingprivacyinmulticastFigure3.
MessagesProcessRepresentation3.
1StateproblemThefirststepingeneralmethodologyisawarenessoftheproblem.
Theinformationaboutproblemcomefrommanysources:newdevelopmentsinindustryorinareferencediscipline.
Forthisstudytheawarenessofthechallengesthatfacethetimeneedingtosendmessagefromonesendertogroupthosereceivethismessage,thiswaybyusingunicasttakesmoretimeforsendingtogroupbecauseitneedstosendonemessageateachtimetoeachoneofgroup.
Sowhensendmessageforgroupcontainfiveclients,itwillneedfiveoncesendmessage.
Ontheotherhand,withIPMulticastitwouldbeeasytosupportmanyofrecipients.
Bymulticastwillreducetimesoitcanperviousmessagesendonlyone.
Alsowehavesuggestedhertosendmessagesinmoresecurely.
3.
2SendingMessagesThesecondphaseofthemethodologysuggestedaddingsecuritytomessagethatsendingtomanyhoststoprotectsendingmessagefrominterceptbyusingencryptionalgorithm,theencryptionkeycanbeextractedfromthemathematicalformulainFigure4showsthat,theJavacodeoftheencryptionalgorithmisgivenasFigure5.
Thisformulawillreceivethetotallengthofthestring(textmessage)fromthemethod,andifthetotalnumbermorethanFiveitwillstartdivideitbyTwountilbelessthanFive.
Finallytheresultfromtheformulawillconsiderastheencryptionkey,andthistechniqueensuresthechangeablekey,sothatonlyreceivingwhohasauthenticationcanseetheoriginalmessagebyusingdecryptionkeytobreaktheencryptionmessage.
AnapplicationdevelopedanddesignedbyusingtheJavalanguage,becauseit'ssuitabletobuildthisprojecttypeandUsingJavatoolshelptoachieveflexibilityfortheapplication.
3.
3Pre-processingmessageWedevelopthisprojectbyusingtheJavalanguage,toshowanadvantageanddis-advantageforIPmulticastwithasimpleencryptionalgorithm.
Figure5.
JavacodeforencryptionalgorithmX={X=XIFX5Figure4.
mathematicalformulaforextractingtheencryptionkey3.
4EvaluationofModelWeevaluatethisworkbyusingLAN,sowemakestestforourworkonLANnetworkthatconnectedwithroutertotheinternet.
Thefirststep,wesendmessagethatnoneedtobesecure(withoutencryption),allclientsseethecontentmessagedirectly,andrepeatsendingwithoutsecure(withencryption)thatoneclientwantonlyoneclientreadhismessageandnoonefromtheotherwillreadthecontentofthemessage.
Itwassuccessfultest,aftersendmessagewithencryptionthatwasseenforallclientbutnoonecanreadthecontentbecausetheencryption,thetargetclientwasenabledtoreadcontentmessageaftermakedecryptiontothemessage.
3.
5SimulationmodelInthismethodologywewillproposeourworkmechanismmodeltoshowmessagesendingprocessfromsendertogroupofreceivers,moreovertheprocessofsendingandreceivingencryptionmessagebetweenmanyhosts.
Sendingandreceivingblindtext:Sendingunencryptedmessagetogroupofreceivers,aswellaseveryhostreceivingthemessageatthesametime.
ThejavacodeofthispartoftheapplicationispresentedinFigure6.
Sendingandreceivingencryptedtext:SendingencryptionmessagetoagroupofreceiversasFigure7shows,aswellaseveryhostreceivingtheencryptionmessageatthesametimeasFigure8shows.
ThejavacodeofthispartoftheapplicationispresentedinFigure9.
Figure7.
explainsencryptionsendingthemessageFigure8.
explainsreceivingtheencryptionmessageFigure9.
JavacodeforsendingencryptionmessageFigure6.
JavacodeforsendingblindtextTheusercansendandreceivetheblindtextaswellastheencryptiontextasFigure10processofsendingandreceivingthemessagebetweenanytwohosts.
3.
6ExperimentalStepsInthispartwearegoingtoillustrateapplicationmechanismthatconsistsoftwosteps(loginwindowandchatwindow)thatshowsasbelow:3.
6.
1LoginwindowMainlogininterfaceasintheFigure11.
Thisapplicationrequirestheusertoperformanauthenticationprocedurewherebytheyarerequiredtoinsertausernameandpasswordinordertousethischatapplication.
Theapplicationwillbelaunchedwhentheuserenteredthecorrectusernameandpassword.
However,iftheuserenteredthewrongcombinationofusernameandpassword,theprogramwillimmediatelyshowerrorboxthatcontainamessagetoinformtheusertocorrecttheinsertedusernameandpassword.
3.
6.
2ChatWindowFigure12presentsthemainuserinterfaceforourchatapplication.
Theinterfaceincludeslabelsandbuttonsthatincreasetheapplication'susabilityandeaseofuse.
Figure10.
sendingencryptionmessageFigure11.
loginFigure12.
applicationwindowsBut,iftheuserdidn'ttypeanynametojointhechatgroupandtrytostartaconnection,theapplicationwillshowerrorboxthatcontainsmessagetoaskhimtotypehis/hername.
Usersmayconnecttotheserversimplybyclickingonthe'StartConnect'buttonprovidedonthemaininterface.
Whentheconnectionsuccessfullydone,thewindowchattingwilldisplay"Serverisstarted".
Onceaconnectionwiththeserverisestablished,ausermayhavetheoptiontocontinueonusingtextchattingbywritingtheirmessageinthe'YourMessage'textboxareashowthatinFigure13.
Also,onceconnectionwiththeserverisestablished,ausermayhavetheoptiontocontinueonusingtextchattingbywritingtheirmessageinthe'YourMessage'textboxarea.
Afterthat,theuserisabletouse"SendEnc.
Msg.
"tosendencryptionmessage.
Everyencryptionmessagewilldisplayinwindowchatting.
Themessagewillnotappearsameoncethatwriteonthetextarea"YourMessage"becauseitwillencryptinourAlgorithm.
Also,theencryptedmessagewilldisplayontheallhostsinthesamesamplesasaFigure14showingthatapproach.
3.
7ProgramsetupInstallationforcomputerprogramistheprocedureofactiontheprogramreadytowork.
Somecomputerprogramscanbeoperatedbyonlycopyingthemintoafolderstoredonacomputerandoperatingthem.
Otherprogramsaresuppliedinamodethatcannotbeimmediatelyexecutedandthusrequireasetupprocedure.
Wheninstalled,theprogramcanbeoperatedrepeatedly,needingnoreinstallationpriortoeachoperation.
Thechatapplicationrequirestwoprincipalthingstooperatecorrectly.
Firstly,theapplicationisconstructedusingtheJavaprogramminglanguage;hence,theuserhastoinstallJavaRuntimeEnvironment(JRE)andtheJavaDevelopmentKit(JDK).
Next,theapplicationcanoperatewithnoerroratall.
Nevertheless,theprogramstillrequirestobeconnectedtothenetworkforlinkingwithasetofIP.
3.
8ToolsCustomarily,mostcomputersusedtocommunicateusingtheNetworkProtocol;consequentlyanetworksocketispointendingbetweentwooperationconnectionstreamacrossnetworkforcomputer.
theapplicationofsocketAPIisinterfaceapplicationAPIgenerallysuppliedbytheoperatingsystem,thatpermitsapplicationprogramstocontrolandusenetworksockets.
NetworksocketAPIsgenerallyconformtotheBerkeleysocketsstandard.
AsocketaddressconsistsofanInternetProtocoladdressandaportnumber,justlikeoneendofaphoneconnectionwhichconsistsofaphonenumberandFigure13.
AppearMessageandTimeFigure14.
AppearEncryptionMessageonXHostsomeextension.
Usingthisaddress,networksocketssendreceiveddatatothesuitableapplicationoperationorthread.
Javaisalanguageusedinobject-orientedprogramming.
Ithasanion-builtapplicationprogramminginterface(API)thatcantackleimagesanduserinterfacesandthatcanbeemployedtodevisenewapplicationsorapplets.
DuetoitsdiversecollectionofAPI's,likeMacintoshandWindows,anditsplatformindependence,Javacanfurtherbeconsideredasaplatformonitsown.
Inaddition,ithasstandardlibrariesfordoingmath's,nottomentionJavaincludingnumerouslibraries.
Thejavanetpackpurveystwoclasses--SocketandServerSocket--thatexecutetheclientpartoftheconnectionandtheserverpartoftheconnection,respectively.
3.
9PlatformNetBeansIDEisoriginalforfreejavawhenmostdevelopersforsystems,thisNetBeansIDEsupportofmanylanguagesuchasJavaScript,PHP,C++andJavaFX.
NetBeansisanopen-sourceprojectdedicatedtoprovidingrocksolidsoftwaredevelopmentproducts(NetBeansIDEandNetBeansPlatform)thataddresstheneedsofdevelopers.
4.
FindingResultsandConclusionTheobjectiveofthisprojectwastodesignandimplementachatapplicationbasedonthemulticasttechnology,whichallowssendingandreceivinginstantmessagingandsendingtheencryptionmessagesbetweenmanyhostsusingsomeencryptionalgorithm.
Alltheseoperationswereunderwirelesslocalareanetwork(WLAN).
TheapplicationclientsidewasimplementedonthewindowsplatformusingtheJavalanguageandtheSocketlibraryfile,whilethechatapplicationwasimplementedonNetbeansIDE7.
1usingaJavalanguage.
[17]Themainresultsthatweobtainedinthisproject;itissuccesstosendandreceivethemessagebasedonIPmulticastingtechnique.
Themessagecanbesendfromoneclienttogroupofreceivers,aswellasanyonecanjointhemulticastgroupbygettingtheapplication.
Moreover,thesecurityissueisasecondobjectthatwehaveachievedinthisproject.
Where,theclientscanreceiveciphertext,butwhocansendthattextanddecryptingitjustthatwhohastheapplicationthatwehavesuggestedasclearlyshowninFigure15.
Thisapplicationcontainencryptionalgorithmtoprovidehighsecurelevelfortopsecretetext.
TherearemanyaspectshavebeendiscussedinthisstudyforIPmulticasting.
Itcanbeusedinmanyapplicationssuchaschattinginlocalareanetwork,marketingandalsocanbeusedineducationalservices.
ThispapershowssuchIPmulticastingofhowcreateanduseitinmanyapplication.
ThispaperalsodiscussedmanyissuesforIPmulticastsuchasaddingandleavingthejoingroup,advantagesanddisadvantagesofIPmulticasting.
TheprototypehasbeenappliedinWLANbysendingsecuremessagesfromoneclienttomanyrecipients.
Furthermore,itshowsthetimebetweenmanyrecipientsforsendingandreceivingsuchmessagesbasedonesimplesecurityalgorithmsformoresecurity.
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