0.30ecs
ecs 时间:2021-03-02 阅读:()
1ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlFORCE-BASEDASSESSMENTOFWELDGEOMETRYFORCE-BASEDASSESSMENTOFWELDGEOMETRYCoenraadEsveldCoenraadEsveldDelftUniversityofTechnologyEsveldConsultingServicesDelftUniversityofTechnologyEsveldConsultingServices2ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlDAMAGEDUETOPOORWELDGEOMETRYDAMAGEDUETOPOORWELDGEOMETRY3ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlEXISTINGWELDGEOMETRYSTANDARDSEXISTINGWELDGEOMETRYSTANDARDSForexampleVersine:0ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlThedynamiccontactforceasafunctionofthefirsttimederivative:Thedynamiccontactforceasafunctionofthefirsttimederivative:VELOCITYAPPROACHVELOCITYAPPROACHzvu(t)=z(t)MK2dyndzFCv*dx=2dyndzFCv*dx=5ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlzQI≤1:AcceptedzQI>1:RejectedzQI≤1:AcceptedzQI>1:RejectedQUALITYINDICES(QI)QUALITYINDICES(QI)maxmaxnormnormdzFdxQI1OKdzFdx==≤maxmaxnormnormdzFdxQI1OKdzFdx==≤6ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlFORCE-BASEDSTANDARDSFORCE-BASEDSTANDARDS1.
4mrad50kN100km/h0.
7mrad140kN300km/hInclinationFDynVelocity0.
9mrad65kN200km/h1.
8mrad35kN140km/h2.
4mrad15kN80km/h3.
2mrad5kN40km/hQI=1QI=1ConventionalConventionalHSLHSLHHHHImplementedinRAILPROFImplementedinRAILPROFTotalforceinprinciple225kNTotalforceinprinciple225kN7ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlNEWVERSUSOLDNORMNEWVERSUSOLDNORM1.
00.
30OldNorm0.
70.
21300km/hInclination[mrad]Versine[mm]Velocity0.
90.
27200km/h1.
80.
54140km/h2.
40.
7280km/h3.
20.
9640km/h0dz2zdx20.
31.
0mrad2πλπ==≈0dz2zdx20.
31.
0mrad2πλπ==≈02xzzsinπλ=02xzzsinπλ=2mλ=2mλ=02z02z0z0.
3mm=0z0.
3mm=For80km/hthenewnormis2.
4timesmorefavorablethantheoldnorm,providedshortwaveshavebeengroundoff.
For80km/hthenewnormis2.
4timesmorefavorablethantheoldnorm,providedshortwaveshavebeengroundoff.
8ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlLATERALGEOMETRYSTANDARDSLATERALGEOMETRYSTANDARDS0.
5mm300km/hVersineVelocity0.
5mm200km/h0.
5mm140km/h0.
7mm80km/h1.
0mm40km/hQI=1QI=1ImplementedinRAILPROFImplementedinRAILPROF9ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlASSESSMENTOLDANDNEWONPRORAILASSESSMENTOLDANDNEWONPRORAILRP002432RP002432RP002945RP002945RP002949RP002949RP003125RP003125Oldnorm:Rejected,New:OKOldnorm:Rejected,New:OKOldnorm:OK,New:RejectedOldnorm:Rejected,New:Rejected10ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlSELECTIONONPRORAILSELECTIONONPRORAIL00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequencyCDFMoerdijk-Dordrecht(VSRT)Delft-DenHaagLageZwaluwe-HollandsDiep0123456789WeldQualityIndex[-](140km/h)81%60%31%1.
8mrad(140km/h)1.
8mrad(140km/h)Limitat80km/hLimitat80km/h100weldspergroup100weldspergroup11ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlOLDVERSUSNEWSTANDARDSOLDVERSUSNEWSTANDARDS00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequency012345678910111213MaximumAbsoluteInclinationofWeldGeometry(25mmbase)[mrad].
46%NewStandards3001408040km/hOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passedOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passed3%58%73%Population239welds00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequency012345678910111213MaximumAbsoluteInclinationofWeldGeometry(25mmbase)[mrad].
46%NewStandards3001408040km/hOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passedOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passed3%58%73%Population239weldsQInormat140km/his3timesmorefavorablethanoldnorm00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequency012345678910111213MaximumAbsoluteInclinationofWeldGeometry(25mmbase)[mrad].
46%NewStandards3001408040km/hOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passedOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passed3%58%73%Population239welds00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequency012345678910111213MaximumAbsoluteInclinationofWeldGeometry(25mmbase)[mrad].
46%NewStandards3001408040km/hOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passedOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passed3%58%73%Population239weldsQInormat140km/his3timesmorefavorablethanoldnorm12ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nly=18,62x+20,93R2=0,0905010000,250,50,7511,25versine[mm]max.
dyn.
contactforce[kN]y=4,33xR2=0,9105010005101520max.
discretisedgradient(5mmbasis)[mrad]max.
dyn.
contactforce[kN]LowcorrelationforceandversineLowcorrelationforceandversineHighcorrelationforceandQIHighcorrelationforceandQICALCULATEDDYNAMICFORCESCALCULATEDDYNAMICFORCES13ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlDynamicforcelinearwithQIDynamicforcelinearwithQIDynamicforcelinearwithtrainspeedDynamicforcelinearwithtrainspeed0204060801001201401600246810max.
weldslope[mrad]Fdyn[kN]v=300km/hv=140km/hv=80km/hv=40km/hy=0,28xR2=0,98020406080100050100150200250300trainspeed[km/h]Fdyn[kN]slope:5mradCALCULATEDDYNAMICFORCESCALCULATEDDYNAMICFORCES14ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlAXLEBOXACCELERATIONSAXLEBOXACCELERATIONSDynamicamplificationlessthan2.
2Dynamicamplificationlessthan2.
2y=0,23x+1,11R2=0,5911,21,41,61,822,200,511,522,53QI(140km/h)DAF(750Hz)15ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlProcedure:zSampleweldgeometrywithdigitalstraightedgezFiltermeasuredsignalzDetermine1stderivative(inclination)zNormalizewithinterventionvalueforlinespeedzCalculateQI.
zQIECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlPRACTICALIMPLEMENTATIONPRACTICALIMPLEMENTATION17ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlPDASCREENPDASCREENV=140km/hQI=1.
06V=140km/hQI=1.
06QIuniquelyshowswheretogrindQIuniquelyshowswheretogrind18ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlDESKTOPSOFTWAREDESKTOPSOFTWAREAlldataandgraphscanbeshownonaPC;Resultsinpdf-formatcandirectlybeemailedtocustomer.
AlldataandgraphscanbeshownonaPC;Resultsinpdf-formatcandirectlybeemailedtocustomer.
19ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS1.
Theorybasedonfirstderivativeworksfineinpractice;2.
Steelstraightedgeisabsolutelyinadequate;3.
InsteadelectronicstraightedgeswithQI(RAILPROF);4.
HighcorrelationofforceandQI,lowcorrelationwithversine;5.
WithRAILPROFQImeasurement:Youseewhatyoudo;Higherquality;Lessrejectionsprovidedshortwavesaregroundproperly(alsonegativeweldsallowed);Extensionoflifecycle.
1.
Theorybasedonfirstderivativeworksfineinpractice;2.
Steelstraightedgeisabsolutelyinadequate;3.
InsteadelectronicstraightedgeswithQI(RAILPROF);4.
HighcorrelationofforceandQI,lowcorrelationwithversine;5.
WithRAILPROFQImeasurement:Youseewhatyoudo;Higherquality;Lessrejectionsprovidedshortwavesaregroundproperly(alsonegativeweldsallowed);Extensionoflifecycle.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlFORCE-BASEDASSESSMENTOFWELDGEOMETRYFORCE-BASEDASSESSMENTOFWELDGEOMETRYCoenraadEsveldCoenraadEsveldDelftUniversityofTechnologyEsveldConsultingServicesDelftUniversityofTechnologyEsveldConsultingServices2ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlDAMAGEDUETOPOORWELDGEOMETRYDAMAGEDUETOPOORWELDGEOMETRY3ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlEXISTINGWELDGEOMETRYSTANDARDSEXISTINGWELDGEOMETRYSTANDARDSForexampleVersine:0ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlThedynamiccontactforceasafunctionofthefirsttimederivative:Thedynamiccontactforceasafunctionofthefirsttimederivative:VELOCITYAPPROACHVELOCITYAPPROACHzvu(t)=z(t)MK2dyndzFCv*dx=2dyndzFCv*dx=5ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlzQI≤1:AcceptedzQI>1:RejectedzQI≤1:AcceptedzQI>1:RejectedQUALITYINDICES(QI)QUALITYINDICES(QI)maxmaxnormnormdzFdxQI1OKdzFdx==≤maxmaxnormnormdzFdxQI1OKdzFdx==≤6ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlFORCE-BASEDSTANDARDSFORCE-BASEDSTANDARDS1.
4mrad50kN100km/h0.
7mrad140kN300km/hInclinationFDynVelocity0.
9mrad65kN200km/h1.
8mrad35kN140km/h2.
4mrad15kN80km/h3.
2mrad5kN40km/hQI=1QI=1ConventionalConventionalHSLHSLHHHHImplementedinRAILPROFImplementedinRAILPROFTotalforceinprinciple225kNTotalforceinprinciple225kN7ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlNEWVERSUSOLDNORMNEWVERSUSOLDNORM1.
00.
30OldNorm0.
70.
21300km/hInclination[mrad]Versine[mm]Velocity0.
90.
27200km/h1.
80.
54140km/h2.
40.
7280km/h3.
20.
9640km/h0dz2zdx20.
31.
0mrad2πλπ==≈0dz2zdx20.
31.
0mrad2πλπ==≈02xzzsinπλ=02xzzsinπλ=2mλ=2mλ=02z02z0z0.
3mm=0z0.
3mm=For80km/hthenewnormis2.
4timesmorefavorablethantheoldnorm,providedshortwaveshavebeengroundoff.
For80km/hthenewnormis2.
4timesmorefavorablethantheoldnorm,providedshortwaveshavebeengroundoff.
8ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlLATERALGEOMETRYSTANDARDSLATERALGEOMETRYSTANDARDS0.
5mm300km/hVersineVelocity0.
5mm200km/h0.
5mm140km/h0.
7mm80km/h1.
0mm40km/hQI=1QI=1ImplementedinRAILPROFImplementedinRAILPROF9ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlASSESSMENTOLDANDNEWONPRORAILASSESSMENTOLDANDNEWONPRORAILRP002432RP002432RP002945RP002945RP002949RP002949RP003125RP003125Oldnorm:Rejected,New:OKOldnorm:Rejected,New:OKOldnorm:OK,New:RejectedOldnorm:Rejected,New:Rejected10ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlSELECTIONONPRORAILSELECTIONONPRORAIL00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequencyCDFMoerdijk-Dordrecht(VSRT)Delft-DenHaagLageZwaluwe-HollandsDiep0123456789WeldQualityIndex[-](140km/h)81%60%31%1.
8mrad(140km/h)1.
8mrad(140km/h)Limitat80km/hLimitat80km/h100weldspergroup100weldspergroup11ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlOLDVERSUSNEWSTANDARDSOLDVERSUSNEWSTANDARDS00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequency012345678910111213MaximumAbsoluteInclinationofWeldGeometry(25mmbase)[mrad].
46%NewStandards3001408040km/hOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passedOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passed3%58%73%Population239welds00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequency012345678910111213MaximumAbsoluteInclinationofWeldGeometry(25mmbase)[mrad].
46%NewStandards3001408040km/hOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passedOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passed3%58%73%Population239weldsQInormat140km/his3timesmorefavorablethanoldnorm00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequency012345678910111213MaximumAbsoluteInclinationofWeldGeometry(25mmbase)[mrad].
46%NewStandards3001408040km/hOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passedOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passed3%58%73%Population239welds00.
20.
40.
60.
81CumulativeFrequency012345678910111213MaximumAbsoluteInclinationofWeldGeometry(25mmbase)[mrad].
46%NewStandards3001408040km/hOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passedOldNorm(0–0.
3mm)isindependentoflinespeed16%passed3%58%73%Population239weldsQInormat140km/his3timesmorefavorablethanoldnorm12ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nly=18,62x+20,93R2=0,0905010000,250,50,7511,25versine[mm]max.
dyn.
contactforce[kN]y=4,33xR2=0,9105010005101520max.
discretisedgradient(5mmbasis)[mrad]max.
dyn.
contactforce[kN]LowcorrelationforceandversineLowcorrelationforceandversineHighcorrelationforceandQIHighcorrelationforceandQICALCULATEDDYNAMICFORCESCALCULATEDDYNAMICFORCES13ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlDynamicforcelinearwithQIDynamicforcelinearwithQIDynamicforcelinearwithtrainspeedDynamicforcelinearwithtrainspeed0204060801001201401600246810max.
weldslope[mrad]Fdyn[kN]v=300km/hv=140km/hv=80km/hv=40km/hy=0,28xR2=0,98020406080100050100150200250300trainspeed[km/h]Fdyn[kN]slope:5mradCALCULATEDDYNAMICFORCESCALCULATEDDYNAMICFORCES14ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlAXLEBOXACCELERATIONSAXLEBOXACCELERATIONSDynamicamplificationlessthan2.
2Dynamicamplificationlessthan2.
2y=0,23x+1,11R2=0,5911,21,41,61,822,200,511,522,53QI(140km/h)DAF(750Hz)15ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlProcedure:zSampleweldgeometrywithdigitalstraightedgezFiltermeasuredsignalzDetermine1stderivative(inclination)zNormalizewithinterventionvalueforlinespeedzCalculateQI.
zQIECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlPRACTICALIMPLEMENTATIONPRACTICALIMPLEMENTATION17ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlPDASCREENPDASCREENV=140km/hQI=1.
06V=140km/hQI=1.
06QIuniquelyshowswheretogrindQIuniquelyshowswheretogrind18ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlDESKTOPSOFTWAREDESKTOPSOFTWAREAlldataandgraphscanbeshownonaPC;Resultsinpdf-formatcandirectlybeemailedtocustomer.
AlldataandgraphscanbeshownonaPC;Resultsinpdf-formatcandirectlybeemailedtocustomer.
19ECSECSWeldGeometryStandardsWeldGeometryStandardswww.
esveld.
comwww.
esveld.
comwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlwww.
rail.
tudelft.
nlCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS1.
Theorybasedonfirstderivativeworksfineinpractice;2.
Steelstraightedgeisabsolutelyinadequate;3.
InsteadelectronicstraightedgeswithQI(RAILPROF);4.
HighcorrelationofforceandQI,lowcorrelationwithversine;5.
WithRAILPROFQImeasurement:Youseewhatyoudo;Higherquality;Lessrejectionsprovidedshortwavesaregroundproperly(alsonegativeweldsallowed);Extensionoflifecycle.
1.
Theorybasedonfirstderivativeworksfineinpractice;2.
Steelstraightedgeisabsolutelyinadequate;3.
InsteadelectronicstraightedgeswithQI(RAILPROF);4.
HighcorrelationofforceandQI,lowcorrelationwithversine;5.
WithRAILPROFQImeasurement:Youseewhatyoudo;Higherquality;Lessrejectionsprovidedshortwavesaregroundproperly(alsonegativeweldsallowed);Extensionoflifecycle.
飞讯云E5-2678V3 64GB，湖北十堰100G高防物理机330元/月
飞讯云官网“飞讯云”是湖北飞讯网络有限公司旗下的云计算服务品牌，专注为个人开发者用户、中小型、大型企业用户提供一站式核心网络云端部署服务，促使用户云端部署化简为零，轻松快捷运用云计算。飞讯云是国内为数不多具有ISP/IDC双资质的专业云计算服务商，同时持有系统软件著作权证书、CNNIC地址分配联盟成员证书，通过了ISO27001信息安全管理体系国际认证、ISO9001质量保证体系国际认证。 《中华...
HostKvm新上联通CUVIP线路VPS,八折优惠后1G内存套餐$5.2/月起
最近上洛杉矶机房联通CUVIP线路主机的商家越来越多了，HostKvm也发来了新节点上线的邮件，适用全场8折优惠码，基于KVM架构，优惠后最低月付5.2美元起。HostKvm是一家成立于2013年的国人主机商，提供基于KVM架构的VPS主机，可选数据中心包括日本、新加坡、韩国、美国、中国香港等多个地区机房，君选择国内直连或优化线路，延迟较低，适合建站或者远程办公等。以洛杉矶CUVIP线路主机为例，...
星梦云：四川100G高防4H4G10M月付仅60元
星梦云怎么样?星梦云资质齐全，IDC/ISP均有，从星梦云这边租的服务器均可以备案，属于一手资源，高防机柜、大带宽、高防IP业务，一手整C IP段，四川电信，星梦云专注四川高防服务器,成都服务器,雅安服务器。星梦云目前夏日云服务器促销,四川100G高防4H4G10M月付仅60元;西南高防月付特价活动，续费同价，买到就是赚到!点击进入：星梦云官方网站地址1、成都电信年中活动机(成都电信优化线路，封锁...
ecs为你推荐
-
主页改不了浏览器主页改不了吴晓波频道买粉五大知识付费平台有哪些？工信部备案怎样在工信部进行域名备案?要详细网站联盟网站联盟的运作流程ps抠图技巧如何使用PS抠图今日热点怎么删除如何彻底删除今日热点硬盘人硬盘是指什么人xv播放器下载除了迅雷看看播放器还有什么播放器支持xv格式的视频？bt封杀为什么现在网上许多BT下载都被封了？云挂机快手极速版后台云挂机辅?助各位用了吗？在哪找的？