中华人民共和国合同法

CONTRACTACTOFTHEPEOPLE'SREPUBLICOFCHINA(1999年3月15日第九届全国代表大会第二次会议通过AdoptedattheSecondSessionoftheNinthNationalPeople'sCongressonMarch15,1999)高谊顾问有限公司英文版本EnglishEditionbyHarmonyConsultantsLimited目录Contents总则GeneralEnactment第一章一般规定Chapter1GeneralProvisions第二章合同的订立Chapter2ConclusionofContracts第三章合同的效力Chapter3TakingEffectofContracts第四章合同的履行Chapter4PerformanceofContracts第五章合同的变更和转让Chapter5VariationandTransferofContracts第六章合同权利义务的终止Chapter6TerminationofRightsandObligationsofContracts第七章违约规定Chapter7LiabilitiesforBreachofContract第八章其他规定Chapter8MiscellaneousProvisions分则SpecifiedContracts第九章买卖合同Chapter9ContractsforSaleandPurchase第十章供用电、水、气、热力合同Chapter10ContractsforSupplyandUseofElectricity,Water,GasorHeating第十一章赠与合同Chapter11ContractsofDonationsandGifts第十二章借款合同Chapter12LoanAgreements第十三章租赁合同Chapter13HiringContracts第十四章融资租赁合同Chapter14FinanceLeases第十五章承揽合同Chapter15ContractsWithContractors第十六章建设工程合同Chapter16ConstructionContracts第十七章运输合同Chapter17TransportationContracts第十八章技术合同Chapter18TechnologyContracts第十九章保管合同Chapter19CustodyContracts第二十章仓储合同Chapter20StorageContracts第十二章委托合同Chapter21AgencyContracts第二十二章行记合同Chapter22ContractsofConsignment第二十三章居间合同Chapter23BrokerContracts附则SupplementalProvision第一章一般规定Chapter1GeneralProvisions第一条为了保护合同当事人的合法权益,维护社会经济秩序,促进社会主义现代化建设,制定本法.
Article1ThisActisenactedwithaviewtoprotectingthelawfulrightsandinterestsofthepartiestocontracts,maintainingthesocialeconomicorderandpromotingthedevelopmentofthesocialistmodernization.
第二条本法所称合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议.
婚姻、收养、监护等有关身份关系的协议,适用其他法律的规定.
Article2Theword"contract"referredtointhisActmeansanagreementbetweennaturalpersons,legalentitiesorotherorganizationsofequalstatusestablishing,modifyingorterminatingtheirrelationshipinrespectofcivilrightsandobligations.
Agreementsregardingmatrimony,adoption,guardianshipandotherpersonalrelationship,shallbegovernedbyotherenactments.
第三条合同当事人的法律地位平等,一方不得将自己的意志强加给另一方.
Article3Thelegalstatusofthecontractingpartiesshallbeequal.
Nopartyshallunilaterallyimposehisownwillonanyotherparty.
第四条当事人依法享有自愿订立合同的权利,任何单位和个人不得非法干预.
Article4Apartyshallhavetherightbylawtoenterintoanycontractathisownwillfreefromanyunlawfulinterferencebyanyotherunitsorindividuals.
第五条当事人应当遵循公平原则确定各方的权利和义务.
Article5Thepartiesshallabidebytheprincipleoffairnessindeterminingtheirrespectiverightsandobligations.
第六条当事人行使权利、履行义务应当遵循诚实信用原则.
Article6Inexercisinghisrightsorperforminghisobligations,apartyshallactingoodfaith.
第七条当事人订立、履行合同,应当遵守法律、行政法规,尊重社会公德,不得扰乱社会经济秩序,损害社会公共利益.
Article7Whenenteringintoorperformingacontract,apartyshallabidebythelawsandadministrativeregulationswithrespecttosocialethics,andrefrainfromdisruptingthesocial-economicorderorimpairingpublicinterests.
第八条依法成立的合同,对当事人具有法律约束力.
当事人应当按照约定履行自己的义务,不得擅自变更或者解除合同.
依法成立的合同,受法律保护.
Article8Acontractenteredintoincompliancewiththelawsshallbebindingontheparties.
Apartyshallperformhisownobligationsasagreed,andshallnotunilaterallymodifyorrescindthecontract.
Alawfulcontractshallbeprotectedbylaw.
第二章合同的订立Chapter2ConclusionofContracts第九条当事人订立合同,应当具有相应的民事权利能力和民事行为能力.
当事人依法可以委托代理人订立合同.
Article9Forenteringacontract,apartymusthavetheappropriatecapacityforcivilrightsandconduct.
Apartymaymakeacontractthroughanagentinaccordancewiththelaws.
第十条当事人订立合同,有书面形式、口头形式和其他形式.
法律、行政法规规定采用书面形式的,应当采用书面形式.
当事人约定采用书面形式的,应当采用书面形式.
Article10Acontractmaybemadebythepartiesinwriting,bywordsofmouthorotherwise.
Ifrequiredbythelawsandadministrativeregulationsorbyagreementbetweenthepartiesthatacontractbemadeinwriting,thecontractshallbesomade.
第十一条书面形式是指合同书、信件和数据电文(包括电报、电传、传真、电子数据交换和电子邮件)等可以有形地表现所载内容的形式.
Article11Thewrittenformmeansacontractualdocument,letterorelectronicallytransmitteddatatext(includingtelegram,telex,facsimile,electronicdatainterchangeande-mail)wherebyitscontentsaremanifestedinlegibleform.
第十二条合同的内容由当事人约定,一般包括以下条款:(一)当事人的名称或者姓名和住所;(二)标的;(三)数量;(四)质量;(五)价款或者报酬;(六)履行期限;(七)违约责任;(八)解决争议的方法.
当事人可以参照各类合同的示范文本订立合同.
Article12Thetermsofacontractshallbeagreedbytheparties,whichingeneralcoverthefollowing:(1)thenameandaddressofeachparty;(2)subjectmatter;(3)quantity;(4)quality;(5)priceandremuneration;(6)time,placeandmannerofperformance;;(7)liabilitiesforbreach;(8)mannerofdisputeresolution.
Inmakingacontractthepartiesmaydrawreferencefromvariousprecedents.
第十三条当事人订立合同,采取要约、承诺方式.
Article13Acontractshallbeconcludedbetweenthepartiesbywayofofferandacceptance.
第十四条要约是希望和他人订立合同的意思表示,该意思表示应当符合下列规定:(一)内容具体确定;(二)表明经受要约人承诺,要约人即受该意思表示约束.
Article14Anofferbyapartyisanindicationofhisintentiontoenterintoacontractwithotherperson(s).
Suchindicationshallsatisfythefollowingrequirements:(1)thetermsoftheoffershallbecertain;(2)uponacceptancebytheofferee,theofferorshallbeboundbysuchindication.
第十五条要约邀请是希望他人向自己发出要约的意思表示.
寄送的价目表、拍卖公告、招标公告、招股说明书、商业广告等为要约邀请.
商业广告的内容符合要约规定的,视为要约.
Article15Aninvitationtotreatisanindicationofone'sintentiontoinviteothertomakeanoffertohimself.
Pricequotationsdispatched,auctionnotices,tendernotices,prospectusesandcommercialadvertisementsaretakenasinvitationstotreat.
Acommercialadvertisementwhosecontentsmeettherequirementsofanoffer,shallberegardedasanoffer.
第十六条要约到达受要约人时生效.
采用数据电文形式订立合同,收件人指定特定系统接收数据电文的,该数据电文进入该特定系统的时间,视为到达时间;未指定特定系统的,该数据电文进入收件人的任何系统的首次时间,视为到达时间.
Article16Anoffershallbecomeeffectivewhenitisdeliveredtotheofferee.
Ifacontractistobeconcludedbyelectronicallytransmitteddatatext,andtheaddresseespecifiesasystemforreceivingsuchtext,thetimeatwhichsuchtextentersintothesystemshallbedeemedtobethetimeofreceipt;ifnoparticularsystemisspecified,thetimeatwhichsuchtextfirstentersintoanysystemoftheaddresseeshallbedeemedtobethetimeofreceipt.
第十七条要约可以撤回.
撤回要约的通知应当在要约到达受要约人之前或者与要约同时到达受要约人.
Article17Anoffermaybewithdrawn.
Anynoticetowithdrawanoffermustreachtheoffereebeforeitsreceiptbytheofferee.
第十八条要约可以撤销.
撤销要约的通知应当在受要约人发出承诺通知之前到达受要约人.
Article18Anoffermayberevoked.
Anynoticetorevokeanoffermustreachtheoffereebeforetheoffereedispatcheshisnoticeofacceptance.
第十九条有下列情形之一的,要约不得撤销:(一)要约人确定了承诺期限或者以其他形式明示要约不可撤销;(二)受要约人有理由认为要约是不可撤销的,并已经为履行合同作了准备工作.
Article19Nooffershallberevokedinanyofthefollowingcircumstances:(1)theofferorhasexpresslyspecifiedaperiodoftimeforacceptanceorotherwiseprovidedthattheofferisirrevocable;(2)theoffereehasgroundstobelievethattheofferisirrevocableandhasforthwithtakenpreparatorystepsforperformingthecontract.
第二十条有下列情形之一的,要约失效:(一)拒绝要约的通知到达要约人;(二)要约人依法撤销要约;(三)承诺期限届满,受要约人未作出承诺;(四)受要约人对要约的内容作出实质性变更.
Article20Anoffershalllapseonanyofthefollowingcircumstances:(1)thenoticeofrejectionoftheofferhasreachedtheofferor;(2)theofferorlawfullyrevokestheoffer;(3)theoffereehasnotmadeanacceptancetotheofferonorbeforeitsexpiration;and(4)theoffereemateriallychangesthetermsoftheofferbywayofacounter-offer.
第二十一条承诺是受要约人同意要约的意思表示.
Article21Anacceptanceisanexpressionbytheoffereeofhisagreementtotheoffer.
第二十二条承诺应当以通知的方式作出,但根据交易习惯或者要约表明可以通过行为作出承诺的除外.
Article22Anacceptanceshallbemadebywayofnotice,exceptthatanacceptancemaybemadebywayofconductwherethetradingpracticeorthetermsoftheoffersoprovides.
第二十三条承诺应当在要约确定的期限内到达要约人.
要约没有确定承诺期限的,承诺应当依照下列规定到达:(一)要约以对话方式作出的,应当即时作出承诺,但当事人另有约定的除外;(二)要约以非对话方式作出的,承诺应当在合理期限内到达.
Article23Theacceptanceshallreachtheofferorwithinthetimespecifiedintheoffer.
Ifnotimeisspecifiedintheoffer,theacceptanceshallbeservedinaccordancewiththefollowingprovisions:(1)iftheofferismadebywordsofmouth,theacceptanceshallbemadeinstantaneouslyunlessthepartieshaveagreedotherwise;(2)iftheofferismadeotherwisethanbywordsofmouth,theacceptanceshallbeservedwithinareasonabletime.
第二十四条要约以信件或者电报作出的,承诺期限自信件载明的日期或者电报交发之日开始计算.
信件未载明日期的,自投寄该信件的邮戳日期开始计算.
要约以电话、传真等快速通讯方式作出的,承诺期限自要约到达受要约人时开始计算.
Article24Iftheofferismadebypostortelegraph,thetimeforacceptancecommencesatthedatestatedintheletterorthedatethetelegramistenderedfordispatch.
Ifnodateisstatedontheletter,itcommencesonthedateofthepostalchopforthepostingoftheletter.
Iftheofferismadebymeansofinstantaneouscommunicationsuchastelephoneorfacsimile,thetimeforacceptanceshallcommencewhentheofferreachestheofferee.
第二十五条承诺生效时合同成立.
Article25Acontractisconcludedwhentheacceptancetakeseffect.
第二十六条承诺通知到达要约人时生效.
承诺不需要通知的,根据交易习惯或者要约的要求作出承诺的行为时生效.
采用数据电文形式订立合同的,承诺到达的时间适用本法第十六条第二款的规定.
Article26Anacceptanceshalltakeeffectwhennoticethereofreachestheofferor.
Anacceptancethatdoesnotrequireanoticetobegiven,shallbeeffectivewhenanactofacceptanceismadeinaccordancewithtradingpracticeorasrequiredbytheoffer.
Incaseofacontractmadebyelectroniccommunication,thetimeforreceiptoftheacceptanceshallbegovernedbytheprovisionsofparagraph2ofArticle16ofthisAct.
第二十七条承诺可以撤回.
撤回承诺的通知应当在承诺通知到达要约人之前或者与承诺通知同时到达要约人.
Article27Anacceptancemaybewithdrawn.
Anynoticeofwithdrawalofacceptanceshallreachtheofferorbeforethenoticeofacceptanceisservedtotheofferor.
第二十八条受要约人超过承诺期限发出承诺的,除要约人及时通知受要约人该承诺有效的以外,为新要约.
Article28Anacceptancemadebytheoffereeafterthespecifiedtimeforacceptanceshallconstituteanewofferunlesstheofferorinformstheoffereeingoodtimethattheacceptanceiseffective.
第二十九条受要约人在承诺期限内发出承诺,按照通常情形能够及时到达要约人,但因其他原因承诺到达要约人时超过承诺期限的,除要约人及时通知受要约人因承诺超过期限不接受该承诺的以外,该承诺有效.
Article29Anacceptancewhichisdispatchedbytheoffereewithintime,andwhichwouldhavereachedtheofferorintimeinthenormalcourseofevent,butforsomereasonisreceivedbytheofferorafterthetimeforacceptance,shallneverthelessbeeffective,unlesstheofferorinformstheoffereeingoodtimethattheacceptanceisnotacceptedbecauseoflapseoftime.
第三十条承诺的内容应当与要约的内容一致.
受要约人对要约的内容作出实质性变更的,为新要约.
有关合同标的、数量、质量、价款或者报酬、履行期限、履行地点和方式、违约责任和解决争议方法等的变更,是对要约内容的实质性变更.
Article30Thetermsoftheacceptanceshallcorrespondwiththoseoftheoffer.
Ifthetermsoftheofferaremateriallymodifiedbytheofferee,suchmodifiedtermsshallconstituteanewoffer.
Anymodificationtothetermsoftheofferinconnectionwiththedescription,quantity,quality,priceorremuneration,timeandmannerofperformance,ofthesubjectmatterofthecontractandtheliabilityforbreachandmethodfordisputeresolutionthereof,shallberegardedasmaterialmodification.
第三十一条承诺对要约的内容作出非实质性变更的,除要约人及时表示反对或者要约表明承诺不得对要约的内容作出任何变更的以外,该承诺有效,合同的内容以承诺的内容为准.
Article31Anacceptancemakingnon-materialmodificationtotheoffershallbeeffectiveandthecontractshallbesubjecttosuchmodifiedtermsoftheacceptanceunlesstheofferorobjectsingoodtimetosuchmodificationortheofferexpresslyprovidesthatnomodificationshallbemadethereof.
第三十二条当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的,自双方当事人签字或者盖章时合同成立.
Article32Acontractbythepartiesinwritingshallbeconcludeduponsigningthereoforaffixingthesealthereon.
第三十三条当事人采用信件、数据电文等形式订立合同的,可以在合同成立之前要求签订确认书.
签订确认书时合同成立.
Article33Incaseofacontractmadethroughletterorelectronicallytransmitteddatatext,thepartiesmay,beforetheconclusion,requireadulysignedconfirmationinwriting.
Suchcontractshallthenbeconcludedupontheexecutionofthewrittenconfirmation.
第三十四条承诺生效的地点为合同成立的地点.
采用数据电文形式订立合同的,收件人的主营业地为合同成立的地点;没有主营业地的,其经常居住地为合同成立的地点.
当事人另有约定的,按照其约定.
Article34Theplaceofformationofthecontractshallbetheplacewheretheacceptancetakeseffect.
Incaseacontractismadebyelectronicallytransmitteddatatext,theplaceofformationofthecontractshallbetheprincipalplaceofbusinessoftherecipient.
Therecipienthavingnoprincipalplaceofbusiness,theplaceofformationofthecontractshallbehishabitualresidence.
Ifthepartieshaveagreedotherwise,theiragreementshallprevail.
第三十五条当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的,双方当事人签字或者盖章的地点为合同成立的地点.
Article35Incaseofwrittencontracts,theplaceofformationofthecontractshallbewherethepartiessignthecontractoraffixthesealthereon.
第三十六条法律、行政法规规定或者当事人约定采用书面形式订立合同,当事人未采用书面形式但一方已经履行主要义务,对方接受的,该合同成立.
Article36Incaseitisrequiredbythelawsandadministrativeregulationsoragreedbythepartiesthatacontractbemadeinwriting,ifthepartieshavenotreducedthecontractintowritingwhileonepartyhasperformedthematerialobligationsthereofandtheotherpartyhasacceptedthesame,thecontractshallbeestablished.
第三十七条采用合同书形式订立合同,在签字或者盖章之前,当事人一方已经履行主要义务,对方接受的,该合同成立.
Article37Ifacontractshallbemadeinwriting,andbeforeitisexecuted,onepartyhasperformedhismaterialobligationsthereunderwiththeacceptanceofthesamebytheotherparty,thecontractshallbeestablished.
第三十八条国家根据需要下达指令性任务或者国家订货任务的,有关法人、其他组织之间应当依照有关法律、行政法规规定的权利和义务订立合同.
Article38IncaseofmandatoryassignmentorpurchasebytheStateinneed,thelegalentitiesorotherorganizationsconcernedshallenterintocontractsinaccordancewiththeirrespectiverightsandobligationsassetoutbytherelevantlawsoradministrativeregulations.
第三十九条采用格式条款订立合同的,提供格式条款的一方应当遵循公平原则确定当事人之间的权利和义务,并采取合理的方式提请对方注意免除或者限制其责任的条款,按照对方的要求,对该条款予以说明.
格式条款是当事人为了重复使用而预先拟定,并在订立合同时未与对方协商的条款.
Article39Ifandwhenacontractismadeonstandardtermsbyoneparty,thepartymakingsuchstandardtermsshalldefinetheparties'respectiverightsandobligationsinaccordancewiththeprincipleoffairness,andthatpartyshalltakereasonablemeasurestodrawtheattentionoftheotherpartytoanyclausesrelatingtoexclusionorlimitationofliability,andexplainthesametotheotherpartyasrequired.
Standardtermsaretermsdraftedbyonepartyinadvanceforrepeateduse,whichhavenotbeennegotiatedwiththeotherpartyuponmakingthecontract.
第四十条格式条款具有本法第五十二条和第五十三条规定情形的,或者提供格式条款一方免除其责任、加重对方责任、排除对方主要权利的,该条款无效.
Article40IfanystandardtermsfallintoanyofthecircumstancesstipulatedinArticles52and53below,orthepartyprovidingthestandardtermspurportstoexcludehisownliabilitiesorprejudicialtotheotherparty'sliabilitiesortoexcludetheotherparty'smaterialrights,suchstandardtermsshallbenullandvoid.
第四十一条对格式条款的理解发生争议的,应当按照通常理解予以解释.
对格式条款有两种以上解释的,应当作出不利于提供格式条款一方的解释.
格式条款和非格式条款不一致的,应当采用非格式条款.
Article41Iftheinterpretationofthestandardtermsisindispute,thestandardtermsshallbeconstruedaccordingtotheirgenerallyacceptedmeaning.
Ifastandardtermiscapableofhavingtwoormoreinterpretations,theinterpretationshallbedrawnagainstthepartyprovidingthestandardterm.
Ifdiscrepancyoccursbetweenastandardtermandanon-standardterm,thenon-standardtermshallprevail.
第四十二条当事人在订立合同过程中有下列情形之一,给对方造成损失的,应当承担损害赔偿责任:(一)假借订立合同,恶意进行磋商;(二)故意隐瞒与订立合同有关的重要事实或者提供虚假情况;(三)有其他违背诚实信用原则的行为.
Article42Apartyinthecourseofmakingacontractunderanyofthefollowingcircumstancesandcausinganylossanddamagetotheotherparty,shallbeliablefordamages:(1)underthepretextofmakingacontract,conductingnegotiationinbadfaith;(2)concealingsignificantfactsmaterialtothemakingofthecontractorprovidingfalseinformation;(3)anyotherconductcontrarytotheprincipleofgoodfaith.
第四十三条当事人在订立合同过程中知悉的商业秘密,无论合同是否成立,不得泄露或者不正当地使用.
泄露或者不正当地使用该商业秘密给对方造成损失的,应当承担损害赔偿责任.
Article43Tradesecretacquiredbyapartyinthecourseofmakingacontractshallnotbedivulgedorimproperlyusedwhetherornotacontractisconcluded.
Anypartywhodivulgesorimproperlyusesthetradesecrettherebycausinglossestotheotherparty,shallbeliablefordamages.
第三章合同的效力Chapter3TakingEffectofContracts第四十四条依法成立的合同,自成立时生效.
法律、行政法规规定应当办理批准、登记等手续生效的,依照其规定.
Article44AcontractmadeaccordingtothisActshalltakeeffectuponconclusion.
Ifthelawsoradministrativeregulationsprescribeapprovalorregistrationtorenderthecontracttakingeffect,suchformalitiesshallbecompliedwith.
第四十五条当事人对合同的效力可以约定附条件.
附生效条件的合同,自条件成就时生效.
附解除条件的合同,自条件成就时失效.
当事人为自己的利益不正当地阻止条件成就的,视为条件已成就;不正当地促成条件成就的,视为条件不成就.
Article45Thepartiesmayagreeoncollateraltermswithregardtoacontracttakingeffect.
Acontractwithacondition-precedenttakeseffectwhentheconditionisfulfilled.
Acontractwithacondition-subsequentshallbeinvalidwhenthecondition-subsequentoccurs.
Ifapartyinhisowninterestimproperlypreventsthefulfillmentofanycondition,suchconditionshallbedeemedtohavebeensatisfied.
Aconditionshallbedeemedunfulfilledifitisimproperlyprocured.
第四十六条当事人对合同的效力可以约定附期限.
附生效期限的合同,自期限届至时生效.
附终止期限的合同,自期限届满时失效.
Article46Theperiodofvalidityofacontractmaybeagreedbytheparties.
Acontractwithacommencementdateshallcomeintoforceonthatdate.
Acontractwithadateforterminationshallbeexpiredonthatdate.
第四十七条限制民事行为能力人订立的合同,经法定代理人追认后,该合同有效,但纯获利益的合同或者与其年龄、智力、精神健康状况相适应而订立的合同,不必经法定代理人追认.
相对人可以催告法定代理人在一个月内予以追认.
法定代理人未作表示的,视为拒绝追认.
合同被追认之前,善意相对人有撤销的权利.
撤销应当以通知的方式作出.
Article47Acontractenteredintobyapersonwithlimitedcapacityshalltakeeffectuponratificationbyhisstatutoryrepresentative.
Acontractsolelyforthebenefitofthepersonasapartywithlimitedcapacity,orappropriatetohisage,mentalcapacityandhealthrenderinghimsuitabletomakesuchacontract,needsnotberatifiedbyhisstatutoryrepresentative.
Thecounterpartytothecontractmayurgethestatutoryrepresentativetoratifythecontractwithinonemonth.
Thestatutoryrepresentativemakingnoresponsetheretowithinonemonthshallbedeemedtohaverefusedratification.
Abonafidecounterpartyhastherighttorescindthecontractbywayofnoticeatanytimebeforeratification.
第四十八条行为人没有代理权、超越代理权或者代理权终止后以被代理人名义订立的合同,未经被代理人追认,对被代理人不发生效力,由行为人承担责任.
相对人可以催告被代理人在一个月内予以追认.
被代理人未作表示的,视为拒绝追认.
合同被追认之前,善意相对人有撤销的权利.
撤销应当以通知的方式作出.
Article48Ifacontractismadebyapersoninthenameofhisprincipalwithoutpowerofattorney,oroutsidethescopeofhisagency,orafterterminationofhisagency,suchcontractwithoutratificationbyhisprincipalshallnotbindtheprincipal.
Thepersonactinginsuchmannershallbeheldliable.
Thecounterpartytothecontractmayurgethepurportedprincipaltoratifywithinonemonth.
Thepurportedprincipalshallbedeemedtohaverefusedratificationintheabsenceofanyindication.
Abonafidecounterpartyhastherighttorescindthecontractbywayofnoticeatanytimebeforeratification.
第四十九条行为人没有代理权、超越代理权或者代理权终止后以被代理人名义订立合同,相对人有理由相信行为人有代理权的,该代理行为有效.
Article49Ifapersonentersintoacontractinthenameofhisprincipalwithoutpowerofattorneyoroutsidethescopeofhisagencyoraftertheterminationoftheagency,ifandwhenthecounterpartyhasgoodreasontobelievethatsuchpersonhasthepowersofsoacting,suchactofagencybythatpersonshallbevalid.
第五十条法人或者其他组织的法定代表人、负责人超越权限订立的合同,除相对人知道或者应当知道其超越权限的以外,该代表行为有效.
Article50Ifthestatutoryrepresentativeorpersoninchargeofalegalentityorotherorganizationentersintoacontractexceedingthescopeofhisauthority,suchactofrepresentationshallbevalidunlessthecounterpartyknowsoroughttohaveknownthathehasexceededthescopeofhisauthority.
第五十一条无处分权的人处分他人财产,经权利人追认或者无处分权的人订立合同后取得处分权的,该合同有效.
Article51Acontractshallbevalid,ifapersonwithoutauthoritybywayofthecontractdisposesofthepropertyofanotherpersonwhosubsequentlyratifiessuchact,orifthatpersonwithoutauthoritysubsequentlyobtainssuchauthorityaftertheconclusionofthecontract.
第五十二条有下列情形之一的,合同无效:(一)一方以欺诈、胁迫的手段订立合同,损害国家利益;(二)恶意串通,损害国家、集体或者第三人利益;(三)以合法形式掩盖非法目的;(四)损害社会公共利益;(五)违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定.
Article52Underanyofthefollowingcircumstances,acontractshallbevoid:(1)apartymakesthecontractbyfraudorcoercionprejudicialtotheinterestsoftheState;(2)thepartiesconspiremaliciouslytoprejudicetheinterestsoftheState,acollectiveentityorathirdparty;(3)anyunlawfulpurposeisconcealedbylawfulmeans;(4)publicinterestsareprejudiced;(5)itcontravenesthemandatoryprovisionsofthelawsoradministrativeregulations.
第五十三条合同中的下列免责条款无效:(一)造成对方人身伤害的;(二)因故意或者重大过失造成对方财产损失的.
Article53Anyexemptionclauseforliabilitiesinacontractshallbenullandvoid,if:(1)thecounterpartysufferspersonalinjury;(2)thecounterpartysustainsdamageandlossesduetoanyintentionalorsubstantialdefault.
第五十四条下列合同,当事人一方有权请求人民法院或者仲裁机构变更或者撤销:(一)因重大误解订立的;(二)在订立合同时显失公平的.
一方以欺诈、胁迫的手段或者乘人之危,使对方在违背真实意思的情况下订立的合同,受损害方有权请求人民法院或者仲裁机构变更或者撤销.
当事人请求变更的,人民法院或者仲裁机构不得撤销.
Article54Apartymayapplytoapeople'scourtoranarbitrationinstitutiontovaryorrescindthefollowingcontracts:(1)acontractconcludedthroughgrossmisunderstanding;(2)acontractmadewithapparentunfairness.
Ifoneparty,bywayoffraud,coercionortakingadvantageoftheotherparty'splight,inducestheotherpartytoenterintoacontactagainsthistrueintention,theinjuredpartymayapplytoapeople'scourtoranarbitrationinstitutionforvariationorrescissionofthecontract.
Ifapartyappliesforvariation,thepeople'scourtorarbitrationinstitutionshallnotrescindthecontract.
第五十五条有下列情形之一的,撤销权消灭:(一)具有撤销权的当事人自知道或者应当知道撤销事由之日起一年内没有行使撤销权;(二)具有撤销权的当事人知道撤销事由后明确表示或者以自己的行为放弃撤销权.
Article55Therightofrescissionshallbeextinguishedif:(1)thepartywiththerightofrescissionfailstoexercisesuchrightwithinoneyearfromthedatewhenheknowsoroughttohaveknownthegroundsforrescission.
(2)thepartywiththerightofrescission,afterknowingthegroundsforrescissionexpresslyorbyhisownconduct,abandonshisrights.
第五十六条无效的合同或者被撤销的合同自始没有法律约束力.
合同部分无效,不影响其他部分效力的,其他部分仍然有效.
Article56Avoidorrescindedcontractshallhavenolegalbindingeffectasfromitsinception.
Ifatermofthecontractisnullandvoidandsuchtermdoesnotaffectthevalidityoftheotherterms,suchothertermsshallremainvalidandeffective.
第五十七条合同无效、被撤销或者终止的,不影响合同中独立存在的有关解决争议方法的条款的效力.
Article57Thevalidityandeffectoftheclausefordisputeresolutionexistingindependentlyandseparatelyinacontractshallnotbeaffectedbythenullity,revocationorterminationofthecontract.
第五十八条合同无效或者被撤销后,因该合同取得的财产,应当予以返还;不能返还或者没有必要返还的,应当折价补偿.
有过错的一方应当赔偿对方因此所受到的损失,双方都有过错的,应当各自承担相应的责任.
Article58Ifacontractistakenasnullandvoidorhasbeenrescinded,anypropertyobtainedpursuanttheretoshallbereturned.
Ifthereturnofthepropertyisimpossibleorunnecessary,compensationatitsequivalentvalueshallbemade.
Thedefaultingpartyshallindemnifytheinnocentpartyforlossesarisingtherefrom.
Ifbothpartiesareindefault,eachpartyshallberesponsibleforhisownshareoftheliabilities.
第五十九条当事人恶意串通,损害国家、集体或者第三人利益的,因此取得的财产收归国家所有或者返还集体、第三人.
Article59IfthepartiesobtainpropertythroughandbycollusiontherebyinjuringtheinterestsoftheStateoracollectiveentityorathirdparty,thepropertysoobtainedshallbereturnedtotheStateorthecollectiveentityorthethirdparty.
第四章合同的履行Chapter4PerformanceofContracts第六十条当事人应当按照约定全面履行自己的义务.
当事人应当遵循诚实信用原则,根据合同的性质、目的和交易习惯履行通知、协助、保密等义务.
Article60Thepartiesshallperformalltheirrespectiveobligationsasagreed.
Incompliancewiththenatureandpurposesofthecontractandtradepractice,apartyshallperformingoodfaithhisobligationsrelatingtonotice,assistanceandconfidentialityorotherwise.
第六十一条合同生效后,当事人就质量、价款或者报酬、履行地点等内容没有约定或者约定不明确的,可以协议补充;不能达成补充协议的,按照合同有关条款或者交易习惯确定.
Article61Ifaneffectivecontractcontainsnotermsforquality,priceorremunerationandplaceofperformanceorsuchtermsareuncertain,thepartiesmaymakesupplementalprovisions.
Ifthereisnosupplementalagreement,suchprovisionsshallbedeterminedaccordingtootherrelevanttermsofthecontractortradepractice.
第六十二条当事人就有关合同内容约定不明确,依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的,适用下列规定:(一)质量要求不明确的,按照国家标准、行业标准履行;没有国家标准、行业标准的,按照通常标准或者符合合同目的的特定标准履行.
(二)价款或者报酬不明确的,按照订立合同时履行地的市场价格履行;依法应当执行政府定价或者政府指导价的,按照规定履行.
(三)履行地点不明确,给付货币的,在接受货币一方所在地履行;交付不动产的,在不动产所在地履行;其他标的,在履行义务一方所在地履行.
(四)履行期限不明确的,债务人可以随时履行,债权人也可以随时要求履行,但应当给对方必要的准备时间.
(五)履行方式不明确的,按照有利于实现合同目的的方式履行.
(六)履行费用的负担不明确的,由履行义务一方负担.
Article62IfanytermsinacontractagreedbythepartiesareambiguousandsuchambiguitycannotberesolvedundertheprovisionsofArticle61ofthisAct,thefollowingprovisionsshallapply:(1)Ifthequalityprovisionsareuncertain,theStatestandardorindustrystandardshallapply;ifthereisnosuchstandard,thegenerallyacceptedstandardorspecificstandardforthepurposeofthecontract,shallapply.
(2)Ifthetermsrelatingtothepriceorremunerationareunclear,themarketpriceoftheplaceofperformanceatthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontractshallapply.
Ifthelawsrequireadoptionofthepricefixedordirectedbythegovernment,suchpriceshallapply.
(3)Incasethetermrelatingtoplaceofperformanceisuncertain,ifthepaymentshallbemadeinmoneyitshallbemadeattheplaceofthepartyreceivingthepaymentuponsuchpaymentbeingmade.
Incaseofdeliveryofrealproperty,theperformanceshallbemadeatthelocationoftherealproperty.
Incaseofothersubjectmatters,theperformanceshallbemadeattheplaceofthepartyperformingtheobligationsthereunder.
(4)Ifthetimeforperformanceisuncertain,thedebtormayperformatanytime,andthecreditormayalsoatanytimedemandperformance,providedthathehasgivensufficientnoticeforpaymenttothedebtor.
(5)Ifthemannerofperformanceisuncertain,performanceshallbemadeinthemannerexpedientforthepurposeofthecontract.
(6)Iftheliabilityforpaymentoftheexpensesincurredfortheperformanceisuncertain,suchexpensesshallbebornebythepartyperformingtheobligations.
第六十三条执行政府定价或者政府指导价的,在合同约定的交付期限内政府价格调整时,按照交付时的价格计价.
逾期交付标的物的,遇价格上涨时,按照原价格执行;价格下降时,按照新价格执行.
逾期提取标的物或者逾期付款的,遇价格上涨时,按照新价格执行;价格下降时,按照原价格执行.
Article63Withregardtotheadoptionofthepricefixedordirectedbythegovernment,ifthepriceisadjustedbythegovernmentduringtheagreedtimefordeliveryinthecontract,thepriceshallbeassessedatthetimeofdelivery.
Ifthedeliveryofthesubjectmatterisoverduewherebythepricehasincreased,theoriginalpriceshallprevail;ifthepricehasdecreased,thenewpriceshallprevail.
Ifthetakingdeliveryofthesubjectmatterorthepaymentisoverduewherebythepricehasincreased,thenewpriceshallprevail;ifthepricehasdecreased,theoriginalpriceshallprevail.
第六十四条当事人约定由债务人向第三人履行债务的,债务人未向第三人履行债务或者履行债务不符合约定,应当向债权人承担违约责任.
Article64Ifbyanagreementbetweentheparties,thedebtorshallperformhisobligationstoathirdpartybutfailstodoso,orhisperformancedoesnotsatisfythetermsofthecontract,heshallbeliabletothecreditorforthebreach.
第六十五条当事人约定由第三人向债权人履行债务,第三人不履行债务或者履行债务不符合约定,债务人应当向债权人承担违约责任.
Article65Ifbyanagreementbetweentheparties,theobligationsshallbeperformedbyathirdpartytothecreditorbutthethirdpartyfailstoperformhisobligationsorhisperformancedepartsfromtheagreement,thedebtorshallbeliabletothecreditorforthebreach.
第六十六条当事人互负债务,没有先后履行顺序的,应当同时履行.
一方在对方履行之前有权拒绝其履行要求.
一方在对方履行债务不符合约定时,有权拒绝其相应的履行要求.
Article66Ifthepartiesbeartheirrespectiveobligationstoeachotherandthereisnoorderofpriorityastoperformance,thepartiesshallperformtheirrespectiveobligationssimultaneously.
Apartyhasarighttorefusethedemandforperformancebytheotherpartywhohasnotperformedhisobligations.
Apartyhasarighttorefusethecorrespondingdemandforperformancebytheotherparty,iftheobligationssoperformedbytheotherpartydepartfromtheagreement.
第六十七条当事人互负债务,有先后履行顺序,先履行一方未履行的,后履行一方有权拒绝其履行要求.
先履行一方履行债务不符合约定的,后履行一方有权拒绝其相应的履行要求.
Article67Ifthepartiesbeartheirrespectiveobligationstoeachotherandthereisanorderofpriorityastoperformance;ifthepartyfirsttoperformfailstodoso,theotherpartyhasarighttorefusethedemandforperformancebythedefaultingparty.
Ifthepartyfirsttoperformfailstocomplywiththeagreedobligationsinthecourseofperformance,theotherpartyhasarighttorefusethecorrespondingdemandforperformancebythedefaultingparty.
第六十八条应当先履行债务的当事人,有确切证据证明对方有下列情形之一的,可以中止履行:(一)经营状况严重恶化;(二)转移财产、抽逃资金,以逃避债务;(三)丧失商业信誉;(四)有丧失或者可能丧失履行债务能力的其他情形.
当事人没有确切证据中止履行的,应当承担违约责任.
Article68Thepartyfirsttoperformmaysuspendperformanceifinpossessionofcogentevidencethattheotherpartyfallsintoanyofthefollowingcircumstances:(1)hisbusinessconditionsbeingseriouslydeteriorating;(2)heistransferringanypropertyorwithdrawingandabscondingwithanyfundstoevadepaymentofdebts;(3)hehaslostcommercialcredibility;(4)heisinanyothercircumstancesthatleadtothelossorpossiblelossofabilitytoperformhisobligations.
Apartysuspendingperformancewithoutcogentevidenceshallbeliableforbreachofthecontract.
第六十九条当事人依照本法第六十八条的规定中止履行的,应当及时通知对方.
对方提供适当担保时,应当恢复履行.
中止履行后,对方在合理期限内未恢复履行能力并且未提供适当担保的,中止履行的一方可以解除合同.
Article69ApartysuspendingperformanceunderArticle68ofthisAct,shallgivepromptnoticetotheotherparty.
Uponbeingprovidedappropriateguaranteefromtheotherparty,thepartyshallresumehisperformance.
Afterperformanceissuspended,iftheotherpartyfailstoregainhisabilitytoperformanddoesnotprovideanappropriateguarantee,thepartysuspendingtheperformancemayrescindthecontract.
第七十条债权人分立、合并或者变更住所没有通知债务人,致使履行债务发生困难的,债务人可以中止履行或者将标的物提存.
Article70Ifthecreditordoesnotnotifythedebtorofhissplitting-up,mergerorachangeofhisaddress,therebyrenderingthedebtordifficulttoperformhisobligations,thedebtormaysuspendtheperformanceorkeepthesubjectmatterincustody.
第七十一条债权人可以拒绝债务人提前履行债务,但提前履行不损害债权人利益的除外.
债务人提前履行债务给债权人增加的费用,由债务人负担.
Article71Acreditormayrefusetoacceptadvanceperformanceofanobligationbythedebtorunlesstheearlyperformancedoesnotprejudicetheinterestsofthecreditor.
Anyincreaseinexpensesincurredbythecreditorarisingfromtheadvanceperformancebythedebtorshallbebornebythedebtor.
第七十二条债权人可以拒绝债务人部分履行债务,但部分履行不损害债权人利益的除外.
债务人部分履行债务给债权人增加的费用,由债务人负担.
Article72Acreditormayrefusepartialperformancebyhisdebtorunlessthepartialperformancedoesnotprejudicethecreditor'sinterests.
Anyadditionalexpensesincurredbythecreditorarisingfromthepartialperformanceshallbebornebythedebtor.
第七十三条因债务人怠于行使其到期债权,对债权人造成损害的,债权人可以向人民法院请求以自己的名义代位行使债务人的债权,但该债权专属于债务人自身的除外.
代位权的行使范围以债权人的债权为限.
债权人行使代位权的必要费用,由债务人负担.
Article73Ifacreditorsufferslossanddamagebyreasonoffailureonthepartofthedebtortoobtainpaymentfordebtsdueandpayabletohimbyathirdparty,thecreditormayapplytoapeople'scourtforsubrogationtothedebtor'sright,exceptsuchrightispersonaltothedebtor.
Theextenttowhichsubrogationmaybeexercisedshallbelimitedtotherightofthedebtor.
Anynecessaryexpensesincurredbythecreditorinexercisingthesubrogationshallbebornebythedebtor.
第七十四条因债务人放弃其到期债权或者无偿转让财产,对债权人造成损害的,债权人可以请求人民法院撤销债务人的行为.
债务人以明显不合理的低价转让财产,对债权人造成损害,并且受让人知道该情形的,债权人也可以请求人民法院撤销债务人的行为.
撤销权的行使范围以债权人的债权为限.
债权人行使撤销权的必要费用,由债务人负担.
Article74Anycreditorsufferingbyhisdebtorwaivinganyofthedebtsdueandpayableortransferringanyassetoutofhimwithoutanyconsideration,mayapplytoapeople'scourttosetasidesuchactscommittedbythedebtor.
Anycreditorsufferingbyhisdebtorknowinglytransferringanyassetatgrossundervaluetoatransferee,mayalsoapplytoapeople'scourttosetasidesuchactsofthedebtor.
Therighttosetasideshallbelimitedtotheextentoftherightofthecreditor.
Thenecessaryexpensesofthecreditorinexercisinghisrighttosetasideshallbebornebythedebtor.
第七十五条撤销权自债权人知道或者应当知道撤销事由之日起一年内行使.
自债务人的行为发生之日起五年内没有行使撤销权的,该撤销权消灭.
Article75Therighttosetasideshallbeexercisedwithinoneyearfromthedateofthecreditorknowingoroughttohaveknownofthecauseforsettingaside.
Suchrightshallbeextinguishedifitisnotexercisedwithinfiveyearsfromthedateoftheactsofthedebtor.
第七十六条合同生效后,当事人不得因姓名、名称的变更或者法定代表人、负责人、承办人的变动而不履行合同义务.
Article76Uponthecontractbecomingeffective,apartytheretomaynotrefuseperformanceofanyofhiscontractualobligationsonthegroundsofchangeofnameorstatutoryrepresentativeorthepersoninchargeortheadministrator.
第五章合同的变更和转让Chapter5VariationandTransferofContracts第七十七条当事人协商一致,可以变更合同.
法律、行政法规规定变更合同应当办理批准、登记等手续的,依照其规定.
Article77Acontractmaybevariedifunanimouslyagreedbytheparties.
Ifanylaworadministrativeregulationprescribesproceduresforapprovalorregistrationofthevariationtoanycontract,suchproceduresshallbecompliedwith.
第七十八条当事人对合同变更的内容约定不明确的,推定为未变更.
Article78Novariationtoacontractshallbepresumedifthevariationagreedbythepartiesisuncertain.
第七十九条债权人可以将合同的权利全部或者部分转让给第三人,但有下列情形之一的除外:(一)根据合同性质不得转让;(二)按照当事人约定不得转让;(三)依照法律规定不得转让.
Article79Acreditormayassignthewholeoranypartofhisrightunderacontracttoathirdparty,exceptthat:(1)bythenatureofthecontract,therightisnotassignable;(2)byagreementbetweenthepartiessuchrightshallnotbeassigned;(3)theassignmentoftherightisnotallowedbylaw.
第八十条债权人转让权利的,应当通知债务人.
未经通知,该转让对债务人不发生效力.
债权人转让权利的通知不得撤销,但经受让人同意的除外.
Article80Acreditorassigninghisrightshallgivenoticetothedebtor.
Anassignmentoftherightisnotbindingonadebtornothavingbeengivennotice.
Exceptwiththeagreementoftheassignee,anoticeofassignmentofrightgivenbyacreditormaynotberevoked.
第八十一条债权人转让权利的,受让人取得与债权有关的从权利,但该从权利专属于债权人自身的除外.
Article81Theassigneetowhomacreditorassignshisright,shallacquireanyrightcollateralthereto,exceptthatthecollateralrightispersonaltothecreditor.
第八十二条债务人接到债权转让通知后,债务人对让与人的抗辩,可以向受让人主张.
Article82Uponreceivinganynoticeofassignmentofadebtadebtormayavailhimselfofanydefencewhichhemayhaveagainstthecreditorasassignorandassertsuchdefenceagainsttheassignee.
第八十三条债务人接到债权转让通知时,债务人对让与人享有债权,并且债务人的债权先于转让的债权到期或者同时到期的,债务人可以向受让人主张抵销.
Article83Ifbythetimethedebtorreceivesanoticeofassignmentofdebt,thedebtorhasarightofdebtagainsttheassignor,andsuchrightofdebtisdueandpayablenotlaterthantheassigneddebt,thedebtorshallbeentitledtosetoffsuchdebtagainsttheassignee.
第八十四条债务人将合同的义务全部或者部分转移给第三人的,应当经债权人同意.
Article84Thedebtorshallobtainthecreditor'spriorconsentwhenassigninghiscontractualobligationsinwholeorinparttoathirdparty.
第八十五条债务人转移义务的,新债务人可以主张原债务人对债权人的抗辩.
Article85Uponthedebtorassigninghisobligations,thenewdebtormayavailhimselfofthedefenceoftheoriginaldebtoragainstthecreditor.
第八十六条债务人转移义务的,新债务人应当承担与主债务有关的从债务,但该从债务专属于原债务人自身的除外.
Article86Uponthedebtorassigninghisobligations,thenewdebtorshallassumeanyobligationscollateraltotheprincipalobligation,exceptthatsuchcollateralobligationsarepersonaltotheoriginaldebtor.
第八十七条法律、行政法规规定转让权利或者转移义务应当办理批准、登记等手续的,依照其规定.
Article87Theassignmentofrightsorobligationsshallbesubjecttotheapprovalorregistrationifitissorequiredbythelawsoradministrativeregulations.
第八十八条当事人一方经对方同意,可以将自己在合同中的权利和义务一并转让给第三人.
Article88Withtheconsentoftheotherparty,apartymayassignbothhiscontractualrightsandobligationssimultaneouslytoathirdparty.
第八十九条权利和义务一并转让的,适用本法第七十九条、第八十一条至第八十三条、第八十五条至第八十七条的规定.
Article89ThesimultaneousassignmentoftherightsandobligationsshallbesubjecttotherespectiveprovisionsofArticle79,Articles81to83,andArticles85to87ofthisAct.
第九十条当事人订立合同后合并的,由合并后的法人或者其他组织行使合同权利,履行合同义务.
当事人订立合同后分立的,除债权人和债务人另有约定的以外,由分立的法人或者其他组织对合同的权利和义务享有连带债权,承担连带债务.
Article90Ifaftertheconclusionofacontract,apartytheretomergedwithanotherentity,thecontractualrightsandobligationsofthepartyunderthecontractshallbeexercisedandbornebysuchamalgamatedentity,beitalegalpersonorotherwise.
Ifaftertheconclusionofacontract,apartytheretosplitup,theentitiesarisingtherefromshallbearthecontractualrightsandobligationsjointlyandseverally,subjectasagreedbythecreditoranddebtor.
第六章合同的权利义务终止Chapter6TerminationoftheRightsandObligationsofContracts第九十一条有下列情形之一的,合同的权利义务终止:(一)债务已经按照约定履行;(二)合同解除;(三)债务相互抵销;(四)债务人依法将标的物提存;(五)债权人免除债务;(六)债权债务同归于一人;(七)法律规定或者当事人约定终止的其他情形.
Article91Therightsandobligationsunderacontractshallbeterminatedif:(1)theobligationshavebeenperformedasagreed;(2)thecontracthasbeenrescinded;(3)theobligationshavebeenset-off;(4)thedebtorhasinaccordancewiththelawskeptsubjectmatterincustody;(5)thecreditorhaswaiveddebtsowingtohim;(6)therightsandobligationshavebeenundertakenbythesameperson;(7)othercircumstancesforsuchterminationasstipulatedbylaworagreedbytheparties.
第九十二条合同的权利义务终止后,当事人应当遵循诚实信用原则,根据交易习惯履行通知、协助、保密等义务.
Article92Aftertheterminationofthecontractualrightsandobligations,thepartiesshallperformtheirrespectivesurvivingobligationsinparticulargivingnotices,renderingassistanceandobservingconfidentialityingoodfaithandinaccordancewithtradecustoms.
第九十三条当事人协商一致,可以解除合同.
当事人可以约定一方解除合同的条件.
解除合同的条件成就时,解除权人可以解除合同.
Article93Thepartiesmaybymutualagreementrescindthecontract.
Thepartiesmayagreeontheconditionsforapartytorescindthecontract.
Upontheconditionsforrescissionofacontracthavingbeensatisfied,thepartywithsuchrightmayrescindthecontract.
第九十四条有下列情形之一的,当事人可以解除合同:(一)因不可抗力致使不能实现合同目的;(二)在履行期限届满之前,当事人一方明确表示或者以自己的行为表明不履行主要债务;(三)当事人一方迟延履行主要债务,经催告后在合理期限内仍未履行;(四)当事人一方迟延履行债务或者有其他违约行为致使不能实现合同目的;(五)法律规定的其他情形.
Article94Eitherpartymayrescindthecontractunderanyofthefollowingcircumstances:(1)Duetoforcemajeure,thepurposesascontemplatedbythecontractcannotbeachieved;(2)Beforeexpirationofthetimeforperformance,theotherpartyindicatesexpresslyorbywayofconductthathewillnotperformhisprincipalobligations;(3)Theotherpartydelaysinperforminghisprincipalobligationsandafterbeingurgedfailstoperformthesamewithinareasonabletime;(4)Theotherpartydelaysinperforminghisobligationsorcommitsanyotherbreachofthecontractsothatthepurposesascontemplatedbythecontractcannotbeachieved;(5)Anyothercircumstanceasprovidedbylaw.
第九十五条法律规定或者当事人约定解除权行使期限,期限届满当事人不行使的,该权利消灭.
法律没有规定或者当事人没有约定解除权行使期限,经对方催告后在合理期限内不行使的,该权利消灭.
Article95Therightofrecissionshallbeextinguishedifitisnotexercisedwithinthetimelimitasprovidedbylaworagreedbytheparties.
Incasethelawdoesnotstipulateorthepartieshavenotagreedonthetimeforrecission,therightofrecissionbyonepartyshallbeextinguishedif,afterbeingurgedbytheotherparty,suchrightisnotexercisedwithinareasonabletime.
第九十六条当事人一方依照本法第九十三条第二款、第九十四条的规定主张解除合同的,应当通知对方.
合同自通知到达对方时解除.
对方有异议的,可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构确认解除合同的效力.
法律、行政法规规定解除合同应当办理批准、登记等手续的,依照其规定.
Article96Forrescindingthecontractaccordingtotheprovisionsinparagraph2ofArticle93andArticle94ofthisAct,apartyshallgivenoticetotheotherparty.
Thecontractshallberescindedwhenthenoticeisdeliveredtotheotherparty.
Iftheotherpartyobjects,hemayapplytoapeople'scourtoranarbitralinstitutiontodeterminetheeffectofsuchrescission.
Therecissionofcontractshallbesubjecttotheapprovalorregistrationifitissorequiredbythelawsoradministrativeregulations.
第九十七条合同解除后,尚未履行的,终止履行;已经履行的,根据履行情况和合同性质,当事人可以要求恢复原状、采取其他补救措施、并有权要求赔偿损失.
Article97Afterrecissionofthecontract,performanceofanyoftheobligationsonapartytobeperformedshallnolongerberequired.
Howeverifanyobligationshavealreadybeenperformedbyoneparty,withoutprejudicetohisrighttoseekcompensationforlosseshemayrequestthatrestorationorotherremedialmeasurebetakendependingonthecircumstanceoftheperformanceandthenatureofthecontract.
第九十八条合同的权利义务终止,不影响合同中结算和清理条款的效力.
Article98Theterminationofthecontractualrightsandobligationsshallnotaffectthevalidityoftheprovisionsforsettlementofliabilities,andcounting,valuationanddisposalthereof.
第九十九条当事人互负到期债务,该债务的标的物种类、品质相同的,任何一方可以将自己的债务与对方的债务抵销,但依照法律规定或者按照合同性质不得抵销的除外.
当事人主张抵销的,应当通知对方.
通知自到达对方时生效.
抵销不得附条件或者附期限.
Article99Ifthepartiesbeartoeachothertheirrespectivedebtsdueandpayable,andsuchdebtsareofthesamekindandquality,anypartymayset-offhisowndebtagainstthatoftheotherpartyexceptthatsuchset-offisnotpermittedbylaworbythenatureofthecontract.
Apartyseekingtoset-offsuchdebtsshallgivenoticetotheotherparty.
Anoticeshallbeeffectiveuponitsdeliverytotheotherparty.
Theset-offshallbemadewithoutanyconditionortimeframe.
第一百条当事人互负债务,标的物种类、品质不相同的,经双方协商一致,也可以抵销.
Article100Ifthepartiesbeartoeachothertheirrespectivedebtsdueandpayable,andsuchdebtsareofdifferentkindandquality,thepartiesmaysetofftheirdebtsbymutualagreement.
第一百零一条有下列情形之一,难以履行债务的,债务人可以将标的物提存:(一)债权人无正当理由拒绝受领;(二)债权人下落不明;(三)债权人死亡未确定继承人或者丧失民事行为能力未确定监护人;(四)法律规定的其他情形.
标的物不适于提存或者提存费用过高的,债务人依法可以拍卖或者变卖标的物,提存所得的价款.
Article101Thedebtor,findinghimselfbeingpreventedfromdischargeofhisobligationsinanyofthefollowingcircumstances,maykeepthesubjectmatterincustody:(1)Thecreditorrefusestoacceptthesubjectmatterwithoutvalidreasons;(2)Thewhereaboutsofthecreditorareunknown;(3)Thecreditorhasdiedandthereisnosuccessorintitlehavingbeenappointed,orthecreditorhaslosthiscapacityforcivilconductandaguardianforhimhasnotbeenappointed;(4)Anyothercircumstancesasprovidedbylaw.
Ifthesubjectmatterisnotsuitableforkeepingincustodyorthecustodyexpensesareexcessive,thedebtormay,subjecttolaw,auctionorsellthesubjectmatterandkeeptheproceedsincustody.
第一百零二条标的物提存后,除债权人下落不明的以外,债务人应当及时通知债权人或者债权人的继承人、监护人.
Article102Uponthesubjectmatterbeingkeptincustody,thedebtorshall,unlessthecreditor'swhereaboutsareunknown,promptlynotifythecreditororhissuccessorintitleorhisguardian.
第一百零三条标的物提存后,毁损、灭失的风险由债权人承担.
提存期间,标的物的孳息归债权人所有.
提存费用由债权人负担.
Article103Uponthesubjectmatterbeingkeptincustody,theriskofdamageandlossestothesubjectmattershallbebornebythecreditor.
Anybenefitsfromthesubjectmattersokept,shallbelongtothecreditor.
Theexpensesforcustodyshallbebornebythecreditor.
第一百零四条债权人可以随时领取提存物,但债权人对债务人负有到期债务的,在债权人未履行债务或者提供担保之前,提存部门根据债务人的要求应当拒绝其领取提存物.
债权人领取提存物的权利,自提存之日起五年内不行使而消灭,提存物扣除提存费用后归国家所有.
Article104Thecreditormayatanytimetakedeliveryofthesubjectmatterkeptincustody;providedthatifcreditorowestothedebtoranyobligations,theescrowagentshallasthedebtormayrequire,refusetoentertaintheclaimbythecreditorbeforeperformanceofhisobligationsorprovidingaguarantee.
Therightofthecreditortotakingdeliveryofanysubjectmatterkeptincustodyshallbeextinguishedifnotexercisedwithin5yearsasfromthedateofkeeping,andthesubjectmattershallthenbeforfeitedtotheStatewithdeductionoftheexpensesincurredforcustody.
第一百零五条债权人免除债务人部分或者全部债务的,合同的权利义务部分或者全部终止.
Article105Iftheperformanceoftheobligationsonthepartofthedebtoriswaivedbythecreditorwhollyorinpart,thecontractualrightsandobligationsofthedebtortotheextentofthewaivershallbeterminated.
第一百零六条债权和债务同归于一人的,合同的权利义务终止,但涉及第三人利益的除外.
Article106Ifthecontractualrightsandobligationsareundertakenbyonesameperson,suchrightsandobligationsshallbeextinguished,exceptthosethatinvolvethirdpartyinterest.
第七章违约责任Chapter7LiabilityforBreachofContract第一百零七条当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定的,应当承担继续履行、采取补救措施或者赔偿损失等违约责任.
Article107Ifapartyfailstoperformhiscontractualobligationsorhisperformanceisnotincompliancewiththeagreedterms,heisinbreachofcontractandshallbeliabletocontinueperformance,takeremedialmeasures,payfordamages,orotherwise.
第一百零八条当事人一方明确表示或者以自己的行为表明不履行合同义务的,对方可以在履行期限届满之前要求其承担违约责任.
Article108Ifonepartyexpressesmanifestlyorindicatesbyhisconductthathewillnotperformhiscontractualobligations,theotherpartymaybeforethedeadlineforperformancedemandthedefaultingpartytobeartheliabilityforbreach.
第一百零九条当事人一方未支付价款或者报酬的,对方可以要求其支付价款或者报酬.
Article109Ifonepartyfailstopaythepriceorremuneration,theotherpartymaydemandthedefaultingpartytomakesuchpayments.
第一百一十条当事人一方不履行非金钱债务或者履行非金钱债务不符合约定的,对方可以要求履行,但有下列情形之一的除外:(一)法律上或者事实上不能履行;(二)债务的标的不适于强制履行或者履行费用过高;(三)债权人在合理期限内未要求履行.
Article110Ifonepartyfailstoperformanon-monetaryobligationorperformsanon-monetaryobligationnotaccordingtotheagreedterms,theotherpartymaydemandperformanceexceptinanyofthefollowingcases:(1)Performancecannotbemadebylawornotpractical;(2)Thesubjectmatteroftheobligationisnotsuitableforspecificperformanceortheexpenseforperformanceisexcessive;(3)Thecreditorfailstoseekperformancewithinareasonabletime.
第一百一十一条质量不符合约定的,应当按照当事人的约定承担违约责任.
对违约责任没有约定或者约定不明确,依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的,受损害方根据标的的性质以及损失的大小,可以合理选择要求对方承担修理、更换、重作、退货、减少价款或者报酬等违约责任.
Article111Theliabilityforbreachoftheagreedtermsinrespectofqualityshallbebornebythedefaultingpartyasagreed.
IfthereisnoagreementonliabilityforsuchbreachoranyagreementinthisregardisunclearandcannotbeascertainedunderArticle61ofthisAct,theaggrievedpartymay,havingregardtothenatureofthesubjectmatterandtheextentofdamages,requirethedefaultingpartyforrepair,replacement,re-production,orrejectthegoodsorreducethepriceorremuneration.
第一百一十二条当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定的,在履行义务或者采取补救措施后,对方还有其他损失的,应当赔偿损失.
Article112Ifapartyfailstoperformhiscontractualobligationsorhisperformanceisnotinlinewiththeagreedterms,heshallpayfurtherlossessustainedbytheotherpartyeventhoughhehasmadegoodhisdefaultortakenremedialmeasures.
第一百一十三条当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定,给对方造成损失的,损失赔偿额应当相当于因违约所造成的损失,包括合同履行后可以获得的利益,但不得超过违反合同一方订立合同时预见到或者应当预见到的因违反合同可能造成的损失.
经营者对消费者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,依照《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》的规定承担损害赔偿责任.
Article113Ifonepartyfailstoperformhiscontractualobligationsorhisperformanceisnotinlinewiththeagreedtermstherebycausingdamagetotheotherparty,thequantumofdamagesshallbeequivalenttothelossescausedbythebreachincludingbenefitsthatwouldhavebeenmadehadthecontractbeenperformed;providedthatthedamagesshallnotexceedthelossesforeseeableoroughttohavebeenforeseenbythedefaultingpartyupontheconclusionofthecontract.
Abusinessoperatordefraudinganyconsumerinthesupplyofanygoodsorservices,shallbeliabletopaydamagestotheconsumerinaccordancewiththeActofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaontheProtectionofConsumerRightsandInterests.
第一百一十四十条当事人可以约定一方违约时应当根据违约情况向对方支付一定数额的违约金,也可以约定因违约产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法.
约定的违约金低于造成的损失的,当事人可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以增加;约定的违约金过分高于造成的损失的,当事人可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以适当减少.
当事人就迟延履行约定违约金的,违约方支付违约金后,还应当履行债务.
Article114Thepartiesmayagreethatifandwhenapartycommitsabreach,heshallpayliquidateddamagesasagreedaccordingtotheextentofthebreach,andthepartiesmayalsoagreeontheassessmentofdamagesarisingfromthebreach.
Apartymayapplytoapeople'scourtoranarbitrationinstitutionforanincreaseiftheagreedliquidateddamagesarelessthantheactuallosses;similarlyapartymayapplytoapeople'scourtoranarbitrationinstitutionforanappropriatereductioniftheagreedliquidateddamagesmanifestlyexceedtheactuallosses.
Ifthepartieshaveagreedonliquidateddamagestopurgethebreachoflateperformancebyoneparty,thedefaultingpartyshallcontinuetoperformhisobligationsafterpaymentofsuchdamagestotheinnocentparty.
第一百一十五条当事人可以依照《中华人民共和国担保法》约定一方向对方给付定金作为债权的担保.
债务人履行债务后,定金应当抵作价款或者收回.
给付定金的一方不履行约定的债务的,无权要求还返定金;收受定金的一方不履行约定的债务的,应当双倍返还定金.
Article115PursuanttotheGuaranteeActofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,thepartiesmayagreeonthepaymentofadepositbyonepartytotheotherassecurityforliabilities.
Afterthepartyhasperformedtheobligationsonhisparttobeperformed,thedepositshallbereturnedtohimoroffsetagainstthepricedueandpayablebyhim.
Ifuponhispaymentofthedepositthepartyfailstoperformhisobligationsasagreed,heshallhavenorighttoclaimfortherefundofthedeposit.
Ifhavingreceivedthedepositfromaparty,theotherpartyfailstoperformhisobligationsunderthecontract,heshallrefunddoubleofthedeposittothepartywhohaspaidthedeposit.
第一百一十六条当事人既约定违约金,又约定定金的,一方违约时,对方可以选择适用违约金或者定金条款.
Article116Ifthepartiesagreeontheamountofliquidateddamagesanddeposit,intheeventofonepartycommittingabreachtheotherpartymayelecttoapplytheprovisionsrelatingtoliquidateddamagesordeposit.
第一百一十七条因不可抗力不能履行合同的,根据不可抗力的影响,部分或者全部免除责任,但法律另有规定的除外.
当事人迟延履行后发生不可抗力的,不能免除责任.
本法所称不可抗力,是指不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的客观情况.
Article117Incasethecontractcannotbeperformedforreasonsofforcemajeure,thepartiesshallbeexemptedfromtheirrespectiveliabilitieswhollyorinpartdependingontheextentoftheforcemajeure,unlessthelawprovidesotherwise.
Howeverthepartywhodelaysinperformancebeforetheoccurrenceofforcemajeure,shallnotbeexemptedfromhisliabilities.
ForcemajeureasreferredtointhisActmeansextraneouscircumstancesthatareunforeseeable,unavoidableandinsurmountable.
第一百一十八条当事人一方因不可抗力不能履行合同的,应当及时通知对方,以减轻可能给对方造成的损失,并应当在合理期限内提供证明.
Article118Apartyunabletoperformacontractowingtoforcemajeureshallpromptlynotifytheotherpartyofsucheventsoastominimizeanylossesthatmaybesustainedbytheotherparty,andthepartyshallprovetotheotherpartytheforcemajeurewithinareasonabletime.
第一百一十九条当事人一方违约后,对方应当采取适当措施防止损失的扩大;没有采取适当措施致使损失扩大的,不得就扩大的损失要求赔偿.
当事人因防止损失扩大而支出的合理费用,由违约方承担.
Article119Incaseonepartycommitsabreachoftheagreement,theotherpartyshalltakeappropriatemeasurestominimizehislosses;iftheotherpartyfailstotakepropermeasuressothatthelossesarenotminimized,heshallnotbeentitledtoclaimdamagesforthelossessoaggravated.
Expensesincurredreasonablybytheinnocentpartytominimizehislossesshallbebornebythedefaultingparty.
第一百二十条当事人双方都违反合同的,应当各自承担相应的责任.
Article120Ifbothpartiesareinbreachofthecontract,theyshalleachbeartheirowncorrespondingliabilities.
第一百二十一条当事人一方因第三人的原因造成违约的,应当向对方承担违约责任.
当事人一方和第三人之间的纠纷,依照法律规定或者按照约定解决.
Article121Apartyshallbeliabletotheotherpartyforbreachofthecontractasaresultofawrongfulactofathirdparty.
Insuchcasethedisputebetweenthedefaultingpartyandthethirdpartyshallberesolvedseparatelyaccordingtolaworbyagreement.
第一百二十二条因当事人一方的违约行为,侵害对方人身、财产权益的,受损害方有权选择依照本法要求其承担违约责任或者依照其他法律要求其承担侵权责任.
Article122Ifthebreachofagreementbyonepartyinfringesthepersonalorpropertyrightoftheotherparty,theinjuredpartymayclaimbyelectioneitherdamagesforbreachofcontractunderthisActoragainstsuchinfringementunderanyotherlaws.
第八章其他规定Chapter8MiscellaneousProvisions第一百二十三条其他法律对合同另有规定的,依照其规定.
Article123Ifthecontractissubjecttoanyprovisionsunderotherlaws,suchprovisionsshallapply.
第一百二十四条本法分则或者其他法律没有明文规定的合同,适用本法总则的规定,并可以参照本法分则或者其他法律最相类似的规定.
Article124AcontractnotexplicitlycoveredbythespecificprovisionsofthisActorbyotherlaws,shallbegovernedbytheGeneralProvisionsofthisAct,withreferencetothemostsimilarprovisionsofeitherthisActorotherlaws.
第一百二十五条当事人对合同条款的理解有争议的,应当按照合同所使用的词句、合同的有关条款、合同的目的、交易习惯以及诚实信用原则,确定该条款的真实意思.
合同文本采用两种以上文字订立并约定具有同等效力的,对各文本使用的词句推定具有相同含义.
各文本使用的词句不一致的,应当根据合同的目的予以解释.
Article125Ifthemeaningofanytermsofthiscontractisdisputedbytheparties,thetruemeaningofsuchtermsshallbeinterpretedingoodfaithbyreferencetothewordsandexpressionsusedinsuchterms,relevantprovisionsinthecontract,theobjectsofthecontractandthetradepracticeconcerned.
Ifcopiesofacontractaremadeintwoormorelanguageswithequaleffect,thewordsandexpressionsusedinthesamecontextofthecopiesshallbepresumedtohavethesamemeaning.
Incasethewordsandexpressionssousedarenotconsistentinmeaning,theyshallbeinterpretedinlightoftheobjectsofthecontract.
第一百二十六条涉外合同的当事人可以选择处理合同争议所适用的法律,但法律另有规定的除外.
涉外合同的当事人没有选择的,适用与合同有最密切联系的国家的法律.
在中华人民共和国境内履行的中外合资经营企业合同、中外合作经营企业合同、中外合作勘探开发自然资源合同,适用中华人民共和国法律.
Article126Thepartiestoacontractwithforeignelementmayagreetoelectthegoverninglawforresolvingtheircontractualdisputes,exceptstipulatedotherwisebythelaw.
Ifthepartiestoacontractwithforeignelementhavenotmadeachoiceofgoverninglaw,thelawofthecountrywithwhichthecontracthastheclosestconnectionshallapply.
ThelawsofthePeople'sRepublicofChinashallapplyforSino-foreignequityjointventurecontracts,Sino-foreignco-operativejointventurecontracts,andSino-foreignco-operativeexplorationanddevelopmentofnaturalresourcescontracts,thataremeanttobeperformedwithintheterritoryofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.
第一百二十七条工商行政管理部门和其他有关行政主管部门在各自的职权范围内,依照法律、行政法规的规定,对利用合同危害国家利益、社会公共利益的违法行为,负责监督处理;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任.
Article127TheAdministrationofIndustryandCommerceandotherrelevantadministrativeauthoritiesshall,withinthescopeoftheirrespectivefunctionsandpowersinaccordancewithprovisionsofthelawsandadministrativeregulations,monitoranddealwithanyunlawfulconductbywayofcontractprejudicialanddetrimentaltotheinterestsofthestateorpublic.
Ifsuchconductamountstoacrime,criminalresponsibilityshallbepursuedaccordingtolaw.
第一百二十八条当事人可以通过和解或者调解解决合同争议.
当事人不愿和解、调解或者和解、调解不成的,可以根据仲裁协议向仲裁机构申请仲裁.
涉外合同的当事人可以根据仲裁协议向中国仲裁机构或者其他仲裁机构申请仲裁.
当事人没有订立仲裁协议或者仲裁协议无效的,可以向人民法院起诉.
当事人应当履行发生法律效力的判决、仲裁裁决、调解书;拒不履行的,对方可以请求人民法院执行.
Article128Anycontractualdisputeswouldberesolvedbythepartiesthroughconciliationormediation.
Ifconciliationormediationisrejectedorwithoutsettlement,thepartiesmayreferthedisputetoanarbitralinstitutionforarbitrationinaccordancewithanyarbitrationagreement.
ThepartiestoacontractwithforeignelementsmayaccordingtotheirarbitrationagreementapplytoaChinesearbitrationinstitutionorotherarbitrationinstitutionsforarbitration.
Ifthereisnoarbitrationagreementorifthearbitrationagreementisnullandvoid,eitherpartymayinstituteproceedingsbeforeapeople'scourt.
Thepartiesareboundbyandshallobserveandperformalljudgments,arbitrationawardsormediationsettlements.
Ifapartyrefusestheexecutionthereof,theotherpartymayapplytoapeople'scourtforenforcement.
第一百二十九条因国际货物买卖合同和技术进出口合同争议提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的期限为四年,自当事人知道或者应当知道其权利受到侵害之日起计算.
因其他合同争议提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的期限,依照有关法律的规定.
Article129Nolitigationorarbitrationforcontractualdisputesrelatingtointernationalsalesofgoodsorimportandexportoftechnologyshallbeinstitutedbeyondfouryearsfromthedatewhenthepartyknowsoroughttohaveknownhiscauseofaction.
Thelimitationperiodforlitigationorarbitrationregardingothercontractualdisputesshallbeinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftherelevantlaws.
分则SpecialContracts第九章买卖合同Chapter9ContractforSaleandPurchase第一百三十条买卖合同是出卖人转移标的物的所有权于买受人,买受人支付价款的合同.
Article130Acontractforsaleandpurchasemeansacontractwherebythesellertransferstothebuyerthetitleofthesubjectmatterandthebuyerpaysfortheprice.
第一百三十一条买卖合同的内容除依照本法第十二条的规定以外,还可以包括包装方式、检验标准和方法、结算方式、合同使用的文字及其效力等条款.
Article131SubjecttotheprovisionsofarticlesstipulatedinArticle12ofthisAct,acontractforsaleandpurchasemayincludesuchtermsandconditionsaspackaging,standardandmethodofinspection,modeofpayment,languageofthetextandlegaleffectthereof.
第一百三十二条出卖的标的物,应当属于出卖人所有或者出卖人有权处分.
法律、行政法规禁止或者限制转让的标的物,依照其规定.
Article132Thesubjectmatterbeingsoldshallbelongtothesellerorthesellerhastherighttodisposeofit.
Ifthetransferofanysubjectmatterisprohibitedorrestrictedbylaworadministrativeregulations,suchprovisionsshallprevail.
第一百三十三条标的物的所有权自标的物交付时起转移,但法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外.
Article133Upondelivery,thetitletoasubjectmattershallbetransferredtothebuyerunlessotherwisestipulatedbylaworagreedbytheparties.
第一百三十四条当事人可以在买卖合同中约定买受人未履行支付价款或者其他义务的,标的物的所有权属于出卖人.
Article134Thepartiesmayagreeinacontractforsaleandpurchasethatthetitletothesubjectmattershallremainwiththeselleruntilthebuyerhaspaidthepriceorperformedotherobligationsthereunder.
第一百三十五条出卖人应当履行向买受人交付标的物或者交付提取标的物的单证,并转移标的物所有权的义务.
Article135Inperformingthecontract,thesellershalldelivertothebuyerthesubjectmatterordocumentfortakingdeliveryofthesame,andtransfertothebuyerthetitletothesubjectmatter.
第一百三十六条出卖人应当按照约定或者交易习惯向买受人交付提取标的物单证以外的有关单证和资料.
Article136Pursuanttotheagreementortradecustoms,thesellershalldelivertothebuyertherelevantdocumentsandinformationinadditiontothedeliverydocuments.
第一百三十七条出卖具有知识产权的计算机软件等标的物的,除法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的以外,该标的物的知识产权不属于买受人.
Article137Uponsaleofthesubjectmattersuchascomputersoftware,nointellectualpropertyrightsattachedtheretoshallbepassedtothebuyerunlessotherwiseprovidedbylaworagreementbetweentheparties.
第一百三十八条出卖人应当按照约定的期限交付标的物.
约定交付期间的,出卖人可以在该交付期间内的任何时间交付.
Article138Thesubjectmattershallbedeliveredbytheselleratthetimefordeliveryasagreed.
Ifdeliveryisagreedtobemadewithinaperiodoftime,thesellermayeffectdeliveryatanytimewithinsuchperiod.
第一百三十九条当事人没有约定标的物的交付期限或者约定不明确的,适用本法第六十一条、第六十二条第四项的规定.
Article139Ifthereisnoagreementbetweenthepartiesonthetimefordeliveryofthesubjectmatterortheagreementrelatingtheretoisuncertain,theprovisionsunderArticle61andArticle62(4)ofthisActshallapply.
第一百四十条标的物在订立合同之前已为买受人占有的,合同生效的时间为交付时间.
Article140Ifthesubjectmatterisalreadyinthepossessionofthebuyerbeforethecontractismade,thetimewhenthecontracttakeseffectshallbethetimefordelivery.
第一百四十一条出卖人应当按照约定的地点交付标的物.
当事人没有约定交付地点或者约定不明确,依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的,适用下列规定:(一)标的物需要运输的,出卖人应当将标的物交付给第一承运人以运交给买受人;(二)标的物不需要运输,出卖人和买受人订立合同时知道标的物在某一地点的,出卖人应当在该地点交付标的物;不知道标的物在某一地点的,应当在出卖人订立合同时的营业地交付标的物.
Article141Thesubjectmattershallbedeliveredbythesellerattheplaceasagreed.
Ifthereisnoagreementastotheplaceofdelivery,ortheagreementrelatingtheretoisuncertain,northeplacecanbedeterminedbyapplyingtheprovisionsofArticle61ofthisAct,thefollowingprovisionsshallapply:(1)Iftransportationofthesubjectmatterisrequired,thesellershalldeliverthesubjectmattertothefirstcarrierfordeliverytothebuyer;(2)Iftransportationofthesubjectmatterisnotrequired,andthepartiesatthetimeofmakingthecontractareawareofthelocationofthesubjectmatter,thesellershalldeliverthesubjectmatteratthatlocation.
Ifatthetimeofmakingthecontract,thelocationofthesubjectmatterisuncertaintotheparties,thebusinessplaceoftheselleratthetimeofmakingthecontractshallbetheplacefordelivery.
第一百四十二条标的物毁损、灭失的风险,在标的物交付之前由出卖人承担,交付之后由买受人承担,但法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外.
Article142Theriskofdamageto,lossordestructionofanysubjectmattershallbebornebythesellerbeforedeliveryandbythebuyerafterdelivery,unlessotherwisestipulatedbylaworagreedbytheparties.
第一百四十三条因买受人的原因致使标的物不能按照约定的期限交付的,买受人应当自违反约定之日起承担标的物毁损、灭失的风险.
Article143Ifthebuyerfailstotakedeliveryatthetimeasagreedforreasonknowntohim,heshallbeartherisksofdamageto,lossanddestructionofthesubjectmatterfromthedateofhisbreachofthecontract.
第一百四十四条出卖人出卖交由承运人运输的在途标的物,除当事人另有约定的以外,毁损、灭失的风险自合同成立时起由买受人承担.
Article144Ifthesubjectmatterofthecontractforsaleandpurchaseiscargointransithavingbeengiventoacarrierfortransportation,subjecttoanyagreementbetweentheparties,therisksofdamageto,lossanddestructionofthesubjectmattershallbebornebythebuyerfromthetimewhenthecontractismade.
第一百四十五条当事人没有约定交付地点或者约定不明确,依照本法第一百四十一条第二款第一项的规定标的物需要运输的,出卖人将标的物交付给第一承运人后,标的物毁损、灭失的风险由买受人承担.
Article145Ifthereisnoagreementastotheplaceofdelivery,ortheagreementtheretoisuncertain,whereastransportationisrequireaccordingtotheprovisionsofArticle141-2-1ofthisAct,risksofdamageto,lossanddestructionofthesubjectmattershallbebornebythebuyerafterthesellerhandingoverthesubjectmattertothefirstcarrier.
第一百四十六条出卖人按照约定或者依照本法第一百四十一条第二款第二项的规定将标的物置于交付地点,买受人违反约定没有收取的,标的物毁损、灭失的风险自违反约定之日起由买受人承担.
Article146Ifthesellerhas,asagreedorpursuanttotheprovisionsofArticle141-2-2ofthisAct,deliveredthesubjectmattertotheplaceofdeliverywhereasthebuyerfailstotakedeliveryinbreachoftheagreement,therisksofdamageto,lossanddestructionofthesubjectmattershallbebornebythebuyerfromthedateofthebreach.
第一百四十七条出卖人按照约定未交付有关标的物的单证和资料的,不影响标的物毁损、灭失风险的转移.
Article147Inanycase,thefailureofthesellertodeliverdocumentsandinformationrelatingtothesubjectmatterasagreedshallnotaffectthetransferoftherisksofthedamageto,lossanddestructionofthesubjectmatter.
第一百四十八条因标的物质量不符合质量要求,致使不能实现合同目的的,买受人可以拒绝接受标的物或者解除合同.
买受人拒绝接受标的物或者解除合同的,标的物毁损、灭失的风险由出卖人承担.
Article148Ifthequalityofthesubjectmatterdoesnotsatisfiedwiththerequirementsleadingtonon-compliancewiththespecificationsofthecontract,thebuyermayrejectthesubjectmatterorrescindthecontract.
Upontherejectionofthesubjectmatterortherescissionofthecontractbythebuyer,therisksofdamageto,lossanddestructionofthesubjectmattershallthenbebornebytheseller.
第一百四十九条标的物毁损、灭失的风险由买受人承担的,不影响因出卖人履行债务不符合约定,买受人要求其承担违约责任的权利.
Article149Therightsofthebuyertoholdthesellerliableforbreachofthecontractbecauseofnotperforminghisobligationsonthepartofthesellerasagreed,wouldnotbeaffectedeveniftherisksofdamageto,lossanddestructionofthesubjectmatterisbornebythebuyer.
第一百五十条出卖人就交付的标的物,负有保证第三人不得向买受人主张任何权利的义务,但法律另有规定的除外.
Article150Inrespectofthesubjectmattersodelivered,thesellershallwarranttothebuyerthatnothirdpartyhasanyrighttoclaimagainstthesubjectmatterunlessotherwisestipulatedbylaw.
第一百五十一条买受人订立合同时知道或者应当知道第三人对买卖的标的物享有权利的,出卖人不承担本法第一百五十条规定的义务.
Article151Whenthecontractismade,ifthebuyerknowsoroughttohaveknowntheexistenceofathirdparty'srightonthesubjectmattertobesold,thesellershallnotbeartheliabilityasstipulatedinArticle150ofthisAct.
第一百五十二条买受人有确切证据证明第三人可能就标的物主张权利的,可以中止支付相应的价款,但出卖人提供适当担保的除外.
Article152Withcogentevidencethatathirdpartymaymakeanyclaimagainstthesubjectmatter,thebuyermaywithholdpaymentofthecontractedpriceexceptwhenthesellerprovidesappropriatesurety.
第一百五十三条出卖人应当按照约定的质量要求交付标的物.
出卖人提供有关标的物质量说明的,交付的标的物应当符合该说明的质量要求.
Article153Thesellershalldeliverthesubjectmatterinsatisfactionofthetermsforqualityasagreed,andheshallalsoconfirmthatthesubjectmattersodeliveredshallbeincompliancewiththequalityspecifications.
第一百五十四条当事人对标的物的质量要求没有约定或者约定不明确,依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的,适用本法第六十二条第一项的规定.
Article154Ifthereisnoagreementortheagreementisuncertainastothequalityspecificationsofthesubjectmatter,andsuchspecificationscannotbedeterminedaccordingtotheprovisionsofArticle61ofthisAct,theprovisionsofArticle62(1)ofthisActshallapply.
第一百五十五条出卖人交付的标的物不符合质量要求的,买受人可以依照本法第一百一十一条的规定要求承担违约责任.
Article155Ifthesubjectmatterdeliveredbythesellerfailstoconformtothetermsforqualityasagreed,thebuyermayclaimagainstthesellerforbreachofcontractpursuanttotheprovisionsofArticle111ofthisAct.
第一百五十六条出卖人应当按照约定的包装方式交付标的物.
对包装方式没有约定或者约定不明确,依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的,应当按照通用的方式包装,没有通用方式的,应当采取足以保护标的物的包装方式.
Article156Thesellershalldeliverthesubjectmatterpackedinthemannerasagreed.
Ifthereisnoagreementtothemannerofpackageortheagreementrelatingtheretoisuncertain,norcanitbedeterminedpursuanttotheprovisionsofArticle61ofthisAct,thesubjectmattershallbepackedaccordingtocustomarypractice.
Ifnosuchcustomarypracticeexists,thesubjectmattershallbepackedinsuchamannertoprovidewithsufficientprotection.
第一百五十七条买受人收到标的物时应当在约定的检验期间内检验.
没有约定检验期间的,应当及时检验.
Article157Uponitsreceiptthebuyershallinspectthesubjectmatterwithintheperiodagreed.
Ifnoperiodforinspectionhasbeenagreed,inspectionshallbemadepromptlyuponreceiptofthesubjectmatter.
第一百五十八条当事人约定检验期间的,买受人应当在检验期间内将标的物的数量或者质量不符合约定的情形通知出卖人.
买受人怠于通知的,视为标的物的数量或者质量符合约定.
当事人没有约定检验期间的,买受人应当在发现或者应当发现标的物的数量或者质量不符合约定的合理期间内通知出卖人.
买受人在合理期间内未通知或者自标的物收到之日起两年内未通知出卖人的,视为标的物的数量或者质量符合约定,但对标的物有质量保证期的,适用质量保证期,不适用该两年的规定.
出卖人知道或者应当知道提供的标的物不符合约定的,买受人不受前两款规定的通知时间的限制.
Article158Iftimeforinspectionhasbeenagreed,thebuyershallwithinthespecifiedtimeprovidethesellerwithparticularsofanydeviationinquantityordefectinqualityofthesubjectmatter.
Ifthebuyerfailstoprovidesuchparticulars,thequantityorqualityofthesubjectmattershallbedeemedtocorrespondwiththeagreement.
Ifthereisnoagreementastothetimeforinspection,thebuyershall,withinareasonabletimeafterhehasdiscoveredoroughttohavediscoveredanydeviationinqualityordefectinquantityofthesubjectmatter,givenoticetotheseller.
Ifthebuyerfailstogivenoticetothesellerwithinareasonabletimeorfailstogivenoticewithin2yearsafterreceiptofthesubjectmatter,thequantityandqualityofthesubjectmattershallbedeemedtocorrespondwiththecontract,providedthatifthereisawarrantyperiodforthesubjectmatter,thewarrantyshallapplyandthetwo-yearprovisionshallbeinapplicable.
Ifthesellerknowsoroughttohaveknownthatthesubjectmatterdoesnotcorrespondwiththecontract,thebuyershallnotberequiredtogivenoticeasreferredtointhetwoparagraphsabove.
第一百五十九条买受人应当按照约定的数额支付价款.
对价款没有约定或者约定不明确的,适用本法第六十一条、第六十二条第二项的规定.
Article159Thebuyershallpaytheagreedpriceinfull.
Ifthepricehasnotbeenagreedortheagreementisuncertain,Article61andArticle62(2)ofthisActshallapply.
第一百六十条买受人应当按照约定的地点支付价款.
对支付地点没有约定或者约定不明确,依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的,买受人应当在出卖人的营业地支付,但约定支付价款以交付标的物或者交付提取标的物单证为条件的,在交付标的物或者交付提取标的物单证的所在地支付.
Article160Thepriceshallbepaidbythebuyerattheagreedplace.
Iftheplaceofpaymenthasnotbeenagreedortheagreementisuncertain,norcanitbeascertainedunderArticle61ofthisAct,thebuyershallmakepaymentattheplaceofbusinessoftheseller,providedthatifpaymentisconditionalupondeliveryofthesubjectmatterorofthedeliverydocumentthereof,paymentshallthenbemadeattheplaceofdeliveryofthesubjectmatteroritsdeliverydocument.
第一百六十一条买受人应当按照约定的时间支付价款.
对支付时间没有约定或者约定不明确,依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的,买受人应当在收到标的物或者提取标的物单证的同时支付.
Article161Thepriceshallbepaidbythebuyeratthetimeagreed.
Ifthetimeofpaymenthasnotbeenagreed,orsuchagreementisuncertainandcannotbeascertainedunderArticle61ofthisAct,thebuyershallmakepaymentagainsttakingdeliveryofthesubjectmatterorreceivingthedeliverydocumentthereof.
第一百六十二条出卖人多交标的物的,买受人可以接收或者拒绝接收多交的部分.
买受人接收多交部分的,按照合同的价格支付价款;买受人拒绝接收多交部分的,应当及时通知出卖人.
Article162Ifthequantityofthesubjectmattersodeliveredbythesellerisinexcessiveofwhatiscontractedfor,thebuyermayacceptorrefusetoaccepttheexcess.
Abuyeracceptingtheexcessshallpaythepriceatthecontractrate;abuyerrefusingtoaccepttheexcessshallpromptlygivenoticetotheseller.
第一百六十三条标的物在交付之前产生的孳息,归出卖人所有,交付之后产生的孳息,归买受人所有.
Article163Interestaccruedfromthesubjectmatterbeforedeliveryshallbelongtothesellerwhereasinterestaccruedafterdeliveryshallbelongtothebuyer.
第一百六十四条因标的物的主物不符合约定而解除合同的,解除合同的效力及于从物.
因标的物的从物不符合约定被解除的,解除的效力不及于主物.
Article164Ifthecontractisrescindedduetothefactthattheessentialelementsofthesubjectmatterdonotcomplywiththeagreedterms,theeffectoftherescissionshallextendtoallcollateralelements.
Ifthetermsofthecontractrelatingtothecollateralelementsofthesubjectmatterarerevokedbecauseofthecollateralelementsnotcomplyingwiththeagreedterms,theeffectofsuchrevocationshallnotextendtotheessentialelementsofthecontract.
第一百六十五条标的物为数物,其中一物不符合约定的,买受人可以就该物解除,但该物与他物分离使标的物的价值显受损害的,当事人可以就数物解除合同.
Article165Ifthesubjectmatterconsistsofmorethanonearticleandonefailstocomplywiththecontract,thebuyermayelecttodischargetheobligationsunderthecontractasregardsthatarticle,providedthatifsegregationofthatarticlefromtheotherarticleswillresultindistinctdiminutioninthevalueofthesubjectmatter,thepartiesmaydischargetheobligationsunderthecontractfordeliveryofotherarticles.
第一百六十六条出卖人分批交付标的物的,出卖人对其中一批标的物不交付或者交付不符合约定,致使该批标的物不能实现合同目的的,买受人可以就该批标的物解除.
出卖人不交付其中一批标的物或者交付不符合约定,致使今后其他各批标的物的交付不能实现合同目的的,买受人可以就该批以及今后其他各批标的物解除.
买受人如果就其中一批标的物解除,该批标的物与其他各批标的物相互依存的,可以就已经交付和未交付的各批标的物解除.
Article166Ifthesubjectmatteristobedeliveredbyinstallments,thesellerfailstodeliveraninstallmentorthedeliveryofthesamefailstocomplywiththecontract,causingthepurposeofthecontractinrelationtothatinstallmentunachievable,thebuyermaydischargetheobligationsunderthecontractrelatingtothatinstallment.
Ifthesellerfailstomakedeliveryofoneinstallmentorthedeliveryfailstocomplywiththecontract,causingthepurposeofthecontractinrelationtothedeliveryofallfutureinstallmentsunachievable,thebuyermayrescindthewholecontract.
Ifthebuyerdischargestheobligationsunderthecontractinrelationtooneinstallmentwhichisinter-dependentwiththeotherinstallmentsofthesubjectmatter,thebuyermayelecttodischargetheobligationsunderthecontractinrelationtootherinstallmentswhetherornotalreadydelivered.
第一百六十七条分期付款的买受人未支付到期价款的金额达到全部价款的五分之一的,出卖人可以要求买受人支付全部价款或者解除合同.
出卖人解除合同的,可以向买受人要求支付该标的物的使用费.
Article167Ifpaymentistobemadebyinstallments,thebuyerfailstomakeoneinstallmentpaymentwhendueandpayableamountingtoonefifthofthecontractprice,thesellermaydemandthebuyertopayforthwithalltheinstallmentsoutstandingatthetimeofthedefaultinonelumpsumorrescindthecontract.
Ifthesubjectmatterhasbeenusedbythebuyer,thesellerrescindingthecontractmayrequirethebuyertopayforsuchuse.
第一百六十八条凭样品买卖的当事人应当封存样品,并可以对样品质量予以说明.
出卖人交付的标的物应当与样品及其说明的质量相同.
Article168Thepartiestoasalebysampleshallsealupthesampleandmaydescribethequalityofthesample.
Thesubjectmatterdeliveredbythesellershallcorrespondwiththesampleaswellasthedescriptionsofquality.
第一百六十九条凭样品买卖的买受人不知道样品有隐蔽瑕疵的,即使交付的标的物与样品相同,出卖人交付的标的物的质量仍然应当符合同种物的通常标准.
Article169Inacaseofsalebysamplewhereinthebuyerisunawareofanylatentdefectinthesample,notwithstandingthatthesubjectmattersodeliveredbythesellercorrespondswiththesample,thesellershallstillbeliabletodeliverthesubjectmatterinaccordancewithcommonqualitystandardofthesamekind.
第一百七十条试用买卖的当事人可以约定标的物的试用期间.
对试用期间没有约定或者约定不明确,依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的,由出卖人确定.
Article170Incaseofsalebytrialusagethetrialperiodmaybeagreedbytheparties.
Ifthereisnoagreementastothetrialperiod,ortheagreementrelatingtheretoisuncertainandcannotbeascertainedunderArticle61ofthisAct,suchperiodshallthenbedeterminedbytheseller.
第一百七十一条试用买卖的买受人在试用期内可以购买标的物,也可以拒绝购买.
试用期间届满,买受人对是否购买标的物未作表示的,视为购买.
Article171Forthesalebytrialusage,thebuyermaypurchasethesubjectmatterordeclinetopurchasethesameduringthetrialperiod.
Uponexpiryofthetrialperiod,ifthebuyerhasmadenoindicationastothepurchase,thesubjectmattershallbedeemedtohavebeenpurchasedbythebuyer.
第一百七十二条招标投标买卖的当事人的权利和义务以及招标投标程序等,依照有关法律、行政法规的规定.
Article172Incaseofsalebytender,therightsandobligationsofthepartiestheretoandtheprocedurethereofshallbegovernedbytherelevantlawsandadministrativeregulations.
第一百七十三条拍卖的当事人的权利和义务以及拍卖程序等,依照有关法律、行政法规的规定.
Article173Incaseofsalebyauction,therightsandobligationsofthepartiestheretoandtheprocedurethereofshallbegovernedbytherelevantlawsandadministrativeregulations.
第一百七十四条法律对其他有偿合同有规定的,依照其规定;没有规定的,参照买卖合同的有关规定.
Article174Otherspecifiedcontractswithconsiderationshallbesubjecttoprovisionsassetoutbylawrelatingthereto,orotherwiseinaccordancewiththeprovisionsrelatingtocontractsforsaleandpurchasespecifiedbythisAct.
第一百七十五条当事人约定易货交易,转移标的物的所有权的,参照买卖合同的有关规定.
Article175Incaseofbarterwherebythetitlesofthesubjectmattersshallbeexchanged,theprovisionsunderthisActrelatingtocontractsforsaleandpurchaseshallapply.
第十章供用电、水、气、热力合同Chapter10ContractsforSupplyandUseofElectricity,Water,GasorHeating第一百七十六条供用电合同是供电人向用电人供电,用电人支付电费的合同.
Article176Acontractforthesupplyanduseofelectricityisonewherebythesupplierprovideselectricitytotheuserwhopaysforthecharges.
第一百七十七条供用电合同的内容包括供电的方式、质量、时间,用电容量、地址、性质,计量方式,电价、电费的结算方式,供用电设施的维护责任等条款.
Article177Acontractofthesupplyanduseofelectricityshallsetouttermsformode,qualityandtimeofthesupply;capacity,locationandtypeoftheuse,metering,priceandpaymentofcharges;aswellasliabilityformaintenanceoffacilitiesthereof.
第一百七十八条供用电合同的履行地点,按照当事人约定;当事人没有约定或者约定不明确的,供电设施的产权分界处为履行地点.
Article178Thepointofdeliveryunderacontractforthesupplyanduseofelectricityshallbeagreedbytheparties;ifthereisnosuchagreementortheagreementisuncertain,thepointofdeliveryshallbetheexitpointoftheelectricityfacilitiesinstalledwherethepropertyofthesuppliercomestoanend.
第一百七十九条供电人应当按照国家规定的供电质量标准和约定安全供电.
供电人未按照国家规定的供电质量标准和约定安全供电,造成用电人损失的,应当承担损害赔偿责任.
Article179TheelectricitysuppliershallprovideelectricityinasafemannerinaccordancewiththequalityrequirementsprescribedbytheStateandthetermsagreed.
Indefault,thesupplershallbeheldliableforanylossanddamagesosustainedbytheuser.
第一百八十条供电人因供电设施计划检修、临时检修、依法限电或者用电人违法用电等原因,需要中断供电时,应当按照国家有关规定事先通知用电人.
未事先通知用电人中断供电,造成用电人损失的,应当承担损害赔偿责任.
Article180TheelectricitysuppliershallgivepriornoticetotheuserasprescribedbytheStateforanynecessarysuspensionofthesupplyduetoroutinemaintenanceoremergencyrepairs,orcurtailmentofsupplyinaccordancewiththelaws,orcausedbyunlawfuluseoftheuser.
Indefaultofsuchnotice,thesuppliershallbeliableforlossanddamageoccasionedtotheuserbysuchsuspension.
第一百八十一条因自然灾害等原因断电,供电人应当按照国家有关规定及时抢修.
未及时抢修,造成用电人损失的,应当承担损害赔偿责任.
Article181IncaseofpowerfailurecausedbynaturaldisasterorActofGod,theelectricitysuppliershallcarryoutemergencyrepairswithinthetimeasprescribedbytheState.
Omissiontoeffectsuchrepairs,thesuppliershallbeliableforanylossanddamagesufferedbytheuser.
第一百八十二条用电人应当按照国家有关规定和当事人的约定及时交付电费.
用电人逾期不交付电费的,应当按照约定支付违约金.
经催告用电人在合理期限内仍不交付电费和违约金的,供电人可以按照国家规定的程序中止供电.
Article182PunctualpaymentofelectricitychargesshallbemadebytheuserinaccordancewithanyrequirementsoftheStateandthetermsoftheagreement.
Indefaultofpayment,theusershallpaytheliquidateddamagesasagreed.
Ifdespiteofreminderstheelectricitychargesremainunpaid,thesuppliermaysuspendthesupplyinaccordancewiththeproceduresprescribedbytheState.
第一百八十三条用电人应当按照国家有关规定和当事人的约定安全用电.
用电人未按照国家有关规定和当事人的约定安全用电,造成供电人损失的,应当承担损害赔偿责任.
Article183AnelectricityusershalluseelectricityinasafemannerinaccordancewiththerequirementsoftheStateorasagreed.
Indefaulttheusershallbeheldliablefordamagecausedtotheelectricitysupplier.
第一百八十四条供用水、供用气、供用热力合同,参照供用电合同的有关规定.
Article184Referencetotheprovisionsofthecontractforthesupplyanduseofelectricityshallbemadetothecontractforthesupplyanduseofwater,gasandheating.
第十一章赠与合同Chapter11ContractsofGift第一百八十五条赠与合同是赠与人将自己的财产无偿给予受赠人,受赠人表示接受赠与的合同.
Article185Acontractofgiftisonewherebyfornoconsiderationadonortransfershispropertytoadoneewhoacceptsthepropertyasgift.
第一百八十六条赠与人在赠与财产的权利转移之前可以撤销赠与.
具有救灾、扶贫等社会公益、道德义务性质的赠与合同或者经过公证的赠与合同,不适用前款规定.
Article186Beforethetitletothegiftpropertyistransferred,adonormayrevokethegift.
TheprovisionsofthisArticleaboveshallnotapplytoacontractofgiftforpublicbenefitsasdonationorformoralobligationswithregardtothereliefofnaturaldisasterorpoverty,ortoacontractofgiftwhichhasbeennotarized.
第一百八十七条赠与的财产依法需要办理登记等手续的,应当办理有关手续.
Article187Ifgiftofthepropertyisrequiredbylawtoberegistered,therelevantproceduresshallbecompliedwith.
第一百八十八条具有救灾、扶贫等社会公益、道德义务性质的赠与合同或者经过公证的赠与合同,赠与人不交付赠与的财产的,受赠人可以要求交付.
Article188Incaseofacontractofgiftforpublicbenefitsormoralobligationssuchasforthereliefofnaturaldisasterorpoverty,oracontractofgiftwhichhasbeennotarized,thedoneemaydemandfordeliveryofthegiftifthedonorfailstodeliverthesubjectmatterthereof.
第一百八十九条因赠与人故意或者重大过失致使赠与的财产毁损、灭失的,赠与人应当承担损害赔偿责任.
Article189Ifthesubjectmatterofthegiftisdamagedorperishedbyreasonofwillfulormaterialwrongfulactonthepartofdonor,heshallbeheldliablefordamages.
第一百九十条赠与可以附义务.
赠与附义务的,受赠人应当按照约定履行义务.
Article190Agiftmaybemadewithobligations.
Ifagiftismadesubjecttoanyobligations,thedoneeshallperformtheobligationsasagreed.
第一百九十一条赠与的财产有瑕疵的,赠与人不承担责任.
附义务的赠与,赠与的财产有瑕疵的,赠与人在附义务的限度内承担与出卖人相同的责任.
赠与人故意不告知瑕疵或者保证无瑕疵,造成受赠人损失的,应当承担损害赔偿责任.
Article191Thedonorshallnotbeheldliableforanydefectinthegiftproperty.
Ifthegiftismadesubjecttoanyobligationsonthepartofthedonee,thentotheextentofsuchobligations,thedonorshallbeliableforanydefectinthegiftpropertyasifheweretheselleroftheproperty.
Ifadonorknowinglyfailstodisclosethedefectorotherwisewarrantstothedoneethatthereisnodefect,causingdamagetothedonee,thedonorshallbeliablefordamages.
第一百九十二条受赠人有下列情形之一的,赠与人可以撤销赠与:(一)严重侵害赠与人或者赠与人的近亲属;(二)对赠与人有扶养义务而不履行;(三)不履行赠与合同约定的义务.
赠与人的撤销权,自知道或者应当知道撤销原因之日起一年内行使.
Article192Thedonormayrevokethegiftifthedonee:(1)causesgraveharmtothedonororanyofhisnextofkin;(2)failstoperformanyobligationtoprovidemaintenancetothedonor;and(3)failstoperformanyagreedobligationsunderthecontractofgift.
Thedonorhastherighttorescindthecontractofgiftwithinoneyearafterheknowsoroughttohaveknownofthecausegivingrisetotherescission.
第一百九十三条因受赠人的违法行为致使赠与人死亡或者丧失民事行为能力的,赠与人的继承人或者法定代理人可以撤销赠与.
赠与人的继承人或者法定代理人的撤销权,自知道或者应当知道撤销原因之日起六个月内行使.
Article193Ifthedonordiesorloseshiscivilcapacitytoactbecauseoftheunlawfulactofthedonee,thesuccessororstatutorylegalrepresentativeofthedonormayrescindthecontractofgift.
Thesuccessororstatutorylegalrepresentativeofthedonorshallexercisehisrighttorescindwithinsixmonthsafterheknowsoroughttohaveknownthecausethereof第一百九十四条撤销权人撤销赠与的,可以向受赠人要求返还赠与的财产.
Article194Thedonorhavingrescindedthecontractmayrequirethedoneetoreturnthegiftproperty.
第一百九十五赠与人的经济状况显著恶化,严重影响其生产经营或者家庭生活的,可以不再履行赠与义务.
Article195Ifthefinancialconditionofthedonorsubstantiallydeterioratestherebyseriouslyaffectinghisbusinessorthelivelihoodofhisfamily,thedonormayceasetoperformhisobligationsunderthecontractofgift.
第十二章借款合同Chapter12LoanAgreements第一百九十六条借款合同是借款人向贷款人借款,到期返还借款并支付利息的合同.
Article196Aloanagreementisacontractwherebytheborrowerborrowsmoneyfromthelender,andrepaystheloanandintereststhereofinfullonmaturity.
第一百九十七条借款合同采用书面形式,但自然人之间借款另有约定的除外.
借款合同的内容包括借款种类、币种、用途、数额、利率、期限和还款方式等条款.
Article197Aloanagreementshallbeinwriting,exceptthatanagreementbetweenindividualsprovidesotherwise.
Aloanagreementshallcontainprovisionsspecifyingthedetailsoftheloan,includingitscategory,currency,application,amount,rateofinterest,termandmannerofrepayment.
第一百九十八条订立借款合同,贷款人可以要求借款人提供担保.
担保依照《中华人民共和国担保法》的规定.
Article198Inaloanagreement,thelendermayrequiretheborrowertoprovidesecuritywhichshallbegovernedbytheSecurityActofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.
第一百九十九条订立借款合同,借款人应当按照贷款人的要求提供与借款有关的业务活动和财务状况的真实情况.
Article199Inaloanagreementandupondemandofthelender,theborrowershallprovidetruedetailsofhisbusinessactivitiesinconnectionwiththeloanandofhisfinancialconditions.
第二百条借款的利息不得预先在本金中扣除.
利息预先在本金中扣除的,应当按照实际借款数额返还借款并计算利息.
Article200Nointerestshallbedeductedinadvancefromtheprincipaloftheloan.
Ifinterestisdeductedinadvancefromtheprincipal,repaymentoftheloanandinterestshallbecalculatedaccordingtotheactualamountborrowed.
第二百零一条贷款人未按照约定的日期、数额提供借款,造成借款人损失的,应当赔偿损失.
借款人未按照约定的日期、数额收取借款的,应当按照约定的日期、数额支付利息.
Article201Ifalenderfailstoprovidetheloanontheagreeddateorfortheagreedsum,heshallbeliableforanylosssufferedbytheborrower.
Theborrowershallpayinterestasagreed,eventhoughtheagreedsumisnotdrawninfullornotcollectedontheagreeddatebytheborrower.
第二百零二条贷款人按照约定可以检查、监督借款的使用情况.
借款人应当按照约定向贷款人定期提供有关财务会计报表等资料.
Article202Thelendermay,asagreed,checkandoverseetheappropriationoftheloanbytheborrower.
Theborrowershall,asagreed,providethelenderwiththerequiredfinancialandaccountingstatements.
第二百零三条借款人未按照约定的借款用途使用借款的,贷款人可以停止发放借款、提前收回借款或者解除合同.
Article203Iftheborrowerfailstoappropriatetheloanforthespecifiedpurposeasagreed,thelendermaysuspendthereleaseoftheloan,andcallbacktheloanbeforeitsmaturityorrescindtheagreement,asappropriate.
第二百零四条办理贷款业务的金融机构贷款的利率,应当按照中国人民银行规定的贷款利率的上下限确定.
Article204InterestratesofloansshallbefixedbyaqualifiedfinancialinstitutionaslenderwithintherangeassetoutbythePeople'sBankofChina.
第二百零五条借款人应当按照约定的期限支付利息.
对支付利息的期限没有约定或者约定不明确,依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定,借款期间不满一年的,应当在返还借款时一并支付;借款期间一年以上的,应当在每届满一年时支付,剩余期间不满一年的,应当在返还借款时一并支付.
Article205Theborrowershall,asagreed,payinterestwhenbecomingdueandpayable.
Ifthetimeforpaymentoftheinteresthasnotbeenagreedintheloanagreementortheagreementisuncertainforpaymentthereof,norcanitbedeterminedaccordingtotheprovisionsofArticle61ofthisAct,thusforaloanofafixedtermoflessthanoneyear,interestshallbepaidupontherepaymentoftheprincipal.
Ifthetermoftheloanisformorethanoneyear,interestshallbepaidattheendofeachandeveryoneyearterm,andfortheremainingmonthsoftheloan,interestshallbepaiduponfullsettlementoftheloan.
第二百零六条借款人应当按照约定的期限返还借款.
对借款期限没有约定或者约定不明确,依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的,借款人可以随时返还;贷款人可以催告借款人在合理期限内返还.
Article206Theborrowershallrepaytheloanwithinthetimeasagreed.
Ifthereisnoagreementastothetermofrepaymentortheagreementrelatingtheretoisuncertain,norcantherepaymenttermbedeterminedaccordingtotheprovisionsofArticle61ofthisAct,thustheborrowermayrepaytheloanatanytime,whereasthelendermaybywayofnoticedemandtheborrowertorepaytheloanwithinareasonabletime.
第二百零七条借款人未按照约定的期限返还借款的,应当按照约定或者国家有关规定支付逾期利息.
Article207Iftheborrowerfailstorepaytheloanwithinthetimeasagreed,overdueinterest,ifany,shallbepaidbytheborrowerasagreedorinaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsoftheState.
第二百零八条借款人提前偿还借款的,除当事人另有约定的以外,应当按照实际借款的期间计算利息.
Article208Iftheborrowerrepaystheloaninadvance,theinterestpayableshallbecalculatedaccordingtotheactualperiodoftheborrowingunlessagreedotherwisebytheparties.
第二百零九条借款人可以在还款期限届满之前向贷款人申请展期.
贷款人同意的,可以展期.
Article209Theborrowermayrequestthelendertoextendthetermforrepaymentbeforeexpirationandsuchtermmaybeextendedaccordinglyifthelenderagrees.
第二百一十条自然人之间的借款合同,自贷款人提供借款时生效.
Article210Aloanagreementbetweenindividualsshalltakeeffectuponprovisionoffundsbythelender.
第二百一十一条自然人之间的借款合同对支付利息没有约定或者约定不明确的,视为不支付利息.
自然人之间的借款合同约定支付利息的,借款的利率不得违反国家有关限制借款利率的规定.
Article211Ifthereisnoagreementbetweenindividualsastoprovisionforpaymentofinterestforaloanortheagreementrelatingtheretoisuncertain,nointerestshallbedeemedpayable.
Iftheloanagreementbetweenindividualsstipulatespaymentofinterest,theinterestrateshallnotbecontravenedanyprovisionsforrestrictionthereofspecifiedbytheState.
第十三章租赁合同Chapter13HiringContracts第二百一十二条租赁合同是出租人将租赁物交付承租人使用、收益,承租人支付租金的合同.
Article212Ahiringcontractmeansacontractwherebythelendershallletthepropertytoahirerforhisuseandbenefits,andthehirershallpayfortherent.
第二百一十三条租赁合同的内容包括租赁物的名称、数量、用途、租赁期限、租金及其支付期限和方式、租赁物维修等条款.