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UnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyOfficeofPollutionPreventionandToxicsWashington,DC20460EPA747-R-06-002December2006PrintedonRecycledPaper|iChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsAcknowledgementsThetimeandeffortthatmanyindividualscontributedtothereviewanddevelopmentofthisdocumentisgratefullyacknowledgedbytheU.
S.
EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA).
ThisdocumentwaspreparedbyBattelleMemorialInstituteundercontractEP-W-04-021atthedirectionofMr.
ClarenceLewisoftheEPAOfficeofPollutionPreventionandToxics.
DisclaimerThisdocumentwaspreparedundercontracttoanagencyoftheUnitedStatesGovernment.
NeithertheUnitedStatesGovernmentnoranyoftheiremployeesmakesanywarranty,expressedorimplied,orassumesanylegalliabilityforanythirdparty'suseofortheresultsofsuchuseofanyinformation,product,orprocessdiscussedinthisdocument.
Mentionorillustrationofcompanyortradenames,orofcommercialproductsdoesnotconstituteendorsementbytheEPA.
Asofthedateofthisdocument,externallinksarecurrentandaccurate,andareofferedbywayofexampleonlyforreferencepurposes.
TheEPAisnotresponsibleforcontentofnon-EPAlinks.
ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsii|Summary"…Noonewassurewhatchemicalswereinvolvedinthefire[inthefacilitiesmaintenancewarehouseattheschool].
Palletsofbleach,ammoniaandsulfuricacidbaseddraincleanerhadbeenstoredadjacenttoeachother,andrupturingofthechemicalsduringthefirecreatedanacidvaporcloudaswellaschlorineandphosgenegases.
Thetotalcostofthiseventwasabouthalfamilliondollars.
"–FromacasestudyofasuburbanpublichighschoolinNewEngland1ArethereDangerousChemicalsinYourSchoolThesourcesofdangerouschemicalsinschoolsarenotalwaysobvious.
Thisguidanceappliestoanyschoolthatpurchases,uses,stores,ordisposesofchemicalsorproductscontainingdangerousmaterials.
Someofthemostcommondangerouschemicalproductsinschoolsinclude:Laboratorychemicals(e.
g.
,acids,bases,solvents,metals,salts)Industrialartsor"shop"classes(e.
g.
,inks,degreasers)Artsupplies(e.
g.
,paints,photographicchemicals)Pesticides,fertilizers,andde-icersMaintenancesuppliesandequipment(e.
g.
,draincleaners,floorstrippingproducts,paints,oils,boilercleaners,fuels,mercuryswitchesandgauges)Healthcareequipment(e.
g.
,mercurythermometers).
WhoShouldReadThisGuidanceThisdocumentisdesignedprimarilyforschooladministrators(principalsandotherpolicymakers),butmayalsobeofvalueforteachers,maintenancepersonnel,superintendents,schoolbusinessofficials,insuranceindustryriskmanagers,andparents.
WhatCanSchoolsDotoPreventSpillsandCostlyIncidentsofDangerousChemicalsEstablishaleadershipteamconsistingofqualifiedandexperiencedindividualstooverseechemicalmanagementactivitiesandconfirmtheavailabilityofbudgetandresources(SectionIII.
A)Implementpollutionpreventionandgreenchemistry(saferalternatives)principles,wheneverpossible,tominimizetheuseofhazardouschemicalsatschools(SectionIII.
B)Establishachemicalmanagementpolicyandchemicalhygieneplan(SectionIII.
C)Conductperiodicchemicalinventoriestoidentifyhazards(SectionIII.
D)Establishanenvironmentallypreferablepurchasingpolicy(SectionIII.
E)Implementanappropriatechemicalstorageandhandlingpolicy(SectionIII.
F)Establishatrainingprogramforhazardouschemicalsmanagementandsafety(SectionIII.
G)Developahazardcommunicationplantofosterawarenessamongschoolpersonnelandstudentsabouttherangeofchemicalsandproductsusedinschools(SectionIII.
H)Createanemergencyresponseandspillclean-upplanandensurethatallchemicalsaredisposedofinaccordancewithfederal,state,andlocalregulations(SectionIII.
I)|iiiChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsWhereCanIGetAdditionalHelpEachEPARegionalOfficesharescommonchemicalmanagementgoals;eachregionhasitsowncontactpointtobestserveschoolsintheirrespectivestates.
FormoreinformationonEPAprogramsforschools,suchasEPA'sSchoolsChemicalCleanoutCampaign(SC3),legalrequirementsthatschoolsmayface,andwhereyourschoolcanreceiveadditionalhelp,refertothefollowingregionalcontactinformationandwebsitesintheboxbelow.
Localgovernmententitiesthatmaybeabletohelpyourschoolunderstandandaddresschemicalmanagementissues(e.
g.
,treatmentanddisposaloptions)includeLocalEmergencyPlanningCommittees(LEPCs),localhealthdepartments,stateenvironmentaldepartments,andfiredepartments.
Formoreinformationabouthowlocalorganizationscanhelp,visitEPA'sSC3-BusinessesandCommunityOrganizationswebsiteathttp://www.
epa.
gov/sc3/.
CheckItOutEPAResourcesforAdditionalInformationEPA,HealthySchoolEnvironments,http://www.
epa.
gov/schools/EPA'sSchoolsChemicalCleanoutCampaign(SC3),http://www.
epa.
gov/sc3/EPA,WhereYouLive,http://www.
epa.
gov/epahome/whereyoulive.
htmWhatLegalRequirementsDoIHaveSomechemicalspurchasedbyschoolsmayneedtobemanagedashazardouswastesandmayultimatelyrequiredisposalassuch.
Hazardouswastesneedtobemanagedfromtheirinitialpointofgenerationuntiltheirultimatepointofdisposal,knownas"cradletograve.
"TheResourceConservationandRecoveryAct(RCRA)givesEPAtheauthoritytocontrolthegeneration,transportation,treatment,storage,anddisposalofhazardouswaste.
AnyschoolthatgenerateshazardouswastesmustnotifytheirstateenvironmentalagencyandobtainanEPAIdentification(ID)Number.
ThisEPAIDNumbermustbeputonallmanifestsfortrackingdisposalofschoolwastesandmustbesitespecificfortheaddressgiven.
Schoolliabilitydoesnotendwhenthewastesleavetheschool,andschooladministratorsmustmakesuretheyreceiveacopyoftheshippingmanifeststatingthattheirwastesarrivedattheirdestination(e.
g.
,treatment,storage,ordisposalfacility).
LawsandregulationspertainingtoRCRAareavailableathttp://www.
epa.
gov/epaoswer/osw/laws-reg.
htm.
EPA'sHealthySchoolEnvironmentsAssessmentTool(HealthySEAT)providesinformationtohelpdetermineifaschoolissubjecttoFederalOSHArequirementsathttp://www.
epa.
gov/schools/healthyseat/frequentquestions.
htmAlthoughFederalOSHAdoesnothavejurisdictionoverstateandlocalgovernmentemployees,includingthoseinpublicschools,the26statesthatoperateOSHA-approvedStatePlansarerequiredtoextendtheirstatestandardstotheseworkers.
AlistofOSHAState-Planstatesislocatedathttp://www.
cdc.
gov/niosh/docs/2004-101/appena.
html#oshasps.
Eachstate'sprogramsareuniqueandmayhaveadditionalregulationsandrequirements.
InstatesunderFederalOSHAwithoutStatePlans,OSHAhasnoauthoritytoinspectorenforcestandardsinpublicschools;however,thelocalFederalOSHAofficemaybeabletoprovidehazardrecognitionassistanceandtechnicalsupport.
ComplianceassistanceinformationisavailableonOSHA'swebsiteathttp://www.
osha.
gov.
TheNationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth(NIOSH)providesacomprehensivesafetychecklistprogramforschoolsathttp://www.
cdc.
gov/niosh/docs/2004-101/default.
html,whichcontainsrecommendationsanddetailedchecklistsonOSHAregulations,alongwithbackgroundinformationonhowtomakesenseofregulationsthatmaybeapplicabletoschools(http://www.
cdc.
gov/niosh/docs/2004-101/chap1.
html).
Inaddition,EPAmayenforcecertainOSHAstandards,suchasHazardousWasteOperations(29CFR1910.
120)orrelevantEPAstandardsinpublicschools.
InadditiontoFederalrequirements,statesmayhavetheirownlaws.
Legalrequirementsareoftenupdatedandvaryfromstatetostate.
Inmanystates,thehealthandsafetyofpublicemployees,includingteachersandotherschoolstaff,fallunderthejurisdictionofastateagency,suchasthestatedepartmentoflabororcommerce.
Note:Thisdocumentisintendedtoserveasguidanceonlyanddoesnotsupersedeanyfederal,state,orlocallawsandregulations.
ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsiv|TableofContentsPageSummaryiiI.
Overview.
1I.
A.
Introduction.
1I.
B.
OrganizationofthisGuide.
2I.
C.
WhyYouShouldBeConcerned.
3II.
HazardousChemicalsandProductsinSchools4II.
A.
ChemicalsandProductsofConcern.
4II.
B.
ChemicalCategories.
4II.
C.
WhereChemicalsandProductsareFound.
6III.
PoliciesandActions8III.
A.
LeadershipandResources.
8III.
B.
PollutionPreventionandGreenerAlternatives.
9III.
C.
ChemicalandProductManagement.
11III.
D.
ChemicalInventory.
12III.
E.
Purchasing.
13III.
F.
StorageandHandling15III.
G.
Training.
16III.
H.
HazardCommunication17III.
I.
Spills,Cleanup,andDisposal17IV.
SpecialCases20IV.
A.
Arsenic.
20IV.
B.
Asbestos.
20IV.
C.
Lead.
21IV.
D.
Mercury22V.
Conclusion.
24References.
25Appendix.
A-1ChemicalHygieneandManagementPlans.
A-1SampleGuidelinesA-3Checklists.
A-5ChemicalPurchasing,Storage,andDesignGuidelinesA-7UseofChemicalsinSchools.
A-8ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministrators1|I.
OverviewI.
A.
IntroductionFromelementaryschoolmaintenancestorageclosetstohighschoolchemistrylaboratories,schoolshouseavarietyofchemicals.
Manyofthesechemicalsarehazardousandareuseddaily;however,insomecases,thesechemicalshavebeenunusedfordecades.
Ensuringthatthesechemicalsaremanagedproperlywillhelpschooladministratorsto:safeguardthehealthandsafetyofstudentsandschoolemployees;avoiddisposalexpensesandcostlyschoolclosuresassociatedwithspillsandemergencyincidents;maintainasenseoftrustbetweenthedistrictandthesurroundingcommunity;andpreventdamagetotheenvironment.
Schooldistrictsneedsolid,useful,specificrecommendationsandinformationonresponsiblechemicalmanagementtofacilitatetheestablishmentofsounddistrict-levelpoliciesandprocedures.
ThisdocumentisintendedtoaidK-12publicschooldistrictsandprivate,religious,andindependentschoolsandschoolsystempolicymakersinreducingdangerouschemicaluseandimplementingresponsiblechemicalmanagementpractices.
Institutionalizingsuchpracticeswillhelptominimizetheincidenceofchemicalspills,exposures,andemergencyscenariosinschools.
ThisdocumentfocusesonbroadpolicyconsiderationsthatEPArecommendsschooladministratorsconsiderimplementingtoproperlymanageandusealldangerouschemicals.
Parentsandothersinthecommunityinterestedinschoolhealthandsafetypoliciesalsomayusethisbooklettodeterminewhethertheirchildren'sschoolsareeffectivelyminimizingpotentialexposuretodangerouschemicalsandproducts.
ThisdocumentispartofEPA'sHealthySchoolEnvironmentsInitiative.
TheHealthySchoolEnvironmentswebsite(http://www.
epa.
gov/schools/)servesasagatewaytoon-lineresourcestohelpschooladministrators,teachers,facilitymanagersandotherstaff,andparentsaddressenvironmentalhealthissuesinschools.
ThisdocumentisalsoanintegralpartoftheEPASchoolsChemicalCleanoutCampaign(SC3)toolkit.
ThegoalsoftheSC3areto:removepotentiallyharmfulchemicalsfromschools;emphasizetheimplementationofpreventiveprogramssuchaschemicalmanagementtrainingforlabinstructorsandmicroscaletechniques;andraisenationalawarenessoftheissueofchemicalsinschools.
TheultimategoaloftheSC3istocreateachemicallysaferschoolenvironmentinwhichchemicalsarepurchasedwisely,storedsafely,handledbytrainedpersonnel,usedresponsibly,anddisposedofproperly.
Finally,thisdocumentincludesnumerousboxeshighlightinginformationonrelevantEPAandstateinformation,suchastheHealthySEATtooldevelopedbyEPAasaresourcetoaddresschemicalmanagementamongotherenvironmental,safety,andhealthissues.
EPAhasdevelopedauniquesoftwaretooltohelpschooldistrictsevaluateandmanagealloftheirenvironmental,safety,andhealthissues,includingallaspectsoftheirchemicalmanagementprograms.
TheHealthySchoolEnvironmentsAssessmentTool(HealthySEAT)canbecustomizedandused,freeofcharge,bydistrict-levelstafftoconductvoluntaryself-assessmentsoftheirfacilitiesandtomanageinformationonenvironmentalconditionswithineachbuilding.
Source:EPA,HealthySEAT,http://www.
epa.
gov/schools/healthyseat/index.
html|2ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsI.
B.
OrganizationofthisGuideSectionIexplainstheneedforresponsiblechemicalmanagementpoliciesandwhyschooladministratorsmustbeconcernedaboutchemicalmanagementintheirschools.
SectionIIprovidesanoverviewofthevariousclassesofhazardouschemicalsandproductsofconcernfoundinschools,anddiscusseswherethesechemicalsandproductsofconcernmightcommonlybefoundinschools.
SectionIIIpresentsrecommendationsforschooladministratorstodeveloptheirownconsistentandeffectivepolicies,promotesconceptssuchaspollutionpreventionandgreenchemistry,andprovidesinformationonbestpracticesforthepurchase,identification,tracking,storage,use,anddisposalofhazardouschemicalsfoundinelementaryandsecondaryschools.
SectionIVdiscussesspecialtypesofchemicalsthatareofparticularconcern.
SectionVpresentsconclusions.
TheAppendixlistsspecificexamplesofvarious"howto"forms,templates,andchecklistsforestablishingpoliciesandproceduresthatschoolsmayusetofacilitatetheimplementationofEPA'srecommendations.
Thisdocumentcontainsnumerousreferencesandendnotestoschool-focusedguidancedocumentsandmaterialsonchemicalmanagement,greenchemistry,pollutionprevention,environmentallypreferablepurchasing,andschoolcleanoutcampaignsinitiatedinschooldistricts.
Forexample,theLosAngelesUnifiedSchoolDistrict,oneofthelargestschooldistrictsinthecountry,alongwithitshomestateofCalifornia,havebeencommittedtospreadingawarenessaboutchemicalsinschools,asillustratedbelow.
TheLosAngelesUnifiedSchoolDistrict(LAUSD)hasbeenparticularlyactiveonissuesrelatedtochemicalsinschools.
TheLAUSD'sOfficeofEnvironmentalHealthandSafety(OEHS)websitecontainsawealthofresourcesforschoolofficials,includingasearchableproductreviewtoolavailableontheOEHSChemicalEvaluationProgrampage(http://www.
lausd-oehs.
org/productreview_chemeval.
asp)andcomprehensiveinformationaboutitsChemicalHygieneProgram.
TheOEHSChemicalHygieneProgrampage(http://www.
lausd-oehs.
org/chemical-hygiene.
asp)containslinkstovarioushandoutsandtheScienceSafetyHandbookforCaliforniaPublicSchools(http://www.
lausd-oehs.
org/docs/Misc/CAScienceSafetyHandbook.
pdf).
ItalsolistschemicalsapprovedbytheStateofCaliforniaandOEHSforuseinLAUSDschoollaboratories.
Thesechemicalscanbeviewedbyclickingthe"ViewApprovedLaboratoryChemicals"buttonontheOEHSChemicalHygieneProgrampage(listedabove).
TheStateofCaliforniahascustomizedEPA'sHealthySEATsoftwaretoincorporateCalifornia'sregulationsandlinkstootherstate-specificinformation,includingfundingsources.
State-customizedversionsofHealthySEATmakeiteasierforindividualschoolsystemstoadaptandusethetool.
ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministrators3|I.
C.
WhyYouShouldBeConcernedTherearefivekeyreasonswhyschooladministratorsshouldbeconcernedaboutchemicalmanagementintheirschools:Improperchemicalmanagementposeshealthandsafetyriskstostudentsandschoolemployees.
Health,learning,andbehaviorriskstostudentsareofparticularconcern,aschildrenaremorevulnerablethanadultstochemicalexposuresbecausetheirbodilysystemsarestilldeveloping;theyeatmore,drinkmore,andbreathemoreinproportiontotheirbodysize;andtheirbehaviorcanexposethemmoretochemicalsthanadults.
Theexpensesincurredfromdisposal,spills,andotherincidents,includingpotentialliabilities/lawsuits,canbeconsiderable.
Thecostsofrespondingtochemicalincidentscanreachhundredsofthousandsofdollarsormoreatasingleschool.
2Inadditiontoresponsecosts,improperchemicalwastemanagementcanresultinfinesandincreasedinsurancepremiums.
incidentscanleadtoincreasedparentalandcommunityconcern,negativepublicity,andembarrassmenttotheschoolandschooldistrict.
Itonlytakesonechemicalincident,suchasaspill,explosion,orchemicalexposure,tobreakthetrustwiththecommunity.
ReportedschoolImproperchemicalmanagementmayresultinschoolclosuresthatresultinalossofvaluableeducationtime.
Improperchemicalmanagementcanleadtounintendedchemicaldischargesandspills,whichinflictdamageupontheenvironmentwherestudents,teachers,staff,andparentsliveandwork.
Improperchemicaldischargesintosanitarysewerlinesoron-sitewastetreatmentsystems(includingseptictanks)canhaveadverseeffectsonrivers,streams,andgroundwater.
Chemicalreleasesandspillscanalsocontributetoairpollution.
Spillstothegroundcanultimatelyresultinlong-termharmtothelandandconsiderableremediationcosts.
Asafeschoolenvironmentthatpreventsharmtostudentsandprotectsschoolemployeesfromdangerouschemicalsmustbepromoted.
Responsiblechemicalmanagementislikelytoleadtoimprovedlearningintheclassroomandimprovedoverallhealthoftheenvironmentandthecommunity.
12345|4ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsII.
HazardousChemicalsandProductsinSchoolsII.
A.
ChemicalsandProductsofConcernApproximately75,000chemicalsubstancesareincommercialusetoday.
3Manyofthesechemicalsubstancesareconsideredtoxicorotherwisehazardoustohumansandotherlivingbeings.
Toxicchemicalsareassociatedwithavarietyofserioushealthproblems,includingcancer,brainandnervoussystemdisorders,reproductivedisorders,organdamage,aswellasasthma.
Toxicchemicalsthatarepersistentintheenvironmentandbioaccumulatethroughthefoodchaincanmakeexposureduringchildhoodandadolescenceespeciallydangerous.
Chemicalsalsocanirritatetheskin,eyes,nose,andthroat.
Somechemicalsposesignificantsafetyhazards,suchasfireorexplosionrisks.
Therisksassociatedwithexposuretoachemicalaredependentonmanyfactors,includingthechemical'shazardlevel(degreeofflammability,toxicity,etc.
),therouteofexposure(e.
g.
,absorbedthroughskin,inhaled,consumed,injected),andthedurationofexposure.
Manyhazardouschemicalscanbefoundinschoolfacilities.
MaterialSafetyDataSheets(MSDS),comprehensivefactsheetspreparedbychemicalmanufacturers,describethephysicalproperties,healtheffects,andothercharacteristicsofchemicals,aswellasproceduresforhandling,storing,anddisposingofthesesubstances.
4ChemicalmanufacturersshouldsupplyMSDSsalongwitheachshipmentofchemicalsdeliveredtoyourschool.
Theproperuseandmanagementofthesesubstances,aswellastheproductsthatcontainthem,arecriticaltomaintainingahealthyatmosphereforschooloccupantsandthesurroundingenvironment.
Theterm"hazardouschemicals"mayinclude(butisnotlimitedto)thefollowing:Laboratorychemicalsusedorstoredinsciencelaboratoriesandpreparationareas;Artsupplies,includingpaints,stains,inks,glazes,andphotoprocessingchemicals,usedin(visualandperforming)artandshop;Cleaningproductsutilizedbycustodial,cafeteria,andmaintenancestaff;Pesticides,fertilizers,andde-icers/salts/sandsusedforgroundsmaintenance,aswellaspesticidesusedforbuildingmaintenance;Paints,solvents,fuels,degreasers,andlubricantsusedinbuildingoperationandmaintenance;Oils,fuels,paints,antifreeze,andotherchemicalsusedtomaintainandrepairequipmentfortransportation,schoolmaintenance,andshopclasses;Inks,solvents,andadhesivesusedforprintinginschooloffices;andChemicalsusedtotreatwaterassociatedwithdrinkingwaterandswimmingpools.
II.
B.
ChemicalCategoriesChemicalscanbegroupedbasedonthetypeofhazardtheypose.
Understandingthedifferenttypesofchemicalsinaschoolisimportantfordevelopinganeffectivechemicalmanagementpolicy.
Hazardoussubstancesinschoolsmayfallintooneormoreofthefollowingcategories:flammables/explosives,corrosives(themajorityofwhichinhighschoollaboratoriesareacidsandbases),oxidizers/reactives,toxins,andcompressedgases.
Federalagenciesandlegislativeauthoritieshavedevelopedspecificdefinitionsforeachofthosecategories;however,thehazardscanbedescribedgenerallyasfollows:5ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministrators5|ChemicalTypeDescriptionandExamplesFlammables/ExplosivesChemicalsthathavethepotentialtocatchfirerapidlyandburnintheair.
Liquids,gases,andsolids(intheformofdusts)canbeflammableand/orexplosive.
Examples:paintthinner;laboratorysolvents(acetone,alcohols,aceticacid,hexane);adhesives(some)CorrosivesChemicalsthatcanburn,irritate,ordestroylivingtissueorcorrodemetalthroughdirectchemicalaction.
Thiscategoryincludesstrongacidsandbases(alkalines),aswellasdehydratingagentsandoxidants.
Examples:sulfuric,nitric,andhydrochloricacids;potassium,ammonium,andsodiumhydroxides(bases);hydrogenperoxideorchlorine(oxidants);aceticacidOxidizers/ReactivesChemicalsthatreactviolentlywhencombinedwithheat,light,water,oratmosphericoxygen,causingexplosionsorviolentchemicalreactions.
Examples:nitrates;chlorates;nitrites;peroxides;picricacid(crystallized);ethylether(crystallized);waterreactivemetals(e.
g.
,sodium)ToxinsAnysubstancesthat,eveninsmallamounts,caninjurelivingtissuewheningested,inhaled,orabsorbedintotheskin.
Examples:mercury;arsenic;lead;asbestos;cyanideCompressedGasesGasesstoredunderhighpressuresuchthatcracksordamagetothetanksandvalvesusedtocontrolthesegasescouldcausesignificantphysicalharmtothoseinthesameroom.
Examples:acetylene;helium;nitrogenCheckItOutImproperstoragepracticesmayincreasetherisksassociatedwithcertainchemicals,particularlythosethatareflammable,corrosive,orreactive.
TheKingCountyLaboratoryWasteManagementGuide(http://www.
govlink.
org/hazwaste/publications/LabGuidelinesRevAugust06.
pdf)providessuggestionsforsafeandeffectivechemicalstorage,includingshelfstoragepatternsforsmallstockrooms(seeTable1).
EPA's"NoMore'MethylSomething':ImprovingManagementofCurriculumChemicalsinSchools"presentationprovidesexamplesofdangerousstoragescenarios:http://www.
epa.
gov/epaoswer/osw/conserve/clusters/schools/pdfs/chemsafe.
pdf.
|6ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsII.
C.
WhereChemicalsandProductsareFoundChemicalscanbefoundthroughoutaschool.
Theyareusedinboththemaintenanceofschoolsandthecurriculumtaught.
Chemicalshelpstudentstoperformexperimentsandlearnnewskills,amongotherbenefits.
Intheabsenceofchemicals,schoolswouldlackcertainfundamentaltoolsneededtoeducatestudents.
Despitetheirusefulpurposes,chemicalscanbedangeroustostudentsandstaffwhenmanagedimproperly.
Hazardouschemicalsarefoundinclassrooms,laboratories,storerooms,maintenancesheds,andnumerousotherareas.
Highschoolsusuallyhavelargerinventoriesandmorehazardouschemicalsthanmiddleandelementaryschools.
Chemicalsmayhavebeenpurchasedbytheschoolorbroughtinbyemployeesorstudentsfortheirpersonaluse.
Thetableonthefollowingpagelistssomespecificlocationsinwhichchemicalsandproductsofconcernmightbefoundinatypicalschool.
Pleasekeepinmindthatthislistisbynomeansall-inclusive,andthatchemicals,whenusedappropriately,canbeimportanttotheeducationalprocess.
Hazardouschemicalsarefoundinclassrooms,laboratories,studios,maintenanceareas,andnumerousotherareas.
Thephotoabovedepictsonelocationwherechemicalsandproductsofconcernmightbefoundinatypicalschool.
Thisphotoalsodemonstratesaproperlyorganizedchemicalstoragearea.
PhotoCredit:RehabtheLabProgram,LocalHazardousWasteManagement.
KingCounty,WashingtonCheckItOutTypesandLocationsofHazardousChemicals/ProductsinSchools:EPA,ChemicalManagementandUsage,http://www.
epa.
gov/Region7/education_resources/teachers/ehsstudy/ehs1.
htmand"NoMore'MethylSomething':ImprovingManagementofCurriculumChemicalsinSchools,"http://www.
epa.
gov/epaoswer/osw/conserve/clusters/schools/pdfs/chemsafe.
pdfColoradoDepartmentofPublicHealthandEnvironment,OneHundredMostCommonlyFoundExplosiveandShock-SensitiveMaterials,www.
cdphe.
state.
co.
us/cp/Institutions/Schools/ChemsInSchools/ExplosiveTop40.
PDFAlternativestoProductsofConcern:EPA,EnvironmentallyPreferablePurchasing,http://www.
epa.
gov/epp/MassachusettsEnvironmentallyPreferablePurchasingProgram,ProductandServiceInformation,http://www.
mass.
gov/epp/products.
htmMarylandStateDepartmentofEducation,SafetyinOrdering,Storing,UsingandDisposingofChemicals,http://www.
mdk12.
org/instruction/curriculum/science/safety/chemicals.
htmlChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministrators7|LocationProductTypeHazardousIngredientExamplesConcentratedAcids(undiluted)HydrochloricacidNitricacidSciencelaboratoriesConcentratedBases(undiluted)SodiumhydroxideSolventsMethanolMethylenechlorideOxidizersLeadnitrateCompressedgasesOxygenToxinsCyanidesChromates(VI)LeadsaltsMercurysaltsVocationalandtradeshops(canalsobereferredtoasCareerandTechnicalEducation)Solvents(usedinpaints,paintthinners,adhesives,lacquers,primers,andotherproducts)PetroleumnaphthaTurpentineCleaningsupplies/detergentsPhosphoricacidSodiumsilicateCompressedgasesAcetyleneNitrogenFuels,transmission,andbrakefluidsGasolineVisualandSolvents(usedinpaints,inks,paintthinners,adhesives,lacquers,primers,andotherproducts)TolueneMineralspiritsPotteryclearcoatingglazeLeadOtherheavymetalsCadmiumperformingartstudiosPigmentsforpaintsandcoatingsManganeseChromiumDryclayforceramicsandjewelrySilicaAcidsforetchingNitricacidHydrochloricacidCustodial/maintenanceareasCleaningsupplies/detergents2-ButoxyethanolTrisodiumphosphateDraincleaners(alkaline)Draincleaners(acidic)PotassiumhydroxideSulfuricacidPesticides(includingdisinfectants/sterilizers)PermethrinSodiumhypochloritePaintthinnersTolueneSolvents(usedinpaints,paintthinners,adhesives,lacquers,primers,andotherproducts)XyleneWatertreatmentchemicalsforswimmingpoolsChlorinetabletsKitchens/cafeteriasPesticides(includingdisinfectants/sterilizers)PermethrinSodiumhypochloriteRefrigerantsFreonAmmoniaCleaningsupplies/detergentsAmmoniumhydroxideNurses'officesMedicalequipmentMercury(thermometersandbloodpressuremanometers)PhotographylaboratoriesIntensifiers/reducersPotassiumdichromateHydrochloricacidDevelopersHydroquinoneLacticacidAceticacidStopbathsandfixerChromealum(potassiumchromiumsulfate)Schoolgrounds/athleticfieldsPesticides2,4-DDe-icersSodiumchlorideFertilizersAmmoniumnitrateCorrectionfluidEthyleneglycolTrichloroethaneAdministrativeofficesSolvents(usedinpaints,inks,paintthinners,adhesives,lacquers,primers,andotherproducts)MethylethylketonePetroleumdistillatesPrinter/copiertonersCarbonblack|8ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsIII.
PoliciesandActionsThefollowingsectionsprovideguidanceonrecommendedchemicalmanagementpolicies.
Thesepoliciesrelateto:pollutionpreventionandgreenchemistry(conceptsthatminimizethepotentialforhazardouschemicaluseinthefirstplace);thegeneralmanagementofchemicalsandproductsalreadypresentinschools;chemicalinventories;thepurchasingandtrackingofchemicals;thestorageandhandlingofhazardouschemicals;personneltrainingandhazardcommunication;andchemicalspills,cleanup,anddisposal.
Toproperlyimplementthesesuggestedpolicies,schoolsshouldestablishaleadershipteamandconfirmtheavailabilityofbudgetandresources.
III.
A.
LeadershipandResourcesToinstitutegoodchemicalmanagementpolicies,schooladministratorsneedtosetthetonethatchemicalmanagementisimportantbyassigningrolesandresponsibilitiesforimplementingpropersafetyandchemicalhygienepractices.
Guidelinesareprovidedbelowthatpolicymakersatthedistrictlevelandschooladministratorsshouldimplementinordertoinitiateresponsiblechemicalmanagementpracticesintheirschools.
TrainingandTeamworkApproachtoSafetyandChemicalHygiene"NorthshoreSchoolDistrict,inWashingtonState,hasadoptedthetrainingandteamworkapproachtoSafetyandChemicalHygieneinthepast2years.
Asaresult,lastyearourinsurancepoolloweredourannualinsurancepremiumby$30,000forourefforts.
InenactingtheseprogramsourDirectorofCurriculum,DirectorofRiskManagement,andtheChemicalHygieneOfficerssavedmoneyforthedistrict.
"JohnSchmied,NorthshoreSchoolDistrictChemicalHygieneOfficerEstablishorconfirmthatyourdistricthascommittedbudgetandstaffresourcesforchemicalmanagement.
Whenschoolsconsidertheircostsforchemicals,theygenerallyconsideronlythepurchaseprice.
Eachstageofchemicalandproductmanagement,however,hasassociatedcostsoflabor(e.
g.
,trainingchemicalhygieneofficerandotherstaff),materials,equipment,anddisposal,aswellascostsofstoragespaceandpotentialliabilitywhenresponsiblechemicalmanagementisnotpracticed.
Designandcommunicateachemicalmanagementpolicy.
Schooldistrictadministratorsandprincipalsneedtoestablishanoverallpolicystatingastrongcommitmenttoresponsiblechemicalmanagement,includingimplementationofthepoliciesandactionsdefinedinthisdocument.
Thepolicyshouldbecommunicatedtoallbythehighestlevelofmanagement.
Strongsupportfromtheadministration,combinedwithadequateresources,willenableresponsiblechemicalmanagement.
Activeinvolvementbythefullschoolcommunityisanimportantelementofsuccess,aswell.
Appointachemicalhygieneofficer.
Thechemicalhygieneofficerissomeonewhoisqualifiedbytrainingandexperiencetoprovidetechnicalguidanceandleadershipinthedevelopmentandimplementationoftheprovisionsofthechemicalhygieneplan.
Thepositiondescriptionorjobclassificationofachemicalhygieneofficerwillvaryacrossschooldistricts;however,inallcases,theyshouldbetrainedtoprovidechemicalmanagementleadershiptotheschool.
Designateateamtooverseethechemicalmanagementprogramatyourschool.
Thisteamshouldconsistofteachers,janitorialstaff,andmaintenancepersonneltocomplywiththechemicalhygieneplanandhelpoverseethechemicalChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministrators9|managementprogramatyourschooldescribedinthesectionsthatfollow.
Teammembersshouldbetrainedbythechemicalhygieneofficer(andreinforcedatleastannually).
Ataminimum,teammembersshouldunderstandphysical/chemicalpropertiesandpotentialhealtheffectsofchemicals,chemicalcompatibility,applicableenvironmentalregulationsandcomplianceissues,andwastemanagementproceduresoftheschool.
Youmayalsoconsiderinvolvingstudents(asapplicable)aspartoftheprocess.
Disseminateinformation.
Shareexperiencesandlessonslearnedwithotherschooldistrictsandadministrators.
Maintainaproactiveprogramofinformingparents,guardians,teachers,andotherstaffaboutchemicalandproductmanagementactivitiesongoingatyourschool.
III.
B.
PollutionPreventionandGreenerAlternativesAkeyaspectofresponsiblechemicalmanagementisidentifyingopportunitiestominimizechemicalusethroughtheimplementationofpollutionpreventionandgreenchemistryprinciples.
Pollutionprevention(sometimesreferredtoas"P2")isdefinedaspreventingorreducingpollutionatthesource,wheneverfeasible,andotherpracticesthatreplaceoreliminatethecreationofpollutants.
Anexampleofpollutionpreventionwouldbeusingsmallerquantitiesof(orenvironmentallybenignsubstitutesfor)chemicalproductsusedforgroundsmaintenanceorcleaning.
Arelatedconcept,greenchemistry,focusesonsciencelaboratoriesbyreducingthelevelsoftoxicityandamountofchemicalsusedinexperiments,promotingsafety,pollutionprevention,andwasteminimization.
Similarconcepts,microscalechemistryandsmall-scalechemistry,involvescalingdownthequantitiesofchemicalsrequiredforscienceexperimentsresultinginimprovedlaboratorysafety.
Exploringandadoptingpollutionpreventionandgreenchemistryconceptsinaschoolsystemresultsinmanydirectenvironmentalbenefitsandoftenresultsincostsavingsforschools.
Thefollowingguidelinescanbeusedtoreduceoreliminatethegenerationofchemicalpollutantsandwastes.
Establishapolicythatmakespollutionpreventionthepreferredformofwastemanagementandstrivestoeliminatethepurchaseanduseofmost,ifnotall,hazardouschemicals.
Ifeliminationoftheparticularchemicalsisnotpossible,otheroptionsinclude,inorderofpreference,reuseorrecyclingofchemicalsandproducts;treatmentofchemicalstoreducetoxicity;anddisposalofchemicalsinanenvironmentallysafemanner.
CheckItOutWhiletreatmentmaybeausefulactivity,itshouldbecautionedthatthetreatmentofhazardouswastemayrequireapermitorbesubjecttoregulation.
Youshouldconsiderdiscussinganytreatmentoptionswithstateorlocalregulatoryagenciesbeforeyouimplementtheminyourlaboratory.
Neutralizationofacidsandbases,permittedunderfederallaw,isprobablythemostcommonlyusedtreatmentmethodineducationalinstitutions;however,statesmayhavemorestringentstandardsregulatingthedisposalofacidsandbases.
Tolearnmoreabouttreatmentmethods,seeBattelleSeattleResearchCenter's"In-LaboratoryTreatmentofWastes,"availableontheP2Payswebsiteathttp://www.
p2pays.
org/ref/01/text/00779/ch13.
htm.
|10ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsContactyourstatepollutionpreventiondepartmentforassistanceinconductingapollutionpreventionopportunityassessment,orcontactyourEPARegionalOfficeathttp://www.
epa.
gov/p2/pubs/local.
htmtofindprogramsavailableinyourareaaswellastheissuesaffectingyourpartofthecountry.
EachEPARegionalOfficesupportspollutionpreventionactivitiesthatreduceoreliminatethesourcesofwasteandpollutantsthroughworkwithvoluntaryprograms,partnershipswithbusinessandindustry,stateandlocalgovernments,citizensgroupsandotherfederalagencies.
Establishapollutionpreventionprogramtohelpyourschoolminimizetheamountofchemicalwastegeneratedthroughoutyourschool.
Theprogrammayconsistofdevelopingschool-wideanddepartmentalannualwastereductiongoals.
Theprogrammayalsoincludepollutionpreventioneducationsessionsforteachers,maintenancestaff,andstudentsemphasizingtheimportanceofsubstitutinghazardouschemicalswithchemicalsthatarelesshazardousandscalingdownthevolumeofchemicalsusedinclassroomexperimentsandmaintenanceapplications.
Minimizetheuseofpesticides,atermthatrefersnotonlytoinsecticidesbutalsotoherbicides,fungicides,andvariousothersubstancesusedtocontrolpests.
Childrenmaybeespeciallysensitivetothehealthrisksposedbypesticidesbecausetheirbodiesaregrowinganddeveloping;theymayalsohavegreaterexposuretopesticidesbecauseoftheirincreasedhand-to-mouthbehaviors.
Aformofpollutionprevention,integratedpestmanagement(IPM),isaneffectiveandenvironmentallysensitiveapproachtopestcontrolthatreliesoncommonsensestrategiestodisruptthelifecyclesofpests.
Thefollowingresourcesprovidetechnicalbackgroundinformationtohelpschoolsimplementtheirownpollutionprevention/wasteminimizationprograms:OhioEPA,LaboratoryPollutionPreventionfactsheet,http://www.
epa.
state.
oh.
us/opp/Fact16_web.
pdfandP2checklistoflabopportunities,http://www.
epa.
state.
oh.
us/ocapp/p2/labp2checklist.
pdfBattelleSeattleResearchCenter,LaboratoryWasteMinimizationandPollutionPrevention:AGuideforTeachers,http://www.
p2pays.
org/ref/01/00779.
htm,andChapter8,ScalingDownExperiments,http://www.
p2pays.
org/ref/01/text/00779/ch08.
htmEPA,PollutionPrevention:Definitions,http://www.
epa.
gov/opptintr/p2home/p2policy/definitions.
htmEPA,12PrinciplesofGreenChemistry,http://www.
epa.
gov/greenchemistry/principles.
htmlandTeachers,http://www.
epa.
gov/epaoswer/osw/conserve/clusters/schools/teachers.
htmEPA,stateP2Programs,http://www.
epa.
gov/opptintr/p2home/resources/statep2.
htmEPA,IntegratedPestManagement(IPM)inSchools,http://www.
epa.
gov/pesticides/ipm/EPA'sSchoolsChemicalCleanoutCampaign(SC3),http://www.
epa.
gov/sc3/GreatLakesRegionalPollutionPreventionRoundtable,TopicHubforPollutionPreventionforArtsEducation,http://www.
glrppr.
org/hubs/toc.
cfmhub=509&subsec=7&nav=7GreenCleaningPollutionPreventionCalculator,http://www.
ofee.
gov/janitor/index.
aspColoradoStateUniversity,NationalSmall-ScaleChemistryCenter,http://www.
smallscalechemistry.
colostate.
eduMerrimackCollege,NationalMicroscaleChemistryCenter,http://www.
microscale.
org/ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministrators11|III.
C.
ChemicalandProductManagementResponsiblechemicalmanagementiscriticaltocontrollingavarietyofenvironmental,health,andsafetyissueswithinanyschool.
Knowingwhatmaterialsarepresentinyourschoolandhowtheyareused,stored,anddiscardedwillenableyoutounderstandtheissuesassociatedwiththesesubstances.
Properlyrecognizingandcontrollingthehazardsinherenttothesematerials,wherevertheyarefoundinyourschools,willenhanceyourabilitytocreateasafeschoolwithminimalenvironmentalliabilities/lawsuits.
Guidelinesareprovidedbelowthatschoolsandadministratorsshouldimplementtoinitiateresponsiblechemicalmanagementpracticesintheirschool.
Establishanenvironmentallypreferablechemicalmanagementpolicyconsideringtheentirechemicalandproductlifecycle,whichbeginswithchemicalpurchasingandincludesidentification,labeling,storage,inventorymaintenance,andtheactivitiesassociatedwiththeuseanddisposalofchemicalsandwastesgeneratedfromtheiruse,includingtraining,spillcontrolprocedures,andrecord-keepingrequirements.
Establishadistrict-levelchemicalpurchasingpolicy,chemicalproductsevaluationprocess,andadistrict-approvedchemicalsandproductslist(seeSectionIII.
E).
Forexample,theLosAngelesUnifiedSchoolDistrict'sChemicalHygieneProgram(http://www.
lausd-oehs.
org/chemical-hygiene.
asp)allowsonlyapprovedchemicalstobeusedinschoollaboratories.
Controllingwhatchemicalsareusedwithinyourschoolsisessentialtoensuringthatonlyproductsthathavebeenreviewedandapprovedforusearebroughtintotheschoolenvironment.
Createawrittenchemicalhygieneplanthatdescribesproceduresandpracticesfortheprotectionofstudentsandschoolemployeesfromthehealthhazardspresentedbyhazardouschemicalsandproductsthatarefoundinschoollaboratories.
Thechemicalhygieneplanisacriticalelementofchemicalmanagementandshouldcontainspecificrequirementsandguidelinesforchemicalhandling,inventory,storage,spills,anddisposal.
Theplanshouldbeupdatedannuallyandwhenevernecessary.
TheAppendixcontainsexcerptsandreferencestoseveralexamplesofchemicalhygieneplansEPA'sSchoolsChemicalCleanoutCampaignResourcessuchasEPA'sSC3program(seehttp://www.
epa.
gov/sc3/)aredesignedtofacilitatechemicalandproductmanagement.
ThepurposeofSC3istoreducechemicalexposuresandimprovechemicalmanagementinK-12schools.
Byachievingtheseenvironmentalgoals,theSC3willcontributetothebroadergoalsoffewerlostschoolsdaysandhealthierstudents,faculty,andstaff.
InadditiontoEPA'sSC3,stateshavedevelopedtheirownSC3programs:FloridaDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection,SchoolChemicalCleanoutCampaign(SC3),http://www.
dep.
state.
fl.
us/waste/categories/hazardous/pages/schoolchemicals.
htm;andTennesseeDepartmentofEnvironmentandConservation,SchoolLabChemicalCleanoutCampaign(SC3),http://www.
state.
tn.
us/environment/sc3/.
Chemicalsthatarenotcorrectlyandclearlylabeled,asshowninthephotosabove,shouldbedisposedofproperly.
ProductsusedinschoolsshouldhaveanMSDS,bestoredintheiroriginalcontainers,andbecorrectlyandclearlylabeled.
PhotoCredit:RehabtheLabProgram,LocalHazardousWasteManagementKingCounty,Washington|12ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsWhencomplete,provideyourlocalfiredepartmentacopyofthechemicalinventory.
currentlyinusebyschooldistrictsnationwide.
Contactstateorlocalhealthdepartmentsorenvironmentalagenciesformoreinformation.
Manychemicalmanagementpracticesareoftenregulatedatthefederal,state,and/orlocallevel.
III.
D.
ChemicalInventoryChemicalInventorySafetyTipsTheprocessofassessingexistingchemicalhazardscanbedangerous.
Thefollowingguidelinesarerecommended:Contactatrainedprofessionaltoconductawalk-throughinspectionoftheschooltopre-screenforpotentialhazards.
Certaintypesofchemicalsposeanimminenthazard(e.
g.
,shock-sensitivematerials)andmustbehandledonlybyqualifiedemergencypersonnelorhazardouswasteprofessionals.
Ifthepre-screeningestablishesthatitissafetoconductaninventory,ensurethattheinventoryteamisproperlyequippedwithpersonalprotectiveequipmentandemergencyresponsesuppliesaswellaschemicalmanagementandsafetyknowledge.
Ensurethatchemicalstorageareasareproperlyventilatedandthatpotentialsourcesofignitionareturnedoff.
Appendix2oftheMassachusettsSchoolChemicalManagementProgram(availableathttp://www.
mass.
gov/dep/service/schlchem.
pdf)includesastep-by-stepguidetoconductingchemicalinventories.
Conductpre-screening,inventoryandremovalwhilestudentsareNOTinschool.
Existingaccumulationsofoutdated,unknown,poorlylabeled,improperlystored,degraded,andexcessivequantitiesofhazardouschemicalsarepresentinmanyschools.
Thesechemicalsposesafetyandhealthriskstostudentsandschoolpersonnel.
Properlyidentifyingandremovingthesechemicalsisakeystepinpreventingaccidents.
Animportantpartofresponsiblechemicalmanagementisthecreationofanaccuratechemicalinventory.
Achemicalinventoryidentifiesthequantitiesandphysicallocationsof,aswellasthepotentialhazardsassociatedwith,allofthechemicalsusedandstoredinaschool.
Italsoservesasareferenceforschoolandemergencypersonnel(e.
g.
,localfiredepartment)intheeventofanemergency.
Furthermore,achemicalinventory,whenusedtoguidenecessarypurchases,canreducethecostsandmanagementneedsassociatedwithexcesschemicals.
Guidelinesareprovidedbelowthatschoolsandadministratorsshouldfollowinordertoconductaninventoryattheirschool.
Someguidelinesrefertootherdocuments(e.
g.
,chemicalhygieneplans);informationaboutthesedocumentsisdiscussedinlatersections.
Conductaninventoryofallofthechemicalsandproductscontainingchemicals(e.
g.
,mercurythermometers)storedon-site,coveringallsectionsoftheschoolincludingmaintenanceroomsandclosets,storagesheds,greenhouses,andallAchemicalinventoryidentifiestheamountandlocationofallofthechemicalsstoredon-site,coveringallsectionsoftheschoolincludingmaintenanceareas.
Athoroughinventorywouldidentifyinappropriatechemicalstoragepractices,suchastheoneshowninthisphoto.
Chemicalssuchasammoniaandbleacharecommonlyfoundinschools.
Despitetheirusefulpurposes,thesechemicalsareincompatibleandshouldnotbestoredneareachother,especiallyinmaintenancestorageareasorinhotboilerroomswherethebottlesmaybulgeorbreak.
Mixingofthesetwochemicalswouldcreateachlorinegascloud.
PhotoCredit:MarinaBrock,BarnstableCounty(Massachusetts)DepartmentofHealthandEnvironmentChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministrators13|classrooms.
Engageallschoolstaffwhowilleitherbeinvolvedinconductingtheinventory,orwillbehavingtheirchemicalsinventoried.
Pre-packagedscienceexperimentsordemonstrationkitsshouldbeincludedinthechemicalinventory.
Establishapolicythatchemicalinventoriesbeconductedandupdatedannually,unlessstateorlocalregulationsrequireamorefrequentschedule.
Contactyourlocalstateagency,collegeoruniversity,industrypartner,orchemicalsupplier,oridentifyaresponsiblepersonwithintheschoolwhohastraininginhazardouschemicalmanagementtoassistwiththeinventory.
Reviewotherdocumentsyoumayhaveinschoolsinyourdistrict,suchasachemicalhygieneplanorhazardcommunicationplan,toensurethatchemicalsareconsistentlybeingmanaged,stored,handled,anddisposedofproperly.
Reviewyourapprovedchemicalsandproductslist(seeSectionIII.
E).
Chemicalsandproductsnotonthislistshouldberemovedandproperlydisposedoforrecycledaccordingtoapplicablefederal,state,andlocallaws.
Updatetheinventorywhennewchemicalsorproductsareaddedtothelistandwhenchemicalsorproductsareusedordisposed.
Conductperiodiccleanoutsbyidentifyingandremovingunnecessaryhazardousmaterialsandexpiredchemicalsthroughappropriaterecyclingand/ordisposalmethods.
Chemicalinventoriesshouldbeconductedpriortocleaningoutchemicalsfromschools.
Contactyourlocalstateagency,collegeoruniversity,industrypartner,orchemicalsupplier,orsomeonewithtechnicalqualificationstoidentifypotentiallydangeroussituations(i.
e.
,schoolstaffshouldnotmoveveryoldchemicalsbecauseoftheextremehazardtheymaypresent)andproperlyhandlethechemicalsduringachemicalcleanout.
III.
E.
PurchasingChemicalsenterschoolsystemsthroughavarietyofavenuessuchasregularpurchases(includingpurchaseorders,purchasingcards,andpersonalpurchases)byteachersandfacilitymaintenancepersonnel,aswellasdonationsfromlocalindustriesandchemicalsuppliers.
Chemicalshavevaryinghazardlevels;thus,thedeterminationtopurchaseshouldfactorinneed,use,safety,environmentalfactors,andchemical/productmanagementlifecyclecosts.
Remember,justbecauseachemicalcanbepurchasedatyourlocalhardwareorgrocerystoredoesnotmeanitissafeifimproperlyusedorstored.
Tocreateachemicallysaferschoolenvironment,schooladministratorsshouldimplementmeasurestoreducetheamountandhazardousnatureofchemicalsenteringtheirschools.
Performsmall-scaleormicroscalechemistryexperimentsorseekenvironmentallypreferredproductsorservices"thathavealesserorreducedeffectonhumanhealthandtheenvironmentwhencomparedwithcompetingproductsorservicesthatservethesamepurpose.
"6Thefollowingresourcesprovideinformationtohelpschoolsconducttheirownchemicalinventories,includingasuggestedchemicalinventorylist.
Youmayalsowishtocheckwithyourownstate'senvironmentalandeducationalagencies.
ColoradoDepartmentofPublicHealthandEnvironment,GuidanceonChemicalManagementinSchools,http://www.
cdphe.
state.
co.
us/cp/Institutions/Schools/ChemsInSchools/ChemMgmt.
htmlMontanaDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality,MontanaSchoolLabs,http://www.
mdeqschoollabs.
com/CheckItOut|14ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsEPA'sEnvironmentallyPreferablePurchasing(EPP)programwasdevelopedtoassistfederalagenciesinmakingenvironmentallyconsciouspurchasingdecisions;however,businessesandstateandlocalagencieshavealsofoundtheprogramtobeofvalue.
TheEPPwebsite(http://www.
epa.
gov/oppt/epp/pubs/about/faq.
htm)discussesfrequentlyaskedquestionsconcerningEPPandincludesanumberoftoolsandlinkstoguidancedocumentsandcasestudiesthatschoolscanusetoidentifyproductsthatarelesshazardous.
Herearesomesuggestionsofbestmanagementpracticestocreateachemicallysaferschoolenvironment:Establishapurchasingpolicythataddresseshowchemicalsandproductscontainingchemicalsareenteringaschool,whoisusingthem,whytheyarebeingused,andhowtheywillneedtobedisposed.
Involveallteachers,maintenanceandcustodialpersonnel,andotherstafftoensurethatthechemicalpurchasingpolicymeetseducationalandfacilitymaintenanceneedswhilereducingthequantitiesandtoxicityofchemicals.
TheAppendixprovidesresourcestochemicalpurchasingexamplesinschools.
Investigatepollutionpreventionandgreenchemistryoptions(seeSectionIII.
B)todeterminewhethercertainchemicalscanbereducedinquantityoreliminatedentirelyfromscienceandartclasses.
Establishanenvironmentallypreferablechemicalscreeningprocesstoensurethatallchemicalsandproductscontainingchemicalshavebeenscreenedforenvironmental,health,andsafetyhazardspriortopurchase,thusreducingand/oreliminatinghazardouschemicals.
Forexample,theMarylandStateDepartmentofEducationprovidesguidanceonresponsiblechemicalpurchasing.
7TheMSDSmaybeusefulinthisprocess.
Createanapprovedchemicalsandproductslist,basedonlesstoxicornon-toxicalternativestomakenon-toxicimplementationandenforcementeasierinyourschool.
Onlyallowprocurementofapprovedchemicals.
Purchasechemicalsandproductscontainingchemicalsinquantitiesthatwillbeusedduringthecurrentschoolyearorthatcanbefullyconsumedundernormalconditionswithintheshelflifeoftheproduct.
Anotherconceptis"justintime"purchasinginwhichchemicalsarepurchasedasneededthroughouttheschoolyear.
Thesepurchasingmethodsreducethecostsandmanagementneedsassociatedwithexcessandexpiredchemicals.
Useproductspurchasedorapprovedbytheschool.
Teachersandotherstaffshouldbestronglydiscouragedfrombringinginproductsontheirown.
ProductsusedinschoolsshouldhaveanMSDS,bestoredintheiroriginalcontainersinasecurelocation,andbecorrectlyandclearlylabeled.
SchoolsshouldexerciseEXTREMECAUTIONwhenacceptingchemicaldonations,productsamples,orpromotionalproducts(e.
g.
,donotacceptchemicalsmoreusefulforelectroplatingthanfortheteachingofhighschoolchemistry).
Schoolsshouldnotgiveawaychemicalstoavoidthecostsofdisposal.
EnvironmentallyPreferablePurchasingChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministrators15|III.
F.
StorageandHandlingSchooladministratorsshouldbeawareofproperuseandstoragepoliciesandprocedurestoensurestudentandemployeesafety.
Guidelinesareprovidedbelowthatschoolsandadministratorscanfollowinordertoreducetheriskofchemicalaccidentsandensurethatchemicalsandproductsintheirschoolsarestoredandhandledsafely.
Establishachemicalstorageandhandlingpolicythataddresseshowchemicalsshouldbeproperlystored,labeled,andsecured,aswellaswhoshouldhaveaccesstothesechemicalsandchemicalstoragelocations.
Chemicalsshouldnotbestoredinareasthatareoccupiedbyoraccessibletostudents,suchasclassroomsorrestrooms;theyshouldpreferablybestoredinacentral,securelocation.
TheAppendixprovidesresourcestoguidelinesontheproperlabelingofchemicals,recommendedstoragemethods,andotherconsiderationsforproperstorage(e.
g.
,examplesofincompatiblechemicalsandchemicalsegregation).
storagestructures.
Spotinspectionsmaybeperformedperiodicallythroughouttheschoolyear.
Engagemaintenancestaffintheseinspectionsifstorageshelvingorlocksareinneedofupdatesorrepair.
Createandmaintainanup-to-datemapofthelocationandstoragepatternofchemicalstorageroomsandcabinetsinyourschool.
Conductatleastannualinspectionsofclassrooms,janitorialclosets,andchemicalstorageroomsandcabinetsinyourschooltoensuretheintegrityofchemicalsandInspectandtestemergencyequipment(e.
g.
,eyewashstationsandsafetyshowers)aswellasfumehoodsandventilationsystems/exhaustfansatleastonanannualbasis.
Engagemaintenancestaffintheseinspectionsifsafetyequipmentisinneedofupdatesorrepair.
Establishprotocolsfortheupkeepofemergencyequipmentandtheassociatedmaintenancerecords.
WorkwithalocalchemicalsuppliertoensureyouhaveMSDSinformationforallchemicalsonsite.
HazardouschemicalsinschoolsshouldbestoredinaccordancewithMSDSspecifications.
MaintainingahardcopyorsecurewebsiteaccesstoMSDSinformationatthedistrictlevelcouldbeacost-effectiveapproachtoensuringthatchemicalsafetyinformationisavailableacrossallschools.
Ataminimum,MSDSinformationshouldbelocatedinallchemicalstorageroomsandcabinetsandinacentralplacewithintheschool(awayfromthechemicals),aswellasacentrallocationfortheschooldistrict.
Toavoidasituationliketheexampleshownabove,schoolsshouldestablishachemicalstorageandhandlingpolicythataddresseshowchemicalsshouldbeproperlystored,labeled,andsecured,aswellaswhoshouldhaveaccesstothem.
PhotoCredit:RehabtheLabProgram,LocalHazardousWasteManagement,KingCounty,WashingtonAfewschooldistrictshavedevelopedtheirownchemicalhygieneplansthatprovidestep-by-stepprocedures,aswellaschecklistsforthesafehandlingandstorageofchemicals.
NorthshoreSchoolDistrictChemicalHygienePlan,http://schoolcenter.
nsd.
org/education/components/scrapbook/default.
phpcms_mode=view§iondetailid=58540&sc_id=1161987494LakeHavasuUnifiedSchoolDistrict,ArizonaDistrictChemicalHygienePlan,http://www.
havasu.
k12.
az.
us/support/warehouse/chempolicy.
htmlLAUSD,SchoolLaboratoryChemicalHygieneandSafetyPlan(AppendixF),http://www.
lausd-oehs.
org/docs/CSC/Chemical%20Hygiene%20Plan.
pdf|16ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsIII.
G.
TrainingPropertrainingofstaffandstudentsonthehandlingofchemicalsandproductscontainingchemicalswillhelppreventaccidents,thusreducingexposuretoharmfulchemicals.
Trainingatvariouslevelsshouldbeprovidedforallschoolemployeesandstudentsonbasicchemicalhygiene,storageandhandlingprocedures,andhowtorespondintheeventofachemicalspilloraccident.
Guidelinesareprovidedbelowthatschoolsandadministratorsshouldfollowontraining.
involvingchemicalusageinschools.
Targetedemployeesshouldincludeschoolmanagement,custodialandmaintenancepersonnel,andappropriateteachingstaff.
Thetrainingprogramshouldincludeareviewofthechemicalhygieneplan,hazardcommunicationplan,andapprovedproductslisting.
Trainingsessionsshouldbedocumentedinalogforeachemployeeandrepeatedperiodically(e.
g.
,onanannualbasis)toserveasarefresherforexistingpersonnel.
Trainingalsoshouldbeconductedfornewhires.
Establishahazardouschemicalsmanagementandsafetytrainingprogramthataddresseshowschoolemployees(andstudents,asapplicable)aretobeproperlytrainedtohandlecertainchemicalsandproductsandhowtorespondtoachemicalspillorrelease,tounderstandthehazardsofthesematerials,andtounderstandthetypesofliabilityassociatedwithaccidentsContactalocalhealthdepartment,environmentalmanagementagency,hazardouswasteagency,orchemicalsuppliertoprovideatrainingsessionwithschoolemployeesthatraisestheirawarenessofusinglesstoxicalternativestocertainchemicals,chemicalsubstitutions,greenpurchasing,andperformingsmall-scaleexperiments.
Thefollowingresourcesprovideusefuladditionalinformationontraining:LAUSD,SchoolLaboratoryChemicalHygieneandSafetyPlan(SectionIII),http://www.
lausd-oehs.
org/docs/CSC/Chemical%20Hygiene%20Plan.
pdfOSHA,TrainingCurriculumGuidelines-(Non-mandatory)-1910.
120AppE,http://www.
osha.
gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.
show_documentp_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9770CheckItOutChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministrators17|III.
H.
HazardCommunicationHazardcommunicationplanningisanimportantelementinchemicalandproductmanagement.
Disseminationofinformationonthequantityandhazardsofhazardouschemicalsandproductscreatesawarenessabouttherangeofchemicalsandproductsusedandfostersproperuseanddisposalofthesechemicalsandproducts.
Guidelinesarelistedthatschoolsandadministratorsshouldfollowinordertocreateasaferschoolenvironmentforstudentsandschoolemployees.
Createawrittenhazardcommunicationplanthatcommunicateshowchemicalsshouldbeproperlymanaged,stored,handled,anddisposed.
Theplanshouldconsistofanupdatedchemicalsandproductslist,chemicallabelingrequirements,MSDSinformation,adisposallog,andinstructionsonemployeetrainingprogramsregardinghazardsofchemicalsandprotectivemeasures.
TheAppendixoffersexamplesofhazardcommunicationprogramsthathavebeenimplementedforvariousschooldistrictsacrossthecountry.
Workwithyourlocalchemicalsuppliertohelpidentifyspecificconcerns.
Dependingonyourlocation,stateand/orfederalhazardcommunicationrequirementsspecifyyourresponsibilitytoidentifyandaddressthehazardsassociatedwiththechemicalsandproductsusedinyourschoolfacility.
EnvironmentalPlanningandCommunityRight-to-KnowActTheEnvironmentalPlanningandCommunityRight-to-KnowAct(EPCRA)waspassedinresponsetoconcernsregardingtheenvironmentalandsafetyhazardsassociatedwithtoxicchemicals.
EPCRAestablishesemergencyplanningandchemicalreporting("CommunityRight-to-Know")requirementsforFederal,state,andlocalgovernments;IndianTribes;andindustry.
Thereportingprovisionshelpincreasethepublic'sknowledgeandaccesstoinformationonchemicalsatindividualfacilities(suchasschools),theiruses,andaccidentalreleasesintotheenvironment.
TheEPAsponsorsvariousprogramsthatpertaintochemicalmanagement.
Formoreinformationsee:EPA,EPCRAInformation,http://yosemite.
epa.
gov/oswer/ceppoweb.
nsf/content/EPCRA.
htmOpenDocumentIII.
I.
Spills,Cleanup,andDisposalFailingtotakenecessarysafetyprecautionsmayputyourschoolatincreasedriskoffire,explosions,andspillsthatmayresultinchemicalexposuretostudentsandschoolpersonnel,harmtotheenvironment,andconsiderableclean-upcoststotheschooldistrict.
HazardouswastesmustbedisposedofinaccordancewithRCRAandotherapplicablestateandlocalrequirements.
Suchrequirementsgenerallyprohibitanydraindisposalofhazardouschemicalsor"treatment"ofhazardouswastesbeyondpHadjustment,andmaybefarmorestringentthanthedisposalsuggestionsprovidedbychemicalsuppliers.
Refertotheseresourcesasrecommendedguidanceforcreatingyourhazardcommunicationplan:OSHAHazardCommunicationStandard,Title29CodeofFederalRegulations1910.
1200,http://www.
osha.
gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.
show_documentp_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10099Reminder:FederalOSHAdoesnothavejurisdictionoverstateandlocalgovernmentemployees,includingthoseinpublicschools.
SectionIII,SummaryandExplanationoftheIssuesandtheProvisionsoftheFinalRule,http://www.
osha.
gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.
LAUSDOEHSHazardCommunicationtrainingpresentation,http://www.
lausd-oehs.
org/docs/CSC/HazComPresentation.
pptCheckItOut|18ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsTheChemicalSafetyDayProgram(CSDP)isacost-effectivewastemanagementprogramavailabletoeducationalinstitutionsandnon-profitorganizationsthroughoutthestateofMinnesota.
TheCSDPhashelpedhundredsofhighschools,colleges,andnonprofitorganizationsindisposingofhazardousmaterial/wasteatareasonablecostandinanenvironmentallyresponsibleway.
MoreinformationabouttheprogramcanbefoundontheCSDPwebsiteathttp://www.
dehs.
umn.
edu/csdp/.
Properchemicaldisposalcanreducethecostsandmanagementburdensassociatedwithexcesschemicals,includingdisposalcostsofexpiredchemicalsandthetimerequiredforinventoryandstorageofexcessandunwantedchemicals,aswellascostsofpenaltiesduetoenforcementactionsthatmayresultfromimproperchemicalmanagement.
Guidelinesareprovidedbelowthatschoolsandadministratorscanfollowinordertoreducetheriskofchemicalaccidents,improvespillresponseprocedures,andensurethatchemicalsandproductsintheirschoolsaresafelydiscarded.
Createawrittenemergencyresponseandspillclean-upandresponseplanforallchemicalsandproducts.
Thisplanshoulddescribewhattodoandwhotocontactintheeventofaspillorrelease,aswellasthelocationofspillmanagementsuppliesandequipment(e.
g.
,spillkits,spillcontrolmaterials,fireextinguishers)withintheschool.
Theclean-upandresponseplanshouldincludeaprocessforcommunicatingwithstudents,parents,teachers,andotherstaffabouttheincident,aswellasmethodsforpreventingaccidentsandexposures.
Developabudgetforchemicalmanagementanddisposal.
Initialcostsmayinvolvehiringachemicalexpertanddisposingofaccumulatedchemicalsandproducts.
Alonger-termwastedisposalbudgetshouldaccountforthestafftimenecessarytodevelopandmaintaindisposalprocedures,thepurchaseofspecialequipmentandsupplies,theupkeepofsafetyequipment(e.
g.
,fumehoods),andannualhazardouschemicaldisposalandstafftraining.
Establishachemicaldisposalpolicythataddresseshowunusedandoutdatedchemicalsandproductscontainingchemicalsshouldbeproperlyremovedfromschools,includingmaterialsgeneratedfromthecleanupofspills.
ChemicalSafetyDayPrograminMinnesotaAsshowninthephotoabove,existingstocksofoutdated,unknown,degraded,andexcessivequantitiesofhazardouschemicalsarepresentinmanyschoolsposingsafetyandhealthriskstostudentsandschoolpersonnel.
Identifyingandremovingthesechemicalsisakeystepinpreventingaccidents.
Establishachemicaldisposalpolicythataddresseshowunusedandoutdatedchemicalsandproductscontainingchemicalsshouldbeproperlyremovedfromschools.
PhotoCredit:RehabtheLabProgram,LocalHazardousWasteManagement,KingCounty,WashingtonChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministrators19|Schoolsmustcomplywithregulationsregardingthemanagement,transport,anddisposalofhazardouswaste.
Schoolsarerequiredtotracktheamountofhazardouswastetheygenerateandensurethatallwastesareproperlydisposedofaccordingtofederal,state,andlocalrequirements.
Theserequirementscanaffectthewaychemicalsandchemicalwastesaremanagedinschools.
SubtitleCofRCRAregulateshazardouswastegenerators.
AccordingtoRCRA(40CFRPart261),therearethreecategoriesofhazardouswastegenerators(large,small,andconditionallyexempt),baseduponthequantityofwastetheyproducepermonth.
MostschoolsfallintotheConditionallyExemptSmallQuantityGenerator(CESQG)category.
ACESQGgenerates100kilograms(220pounds)orlesspermonthofhazardouswaste,or1kilogram(2.
2pounds)orlesspermonthofacutelyhazardouswaste.
EPAprovidesdefinitionsofeachgeneratorcategoryanditsspecificrequirementsathttp://www.
epa.
gov/epaoswer/osw/gen_trans/generate.
htm;however,statesmayhaveadditionalrequirementsforgenerators.
Refertothesewastemanagementanddisposalresourcesasrecommendedguidanceforyourschool:EPA,HazardousWasteManagementforSchoolLaboratoriesandClassrooms,http://www.
epa.
gov/region8/humanhealth/children/2HWManagementToolKit.
pdfIdahoDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality,IdahoChemicalRoundupWasteManagementandDisposalatSchools,http://www.
deq.
state.
id.
us/waste/educ_tools/chemical_roundup_waste_disposal_fs.
pdfNebraskaDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality,SchoolChemicalsandDisposal,http://www.
deq.
state.
ne.
us/Publica.
nsf/0/d9583aaae76ad49c8625690b007378a3OpenDocumentFloridaDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection,DisposalGuidelinesforSchoolFacilities,http://www.
dep.
state.
fl.
us/waste/quick_topics/publications/shw/hazardous/SC/DisposalMemoFinal.
pdfThefollowingresourcesmayprovideusefuladditionalinformationinordertoreducetheriskofchemicalaccidents,improvespillresponseprocedures,andensurechemicalsandproductsintheirschoolsaresafelydiscarded:EPA,HazardousWaste&YourSchool,www.
epa.
gov/ne/assistance/schools/pdfs/mefact.
pdfKingCounty,Washington,LaboratoryWasteManagementGuide,FinalReport,http://www.
govlink.
org/hazwaste/publications/LabGuidelinesRevAugust06.
pdfNebraskaDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality,GuidanceDocuments:SchoolChemicalsandDisposal,http://www.
deq.
state.
ne.
us/Publica.
nsf/0/d9583aaae76ad49c8625690b007378a3OpenDocumentMassachusettsDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection,MassachusettsSchoolChemicalManagementProgram,WorkingDraft,http://www.
mass.
gov/dep/service/schlchem.
pdfCouncilofStateScienceSupervisors,ScienceandSafety:MakingtheConnection,http://www.
csss-science.
org/downloads/scisafe.
pdfTheU.
S.
NationalLibraryofMedicine'son-lineWirelessInformationSystemforEmergencyResponders(WISER)providesassistanceinidentifyinghazardoussubstances,aswellasspillcontainmentadvice.
Seehttp://webwiser.
nlm.
nih.
govformoreinformation.
CheckItOutDisposalGuidelinesforSchoolFacilities|20ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsIV.
SpecialCasesCertainchemicalsareworthyofspecialconsiderationduetotheirpresenceinschoolsandtheirnegativeimpactsuponhumanhealthandtheenvironment.
Itisimportanttoidentifypotentialsourcesofexposuretothesechemicalsinschoolsandtofollowproceduresforminimizingtheriskofsuchexposures.
Althoughthissectionisnotall-inclusive,severalexamplesofchemicalsthatposespecialriskstochildren(arsenic,asbestos,lead,andmercury)arediscussed.
IV.
A.
ArsenicArsenicisatoxicheavymetalusedinproductssuchaswoodpreservativesandpesticides.
Exposuretoarsenicisassociatedwithanincreasedriskofbladderandlungcancers,amongotherserioushealtheffects.
8Childrenmaybeexposedtoarseniconschoolgroundsthroughcontactwithmaterialscontainingarseniccompounds,suchaschromatedcopperarsenate(CCA).
CCAisapreservativeandpesticidethatwashistoricallyusedtopressure-treatlumberforoutdoorproducts,includingplaygroundequipment.
ChildrencanbeexposedtoarsenicbyplayingonCCA-treatedrecreationalequipment.
Arsenic-contaminatedsoilfromplaygroundareascontainingCCA-treatedwoodalsocanbetrackedintoclassroomsonshoesorclothing.
9ThelikelihoodthatwoodenplaygroundequipmentatexistingschoolshasbeentreatedwithCCAishigh.
Thoughitsusewasdiscontinuedin2003,existingstocksofCCA-treatedwoodmayhavebeensoldthroughmid-2004.
IfthereisanyquestionastowhetherwoodenplaysetshavebeentreatedwithCCA,itshouldbeassumedthattheyhave.
10ExposuretoCCA-treatedwoodcanbeminimized.
Childrenshouldwashtheirhandsthoroughlywithsoapandwaterimmediatelyafteroutdoorplay.
ChildrenalsoshouldbediscouragedfromeatingnearCCA-treatedwood.
11Ifyourschoolisplanningtoreplaceitsplaygroundequipment,alternativestoCCAareavailable.
Thesealternativesincludeseveralarsenic-freewoodpressuretreatmentsandbuildingmaterialalternativestopressure-treatedwood.
EPAprovidesinformationonalternativestoCCAattheChromatedCopperArsenate(CCA)homepage,http://www.
epa.
gov/oppad001/reregistration/cca/index.
htm#alternatives.
IV.
B.
AsbestosAsbestosisanaturallyoccurringmineralthatwasoncewidelyusedinproductsforitsheatresistantproperties,thoughitsuseshavediminishedsubstantially.
Exposuretoasbestos,particularlyforlongperiodsoftime,canleadtodiseasessuchasasbestosis,lungcancer,andmesothelioma.
12Intact,undisturbedasbestos-containingmaterials(ACMs)generallydonotposeahealthrisk.
Thesematerialsmaybecomehazardousiftheyaredamaged,disturbed,orallowedtodeteriorateandthusreleaseasbestosfibersintobuildingair.
Thoughitsusehasbeendiscontinuedinmanyproducts,ACMcanbefoundinmostofthenation'sprimary,secondary,andcharterschools.
Asbestosismostcommonlyfoundininsulationandbuildingmaterialssuchasfloorandceilingtile,cementasbestospipe,corrugatedpaperpipewrap,acousticalCheckItOutTheEPAprovideslinkstodetailedinformationonChromatedCopperArsenate(CCA),itsuses,anditspotentialhealtheffectsontheCCAhomepage,http://www.
epa.
gov/oppad001/reregistration/cca/.
ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministrators21|AsbestosinSchoolsEPA'sTheABCsofAsbestosinSchools(availableathttp://www.
epa.
gov/asbestos/pubs/abcsfinal.
pdf)answerscommonquestionsaboutasbestosinschoolsandoutlinestheresponsibilitiesofschoolboardsandotherschoolofficialstoprotectchildrenandemployeesfromexposuretoasbestos.
anddecorativeinsulation,pipeandboilerinsulation,windowcaulking,spray-appliedfireproofing,andplasterwallsinolderschools.
Asbestoshasalsobeenusedinlaboratorygloves,laboratoryhoods,andchalkboards.
13Someoftheseproductsremainonthemarket.
FederalrequirementsforasbestosmanagementinschoolswereestablishedbytheAsbestosHazardEmergencyResponseAct(AHERA)of1986,whichrequirespublicschooldistrictsandnon-profitprivateschoolstoinspectbuildingsforasbestos;developplanstomanageanyasbestosfoundinthesebuildings;andcarryoutmanagementplansinatimelyfashion.
14DamagedACMmaybemanagedthroughrepair;variouscontainmentmethods;or,incaseswhereloosefibersarepresent,properremoval.
ItisimportanttonotethatAHERAonlyappliestobuildingmaterials.
Noregulationsgovernthepurchaseoruseofcertainasbestos-containingproducts,suchaslaboratorygloves,inschools.
15EPArecommendsthatasbestos-freeversionsoftheseproductsbepurchasedforuseinschools,alongwithproperdisposalofexistingasbestos-containingmaterials.
IV.
C.
LeadLeadisahighlytoxicmetaloncewidelyusedinproductslikepaint,gasoline,solder,pipes,plumbing,andconstructionmaterials.
Othersourcesofleadintheenvironmentincludeleadfromindustrialemissions.
Exposuretoleadoccurswhenitentersthebodythroughinhalationoringestionofleaddust,particles,orchips.
Leadcancauseseriousdamagetothebrain,nervoussystem,kidneys,andredbloodcells.
Youngchildren,especiallythose6yearsandyounger,areatparticularriskforleadexposurebecausetheyhavefrequenthand-to-mouthactivityandabsorbleadmoreeasilythandoadults.
Evenatlowlevels,leadcancausechildrentohavelearningandbehaviorproblems,delaysinphysicalgrowth,andlowerIQs.
Inschools,leadismostcommonlyfoundinthepaint,dust,soil,andwater.
Someschoolsmayhaveothersourcesoflead,suchasartandphotographysupplies,potteryglazes,andsciencelabmaterials.
Considerreducingtheuseofleadinscienceexperimentsand,whereitmustbeused,onlyuseitindilutesolutionsthatarecapturedandproperlydisposed.
Leadpainthazardsareofspecialconcerninareasoccupiedbychildren.
In1978,theConsumerProductSafetyCommissionbannedtheuseofleadinpaint;therefore,lead-basedpaintislimitedtoolderschoolbuildings.
Thesebuildingsandthesurroundingsoilcanbecontaminatedbyflakingpaintchipsordust.
Theonlywaytoknowforsurewhetheryourschoolhaslead-basedpaintistohavethepaintandsoiltestedforleadbyastate-certifiedleadinspector.
LeadinPaint,Dust,andSoil:EPA,RulesandRegulations,http://www.
epa.
gov/lead/pubs/regulation.
htmLeadinDrinkingWaterinSchools:EPA,3TsforReducingLeadinDrinkingWaterinSchools,http://www.
epa.
gov/safewater/schools/pdfs/lead/toolkit_leadschools_guide_3ts_leadschools.
pdfEPA,GuidanceandTools,http://www.
epa.
gov/safewater/schools/guidance.
htmlCheckItOut|22ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsLeadcanalsoleachintodrinkingwaterfrompipes,solder,orbrassplumbingfixtures.
Thereisnofederallawrequiringsamplingofdrinkingwaterinschoolsthatareservedbyapublicwatersystem,althoughschoolsandlocaljurisdictionsmayestablishprogramsfortestingdrinkingwaterleadlevelsinschools.
EPAandothershaveissuedguidancedesignedtohelpschoolsdevelopandimplementasamplingprotocoltotestforleadintheirdrinkingwater.
16,17,18,19IV.
D.
MercuryMercuryisanaturallyoccurringelementusedtomakemanyconsumerproducts.
Exposuretohighlevelsofmercury,aswouldoccurwiththedirectinhalationofmercuryvaporreleasedduringamercuryspill,isassociatedwithdamagetothebrain,heart,kidneys,lungs,andimmunesystem.
20Whilethegeneralpubliccancleanupsmallmercuryspillsnogreaterthantheamountcontainedinasinglefeverthermometerfollowingproperinstructions,largerspillsmustbecleanedupbyprofessionals.
21Infact,whenaspillofmorethantwotablespoonsofmercuryoccurs,itismandatorytocalltheNationalResponseCenter(800-424-8802).
22Scienceclassroomsandstoreroomsoftencontainelementalmercuryormercurycompoundsusedaslaboratoryreagents.
Scienceclassesalsomayusemercurythermometers,orothermercury-containinglaboratoryinstrumentssuchasbarometers(pressuregaugeformeasuringthepressureoftheatmosphere).
Theseallcreatesignificantrisksofmercuryspills,particularlyifstudentshaveaccesstothem.
Thereisnoneedforscienceclassroomstousethesechemicalsordevices;therearesafe,non-mercuryreplacementsforallofthem.
Inaddition,nurses'officesoftencontainmercuryfeverthermometersandsphygmomanometers(bloodpressuremeasuringdevices),whichalsoposespillrisksbecausetheyareeasilybreakable.
EPAencouragesschoolstopreventspillsbyremovingallelementalmercury,mercurycompounds,andmercurymeasurementdevicesfromclassroomsandnurses'offices.
Schoolsshouldnotuseorstoreelementalmercuryormercurycompounds.
Theyshouldreplaceallmercurythermometersandmanometerswithmercury-freeproducts.
Mercurymustbedisposedofproperly.
AMercurySpillinWashington,D.
C.
"OnOctober2,2003,theWashington,D.
C.
'sFireDepartmentHazmatUnitrespondedtoanemergencycallunlikeanycallBallouHighSchoolhadeverhadtomake.
WhattheD.
C.
'sHazmatunitfoundthatafternoonprovedtobethebeginningofalong,exhaustingsearchforandcleanupofanelementalmercuryspill.
BythetimetheD.
C.
HazmatTeamandtheD.
C.
publichealthofficialsarrived,itwastoolatetocontainallthespills;varyingamountsofmercurywerefoundintheclassrooms,gymnasium,andcafeteria.
Contaminationdidnotstopthere.
Studentsunknowinglycarriedmercurythroughthestreets,ontocityandschoolbuses,andintotheirhomes.
Asaresultofthespill,BallouHighSchoolwasclosedfor35daysandover200homesweretestedformercurycontamination.
"Foradditionalinformation,seeEPA'sSuperfundFeaturedNewsArticle,http://www.
epa.
gov/superfund/news/mercury.
htmMercuryisalsousedinmanyofthetypesofitemsthatarefoundinallbuildings,suchasthermostats,flowmeters,boilercontrols,andelectricalequipment.
Generally,suchequipmentposeslittleriskofspillbecausethemercuryisnoteasilyaccessibleandtheproductsarenoteasilybroken.
However,suchequipmentneedstobedisposedofproperlyattheendofitslife,andnewequipmentshouldbemercuryfree.
Schoolbuildingmaintenancestaffshouldinventorymercury-containingequipment,properlydisposeofitwhenitcomesoutofservice,andimplementmercury-freepurchasingpolicies.
Maintenancestaffshouldalsonotuse,andinsteadproperlydisposeof,anyremainingstoresofoldjanitorialsupplies,suchaslatexpaints(priorto1992)andpesticides(priorto1994),becausethesemaycontainmercury.
23ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministrators23|Schoolsshouldcontinuetouseonecategoryofmercury-containingproduct–fluorescentlamps.
Thereiscurrentlynoalternativetomercury-containingfluorescentlampsthatisasenergyefficientandthatisappropriateforgeneralindoorlighting.
Theenergyefficiencyoffluorescentlampsmakesthemagoodenvironmentalchoicebecauseoflessemissionsofmercuryandotherpollutantsfrompowergeneration.
However,whiletheamountofmercuryineachlampissmall,schoolsusesignificantnumbersoflamps,andthesemustbedisposedofproperly.
ContactyourEPARegionalOffice,theEPARCRAhotlineat(800-424-9346),oryourstateagencytoconfirmthemostcurrentrulesandinformationonfluorescentlampwastemanagementanddisposalinyourstate.
|24ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsV.
ConclusionChemicalsareuseddailyinboththemaintenanceofschoolsandthecurriculumtaught.
Theyhelpstudentstoperformexperimentsandlearnnewskills,amongotherbenefits.
Theyareimportanttomanyaspectsofschoolmaintenance.
Intheabsenceofchemicals,schoolswouldlackcertainfundamentaltoolsneededtoeducatestudents.
Despitetheirusefulpurposes,chemicalscanbedangeroustostudentsandstaffwhenmanagedimproperly.
Somechemicalsthatarepersistentintheenvironmentandbioaccumulatethroughthefoodchaincanmakeexposureduringchildhoodandadolescenceespeciallydangerous.
Ensuringthatchemicalsareproperlymanagedwillhelpschooladministratorstosafeguardthehealthandsafetyofstudentsandschoolemployees;avoiddisposalexpensesandschoolclosuresassociatedwithspillsandemergencyincidents;maintainasenseoftrustbetweenthedistrictandthesurroundingcommunity;andpreventunintendeddischargesandspillswhichinflictdamageupontheenvironment.
Consistentpoliciesandpracticesarerecommendedinallschoolsystems:Appointresponsibleleadershipandinstitute"teamtraining"regardingbestpracticesofchemicalandproductmanagement.
Supportchemicalmanagementeffortwithappropriatebudget.
Shareyourexperienceswithotherdistrictsandadministrators.
Purchasesaferalternativestohazardoussubstances.
Adoptpoliciesencouragingproperpurchasing,labeling,storage,anddisposalofchemicalsandproducts.
Trainfacultyandstaff(andstudents,asapplicable)onthepotentialdangersposedbychemicalsandonalternativesthatarelesshazardousthatmaybeavailable.
Disseminateinformationonreducingthequantityandhazardsofhazardouschemicalsandproducts.
Whenimplementedeffectively,chemicalmanagementpromotesawarenessabouttherangeofchemicalsandproductsusedinschoolsandcreatesahealthierandsaferatmosphereforschooloccupantsandthesurroundingenvironment.
Foradditionalinformation,contactyourEPARegionalOfficeorconsulton-lineresourcestounderstandenvironmentalhealthissuesinschools,suchasEPA'sSC3andEPA'sHealthySEAT.
TheultimatepurposeoftheSC3istoreducechemicalexposuresandimprovechemicalmanagementinK-12schools,whileHealthySEATcanbecustomizedtoassistschooldistrictsintheevaluationandmanagementofalloftheirenvironmental,safety,andhealthissues,includingallaspectsoftheirchemicalmanagementprograms.
CheckItOutEPAResourcesforAdditionalInformationSchoolsChemicalCleanoutCampaign(SC3),http://www.
epa.
gov/sc3/HealthySchoolEnvironmentsAssessmentTool(HealthySEAT),http://epa.
gov/schools/healthyseat/ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministrators25|References1EPA.
2006.
CaseStudy–Environmental,Health&SafetyIssuesinOneNewEnglandPublicHighSchool,Summary1996.
Availableathttp://www.
epa.
gov/region1/assistance/schools/health.
html[AccessedMarch24,2006].
2UniversityofWisconsin-Extension.
2004.
WhyFocusonMercuryinSchoolsAvailableathttp://www.
mercuryinschools.
uwex.
edu/schools/why.
htm[LastupdatedJuly15,2004;AccessedMay23,2006].
3EPA.
2006.
WhatistheTSCAChemicalSubstanceInventoryAvailableathttp://www.
epa.
gov/opptintr/newchems/pubs/invntory.
htm[LastupdatedMarch3,2006].
4NationalInstitutesofHealth,NationalLibraryofMedicine.
2004.
HouseholdProductsDatabaseFrequentlyAskedQuestions.
Availableathttp://householdproducts.
nlm.
nih.
gov/faq.
htm#7[AccessedApril26,2006].
5MarylandStateDepartmentofEducation.
1999.
ScienceSafetyManual:ChapterVII.
Chemicals:Managing,HandlingandDisposing.
Availableathttp://www.
mdk12.
org/instruction/curriculum/science/safety/chemicals.
html[AccessedApril6,2006].
6ExecutiveOrder13101--GreeningtheGovernmentThroughWastePrevention,Recycling,andFederalAcquisition.
September14,1998,availableathttp://www.
ofee.
gov/eo/13101.
htm.
7MarylandStateDepartmentofEducation,http://www.
mdk12.
org/instruction/curriculum/science/safety/chemicals.
pdf.
8U.
S.
ConsumerProductSafetyCommission.
2006.
ChromatedCopperArsenate(CCA)–TreatedWoodUsedinPlaygroundEquipmentFactSheet.
Availableat:http://www.
cpsc.
gov/phth/ccafact.
html[AccessedApril5,2006].
9Shendell,D.
,C.
Barnett,andS.
Boese.
2004.
Science-basedrecommendationstopreventorreducepotentialexposurestobiological,chemical,andphysicalagentsinschools,HealthySchoolsNetwork,Inc.
[Availableathttp://www.
healthyschools.
org/documents/HPSchlsWhtPpr.
pdf].
10U.
S.
ConsumerProductSafetyCommission.
2006.
ChromatedCopperArsenate(CCA)-TreatedWoodUsedinPlaygroundEquipmentFactSheet.
Availableat:http://www.
cpsc.
gov/phth/ccafact.
html[AccessedApril5,2006].
11U.
S.
ConsumerProductSafetyCommission.
2006.
ChromatedCopperArsenate(CCA)-TreatedWoodUsedinPlaygroundEquipmentFactSheet.
Availableat:http://www.
cpsc.
gov/phth/ccafact.
html[AccessedApril5,2006].
12EPA.
2006.
AsbestosandSchools.
Availableat:http://www.
epa.
gov/asbestos/pubs/asbestosinschools.
html#5[AccessedApril5,2006].
13EPA.
2006.
WhereCanAsbestosBeFoundAvailableat:http://www.
epa.
gov/asbestos/pubs/asbuses.
pdf[AccessedApril5,2006].
14EPA.
2003.
TheABC'sofAsbestosinSchools.
Availableathttp://www.
epa.
gov/asbestos/pubs/abcsfinal.
pdf[RevisedAugust2003;AccessedOctober4,2006].
15PhilKing,U.
S.
EPARegionVAsbestosCoordinator.
2006.
Personalcommunication[February24,2006].
|26ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministrators16UniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.
2000.
WorkinginaLead-SafeSchool,FactsforSchoolMaintenanceWorkers.
Availableathttp://ist-socrates.
berkeley.
edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/LEADSAFE.
PDF[AccessedMay30,2006].
17EPA.
2006.
LeadinPaint,Dust,andSoil.
Availableathttp://www.
epa.
gov/lead/index.
html[AccessedMay16,2006].
18EPA.
2006.
3TsforReducingLeadinDrinkingWaterinSchools.
Availableathttp://www.
epa.
gov/safewater/schools/pdfs/lead/toolkit_leadschools_guide_3ts_leadschools.
pdf[AccessedMay26,2006].
19EPA.
1994.
LeadinDrinkingWaterinSchoolsandNon-ResidentialBuildings.
Availableathttp://www.
epa.
gov/safewater/consumer/pdf/leadinschools.
pdf[AccessedMay30,2006].
20EPA.
2006.
Mercury-BasicInformation.
Availableathttp://www.
epa.
gov/mercury/about.
htm#sources[AccessedApril5,2006].
21EPA.
2006.
Mercury-Spills,Disposal,andSiteCleanup.
Availableathttp://epa.
gov/mercury/disposal.
htm#SPILLS[AccessedApril5,2006].
22EPA.
2006.
EnvironmentalEmergencies.
Availableathttp://www.
epa.
gov/epahome/emergenc.
htm[AccessedNovember1,2006].
23UniversityofWisconsinExtension'sSolidandHazardousWasteEducationCenter.
2003.
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mercuryinschools.
uwex.
edu/schools/where.
htm[AccessedApril5,2006].
24LAUSD,OEHS.
2005.
LAUSDApprovedChemicalsList(InventoryList).
Availableathttp://www.
lausd-oehs.
org/docs/CSC/Combined%20Chemical%20Inventory.
pdf[AccessedApril5,2006].
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2006.
ModelSchoolIPMPolicy.
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alternatives2toxics.
org/pdfs/sampleIPMpolicy.
pdf[AccessedApril4,2006].
26LAUSD,OEHS.
2005.
SchoolLaboratoryChemicalHygiene&SafetyPlan.
Availableathttp://www.
lausd-oehs.
org/docs/CSC/Chemical%20Hygiene%20Plan.
pdf[AccessedApril5,2006].
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CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,OfficeofHealthandSafety.
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ChemicalStorageGuidelines.
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cdc.
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1964(asamended,through2005).
RulesandRegulationsforSchoolHealthPrograms.
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rules.
state.
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pdf[AccessedApril5,2006].
29WashingtonDepartmentofHealthandOfficeofSuperintendentofOfficeofPublicInstruction.
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HealthandSafetyGuideforK-12SchoolsinWashington,2ndEdition.
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pdf[AccessedApril27,2006].
ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsA-1|AppendixChemicalHygieneandManagementPlansResponsiblechemicalmanagementandhazardcommunicationprocedureshelptominimizetheriskofaccidentalexposuresinschools.
Chemicalhygieneormanagementplansprovideguidelinesforhandlingchemicalsinschoolsusingtoolssuchasinventorylists(seeexamplebelow,extractedfromanexistinginventorylist24).
LAUSDAPPROVEDCHEMICALSLIST(INVENTORYLIST)School/Site:Name:Signature:RoomNo.
TimeSpent:Date:ChemicalNameManufacturerMaterialSafetyDataSheetYes/NoCompatibleStorageHazardHealthEffectsHRTotalNumberofContainersTotalQuantityGM=grams,KG=kilograms,LB=pounds,OZ=ounce,CC,literShelfLife(Months)ExpiredChemicalYes/NoGram'sIodineStain=IodineSolution,GramI-2Poison,Humanmutationdatareported,Experimentalreproductiveeffects.
31–10GypsumCaSO4.
xH2OI-2SeeHazardRating(HR)11–10IodeosinC20H8I4O5I-2Poison,Humanmutationdatareported,Experimentalreproductiveeffects.
31–10****Iodine(crystals)(PEL0.
1ppm)I-2Poison,Humanmutationdatareported,Experimentalreproductiveeffects.
31–10IodineSolutionI-2Poison,Humanmutationdatareported,Experimentalreproductiveeffects.
31–10LithiumChlorideLiClI-2Poison,Humanmutationdatareported,Questionablecarcinogen,Experimentalneoplastigenic,teratogenicandreproductiveeffects.
31–10|A-2ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsExamplesofschoolchemicalhygiene/managementplansandassociatedresourcesinclude:MaineDepartmentofLabor,SampleChemicalHygienePlanforMaineSchools,http://www.
safetyworksmaine.
com/safe_workplace/sample_programs/school_chemical_hygiene_plan.
htmMaineDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection,ScientificLabChemicalInventoryspreadsheet,http://www.
maine.
gov/dep/mercury/chemical_inventory_list.
xlsColoradoDepartmentofPublicHealthandEnvironment,GuidanceonChemicalManagementinSchools,http://www.
cdphe.
state.
co.
us/cp/Institutions/Schools/Chems%20In%20Schools/ChemMgmt.
htmlMassachusettsDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection,MassachusettsSchoolChemicalManagementProgram,http://www.
mass.
gov/dep/service/schlchem.
pdfIllinoisStateBoardofEducation,Chapter12oftheGuidebookforScienceSafetyinIllinois,http://www.
isbe.
net/ils/science/pdf/science_safety.
pdfEPA,ChemicalManagementandUsage,http://www.
epa.
gov/Region7/education_resources/teachers/ehsstudy/ehs1.
htmHazardCommunicationProgramsalsohavebeenimplementedinvariousschooldistricts:PutnamCitySchools(Oklahoma)–HazardCommunicationStandard,http://www.
putnamcityschools.
org/pageid333.
htmlPenascoIndependentSchoolDistrict(NewMexico)–HazardCommunicationProgram,http://www.
penasco.
k12.
nm.
us/policies/10_12.
htmCheckItOutChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsA-3|ModelSchoolIPMPolicyA.
PolicyStatementThe{insertname}SchoolDistrictrecognizesthatthemaintenanceofasafe,clean,andhealthyenvironmentforstudentsandstaffisessentialtolearning.
ItisthegoaloftheDistricttoprovidethesafestandlowestriskapproachtocontrolpestproblems,whileprotectingstudents,staff,theenvironment,anddistrictproperty.
TheDistrictherebyadoptsaLeast-ToxicIntegratedPestManagement(IPM)policy.
Thispolicyshallfocusonlong-termpestpreventionandgivenon-chemicalmethodsfirstconsiderationwhenselectingappropriatecontroltechniques.
Thefullrangeofalternatives,includingtakingnoaction,willbeconsideredfirst,withchemicalcontrolsusedasalastresort.
Preferencewillbegiventochemicalsandmethodsofapplicationthatposetheleasthazardstopeopleandtheenvironment.
TheDistrict'slong-termgoalistheeliminationofallchemicalpestcontrolmethods.
B.
RoleoftheIPMCoordinatorTheIPMcoordinatorshallbenamedtocoordinatethedistrict'seffortstoadoptIPMtechniques,andshallbeprovidedwithtrainingonleasttoxicpestmanagementpractices.
Specificresponsibilitiesinclude:OverallprogrammanagementandprovidingproposedregulationsorproceduresandproductsforuseinmanagingpestpopulationsEducationandtrainingforIPMpersonnelFormalannualnotificationtoparents,staff,andstudentsofanypotentialchemicalpesticideapplicationPostingofwarningsignsforallpesticideapplicationsEstablishmentandmaintenanceofaregistryofparents,staff,andstudentswhohaveindicatedadesireforpriornotificationofeachpesticideapplicationAdvancenotificationforindividualpesticideapplicationsRecordkeepingforanychemicalpesticideapplicationC.
PesticideProductSelectionandUseApprovalSelectionofpesticideproductswillbebasedontheIPMcoordinator'sreviewoftheproduct'scontents,precautions,andadversehealtheffects.
TheIPMCoordinatorwillprioritizetheuseofthefollowingnontoxicproducts:1.
ApprovedProductsMechanicalorBiologicalProductsCaulkingagentsandcracksealantsPhysicalbarriersElectronicproducts,heat,andlightsChemicalProductsSoap-basedproductsBorates,silicates,anddiatomaceousearthInsecticideorrodenticideself-containedbaitsandtrapsSampleGuidelinesInadditiontopreparingcomprehensivemanagementplans,manyschooldistrictsthroughouttheU.
S.
haveimplementedothertypesofguidelines,suchasintegratedpestmanagement(IPM)policies,tominimizetheuseoftoxicchemicals.
AnexcerptadaptedfromasamplepolicydevelopedforusebyCaliforniaschoolsisshownbelow:25|A-4ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsFormoreinformationonIPMinschools,visit:EPA,IntegratedPestManagement(IPM)inSchools,http://www.
epa.
gov/pesticides/ipm/EPA,Pesticides:ControllingPests,StoringPesticides,http://www.
epa.
gov/pesticides/ipm/brochure/steps6-7.
htmCaliforniaDepartmentofPesticideRegulation,ModelProgramGuidebook,2ndEdition,http://www.
cdpr.
ca.
gov/cfdocs/apps/schoolipm/managing_pests/guidebook.
cfmUniversityofFlorida/EPA,NationalSchoolIPMInformationSource,http://schoolipm.
ifas.
ufl.
edu/TexasA&MUniversity/EPA,IPMResourceCenterforSchoolsandChildcareFacilities,http://schoolipm.
tamu.
edu/MassachusettsNaturalResourcesCollaboration,IPMTools&Resources,http://massnrc.
org/ipm/schools-daycare/ipm-tools-resources.
htmlMinnesotaDepartmentofAgriculture,ManagementofPesticides,www.
mda.
state.
mn.
us/ipm/fspesticides.
pdfNationalPesticideInformationCenter,http://npic.
orst.
edu/CheckItOutChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsA-5|ChecklistsChecklistsareoftenusedtoclearlyidentifychemicalmanagementactionsandtoverifythattheyhavebeencompleted(seebasicexamplebelow,anexcerptadaptedfromtheLosAngelesUnifiedSchoolDistrict"SchoolLaboratoryChemicalHygiene&SafetyPlan"26).
LOSANGELESUNIFIEDSCHOOLDISTRICTMONTHLYCHECKLISTFORSAFEHANDLINGANDSTORAGEOFCHEMICALSTobecompletedbyC.
S.
C.
ACTIVITYYesNo1.
Allchemicalsarecorrectlyandclearlylabeled.
2.
UnlabeledcontainersandchemicalwasteshavebeeninventoriesandadisposalrequestsubmittedtoOEHS.
3.
Onlychemicalsthatarebeingusedarecontinuallybeingstored.
4.
Onlytheamountofchemicalswhichcanbeconsumedwithinayeararebeingstored.
5.
CSCisawareofandhastrainedothersonhazardsandprecautionsforprotectionpriortousinganychemical,andhasreviewedtheprecautionarylabelsandcontentsbeforeusinganychemicalproduct.
6.
Allchemicalsarestoredbycompatibility(seeCHSPAppendixIV,TableIdentificationChartandTable2:StorageforCompatibilityCategories).
1:ChemicalShelfStorage7.
Chemicalsarestoredonshelvesbeloweyelevel.
8.
Chemicalsarebeingstoredonthefloor.
9.
Chemicalsarebeingstoredinapprovedstoragecabinets.
10.
Neutralizingchemicals,absorbentandotherspillcontrolmaterialsarereadilyavailable.
11.
Compressedgascylindersareuprightandsecuredtothewallwithcapsinplace.
12.
Storagecabinetsforcorrosivechemicals(separatedforacidsandforbases)areappropriatelylabeled.
13.
Flammablematerialsarestoredinapprovedstoragecabinets.
14.
Shelvingisequippedwithtippingofentiresections.
lipstopreventproductsfromrollingoffshelvesandsecuredtowalls/floortoprevent15.
Storageareas/cabinetsarelabeledtoidentifythehazardousnatureoftheproductsstoredwithin.
16.
ClassABCfireextinguishersareavailableinchemicalstorageareasandareinworkingorder.
17.
Therearenosourcesofignitioninthechemicalstoragearea.
18.
Chemicalstorageareahastwoexitsandegress(exiting)areaisclear.
19.
Usedandcontaminatedreagentsarestoredandlabeledproperly.
20.
Currentanddatedinventorylistsarepostedclearlyineachstorageroomthroughoutthesciencedepartment.
21.
Chemicalstoragecabinetsarelockedwhenlaboratoryclassesarenotinsession.
Certification:IherebycertifythatIhavecompletedalloftheaboveactivitiesinfulfillmentofmyresponsibilitiesastheChemicalSafetyCoordinator(CSC)formyschool.
DateSchoolCSCSignatureCSCName(print)|A-6ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsCheckItOutAdditionalchecklistsareavailableat:EPA,HealthySeatAssessmentChecklist,http://www.
epa.
gov/schools/healthyseat/AssessmentChecklist_Blank.
pdfNationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth,NIOSHSafetyChecklistProgramforSchools,http://www.
cdc.
gov/niosh/docs/2004-101/default.
htmlMassachusettsHealthySchoolsCouncil,ChecklistConcerningEnvironmentalHealth&SafetyinSchools,http://mass.
gov/Eeohhs2/docs/dph/environmental/iaq/schools_checklist.
pdfWashingtonDepartmentofHealthandOfficeofSuperintendentofOfficeofPublicInstruction,HealthandSafetyGuideforK-12SchoolsinWashington(PartII),http://www.
k12.
wa.
us/SchFacilities/HealthSafetyGuide.
aspxChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsA-7|ChemicalPurchasing,Storage,andDesignGuidelinesChemicalpurchasing,storage,anddesignguidelineshavebeendevelopedbymanyschooldistrictsandstateagenciesinanefforttoeliminateunnecessarypurchasesofhazardoussubstancesandavoiddangerousstoragescenarios.
Generalchemicalstorageprinciplesareillustratedinthefollowingexample,adaptedfromtheU.
S.
CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,OfficeofHealthandSafety'sChemicalStorageGuidelines:27ClassofChemicalRecommendedStorageMethodExamplesIncompatibilitiesCompressedgasesFlammable–Storeinacool,dryarea,awayfromSecurelystraporchaincylinderstooxidizinggases.
awallorbench.
Methane,Hydrogen,Acetylene,PropaneOxidizingandtoxiccompressedgases,oxidizingsolidsCompressedgasesOxidizing–Storeinacool,dryarea,awayfromflammablegasesandliquids.
Securelystraporchaincylinderstoawallorbench.
Oxygen,Chlorine,BromineFlammablegasesCompressedgasesPoisonous–Storeinacool,dryarea,awayfromflammablegasesandliquids.
Securelystraporchaincylinderstoawallorbench.
Carbonmonoxide,Hydrogensulfide,NitrogendioxideFlammableand/oroxidizinggasesCorrosives–AcidsStoreseparatelyinacidstoragecabinet.
Segregateoxidizingacids(i.
e.
,Chromic,nitric,sulfuric,andperchloricacids)fromorganicacids.
Aceticacid,Phenol,Sulfuricacid,Chromerge,Nitricacid,Perchloricacid,Chromicacid,HydrochloricacidFlammableliquids,flammablesolids,bases,oxidizersCorrosives–BasesStoreinseparatecorrosivestoragesolutionsofinorganichydroxidesinpolyethylenecontainers.
cabinet.
StorelabeledAmmoniumhydroxide,Sodiumhydroxide,CalciumhydroxideFlammableliquids,oxidizers,poisons,acidsFlammableLiquidsStoreinflammablestoragecabinetandawayfromsourcesofignition.
Storehighlyvolatileflammableliquidsinanexplosion-proofrefrigerator.
Acetone,Benzene,Diethylether,Methanol,Ethanol,Toluene,GlacialaceticacidAcids,bases,oxidizers,poisonsConsultthefollowingresourcesformoreinformationonchemicalstorage,purchasing,anddesign:CalifornianDepartmentofEnvironmentalHealthHazardAssessment,ArtHazards,http://www.
oehha.
ca.
gov/education/art/index.
htmlKingCounty,Washington,RehabtheLab,http://www.
govlink.
org/hazwaste/schoolyouth/rehab/index.
htmandhttp://www.
epa.
gov/epaoswer/osw/conserve/2004news/03-labs.
htmIowaMetroWasteAuthority,RehabtheLab(HazardousMaterials),http://www.
metro-waste.
com/sch_reh.
htmlEPA,HealthySchoolEnvironmentResources:ChemicalPurchasing,http://cfpub.
epa.
gov/schools/top_sub.
cfmt_id=361&s_id=363MassachusettsDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection,MassachusettsSchoolChemicalManagementProgram,http://www.
mass.
gov/dep/service/schlchem.
pdfCommonwealthofMassachusetts,EnvironmentallyPreferablePurchasingProgram,Product&ServiceInformation,http://www.
mass.
gov/epp/products.
htmIllinoisEPAandWasteManagementResourceCenter,GreeningSchoolshomepage,http://www.
greeningschools.
org/MarylandStateDepartmentofEducation,ScienceFacilitiesGuidelines,Chapter5:DesignConsiderations,http://www.
mdk12.
org/instruction/curriculum/hsa/science_facility/chapter5.
htmlCheckItOut|A-8ChemicalManagementResourceGuideforSchoolAdministratorsUseofChemicalsinSchoolsSomestateshavetakenregulatoryactionstolimittheuseofchemicalsinschools.
Forexample,RhodeIsland28prohibitstheuseoflistedchemicalsinschools(seeexcerptsfromRhodeIsland'slistbelow).
TheStateofWashington'sDepartmentofHealthandOfficeofSuperintendentofPublicInstructionalsohavepublishedatieredlistofchemicals:(1)unsuitableforuse(seeAppendixD,Table1oftheirguide)inK-12schoolsduetoexcessiveriskthatexceedstheireducationalutility,and(2)appropriateonlyforadvanced-levelhighschoolscienceclassesduetohighriskandlimitedtosmall-ormicro-scalequantities(seeAppendixD,Table2oftheirguide).
29Furthermore,chemicalsthatareallowedinschoolsmayvaryacrossdistrictsfordifferentreasons(e.
g.
,staffexperience,training).
FullChemicalNameCAS#Reference1-(2-tert-Butylperoxyisopropyl)-3-isopropenylbenzene96319-55-049CFR173.
2251-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea5344-82-1EPAAcutelyToxic(PListed)1,1-Di-(tert-amylperoxy)cyclohexane15667-10-449CFR173.
2251,1-Di-(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane6731-36-849CFR173.
2251,1-Di-(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane3006-86-849CFR173.
2251,1'-DiazoaminonaphthaleneDOTForbidden1,1-Dimethyl-3-hydroxybutylperoxyneoheptanoate49CFR173.
2251,2,3-Propanetriol,trinitrate(R)55-63-0EPAAcutelyToxic(PListed)1,2,4-butanetrioltrinitrateDOTForbiddenBenzene71-43-2ReproductiveToxin,SelectCarcinogenbenzenediazonimchlorideDOTForbiddenBenzenesulphohydrazide80-17-149CFR173.
224benzenetriozonideDOTForbiddenBenzene,(chloromethyl)-100-44-7EPAAcutelyToxic(PListed)carbazole86-74-8IARCListofKnownandSuspectedHumanCarcinogensCarbonicdichloride75-15-0EPAAcutelyToxic(PListed)carrageenan9000-07-1IARCListofKnownandSuspectedHumanCarcinogenschlordane57-74-9IARCListofKnownandSuspectedHumanCarcinogensdichloromethane75-09-2IARCListofKnownandSuspectedHumanCarcinogensDieldrin60-57-1EPAAcutelyToxic(PListed)guanylnitrosaminoguanylidenehydrazineDOTExplosivehexanitrodiphenylamine131-73-7DOTExplosiveIsopropylEther108-20-3PeroxidizableLeadandleadcompounds7439-92-1ReproductiveToxinMethylchloromethylether107-30-2OSHAListedChemicalsMethylethylketoneperoxide1338-23-449CFR173.
225Otherstatesthathavepassedregulationsrelatedtochemicalsinschools:ColoradoDepartmentofPublicHealthandEnvironment,RulesandRegulationsGoverningSchoolsintheStateofColorado,http://www.
csmate.
colostate.
edu/cltw/Colorado_Rules.
pdfCheckItOutLeadershipandResourcesPollutionPreventionandGreenerAlternativesChemicalandProductManagementChemicalInventoryPurchasingStorageandHandlingTrainingHazardCommunicationSpills,Cleanup,andDisposalUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyOfficeofPollutionPreventionandToxics,(7409-M)WashingtonDC20460OfficialBusinessPenaltyforPrivateUse$300EPA747-R-06-002December2006