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CountryPolicyandInformationNoteBangladesh:Backgroundinformation,includinginternalrelocationVersion3.
0April2020Page2of14PrefacePurposeThisnoteprovidescountryoforigininformation(COI)andanalysisofCOIforusebyHomeOfficedecisionmakershandlingparticulartypesofprotectionandhumanrightsclaims(assetoutintheIntroductionsection).
Itisnotintendedtobeanexhaustivesurveyofaparticularsubjectortheme.
Itissplitintotwomainsections:(1)analysisandassessmentofCOIandotherevidence;and(2)COI.
Theseareexplainedinmoredetailbelow.
AssessmentThissectionanalysestheevidencerelevanttothisnote–i.
e.
theCOIsection;refugee/humanrightslawsandpolicies;andapplicablecaselaw–bydescribingthisanditsinter-relationships,andprovidesanassessmentof,ingeneral,whetheroneormoreofthefollowingapplies:ApersonisreasonablylikelytofacearealriskofpersecutionorseriousharmThegeneralhumanitariansituationissosevereastobreachArticle15(b)ofEuropeanCouncilDirective2004/83/EC(theQualificationDirective)/Article3oftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsastransposedinparagraph339Cand339CA(iii)oftheImmigrationRulesThesecuritysituationpresentsarealrisktoacivilian'slifeorpersonsuchthatitwouldbreachArticle15(c)oftheQualificationDirectiveastransposedinparagraph339Cand339CA(iv)oftheImmigrationRulesApersonisabletoobtainprotectionfromthestate(orquasistatebodies)ApersonisreasonablyabletorelocatewithinacountryorterritoryAclaimislikelytojustifygrantingasylum,humanitarianprotectionorotherformofleave,andIfaclaimisrefused,itislikelyorunlikelytobecertifiableas'clearlyunfounded'undersection94oftheNationality,ImmigrationandAsylumAct2002.
Decisionmakersmust,however,stillconsiderallclaimsonanindividualbasis,takingintoaccounteachcase'sspecificfacts.
CountryoforigininformationThecountryinformationinthisnotehasbeencarefullyselectedinaccordancewiththegeneralprinciplesofCOIresearchassetoutintheCommonEU[EuropeanUnion]GuidelinesforProcessingCountryofOriginInformation(COI),datedApril2008,andtheAustrianCentreforCountryofOriginandAsylumResearchandDocumentation's(ACCORD),ResearchingCountryOriginInformation–TrainingManual,2013.
Namely,takingintoaccounttheCOI'srelevance,reliability,accuracy,balance,currency,transparencyandtraceability.
Thestructureandcontentofthecountryinformationsectionfollowsatermsofreferencewhichsetsoutthegeneralandspecifictopicsrelevanttothisnote.
Page3of14Allinformationincludedinthenotewaspublishedormadepubliclyavailableonorbeforethe'cut-off'date(s)inthecountryinformationsection.
Anyeventtakingplaceorreport/articlepublishedafterthesedate(s)isnotincluded.
Allinformationispubliclyaccessibleorcanbemadepubliclyavailable,andisfromgenerallyreliablesources.
Sourcesandtheinformationtheyprovidearecarefullyconsideredbeforeinclusion.
Factorsrelevanttotheassessmentofthereliabilityofsourcesandinformationinclude:themotivation,purpose,knowledgeandexperienceofthesourcehowtheinformationwasobtained,includingspecificmethodologiesusedthecurrencyanddetailofinformation,andwhethertheCOIisconsistentwithand/orcorroboratedbyothersources.
Multiplesourcingisusedtoensurethattheinformationisaccurate,balancedandcorroborated,sothatacomprehensiveandup-to-datepictureatthetimeofpublicationisprovidedoftheissuesrelevanttothisnote.
Informationiscomparedandcontrasted,wheneverpossible,toprovidearangeofviewsandopinions.
Theinclusionofasource,however,isnotanendorsementofitoranyview(s)expressed.
Eachpieceofinformationisreferencedinabrieffootnote;fulldetailsofallsourcescitedandconsultedincompilingthenotearelistedalphabeticallyinthebibliography.
FeedbackOurgoalistocontinuouslyimproveourmaterial.
Therefore,ifyouwouldliketocommentonthisnote,pleaseemailtheCountryPolicyandInformationTeam.
IndependentAdvisoryGrouponCountryInformationTheIndependentAdvisoryGrouponCountryInformation(IAGCI)wassetupinMarch2009bytheIndependentChiefInspectorofBordersandImmigrationtosupporthiminreviewingtheefficiency,effectivenessandconsistencyofapproachofCOIproducedbytheHomeOffice.
TheIAGCIwelcomesfeedbackontheHomeOffice'sCOImaterial.
ItisnotthefunctionoftheIAGCItoendorseanyHomeOfficematerial,proceduresorpolicy.
TheIAGCImaybecontactedat:IndependentAdvisoryGrouponCountryInformationIndependentChiefInspectorofBordersandImmigration5thFloorGlobeHouse89EcclestonSquareLondon,SW1V1PNEmail:chiefinspector@icibi.
gov.
ukInformationabouttheIAGCI'sworkandalistofthedocumentswhichhavebeenreviewedbytheIAGCIcanbefoundontheIndependentChiefInspector'spagesofthegov.
ukwebsite.
Page4of14ContentsAssessment51.
Introduction.
51.
1Scopeofthisnote.
51.
2Pointstonote52.
Considerationofissues52.
1Credibility.
52.
2Exclusion.
52.
3Internalrelocation.
6Countryinformation.
73.
History74.
Geographyanddemography74.
1Area.
74.
2Population74.
3AdministrativeDivisionsandmaincities.
74.
4Ethnicandreligiousgroups84.
5Languages.
95.
Economy.
95.
1Economicgrowth.
95.
2Employment105.
3Socialsecuritysystem.
105.
4Education116.
Securityforcesandjudiciary.
117.
Citizenshipandnationality118.
Freedomofmovement.
129.
Entry/exitprocedures.
1310.
Documentation.
13Versioncontrol.
14Page5of14AssessmentUpdated:25January20181.
Introduction1.
1Scopeofthisnote1.
1.
1Whether,ingeneral,apersonwhofearsseriousharmorpersecutionfromnon-stateactorscaninternallyrelocatewithinBangladesh.
BacktoContents1.
2Pointstonote1.
2.
1Forfurtherinformationandguidanceonparticularclaimtypes,seetheCountryPolicyandInformationNotes(CPINs)onBangladesh.
1.
2.
2InSeptember2017,theHomeOfficepublishedareportofaFact-FindingMission(FFM)toBangladeshundertakeninMay2017.
TheFFMhadawidebrief,coveringthepoliticalsituation,police,judiciary,religiousminorities,andsexualminorities,amongstothersubjects.
ThisCPINshouldbereadalongsidetheFFMreport.
1.
2.
3The'BangladeshCountryOverview'report,datedDecember2017,producedbytheEuropeanAsylumSupportOffice(EASO),alsoprovidesusefulbackgroundinformationaboutBangladesh.
BacktoContents2.
Considerationofissues2.
1Credibility2.
1.
1Forinformationonassessingcredibility,seetheinstructiononAssessingCredibilityandRefugeeStatus.
2.
1.
2DecisionmakersmustalsocheckiftherehasbeenapreviousapplicationforaUKvisaoranotherformofleave.
Asylumapplicationsmatchedtovisasshouldbeinvestigatedpriortotheasyluminterview(seetheAsylumInstructiononVisaMatches,AsylumClaimsfromUKVisaApplicants).
2.
1.
1Decisionmakersshouldalsoconsidertheneedtoconductlanguageanalysistesting(seetheAsylumInstructiononLanguageAnalysis).
BacktoContents2.
2Exclusion2.
2.
1Decisionmakersmustconsiderwhetherone(ormore)oftheexclusionclausesapplies.
IfthepersonisexcludedfromtheRefugeeConvention,theywillalsobeexcludedfromagrantofhumanitarianprotection.
Eachcasemustbeconsideredonitsindividualfactsandmerits.
2.
2.
2Forfurtherguidanceontheexclusionclausesandrestrictedleave,seetheAsylumInstructiononExclusion:Article1FoftheRefugeeConventionandtheAsylumInstructiononRestrictedLeave.
BacktoContentsPage6of142.
3Internalrelocation2.
3.
1Bangladeshisahighly,andverydensely,populatedcountryandapersonislegally(andpractically)abletomovefreelyaroundthecountry,excepttoCox'sBazarandtheChittagongHillTracts(CHT)inthesouthbecauseoftheRohingyamigrationcrisis(seeFreedomofmovementandtheCountryPolicyandInformationNoteonBurma:Rohingya).
2.
3.
2Accesstoeconomicmeans,socialsupportandeducationareallavailable(seeEmployment,SocialsecuritysystemandEducation).
BengalicultureexistsinallpartsofBangladesh(seeEthnicandreligiousgroupsandLanguages),sointernalrelocationisnotculturallyorlinguisticallyunreasonable.
2.
3.
3Ingeneral,wheretheriskisfromnon-stateagents,relocationtoanotherareaofBangladeshislikelytobereasonable,dependingonaperson'scircumstances.
Decisionmakersmustdetermineeachcaseonitsfactsand,ifapplicable,consulttheguidancefortherelevantcategoryofclaim.
2.
3.
4SeetheCountryPolicyandInformationNoteonBangladesh:womenfearinggender-basedviolenceforinformationandguidanceaboutrestrictionsonwomen'smovementwithinthecountry.
2.
3.
5Forfurtherguidanceoninternalrelocation,seeAsylumInstructionsonAssessingCredibilityandRefugeeStatusandGenderIssuesintheAsylumClaim.
BacktoContentsPage7of14CountryinformationSection3updated:8January20183.
History3.
1.
1ForanoverviewofBangladesh'srecenthistory,seetheBBC'sBangladeshProfile,whichincludesatimelineofevents.
BacktoContentsSection4updated:8January20184.
Geographyanddemography4.
1Area4.
1.
1BangladeshbordersIndiatothewest,northandeast,Burma(Myanmar)tothesouth-eastandtheBayofBengaltothesouth,andhasatotallandareaof130,168sq.
km1.
ThisisaboutthesizeofEngland2.
BacktoContents4.
2Population4.
2.
1TheUSCentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA)estimatedBangladesh'spopulationat157,826,578inJuly2017,makingittheeighthmostpopulatedcountryintheworld.
Urbanareaswithsignificantpopulationsinclude(accordingto2015data):Dhaka(17.
598million)Chittagong(4.
539million)Khulna(1.
022millionRajshahi(844,000)3Sylhet(approx.
500,000)4BacktoContents4.
3AdministrativeDivisionsandmaincities4.
3.
1ThecapitalofBangladeshisDhaka.
ThecountryisdividedintoeightadministrativeDivisions.
Theseare:BarisalChittagong1CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,Geography,updated3January2018,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:8January20182BrilliantMaps,EnglandvsGreatBritainvsUnitedKingdomExplained,10April2016,http://brilliantmaps.
com/eng-gb-uk/.
Accessed:18August20173CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,PeopleandSociety,updated3January2018,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:8January20184SylhetCityCorporation,undatedbutcopyrighted2014,http://www.
sylhetcitycorporationbd.
org/index.
php/cms/home/.
Accessed:13December2017Page8of14DhakaKhulnaMymensinghRajshahiRangpurSylhet54.
3.
2MapsoftheWorldprovidedapoliticalmapofBangladeshshowingthecurrenteightAdministrativeDivisions.
BacktoContents4.
4Ethnicandreligiousgroups4.
4.
1ThemainethnicgroupofBangladeshisBengali,whoconstituteover95%ofthepopulation6.
4.
4.
2Bangladesh'sgovernmentrecognizes27ethnicgroupsunderthe2010CulturalInstitutionforSmallAnthropologicalGroupsAct;othersourcesestimatethereareabout75ethnicgroups;criticsofthe2011censusclaimthatitunderestimatesthesizeofBangladesh'sethnicminoritypopulations(2011estimate)7.
4.
4.
3TheCIAestimated(in2013)thatthepopulationofBangladeshis:89.
1%Muslim10%Hindu0.
9%other(includingBuddhistsandChristians)84.
4.
4Alsosee:HomeOfficeFact-FindingMission(FFM)toBangladesh,May2017,sections1,8and9,andtheCountryPolicyandInformationNote(CPIN)onminorityreligiousgroups.
BacktoContents5CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,Government,updated3January2018,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:8January20186CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,PeopleandSociety,updated1August2017,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:18August20177CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,PeopleandSociety,updated3January2018,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:8January20188CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,PeopleandSociety,updated3January2018,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:8January2018Page9of144.
5Languages4.
5.
1TheofficiallanguageisBangla(Bengali)9.
Manygroupshavetheirownlanguageordialect10.
4.
5.
2Alsosee:HomeOfficeFact-FindingMission(FFM)toBangladesh,May2017,sections1and8.
BacktoContentsSection5updated:8January20185.
Economy5.
1Economicgrowth5.
1.
1TheCentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA)WorldFactbookprofileonBangladesh,datedAugust2017,notedBangladesh'seconomy'…hasgrownroughly6%peryearsince1996despiteprolongedperiodsofpoliticalinstability,poorinfrastructure,endemiccorruption,insufficientpowersupplies,andslowimplementationofeconomicreforms.
AlthoughmorethanhalfofGDP[GrossDomesticProduct]isgeneratedthroughtheservicessector,almosthalfofBangladeshisareemployedintheagriculturesector,withriceasthesingle-most-importantproduct.
'115.
1.
2TheWorldBankprovidedachartshowingBangladesh'sgrowthinGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)since1960.
ChartshowingBangladesh'srateofGDP(US$)since1960125.
1.
3TheWorldBank,inanundatedprofileofBangladesh,notedit:'[had]madesubstantialprogressinreducingpoverty,supportedbysustainedeconomicgrowth.
Basedontheinternationalpovertylineof$1.
90perpersonperday,Bangladeshreduced[theproportionofpeoplelivingin]9CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,PeopleandSociety,updated1August2017,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:18August201710MinorityRightsGroupInternational,WorldDirectoryofMinoritiesandIndigenousPeoples–Bangladesh–Adivasis,2017,http://minorityrights.
org/minorities/adivasis/.
Accessed:18August201711CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,Economy,updated1August2017,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:18August201712TheWorldBank,Data–Bangladesh,copyright2017,https://data.
worldbank.
org/country/bangladesh.
Accessed:8January2018Page10of14povertyfrom44.
2%in1991to18.
5%in2010,andisprojectedtodecreaseto12.
9%in2016.
'ThecountryachievedtheMDG[MillenniumDevelopmentGoal]1onhalvingpovertyfiveyearsaheadoftime,with20.
5millionpeoplerisingoutofpovertyduringthe1991-2010period.
Inparallel,lifeexpectancy,literacyratesandpercapitafoodproductionhaveincreasedsignificantly.
Progresswasunderpinnedbystrongeconomicgrowth,with6percentplusgrowthoverthedecadeandreachingto7.
1percentgrowthin2015/2016.
RapidgrowthenabledBangladeshtoreachthelowermiddle-incomecountrystatusin2014.
'However,sustainedgrowthhasrapidlyincreasedthedemandforenergy,transportandurbanization.
Insufficientplanningandinvestmenthaveresultedinincreasinglysevereinfrastructurebottlenecks.
'135.
1.
4Alsosee:HomeOfficeFact-FindingMission(FFM)toBangladesh,May2017,section1.
5BacktoContents5.
2Employment5.
2.
1AccordingtoUNData,47.
5%ofpeopleareemployedinagriculture,17.
7%inindustryand35.
3%in'servicesandother'(2010data).
Theunemploymentrateis4.
5%(2014data).
43.
1%ofwomeninthelabourmarketareemployed;therateis80.
9%formen(2014data)14.
However,thesefiguresdonotconsiderthoseemployedinformally.
5.
2.
2AlsoseeHomeOfficeFact-FindingMission(FFM)toBangladesh,May2017,section1.
5BacktoContents5.
3Socialsecuritysystem5.
3.
1TheUSSocialSecurityIndexprovideddetailsofthesocialassistanceandemployerliabilitysystemsinBangladesh,including:old-agepensions;disabilitypensions;survivorallowances;sicknessbenefits;maternitybenefits;workmedicalbenefits;deathbenefits;workinjurybenefit;deathcompensation;anddisabilitybenefit.
Thereisnostatutoryunemploymentbenefit,althoughthereisseverancepayincertainareasofemployment15.
5.
3.
2DrMAlimullahMiyan,oftheInternationalUniversityofBusinessAgricultureandTechnology,Dhaka,notedthatpensionsareavailablemainlyforthoseemployedbythegovernment;that36millionagriculturallabourersarenot13TheWorldBank,Bangladesh–Overview,2017,http://www.
worldbank.
org/en/country/bangladesh/overview.
Accessed:7September201714UNData–Bangladesh,2017,http://data.
un.
org/CountryProfile.
aspxcrName=bangladesh.
Accessed:21September201715USSocialSecurityIndex,'SocialSecurityProgramsThroughouttheWorld(SSPTW):AsiaandthePacific,2016',https://www.
ssa.
gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2016-2017/asia/bangladesh.
pdf.
Accessed:13December2017Page11of14coveredbypensions;andthatmostpeoplearereliantonfamilyforsupportinoldage16.
BacktoContents5.
4Education5.
4.
1TheUSStateDepartment(USSD),intheir2016humanrightsreport,stated:'Primaryeducationwasfreeandcompulsorythroughfifthgrade,andthegovernmentofferedsubsidiestoparentstokeepgirlsinclassthrough10thgrade.
Whileteacherfeesanduniformsremainedprohibitivelycostlyformanyfamilies,thegovernmentdistributedhundredsofmillionsoffreetextbookstoincreaseaccesstoeducation.
Enrollmentsinprimaryschoolsshowedgenderparity,buteducationalattainmentwaslowforbothboysandgirls.
Thecompletionratesfellinsecondaryschoolwithmoregirlsthanboysatthesecondarylevel.
The2010EducationPolicyextendedcompulsoryprimaryeducationtotheeighthgrade;however,intheabsenceoflegalamendmentstoreflectthepolicy,itremainedunenforceable.
Governmentincentivestofamilieswhosentchildrentoschoolcontributedsignificantlytoincreasedprimaryschoolenrollmentsinrecentyears,buthiddenschoolfeesatthelocallevelcreatedbarrierstoaccessforthepoorestfamilies,particularlyforgirls.
Manyfamilieskeptchildrenoutofschooltobecomewageearnersortohelpwithhouseholdchores,andprimaryschoolcoveragewasinsufficientinhard-to-reachanddisaster-proneareas.
Earlyandforcedmarriagewasafactoringirls'attritionfromsecondaryschool.
'175.
4.
2See:HomeOfficeFact-FindingMission(FFM)toBangladesh,May2017,section1.
6.
BacktoContentsSection6updated:10March20206.
Securityforcesandjudiciary6.
1.
1SeetheCountryPolicyandInformationNoteonBangladesh:Actorsofprotection.
Section7updated:18January20187.
Citizenshipandnationality7.
1.
1TheBangladeshCitizenship(TemporaryProvisions)Order1972introducedthecitizenshiplawsafterthecountry'sindependence.
Article2oftheOrderstipulatesthatanyonewhowasbornintheterritoriesnowcomprisedinBangladesh(orwhosefatherorgrandfatherwasbornintheseterritories)andwhowasapermanentresidentintheseterritorieson25March197116DrMAlimullahMiyan,InternationalUniversityofBusinessAgricultureandTechnology,Dhaka,Bangladesh,'RetirementandPensionSysteminBangladesh'(undatedbutquotessourcesfrom2005),https://view.
officeapps.
live.
com/op/view.
aspxsrc=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.
airroc.
org.
tw%2FISLSSL2005%2Fprogram%2Fdoc%2FIII-2.
doc.
Accessed:13December201717USStateDepartment(USSD),CountryReportsonHumanRightsPracticesfor2016–Bangladesh,Section6.
Discrimination,SocietalAbuses,andTraffickinginPersons,March2017,http://www.
state.
gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.
htmyear=2016&dlid=265532.
Accessed:8January2018Page12of14andcontinuestobesoresident,willbedeemedtobeaBangladeshicitizen.
Article2Aprovidesthatapersontowhomtheabovearticlewouldhaveapplied,butwhoisresidentintheUnitedKingdom,shallbedeemedtohavecontinuedtohavebeenpermanentlyresidentinBangladesh.
TheGovernmentmaynotify,intheofficialGazette,anypersonorcategoriesofpersonstowhomthisArticleshallnotapply.
IncaseofdoubtastowhetherapersonisqualifiedtobedeemedacitizenofBangladeshunderArticle2oftheOrder,adecisionoftheGovernmentwillbefinal18.
BacktoContentsSection8updated:8January20188.
Freedomofmovement8.
1.
1Bangladeshhas2,460kmofrailways,21,269kmofroadsand19airports19.
ThemainairportisShahJalaInternationalAirport,Dhaka(DAC).
OntheWorldMapprovidedamapofBangladeshshowingthemajorroads,railwaysandairports20.
8.
1.
2TheUSSD2016reportnoted:'Thelawprovidesforfreedomofmovementwithinthecountry,foreigntravel,emigration,andrepatriation,andthegovernmentgenerallyrespectedtheserights,exceptintwosensitiveareas–theCHT[ChittagongHillTracts]andCox'sBazar.
Thegovernmentenforcedsomerestrictionsonforeigners'accesstotheCHT.
.
.
'Somesenioroppositionofficialsreportedextensivedelaysingettingtheirpassportsrenewed;othersreportedharassmentanddelaysattheairportwhendepartingthecountry.
AuthoritiesbarredoneBNPofficialfromleavingthecountrytoattendapartyeventinBahrainwhileanotherwasdetainedattheairportbeforebeingallowedtoboardaplane.
AnotheroppositionleaderrequiredHighCourtinterventioninordertoobtainhispassportfromthegovernmentafternearlyayearofdelays.
'Theinternationaltravelbancontinuedonwar-crimessuspectsfromthe1971independencewar.
'Thecountry'spassportsareinvalidfortraveltoIsraelaccordingtoBangladeshpolicy.
'21BacktoContents18LegislativeandParliamentaryAffairsDivision,MinistryofLaw,JusticeandParliamentary'TheBangladeshCitizenship(TemporaryProvisions)Order,1972',Articles2,2Aand2B,http://bdlaws.
minlaw.
gov.
bd/pdf_part.
phpid=423.
Accessed:12September201719CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,Transportation,updated5December2017,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:13December201720OnTheWorldMap,LargedetailedmapofBangladeshwithcities,undated(websitecopyrighted2012-17),http://ontheworldmap.
com/bangladesh/large-detailed-map-of-bangladesh-with-cities.
html.
Accessed:13December201721USStateDepartment(USSD),CountryReportsonHumanRightsPracticesfor2016–Bangladesh,Section4.
CorruptionandLackofTransparencyinGovernment,3March2017,http://www.
state.
gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.
htmyear=2016&dlid=265532.
Accessed:7September2017Page13of14Section9updated:8January20189.
Entry/exitprocedures9.
1.
1SeeHomeOfficeFact-FindingMission(FFM)toBangladesh,May2017,AnnexD:meetingwithofficialfromtheBritishHighCommission(BHC),18May2017,forinformationaboutentry/exitprocedures.
BacktoContentsSection10updated:10March201910.
Documentation10.
1.
1Forinformationonofficial,forgedandfraudulentdocuments,seetheCountryPolicyandInformationNoteonBangladesh:documentation.
BacktoContentsPage14of14VersioncontrolClearanceBelowisinformationonwhenthisnotewascleared:version3.
0validfrom14April2020ChangesfromlastversionofthisnoteReissuedfollowingremovalofthesectionsreferringtoactorsofprotection.
TherehasbeennosubstantiveupdatetotherestofthecontentofthisCPIN;anupdatewillfollow.
InformationonactorsofprotectionisnowavailableintheCountryPolicyandInformationNoteonBangladesh:Actorsofprotection.
BacktoContents
0April2020Page2of14PrefacePurposeThisnoteprovidescountryoforigininformation(COI)andanalysisofCOIforusebyHomeOfficedecisionmakershandlingparticulartypesofprotectionandhumanrightsclaims(assetoutintheIntroductionsection).
Itisnotintendedtobeanexhaustivesurveyofaparticularsubjectortheme.
Itissplitintotwomainsections:(1)analysisandassessmentofCOIandotherevidence;and(2)COI.
Theseareexplainedinmoredetailbelow.
AssessmentThissectionanalysestheevidencerelevanttothisnote–i.
e.
theCOIsection;refugee/humanrightslawsandpolicies;andapplicablecaselaw–bydescribingthisanditsinter-relationships,andprovidesanassessmentof,ingeneral,whetheroneormoreofthefollowingapplies:ApersonisreasonablylikelytofacearealriskofpersecutionorseriousharmThegeneralhumanitariansituationissosevereastobreachArticle15(b)ofEuropeanCouncilDirective2004/83/EC(theQualificationDirective)/Article3oftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsastransposedinparagraph339Cand339CA(iii)oftheImmigrationRulesThesecuritysituationpresentsarealrisktoacivilian'slifeorpersonsuchthatitwouldbreachArticle15(c)oftheQualificationDirectiveastransposedinparagraph339Cand339CA(iv)oftheImmigrationRulesApersonisabletoobtainprotectionfromthestate(orquasistatebodies)ApersonisreasonablyabletorelocatewithinacountryorterritoryAclaimislikelytojustifygrantingasylum,humanitarianprotectionorotherformofleave,andIfaclaimisrefused,itislikelyorunlikelytobecertifiableas'clearlyunfounded'undersection94oftheNationality,ImmigrationandAsylumAct2002.
Decisionmakersmust,however,stillconsiderallclaimsonanindividualbasis,takingintoaccounteachcase'sspecificfacts.
CountryoforigininformationThecountryinformationinthisnotehasbeencarefullyselectedinaccordancewiththegeneralprinciplesofCOIresearchassetoutintheCommonEU[EuropeanUnion]GuidelinesforProcessingCountryofOriginInformation(COI),datedApril2008,andtheAustrianCentreforCountryofOriginandAsylumResearchandDocumentation's(ACCORD),ResearchingCountryOriginInformation–TrainingManual,2013.
Namely,takingintoaccounttheCOI'srelevance,reliability,accuracy,balance,currency,transparencyandtraceability.
Thestructureandcontentofthecountryinformationsectionfollowsatermsofreferencewhichsetsoutthegeneralandspecifictopicsrelevanttothisnote.
Page3of14Allinformationincludedinthenotewaspublishedormadepubliclyavailableonorbeforethe'cut-off'date(s)inthecountryinformationsection.
Anyeventtakingplaceorreport/articlepublishedafterthesedate(s)isnotincluded.
Allinformationispubliclyaccessibleorcanbemadepubliclyavailable,andisfromgenerallyreliablesources.
Sourcesandtheinformationtheyprovidearecarefullyconsideredbeforeinclusion.
Factorsrelevanttotheassessmentofthereliabilityofsourcesandinformationinclude:themotivation,purpose,knowledgeandexperienceofthesourcehowtheinformationwasobtained,includingspecificmethodologiesusedthecurrencyanddetailofinformation,andwhethertheCOIisconsistentwithand/orcorroboratedbyothersources.
Multiplesourcingisusedtoensurethattheinformationisaccurate,balancedandcorroborated,sothatacomprehensiveandup-to-datepictureatthetimeofpublicationisprovidedoftheissuesrelevanttothisnote.
Informationiscomparedandcontrasted,wheneverpossible,toprovidearangeofviewsandopinions.
Theinclusionofasource,however,isnotanendorsementofitoranyview(s)expressed.
Eachpieceofinformationisreferencedinabrieffootnote;fulldetailsofallsourcescitedandconsultedincompilingthenotearelistedalphabeticallyinthebibliography.
FeedbackOurgoalistocontinuouslyimproveourmaterial.
Therefore,ifyouwouldliketocommentonthisnote,pleaseemailtheCountryPolicyandInformationTeam.
IndependentAdvisoryGrouponCountryInformationTheIndependentAdvisoryGrouponCountryInformation(IAGCI)wassetupinMarch2009bytheIndependentChiefInspectorofBordersandImmigrationtosupporthiminreviewingtheefficiency,effectivenessandconsistencyofapproachofCOIproducedbytheHomeOffice.
TheIAGCIwelcomesfeedbackontheHomeOffice'sCOImaterial.
ItisnotthefunctionoftheIAGCItoendorseanyHomeOfficematerial,proceduresorpolicy.
TheIAGCImaybecontactedat:IndependentAdvisoryGrouponCountryInformationIndependentChiefInspectorofBordersandImmigration5thFloorGlobeHouse89EcclestonSquareLondon,SW1V1PNEmail:chiefinspector@icibi.
gov.
ukInformationabouttheIAGCI'sworkandalistofthedocumentswhichhavebeenreviewedbytheIAGCIcanbefoundontheIndependentChiefInspector'spagesofthegov.
ukwebsite.
Page4of14ContentsAssessment51.
Introduction.
51.
1Scopeofthisnote.
51.
2Pointstonote52.
Considerationofissues52.
1Credibility.
52.
2Exclusion.
52.
3Internalrelocation.
6Countryinformation.
73.
History74.
Geographyanddemography74.
1Area.
74.
2Population74.
3AdministrativeDivisionsandmaincities.
74.
4Ethnicandreligiousgroups84.
5Languages.
95.
Economy.
95.
1Economicgrowth.
95.
2Employment105.
3Socialsecuritysystem.
105.
4Education116.
Securityforcesandjudiciary.
117.
Citizenshipandnationality118.
Freedomofmovement.
129.
Entry/exitprocedures.
1310.
Documentation.
13Versioncontrol.
14Page5of14AssessmentUpdated:25January20181.
Introduction1.
1Scopeofthisnote1.
1.
1Whether,ingeneral,apersonwhofearsseriousharmorpersecutionfromnon-stateactorscaninternallyrelocatewithinBangladesh.
BacktoContents1.
2Pointstonote1.
2.
1Forfurtherinformationandguidanceonparticularclaimtypes,seetheCountryPolicyandInformationNotes(CPINs)onBangladesh.
1.
2.
2InSeptember2017,theHomeOfficepublishedareportofaFact-FindingMission(FFM)toBangladeshundertakeninMay2017.
TheFFMhadawidebrief,coveringthepoliticalsituation,police,judiciary,religiousminorities,andsexualminorities,amongstothersubjects.
ThisCPINshouldbereadalongsidetheFFMreport.
1.
2.
3The'BangladeshCountryOverview'report,datedDecember2017,producedbytheEuropeanAsylumSupportOffice(EASO),alsoprovidesusefulbackgroundinformationaboutBangladesh.
BacktoContents2.
Considerationofissues2.
1Credibility2.
1.
1Forinformationonassessingcredibility,seetheinstructiononAssessingCredibilityandRefugeeStatus.
2.
1.
2DecisionmakersmustalsocheckiftherehasbeenapreviousapplicationforaUKvisaoranotherformofleave.
Asylumapplicationsmatchedtovisasshouldbeinvestigatedpriortotheasyluminterview(seetheAsylumInstructiononVisaMatches,AsylumClaimsfromUKVisaApplicants).
2.
1.
1Decisionmakersshouldalsoconsidertheneedtoconductlanguageanalysistesting(seetheAsylumInstructiononLanguageAnalysis).
BacktoContents2.
2Exclusion2.
2.
1Decisionmakersmustconsiderwhetherone(ormore)oftheexclusionclausesapplies.
IfthepersonisexcludedfromtheRefugeeConvention,theywillalsobeexcludedfromagrantofhumanitarianprotection.
Eachcasemustbeconsideredonitsindividualfactsandmerits.
2.
2.
2Forfurtherguidanceontheexclusionclausesandrestrictedleave,seetheAsylumInstructiononExclusion:Article1FoftheRefugeeConventionandtheAsylumInstructiononRestrictedLeave.
BacktoContentsPage6of142.
3Internalrelocation2.
3.
1Bangladeshisahighly,andverydensely,populatedcountryandapersonislegally(andpractically)abletomovefreelyaroundthecountry,excepttoCox'sBazarandtheChittagongHillTracts(CHT)inthesouthbecauseoftheRohingyamigrationcrisis(seeFreedomofmovementandtheCountryPolicyandInformationNoteonBurma:Rohingya).
2.
3.
2Accesstoeconomicmeans,socialsupportandeducationareallavailable(seeEmployment,SocialsecuritysystemandEducation).
BengalicultureexistsinallpartsofBangladesh(seeEthnicandreligiousgroupsandLanguages),sointernalrelocationisnotculturallyorlinguisticallyunreasonable.
2.
3.
3Ingeneral,wheretheriskisfromnon-stateagents,relocationtoanotherareaofBangladeshislikelytobereasonable,dependingonaperson'scircumstances.
Decisionmakersmustdetermineeachcaseonitsfactsand,ifapplicable,consulttheguidancefortherelevantcategoryofclaim.
2.
3.
4SeetheCountryPolicyandInformationNoteonBangladesh:womenfearinggender-basedviolenceforinformationandguidanceaboutrestrictionsonwomen'smovementwithinthecountry.
2.
3.
5Forfurtherguidanceoninternalrelocation,seeAsylumInstructionsonAssessingCredibilityandRefugeeStatusandGenderIssuesintheAsylumClaim.
BacktoContentsPage7of14CountryinformationSection3updated:8January20183.
History3.
1.
1ForanoverviewofBangladesh'srecenthistory,seetheBBC'sBangladeshProfile,whichincludesatimelineofevents.
BacktoContentsSection4updated:8January20184.
Geographyanddemography4.
1Area4.
1.
1BangladeshbordersIndiatothewest,northandeast,Burma(Myanmar)tothesouth-eastandtheBayofBengaltothesouth,andhasatotallandareaof130,168sq.
km1.
ThisisaboutthesizeofEngland2.
BacktoContents4.
2Population4.
2.
1TheUSCentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA)estimatedBangladesh'spopulationat157,826,578inJuly2017,makingittheeighthmostpopulatedcountryintheworld.
Urbanareaswithsignificantpopulationsinclude(accordingto2015data):Dhaka(17.
598million)Chittagong(4.
539million)Khulna(1.
022millionRajshahi(844,000)3Sylhet(approx.
500,000)4BacktoContents4.
3AdministrativeDivisionsandmaincities4.
3.
1ThecapitalofBangladeshisDhaka.
ThecountryisdividedintoeightadministrativeDivisions.
Theseare:BarisalChittagong1CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,Geography,updated3January2018,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:8January20182BrilliantMaps,EnglandvsGreatBritainvsUnitedKingdomExplained,10April2016,http://brilliantmaps.
com/eng-gb-uk/.
Accessed:18August20173CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,PeopleandSociety,updated3January2018,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:8January20184SylhetCityCorporation,undatedbutcopyrighted2014,http://www.
sylhetcitycorporationbd.
org/index.
php/cms/home/.
Accessed:13December2017Page8of14DhakaKhulnaMymensinghRajshahiRangpurSylhet54.
3.
2MapsoftheWorldprovidedapoliticalmapofBangladeshshowingthecurrenteightAdministrativeDivisions.
BacktoContents4.
4Ethnicandreligiousgroups4.
4.
1ThemainethnicgroupofBangladeshisBengali,whoconstituteover95%ofthepopulation6.
4.
4.
2Bangladesh'sgovernmentrecognizes27ethnicgroupsunderthe2010CulturalInstitutionforSmallAnthropologicalGroupsAct;othersourcesestimatethereareabout75ethnicgroups;criticsofthe2011censusclaimthatitunderestimatesthesizeofBangladesh'sethnicminoritypopulations(2011estimate)7.
4.
4.
3TheCIAestimated(in2013)thatthepopulationofBangladeshis:89.
1%Muslim10%Hindu0.
9%other(includingBuddhistsandChristians)84.
4.
4Alsosee:HomeOfficeFact-FindingMission(FFM)toBangladesh,May2017,sections1,8and9,andtheCountryPolicyandInformationNote(CPIN)onminorityreligiousgroups.
BacktoContents5CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,Government,updated3January2018,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:8January20186CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,PeopleandSociety,updated1August2017,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:18August20177CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,PeopleandSociety,updated3January2018,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:8January20188CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,PeopleandSociety,updated3January2018,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:8January2018Page9of144.
5Languages4.
5.
1TheofficiallanguageisBangla(Bengali)9.
Manygroupshavetheirownlanguageordialect10.
4.
5.
2Alsosee:HomeOfficeFact-FindingMission(FFM)toBangladesh,May2017,sections1and8.
BacktoContentsSection5updated:8January20185.
Economy5.
1Economicgrowth5.
1.
1TheCentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA)WorldFactbookprofileonBangladesh,datedAugust2017,notedBangladesh'seconomy'…hasgrownroughly6%peryearsince1996despiteprolongedperiodsofpoliticalinstability,poorinfrastructure,endemiccorruption,insufficientpowersupplies,andslowimplementationofeconomicreforms.
AlthoughmorethanhalfofGDP[GrossDomesticProduct]isgeneratedthroughtheservicessector,almosthalfofBangladeshisareemployedintheagriculturesector,withriceasthesingle-most-importantproduct.
'115.
1.
2TheWorldBankprovidedachartshowingBangladesh'sgrowthinGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)since1960.
ChartshowingBangladesh'srateofGDP(US$)since1960125.
1.
3TheWorldBank,inanundatedprofileofBangladesh,notedit:'[had]madesubstantialprogressinreducingpoverty,supportedbysustainedeconomicgrowth.
Basedontheinternationalpovertylineof$1.
90perpersonperday,Bangladeshreduced[theproportionofpeoplelivingin]9CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,PeopleandSociety,updated1August2017,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:18August201710MinorityRightsGroupInternational,WorldDirectoryofMinoritiesandIndigenousPeoples–Bangladesh–Adivasis,2017,http://minorityrights.
org/minorities/adivasis/.
Accessed:18August201711CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,Economy,updated1August2017,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:18August201712TheWorldBank,Data–Bangladesh,copyright2017,https://data.
worldbank.
org/country/bangladesh.
Accessed:8January2018Page10of14povertyfrom44.
2%in1991to18.
5%in2010,andisprojectedtodecreaseto12.
9%in2016.
'ThecountryachievedtheMDG[MillenniumDevelopmentGoal]1onhalvingpovertyfiveyearsaheadoftime,with20.
5millionpeoplerisingoutofpovertyduringthe1991-2010period.
Inparallel,lifeexpectancy,literacyratesandpercapitafoodproductionhaveincreasedsignificantly.
Progresswasunderpinnedbystrongeconomicgrowth,with6percentplusgrowthoverthedecadeandreachingto7.
1percentgrowthin2015/2016.
RapidgrowthenabledBangladeshtoreachthelowermiddle-incomecountrystatusin2014.
'However,sustainedgrowthhasrapidlyincreasedthedemandforenergy,transportandurbanization.
Insufficientplanningandinvestmenthaveresultedinincreasinglysevereinfrastructurebottlenecks.
'135.
1.
4Alsosee:HomeOfficeFact-FindingMission(FFM)toBangladesh,May2017,section1.
5BacktoContents5.
2Employment5.
2.
1AccordingtoUNData,47.
5%ofpeopleareemployedinagriculture,17.
7%inindustryand35.
3%in'servicesandother'(2010data).
Theunemploymentrateis4.
5%(2014data).
43.
1%ofwomeninthelabourmarketareemployed;therateis80.
9%formen(2014data)14.
However,thesefiguresdonotconsiderthoseemployedinformally.
5.
2.
2AlsoseeHomeOfficeFact-FindingMission(FFM)toBangladesh,May2017,section1.
5BacktoContents5.
3Socialsecuritysystem5.
3.
1TheUSSocialSecurityIndexprovideddetailsofthesocialassistanceandemployerliabilitysystemsinBangladesh,including:old-agepensions;disabilitypensions;survivorallowances;sicknessbenefits;maternitybenefits;workmedicalbenefits;deathbenefits;workinjurybenefit;deathcompensation;anddisabilitybenefit.
Thereisnostatutoryunemploymentbenefit,althoughthereisseverancepayincertainareasofemployment15.
5.
3.
2DrMAlimullahMiyan,oftheInternationalUniversityofBusinessAgricultureandTechnology,Dhaka,notedthatpensionsareavailablemainlyforthoseemployedbythegovernment;that36millionagriculturallabourersarenot13TheWorldBank,Bangladesh–Overview,2017,http://www.
worldbank.
org/en/country/bangladesh/overview.
Accessed:7September201714UNData–Bangladesh,2017,http://data.
un.
org/CountryProfile.
aspxcrName=bangladesh.
Accessed:21September201715USSocialSecurityIndex,'SocialSecurityProgramsThroughouttheWorld(SSPTW):AsiaandthePacific,2016',https://www.
ssa.
gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2016-2017/asia/bangladesh.
pdf.
Accessed:13December2017Page11of14coveredbypensions;andthatmostpeoplearereliantonfamilyforsupportinoldage16.
BacktoContents5.
4Education5.
4.
1TheUSStateDepartment(USSD),intheir2016humanrightsreport,stated:'Primaryeducationwasfreeandcompulsorythroughfifthgrade,andthegovernmentofferedsubsidiestoparentstokeepgirlsinclassthrough10thgrade.
Whileteacherfeesanduniformsremainedprohibitivelycostlyformanyfamilies,thegovernmentdistributedhundredsofmillionsoffreetextbookstoincreaseaccesstoeducation.
Enrollmentsinprimaryschoolsshowedgenderparity,buteducationalattainmentwaslowforbothboysandgirls.
Thecompletionratesfellinsecondaryschoolwithmoregirlsthanboysatthesecondarylevel.
The2010EducationPolicyextendedcompulsoryprimaryeducationtotheeighthgrade;however,intheabsenceoflegalamendmentstoreflectthepolicy,itremainedunenforceable.
Governmentincentivestofamilieswhosentchildrentoschoolcontributedsignificantlytoincreasedprimaryschoolenrollmentsinrecentyears,buthiddenschoolfeesatthelocallevelcreatedbarrierstoaccessforthepoorestfamilies,particularlyforgirls.
Manyfamilieskeptchildrenoutofschooltobecomewageearnersortohelpwithhouseholdchores,andprimaryschoolcoveragewasinsufficientinhard-to-reachanddisaster-proneareas.
Earlyandforcedmarriagewasafactoringirls'attritionfromsecondaryschool.
'175.
4.
2See:HomeOfficeFact-FindingMission(FFM)toBangladesh,May2017,section1.
6.
BacktoContentsSection6updated:10March20206.
Securityforcesandjudiciary6.
1.
1SeetheCountryPolicyandInformationNoteonBangladesh:Actorsofprotection.
Section7updated:18January20187.
Citizenshipandnationality7.
1.
1TheBangladeshCitizenship(TemporaryProvisions)Order1972introducedthecitizenshiplawsafterthecountry'sindependence.
Article2oftheOrderstipulatesthatanyonewhowasbornintheterritoriesnowcomprisedinBangladesh(orwhosefatherorgrandfatherwasbornintheseterritories)andwhowasapermanentresidentintheseterritorieson25March197116DrMAlimullahMiyan,InternationalUniversityofBusinessAgricultureandTechnology,Dhaka,Bangladesh,'RetirementandPensionSysteminBangladesh'(undatedbutquotessourcesfrom2005),https://view.
officeapps.
live.
com/op/view.
aspxsrc=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.
airroc.
org.
tw%2FISLSSL2005%2Fprogram%2Fdoc%2FIII-2.
doc.
Accessed:13December201717USStateDepartment(USSD),CountryReportsonHumanRightsPracticesfor2016–Bangladesh,Section6.
Discrimination,SocietalAbuses,andTraffickinginPersons,March2017,http://www.
state.
gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.
htmyear=2016&dlid=265532.
Accessed:8January2018Page12of14andcontinuestobesoresident,willbedeemedtobeaBangladeshicitizen.
Article2Aprovidesthatapersontowhomtheabovearticlewouldhaveapplied,butwhoisresidentintheUnitedKingdom,shallbedeemedtohavecontinuedtohavebeenpermanentlyresidentinBangladesh.
TheGovernmentmaynotify,intheofficialGazette,anypersonorcategoriesofpersonstowhomthisArticleshallnotapply.
IncaseofdoubtastowhetherapersonisqualifiedtobedeemedacitizenofBangladeshunderArticle2oftheOrder,adecisionoftheGovernmentwillbefinal18.
BacktoContentsSection8updated:8January20188.
Freedomofmovement8.
1.
1Bangladeshhas2,460kmofrailways,21,269kmofroadsand19airports19.
ThemainairportisShahJalaInternationalAirport,Dhaka(DAC).
OntheWorldMapprovidedamapofBangladeshshowingthemajorroads,railwaysandairports20.
8.
1.
2TheUSSD2016reportnoted:'Thelawprovidesforfreedomofmovementwithinthecountry,foreigntravel,emigration,andrepatriation,andthegovernmentgenerallyrespectedtheserights,exceptintwosensitiveareas–theCHT[ChittagongHillTracts]andCox'sBazar.
Thegovernmentenforcedsomerestrictionsonforeigners'accesstotheCHT.
.
.
'Somesenioroppositionofficialsreportedextensivedelaysingettingtheirpassportsrenewed;othersreportedharassmentanddelaysattheairportwhendepartingthecountry.
AuthoritiesbarredoneBNPofficialfromleavingthecountrytoattendapartyeventinBahrainwhileanotherwasdetainedattheairportbeforebeingallowedtoboardaplane.
AnotheroppositionleaderrequiredHighCourtinterventioninordertoobtainhispassportfromthegovernmentafternearlyayearofdelays.
'Theinternationaltravelbancontinuedonwar-crimessuspectsfromthe1971independencewar.
'Thecountry'spassportsareinvalidfortraveltoIsraelaccordingtoBangladeshpolicy.
'21BacktoContents18LegislativeandParliamentaryAffairsDivision,MinistryofLaw,JusticeandParliamentary'TheBangladeshCitizenship(TemporaryProvisions)Order,1972',Articles2,2Aand2B,http://bdlaws.
minlaw.
gov.
bd/pdf_part.
phpid=423.
Accessed:12September201719CentralIntelligenceAgency(CIA),TheWorldFactbook–Bangladesh,Transportation,updated5December2017,https://www.
cia.
gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.
html.
Accessed:13December201720OnTheWorldMap,LargedetailedmapofBangladeshwithcities,undated(websitecopyrighted2012-17),http://ontheworldmap.
com/bangladesh/large-detailed-map-of-bangladesh-with-cities.
html.
Accessed:13December201721USStateDepartment(USSD),CountryReportsonHumanRightsPracticesfor2016–Bangladesh,Section4.
CorruptionandLackofTransparencyinGovernment,3March2017,http://www.
state.
gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.
htmyear=2016&dlid=265532.
Accessed:7September2017Page13of14Section9updated:8January20189.
Entry/exitprocedures9.
1.
1SeeHomeOfficeFact-FindingMission(FFM)toBangladesh,May2017,AnnexD:meetingwithofficialfromtheBritishHighCommission(BHC),18May2017,forinformationaboutentry/exitprocedures.
BacktoContentsSection10updated:10March201910.
Documentation10.
1.
1Forinformationonofficial,forgedandfraudulentdocuments,seetheCountryPolicyandInformationNoteonBangladesh:documentation.
BacktoContentsPage14of14VersioncontrolClearanceBelowisinformationonwhenthisnotewascleared:version3.
0validfrom14April2020ChangesfromlastversionofthisnoteReissuedfollowingremovalofthesectionsreferringtoactorsofprotection.
TherehasbeennosubstantiveupdatetotherestofthecontentofthisCPIN;anupdatewillfollow.
InformationonactorsofprotectionisnowavailableintheCountryPolicyandInformationNoteonBangladesh:Actorsofprotection.
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