issues360web

493SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2020P.
Vlamos(ed.
),GeNeDis2018,AdvancesinExperimentalMedicineandBiology1194,https://doi.
org/10.
1007/978-3-030-32622-7AAbsorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion-toxicity(ADMET),115concepts,116ligand-basedmethods,117–118structure-basedmethods,116Activitiesofdailyliving(ADLs),106,111,158Activitytracking,182–184Actuators,181Acyclicdatagraph,348Adaptor-relatedproteincomplex2subunitalpha1(AP2A1),417Adenosinetriphosphate(ATP),226,231,232Aggregation-proneregions(APRs)aminoacidresidues,368aminoacidsequence,360AMYLPRED2,360,363detecting,361FASTAfiles,362gatekeeperresidues,364identification,360insilicoidentification,360MODELLER,365mutation,364andnon-exposedAPRs,361surfacearea,363,364surfacereduction,363,365–368TANGO,366AggregationpropensityAGGRESCAN,364aminoacids,362extremereduction,367mAbs,361,363monoclonalantibodies,368proteintherapeutics,369proteins,360Aggregationresistance,361AGGRESCAN3D,364,366,368Aging-relatedneurodegenerativediseases,419Allergydatabases,347Alpha-synuclein,410Altoidadatabase,159AltoidaNMItest,161Altoida'sdigitalbiomarkerplatform,161AltoidaMLat-homesub-study,159Alzheimer'sdisease(AD),70,101,157,205,285,303,305,311,409–412,414,417,418biomarkers,193,195,196classification,193,196conversionprediction,196,197datasources,194diagnosis,193,194,286incidencereductions,193MCI,158,167ML,199pathogenesis,287precisionmedicine,193progression,194screening,287symptomatology,286tauprotein/amyloid-βpeptides,206Alzheimer'sDiseaseNeuroimagingInitiative(ADNI),83,304AmericanAcademyofNeurologyguidelines,158Amyloidβ,205AMYLPRED2,360,363Amyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS),205,409,410,414Analytichierarchyprocess(AHP),2Anisotropydiffusion,136Index494Antibody-antigencomplexes,45,48Antibodyclusteringaffinity,stabilityandsuitability,41canonicalstructures,42CDRs,43classificationscheme,42history,41hybridapproach,43methodsantibody-antigencomplexes,45,46dataset,44,45hybridclusteringapproach,46,47numberingscheme,44outcomesantibody-antigencomplexes,48dataminingtechniques,48hybridclusteringalgorithm,51Matlabscripts,47phylogeneticanalysis,51sequence-basedanalyses,42Antibody-drugconjugates(ADCs)antibody-linker-drugcomplex,209cancercell,204–205andcancerresearch,205celltargeting,205disease'saetiologyandmechanism,205drugdeliverysystem,204insilicodesign,206andmAbs,204misfoldedproteins,205monoclonalantibodies,205andneurodegeneration,205,206neurodegenerativedisorders,205Antibody-relatedchains,206Antibodystructuraldatabase,206Antibodytherapeutics,204AntibodyTrojanhorse,205AntiseismicOrganizationandProtectionAgency(OASP),178ANTISOMAAGGRESCAN3D,364,368AMYLPRED2,360application,363capabilities,367CDRs(seeComplementaritydeterminingregions(CDRs))colorcode,365cysteineresidues,366drawbacks,366DSSPdetects,360FASTAfiles,363FDA-approvedantibodies,364,367FoldXalgorithm,362IMGT/mAb-DB,363,364meanreduction,363MODELLER,362non-exposedAPRs,361nonredundantantibodystructures,363onlineimplementation,362PDBfiles,366PDBID/fileupload,363pipelineutilization,361rituximab,363sequence-basedaggregationpredictors,361Solubis,364,366,369supercharging,362three-dimensionalstructure,360webinterface,362,363Apparentsoundpressurelevel(ASPL),131Arithmeticcorrections,384Artificialneuralnetworks(ANN),157ADMET,119application,119inCADD,119pharmaceuticalproperties,118QSAR,123stochasticregularizationtechniques,119ASRandNLPtechnologies,348Assistivetechnologies,197,198Attentiondeficitdisorder(ADD)andADHD,218,223rehabilitation,217Attention-deficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD),279carelesstype,218combinedtype,218definition,218hyperactive-impulsivetype,218material,218,219methods,218,219participants,219rehabilitation,217skills,219symptoms,218thetawavebrainactivity,217Autoimmunediseases,359Autoimmunedisorders,476Automata,225–230,233–235Automatatheory,254analyzing/visualizingcomplexsituations,257BoS,258CA,258FA,258RPD,259Autonomicnervoussystem(ANS)allostaticsystemsregulation,476hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenalaxis,476Index495minutesofexposure,486response,476,482Autophagicdysfunction,205Averagepositionalerror,144BBacktrackingandtrackgeneration,140Bacteria-basedcomputation,226Bactroceraoleae,243,293Balancedscorecard(BSC)AHP,2decisionsupportsystem,3fuzzyanalytichierarchyprocess,2healthcareorganizations,1knowledge-basedsystem,2MAUT,2multiplecriteriamethods,2operationsmanagement,2performanceindicators,1strategicplanningandmanagementsystem,1Basalganglia,175Basalgangliafunction,175Basalgangliareserves,174BasicLocalAlignmentSearchTool(BLAST),440Battleofthesexes(BoS),258Bayes'rule,91Bayesianframework,317Benjamini-Hochbergmethod,309,410,418Betawavebrainactivity,217Betweennesscentrality,415,416BigData,412Bigdataanalysisandgeneticliabilitytoneuropsychiatricdisease,455Bigdataanalyticstechnologies,182Binarysearch,443,444,449Biochemical-inspiredmodels,226Bioinformatics,489interdisciplinaryfield,193Bio-inspiredcomputation,225,227Biologicalnetworks,412Biologicalprocess(BP),308,309,410,418Biomarkermeasurements,196Biomolecularautomata,226Biomolecularcomputing,226Biosensors,155,182Biosignals,181,182,185,187,189Bipartitelocalmethod(BLM),118Bitcoin,391Bitcoinstack,390Blockchaintechnology,155Blockchainsadministrativeinformation,391advantages,392applications,393,394Bitcoin,391catastrophicloss,392computationalproperties,390computing,389controltheoryconcepts,392datastructures,389,390disruptivetechnology,391encryptionprotocols,392GPUcomputation,390managementsoftware,392managementsystems,395notation,390numericalanddistributeddeeplearning,390publickeyscheme,389public/private,392softwareengineering,392stakeholders,392TensorFlow,390,391,393transactions,392Bloodplasma,373,374,384Bluetoothlowenergy(BLE),182,185,187Bluetoothprotocol,182Boltzmannmachine(BM),119Booleannetworks,327Bordacount,416,417Brainactivity,427Brain-computerinterfaces(BCIs)brainactivity,281closed-loopsystem,275cognitivecapacities,275cognitiveenhancement,279andelectroencephalographyrecordingdevice,221andneurofeedbackelements,218technology,278Brainimagingtechniquesactivityclassificationmodel,63biomarkers,63,64biometricsmeasurements,63codecomprehensionandinspection,62EEG,61,63fMRI,61,62mentalworkload,60NIRS,60oxy-Hb,60workmemoryanddecision-making,62Brainnetworks,390Braintomashratio(BMR),133Braintumours,193Bruner'stheory,218Index496CCADASILsyndrome,205Calcium-imagingdata,194Cancer,353prediction,332,333,336types,359Cardslotadapter,246Cardioactivities,181Cardiovasculardiseases,373,384Carelesstype,218Cell-likePsystems,227Cellorganisms,231Cell-signalingpathways,205Cellularautomata(CA),226,227,258Cellularmacromoleculelocalization,419Cellularphonecall(CPC)ANS,482exposure,476,478,486Hedges'geffect,483Cellularstressresponsepathways,351Centralnervoussystem(CNS),205,419Cerebellardegeneration-relatedprotein(Cdr2),418Cerebellum,175andbasalganglia,176inParkinson'sdisease,176Cerebellumcircuit,174Cetaceanvocalizations,128Chaperonesbindingblocks,352cancercells,352cellulardysfunction,351ER,352Hsp90,353hybridmodeling,353,355kineticparameters,355mammaliansystems,355mathematicalapproaches,355molecular,351proteinqualitycontrolsystem,353role,352Character-by-CharacterMatching,442,449Chateauegoendorsementtheory,218Chemotherapeuticagents,204ChestX-ray(Pneumonia)dataset,269ChestX-rays(CXRs),264Chimerastatesbirds,398definition,397degreeofincoherence,401formation,398,405invivo,398mammalians,398neuronmodels,398andneuronsynchronization,398properties,398Chronicmyelomonocyticleukemia,418Citizen-centeredhealthsystem,151Classificationperformance,92–97Classificationscheme,42,43Clathrin-mediatedendocytosis,418Clinicaldementiarating(CDR)scale,83ClinicalDementiaRatingScaleSumofBoxes(CDR-SB),162Closenesscentrality,415CloudAPIs,185Cloudconnectors,185Clusteringdatasetcontents,207Co-Baggingalgorithm,267Co-Forestalgorithm,334Cognition,217,218Cognitiveabilitiesbrain-basedskills,275executivecontrolandawareness,275executivefunctions,277intelligenceandlearningpossibilities,275neuroscienceresearch,277perceptions,277synapsesandnetworks,277Cognitiveassessment,286Cognitiveenhancement,279Cognitiveneurosciences,31Coimbradataset,336Commandlinebarrier,206Communicationchannels,154Compartmentalization,325Complementaritydeterminingregions(CDRs),41–44,48,50,208aggregationpropensity,367antigenicepitope,359APRs,365designofmutations,360epitopebinding,360epitoperecognition,360non-exposedAPRsandAPRs,361residues,361Computationalapproachesindementia,197–198ML(seeMachinelearning(ML))Computationalbiology,323Computationalmodels,328Computationalproperties,390Computer-aideddiagnostic(CAD)CXRimages,266detectionofabnormalities,265diagnostictests,265Index497lungcancerdetection/predictionalgorithm,266tasks,266Computeralgebrasystems(CAS),32Computer-assistedlearning(CAL),277Computerprogramexpertsystem,491functions,490premises,490researchersandacademics,490Computerprogrammingeducationbrainactivity,427brainimagingtechniques(seeBrainimagingtechniques)cognitiveprocess,428cognitivereinforcement,427complexity,426computersciencecurricula,426EEG,428fMRI,427highdropoutrates,426humanperformance,64languages,433learning,433learningapproachesandpathways,59limitations,434neuroeducation,427neuroscience,60representations,426research,428,429researchfindings,431,432researchmethodology,430,431schooleducation,59strategiesandexperienceissues,65types,426ComputertechnologyboundariesandrisksADHD,279distraction/lackofattention,281distress/impairment,280familialdysfunctions,280FamilyMediaUsePlan,281IGD,280parent-childconflict,280problematicgamingbehavior,280sleepdisturbance/depressivesymptoms,281Conicsections,31Container-baseddeploymentapproach,183Controltheoryconcepts,392Conversiontimeline,91–92Convolutionalneuralnetworks(CNNs),106,108applications,122,123architecture,110,111,123deeplearning,108implementation,112NN,108poolinglayers,108principles,121trainingprocess,122Corticalthickness(CTH),85Corticobasaldegeneration(CBD),409Cosinedistances,108Costfunction,138–140,147Co-trainingalgorithm,334Co-trainingmethod,334CoupledLIFneurons,399,400Couplingstrength,403–405Coxproportionalhazardmodel,158Cryptocurrencysurveys,390CST-Voting,267CTMedicalimagesdataset,336CTH-predictionmodels,96Cumulativesum(CUSUM)algorithm,188Custom-madesimulationprograms,325Cysteineresidues,208,366DDarwin'stheory,77Dataanalytics,187,188Dataharmonizationbiosignalandactivitydata,185cloudconnectors,185component,186datanormalization,187FHIR,186functionality,182key-valuepairs,186andknowledgeextraction,182Dataloggershield,245,246Datamining,240Dataminingtechniques,43,48,118Datanormalization,187Datapre-processing,187Dataprocessingandanalysisofbrainimaging(DPABI)toolbox,197Dataprocessinganddigitalvariables,161Datastructures,441Databasetechnologies,343Data-drivenhealthcare,151DatasetschestX-ray(Pneumonia)dataset,269Shenzhenlungmask(Tuberculosis)dataset,269D-BUS,184Decision-makingprocess,74,189Decisionsupportsystems,3Index498Decisionsupporttool,239Decisiontrees(DTs)classification,239,240datamining,240decisionsupporttool,239disadvantages,239multiplecontinuousvariables,239Deeplearning,108Defection,319Deformation-basedMLtechnique,196Defuzzificationmethod,76DegreeDaymodel,294Dementia,70,71,410causes,193computational(trial)products,197,198IntelligentDecisionSupportSystem,197MLN,197DemocraticCo-learningalgorithm,267Deoxyribonucleicacid(DNA),440Deterministicfinite-stateautomaton(DFA),229Device-basedimplementation,185Dietandmealrecommendationalgorithm,347Differentialexpression(DE),307Differentiatedinstruction,32,35Diffusionsensitizinggradientvectors,136Diffusiontensor,136Diffusiontensorimaging(DTI),135,276Diffusion-weightedsignal(DWI),142Digitalchestradiography,264Digitalfoodguidance,345Digitalhealth,23–25,390,394Digitalhealthtechnologies,151Digitalrevolution,151Digitaltools,31,32,38Digitaltransformations,391Dijkstra'salgorithm,138Dijkstra'sminimumcostalgorithm,140Dijkstra'sshortestpathalgorithm,136DirectedAcyclicWordGraphs(DAWG),441DiscreteFouriertransform(DFT),106,110Diseasediagnosis,74Disruptivetechnology,391Distributedcomputing,389Dlg4/PSD95,417DNAcomputing,226DNAsequencingApacheSpark,447errors,442NCBI,448NGS,440problems,451process,440DoctorCloudPlatform,155architecture,153datamanagement,153device,152electronicdevice,155medicaldata,153NFCdevice,154passiveelectronicdevice,153personalaccount,154platform,153Dolphins'foragingstrategiesASPL,131Dolphins'vocalizations,132Drugdesign,115Drugenaantibodies,206commandlinebarrier,206description,206–209platformmainwindow,207,2083Dstructuraloptimization,206DSSPdetects,360DTCoalgorithmCo-Baggingalgorithm,267combinedpredictions,268DemocraticCo-learningalgorithm,267ensemblealgorithm,267experimentalmethodologydatasets,269MLP,268self-labeledalgorithms,269,270WEKA3.
9MachineLearningToolkit,269trainingphase,268Dynamicgeometrysoftware(DGS),32DynamicProgramming,441,445,447,449,451EE-bloodanalysis,344Edgecomputing,24,391E-diagnosistool,344–345E-healthapplicationacyclicgraph,348ASRandNLPtechnologies,344bloodcount,344,346clinicalterminology,343concepts,346e-diagnosisfeature,346FDDBdatabase,347ITarchitecture,349ITtechnologies,343medicalliteratureandnutritionalmedicine,346medicalquestionnaires,344Index499medicalsetvalues,344nutritional,343symptomsandphenotypes,343Eigen-analysis,142Eisert'smodel,317Electricallyerasableprogrammableread-onlymemory(EEPROM),244Electroencephalography(EEG),60,61,63,278,425,427brainactivity,429imagingmethod,429recordingdevice,221signalanalysis,429Electronmicroscopy,207EllipseactivityGeoGebra,35investigationproperty,36Kepler'swork,34orbitsoftheplanets,36,37reflectiveproperty,37,38repeatedwoodenconstruction,35videos,34cognitiveandsocialconstructivism,32cognitiveneuroscience,32DGSsoftware,32differentiatedinstruction,32digitaltools,32educationalapproachknowledge,33projectorandlaptops/tablets,33GeoGebra,32interactiveapproach,32knowledge,33visualinstruments,32Embodiedreasoningskills(ERS),463Emergencydepartment(ED)choices,8description,7diagnosis,8examination,8S-MEDUTA(seeS-MEDUTA)workflow,9Emotionalcontrol,222Endoplasmicreticulum(ER),351,352Enormousstoringcapacity,225Ensemblelearning,267,333,335Environmentalconditions,293Epidemiccontrol,79Eriksoncatharsistheory,218Euclideandistance,378EuropeanHealthRiskAssessmentNetworkonElectromagneticFieldsExposure,484Event-relateddesynchronization(ERD),61Event-relatedpotential(ERP),33Event-relatedsynchronization(ERS),61Evolutionarybiology,254,259Evolutionarygametheory(EGT)biologicalpopulations,256ESS,257fitnessandwell-being,256phenotypicalmodels,257players,256replicatorequation,257strategies,256types,257utilityfunction,256Evolutionarystablestrategy(ESS),255,257Excitotoxicity,205Express-Sessionmodule,349FFalsediscoveryrate(FDR),308FAS-inducedapoptosis,228FastHealthcareInteroperabilityResources(FHIR),186Fasttimereaction,219FASTAfiles,362,363FDA-approvedantibodies,364,367FDDBdatabase,347Fibertracking,147Financialmacrotransactions,390Finiteautomata(FA),229,258Fitzhugh-Nagumomodel,398,405Flashbulbmemory,177Fluidimagetransformation,87FoldXalgorithm,362Formatscoringprotocol,465,466FreeSurferimageanalysis,94FreeSurfersteps,86Frontotemporaldementia(FTD),409,410Functionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI),60–62,197,276,278,427Functionalnear-infraredspectrography(fNIRS),278Functionsg2n,385,386Fuzzydecision-making,76Fuzzyfitnessfinders(FFF),78Fuzzygeneticalgorithms(FGA),78Fuzzyinferencesystems(FIS),73Fuzzylogicandgeneticalgorithmsapplications,77Fuzzylogiccontrollers(FLCs),76–78Fuzzylogicmethods,79Index500GGaitandcognitionsyndrome,167Gametheory(GT)advantage,253automatatheory,254biology,253,254cancerevolutionarymodeling,255decision-making,315definition,253,315EGT,255elements,255evolutionarybiology,254evolutionarydynamics,255prisoner'sdilemma,254problematicsituations,315QT,253quantumevolutionarygames,255quantumgames,315,316rock-paper-scissors,255Gatewaycomponents,183featuresandoperations,184infrastructure,189IoT,182mHealth,182,183,189sensordevices,185GATTnotifications,185Gaussianinteractionprofile(GIP),117Gaussiannoise,298Gaussianprocess,136Gegenbauerfunctions,374,375,379,384Geneontology(GO),308,309,410,418,419Geneprioritization,416,417Geneticalgorithm(GA),77,78Geneticinformationandepigenetics,326Genetics,209Genomeanalysis,226Genome-scaleinteractionnetworks,411GeoGebra,32,33,35–37GermanSocietyofNutrition,347GlobalHealthObservatory,331Globallandmarks,87Glutamatetransporters(GLUTs),205GPUcomputing,390,393HHamilton-Jacobiproblem,136Handshakeconnection,70Hawk-Dovegamemodel,320HCV-predictionmodels,97Healthinformatics,288Healthcareindustry,155Healthcaresphere,155Health-relateddatasets,343Healthycontrols(HC),83Heartratevariability(HRV)components,476,477exclusioncriteria,478exposure,478inclusioncriteria,478,479literaturesearch(datacollection),477measurements,482meta-analysis,479,480meta-regression,481,482,484minutesofexposure,482statisticalanalysis,478,479Heat-shockproteins(HSPs),352,353Heavyfragmentfabdomain(HFab),207HeavyfragmentFcdomain(HFc),207Heavyfragmentvariable(VH),207Heavyfull-lengthchain(HFabFc),207Heterogeneity,478,479,485Highangularresolutiondiffusionimaging(HARDI)techniques,136Higher-orderstatistics,28High-performancecomputing(HPC),401High-throughputexperimentaltechniques,411High-throughputtechnologies,304Hindmarsh-Rosemodel,398Hippocampalvoluming(HCV),86Housing,249HPOdatabase,348Hsp90chaperonemachinery,354HTML5,70Humanactionrecognition,105,106,109,110,113Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV),74Humanskeletonjoints,106Human-centereddesignprinciples,219Huntingtin-interactingprotein1(HIP1),418Huntington'sdisease(HD),205,410,414,417Hybridclusteringalgorithm,51Hybridmodeling,353,356Hybridphylogenetictree,51Hydrodynamicquantities,384Hyperactive-impulsivetype,218Hyperparameteroptimizationstrategy,162Hypervariableregion(HVR),41–43Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenalaxis(HPA),476IiCST-Voting,333,338Immunoglobulins(IG),203Immunoinformatics,206–209Immunology,54Index501InformaticsandcognitiveassessmentAD,286MMSE,287RUDAS,289InstitutionalReviewBoard(IRB),83Insulin-relatedmechanisms,409IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironment(IDE),288Integrativenetwork,411Intelligentcomputationalsystems,263IntelligentDecisionSupportSystem,197Interactivemultimedia(IMM),277Interestforproblemsolving(IPS),464Internal-externalperformancemetrics,165Internalvalidation,163InternationalWorkingGroup(IWG),286Internetcloud,152Internetgamingdisorder(IGD),279Internetnavigationprogram,152Internetofthings(IoT)characterization,181CloudAPIs,183connectors,185,187devicesandsensors,185,186evolution,181gateway,182mHealth(seemHealth)sensors,182,183Intricateconnectivity,397Invertedprolate,374–377,383,384JJanetsuccesstheory,218Java,68Jointdistancemaps,107Kk-DifferenceGlobalAlignment,451KEGGMarkupLanguage,306KEGGpathwaymaps,305Kelvin'sinversionmethod,375,377,378,384Keyperformanceindicators(KPI)alternativescenarios,14customerperspective,16financialperspective,15learningandgrowthperspective,17performanceperspective,16selection,8,12Key-valuepairs,186Kinectsensors,106Kinesiaparadoxa(KP)basalganglia,176braincircuits,177definitionandcauses,173–174modelingscheme,176–178theories,174k-nearestneighbourclassifier(kNN),195,196,199Knowledgediscovery,187,188Knowledgelevels(KL)/levelsofknowledge,463Kuhlcognitivepsychologymodel,222KyotoEncyclopediaofGenesandGenomes(KEGG)database,306,412–414LLagenodelphishosei,127,128Large-scalesocialnetworkanalysis,390Leakyintegrate-and-fire(LIF)modelsynchronizationbraindynamics,397chimerastates(seeChimerastates)coherentandincoherentregions,402coupledneurons,399,400couplingratio,402,403couplingstrength,403–405measuresofcoherence,400,401nonlocalconnectivity,401,402,405nonlocallycoupled,398observations,402potentialevolutionperformscycles,399scalingproperties,405simulations,401Learningdisabilities,278,281Ligand-basedmethods,116–118LigBuilderpackage,209Lightchain,359Light-dependentresistor(LDR),247Lightfragmentvariabledomain(VL),207Lightfull-lengthchain(LFab),207Linearconvolutionoperator,141LinearC-SVMalgorithm,89LiPobatteries,248Localdiffusiontensor,136Logger2000program,128Logicalanalysis,489Log-likelihoodratiotest,299LongestCommonExtension(LCE),451LongestCommonPrefix(LCP)binarysearch,443,444Character-by-CharacterMatching,442datastructure,442divide-and-conqueralgorithm,443implementations,449indexingapplications,442problem,442Word-by-WordMatchingAlgorithm,442Index502LongestCommonSubsequence(LCS)classiccomputerscienceproblem,446comprehensivecomparison,446DynamicProgramming,447implementations,449–451LISproblem,447NaiveSearch,446problem,446,450LongestCommonSubstringdatastructure,450DynamicProgramming,445NaiveSearch,444problem,444,449suffixarray,445LongestIncreasingSubsequence(LIS)problem,447Low-costsensorsystemcardslotadapter,246environmentaldata,244housing,249microcontrollerboard,244,245powersupply,248,249RTCmodule,245SDcard,248sunlightsensor,247temperature/humiditysensor,246,247Lowfrequenciestohighfrequencies(LF/HF),476MMachinelearning(ML),182ADandMCIdiagnosis,158ADbiomarkers,195,196categories,82,193data-drivenclassofalgorithms,193datamining,332datatypes,199entropy,90inMCI,196,197methodologies,199NB,91inneuroimaging,194,195inneuroscience,197optimizationprocess,90SVM,89treesmodel,90validationtests,199Magneticresonancediffusiontensorimaging(MRI-DTI),135clinical,146datasets,141fibertracking,147neuralfiber,147principles,136–137syntheticdata,141Magneticresonanceimaging(MRI),332Magnetoencephalography(MEG),278Majorfacilitatorsuperfamily(MFS),206Majorityprotocols,389,392,393Malthusiangrowthparameter,296Mappingnutrientrecommendations,347Marcotoolbox,327Markovlogicnetwork(MLN),197Massiveparallelism,225Material-relatedcomputation,226Mathematicalbloodflowmodelabsoluterelativeerrorplot,383,385characteristics,373errorplot,383,385first-orderapproximation,379Gegenbauerfunctions,375,379independentvariablesandscalefunctions,378invertedprolate,375,377Kelvininversionmethod,375,377,378mechanisms,373nervoussystem,373particleincell,374,376platelets,373quantitativeresults,383RBCs,373,374solidvolumefractionofswarm,376space-fillingmodel,374Stokesequation,377Stokesflow,374Stokesoperator,377streamfunction,375,379whitebloodcells,373Mathematicalepidemiology,73Mathematicalmodels,354Mathematicalmodelsandcomputersimulationofchemicalcarcinogenesisprocess,457Matlabsamplingrate,128MCI-to-ADconversion,82,83McPhailtraps,294Meanphasevelocity,400–403,405Measuresofcoherence,400,401Medicaldata,153,155Medicaldiagnostictasks,263Membranecomputing,227Membranesystems,226,229–230Membranetransporters,419Memoryability,220Memory-basedstrategies,320MessengerRNA(mRNA),232Meta-analysisIndex503casestudies,479Hedges'geffectsize,478heterogeneity,478LF/HFratio,479randomandfixedeffect,485Metabolicmodels,355Metabotropicglutamatereceptor1(mGluR1),418Metacognitiveabilities(MA),463Meta-regressionsCMAsoftware,482Hedge'sgeffectsize,484,485Methodsinproblemsolvinghumanskills,472knowledgetransfertool,472levelofknowledge,462mHealth,155activitytrackers,183bloodpressuremonitoring,182characteristics,183dataacquisition,183gateway,183,189GPStracking,181implementation,183,184IoTdevicesandsensors,185,186medicalsensors,183Quantified-Selfapplication,183RaspberryPi3,182Microcontrollerboard,244,245Microtubule-basedprocess,419Mildcognitiveimpairment(MCI),81,196andcognitivelynormalindividuals,193inML,196,197Miller-Diekersyndrome,345MiniMentalStateAssessment(MMSE),287Minutesofexposureeffect,483Misfoldedproteins,205,352,410Mitochondria,226–228,231–236MitochondrialDNA,232Mitochondrialdysfunction,205MitochondrialPautomaton,233,235MitochondrialPsystems,226,233Mitochondrialtransmembraneprotein,205Mobileapplicationsblockchains,393,394Mobilecomputing,26,28Mobilehealthapplicationsarchitecture,25–27bloodpressure,24cooperativearchitecture,23digitalhealth,23,24edgecomputing,24gamification,24GDPR,24GPUtechnology,24heartbeat,24humanhealth,23onlinesocialmedia,24pregnancy,24Model-checking-basedtools,327Modelingandsimulationtechniquesapplications,324biologicalcomplexity,323computationalmodel,324,326computationalmodels,325medicine,323RoVerGeNe,327softwarepackages,325validation,326MODELLER,362,365Modellingmethod,226Moleculardescriptors,116Moleculardynamicssimulations(MDs),209Molecularfunctions(MF),418,419Molecularmodeling,116Molecularnetworks,411–413,419Molecularsystems,411MongoDBandminiMongo,349Monocarboxylatetransporters(MCTs),205–206Monoclonalantibodies(mAbs),204,205aggregationpropensity,360,361,363,368ANTISOMA(seeANTISOMA)automatedpipeline,360commercial,362,363computationalmodels,369FDA,364monovalentaffinity,359,367mutationdesign,360optimization,364PDBID2FJF,364,365,367–369processingandanalysis,363rituximab,365supercharging,362Monsterchimera,398Moore'slaw,225Motiontrackers,181,182,185Movementdisorder,173MRIacquisition,84–85Multi-attributeutilitytheory(MAUT),2Multiculturalcognitiveassessmentscale,288Multicutmethod,194Multi-environmentPsystem,230,231,234Multilayerperceptron(MLP),268Multiplecriteriaanalysis,2Multiplekernellearning(MKL),194,195,199Multiplesclerosis(MS),205Index504Multiplesequencealignments,47Multi-tensormodels,135Multiwaydigitalinfluenceestimation,391NNaiveBayes(NB),83,91NaiveSearch,444Nashequilibrium(NE),255,256classicalquantumtransitions,318decoherence,318defection,319interrogationtechnique,317payoffs,318phaserelationship,318NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA),128Naturalcomputing,225Nauticalmap,130NCBIdatabases,206Near-infraredspectroscopy(NIRS),60Negativebinomial(NB),307Netizens,394Neural-likePsystems,227Neuralnetwork(NN),108NeuroMotorIndex(NMI),158NeurodegenerationandADCs,205,206Neurodegenerativediseasepathwaynetwork(NDPN)constructionphase,413,414geneprioritization,416,417topologicalanalysisbetweennesscentrality,415,416bridgeness,415closenesscentrality,415intrapath,414,415Katzcentrality,416visualization,414Neurodegenerativediseases(NDs),205,206,209,351,356antigenprocessing,418AP2A1,417Bordacount,417exogenousantigen,418geneticapproaches,419GO,418GRIN1andGRIN2B,417macromolecules,419microtubule-basedtransport,419NDPN(seeNeurodegenerativediseasepathwaynetwork(NDPN))pathways,409–411RESTgene,418subnetwork,417systemsbiology,411,412topologicalpathwayanalysis,412,413topologicalproperties,412Neurodegenerativedisorders,352Neurodegenerativeresearch,226Neuroeducation,31,39,60,427Neurofeedback-basedvideogameADHD(seeAttentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD))andcognition,217,218description,220educationandmentalrehabilitation,217levels,220–222objectives,219,220self-regulationability,222,223NeurofeedbacktrainingADDandADHDrehabilitation,217attentionandconcentrationabilities,219features,222self-regulate,222timeracedue,221vigilanceactivity,217writtentextandwithaudiovisualcues,220Neuro-fuzzynetworksinmedicalfields,437NeuroimagingML,194,195Neuronalantigens,418Neuro-oncologicalventralantigen1(NOVA1),418Neuropharmacology,207,209Neuroplasticitybrainability,276cognitivefunctions,276experienceandlearning,276imagingmethods,276structureandfunction,276Neuropsychologicaltests,287Newtonianfluid,373Next-generationsequencing(NGS),440,441NLPalgorithms,348NMIpredictionmodel,163Nonlineardynamicinteractions,325Noradrenergicaugmentation,174Noradrenergicsystem(NA),174Norepinephrine(NE),174OObservationability,220Olivefruitflypopulationdynamics,293Olivefruitflytraps,294,295Olivegrovesremotemonitoring,243,249sensorsystems,250Olivetrees,293Index505diseases,243groves,243healthbenefits,243Ontogeny,326OpenmHealth,186OpenNCP,186Optimizationapproachescategory,194Organiccells,228Orientationdiffusionfunction(ODF),135Oritatamicomputation,226,227Outbreakdetection,294Outbreakdetectiondataset,297Outbreakdetectionmachinelearningapproach,294OutbreakdetectionMcPhailtraps,294Outbreakdetectionolivefruitfly,293OutbreakdetectionPythonpowerlawpackage,296Outbreakdetectionvariancefunction,296Oxidativephosphorylation,235Oxidativestress,205Oxygenatedhemoglobin(oxy-Hb),60PParkinson'sdisease(PD),173,205,410,411,414,417,419Parkinsonianplussyndromes,409Particleincell,374–376,384Passivetransmembranetransporteractivity,419Pathwayanalysis(PA),304Pathwayanalysisapproaches,311Patient-/citizen-centeredhealth,151Pavlov'sbehavioraltheory,319Payloaddrug,209Peptidebinding,419Periodicboundaryconditions,399Personalizeddiet,344Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic(PK/PD)parametersprediction,124Phylogenetictrees,51VHdomainantibody,52VLdomainantibody,53Piaget'stheory,218PISAInternationalPupilAssessmentProgrambasiclevels,460,461creation,460interviews,464methodandsample,462objective,460researchhypothesis,461objectives,462problem,461questions,462sampling,464variablesdefinitionERS,463IPS,464KL,463MA,463PS,463SX,464TKL,463worksheets(seeWorksheetanalysis,PISA)Pixelindex,140Pixilations,145PKU-MMDdataset,106,112Plasticitygenes,417Platelets,373Player-centeredgamedesign,219Poissonmodel,307Polygenicriskscore(PRS),168Polypeptidesequence,360Positronemissiontomography(PET),276Postsynapticdensityprotein95(PSD95),417Powersupply,248Predictionrates,92,97–98Principalcomponentsanalysis(PCA),196,197,199Prion-likespread,205Prisoners'Dilemma(PD)Bayesianframework,317biology,316,319classicalgame,318classicalandquantumform,319–320cooperation,317demonstration,316description,316Eisert'smodel,316,317entanglement/nonlocality,318non-maximallyentangledstates,317quantumeconomicmechanisms,317schemes,318selfishbehavior,319two-playertwo-strategygames,316Problemsolvingmathematicalproblems,459PISAprogram(seePISAInternationalPupilAssessmentProgram)transitions,459Progressivesupranuclearpalsy(PSP),409Prostatecancer,418Proteasomaldysfunction,205ProteinDataBank(PDB),43–45,47,48,52,206Proteinfoldingmechanism,351Protein-to-proteininteractionnetworks,390Protocol-basedimplementation,185Pseudo-inversematrixmethod,137Index506Psychometrictests,287PubChemdatabase,207,210Publickeyscheme,389PyMOL,208,209PythonandScratchprogramminglanguages,430Pythonpowerlawpackage,296QQ-balltractography,135QMautomata,228Quantified-Selfapplications,181–185,189concept,182,189frameworks,181Quantitativeaspects,326Quantitativemodels,325Quantitativestructure-activityrelationship(QSAR)models,116Quantumbiology,259QuantumCA(QCA),259Quantumcomputing,395Quantumgametheory(QGT),257,259classicalGTamplification,320entanglement,320quantummechanics,315Quantumgamesclassicalanalogue,316definition,315entanglement,318equilibria,317networks,318perspectives,318quantumnoise,319quantumsystems,320strategies,316Quasi-likelihoodapproach(QLF),308RRE1-silencingtranscriptionfactor(REST)gene,418Real-lifedata,187Real-timeclock(RTC),244Receiveroperatingcharacteristic(ROC),163Recurrentneuralnetworks(RNNs),107Redbloodcells(RBCs),373–376,384Reductionism,323Registration/publish/subscribemodel,185Rehabilitationprocedure,219Resemblance,233–235ResilientDistributedDataset(RDDs),448RESTAPIs,184RESTfulAPI'sfront-end,68RestrictedBoltzmannmachines(RBM),119feed-forwardtypemodel,119hiddenlayers,121shallowmachinelearningmodels,121trainingphases,120trainingprocess,119RibosomalRNA,232Ribosomes,232Rituximab,363,365RNA-seqexpressiondataprofiles,305Roboticsystemsinvolvedindiagnosisofneurodegenerativediseases,423ROCcurves,163Rock-paper-scissors,255RowlandUniversalDementiaAssessmentScale(RUDAS),288R-semiseparableform,384RTCmodule,245SScoringfunctions,116Second-orderStokesirrotationaloperator,375Self-labeledalgorithmsalgorithm,333DTCo,264ensemblelearning,333machinelearninganddatamining,332microarraydata,332MRIhistogram,332performanceevaluation,269–271self-labeledclassificationalgorithms,333supervisedpredictionmodels,264types,267X-rayclassification,271Self-labeledmethods,334Self-regulationability,222,223Seminaturalisticobservationalstudy,160Semi-supervisedlearning(SSL)algorithms,333CST-Voting,267framework,273machinelearningmethodology,264SensorsmanagementUI,185,186Sequence-basedaggregationpredictors,361SerialPeripheralInterface(SPI),246Server-clientcommunication,69–70Sexratiogames,255Sexsheet(SX),464Shenzhenlungmask(Tuberculosis)dataset,269SIMUL8software,4,13Simulations,LIF,401Index507Single-geneinteractionnetwork,306Single-winnerelectionmethods,416SISFuzzyModel,75,76SkeletonNet,107Smartinfrastructurestatus,390S-MEDUTABSC(seeBalancedscorecard(BSC))currentsituation,3EDdescription,7,8EDworkflow,9evaluation,18healthcareorganization,3integratedmethodology,19KPI,4,8,9,11(seealsoKeyperformanceindicators(KPI))methodology,4miningtechniques,20scenariosselection,13,14simulationmodelanalysis,12simulationresults,15,16stakeholders,3Socialnetworkanalysis,391Solubis,364,366,369Soundproduction,127,133Space-fillingmodel,363,365,374SpacePirates,218–223Space-timeplots,401Specificabsorptionrate(SAR),478Spikingneurons,403Squaredistribution(QR),482STAND-score,93State-machine-likeautomata,227Statisticalanalysis,91,489,491Stenobredanensis,127,129Stochasticcomputing,226Stochasticdifferentialmodel,295Stochasticoutbreakmodel,294Stokesequation,375,377Stokesflow,374,375,384Stokesoperator,377,384Streamfunction,374,375,377–379,383–386Streamlinetractography,136Stringalgorithms,441String-relatedproblems,226Structure-activityrelationship(SAR)model,117Structure-basedmethods,116Subduralhaematomas,193Subjectinclusionandexclusion,87–88Subpathwayanalysis,304Substance-relatedandaddictivedisorders,280Substantianigra,175Substitutionmatrix,363Suffixarray,445Sunlightsensor,247Supervisedlearning,193,195SupervisedMLmethods,196Supportvectormachines(SVM),63,89,196,239SyConnpipeline,194Syllogisms,490SympathovagalbalanceLF/HFratio,476,482meta-regression,485outcomes,483Syntheticdata,142Syntheticminorityover-samplingtechnique(SMOTE),195,199Synucleinopathies,410Systemiclupuserythematodes(SLE),476System-levelmessageexchange,183Systemsbiology,419AD,303,305biologicalprocesses,303genecommunities,306geneinteractionnetworkconstruction,306GOandpathways,308GWASstudy,311healthcarecosts,303high-throughputsequencing,307high-throughputtechnologies,304metabolicandnon-metabolicpathwaymaps,308NDs,411,412RNA-seq,309subpathwayanalysis,304TTANGO,366Tauprotein,205Telemedicine,71Telemonitoringsystems,189Temperature/humiditysensor,246,247TensorFlow,390,391,393Textualprogramminglanguage,428,429representation,428Texture-basedabnormalitydetectionsystem,265Theoryofcomputation,227–229,2333Dhumanactionunderstanding,1113Dsyntheticdata,146Tissue-likePsystems,227Topologicalpathwayanalysis,412,413Topology-basedmethodsapplication,412Index508Traditionalmachinelearningapproaches,105Trainingset,162Transitionofknowledgelevels(TKL),463Two-dimensionalvisualization,310UUnconventionalcomputing,225UnifiedModelingLanguage(UML),428UTASTARadditivevaluefunction,5criteria,6errorfunctions,6globalvalue,6linearinterpolation,5non-uniqueness,7solveLP,7UTAmethod,4VVanderPoloscillator,405Variancefunction,299Verhulstmodel,296VirtualPrivateServer,69Virtualtools,288Visualmemoryandobservation,219Visualprogrammingimperativeandobject-orientedapproach,425languages,428,429representation,428traineeprogrammers,426Voltage-dependentanionchannel1(VDAC1),205Vygotskytheory,218WWakeOnLan(WOL)API,69ecosystem,67,68server,69Walktrapalgorithm,415Web-basedUI,182WEKA3.
9MachineLearningToolkit,269WEKAmachinelearningsoftware,90Whitebloodcells,373Whitematterconnectivity,146Wirelesssensornetwork(WSN),244WisconsinDiagnosisBreastCancer(WDBC)dataset,336Word-by-WordMatchingAlgorithm,442Worksheetanalysis,PISAcomparingstudentperformance,470formatscoringprotocol,465,466generalstudentperformance,467knowledgetransfertool,472resolutionstrategiesdevelopment,471students'basicskillscheck,471worksheet1overviewproblem1,467,468problem2,468problem3,469worksheet2overviewproblem1,469–470problem3,470XXGBoostclassificationalgorithm,161X-rayclassificationdataminingapplication,265maximum-probabilityvotingscheme,267pulmonaryabnormalities,266X-raycrystallography,207Index