anaesthesianetvigator
netvigator 时间:2021-01-10 阅读:(
)
HongKongMedJVol13No4#August2007#www.
hkmj.
org327IntroductionImprovedhygieneandpublicawarenesshaveledtoasteadydeclineintheincidenceofpulmonarytuberculosis(PTB)indevelopedcountries.
1Bettersocio-economicconditionsandamoreeffectivepublichealthpolicyinHongKongledtoaremarkabledropinthenotificationrateper100000population,from528.
9in1954to90.
5in2004.
2DespitesuchasharpdeclineinPTB,somelong-termsequelae,suchasunilateralvocalfoldparalyses,remainandshouldnotbeunderestimatedeveninamodernsociety.
Pulmonarytuberculosismayinvolvetherecurrentlaryngealnerve,eitherasaresultofinflammatorylymphadenopathyorchroniclungfibrosis.
3Thelatterisusuallyirreversible,evenwithanti-tuberculoustreatment,thusearlydiagnosisandsurgicalinterventionareoftheutmostimportance.
Wepresentthreepatients,whosufferedfromunilateralleftvocalfoldparalysiscausedbypost-PTBchroniclungfibrosis.
Theyallunderwentmedialisationthyroplastyandhadsatisfactoryspeechandswallowingoutcomes.
CasereportsCase1A58-year-oldmanwithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease,bronchiectasis,andahistoryoftreatedPTB30yearsearlier,complainedofhoarsenessfor3months.
Hedescribedeasyaspirationwhenswallowing,followedbydifficultycoughingouttheaspiratedmaterials.
Therewasnoconcomitantmedicalillnessabletoaccountforhissymptoms.
ThepatientwasreferredtotheVoiceClinicatQueenMaryHospitalinFebruary2001andunderwentlaryngoscopicexamination.
Thisshowedaleftvocalfoldparalysiswithapersistentglotticgaponphonation(Fig1a).
Atransnasalupperendoscopy(includingpharyngoscopy,bronchoscopy,andoesophagoscopy)detectednoabnormalitiesandacomputedtomographic(CT)scanofthethoraxshowedgrossparenchymaldestructionatbothupperlobeswithformationoflargebullaeattheapices.
Cysticandfibroticchangeswerealsoobservedintherightmiddle,rightlower,andleftupperlobes.
TheoverallfindingswereconsistentwithpreviousPTBinfection.
Thediagnosisofpost-PTBlungfibrosisandtractionbronchiectasiswasconfirmedbyrepeatingthechestX-rayonseveraloccasions.
Asputumsmearandculturewasnegativeforacid-fastbacillusandsputumcytologywasnegativeformalignancy.
WeperformedamedialisationthyroplastyasproposedbyIsshikietal4underlocalanaesthesia.
Duringtheprocedure,a10-mmx5-mmwindowwasmade5mmposteriortothethyroidcartilagemidline.
Aself-fabricatedsilasticimplantwasthenusedtomedialisetheparalysedvocalfold(Fig1b).
Thepatient'spostoperativecoursewasuneventfulandbothhisspeechandswallowingwererectified.
Thispatientremainedwellfor3yearsaftersurgerybutdiedfromanexacerbationofbronchiectasisanddecompensatedtypeIIrespiratoryfailure.
Case2A79-year-oldwomanwithbronchiectasiswasreferredtoourdivisioninJune2001withaImprovedhygieneandpublicawarenesshaveledtoasteadydeclineintheincidenceofpulmonarytuberculosisindevelopedcountries.
Nonetheless,long-termsequelaelikeunilateralvocalfoldparalysisshouldnotbeunderestimatedinamodernsociety.
Wereportthreepatientswithchroniclungfibrosisfollowingpulmonarytuberculosisleadingtounilateralvocalfoldparalysis.
Allthreepatientshadhoarsenessandchronicaspirationonswallowing.
Earlydiagnosisandpromptsurgicalinterventionareessentialifthispotentiallyfatalcomplicationistobeprevented.
MedialisationthyroplastyforunilateralvocalfoldparalysisassociatedwithchronicpulmonarytuberculosisCASEREPORTKeywordsTuberculosis,pulmonary;VocalfoldparalysisHongKongMedJ2007;13:327-9DivisionofOtorhinolaryngology,HeadandNeckSurgery,DepartmentofSurgery,UniversityofHongKongMedicalCentre,QueenMaryHospital,PokfulamRoad,HongKongPKYLam,FRCS(Edin)WIWei,FRCS(Eng)Correspondenceto:DrPKYLamE-mail:lamkyip1@netvigator.
comPaulKYLamWilliamIWei#LamandWei#328HongKongMedJVol13No4#August2007#www.
hkmj.
orghistoryofhoarsenessfor1year.
Shealsocomplainedofaspirationifdrinkingfast.
ShehadbeentreatedforPTB51yearsearlierandhadnoothersignificantmedicalhistorythatmightexplainhersymptoms.
Onlaryngoscopicexamination,theleftvocalfoldwasparalysedandtherewasapersistentglotticgapandinadequatecompensationofthecontralateralvocalfold.
Athoroughheadandneckexaminationandtransnasalupperendoscopicexaminationwereallnormalexceptfortheleftvocalfoldparalysis.
Computedtomographicscanningofthethoraxrevealedacollapsedleftupperlobewithamediastinalshifttotheleft.
TherewassignificantlossofleftlungvolumeandtheoverallfeatureswereconsistentwitholdPTBchanges(Fig2).
Asputumsmearandcultureforacid-fastbacilluswasnegativeandsputumcytologywasnegativeformalignancy.
Sherefusedtohaveanysurgicalinterventionsowasreferredtoourspeechtherapistforconservativetreatment.
Bothherspeechandswallowingproblemspersistedforthenext6monthssosheeventuallyagreedtohavesurgery.
Amedialisationthyroplastywasperformedasdescribedincase1;andan8-mmx4-mmwindowwasmadeduetothesmallerfemalelarynx.
Thesurgerywasuneventfulandspeechandswallowingweresuccessfullyrehabilitated.
Shewaslastseen5yearsaftersurgeryandremainedwellwitharepeatedchestX-rayshowingchronicPTBchangesandnoothersignificantpathology.
Case3An82-year-oldmanpresentedtoourdivisioninOctober2003witha6-monthhistoryofhoarsenessandrecurrentaspirationonswallowing.
Hehadchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease,emphysema,PTBtreated5yearsearlier,andnoothersignificantmedicalillness.
Onlaryngoscopicexamination,theleftvocalfoldwasfoundtobeparalysedleavingalargeglotticgap.
Atransnasalupperendoscopyandaheadandneckexaminationwerenormal.
Computedtomographicscanningfromtheskullbasetothethoraxshowedextensivefibrosisandlungdestructioninbothupperlobes.
Pleuralthickeningwasnotedintheupperpartofthehemithoraxonbothsides.
TheoverallfeatureswerecompatiblewithlongstandingPTB.
Asputumsmearandcultureforacid-fastbacilliwasnegativeandsputumcytologywasnegativeformalignancy.
Amedialisation(a)(b)FIG1.
LaryngoscopicexaminationParalysedleftvocalfoldbefore(a)andafter(b)medialisationthyroplastyFIG2.
Post-contrastaxialcomputedtomographicthoraxTherewerecalcifiedlesionswithfibrosispresentintheleftupperlobe,associatedwithamediastinalshifttotheleftside.
Calcifiedlymphnodeswerealsoevidentintherightaxilla#Medialisationthyroplastyforvocalfoldparalysis#HongKongMedJVol13No4#August2007#www.
hkmj.
org329thyroplastywasperformedasincase1witha10-mmx5-mmwindowmadeforvocalfoldmedialisation.
Thepatientrecoveredwellpostoperatively,achievingsatisfactoryspeechandswallowing.
Hedid,however,needhomeoxygen7monthsaftersurgeryforhisend-stagelungdisease.
ChestX-raysdoneonseveraloccasionsconfirmedpost-PTBlungfibrosis.
Hedied9monthsaftersurgeryfromdecompensatedtypeIIrespiratoryfailure.
DiscussionWehavereportedthreecasesinvolvingpatientswithleftvocalfoldparalysis,allofwhomwerediagnosedwithchronicPTBbasedontheirhistories,thefindingsonCTimagingandrepeatedchestX-rays,andthelackofotheridentifiablemedicalorsurgicalcauses.
ChronicPTBpredominantlyinvolvingtheupperlobesisawell-documentedcauseofvocalfoldparalysis.
Intrathoracicdiseaseusuallyaffectsonlytheleftrecurrentlaryngealnerve,whilsttherightonemaybeaffectedinapicalpleuralfibrosisorbycervicallymphnodes.
Inallthreecases,extensivepulmonaryfibrosisintheupperlobessuggestedthattheleftrecurrentlaryngealnervecouldbeaffectedbyeitherentrapmentinthescarortractionneuropathy.
3Withwidespreaduseofeffectiveanti-tuberculoustreatment,vocalfoldparalysisrarelycomplicatesprimarytuberculousmediastinallymphadenopathy.
Withimprovedhygieneandnutrition,morepatientswithtreatedtuberculouslesionslivelongenoughtodevelopchroniclungfibrosis.
Thisimmobilityofthevocalfoldisusuallyirreversibleanddoesnotrespondtoanti-tuberculouschemotherapy.
Unilateralvocalfoldparalysiswithinadequatecompensationbythecontralateralvocalfoldusuallypresentswithhoarseness.
Somepatientsmaydevelopseveresymptomssuchasaspiration,poorcoughingeffort,orpneumonia.
Heitmilleretal5showedthatinpatientswithunilateralvocalfoldmotionimpairment,aspirationwasseenin38%andlaryngealpenetrationin12%.
Normalswallowinginvolvesrepeatedvocalfoldclosure,whichimpliesaperiodofapnoea.
Inpatientswithcompromisedpulmonarycapacitylikepost-PTBchroniclungfibrosis,theserepeatedinstancesofforcedapnoeaduringeveryswallowmayleadtoinsidiousfatigueoftheairwayprotectivemechanism.
Thus,astheyeatameal,patientsincreasetheirriskofaspiration.
6Indebilitatedpatientswithcompromisedpulmonaryfunction,aspirationcanbealife-threateningevent.
Thetimingofsurgicalinterventionforunilateralvocalfoldparalysisdependsontheseverityofsymptomsandtherecoverypotential.
SincethemajorityofchronicPTBpatientshaveirreversiblevocalfoldparalysis,surgicalmedialisationshouldbeundertakenearlyforpersistentaspiration.
VocalfoldaugmentationwithTeflonhasbeenlargelysuper-sededbytheuseoffat,collagen,orhyaluronicacidinjections.
7Nonetheless,spontaneousabsorptionoftheinjectedfat,collagen,orhyaluronicacidmakestheoutcomeunpredictable.
Medialisationthyroplastyisnowbeingselectedasamorereliabletreatmentalternative.
Paralysedvocalfoldsaremedialisedbyinsertingacarvedsilasticimplantorotheralloplasticmaterialsthroughawindowinthethyroidalarcartilagetocorrectglotticinsufficiency.
Ifthisprocedureisperformedunderlocalanaesthesiawithconcomitantflexiblelaryngoscopicassessmentandevaluationofthepatient'svoice,wecanoptimisethevocalfoldpositionintra-operatively.
Withsuccessfulglotticclosure,normalspeechcanberestoredandaspirationpneumonitiscanbeprevented.
ChronicPTBlungfibrosispresentingwithunilateralvocalfoldparalysisstillhappensindevelopedsocieties.
SincerespiratoryorfamilyphysiciansseemostcasesofunilateralvocalfoldparalysissecondarytochronicPTB,promptreferraltoanotorhinolaryngologistofpatientswithchroniclungfibrosispresentingwithbreathyvoicesandchokingisoftremendousimportance.
Chronicaspiration,recurrentpneumonitis,andthelowrateofspontaneousrecoveryallsupportearlysurgicalmedialisationoftheparalysedfoldtopreventapotentiallyfataloutcome.
1.
WorldHealthOrganization.
Globaltuberculosiscontrol:surveillance,planning,financing,WHOReport2003(WHO/CDS/TB/2003.
316).
Geneva:WHO;2003.
2.
AnnualReport2004.
Appendix1.
HongKong:TuberculosisandChestService,DepartmentofHealth;2004.
3.
GuptaSK.
Thesyndromeofspontaneouslaryngealpalsyinpulmonarytuberculosis.
JLaryngolOtol1960;74:106-13.
4.
IsshikiN,MoritaH,OkamuraH,HiramotoM.
Thyroplastyasanewphonosurgicaltechnique.
ActaOtolaryngol1974;78:451-7.
5.
HeitmillerRF,TsengE,JonesB.
Prevalenceofaspirationandlaryngealpenetrationinpatientswithunilateralvocalfoldmotionimpairment.
Dysphagia2000;15:184-7.
6.
OlssonR,NilssonH,EkbergO.
Simultaneousvideoradiographyandpharyngealsolidstatemanometry(videomanometry)in25nondysphagicvolunteers.
Dysphagia1995;10:36-41.
7.
ZeitelsSM,CasianoRR,GardnerGM,etal.
Managementofcommonvoiceproblems:Committeereport.
OtolaryngolHeadNeckSurg2002;126:333-48.
References
[六一云迎国庆]转盘活动实物礼品美国G口/香港CTG/美国T级超防云/物理机/CDN大促销六一云 成立于2018年,归属于西安六一网络科技有限公司,是一家国内正规持有IDC ISP CDN IRCS电信经营许可证书的老牌商家。大陆持证公司受大陆各部门监管不好用支持退款退现,再也不怕被割韭菜了!主要业务有:国内高防云,美国高防云,美国cera大带宽,香港CTG,香港沙田CN2,海外站群服务,物理机,...
ZJI本月新上线了香港葵湾机房站群服务器,提供4个C段238个IPv4,支持使用8折优惠码,优惠后最低每月1400元起。ZJI是原Wordpress圈知名主机商家:维翔主机,成立于2011年,2018年9月更名为ZJI,提供中国香港、台湾、日本、美国独立服务器(自营/数据中心直营)租用及VDS、虚拟主机空间、域名注册等业务,所选数据中心均为国内普遍访问速度不错的机房。葵湾二型(4C站群)CPU:I...
香港最便宜的vps要多少钱?最便宜的香港vps能用吗?香港vps无需备案,整体性能好,而且租用价格便宜,使用灵活,因为备受站长喜爱。无论是个人还是企业建站,都比较倾向于选择香港VPS。最便宜的香港vps能用吗?正因为有着诸多租用优势,香港VPS在业内颇受欢迎,租用需求量也在日益攀升。那么,对于新手用户来说,香港最便宜的vps租用有四大要点是务必要注意的,还有易探云香港vps租用最便宜的月付仅18元...
netvigator为你推荐
域名价格什么样的域名比较值钱?虚拟主机代理个人适合代理虚拟主机的业务吗免费国外空间免费国外全能空间申请中国域名注册中国十大域名注册服务商有哪些?虚拟主机申请在哪里可以申请到虚拟主机呢免备案虚拟空间免备案的虚拟主机空间,买了以后会强制备案不?免备案虚拟空间教你怎么看免备案虚拟主机空间深圳网站空间菜鸟问:网站空间如何选择,与空间的基本知识?免备案虚拟主机请问哪里好一点的免备案的虚拟主机?独立ip虚拟主机独立ip的虚拟主机和vps的区别和优势??
国际域名抢注 网站域名备案查询 highfrequency cdn服务器 表格样式 警告本网站美国保护 七夕快乐英文 可外链网盘 metalink 新世界服务器 东莞idc 路由跟踪 我的世界服务器ip photobucket 群英网络 广东主机托管 阿里云邮箱怎么注册 上海联通 新网dns 优惠服务器 更多