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Europe'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/20041EUROPE&CIS'STELECOMMUNICATION/ICTMARKETSANDTRENDS1.
Liberalized,private&competitiveEurope&CIShasdevelopedintotheregionwiththehighestdegreeofliberalization,privatizationandcompetitioninitstelecommunicationsector.
Whileby2004themajorityofcountries(54percentofcountriesworldwide)hadopeneduptheirbasictelecomservicemarketstocompetition,Europe&CIStookthelead.
CompetitiontotheEuropeanincumbentsisthenormandsome85percentoflocalmarkets,73percentoflongdistancemarketsand74percentofinternationalmarketsareopentootheroperators1(Figure1,topleft).
AtthesametimeEurope&CISleadsintermsofprivatizationandhasthehighestpercentageofpartlyorfullyprivateincumbents(Figure1,topright).
Europe&CISalsoleadsinthegenerallymoreliberalizedtelecommunicationmarkets.
By2004,ninety-fourpercentoftheregion'scellularmobileserviceshadbeenopenedtocompetition,comparedto92percentinAfrica,75percentintheAmericas,and69percentinAsia-PacificandtheArabStates(Figure1,bottomleft).
Europe&CISremainstheonlyregionintheworldwithaonehundredpercentcompetitiveISPmarket(Figure1,bottomright).
Figure1:Europetakesthelead:liberalization,privatization&competitionLevelofcompetitionforbasicservices,byglobalregion,2004(topleft)andpercentageofcountrieswithpartlyorfullyprivateincumbents,byglobalregion,2004(topright).
Levelofcompetitionincellularmobileservices,2004(bottomleft)andInternetservices,2003(bottomright).
4823155485514946775249510102030405060708090AfricaAmericasAsia-PacificArabStatesEurope&CISWorldMonopolyCompetitionOfwhich:85%local,73%longdistance.
,74%internat.
77%74%53%42%43%0%20%40%60%80%100%Europe&CISAmericasAsia-PacificAfricaArabStates6313125894696975920%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%AfricaAmericasAsia-PacificArabStatesEuropeMonopolyCompetitionCellularmobileservices90291110889917190921000%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%AfricaAmericasAsia-PacificArabStatesEuropeWorldMonopolyCompetitionInternetservicesSource:ITUWorldTelecommunicationRegulatoryDatabase.
Note:EuropereferstoEurope&CIS.
1ITU.
TrendsinTelecommunicationReform2004/2005.
Europe'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200422.
Fixedlinestagnation…ThetotalnumberofmaintelephonelinesinEurope&CIShasshownaminimalgrowthrate-belowonepercent-forseveralyearsandthenumberofmainlinesreacheditspeakintheBalticStatesandWesternEuropein2001,whenitstoodat223million(Figure2,left).
Between2001and2003atotalof22states(42percentofallthoseinEurope&CIS)registeredanegativegrowthrateinfixedlinesandonlyeightcountrieshadgrowthratesofmorethanfourpercent.
Despitethesedevelopmentstheregionremainsthegloballeaderintermsoffixedlinepenetration.
Inanumberofcountriesstagnationinthefixedlinemarketispartlyduetosaturation.
InWesternEurope,overallfixedlinepenetrationratestandsat56percent,withmosthouseholdsowningatelephoneline(Figure2,right).
Animportantissue,andapotentialthreattofixedlineoperators,isthefixedtomobilesubstitution(FMS),thatis,theuseofmobilephonesinsteadoffixedphonesforcallsoraccess.
FMSmaytakedifferentforms,andisnotalwaysclearlymeasurable(unlessthroughhouseholdsurveys),andinterpretationsandpredictionsaboutitsscaleandimpactvary.
AlthoughtherelativelystablenumberoffixedlinesinWesternEuropesuggeststhatfewusersareactually'cuttingthecord',arecentEUcommissionedsurveysuggeststhatsomenewEuropeanusersaregoing'straighttomobile'.
Accordingtothe2003/04survey"anincreasingnumberofhouseholdshaveoneormoremobilephoneswithoutowninganyfixedline:whiletheaverageofhouseholdswithoutanyfixedlineis15%,thisproportionreaches33%inFinlandandPortugal"2.
FMSseemstobeanevengreaterissueinthelower-incomeregionsofEurope&CISandfixedlinegrowthratesremainlowevenincountrieswherepenetrationlevelshavenotreachedsaturation.
TheCommonwealthofIndependentStates(CIS),whichatamodest3.
8percentin2003,showedthehighestfixedlinegrowthrate,hadonly21fixedlinesper100inhabitants.
Muchhighergrowthratesinthemobilemarket,89percentinCISin2003,suggestthatmanyuserschoosetohaveaccesstoamobilephoneonly.
IntheBalticStatesmobileovertookfixedintheyear2002.
Sincethenfixedlinepenetrationhasstoodatsome30percentandactuallydecreasedbyalmosteightpercentin2003.
Mobilegrowthrates,incontrast,remainedstrongatsome30percentin2003,withpenetrationexceeding62percent.
Figure2:FixedlinestagnationFixedlinepenetrationovertime(1993-2003)byglobalregion(left)andpercentageofhouseholdswithtelephone,WesternEurope,2003Maintelephonelinesper100inhabitants,1993-20030.
010.
020.
030.
040.
050.
0199319951997199920012003Europe&CISAmericasWorldAsia-PacificAfrica999998979695908885807749664857666043484941100020406080100SwedenFinlandGermanyItalyFranceIcelandUKSpainAustriaBelgiumPortugal%HHwithtelephoneTeledensityFixedlinesinWesternEurope,2003Source:ITUWorldTelecommunicationIndicatorsDatabase.
2Thesurvey,whichwascarriedoutfortheEuropeanCommission,wasbasedonasampleof44'219respondentsin127regions,beingrepresentativeofthetotalpopulationofthe15pre-accessionEUMemberStatesbydemographicsandregions.
Theinterviewswerecarriedoutbetweentheendof2003andthebeginningof2004.
Seehttp://europa.
eu.
int/information_society/newsroom/cf/itemlongdetail.
cfmitem_id=1347.
Europe'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/20043Oneofthemainreasonswhythemobilephonehaschallengedthefixedlinehasbeenthedramaticdropinprices,triggeredbymajorcompetitioninthemobilesector.
Insomecountries,suchasDenmarkandFinland,thegapbetweenfixedandmobilepriceshasconsiderablyshrunk.
3Withthedecreasingdifferenceinprices,fixedlineoperatorsarelosingtrafficandrevenuestothemobilesector.
Thetrendhighlightedbythemajorityof2004financialreportsinthetelecommunicationindustryshowed:lowerfixednetworkvoicetelephonyrevenuesversushighermobileandbroadbandrevenues.
Germany'sDeutscheTelekomAG-Europe'slargesttelecomoperator–reporteda4.
4percentdropinitsfixedlineunit,T-Com.
Thisloss,broughtonbystrongercompetitionandpricepressures,wasoffsetonlybystronggrowthinthebroadband(DSL)market.
4InFrance,thefixedlinetelephonymarkethasdroppedcontinuouslysince1998,witha4.
1percentfallinvalueand4.
2percentdropinvolume(minutes)in2003.
But,accordingtoART,theFrenchregulator,"growthofaround12percentinvalueinthemobiletelephonyandInternetbusinesseasilyoffsetthestructuraldeclineinthefixedlinemarket".
5SimilartrendscanbeobservedinotherpartsofEurope.
InCentralandEasternEurope,revenuesfromfixedlineservicesaregenerallydecreasingandcontrastedbygrowthinthemobileandbroadbandmarket.
In2004CeskyTelecom,theCzechincumbent,posteda12percentincreaseinrevenuesfromdata,internetandvalue-addedserviceswhilefixedlinevoicerevenuesdroppedby25percent6.
InSlovakia,theincumbentregisteredanoveralldecreaseofrevenuesof5.
2percentinthefirstninemonthsof2004duetodecliningfixedlinerevenues.
7Operatorsarenotonlyfacingcompetitionfromthemobilesector,alone.
Forthefirsttimeinseveralyears,theEUin2004recordedanincreasingnumberofnewmarketentrants.
Competitionincreasedparticularlyinthenewmemberstates,wherefixedlinepenetrationliesbelowtheEU15average,suggestingthatoperatorsseeabusinesscaseandmarginsforlowerprices.
(Figure3,left).
Overallthesedevelopmentshaveledtoadeclineinincumbents'marketshare(Figure3,right),ahigherdegreeofcompetition,andlowerprices.
InPoland,forexample,incumbentTelekomunikacjaPolska(TPSA)haslostone-fifthofitslocalandinternationallong-distancefixedlinemarketsincetheintroductionofcompetitionandlowerpricesofferedbynewoperators.
TPSAhasreactedbycuttingitsownprices.
8Thesedevelopmentshavegenerallytakenplacetothebenefitofconsumerswhohaveseenfixedlinepricesdropandcustomerchoiceandservicesincrease.
Theseincludetailoredpricingpackagesandagrowingnumberofcountriesthatofferfixedlineportability.
3Northstream.
Growingthemobilevoicemarket.
November2004.
4DeutscheTelekom.
http://www.
telecomdirectnews.
com/do.
php/120/120935AutoritédeRégulationdesTélécommunications(ART).
AnnualReport2003.
Availableatwww.
art-telecom.
fr6CeskyTelecom.
2004AuditedFinancialResults.
21.
03.
2005.
See:http://www.
telecom.
cz/infocentrum_e/tiskove_centrum/tiskove_zpravy/clanek.
phptz=21032005_17Wood.
MonthlyEconomicReview.
Slovakia.
November2004.
See:http://www.
wood.
cz/report_files/Monthly%20Political%20and%20Economic%20Review%20-Oct04.
pdf8GlobalNewsAnalysis.
Poland:Competitioncutscallcosts.
08July2004.
See:http://www.
ebusinessforum.
com/index.
aspdoc_id=7074&layout=rich_storyEurope'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/20044Figure3:CompetitionfromwithinEstimatednumberoffixedoperatorsinEU25&EU15,1998-2004(left)andEU15incumbents'averagemarketshareonthevoicetelephonymarket,basedonrevenues,2000-2003(right)EstimatednumberoffixedoperatorsinEU25&EU150500100015001998200020022004EU15PublicvoicetelephonyEU25PublicvoicetelephonyEU15incumbents'averagemarketshareonthevoicetelephonymarket(basedonrevenue)74.
6%86.
9%80.
9%76.
8%71.
3%67.
4%79.
4%72.
8%70.
0%66.
5%59.
9%62.
2%64.
9%67.
2%0.
60.
70.
80.
91.
0Dec.
00Dec.
01Dec.
02Dec.
03LocalcallsLong-distancecallsCallstomobileInternationalcallsSource:EuropeanCommission.
Withfixedlineoperatorscurrentlystrugglingformarketsharesandrevenues,futuredevelopmentsinthesectorwilldependonanumberoffactors,includingthedevelopmentofnewtechnologies,suchasconvergedfixed-mobileproducts9orotherbundledservices,suchasTVoverADSL10.
Particularlyinthenearfuture,itwillalsodependontheabilityofmobilenetworkstoprovidehigh-speedInternetaccess.
Untiluserscaneasily,andatcomparablepriceandquality,accesstheInternetovertheirmobilephone,userswillnotrelinquishtheirfixedline.
Thisisparticularlytrueinaregionwherearound90percentofbroadbandisdeliveredoverxDSLtechnology.
However,evenwheretheneedforfixedlinestosupportInternetaccesswilllimitthedeclineinfixedlinesintheshortterm,thiswillnotpreventanaggressivebattleforvoiceminutesbetweenfixedandmobileoperators.
9Anexampleforaconvergedfixed-mobileproductisBT'sBluephone,asinglephonethatwillcombinefixedandmobilenetworks.
Formoreinformation,see:http://www.
btplc.
com/Innovation/Mobility/everywhere/10TVoverADSLrepresentsanotherincentiveforcustomerstokeep(orinstall)afixedtelephoneline.
Thisservice,provided,forexample,inFrance,bundlesvideo,broadbandInternet,andvoiceservices.
SeeWorldMarketResearchCentre.
March30,2005.
France:OperatorsLineUpforTVoverADSLinFranceEurope'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200453.
…versuscontinuedmobilegrowthEurope&CISleadstheworldintermsofmobilepenetrationrates.
Attheendof2003themostliberalizedmobilemarkethadjustover475millionmobilesubscribersandapenetrationrateof54.
6percent.
Thiscomparesto6.
2percentinAfrica,34.
8percentinAmericas,and16percentinAsia-Pacific(Figure4,topleft).
Bytheendof2003morethanthreequartersofthecountriesintheregionhadmoremobilesthanfixedlinesandItalyandLuxembourgwerethefirsttosurpassthetheoreticalsaturationpointof100percent(Table3).
Sincethenothercountries,includingFinlandandtheCzechRepublic,havefollowed.
Evencountrieswithmaturepenetrationlevelscontinuetoshowgrowth,indicatingthatsaturationlevelsinthemobilemarketmightbedifficulttoestimateforanumberofreasons(Box1).
Themaindigital(aswellaseconomic)divideinEurope&CISisbetweenEurope'sBalticStates,CEE,andWesternEuropeontheonehandandCISontheotherhand.
In2003almosthalfoftheCIScountries-Armenia,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,TurkmenistanandUzbekistan-hadpenetrationlevelsunderfivepercent.
TheCISaverageremainsataverylow17.
1percent(Figure4,topright)andinonlytwoCIScountries–AzerbaijanandGeorgia-mobilehadslightlyovertakenfixedlinepenetration.
Atthesametimetheregionwiththelowestmobilesubscribersper100populationhasbyfarthehighestgrowthrates,anaverageof99.
4percent.
Tajikistanleadsat441percentgrowthratebetween2001and2003.
ItisalsonoteworthythatanumberofCEEcountrieshavemobilepenetrationlevelsclosetoorevenhigherthanthoseofWesternEurope.
In2003theCzechRepublicstoodoutwith96.
5percent,followedbySlovenia(87.
1percent)andHungary(76.
9percent).
PolandandTurkey(thetwolargestCEEcountriesintermsofpopulations)arestilllaggingbehind,withmobilepenetrationratesof45.
1and39.
4percent,respectively.
Togetherthetwocountriesrepresentanuntappedmarketofaround60millionpotentialusers.
Figure4:EuropeleadsinmobilepenetrationMobilepenetrationrates,byregions,2003(left)andmobilepenetrationrateswithinEurope&CIS,2003(right)Mobilepenetrationbyregion,200334.
822.
716.
06.
254.
60102030405060Europe&CISAmericasWorldAsia-PacificAfricaMobilepenetration,Europe&CIS,200317.
946.
462.
485.
6CISCEEBalticW.
EuropeSource:ITUWorldTelecommunicationIndicatorsDatabase.
AnotherexampleforcontinuedmarketopportunitiesisRussia.
Europe'smarketwiththemostpotentialintermsofpopulationmorethandoubledthenumberofmobilesubscribersin2004,from36.
5millionto74.
4million.
11Thecountry'spoorfixedlinenetworkandlackofinfrastructureinvestmenthasopenedupopportunitiesforthreelargeoperators(representingcloseto90percentofthemarket)and60smalloperators(Figure5).
Highgrowthin2004hasallowedRussiatoovertakeGermany,France,SpainandtheUKandtobecomethelargestmobilemarketinEurope11Jason&PartnersManagementConsultancy.
RussianCellularMarketWatch.
December2004.
Europe'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/20046&CIS.
However,thecountry'soverallmobilepenetrationrateofcloseto52percentconcealsamajornationaldigitaldivide,withthemajorityofsubscribersconcentratedinurbancenters.
Increasedcompetitioninthemobilemarkethasdrasticallydecreasedthepriceformobileservicesandthedifferencebetweenfixedandmobilepriceshasnarroweddramaticallyoverthelastdecade.
InGermanyapriceindexcomparisonforfixedandmobiletelecommunicationservicesshowsthatoverthelastdecadethecountry'sfixedlinepriceshavedecreasedby23percentagepoints,comparedto57percentformobileservices.
12Whilethecostformobilecallsremainshigherthanthosemadeonthefixedlinenetwork13alongerandoftenmoreintensepricewarinthemobilesectorsacrossEurope&CISmarketshasnarrowedthepricegap.
Despitealreadyhighpenetrationlevelsandlowerprices,mobileoperatorsacrossEurope&CIScontinuetobenefitfrommajorprofitsandtogetherwiththebroadbandsector,themobilemarketwas2003/04'sbiggestsubscribergrowthandrevenueengine.
In2004theEuropeanUnionreportedanaverageofsevenpercentgrowthforitsmemberstatesandrevenuesfrommobileservicesexceedingthoseoffixedvoiceservices14.
Mostoperatorshighlightthatincreasingsubscribernumbersandgrowingaveragevolumesperuserhavehelpedtosustaingrowthrates.
In2003theFrenchmobilesectorgrewbynolessthan12.
6percentinvalue,triggeredlargelybyagrowingcallvolume(up21.
2percentin2003)15.
IntheUK,householdsincreasedtheiraveragemobilecallsfrom10minutesinperhouseholdin1999to27minutesin2003.
AndforthefirsttimetheaveragehouseholdexpenditureonmobileservicesintheUKexceededthoseonfixedvoiceservices.
16InRussiaMTS,thecountry'slargestmobileoperator,addedanother7.
4millioncustomerstoitssubscribersbaseduringthefirstninemonthsof2004.
.
17Whilemanymobileoperatorshavefocusedincreasinglyonnon-voiceservicestoenhancetheirrevenue,voiceservicesstillaccountforthelion'spartofrevenuesinmostEuropean&CISmarkets.
IntheDutchmarket,datarevenuesrepresentedbetween12and16percentofoperators'totalmobileservicerevenues.
18InPoland,TPGroup,Poland'sleadingtelecomsprovider,reportedSMSrevenuesincreaseby32percentovertheyearbutstillonlyamountedto14.
5percentofblendedARPUinthefourthquarterof2004.
1912StatistischesBundesamtDeutschland.
Seehttp://www.
destatis.
de/indicators/d/tpi001jd.
htm.
13Itshouldbenotedthatitisdifficulttodirectlycomparefixedandmobileprices,givenvaryingpricingpackages,thebundlingofservices,andtheprovisionofdifferentservices,suchasSMS.
14CommissionoftheEuropeanCommunities.
CommunicationfromtheCommissiontotheCouncil,theEuropeanParliament,theEuropeanEconomicandSocialCommitteeandtheCommitteeoftheRegions.
EuropeanElectronicCommunicationsRegulationandMarkets2004.
15AutoritédeRégulationdesTélécommunications(ART).
AnnualReport2003.
Availableatwww.
art-telecom.
fr16OFCOM.
TheCommunicationsMarket2004–Telecommunications.
Availableat:http://www.
ofcom.
org.
uk/research/cm/cmpdf/telecoms.
pdf17MobileTeleSystems(MTS).
Q32004.
FinancialandOperatingResults.
ManagementPresentation.
November2004.
Availableat:http://www.
company.
mtsgsm.
com/18WorldMarketResearchCentre.
March24,2005.
EuropeRegional:DayofReckoningforMobileData19TPGroup.
FullYearResults2004.
Availableat:http://www.
tp-ir.
pl/files/en/TPGroup_FY04results_20050210_ver2.
pdfFigure5:NewmarketsinRussia:8.
3millionnewmobilesubscribersinonemonthOperators'marketshareof8.
3millionnewmobilesubscribersduringDecember2004RegionalTop-77%MTS45%MegaFon12%VimpelCom36%Source:Jason&PartnersConsultancy.
Europe'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/20047Withinthedatamarket,SMScontinuestodominate,despitehighexpectationsforMMSuptake,which,sofar,havenotmaterialized.
Whilein2004theFrenchSFRsubscriberssentsixtimesmoreMMSthanin2003–35millionintotal–thisstillonlyamountedtolessthantenpercentofthenumberofSMSsentbytheFrenchoperator'scustomers.
20TheoveralllevelofMMSuseandrelatedrevenuesinEuroperemainsmallandwhilethenumberofSMShasincreaseddramaticallyofthelastfewyears,MMSisstillinitsinfancy.
Box1:Mobilepenetrationbeyond100%Bytheendof2003mobilepenetrationinItalyandLuxembourghadpassed100percent,meaningthatthereweremoremobilephonesthanpeople.
SincethenothercountriesinEuropehavefollowed,includingFinland,SwedenandtheCzechRepublic.
Thetheoreticalsaturationpointoughttobearound85–90percent,assumingthatsomechildrenaretooyoungtohaveamobilephone,andsomepeoplewouldnotchoosetoownone.
Evenallowingforextraneousfactors,liketourismormigrantworkers,thereshouldbesomesortoflimit.
Nevertheless,mobilephoneownership,eveninthemostadvancedeconomies,continuestogrow.
Despitealreadyhighpenetrationlevelsofabove90percentin2003,SwedenandSpaincontinuedtohavetwodigitgrowthrates(10.
percentand11.
2percent,respectively)in2003.
Thereareseveralfactorsatplayincountrieswith100plusmobilepenetrationrates,causingmobilestosurpassthesupposedsaturationpoint:--Anindividualusermayownmorethanonemobilephone(e.
g.
,oneforhomeuseandanotherforbusiness);--Anindividualusermayhavemorethanonemobileserviceaccount,especiallywhereprepaidispopular.
--Mobilephoneserviceprovidersmayhavedifferentpoliciesonwhenaprepaidaccountisnolongerconsideredactive.
Thus,theremaybesomedoublecountingofsubscribers.
Czechmobileoperators,forexample,includethoseSIMcardsfromwhichnocallshavebeenmadeforuptooneyear.
Inthelongerterm,though,thesaturationratemayprovetobeillusory.
Familiesinthefuturemayownseveraldeviceswithmobilecommunicatingabilitybuiltin.
Weareenteringaneraofpervasivecomputingandcommunicationsinwhichthemajorityofcallswillbemadefromonemachinetoanother.
Mobilecommunicatingdeviceswillbeusedinawidevarietyoffields,fromhealthcare,topersonalsecurity,tolifestyleconvenience.
BoxFigure1:MoremobilesthanpeopleTop10economiesrankedbymobilesubscribersper100inhabitants,end2003,world90.
490.
991.
695.
595.
696.
5101.
8105.
8106.
1110.
8PortugalNorwaySpainIsraelIcelandCzechRep.
ItalyHongKong,ChinaLuxembourgTaiwan,ChinaTop10economiesrankedbymobilepenetration,2003Source:ITUWorldTelecommunicationIndicatorDatabaseBy2005third-generation(3G)high-speednetworksandserviceshavebeenlaunchedinthelargemajorityofEurope&CIScountries.
AccordingtoareportbytheEuropeanCommission,the25EUcountrieswerehometo2.
6million3Gsubscribersbytheendof2004,withatleast43percent3Gpopulationcoverage.
ThisrepresentsonlyafractionandlessthanonepercentoftheEU'stotalmobilesubscribers.
Ontheuserside,fewhaveyetturnedtheirthirdgenerationcellularphonesintominicomputers.
Whilethetechnologicaldevelopmentsallowforhighlysophisticatedapplications,usershaveencounteredanumberofbarriers.
Devicesarestillnotuser-friendly20WorldMarketResearchCentre.
March24,2005.
EuropeRegional:DayofReckoningforMobileDataEurope'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/20048enoughandremainunreliableforcustomers.
Othercitedproblemsincludecomplicatedbillingsystemsandlimitednetworkcoverage.
ResearchundertakenbytheUK'sregulator,Ofcom,recentlyrevealedthatonlytwelvepercentofexistingmobilephonesubscriberswereconsideringa3Gphoneoverthenext12months(Figure6).
Whilecurrentstatisticsputthemediahypesurrounding3Gsomewhatintoperspective,developmentsmayevolverapidly,particularlygivenmoreandmoreoperators'effortstoincreasethenumberof3Gsubscribers.
InSwedenoperatorsofferedavarietyofincentivestoincreasethenumberof3GsubscribersandbyNovember2004,somesixpercentofthecountry'smobilesubscriberswereusing3Gservices.
21ArecentreportbyTelecommunicationsManagementGroup(TMG),analyzingcountries'uptakeinusingmobilehandsetstodownloadentertainment,exchangepicturemessagesandaccesstheInternetshowsEurope'sstrongposition.
WhileAsia'sJapanandtheRepublicofKoreatakethelead,sevenoutofthetoptennationsintermsofmobileInternetaccessareEuropean.
WithinEurope,FrancehasthehighestpercentageofthepopulationthatusesamobilephonetoaccesstheInternet.
TheNordiccountriesarehighlyrepresented,withSweden,Finland,andNorwayinthetopten(Figure7,left).
Europe'sstrongpositioninthemobileworldisfurtherexemplifiedbythenumberoflargeoperatorsthatithasproduced.
Measuredbysubscribers,fiveoutofthetoptenoperatorsworldwidearefromEurope.
WhileChinaMobileistheoperatorwiththelargestnumberofproportionatesubscribers,thefiveEuropeanoperators–fromtheUK,Germany,France,SpainandSweden,have,particularlythroughtheirinternationaloperationswithinandoutsideofEurope,managedtorankamongstthetopten(seeFigure7,right).
21Vodafone,forexample,offeredcustomerswhoboughta3GhandsetandsubscriptionbeforeFebruary2005,oneyearoffreevideocalls.
SeeWorldMarketResearchCentre.
January20,2005.
EuropeRegional:DayofReckoningforMobileData.
Figure6:HowlikelyareUKmobilephoneuserstogeta3GphoneProportionofrepliesbyUKadultmobilephoneowners,2004Notverylikely25%Fairlylikely8%Notatalllikely59%Verylikely4%N/A4%Source:Ofcom.
Figure7:EuropeanmobileInternetandmobileoperatorsToptennationsbypercentageofpopulationusingmobilephonestoaccesstheInternet,2003(left)andtoptenmobileoperatorsbyproportionatesubscribers,December2004(right)Toptennationsby%ofpopulationusingmobilephonestoaccesstheInternet,200324.
810.
57.
17.
16.
154.
13.
93.
429.
50102030Top10mobileoperatorsbyproportionatesubscribers,Dec.
2004020406080100120140160180200TeliaSoneraVerizonNTTDoCoMoTelefonicaFranceTelecomAmericaMovilDeutscheTelecomChinaUnicomVodafoneChinaMobilesubscribers(millions)Source:TMG(leftchart).
ITU(rightchart).
Europe'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200494.
InternetandBroadband–lowerprice,higherspeedWhileEuropeleadsintermsofworldwidemobilepenetration,its2003Internetpenetrationlevelof24.
7percentpositionsitjustbehindtheAmericas,whichleadswith27percent.
Thatyear,bothregionswerefaraheadoftheworldaverageof11.
6percentandtheaveragepenetrationrateinEurope&CISwasmorethanthreetimesashighasthatinAsia-Pacific(7percent)andfifteentimeashighasAfrica's(1.
6percent)(Figure8,left).
ThereisamajorgapbetweenInternetpenetrationrateswithinEurope&CIS,aswell.
In2003WesternEuropeleadatahigh42.
9percent,followedbytheBalticStates(31.
4percent),CEE(16.
1percent)andtrailedbyCIS(5.
6percent)(Figure8,right).
Figure8:InternetuseinEuropeInternetpenetrationrates,byglobalregions,2003(left)andInternetpenetrationrateswithinEurope&CIS,byregion,2003(right)Internetpenetration,20031.
6%7.
0%11.
6%24.
7%27.
0%0.
0%5.
0%10.
0%15.
0%20.
0%25.
0%30.
0%AfricaAsia-PacificWorldEurope&CISAmericasInternetpenetration,Europe&CIS,20035.
6%16.
1%31.
4%41.
5%0%25%50%CISCEEBalticW.
EuropeSource:ITUWorldTelecommunicationIndicatorsDatabase.
Afewcountriesstandout.
Estonia,andLatvia,forexample,had2003penetrationratesof44and40percent,respectively,higherthanmanyWesternEuropeancountries,includingSpain(24percent),Italy(34percent),andGreece(15percent).
InCentral&EasternEurope,Slovenia,with40percentofitspopulationonlinein2003,beatsmanyofitsneighbours(Table4).
Internetpenetrationgrowthratesintheregionasawholehavebeenfalling,fromahigh70.
6percentin1998/1999butcontinuetostandatover20percentforthelasttwoyears.
In2003,CIS,theregionwiththelowestpenetration,hasthesecondhighestgrowthrateofcloseto80percent,adevelopmentthatsuggeststhatthedigitaldivideisnarrowingtosomeextend.
ThatyeargrowthwasstrongestinthethreeBalticStates,withanincreaseofalmost79percent,allowingthemtocatchupwithWesternEuropeanlevels.
InternetpenetrationlevelsshowthatthedigitaldividethatseparatedCISfromtherestofEuropeisgreaterinnewerICTs(mobileandInternet)thaninfixedlines.
Indeed,penetrationlevelsforInternetuseinCISareonly13percentofthoseinWesternEurope.
Thegapisslightlysmallerinthemobilesector,whereCISpenetrationratesstandatonefifth(20%)ofthoseinWesternEurope.
Thegapissmallestinthe"traditional"ICTsoffixedlineswhereCIS'penetrationlevelrepresents37percentofthatofWesternEurope.
TheBalticStates,onthecontrary,havemanagedtoleapfroginnewerICTs.
TheirInternetandmobilepenetrationratesFigure9:HowbigisEurope&CIS'digitaldivideICTpenetrationratesasapercentageofpenetrationratesinWesternEurope7349385020377354130.
010.
020.
030.
040.
050.
060.
070.
080.
090.
0100.
0Internetusers(%)Mobilesubscribers(%)Fixed-lines(%)BalticStatesCEECISSource:ITU.
WhilefixedlinepenetrationinCISis37%ofthatinWesternEurope….
…theCISInternetpenetrationrateisonly13percentthatofWesternEuropeEurope'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200410represent73percentofthoseinWesternEurope,whiletheirfixedlinepenetrationisonlyabouthalfofthatinWesternEurope.
CEEhasabouthalfthemobileandfixedlinepenetrationlevelsofWesternEuropebutlagsfurtherbehindinInternetuse(Figure9).
By2003twenty-onepercentofallInternetsubscribersinEurope&CIShadabroadbandconnection,comparedto15.
3percentglobally(Figure11,right).
Withintheregion,theBalticStates,where48percentofallInternetsubscribershadahigh-speedconnection,clearlystandout.
Thiscomparesto'only'22percentofhigh-speedInternetsubscribersinWesternEurope.
Estonia'sbroadbandpenetrationrateof58percentofsubscribersplacesitsecondwithintheregion,justbehindBelgium,where59.
5percentofInternetsubscribershavehigh-speedaccess.
TwelveEuropeaneconomies,theNetherlandsaheadofitsneighbours,rankamongthetop20economiesworldwideintermsofbroadbandpenetration(Figure10).
OtherbroadbandchampionsincludeDenmark,Switzerland,BelgiumandIceland(Figure11,left).
Todaysome90percentofbroadbandInternetconnectionsinEuroperelyonADSL,whichusesexisting(fixedline)copperwires.
Tooffsetincreasedcompetitionandlowerprices,combinedwithconstantfixedlinephonecalls,phonecompanieshavetakenadvantageofbroadbandtoincreasetheirrevenueand(togetherwiththeboomingmobilesector)oftenbalancetheoverallfinancialsituation.
CrossbordercompetitionhasalsolargelyincreasedwithmanyEuropeantelecommunicationoperatorsofferingtheirservicesacrossEurope.
TelecomItaliaoperatesinFrance,NetherlandsandGermany,andBTGrouphasexpandedtoItaly,Spain,Germanyandothercountries.
DeutscheTelekomhashigh-speedInternetoperationsinFrance,Spain,Austria,andSwitzerland.
Figure10:Whoarethefastest-51015202530PortugalAustriaUKFranceUSASingaporeFinlandJapanIsraelNorwaySwedenIcelandBelgiumTaiwan,ChinaSwitzerlandCanadaDenmarkNetherlandsHK,ChinaKorea(Rep.
)DSLCablemodems&OtherBroadbandpenetrationbytechnology,top20economiesworldwide,200424.
9Totalbroadbandpenetrationrate20.
919.
419.
317.
617.
016.
316.
015.
515.
115.
014.
314.
112.
811.
611.
411.
210.
310.
18.
5Source:ITU,OECD.
Figure11:Top15economiesTop10countriesinEuropebybroadbandpenetration,2004(left)andbroadbandsubscribersworldwide1998-2004(right)10.
311.
212.
815.
015.
115.
516.
117.
019.
319.
4UKFranceFinlandNorwaySwedenIcelandBelgiumSwitzerlandDenmarkNetherlandsEurope:Broadbandsubs/100inhab,top10,2004Broadbandsubscribersworldwide,inmillions,200402040608010012014016019981999200020012002200320040.
56%1.
25%3.
96%7.
33%11.
20%15.
3%16.
06%Source:ITUWorldTelecommunicationIndicatorsDatabase.
Broadbandsubscribersasa%ofInternetusersEurope'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200411Themainbeneficiariesofincreasedcompetitionareconsumerswhohavebenefitedfromlowerpricesandhigheraccessspeeds.
Apartfromcompetitionamongstfixedlineincumbents,ISPsandcableoperators,regulatoryinterventioninincumbentwholesalexDSLpriceshavehelpedtoreducecostandincreasespeeds.
Whilethepriceforabasicbroadbandresidentialconnectionhasdeclinedbyasmuchas30percentinanumberofcountriesin2004,thebasicspeedofbroadbandhasconstantlybeenincreasedsince2002.
InSpain,TelefonicatodayoffersADSLat512Kbpsfor29Euros,downfromitsprevious39euros.
InMarch2005,andfollowingthecountry'sleadingbroadbandcableoperator'sminimumspeedincreaseto3Mbps,Telefonicaannouncedplanstodoublethespeedto1Mbpsforthesameprice,whichwouldbeitssecondmovetodoubleADSLspeedsinsixmonths.
FacingincreasingcompetitionthedominantCzechtelecommunicationoperatorCeskyTelecomcutitsmonthlybroadbandInternetaccessfeesby44percenttoUS$40.
86.
22SimilardevelopmentsaretakingplaceinotherEuropeanmarkets.
AJuly2004internationalcomparisonforbroadbandpricesshowedthatAsia,notEurope,wasleadingintermsofprice/speed.
FouroutofthetopfiverankedeconomieswerefromAsia,andonlyoneEuropeancountry(Sweden)madeittothetopfive.
Intheexpandedtop15list,however,Europefaresbetter,witheightcountriesranked(Table1).
ThecomparisonalsoshowsthatbroadbandpriceshavecomedownalotacrossalmostallcountriesandSweden'spricefellbyalmost100percentinjustoneyear.
Thebroadbandsectorislikelytogothroughanumberofimportantchanges,particularlywiththeappearanceofconvergentanddisruptivetechnologiesandthetrendtowardsbundledofferings.
Pricesareequallyexpectedtofallevenmore.
Table1:Mirror,mirroronthewall,whoisthecheapestofthemallComparativepricesforbroadband,top15broadbandeconomies,July2004,rankedbyUSDper100kbit/sEconomyCompanyTechnologySpeed(kbit/s)Pricepermonth(USD)Priceper100kbit/sChange,2003-04JapanKDDIDSL47'00025.
850.
06-44.
1%Korea(Rep.
)HanaroDSL20'00047.
860.
24-4.
0%SwedenBredbandsbolagetFTTH/DSL24'00058.
630.
24-97.
4%Taiwan,ChinaChunghwaDSL8'00035.
300.
44n.
a.
HongKong,ChinaNetvigatorDSL6'00051.
030.
85-33.
2%CanadaBellDSL3'00034.
051.
13-66.
6%BelgiumBelgacomDSL3'30048.
401.
4719.
6%SingaporeStarHubCable3'00046.
501.
55-31.
3%SwitzerlandSwissComDSL2'40077.
883.
24-73.
3%USAComcastCable3'00052.
991.
77-50.
0%NetherlandsWanadooDSL1'12042.
353.
785.
5%FinlandSoneraDSL2'04882.
284.
02-53.
6%IcelandVodafoneDSL50021.
004.
20-37.
1%DenmarkTele2DSL2'04886.
324.
21-32.
1%NorwayTele2DSL1'02462.
956.
15-11.
0%Average8'42951.
562.
22-36.
3%Bestpractice(top20%)30'33344.
120.
18-48.
5%Source:ITUInternetReports.
ThePortableInternet.
ITU.
September2004.
22WorldMarketResearchCentre.
January18,2005.
CzechRepublic:CeskyTelecomCutsBroadbandInternetPricesEurope'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200412Box2:FromEU15toEU25…thedynamicsandstrengthsofaUnionAcommonregulatoryframework,openmarkets,andtechnicalcooperationaresomeofthestrengthsandadvantagesthatcomewithEurope'smarriage.
Effortstoharmonize,liberalizeandregulatetheEuropeantelecommunicationsectorgobacktotheendofthe1980s,withtheoverallobjectivetopromotethecompetitivenessofthe(then)singleEuropeanCommunitymarketandtostimulateinvestmentsinanenvironmentofrapidlydevelopingtechnologies.
TodaythetelecommunicationssectorisahighgrowthareaintheEuropeaneconomyinitsownrightaswellasanimportantstimulantfortheeconomyasawhole.
WiththeenlargementoftheEuropeanUnionfromthepreviously15memberstatesto25(on1May2004)thenewcentralandeasternEuropeancountriesadoptedtheEUcommunicationspolicylegislation,includingacompetitivemarketapproachandafullyindependentregulatoryauthority.
ThisincludestheNewRegulatoryFramework(NRF)fortelecommunication,which,enactedin2003,isaimedatregulatoryharmonizationandthepromotionofcompetition.
Itappliestoall25memberstatesandisexpectedtobefullyimplementedinthenearfuture.
AnotherEuropeanframworkistheeEurope(andeEurope+)initiative,whichisaimedathelpingEurope–includingitsnewmembers-tobecomeaninclusiveinformationsociety.
ThishasincludedtheexpansionofinfrastructureandInternetconnectivityandtheadoptionofalegale-commerceframework.
ExpandedtotheeEurope2005ActionPlan,itnowgoesbeyondinfrastructure-basedcriteriaandfocusesonthedeliveryofbroadbandinfrastructureandservices,includinge-governmentande-health.
LinkedtotheEuropeUnion'scommonstrategyisthedevelopmentandavailabilityofcomparablestatisticstomeasureprogressandidentifyweaknessesintheadoptionofInformationandCommunicationTechnologies.
TheEUhasidentifiedalistofe-benchmarks–usuallycollectedbyNationalStatisticalOffices-thatcoversuchareasasICTinfrastructure,skills,tariffs,uptake&use,R&D,networksecurity,PublicInternetAccessPoints,e-commerce,etc.
Tomeasureprogressmade,theEUfurthercarriesoutspecificstudiestocomparecountriesovertime,andagainsteachother,onspecificissues.
Anexampleisarecentlypublishedsurveyonthesophisticationofonlinegovernmentservices.
ThestudyhighlightstheprogressmadeintheEU,wheretodayover90percentofpublicserviceprovidershaveanon-linepresence,and40percentofbasicpublicservicesarefullyinteractive.
Thestudyfurtherhighlightstheshrinkinggapbetweenthe10newMemberStatesandthepre-enlargementEU15,withthenewMemberStatestodaystandingwheretheEU15onesstoodjusttwoyearsago.
Besidesasharedlegalframeworkandcommonstatistics,theEUisunitingitsforcesintheareaofmobiletechnologytokeepontopofdevelopments.
Europeiseagertomaintainitstraditionalheadstartanddominanceinthemobilesector,whichismainlytheresultoftheregion'shomogeneousimplementationofGSMtechnologyintheearly1990s.
Recenttechnologicaldevelopmentstowardsthemigrationto3GhavemadeEurope'stechnologicalstatusunclearandparticularlyAsiahasbeenabletocatchup.
Arecentannouncementbysome15telecommunicationplayers(equipmentvendors,componentmakersandoperators)tolaunchtheeMobilityPlatform,aprojecttodevelopacomprehensiveresearchagendaformobiletechnologyevolution,highlightstheregion'sprivatesectoreffortstouniteitsforces.
Source:EU&eMobilityPlatform.
Europe'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200413Table2:Europe&CIS,Telecomprojections,1995-2005ActualEstimateForecast19951996199719981999200020012002200320042005Maintelephonelines(000s)269'373280'835293'423304'059314'398324'333330'823332'702334'679336'774338'990BalticStates2'0572'1712'2632'3542'4002'4452'3802'1121'9471'7951'655CEE35'26338'74142'85146'91750'26352'48753'74653'02553'96754'92655'901CIS42'08944'04446'72048'21350'46452'11454'02056'90459'09061'36063'717Western189'964195'879201'589206'575211'272217'287220'678220'661219'675218'694217'717Per100inhabitants31.
332.
634.
035.
236.
337.
437.
938.
238.
438.
739.
0BalticStates26.
628.
329.
630.
931.
732.
431.
929.
627.
425.
323.
5CEE19.
120.
923.
225.
326.
928.
028.
227.
828.
228.
528.
9CIS14.
815.
516.
417.
017.
818.
319.
120.
120.
921.
722.
6Western49.
550.
952.
353.
554.
455.
956.
356.
556.
456.
356.
2Mobilecellularsubscribers(000s)24'09537'99161'112104'626182'202292'276361'257410'141475'106554'969616'522BalticStates601493876829931'4822'3263'4444'4405'0825'449CEE9851'9784'5619'49719'85438'77355'87272'79588'863104'641113'930CIS1232996591'0762'2375'17112'14224'83648'28891'770133'088Western22'92735'56455'50693'371159'118246'850290'917309'066333'516353'477364'054Per100inhabitants2.
84.
47.
112.
121.
033.
741.
447.
154.
663.
870.
9BalticStates0.
81.
95.
19.
013.
119.
631.
248.
262.
471.
777.
2CEE0.
51.
12.
55.
110.
620.
729.
438.
246.
454.
458.
9CIS0.
00.
10.
20.
40.
81.
84.
38.
817.
132.
547.
1Western6.
09.
2414.
424.
241.
063.
574.
379.
185.
691.
094.
0Totaltelephonesubscribers(000s)293'468318'825354'535408'685496'601616'609692'080742'842809'785891'743955'512BalticStates2'1172'3202'6503'0363'3933'9274'7065'5566'3876'8777'104CEE36'24840'71947'41156'41470'11791'260109'618125'820142'829159'566169'832CIS42'21244'34347'37849'28952'70157'28566'16281'740107'378153'130196'805Western212'891231'443257'095299'946370'390464'137511'595529'726553'191572'171581'771Per100inhabitants34.
137.
041.
147.
357.
371.
079.
485.
393.
0102.
5109.
8BalticStates27.
430.
234.
739.
944.
852.
063.
177.
789.
897.
1100.
7CEE19.
722.
025.
630.
437.
648.
757.
666.
074.
682.
987.
8CIS14.
815.
616.
717.
418.
520.
223.
428.
938.
054.
269.
7Western55.
560.
166.
777.
695.
4119.
3130.
6135.
6142.
0147.
3150.
2Internetusers(000s)8'39515'33927'90645'35777'630110'378141'916176'208210'623249'049273'218BalticStates40801653004087678501'2542'2323'1023'706CEE6611'2522'2424'1616'7149'51614'65123'79430'79835'33137'931CIS2474658271'4091'9253'8455'9748'97215'80325'05332'385Western7'44713'54224'67239'48768'58396'250120'441142'188161'790185'563199'196Per100inhabitants1.
01.
83.
25.
39.
012.
716.
320.
224.
228.
631.
4BalticStates0.
51.
02.
23.
95.
410.
111.
417.
531.
443.
852.
5CEE0.
40.
71.
22.
23.
65.
17.
712.
516.
118.
419.
6CIS0.
10.
20.
30.
50.
71.
42.
13.
25.
68.
911.
5Western1.
93.
56.
410.
217.
724.
730.
736.
441.
547.
851.
4Provisional.
Updated04.
04.
2005Source:TelecommunicationDevelopmentBureau(BDT),InternationalTelecommunicationUnion(ITU)Europe'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200414Table3:ICTIndicators,2003Europe&CISPopulation2003000sp.
100000sp.
100000sp.
1001Estonia1'351.
0461.
034.
121'050.
277.
74600.
044.
412Latvia2'319.
2661.
928.
541'219.
652.
58936.
040.
363Lithuania3'445.
7824.
223.
922'169.
962.
97695.
720.
19BalticStates7'115.
91'947.
127.
364'439.
762.
392'231.
731.
364Albania3'072.
8255.
08.
301'100.
035.
8030.
00.
985Bosnia3'832.
1938.
024.
481'050.
027.
40150.
03.
916Bulgaria7'506.
62'856.
138.
053'500.
946.
641'545.
120.
587Croatia4'374.
01'700.
038.
872'553.
058.
371'014.
023.
188Cyprus741.
6424.
157.
19551.
874.
40250.
033.
719CzechRepublic10'064.
63'626.
336.
039'708.
796.
463'100.
030.
8010Hungary10'334.
23'602.
934.
867'944.
676.
882'400.
023.
2211Malta400.
0208.
352.
07290.
072.
50190.
047.
5012Poland38'589.
011'862.
230.
7417'401.
245.
098'970.
023.
2413Romania21'733.
64'333.
419.
947'046.
432.
424'000.
018.
4014SerbiaandMontenegro10'760.
12'611.
724.
273'634.
633.
78847.
07.
8715SlovakRepublic5'377.
01'294.
724.
083'678.
868.
421'375.
825.
5916Slovenia1'997.
0812.
340.
681'739.
187.
09800.
040.
0617TFYRMacedonia2'084.
2525.
025.
19776.
037.
23126.
06.
0518Turkey70'712.
018'916.
726.
7527'887.
539.
446'000.
08.
49CEE191'578.
853'966.
828.
1788'862.
646.
3830'798.
016.
0819Armenia3'801.
0563.
714.
83114.
43.
01140.
003.
6820Azerbaijan8'234.
1941.
411.
431'055.
012.
81350.
04.
2521Belarus9'873.
23'071.
331.
111'118.
011.
321'391.
914.
1022Georgia4'892.
7657.
113.
43711.
214.
54117.
02.
3923Kazakhstan15'842.
02'228.
414.
071'330.
78.
40300.
01.
8924Kyrgyzstan5'206.
4396.
27.
61138.
32.
66200.
03.
8425Moldova3'606.
8791.
121.
93475.
913.
20288.
07.
9826Russia146'412.
236'993.
025.
2736'500.
024.
9310'000.
06.
8327Tajikistan6'542.
3245.
23.
7547.
60.
734.
120.
0628Turkmenistan4'867.
1376.
17.
739.
20.
1920.
00.
4129Ukraine47'600.
011'109.
523.
346'466.
513.
592'500.
05.
2530Uzbekistan25'614.
11'717.
16.
70320.
81.
25492.
01.
92CIS282'491.
959'090.
120.
9248'287.
717.
0915'803.
05.
5931Andorra84.
245.
153.
5251.
961.
6310.
011.
9332Austria8'073.
03'881.
048.
077'094.
587.
883'730.
046.
2033Belgium10'372.
55'074.
148.
928'222.
979.
284'000.
038.
5634Denmark5'397.
63'612.
866.
934'767.
388.
322'920.
054.
1035Finland5'219.
02'567.
649.
204'747.
190.
962'786.
053.
3836France59'900.
333'905.
456.
6041'683.
169.
5921'900.
036.
5637Germany82'531.
754'250.
065.
7364'800.
078.
5239'000.
047.
2538Greece11'456.
85'200.
245.
3910'337.
090.
231'718.
415.
0039Guernsey55.
857.
0102.
1541.
975.
0933.
059.
1440Iceland289.
0190.
765.
99279.
196.
56195.
067.
4741Ireland3'978.
91'955.
049.
133'500.
087.
961'260.
031.
6742Italy54'951.
626'596.
048.
4055'918.
0101.
7618'500.
033.
6743Liechtenstein34.
319.
958.
0325.
072.
9020.
058.
3244Luxembourg451.
5360.
179.
75539.
0119.
38170.
037.
6545Monaco32.
633.
5102.
7615.
146.
2616.
049.
0846Netherlands16'285.
210'004.
061.
4312'500.
076.
768'500.
052.
1947Norway4'580.
63'268.
171.
354'163.
490.
891'583.
334.
5748Portugal10'407.
04'278.
841.
119'350.
689.
852'674.
025.
6949SanMarino27.
020.
776.
6316.
962.
5914.
553.
6350Spain40'939.
617'567.
542.
9137'506.
791.
619'789.
023.
9151Sweden8'976.
16'873.
076.
578'801.
098.
055'655.
063.
0052Switzerland7'317.
75'323.
572.
756'172.
084.
342'916.
039.
8553UnitedKingdom58'117.
234'591.
059.
5252'984.
091.
1734'400.
059.
19Western389'479.
1219'675.
056.
40333'516.
485.
63161'790.
341.
54Europe&CIS870'665.
7334'679.
038.
44475'106.
354.
57210'623.
024.
19Note:Fordatacomparabilityandcoverage,seethetechnicalnotes.
Figuresinitalicsareestimatesorrefertoyearsotherthanthosespecified.
Source:ITU.
MaintelephonelinesMobilesubscribersInternetusersEurope'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200415Table4:Europe&CIS,InternetInternetsubscribersTotalAs%oftotalCAGRTotalBitsper(000s)(000s)subscribers(%)(Mbps)inhabitant2003200320032002-2003200320031Estonia137.
379.
658.
0174.
21'600.
01'184.
32Latvia47.
019.
541.
5195.
3510.
0219.
93Lithuania161.
366.
841.
4334.
0328.
094.
7BalticStates345.
7165.
948.
0219.
22'438.
0341.
84Albania20.
0---12.
03.
95Bosnia87.
00.
20.
2100.
0……6Bulgaria6.
2---189.
025.
27Croatia600.
0………180.
041.
28Cyprus57.
210.
017.
5170.
7245.
0330.
49CzechRepublic2'148.
634.
71.
6226.
722'206.
02'189.
110Hungary673.
7264.
339.
2237.
110'000.
0967.
711Malta76.
822.
729.
6128.
6310.
0775.
012Poland2'727.
3193.
87.
1159.
26'316.
0163.
613Romania906.
439.
34.
3248.
72'484.
0114.
314SerbiaandMontenegro335.
0………10.
00.
915SlovakRepublic182.
1………9'931.
01'846.
916Slovenia240.
558.
024.
1102.
22'510.
01'256.
917TFYRMacedonia…………50.
024.
218Turkey1'000.
0199.
319.
9940.
02'200.
031.
1CEE9'060.
9822.
410.
4217.
656'643.
0301.
719Armenia70.
00.
010.
01125.
028.
07.
420Azerbaijan50.
0………2.
10.
321Belarus22.
70.
10.
5615.
0200.
020.
322Georgia4.
11.
434.
4153.
3……23Kazakhstan…………48.
03.
024Kyrgyzstan6.
5---19.
33.
725Moldova16.
50.
63.
6142.
879.
222.
026Russia1'890.
511.
00.
6100.
08'967.
361.
227Tajikistan0.
50.
02.
2…2.
00.
328Turkmenistan2.
229Ukraine…………314.
16.
530Uzbekistan37.
42.
87.
4…32.
01.
2CIS2'100.
315.
90.
8106.
39'692.
035.
531Andorra6.
33.
657.
1313.
7188.
02'232.
832Austria1'300.
0619.
047.
6114.
736'076.
04'479.
833Belgium1'909.
11'135.
059.
5130.
684'024.
18'113.
734Denmark2'717.
8716.
926.
4162.
7109'204.
020'319.
835Finland1'319.
1491.
137.
2179.
616'587.
03'185.
536France10'524.
73'500.
033.
3208.
0200'000.
03'353.
637Germany23'000.
04'560.
019.
8142.
3260'667.
83'158.
238Greece560.
010.
51.
9…2'446.
2222.
039Guernsey40Iceland50.
010.
4…43.
068.
0236.
141Ireland1'200.
041.
83.
5394.
313'501.
03'434.
542Italy17'000.
02'200.
012.
9258.
8119'794.
02'180.
043Liechtenstein14.
01.
4…100.
0……44Luxembourg107.
615.
414.
3269.
51'469.
03'293.
745Monaco6.
84.
9……100.
03'067.
546Netherlands5'000.
01'628.
032.
6…50'000.
03'070.
347Norway1'278.
1385.
030.
1187.
522'696.
14'985.
748Portugal7'211.
2503.
17.
0193.
94'019.
0388.
949SanMarino3.
50.
617.
1…4.
0148.
150Spain5'217.
52'202.
042.
2176.
546'554.
01'144.
351Sweden3'211.
0967.
530.
1135.
194'896.
010'611.
252Switzerland2'713.
1703.
025.
9154.
465'827.
39'040.
653UnitedKingdom13'100.
01'821.
013.
9100.
0319'663.
35'410.
0Western97'449.
821'520.
122.
1150.
61'447'784.
819'223.
8Europe&CIS108'956.
622'524.
320.
9153.
21'516'557.
81'768.
9Note:Figuresinitalicsareestimatesorrefertoyearsotherthanthosespecified.
Source:ITU.
BroadbandInternationalbandwidth
Liberalized,private&competitiveEurope&CIShasdevelopedintotheregionwiththehighestdegreeofliberalization,privatizationandcompetitioninitstelecommunicationsector.
Whileby2004themajorityofcountries(54percentofcountriesworldwide)hadopeneduptheirbasictelecomservicemarketstocompetition,Europe&CIStookthelead.
CompetitiontotheEuropeanincumbentsisthenormandsome85percentoflocalmarkets,73percentoflongdistancemarketsand74percentofinternationalmarketsareopentootheroperators1(Figure1,topleft).
AtthesametimeEurope&CISleadsintermsofprivatizationandhasthehighestpercentageofpartlyorfullyprivateincumbents(Figure1,topright).
Europe&CISalsoleadsinthegenerallymoreliberalizedtelecommunicationmarkets.
By2004,ninety-fourpercentoftheregion'scellularmobileserviceshadbeenopenedtocompetition,comparedto92percentinAfrica,75percentintheAmericas,and69percentinAsia-PacificandtheArabStates(Figure1,bottomleft).
Europe&CISremainstheonlyregionintheworldwithaonehundredpercentcompetitiveISPmarket(Figure1,bottomright).
Figure1:Europetakesthelead:liberalization,privatization&competitionLevelofcompetitionforbasicservices,byglobalregion,2004(topleft)andpercentageofcountrieswithpartlyorfullyprivateincumbents,byglobalregion,2004(topright).
Levelofcompetitionincellularmobileservices,2004(bottomleft)andInternetservices,2003(bottomright).
4823155485514946775249510102030405060708090AfricaAmericasAsia-PacificArabStatesEurope&CISWorldMonopolyCompetitionOfwhich:85%local,73%longdistance.
,74%internat.
77%74%53%42%43%0%20%40%60%80%100%Europe&CISAmericasAsia-PacificAfricaArabStates6313125894696975920%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%AfricaAmericasAsia-PacificArabStatesEuropeMonopolyCompetitionCellularmobileservices90291110889917190921000%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%AfricaAmericasAsia-PacificArabStatesEuropeWorldMonopolyCompetitionInternetservicesSource:ITUWorldTelecommunicationRegulatoryDatabase.
Note:EuropereferstoEurope&CIS.
1ITU.
TrendsinTelecommunicationReform2004/2005.
Europe'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200422.
Fixedlinestagnation…ThetotalnumberofmaintelephonelinesinEurope&CIShasshownaminimalgrowthrate-belowonepercent-forseveralyearsandthenumberofmainlinesreacheditspeakintheBalticStatesandWesternEuropein2001,whenitstoodat223million(Figure2,left).
Between2001and2003atotalof22states(42percentofallthoseinEurope&CIS)registeredanegativegrowthrateinfixedlinesandonlyeightcountrieshadgrowthratesofmorethanfourpercent.
Despitethesedevelopmentstheregionremainsthegloballeaderintermsoffixedlinepenetration.
Inanumberofcountriesstagnationinthefixedlinemarketispartlyduetosaturation.
InWesternEurope,overallfixedlinepenetrationratestandsat56percent,withmosthouseholdsowningatelephoneline(Figure2,right).
Animportantissue,andapotentialthreattofixedlineoperators,isthefixedtomobilesubstitution(FMS),thatis,theuseofmobilephonesinsteadoffixedphonesforcallsoraccess.
FMSmaytakedifferentforms,andisnotalwaysclearlymeasurable(unlessthroughhouseholdsurveys),andinterpretationsandpredictionsaboutitsscaleandimpactvary.
AlthoughtherelativelystablenumberoffixedlinesinWesternEuropesuggeststhatfewusersareactually'cuttingthecord',arecentEUcommissionedsurveysuggeststhatsomenewEuropeanusersaregoing'straighttomobile'.
Accordingtothe2003/04survey"anincreasingnumberofhouseholdshaveoneormoremobilephoneswithoutowninganyfixedline:whiletheaverageofhouseholdswithoutanyfixedlineis15%,thisproportionreaches33%inFinlandandPortugal"2.
FMSseemstobeanevengreaterissueinthelower-incomeregionsofEurope&CISandfixedlinegrowthratesremainlowevenincountrieswherepenetrationlevelshavenotreachedsaturation.
TheCommonwealthofIndependentStates(CIS),whichatamodest3.
8percentin2003,showedthehighestfixedlinegrowthrate,hadonly21fixedlinesper100inhabitants.
Muchhighergrowthratesinthemobilemarket,89percentinCISin2003,suggestthatmanyuserschoosetohaveaccesstoamobilephoneonly.
IntheBalticStatesmobileovertookfixedintheyear2002.
Sincethenfixedlinepenetrationhasstoodatsome30percentandactuallydecreasedbyalmosteightpercentin2003.
Mobilegrowthrates,incontrast,remainedstrongatsome30percentin2003,withpenetrationexceeding62percent.
Figure2:FixedlinestagnationFixedlinepenetrationovertime(1993-2003)byglobalregion(left)andpercentageofhouseholdswithtelephone,WesternEurope,2003Maintelephonelinesper100inhabitants,1993-20030.
010.
020.
030.
040.
050.
0199319951997199920012003Europe&CISAmericasWorldAsia-PacificAfrica999998979695908885807749664857666043484941100020406080100SwedenFinlandGermanyItalyFranceIcelandUKSpainAustriaBelgiumPortugal%HHwithtelephoneTeledensityFixedlinesinWesternEurope,2003Source:ITUWorldTelecommunicationIndicatorsDatabase.
2Thesurvey,whichwascarriedoutfortheEuropeanCommission,wasbasedonasampleof44'219respondentsin127regions,beingrepresentativeofthetotalpopulationofthe15pre-accessionEUMemberStatesbydemographicsandregions.
Theinterviewswerecarriedoutbetweentheendof2003andthebeginningof2004.
Seehttp://europa.
eu.
int/information_society/newsroom/cf/itemlongdetail.
cfmitem_id=1347.
Europe'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/20043Oneofthemainreasonswhythemobilephonehaschallengedthefixedlinehasbeenthedramaticdropinprices,triggeredbymajorcompetitioninthemobilesector.
Insomecountries,suchasDenmarkandFinland,thegapbetweenfixedandmobilepriceshasconsiderablyshrunk.
3Withthedecreasingdifferenceinprices,fixedlineoperatorsarelosingtrafficandrevenuestothemobilesector.
Thetrendhighlightedbythemajorityof2004financialreportsinthetelecommunicationindustryshowed:lowerfixednetworkvoicetelephonyrevenuesversushighermobileandbroadbandrevenues.
Germany'sDeutscheTelekomAG-Europe'slargesttelecomoperator–reporteda4.
4percentdropinitsfixedlineunit,T-Com.
Thisloss,broughtonbystrongercompetitionandpricepressures,wasoffsetonlybystronggrowthinthebroadband(DSL)market.
4InFrance,thefixedlinetelephonymarkethasdroppedcontinuouslysince1998,witha4.
1percentfallinvalueand4.
2percentdropinvolume(minutes)in2003.
But,accordingtoART,theFrenchregulator,"growthofaround12percentinvalueinthemobiletelephonyandInternetbusinesseasilyoffsetthestructuraldeclineinthefixedlinemarket".
5SimilartrendscanbeobservedinotherpartsofEurope.
InCentralandEasternEurope,revenuesfromfixedlineservicesaregenerallydecreasingandcontrastedbygrowthinthemobileandbroadbandmarket.
In2004CeskyTelecom,theCzechincumbent,posteda12percentincreaseinrevenuesfromdata,internetandvalue-addedserviceswhilefixedlinevoicerevenuesdroppedby25percent6.
InSlovakia,theincumbentregisteredanoveralldecreaseofrevenuesof5.
2percentinthefirstninemonthsof2004duetodecliningfixedlinerevenues.
7Operatorsarenotonlyfacingcompetitionfromthemobilesector,alone.
Forthefirsttimeinseveralyears,theEUin2004recordedanincreasingnumberofnewmarketentrants.
Competitionincreasedparticularlyinthenewmemberstates,wherefixedlinepenetrationliesbelowtheEU15average,suggestingthatoperatorsseeabusinesscaseandmarginsforlowerprices.
(Figure3,left).
Overallthesedevelopmentshaveledtoadeclineinincumbents'marketshare(Figure3,right),ahigherdegreeofcompetition,andlowerprices.
InPoland,forexample,incumbentTelekomunikacjaPolska(TPSA)haslostone-fifthofitslocalandinternationallong-distancefixedlinemarketsincetheintroductionofcompetitionandlowerpricesofferedbynewoperators.
TPSAhasreactedbycuttingitsownprices.
8Thesedevelopmentshavegenerallytakenplacetothebenefitofconsumerswhohaveseenfixedlinepricesdropandcustomerchoiceandservicesincrease.
Theseincludetailoredpricingpackagesandagrowingnumberofcountriesthatofferfixedlineportability.
3Northstream.
Growingthemobilevoicemarket.
November2004.
4DeutscheTelekom.
http://www.
telecomdirectnews.
com/do.
php/120/120935AutoritédeRégulationdesTélécommunications(ART).
AnnualReport2003.
Availableatwww.
art-telecom.
fr6CeskyTelecom.
2004AuditedFinancialResults.
21.
03.
2005.
See:http://www.
telecom.
cz/infocentrum_e/tiskove_centrum/tiskove_zpravy/clanek.
phptz=21032005_17Wood.
MonthlyEconomicReview.
Slovakia.
November2004.
See:http://www.
wood.
cz/report_files/Monthly%20Political%20and%20Economic%20Review%20-Oct04.
pdf8GlobalNewsAnalysis.
Poland:Competitioncutscallcosts.
08July2004.
See:http://www.
ebusinessforum.
com/index.
aspdoc_id=7074&layout=rich_storyEurope'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/20044Figure3:CompetitionfromwithinEstimatednumberoffixedoperatorsinEU25&EU15,1998-2004(left)andEU15incumbents'averagemarketshareonthevoicetelephonymarket,basedonrevenues,2000-2003(right)EstimatednumberoffixedoperatorsinEU25&EU150500100015001998200020022004EU15PublicvoicetelephonyEU25PublicvoicetelephonyEU15incumbents'averagemarketshareonthevoicetelephonymarket(basedonrevenue)74.
6%86.
9%80.
9%76.
8%71.
3%67.
4%79.
4%72.
8%70.
0%66.
5%59.
9%62.
2%64.
9%67.
2%0.
60.
70.
80.
91.
0Dec.
00Dec.
01Dec.
02Dec.
03LocalcallsLong-distancecallsCallstomobileInternationalcallsSource:EuropeanCommission.
Withfixedlineoperatorscurrentlystrugglingformarketsharesandrevenues,futuredevelopmentsinthesectorwilldependonanumberoffactors,includingthedevelopmentofnewtechnologies,suchasconvergedfixed-mobileproducts9orotherbundledservices,suchasTVoverADSL10.
Particularlyinthenearfuture,itwillalsodependontheabilityofmobilenetworkstoprovidehigh-speedInternetaccess.
Untiluserscaneasily,andatcomparablepriceandquality,accesstheInternetovertheirmobilephone,userswillnotrelinquishtheirfixedline.
Thisisparticularlytrueinaregionwherearound90percentofbroadbandisdeliveredoverxDSLtechnology.
However,evenwheretheneedforfixedlinestosupportInternetaccesswilllimitthedeclineinfixedlinesintheshortterm,thiswillnotpreventanaggressivebattleforvoiceminutesbetweenfixedandmobileoperators.
9Anexampleforaconvergedfixed-mobileproductisBT'sBluephone,asinglephonethatwillcombinefixedandmobilenetworks.
Formoreinformation,see:http://www.
btplc.
com/Innovation/Mobility/everywhere/10TVoverADSLrepresentsanotherincentiveforcustomerstokeep(orinstall)afixedtelephoneline.
Thisservice,provided,forexample,inFrance,bundlesvideo,broadbandInternet,andvoiceservices.
SeeWorldMarketResearchCentre.
March30,2005.
France:OperatorsLineUpforTVoverADSLinFranceEurope'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200453.
…versuscontinuedmobilegrowthEurope&CISleadstheworldintermsofmobilepenetrationrates.
Attheendof2003themostliberalizedmobilemarkethadjustover475millionmobilesubscribersandapenetrationrateof54.
6percent.
Thiscomparesto6.
2percentinAfrica,34.
8percentinAmericas,and16percentinAsia-Pacific(Figure4,topleft).
Bytheendof2003morethanthreequartersofthecountriesintheregionhadmoremobilesthanfixedlinesandItalyandLuxembourgwerethefirsttosurpassthetheoreticalsaturationpointof100percent(Table3).
Sincethenothercountries,includingFinlandandtheCzechRepublic,havefollowed.
Evencountrieswithmaturepenetrationlevelscontinuetoshowgrowth,indicatingthatsaturationlevelsinthemobilemarketmightbedifficulttoestimateforanumberofreasons(Box1).
Themaindigital(aswellaseconomic)divideinEurope&CISisbetweenEurope'sBalticStates,CEE,andWesternEuropeontheonehandandCISontheotherhand.
In2003almosthalfoftheCIScountries-Armenia,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,TurkmenistanandUzbekistan-hadpenetrationlevelsunderfivepercent.
TheCISaverageremainsataverylow17.
1percent(Figure4,topright)andinonlytwoCIScountries–AzerbaijanandGeorgia-mobilehadslightlyovertakenfixedlinepenetration.
Atthesametimetheregionwiththelowestmobilesubscribersper100populationhasbyfarthehighestgrowthrates,anaverageof99.
4percent.
Tajikistanleadsat441percentgrowthratebetween2001and2003.
ItisalsonoteworthythatanumberofCEEcountrieshavemobilepenetrationlevelsclosetoorevenhigherthanthoseofWesternEurope.
In2003theCzechRepublicstoodoutwith96.
5percent,followedbySlovenia(87.
1percent)andHungary(76.
9percent).
PolandandTurkey(thetwolargestCEEcountriesintermsofpopulations)arestilllaggingbehind,withmobilepenetrationratesof45.
1and39.
4percent,respectively.
Togetherthetwocountriesrepresentanuntappedmarketofaround60millionpotentialusers.
Figure4:EuropeleadsinmobilepenetrationMobilepenetrationrates,byregions,2003(left)andmobilepenetrationrateswithinEurope&CIS,2003(right)Mobilepenetrationbyregion,200334.
822.
716.
06.
254.
60102030405060Europe&CISAmericasWorldAsia-PacificAfricaMobilepenetration,Europe&CIS,200317.
946.
462.
485.
6CISCEEBalticW.
EuropeSource:ITUWorldTelecommunicationIndicatorsDatabase.
AnotherexampleforcontinuedmarketopportunitiesisRussia.
Europe'smarketwiththemostpotentialintermsofpopulationmorethandoubledthenumberofmobilesubscribersin2004,from36.
5millionto74.
4million.
11Thecountry'spoorfixedlinenetworkandlackofinfrastructureinvestmenthasopenedupopportunitiesforthreelargeoperators(representingcloseto90percentofthemarket)and60smalloperators(Figure5).
Highgrowthin2004hasallowedRussiatoovertakeGermany,France,SpainandtheUKandtobecomethelargestmobilemarketinEurope11Jason&PartnersManagementConsultancy.
RussianCellularMarketWatch.
December2004.
Europe'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/20046&CIS.
However,thecountry'soverallmobilepenetrationrateofcloseto52percentconcealsamajornationaldigitaldivide,withthemajorityofsubscribersconcentratedinurbancenters.
Increasedcompetitioninthemobilemarkethasdrasticallydecreasedthepriceformobileservicesandthedifferencebetweenfixedandmobilepriceshasnarroweddramaticallyoverthelastdecade.
InGermanyapriceindexcomparisonforfixedandmobiletelecommunicationservicesshowsthatoverthelastdecadethecountry'sfixedlinepriceshavedecreasedby23percentagepoints,comparedto57percentformobileservices.
12Whilethecostformobilecallsremainshigherthanthosemadeonthefixedlinenetwork13alongerandoftenmoreintensepricewarinthemobilesectorsacrossEurope&CISmarketshasnarrowedthepricegap.
Despitealreadyhighpenetrationlevelsandlowerprices,mobileoperatorsacrossEurope&CIScontinuetobenefitfrommajorprofitsandtogetherwiththebroadbandsector,themobilemarketwas2003/04'sbiggestsubscribergrowthandrevenueengine.
In2004theEuropeanUnionreportedanaverageofsevenpercentgrowthforitsmemberstatesandrevenuesfrommobileservicesexceedingthoseoffixedvoiceservices14.
Mostoperatorshighlightthatincreasingsubscribernumbersandgrowingaveragevolumesperuserhavehelpedtosustaingrowthrates.
In2003theFrenchmobilesectorgrewbynolessthan12.
6percentinvalue,triggeredlargelybyagrowingcallvolume(up21.
2percentin2003)15.
IntheUK,householdsincreasedtheiraveragemobilecallsfrom10minutesinperhouseholdin1999to27minutesin2003.
AndforthefirsttimetheaveragehouseholdexpenditureonmobileservicesintheUKexceededthoseonfixedvoiceservices.
16InRussiaMTS,thecountry'slargestmobileoperator,addedanother7.
4millioncustomerstoitssubscribersbaseduringthefirstninemonthsof2004.
.
17Whilemanymobileoperatorshavefocusedincreasinglyonnon-voiceservicestoenhancetheirrevenue,voiceservicesstillaccountforthelion'spartofrevenuesinmostEuropean&CISmarkets.
IntheDutchmarket,datarevenuesrepresentedbetween12and16percentofoperators'totalmobileservicerevenues.
18InPoland,TPGroup,Poland'sleadingtelecomsprovider,reportedSMSrevenuesincreaseby32percentovertheyearbutstillonlyamountedto14.
5percentofblendedARPUinthefourthquarterof2004.
1912StatistischesBundesamtDeutschland.
Seehttp://www.
destatis.
de/indicators/d/tpi001jd.
htm.
13Itshouldbenotedthatitisdifficulttodirectlycomparefixedandmobileprices,givenvaryingpricingpackages,thebundlingofservices,andtheprovisionofdifferentservices,suchasSMS.
14CommissionoftheEuropeanCommunities.
CommunicationfromtheCommissiontotheCouncil,theEuropeanParliament,theEuropeanEconomicandSocialCommitteeandtheCommitteeoftheRegions.
EuropeanElectronicCommunicationsRegulationandMarkets2004.
15AutoritédeRégulationdesTélécommunications(ART).
AnnualReport2003.
Availableatwww.
art-telecom.
fr16OFCOM.
TheCommunicationsMarket2004–Telecommunications.
Availableat:http://www.
ofcom.
org.
uk/research/cm/cmpdf/telecoms.
pdf17MobileTeleSystems(MTS).
Q32004.
FinancialandOperatingResults.
ManagementPresentation.
November2004.
Availableat:http://www.
company.
mtsgsm.
com/18WorldMarketResearchCentre.
March24,2005.
EuropeRegional:DayofReckoningforMobileData19TPGroup.
FullYearResults2004.
Availableat:http://www.
tp-ir.
pl/files/en/TPGroup_FY04results_20050210_ver2.
pdfFigure5:NewmarketsinRussia:8.
3millionnewmobilesubscribersinonemonthOperators'marketshareof8.
3millionnewmobilesubscribersduringDecember2004RegionalTop-77%MTS45%MegaFon12%VimpelCom36%Source:Jason&PartnersConsultancy.
Europe'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/20047Withinthedatamarket,SMScontinuestodominate,despitehighexpectationsforMMSuptake,which,sofar,havenotmaterialized.
Whilein2004theFrenchSFRsubscriberssentsixtimesmoreMMSthanin2003–35millionintotal–thisstillonlyamountedtolessthantenpercentofthenumberofSMSsentbytheFrenchoperator'scustomers.
20TheoveralllevelofMMSuseandrelatedrevenuesinEuroperemainsmallandwhilethenumberofSMShasincreaseddramaticallyofthelastfewyears,MMSisstillinitsinfancy.
Box1:Mobilepenetrationbeyond100%Bytheendof2003mobilepenetrationinItalyandLuxembourghadpassed100percent,meaningthatthereweremoremobilephonesthanpeople.
SincethenothercountriesinEuropehavefollowed,includingFinland,SwedenandtheCzechRepublic.
Thetheoreticalsaturationpointoughttobearound85–90percent,assumingthatsomechildrenaretooyoungtohaveamobilephone,andsomepeoplewouldnotchoosetoownone.
Evenallowingforextraneousfactors,liketourismormigrantworkers,thereshouldbesomesortoflimit.
Nevertheless,mobilephoneownership,eveninthemostadvancedeconomies,continuestogrow.
Despitealreadyhighpenetrationlevelsofabove90percentin2003,SwedenandSpaincontinuedtohavetwodigitgrowthrates(10.
percentand11.
2percent,respectively)in2003.
Thereareseveralfactorsatplayincountrieswith100plusmobilepenetrationrates,causingmobilestosurpassthesupposedsaturationpoint:--Anindividualusermayownmorethanonemobilephone(e.
g.
,oneforhomeuseandanotherforbusiness);--Anindividualusermayhavemorethanonemobileserviceaccount,especiallywhereprepaidispopular.
--Mobilephoneserviceprovidersmayhavedifferentpoliciesonwhenaprepaidaccountisnolongerconsideredactive.
Thus,theremaybesomedoublecountingofsubscribers.
Czechmobileoperators,forexample,includethoseSIMcardsfromwhichnocallshavebeenmadeforuptooneyear.
Inthelongerterm,though,thesaturationratemayprovetobeillusory.
Familiesinthefuturemayownseveraldeviceswithmobilecommunicatingabilitybuiltin.
Weareenteringaneraofpervasivecomputingandcommunicationsinwhichthemajorityofcallswillbemadefromonemachinetoanother.
Mobilecommunicatingdeviceswillbeusedinawidevarietyoffields,fromhealthcare,topersonalsecurity,tolifestyleconvenience.
BoxFigure1:MoremobilesthanpeopleTop10economiesrankedbymobilesubscribersper100inhabitants,end2003,world90.
490.
991.
695.
595.
696.
5101.
8105.
8106.
1110.
8PortugalNorwaySpainIsraelIcelandCzechRep.
ItalyHongKong,ChinaLuxembourgTaiwan,ChinaTop10economiesrankedbymobilepenetration,2003Source:ITUWorldTelecommunicationIndicatorDatabaseBy2005third-generation(3G)high-speednetworksandserviceshavebeenlaunchedinthelargemajorityofEurope&CIScountries.
AccordingtoareportbytheEuropeanCommission,the25EUcountrieswerehometo2.
6million3Gsubscribersbytheendof2004,withatleast43percent3Gpopulationcoverage.
ThisrepresentsonlyafractionandlessthanonepercentoftheEU'stotalmobilesubscribers.
Ontheuserside,fewhaveyetturnedtheirthirdgenerationcellularphonesintominicomputers.
Whilethetechnologicaldevelopmentsallowforhighlysophisticatedapplications,usershaveencounteredanumberofbarriers.
Devicesarestillnotuser-friendly20WorldMarketResearchCentre.
March24,2005.
EuropeRegional:DayofReckoningforMobileDataEurope'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/20048enoughandremainunreliableforcustomers.
Othercitedproblemsincludecomplicatedbillingsystemsandlimitednetworkcoverage.
ResearchundertakenbytheUK'sregulator,Ofcom,recentlyrevealedthatonlytwelvepercentofexistingmobilephonesubscriberswereconsideringa3Gphoneoverthenext12months(Figure6).
Whilecurrentstatisticsputthemediahypesurrounding3Gsomewhatintoperspective,developmentsmayevolverapidly,particularlygivenmoreandmoreoperators'effortstoincreasethenumberof3Gsubscribers.
InSwedenoperatorsofferedavarietyofincentivestoincreasethenumberof3GsubscribersandbyNovember2004,somesixpercentofthecountry'smobilesubscriberswereusing3Gservices.
21ArecentreportbyTelecommunicationsManagementGroup(TMG),analyzingcountries'uptakeinusingmobilehandsetstodownloadentertainment,exchangepicturemessagesandaccesstheInternetshowsEurope'sstrongposition.
WhileAsia'sJapanandtheRepublicofKoreatakethelead,sevenoutofthetoptennationsintermsofmobileInternetaccessareEuropean.
WithinEurope,FrancehasthehighestpercentageofthepopulationthatusesamobilephonetoaccesstheInternet.
TheNordiccountriesarehighlyrepresented,withSweden,Finland,andNorwayinthetopten(Figure7,left).
Europe'sstrongpositioninthemobileworldisfurtherexemplifiedbythenumberoflargeoperatorsthatithasproduced.
Measuredbysubscribers,fiveoutofthetoptenoperatorsworldwidearefromEurope.
WhileChinaMobileistheoperatorwiththelargestnumberofproportionatesubscribers,thefiveEuropeanoperators–fromtheUK,Germany,France,SpainandSweden,have,particularlythroughtheirinternationaloperationswithinandoutsideofEurope,managedtorankamongstthetopten(seeFigure7,right).
21Vodafone,forexample,offeredcustomerswhoboughta3GhandsetandsubscriptionbeforeFebruary2005,oneyearoffreevideocalls.
SeeWorldMarketResearchCentre.
January20,2005.
EuropeRegional:DayofReckoningforMobileData.
Figure6:HowlikelyareUKmobilephoneuserstogeta3GphoneProportionofrepliesbyUKadultmobilephoneowners,2004Notverylikely25%Fairlylikely8%Notatalllikely59%Verylikely4%N/A4%Source:Ofcom.
Figure7:EuropeanmobileInternetandmobileoperatorsToptennationsbypercentageofpopulationusingmobilephonestoaccesstheInternet,2003(left)andtoptenmobileoperatorsbyproportionatesubscribers,December2004(right)Toptennationsby%ofpopulationusingmobilephonestoaccesstheInternet,200324.
810.
57.
17.
16.
154.
13.
93.
429.
50102030Top10mobileoperatorsbyproportionatesubscribers,Dec.
2004020406080100120140160180200TeliaSoneraVerizonNTTDoCoMoTelefonicaFranceTelecomAmericaMovilDeutscheTelecomChinaUnicomVodafoneChinaMobilesubscribers(millions)Source:TMG(leftchart).
ITU(rightchart).
Europe'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200494.
InternetandBroadband–lowerprice,higherspeedWhileEuropeleadsintermsofworldwidemobilepenetration,its2003Internetpenetrationlevelof24.
7percentpositionsitjustbehindtheAmericas,whichleadswith27percent.
Thatyear,bothregionswerefaraheadoftheworldaverageof11.
6percentandtheaveragepenetrationrateinEurope&CISwasmorethanthreetimesashighasthatinAsia-Pacific(7percent)andfifteentimeashighasAfrica's(1.
6percent)(Figure8,left).
ThereisamajorgapbetweenInternetpenetrationrateswithinEurope&CIS,aswell.
In2003WesternEuropeleadatahigh42.
9percent,followedbytheBalticStates(31.
4percent),CEE(16.
1percent)andtrailedbyCIS(5.
6percent)(Figure8,right).
Figure8:InternetuseinEuropeInternetpenetrationrates,byglobalregions,2003(left)andInternetpenetrationrateswithinEurope&CIS,byregion,2003(right)Internetpenetration,20031.
6%7.
0%11.
6%24.
7%27.
0%0.
0%5.
0%10.
0%15.
0%20.
0%25.
0%30.
0%AfricaAsia-PacificWorldEurope&CISAmericasInternetpenetration,Europe&CIS,20035.
6%16.
1%31.
4%41.
5%0%25%50%CISCEEBalticW.
EuropeSource:ITUWorldTelecommunicationIndicatorsDatabase.
Afewcountriesstandout.
Estonia,andLatvia,forexample,had2003penetrationratesof44and40percent,respectively,higherthanmanyWesternEuropeancountries,includingSpain(24percent),Italy(34percent),andGreece(15percent).
InCentral&EasternEurope,Slovenia,with40percentofitspopulationonlinein2003,beatsmanyofitsneighbours(Table4).
Internetpenetrationgrowthratesintheregionasawholehavebeenfalling,fromahigh70.
6percentin1998/1999butcontinuetostandatover20percentforthelasttwoyears.
In2003,CIS,theregionwiththelowestpenetration,hasthesecondhighestgrowthrateofcloseto80percent,adevelopmentthatsuggeststhatthedigitaldivideisnarrowingtosomeextend.
ThatyeargrowthwasstrongestinthethreeBalticStates,withanincreaseofalmost79percent,allowingthemtocatchupwithWesternEuropeanlevels.
InternetpenetrationlevelsshowthatthedigitaldividethatseparatedCISfromtherestofEuropeisgreaterinnewerICTs(mobileandInternet)thaninfixedlines.
Indeed,penetrationlevelsforInternetuseinCISareonly13percentofthoseinWesternEurope.
Thegapisslightlysmallerinthemobilesector,whereCISpenetrationratesstandatonefifth(20%)ofthoseinWesternEurope.
Thegapissmallestinthe"traditional"ICTsoffixedlineswhereCIS'penetrationlevelrepresents37percentofthatofWesternEurope.
TheBalticStates,onthecontrary,havemanagedtoleapfroginnewerICTs.
TheirInternetandmobilepenetrationratesFigure9:HowbigisEurope&CIS'digitaldivideICTpenetrationratesasapercentageofpenetrationratesinWesternEurope7349385020377354130.
010.
020.
030.
040.
050.
060.
070.
080.
090.
0100.
0Internetusers(%)Mobilesubscribers(%)Fixed-lines(%)BalticStatesCEECISSource:ITU.
WhilefixedlinepenetrationinCISis37%ofthatinWesternEurope….
…theCISInternetpenetrationrateisonly13percentthatofWesternEuropeEurope'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200410represent73percentofthoseinWesternEurope,whiletheirfixedlinepenetrationisonlyabouthalfofthatinWesternEurope.
CEEhasabouthalfthemobileandfixedlinepenetrationlevelsofWesternEuropebutlagsfurtherbehindinInternetuse(Figure9).
By2003twenty-onepercentofallInternetsubscribersinEurope&CIShadabroadbandconnection,comparedto15.
3percentglobally(Figure11,right).
Withintheregion,theBalticStates,where48percentofallInternetsubscribershadahigh-speedconnection,clearlystandout.
Thiscomparesto'only'22percentofhigh-speedInternetsubscribersinWesternEurope.
Estonia'sbroadbandpenetrationrateof58percentofsubscribersplacesitsecondwithintheregion,justbehindBelgium,where59.
5percentofInternetsubscribershavehigh-speedaccess.
TwelveEuropeaneconomies,theNetherlandsaheadofitsneighbours,rankamongthetop20economiesworldwideintermsofbroadbandpenetration(Figure10).
OtherbroadbandchampionsincludeDenmark,Switzerland,BelgiumandIceland(Figure11,left).
Todaysome90percentofbroadbandInternetconnectionsinEuroperelyonADSL,whichusesexisting(fixedline)copperwires.
Tooffsetincreasedcompetitionandlowerprices,combinedwithconstantfixedlinephonecalls,phonecompanieshavetakenadvantageofbroadbandtoincreasetheirrevenueand(togetherwiththeboomingmobilesector)oftenbalancetheoverallfinancialsituation.
CrossbordercompetitionhasalsolargelyincreasedwithmanyEuropeantelecommunicationoperatorsofferingtheirservicesacrossEurope.
TelecomItaliaoperatesinFrance,NetherlandsandGermany,andBTGrouphasexpandedtoItaly,Spain,Germanyandothercountries.
DeutscheTelekomhashigh-speedInternetoperationsinFrance,Spain,Austria,andSwitzerland.
Figure10:Whoarethefastest-51015202530PortugalAustriaUKFranceUSASingaporeFinlandJapanIsraelNorwaySwedenIcelandBelgiumTaiwan,ChinaSwitzerlandCanadaDenmarkNetherlandsHK,ChinaKorea(Rep.
)DSLCablemodems&OtherBroadbandpenetrationbytechnology,top20economiesworldwide,200424.
9Totalbroadbandpenetrationrate20.
919.
419.
317.
617.
016.
316.
015.
515.
115.
014.
314.
112.
811.
611.
411.
210.
310.
18.
5Source:ITU,OECD.
Figure11:Top15economiesTop10countriesinEuropebybroadbandpenetration,2004(left)andbroadbandsubscribersworldwide1998-2004(right)10.
311.
212.
815.
015.
115.
516.
117.
019.
319.
4UKFranceFinlandNorwaySwedenIcelandBelgiumSwitzerlandDenmarkNetherlandsEurope:Broadbandsubs/100inhab,top10,2004Broadbandsubscribersworldwide,inmillions,200402040608010012014016019981999200020012002200320040.
56%1.
25%3.
96%7.
33%11.
20%15.
3%16.
06%Source:ITUWorldTelecommunicationIndicatorsDatabase.
Broadbandsubscribersasa%ofInternetusersEurope'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200411Themainbeneficiariesofincreasedcompetitionareconsumerswhohavebenefitedfromlowerpricesandhigheraccessspeeds.
Apartfromcompetitionamongstfixedlineincumbents,ISPsandcableoperators,regulatoryinterventioninincumbentwholesalexDSLpriceshavehelpedtoreducecostandincreasespeeds.
Whilethepriceforabasicbroadbandresidentialconnectionhasdeclinedbyasmuchas30percentinanumberofcountriesin2004,thebasicspeedofbroadbandhasconstantlybeenincreasedsince2002.
InSpain,TelefonicatodayoffersADSLat512Kbpsfor29Euros,downfromitsprevious39euros.
InMarch2005,andfollowingthecountry'sleadingbroadbandcableoperator'sminimumspeedincreaseto3Mbps,Telefonicaannouncedplanstodoublethespeedto1Mbpsforthesameprice,whichwouldbeitssecondmovetodoubleADSLspeedsinsixmonths.
FacingincreasingcompetitionthedominantCzechtelecommunicationoperatorCeskyTelecomcutitsmonthlybroadbandInternetaccessfeesby44percenttoUS$40.
86.
22SimilardevelopmentsaretakingplaceinotherEuropeanmarkets.
AJuly2004internationalcomparisonforbroadbandpricesshowedthatAsia,notEurope,wasleadingintermsofprice/speed.
FouroutofthetopfiverankedeconomieswerefromAsia,andonlyoneEuropeancountry(Sweden)madeittothetopfive.
Intheexpandedtop15list,however,Europefaresbetter,witheightcountriesranked(Table1).
ThecomparisonalsoshowsthatbroadbandpriceshavecomedownalotacrossalmostallcountriesandSweden'spricefellbyalmost100percentinjustoneyear.
Thebroadbandsectorislikelytogothroughanumberofimportantchanges,particularlywiththeappearanceofconvergentanddisruptivetechnologiesandthetrendtowardsbundledofferings.
Pricesareequallyexpectedtofallevenmore.
Table1:Mirror,mirroronthewall,whoisthecheapestofthemallComparativepricesforbroadband,top15broadbandeconomies,July2004,rankedbyUSDper100kbit/sEconomyCompanyTechnologySpeed(kbit/s)Pricepermonth(USD)Priceper100kbit/sChange,2003-04JapanKDDIDSL47'00025.
850.
06-44.
1%Korea(Rep.
)HanaroDSL20'00047.
860.
24-4.
0%SwedenBredbandsbolagetFTTH/DSL24'00058.
630.
24-97.
4%Taiwan,ChinaChunghwaDSL8'00035.
300.
44n.
a.
HongKong,ChinaNetvigatorDSL6'00051.
030.
85-33.
2%CanadaBellDSL3'00034.
051.
13-66.
6%BelgiumBelgacomDSL3'30048.
401.
4719.
6%SingaporeStarHubCable3'00046.
501.
55-31.
3%SwitzerlandSwissComDSL2'40077.
883.
24-73.
3%USAComcastCable3'00052.
991.
77-50.
0%NetherlandsWanadooDSL1'12042.
353.
785.
5%FinlandSoneraDSL2'04882.
284.
02-53.
6%IcelandVodafoneDSL50021.
004.
20-37.
1%DenmarkTele2DSL2'04886.
324.
21-32.
1%NorwayTele2DSL1'02462.
956.
15-11.
0%Average8'42951.
562.
22-36.
3%Bestpractice(top20%)30'33344.
120.
18-48.
5%Source:ITUInternetReports.
ThePortableInternet.
ITU.
September2004.
22WorldMarketResearchCentre.
January18,2005.
CzechRepublic:CeskyTelecomCutsBroadbandInternetPricesEurope'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200412Box2:FromEU15toEU25…thedynamicsandstrengthsofaUnionAcommonregulatoryframework,openmarkets,andtechnicalcooperationaresomeofthestrengthsandadvantagesthatcomewithEurope'smarriage.
Effortstoharmonize,liberalizeandregulatetheEuropeantelecommunicationsectorgobacktotheendofthe1980s,withtheoverallobjectivetopromotethecompetitivenessofthe(then)singleEuropeanCommunitymarketandtostimulateinvestmentsinanenvironmentofrapidlydevelopingtechnologies.
TodaythetelecommunicationssectorisahighgrowthareaintheEuropeaneconomyinitsownrightaswellasanimportantstimulantfortheeconomyasawhole.
WiththeenlargementoftheEuropeanUnionfromthepreviously15memberstatesto25(on1May2004)thenewcentralandeasternEuropeancountriesadoptedtheEUcommunicationspolicylegislation,includingacompetitivemarketapproachandafullyindependentregulatoryauthority.
ThisincludestheNewRegulatoryFramework(NRF)fortelecommunication,which,enactedin2003,isaimedatregulatoryharmonizationandthepromotionofcompetition.
Itappliestoall25memberstatesandisexpectedtobefullyimplementedinthenearfuture.
AnotherEuropeanframworkistheeEurope(andeEurope+)initiative,whichisaimedathelpingEurope–includingitsnewmembers-tobecomeaninclusiveinformationsociety.
ThishasincludedtheexpansionofinfrastructureandInternetconnectivityandtheadoptionofalegale-commerceframework.
ExpandedtotheeEurope2005ActionPlan,itnowgoesbeyondinfrastructure-basedcriteriaandfocusesonthedeliveryofbroadbandinfrastructureandservices,includinge-governmentande-health.
LinkedtotheEuropeUnion'scommonstrategyisthedevelopmentandavailabilityofcomparablestatisticstomeasureprogressandidentifyweaknessesintheadoptionofInformationandCommunicationTechnologies.
TheEUhasidentifiedalistofe-benchmarks–usuallycollectedbyNationalStatisticalOffices-thatcoversuchareasasICTinfrastructure,skills,tariffs,uptake&use,R&D,networksecurity,PublicInternetAccessPoints,e-commerce,etc.
Tomeasureprogressmade,theEUfurthercarriesoutspecificstudiestocomparecountriesovertime,andagainsteachother,onspecificissues.
Anexampleisarecentlypublishedsurveyonthesophisticationofonlinegovernmentservices.
ThestudyhighlightstheprogressmadeintheEU,wheretodayover90percentofpublicserviceprovidershaveanon-linepresence,and40percentofbasicpublicservicesarefullyinteractive.
Thestudyfurtherhighlightstheshrinkinggapbetweenthe10newMemberStatesandthepre-enlargementEU15,withthenewMemberStatestodaystandingwheretheEU15onesstoodjusttwoyearsago.
Besidesasharedlegalframeworkandcommonstatistics,theEUisunitingitsforcesintheareaofmobiletechnologytokeepontopofdevelopments.
Europeiseagertomaintainitstraditionalheadstartanddominanceinthemobilesector,whichismainlytheresultoftheregion'shomogeneousimplementationofGSMtechnologyintheearly1990s.
Recenttechnologicaldevelopmentstowardsthemigrationto3GhavemadeEurope'stechnologicalstatusunclearandparticularlyAsiahasbeenabletocatchup.
Arecentannouncementbysome15telecommunicationplayers(equipmentvendors,componentmakersandoperators)tolaunchtheeMobilityPlatform,aprojecttodevelopacomprehensiveresearchagendaformobiletechnologyevolution,highlightstheregion'sprivatesectoreffortstouniteitsforces.
Source:EU&eMobilityPlatform.
Europe'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200413Table2:Europe&CIS,Telecomprojections,1995-2005ActualEstimateForecast19951996199719981999200020012002200320042005Maintelephonelines(000s)269'373280'835293'423304'059314'398324'333330'823332'702334'679336'774338'990BalticStates2'0572'1712'2632'3542'4002'4452'3802'1121'9471'7951'655CEE35'26338'74142'85146'91750'26352'48753'74653'02553'96754'92655'901CIS42'08944'04446'72048'21350'46452'11454'02056'90459'09061'36063'717Western189'964195'879201'589206'575211'272217'287220'678220'661219'675218'694217'717Per100inhabitants31.
332.
634.
035.
236.
337.
437.
938.
238.
438.
739.
0BalticStates26.
628.
329.
630.
931.
732.
431.
929.
627.
425.
323.
5CEE19.
120.
923.
225.
326.
928.
028.
227.
828.
228.
528.
9CIS14.
815.
516.
417.
017.
818.
319.
120.
120.
921.
722.
6Western49.
550.
952.
353.
554.
455.
956.
356.
556.
456.
356.
2Mobilecellularsubscribers(000s)24'09537'99161'112104'626182'202292'276361'257410'141475'106554'969616'522BalticStates601493876829931'4822'3263'4444'4405'0825'449CEE9851'9784'5619'49719'85438'77355'87272'79588'863104'641113'930CIS1232996591'0762'2375'17112'14224'83648'28891'770133'088Western22'92735'56455'50693'371159'118246'850290'917309'066333'516353'477364'054Per100inhabitants2.
84.
47.
112.
121.
033.
741.
447.
154.
663.
870.
9BalticStates0.
81.
95.
19.
013.
119.
631.
248.
262.
471.
777.
2CEE0.
51.
12.
55.
110.
620.
729.
438.
246.
454.
458.
9CIS0.
00.
10.
20.
40.
81.
84.
38.
817.
132.
547.
1Western6.
09.
2414.
424.
241.
063.
574.
379.
185.
691.
094.
0Totaltelephonesubscribers(000s)293'468318'825354'535408'685496'601616'609692'080742'842809'785891'743955'512BalticStates2'1172'3202'6503'0363'3933'9274'7065'5566'3876'8777'104CEE36'24840'71947'41156'41470'11791'260109'618125'820142'829159'566169'832CIS42'21244'34347'37849'28952'70157'28566'16281'740107'378153'130196'805Western212'891231'443257'095299'946370'390464'137511'595529'726553'191572'171581'771Per100inhabitants34.
137.
041.
147.
357.
371.
079.
485.
393.
0102.
5109.
8BalticStates27.
430.
234.
739.
944.
852.
063.
177.
789.
897.
1100.
7CEE19.
722.
025.
630.
437.
648.
757.
666.
074.
682.
987.
8CIS14.
815.
616.
717.
418.
520.
223.
428.
938.
054.
269.
7Western55.
560.
166.
777.
695.
4119.
3130.
6135.
6142.
0147.
3150.
2Internetusers(000s)8'39515'33927'90645'35777'630110'378141'916176'208210'623249'049273'218BalticStates40801653004087678501'2542'2323'1023'706CEE6611'2522'2424'1616'7149'51614'65123'79430'79835'33137'931CIS2474658271'4091'9253'8455'9748'97215'80325'05332'385Western7'44713'54224'67239'48768'58396'250120'441142'188161'790185'563199'196Per100inhabitants1.
01.
83.
25.
39.
012.
716.
320.
224.
228.
631.
4BalticStates0.
51.
02.
23.
95.
410.
111.
417.
531.
443.
852.
5CEE0.
40.
71.
22.
23.
65.
17.
712.
516.
118.
419.
6CIS0.
10.
20.
30.
50.
71.
42.
13.
25.
68.
911.
5Western1.
93.
56.
410.
217.
724.
730.
736.
441.
547.
851.
4Provisional.
Updated04.
04.
2005Source:TelecommunicationDevelopmentBureau(BDT),InternationalTelecommunicationUnion(ITU)Europe'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200414Table3:ICTIndicators,2003Europe&CISPopulation2003000sp.
100000sp.
100000sp.
1001Estonia1'351.
0461.
034.
121'050.
277.
74600.
044.
412Latvia2'319.
2661.
928.
541'219.
652.
58936.
040.
363Lithuania3'445.
7824.
223.
922'169.
962.
97695.
720.
19BalticStates7'115.
91'947.
127.
364'439.
762.
392'231.
731.
364Albania3'072.
8255.
08.
301'100.
035.
8030.
00.
985Bosnia3'832.
1938.
024.
481'050.
027.
40150.
03.
916Bulgaria7'506.
62'856.
138.
053'500.
946.
641'545.
120.
587Croatia4'374.
01'700.
038.
872'553.
058.
371'014.
023.
188Cyprus741.
6424.
157.
19551.
874.
40250.
033.
719CzechRepublic10'064.
63'626.
336.
039'708.
796.
463'100.
030.
8010Hungary10'334.
23'602.
934.
867'944.
676.
882'400.
023.
2211Malta400.
0208.
352.
07290.
072.
50190.
047.
5012Poland38'589.
011'862.
230.
7417'401.
245.
098'970.
023.
2413Romania21'733.
64'333.
419.
947'046.
432.
424'000.
018.
4014SerbiaandMontenegro10'760.
12'611.
724.
273'634.
633.
78847.
07.
8715SlovakRepublic5'377.
01'294.
724.
083'678.
868.
421'375.
825.
5916Slovenia1'997.
0812.
340.
681'739.
187.
09800.
040.
0617TFYRMacedonia2'084.
2525.
025.
19776.
037.
23126.
06.
0518Turkey70'712.
018'916.
726.
7527'887.
539.
446'000.
08.
49CEE191'578.
853'966.
828.
1788'862.
646.
3830'798.
016.
0819Armenia3'801.
0563.
714.
83114.
43.
01140.
003.
6820Azerbaijan8'234.
1941.
411.
431'055.
012.
81350.
04.
2521Belarus9'873.
23'071.
331.
111'118.
011.
321'391.
914.
1022Georgia4'892.
7657.
113.
43711.
214.
54117.
02.
3923Kazakhstan15'842.
02'228.
414.
071'330.
78.
40300.
01.
8924Kyrgyzstan5'206.
4396.
27.
61138.
32.
66200.
03.
8425Moldova3'606.
8791.
121.
93475.
913.
20288.
07.
9826Russia146'412.
236'993.
025.
2736'500.
024.
9310'000.
06.
8327Tajikistan6'542.
3245.
23.
7547.
60.
734.
120.
0628Turkmenistan4'867.
1376.
17.
739.
20.
1920.
00.
4129Ukraine47'600.
011'109.
523.
346'466.
513.
592'500.
05.
2530Uzbekistan25'614.
11'717.
16.
70320.
81.
25492.
01.
92CIS282'491.
959'090.
120.
9248'287.
717.
0915'803.
05.
5931Andorra84.
245.
153.
5251.
961.
6310.
011.
9332Austria8'073.
03'881.
048.
077'094.
587.
883'730.
046.
2033Belgium10'372.
55'074.
148.
928'222.
979.
284'000.
038.
5634Denmark5'397.
63'612.
866.
934'767.
388.
322'920.
054.
1035Finland5'219.
02'567.
649.
204'747.
190.
962'786.
053.
3836France59'900.
333'905.
456.
6041'683.
169.
5921'900.
036.
5637Germany82'531.
754'250.
065.
7364'800.
078.
5239'000.
047.
2538Greece11'456.
85'200.
245.
3910'337.
090.
231'718.
415.
0039Guernsey55.
857.
0102.
1541.
975.
0933.
059.
1440Iceland289.
0190.
765.
99279.
196.
56195.
067.
4741Ireland3'978.
91'955.
049.
133'500.
087.
961'260.
031.
6742Italy54'951.
626'596.
048.
4055'918.
0101.
7618'500.
033.
6743Liechtenstein34.
319.
958.
0325.
072.
9020.
058.
3244Luxembourg451.
5360.
179.
75539.
0119.
38170.
037.
6545Monaco32.
633.
5102.
7615.
146.
2616.
049.
0846Netherlands16'285.
210'004.
061.
4312'500.
076.
768'500.
052.
1947Norway4'580.
63'268.
171.
354'163.
490.
891'583.
334.
5748Portugal10'407.
04'278.
841.
119'350.
689.
852'674.
025.
6949SanMarino27.
020.
776.
6316.
962.
5914.
553.
6350Spain40'939.
617'567.
542.
9137'506.
791.
619'789.
023.
9151Sweden8'976.
16'873.
076.
578'801.
098.
055'655.
063.
0052Switzerland7'317.
75'323.
572.
756'172.
084.
342'916.
039.
8553UnitedKingdom58'117.
234'591.
059.
5252'984.
091.
1734'400.
059.
19Western389'479.
1219'675.
056.
40333'516.
485.
63161'790.
341.
54Europe&CIS870'665.
7334'679.
038.
44475'106.
354.
57210'623.
024.
19Note:Fordatacomparabilityandcoverage,seethetechnicalnotes.
Figuresinitalicsareestimatesorrefertoyearsotherthanthosespecified.
Source:ITU.
MaintelephonelinesMobilesubscribersInternetusersEurope'stelecommunication/ICTmarketsandtrends2003/200415Table4:Europe&CIS,InternetInternetsubscribersTotalAs%oftotalCAGRTotalBitsper(000s)(000s)subscribers(%)(Mbps)inhabitant2003200320032002-2003200320031Estonia137.
379.
658.
0174.
21'600.
01'184.
32Latvia47.
019.
541.
5195.
3510.
0219.
93Lithuania161.
366.
841.
4334.
0328.
094.
7BalticStates345.
7165.
948.
0219.
22'438.
0341.
84Albania20.
0---12.
03.
95Bosnia87.
00.
20.
2100.
0……6Bulgaria6.
2---189.
025.
27Croatia600.
0………180.
041.
28Cyprus57.
210.
017.
5170.
7245.
0330.
49CzechRepublic2'148.
634.
71.
6226.
722'206.
02'189.
110Hungary673.
7264.
339.
2237.
110'000.
0967.
711Malta76.
822.
729.
6128.
6310.
0775.
012Poland2'727.
3193.
87.
1159.
26'316.
0163.
613Romania906.
439.
34.
3248.
72'484.
0114.
314SerbiaandMontenegro335.
0………10.
00.
915SlovakRepublic182.
1………9'931.
01'846.
916Slovenia240.
558.
024.
1102.
22'510.
01'256.
917TFYRMacedonia…………50.
024.
218Turkey1'000.
0199.
319.
9940.
02'200.
031.
1CEE9'060.
9822.
410.
4217.
656'643.
0301.
719Armenia70.
00.
010.
01125.
028.
07.
420Azerbaijan50.
0………2.
10.
321Belarus22.
70.
10.
5615.
0200.
020.
322Georgia4.
11.
434.
4153.
3……23Kazakhstan…………48.
03.
024Kyrgyzstan6.
5---19.
33.
725Moldova16.
50.
63.
6142.
879.
222.
026Russia1'890.
511.
00.
6100.
08'967.
361.
227Tajikistan0.
50.
02.
2…2.
00.
328Turkmenistan2.
229Ukraine…………314.
16.
530Uzbekistan37.
42.
87.
4…32.
01.
2CIS2'100.
315.
90.
8106.
39'692.
035.
531Andorra6.
33.
657.
1313.
7188.
02'232.
832Austria1'300.
0619.
047.
6114.
736'076.
04'479.
833Belgium1'909.
11'135.
059.
5130.
684'024.
18'113.
734Denmark2'717.
8716.
926.
4162.
7109'204.
020'319.
835Finland1'319.
1491.
137.
2179.
616'587.
03'185.
536France10'524.
73'500.
033.
3208.
0200'000.
03'353.
637Germany23'000.
04'560.
019.
8142.
3260'667.
83'158.
238Greece560.
010.
51.
9…2'446.
2222.
039Guernsey40Iceland50.
010.
4…43.
068.
0236.
141Ireland1'200.
041.
83.
5394.
313'501.
03'434.
542Italy17'000.
02'200.
012.
9258.
8119'794.
02'180.
043Liechtenstein14.
01.
4…100.
0……44Luxembourg107.
615.
414.
3269.
51'469.
03'293.
745Monaco6.
84.
9……100.
03'067.
546Netherlands5'000.
01'628.
032.
6…50'000.
03'070.
347Norway1'278.
1385.
030.
1187.
522'696.
14'985.
748Portugal7'211.
2503.
17.
0193.
94'019.
0388.
949SanMarino3.
50.
617.
1…4.
0148.
150Spain5'217.
52'202.
042.
2176.
546'554.
01'144.
351Sweden3'211.
0967.
530.
1135.
194'896.
010'611.
252Switzerland2'713.
1703.
025.
9154.
465'827.
39'040.
653UnitedKingdom13'100.
01'821.
013.
9100.
0319'663.
35'410.
0Western97'449.
821'520.
122.
1150.
61'447'784.
819'223.
8Europe&CIS108'956.
622'524.
320.
9153.
21'516'557.
81'768.
9Note:Figuresinitalicsareestimatesorrefertoyearsotherthanthosespecified.
Source:ITU.
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