pantaesetnod32id

QuenyaReverseWordlistaa(1)vocativeparticle"O"inavanimar"Obeautifulones"(LotR3:VIch.
6,translatedinLetters:308)aa(2)"and",avariantofaroccurringinF韗iel'sSong(thatalsohasar;aseemstobeusedbeforewordsinf-,butitisnotknownwhetherthisideaisvalidinmatureQuenya)aa(3),also,imperativeparticle:alaita,laitate!
"[o]blessthem,blessthem!
",valaManw!
"mayManworderit!
",literally*"oruleManw!
"(seelaita,valaforreference)aa-(1)prefixoccurringinthewordAtalante,saidtodenote"complete".
Probablyjustaprefixedstemvowel;cf.
AN罵,saidtobederivedfromNAR.
(TAL罷)aa-(2)aprefixoccurringintheMarkiryapoem(Tolkienfirstusedna-,thenchangedit).
Itisprefixedtoverbalstemsfollowingawordthatistheobjectofsense-verbslike"see"and"hear"anddescribeswhattheobjectisdoing,asinmancenuvalumborahosta[](changedfromna-hosta),"whoshallseethecloudsgather"(hosta="gather").
abloolba"branch"(PM:340;theform*olvamaybemorefrequent;olbacanonlyoccurintheQuenyavariantthatuseslbforlv.
TheEtymologies,stemG覮OB,hasolwa.
Seealsoolvar.
)abmaamba"up,upwards"(adv.
)(AM2(UNU))abmallamba"tongue"(physicaltongue,whilelamb="language")(WJ:394,LAB)abmannamba"ahammer"(NDAM),verbnamba-"tohammer"(NDAM)abmarramba"wall"(RAM,SA)abmarulI#Ilurambapl.
Ilurambar"WallsoftheWorld"(IL,RAMB)abmattamba-"toknock,keeponknocking"(TAM)abmellemba"leftbehind"(LEB/LEM)abmihhimba"adhering,sticking"(KHIM)abmillimba"adrop"(LIB1)abmirrimba"frequent,numerous"(RIM)abmollomba"secret"(LT1:255)abmorromba"horn,trumpet"(ROM)abmuttumba"deepvalley"(Letters:308;SA:tumandTUBgivestumbo"valley,deepvalley");apparentlyanextendedform*tumbalintumbalemorna"deepvalleyblack"or(accordingtoSA:tum)"blackdeepvalley",alsotumbaletaur隺"deepvalleyforested";seeTaurelil髆隺-tumbalemorna.
.
.
醕c("k")"jaw"(GL:37;latersourcesgiveanca)acahhaca-"squat"(GL:47)ac醡m醕a"each,every"(GL:41)acappaca("k")"pavedfloor,court"(GL:63)ac醨r醕a("k")"wolf"(DAR罧)acarannaraca("k")"harsh,rending,violent"(N罵AK)acatap#pataca"consonant"(onlypl.
patacar["k"]isattested)(VT39:8)accahhacca"buttocks,hams"(GL:47)accuippiucca"berry"(GL:64)accurattarucca("k")"horned"(LT2:347)acehheca!
("k")"begone!
standaside!
",alsowithpronominalsuffixeshecatsg.
andhecalpl.
(WJ:364)ac閚n閏a("k")"pale,vague,faint,dimtosee",pl.
n閏("k")inMarkiryaaciaaica(1)("k")"sharp"(AYAK)or"fell,terrible,dire"(PM:347;accordingtoPM:363seldomappliedtoevilthings).
InAican醨o,q.
v.
aciaaica(2)("k")"broad,vast"(LT2:338-thisearly"Qenya"formisprobablyobsoletedby#1above)aciaffaica("k")"contemptible,mean"(SPAY)aciallaica(1)("k")"keen,piercing"(LT2:337)aciallaica(2)"green"(butallothersourcesgivelaiqua)(Letters:283)acialatsaLLastalaica("k")"sharp-ears"(name)(LAS2)aciammaica("maika")"sharp,piercing"(SA:maeg),alsonounmaica("k")"bladeofacuttingtoolorweapon,especiallysword-blade"(VT39:11)aciarraica("k")"crooked,bent,wrong"(R罽AK,VT39:7),pl.
raicarinLR:47(read*raicinmatureQuenya)ac韑ilca-("k")"gleam(white)",participleilcalawithpl.
allativeendingilcalannarinMarkirya(axorilcalannar"onbonesgleaming")aciommoica("k")"gentle,soft"(GL:58)acioppoica("k")"clean,pure"(POY)aciossoica("k")"thirsty"(VT39:11)ac韕p韈a-("k")"lessen,dwindle,waning";participlep韈ala"waning"(withlocativeending:p韈alass)inMarkiryaacippica("k")"smallspot,dot"(PIK)aclaalca("k")"rayoflight"(AKLA-R)aclawnnwalca("k")"cruel"(袵WAL;thismustrepresentearlier*駑alca=*ngwalca;theseformsarenotgiveninEtym,butcomparenwalm.
InTengwarwriting,theinitialNWwouldberepresentedbytheletternwalm.
)aclehhelca("helka")"icy,icecold"(misprint"helk"intheEtymologies,stemKHELEK;boththeSilmarillionAppendixandLT1:254havehelka)aclevvelca("k")"flame"(LT1:260;n醨,n醨wouldbethenormalwordinmatureQuenya)acleyttyelca("k")"swift,agile"(KYELEK),"hasty"(PM:353)aclimmilca("k")"greedy"(MIL-IK)aclussulca("k")"root"(especiallyasedible)(S贚UK)acluttulca(1)("k")"firm,strong,immovable,steadfast"(TULUK).
Early"Qenya"alsohasaverbtulca-("k")"fix,setup,establish"(LT1:270);thiswordmaystillbevalidinmatureQuenya.
acluttulca(2)("k")"yellow".
AdoptedandadaptedfromValarin.
(WJ:399)acnaanca"jaws,rowofteeth"(罭AK[therespeltanca],NAK[therespeltanka],AppendixE,SA-despitewhatChristopherTolkiensaysintheentryancainSA,theQuenyawordancaassuchdoesNOTappearintheSindarindragon-nameAncalagon,butitsSindarincognateancdoes.
See罭AKintheEtymologies.
)Alsonameoftengwa15(AppendixE).
DespiteitsEnglishgloss,ancaisasingularword(inEtymtheglossisindeed"jaw",not"jaws").
acnammanca-("k")"trade"(MBAKH)acnassanca()("k")"cleft,split"(STAK)acnattanca("k")"firm,fixed,sure"(TAK)acnel*lenca("k")(2)-seeleukaacnellenca("k")(1)"slow"(LT2:34)acnuunca-("k")"hollowout"(UNUK)acnuluttulunca("k")"steady,firm"(LT1:270;inmatureQuenyatulca)acraccarca"tooth"(KARAK)or"fang"(SA:carak-).
Whenreferringtoanormaltooth,notnecessarilysharp,thewordneletisprobablytobepreferred.
Cf.
pl.
carcar("karkar")inMarkirya,theretranslated"rocks",evidentlyreferringtosharprocks.
Alreadytheearly"QenyaLexicon"hascarca("k")"fang,tooth,tusk"(LT2:344).
Collectivecarcan,q.
v.
acrallarca("k")"swift,rapid"(LAK2)acralaalarca("k")swift,rapid"(LAK2)acrapparca("k")"dry"(P罵AK)acrattarca("k")"horn"(TAR罧)acreerca("k")"prickle,spine";verberca-("k")"toprick"(ER蒏)acrem[merca("k")"wild"(MER蒏)]acrevverca("k")"wild"(BER蒏)acriccirca("k")"sickle"(KIRIK)acricalaVValacirca"SickleoftheGods",anameoftheGreatBear(BigDipper)constellation(SA:val-,MR:388,KIRIK,OT/OTOS/OTOK)acsiisca("k")"pale"(LT1:256)acuaccauca("k")"crooked"(LT1:257;cf.
cawin)acuaffauca("k")"thirsty"(PHAU)acuallauca("k")"warm"(LAW)acuannauca("k")"stunted"(VT39:7),adjectiveespeciallyappliedtothingsthatthoughinthemselvesfull-grownweresmallerorshorterthantheirkind,andwerehard,twistedorill-shapen(WJ:413)Inearly"Qenya",naucawasthenoun"dwarf"(LT1:261),butthisisinmatureQuenyanauco.
acuaraarauca("k")"swift,rushing"(LT2:347)acuelleuca("k")(2)(probablyamisreadingfor*lenca)"loose,slacken"(LEK)acuelleuca(1)"snake"(AppendixE)acuittiuca("k")"thick,fat"(TIW)adl-lda"your"(sg.
),possessivesuffixattestedonlyinthephraseArwenvanimalda"Arwenyourbeauty",sc.
"ObeautifulArwen",andinmeletyalda"yourmajesty"(WJ:369)ArwenvanimaldawaschangedtoArwenvanimeldainthesecondeditionofLotR,soTolkienmayhavedecidedtore-interpretthephraseas*"Arwen,beautifulElf(Elda)".
Theendingfor"your"appearas-lyaelsewhere;-ldamaybeusedinvocativesonly.
(LotR1:IIch.
6)adlaalda"tree"(GALAD,G罫AD,SA,Nam,RGEO:66,LR:41,SD:302,LT1:249,340,VT39:7),alsonameoftengwa28(AppendixE).
Pl.
aldarinNarqelion;gen.
pl.
aldaron"oftrees"inNam醨i.
Etymologyofalda,seeLetters:426.
adlahhalda"veiled,hidden,shadowed,shady"(opposedtohelda"strippedbare")(SKAL1)adlammalda"gold"(asmetal-butLotRgivesmalta,q.
v.
)(SMAL)adlaminavvanimalda*"yourbeautiful";Arwenvanimalda"Arwenyourbeauty=beautifulArwen"(WJ:369;TolkienemendedvanimaldatovanimeldainthesecondeditionofLotR;seeundervanima)adlamis鞱#N韘imaldapl.
N韘imaldar"Flagranttrees",aregioninN鷐enor(UT:167;evidently#n韘ima"flagrant",attestedhereonly,+aldar"trees").
adlamulucculumaldaakindoftree(evidentlyorange-tree,culuma+alda)(SA:mal-)adlannalda"valley"usedasanadjective(LT1:261)adlaravallavaralda(changedfromlavarin)somekindoftree(alda)(LR:57)adlavvalda"worth,worthy,dear"(GL:23)adlayteleMnarAAranMeletyalda"kingyourmighty"="yourmajesty"(WJ:369).
adlaytelemmeletyalda"yourmighty"="yourmajesty"(see-lda;#meletya=*"mighty").
InfullAranMeletyalda"kingyourmighty"(WJ:369)adleelda1.
adj.
"ofthestars",2.
noun(Elda)=oneofthepeopleoftheStars,high-elf(SA:阬,elen,ELED,蒐ED;notethatTolkienabandonedaformeretymologywith"depart"),chieflyintheplEldar(WJ:362,cf.
GAT(H),TELES).
Gen.
pl.
Eldaron(WJ:368,PM:395,402);dativepl.
eldain"forelves",forEldar(FS);possessivesg.
Eldava"Elf's"(WJ:407);possessivepl.
Eldaiva(WJ:368),Eldaivgoverningapluralword(WJ:369).
ThewordEldarproperlyreferstothenon-AvariElvesonly,butsinceEldarrarelyhadanycontactwiththeAvari,itcouldbeusedfor"elves"ingeneral(inLT1:251,Eldaissimplyglossed"Elf").
adlehhelda"naked,strippedbare"(SKEL,SKAL1)adlemmelda"beloved"(MEL);meldielto"theyarebeloved"(sc.
meld[a]-i-lto"beloved-are-they"-boththestativeverbending-i"is/are"andtheending-lto"they"maybeobsoleteinmatureQuenya)(FS)adlemassennessamelda"Nessa-beloved",nameofatree(UT:167)adlereP#Pereldapl.
Pereldar"Half-elven"(=SindarinPeredhil)(Letters:282),intheEtymologiesusedoftheDanasorNandor(PER).
adlesselda(meaningnotclear,perhapsthefeminineformofseld"child",hence*"girl")(SEL-D)adlettelda(1)"last,final"(WJ:407)adlettelda(2)"havingaroof"(LT1:268,LT2:348;this"Qenya"wordisevidentlyobsoletedby#1above)adley[yelda]"friendly,dearasfriend"(YEL,struckout)adlinnilda"friendly,loving"(NIL/NDIL)adloppolda"strong,burly"(POL/POLOD)adlucculda("k")"flame-coloured,golden-red"(KUL)adlunnulda"secret"(DUL)adluyyulda"draught",pl.
yuldar(Nam,RGEO:66)adnaanda"long"(adj.
)(罭AD/ANDA).
adnahhanda"understanding,intelligent"(KHAN)adnallanda"wide"(LAD)adnamagnAAngamanda"Iron-gaol",SindarinAngband;seeAngamando.
adnannanda"water-mead,wateredplain"(NAD)adnannanda-toharp"(袵AN/袵罭AD)adnappanda"enclosure"(PAD)adnarranda"cycle,age"(100ValianYears)(RAD)adnassanda()"firm,true,abiding"(STAN)adnavvanda"oath,pledge,solemnpromise"(CO)adnawgnettengwanda"alphabet"(TEK)adnayhhyanda"blade,share"(LT2:342)adnecutallatucenda("k")"oftin"(LT1:268)adneffenda"threshold"(PHEN)adnemunnumenda-"getlow(oftheSun)"(alson鷐eta-)(LT1:263;inmatureQuenyan鷗a-)adnen[nenda](2)"sloping"(DEN,struckout)adnennenda(1)"watery,wet"(NEN)adneppenda"slopingdown,inclined"(PEN/P蒒ED)adnepabmaambapenda"uphill"(adj.
)(AM2)adnepmaampenda"uphill"(adj.
)(AM2)adnessenda"resting,atpeace"(SED)adniffinda"havinghair,-haired"(thegloss"-haired"evidentlymeansthatfindamaybeusedincompounds,like*carnifinda"red-haired")(PM:340)adnillinda"fair,beautiful"(SLIN,LIND)adniLLindapl.
Lindar"Singers",whattheTelericalledthemselves(WJ:380,MR:349,UT:253).
ItseemsthatLindarisalsointerpreted"theBeautiful"(cf.
linda"fair,beautiful"),butthisinterpretationseemstobelongprimarilytoTolkien'searlierconception,whenLindarwasthenameoftheFirstClan,thelaterVanyar(whichnamesimilarlymeans"theFair").
Adj.
Lindarin=Telerin(butTolkienfirstheldittobe=Vanyarin,sincetheFirstClan,thelaterVanyar,wereforawhilecalledLindar-beforeTolkiendecidedtoapplythisnametothethirdclan,theTeleri)(T/TA3)adnilapaccapalinda("k")"springofwater"(LT1:257;ehtelistobepreferredinmatureQuenya)adnilutnillintulinda,lintulindova*"many-swift-"(Narqelion)adnimminda"prominent,conspicuous"(MINI)adnirrinda"circular"(RIN)adnissinda()"grey";nominalpl.
Sindarused="Grey-elves",lit.
*"Greyones";seeWJ:375.
Gen.
pl.
SindaroninWJ:369.
Withgeneralmeaning"grey"alsoinSindacollo>Singollo"Grey-cloak,Thingol"(SA:thin(d);seealsosind,Sindicollo);sindan髍i"greyland",ablativesindan髍iello"from/outofagreycountry"(Nam).
However,othersourcesgivesind(q.
v.
)astheQuenyawordfor"grey";perhapssindacametomeanprimarily"Grey-elf"asanoun.
DerivedadjectiveSindarin"Grey-elven",normallyusedoftheGrey-elvenlanguage.
(AppendixF)adnittinda(1)"glinting,silver"(adj.
)(TIN)adnittinda(2)"spike"(LT1:258;probablyobsoletedby#1above)adniwwinda"woof"(LT1:254)adnohacnissincahonda"flint-hearted"(LotR3:VIch.
6)adnorovvoronda"steadfastinallegiance,inkeepingoathorpromise,faithful",usedasatitleofElendilVoronda"ElendiltheFaithful";genitiveVorondoinCO.
Onlyglossed"faithful"inLT1:250.
adnumadnaandamunda"elephant"(MBUD)adnurrunda"roughpieceofwood"(RUD)adnuttunda-"kindle"(LT1:270;rathertinta-inmatureQuenya)adnuttunda"tall"(TUN)adraarda"realm"(GARunder3AR);Arda"theRealm",nameoftheEarthasthekingdomofArda(Silm).
Itissaidthatarda"meantanymoreorlessboundedordefinedplace,aregion"(WJ:402cf.
413),oncetranslated"Earth"(SD:246).
Alsonameoftengwa26(AppendixE).
adrahharda(notglossed,evidentlyavariantofarda"realm")(EN)adrannarda"knot"(SNAR)adranelEElenarda"Star-kingdom",uppersky(3AR)adrassarda"hard"(VT39:17);pl.
sard"hards"maybeusedinthesamesenseassardatengwi,q.
v.
(Asanindependentformwewouldratherexpectanominalpl.
sardar.
)adratnEEntarda"ThitherLands,Middle-earth,OuterLands,East"(seenfromAman)(EN)adraVVarda"theSublime",nameofaVali,spouseofManw(BARATH,BAR罝,WJ:402;inLetters:282Vardaistranslatedthe"Lofty"),theQueenoftheValar,spouseofManw,calledElberethinSindarin;genitiveVardo(for*Vardao).
(Nam,RGEO:66).
Vardamirmasc.
name,*"Varda-jewel"(AppendixA);vardarianna"Varda-gift",nameofatree(buttherielementisobscure)(UT:167)adreerda"solitary,deserted"(LT1:269)adroccorda("k")"temple"(LT1:257)adrollorda"drowsy,slumbrous"(LT1:259)ae隺("e")"is"(CO),inamoreabsolutesense("exists",VT39:7)thanthecopulan.
E"itis"or"letitbe",usedasanounfor"AllCreation",theuniverse(WJ:402;Letters:284,footnote),butthistermfortheuniverse"wasnotheldtoinclude[souls]andspirits"(VT39:20).
Early"Qenya"alsohasaword隺"eagle"(LT1:251,LT2:338),butthisiscertainlyobsoletedbysoron,sorninmatureQuenya.
aedlaald隺"tree-shadowed"(LT1:249)aedlAAld隺whattheN鷐en髍eanscalledthefourthdayoftheEldarinsix-dayweek;seeAld鷜a.
aedne#end隺adj.
"middle"inatend隺,q.
v.
aednecurippirucend隺("k")"whirlinglightly"(MC:215;thisis"Qenya")aednetaatend隺"double-middle",nameofthetwoenderiormiddle-daysthatoccurredinleap-yearsaccordingtothecalendarofImladris(AppendixD,firsteditionofLotR)aelatneuqem鷏l鷐equental隺("q")"historical"(LU)aeleciannaicel隺("k")"painful"(N罽AK)aelednillindel隺"melodious"(LT1:258)aeliammail隺"lustful"(MIL-IK)ael鷏隺"pouring,flooding,flowing"(ULU)aem#髆隺"vowel"(onlypl.
髆隺rattested);thisreferstovowelsconsideredasindependentphonemes,accordingtoF隺nor'snewinsightsonphonemics.
Also#髆a-tengw.
(VT39:8)aem髄*l髆隺"gloomy"inL髆隺nor"Gloomyland";seeTaurelil髆隺-tumbalemorna.
.
.
aemrummurm隺"slumbrous"(LT1:261)aem鷐隺"evil"(UGU/UMU).
Isthisconnectedto鷐隺iinNarqelion,perhapsa"Qenya"pluralformaem鷏ayyal鷐隺"olden"(YA)aem鷑n鷐隺"intheWest"(actuallyanadjective*"western",matureQuenyan鷐enya)(LT1:263)aem鷕eer鷐隺"outer,outermost"(LT1:262)aenn隺anoptativeformoftheverbna-"tobe"(n隺=matureQuenyanai).
yaraton隺*"whichsoonmay(it)be"=*"whichIhopewillbesoon"(Arct)aenav鷙an隺"withoutbeauty"(VT39:14)aenrodnillindorn隺"havingmanyoak-trees"(adj.
)(D覴ON,LI)aer醘f醨隺"enough";uf醨隺"notenough"(FS).
Etymhasfar隺"enough,sufficient"(PHAR)aer醘uuf醨隺"notenough"(FS).
Cf.
-"un-"andf醨隺"enough,sufficient"(read*鷉醨隺)aer醡laalm醨隺"blessed"(GALA)aer醳y醨隺"olden"(YA)aereletteler隺adj.
correspondingtoTeler(LT1:267;perhapsratherTelerininmatureQuenya)aerioccoir隺"living"(glossed"alive"inLT1:257),coir隺quenya"livingspeech"(PM:399)aer髍隺"ofthedawn,Eastern"(LT1:264)aer骴loPPold髍隺"Valiant";astitleofTulkasreplacedbyAstaldo(POL/POLOD,MR:146,149);pold髍隺isglossed"mighty"inGL:64.
aer骴nillind髍隺(Narqelion)aer髄ool髍隺"dreamy"(LT1:259-replacedbyolosta,UT:396)aeruaccaur隺("k")"timid"(LT1:257)aeruallaur隺"golden,likegold",pl.
lauri(Nam,RGEO:66).
aeruama哸maur隺"dawn,earlyday"(poeticword)(Markirya)aeruat#taur隺"forested"inTumbaletaur隺,seeTaurelil髆隺-tumbalemorna.
.
.
aer鷏l鷕隺"dark,overcast"(LT1:259)aer鷓p鷕隺"smeared,discoloured"(Markirya)aesaas隺seeas隺aranionaessallillillass隺"havingmanyleaves",pl.
lillassiinMarkirya(vetaurilillassi,lit.
*"likemany-leavedforests",istranslated"likeleavesofforests"inMC:215)aessamiaccaimass隺("k")"bedridden,sick"(KAY)aesseess隺"primary"(glossnotcertainlylegible);readprobably*yess隺inmatureQuenya;seeesta.
(ESE/ESET)aessereeress隺"lonely"(ERE,LT1:269).
Eress隺"Lonely(One)",oftenusedbyitselfforTolEress隺,theLonelyIsle(Silm).
Inearly"Qenya",eresswasanadjectiveoradverb:"singly,only,alone"(LT1:269),butinmatureQuenyaitisanoun.
aesserEloTTolEress隺"LonelyIsle"(LONO,Silm),alsospeltTol-Eress隺(ERE),Tol-eress隺(TOL2)aessuluytnillintyuluss隺"havingmanypoplars"(LI)aett隺"indicates"(evidentlyapresent-tensestem)(VT39:6)aetnalataatalant隺"ruinous,downfallen",pl.
atalantiinMarkirya(changedtosg.
atalant隺-thischangedoesnotmakesense,sincetheadjectiveundoubtedlymodifiesapluralnoun).
aetonuunot隺,alsounot(read*鷑ot隺,*鷑ot)"notcounted,uncounted"(VT39:14)aeuqnineinnieninqu隺("q")adj.
"snowdrop-like"(MC:215)aevv隺(1)"adult,manly,vigorous"(WEG)aevv隺(2)"sea"(MC:213,214,216;thisis"Qenya"andcertainlyobsoletedby#1above;use隺rinmatureQuenya).
Inflectedv隺n"sea"(MC:220),v隺r"insea"(a"Qenya"locativein-r,MC:213),v隺ss"onsea"(MC:220).
Cf.
alsov隺cirya.
aev醤#n醰隺"consonant"(onlypl.
n醰隺r[""]isattested)(VT39:8)aev醨r醰隺"roaring"(adj.
)(Markirya)aeviuccuiv隺("k")"wakening"(adj)(KUY).
aevleelv隺"starlike,likestars",pl.
elviinMarkiryaaev鷙隺"abundant,inverygreatnumber,verylarge"(UB)aewgnennengw隺"nasal"(NE-WI)agnaanga"iron",alsonameoftengwa7(ANG,AppendixE,SA,PM:347,LT1:249,268)agnaffanga"beard"(SP罭AG)agnafadnA#Andafangapl.
Andafangar"Longbeards",oneofthetribesoftheDwarves(=KhuzdulSigin-tar鈍andSindarinAnfangrim)(PM:320)agnarranga(pl.
rangarisattested)"yard,fullpace".
ThisN鷐en髍eanlinarmeasurewas"slightlylongerthanouryard,approximately38inches[=96.
5cm]".
(UT:285,461)agnassanga()"crowd,press,throng"(STAG,SA:thang,LT2:342;pl.
sangar()twiceinNarqelion).
InSangahyando()"Throng-cleaver",nameofamaninGondor(SA:thang;afootnoteinLetters:425explainsthat"throng"heremeansacloselyformedbodyofenemysoldiers.
IntheEtymologies,stemsSTAG,SYAD,sangahyandoissaidtobeaswordname,andLT2:342likewisedefinesthewordasanameofTurambar'ssword:"cleaverofthrongs,Throng-cleaver".
agnavvanga"beard"(LT2:344,GL:21;inmatureQuenyafanga)agnayyanga-"toyawn"(YAG)agneenga"save"(=except)(FS)agneppenga-"pout"(VT39:11)agniinga"top,highestpoint"(PM:340),alsoadj.
"first"(ING)agnillinga-"hang,dangle"(LING/GLING)agnirringa"cold"(Markirya);theEtymologiesgivesring(RINGI),butitseemsthatringaistobepreferred.
Inearly"Qenya",ringaisglossed"damp,cold,chilly"(LT1:265)agniriffiringa"carcanet,necklace"(LT2:346,GL:36)agnittinga-(notglossed,evidentlymeaning*"totwang,makeatwang")(TING/TANG)agniuqquinga("q")"bow"(forshooting)(KWIG,LT1:256)agniuquliiluquinga("q")"rainbow"(LT2:348)agniwwinga"foam,spray"(Markirya).
Alsowing.
agnullunga"heavy"(LUG1)agnuttunga"taut,tight"(ofstrings:)"resonant"(TUG)ahaaha"rage",alsonameoftengwa11,earliercalledharma(AppendixE)ai[ia"ever"(GEY,EY);replacedbyoia.
]aiaccEEkkaianameoftheouterocean:for*et-gaya(Silm)aiaMMaiapl.
Maiar"theBeautiful"(MR:49),thelesser(=non-Vala)AinurthatenteredE.
VariantM醳arinPM:363,364(isthistobeunderstoodastheolderform)aiavvaiavaia"envelope",especiallyoftheOuterSeaorAirenfoldingtheworldwithintheIlurambarorworld-walls(WAY)(alsovaiya,waiya)aillia"finethread,spiderfilament"(SLIG).
Cf.
lia"twine"(LT1:271)ailacuttucalia("k")(Narqelion)aiooia"everlasting"(OY)aiuttuia-"sprout,spring"(Tolkien'sglossisactually"sprouts,springs",sincethisisalsothe3.
pers.
sg.
presenttense)(TUY)醠l"no,not"(LA)alaala"after,beyond"(MC:221,214;matureQuenyahaspella"beyond"andevidently#apa"after")alaala-(prefix)"not"(GALA);evidentlyinAlamanyaralaccala("k")"light"(noun,KAL).
Concerningthe"Qenya"verbcala-,seecal.
alac醜h醕ala("k")"yawning",aparticipleoccurringintheMarkiryapoem,derivedfroman(otherwiseunattested)verb#h醕a-"yawn".
alae隺la"being,spirit"(pl.
隺larisattested),spiritswhosenaturalstateitistoexistwithoutaphysicalbody,likeBalrogs(MR:165)alahhala"(small)fish"(KHAL1,SKAL2)alallala"noindeednot,onthecontrary"("alsousedforaskingincredulousquestions")(LA)alallala-(1)"laugh"(PM:359)alallala-(2)"todeny"(LA)alaVVala"Power,God,angelicpower",pl.
ValarorVali(BAL,AppendixE,LT2:348).
TheValarareagroupofimmenselypowerfulspiritsguardingtheworldonbehalfofitsCreator;theyaresometimescalledGods,thoughthisisstrictlywrongaccordingtoChristianterminology:theValarwerecreated.
Thenounvalaisalsothenameoftengwa22(AppendixE).
Gen.
pl.
Valion"oftheValar"(FS);thisformshowsthepl.
Vali,(irregular)alternativetoValar(thegen.
pl.
couldcertainlybe*Valaronaswell).
Pl.
allativevalannar*"to/ontheValar"(LR:47,56;SD:246).
Valaisproperlyaverb"haspower"(sc.
overthematterofE),alsousedasanoun"aPower"(WJ:403).
Theverbvala-"rule,order",usedwithreferencetotheValaronly,isattestedonlyinthesentencesvalaManw!
"mayManworderit!
"andValarvaluvar"thewilloftheValarwillbedone"(WJ:404).
However,TolkiendidnotassociatethewordValarwithpowerfromthebeginning;itapparentlymeant"thehappyones"inTolkien'soriginalconception;cf.
valto,vald-(LT2:348)alav鷏iil鷙ala"omnipotent"(VT39:20)aleela!
"behold!
"(directingsighttoanactuallyvisibleobject)(WJ:362)al閙m閘a"loving,affectionate"(VT39:10)al関v閘a"see"(Arct);present/continuativetenseofaverbalstem#vel-aliaccaila("k")"lyinginbed,sickness"(KAY)aliaffaila"fair-minded,just,generous"(PM:352)al韘issis韑a-issaidtobethe"frequentative"formofsil-(MC:223);theparticiplesis韑alainMarkiryaissimplytranslated"shining".
alitiitila"twinkling,glinting"alitnalallalantila(Narqelion)alitnittintila-"twinkle",presentpl.
tintilar(Nam,RGEO:67)allahhalla"tall"(AppendixE,footnote)allannalla(Narqelion)allappalla"wide,expansive"(PAL)allatepmissimpetalla(Narqelion)allelettelellaadj.
correspondingtoTelell(LT1:267)allem鷉f鷐ella"poppy"(alsof鷐ellot)(LT1:253)alleppella"beyond",apparentlyapostpositionratherthanapreposition:And鷑pella"beyondtheWest",elenillorpella"frombeyondthestars"(Nam,RGEO:66,Markirya)allettella"hindmost,last"(TELES)allezeezella,ezel"green"(inVanyarinQuenyaonly).
AdoptedandadaptedfromValarin.
(WJ:399)allirammarilla"pearl"(LT1:265)allirillirilla"lay,song"(LT1:258)allirissirilla(Narqelion)alloccolla"borne,worn"(pastparticipleofcol-"bear");alsousedasanoun="vestment,cloak"(MR:385).
Variantformcollo"cloak"(SA:thin(d))inthenameSindicollo(q.
v.
),sc.
collawithamasculineending.
allunnulla"dark,dusky,obscure"(NDUL),"secret"(DUL)al髄a-"todream"(saidtobe"impersonal",probablymeaningthatthedreamerismentionedinthedativeratherthanthenominative)(UT:396)al髇n髄a("")(1)"wise,learned"(袵OL)(notethatthisandthenextn髄awouldbespeltdifferentlyinTengwarwriting,andoriginallytheywerealsopronounceddifferently,sincen髄a"wise,learned"was耋lainFirstAgeQuenya).
al髇n髄a(2)"roundhead,knoll"(NDOL)alostootsola"week"(evidentlyreferringtoaweekofsevendayslikeourown,sinceotso=seven).
(GL:62)al髖hhy髄a"trump"(SD:419)alumluulmula"mumbling"(MC:214;thisis"Qenya")al鷜y鷏a"ember,smoulderingwood"(YUL)醡m"hand"(MA3,LT2:339,Narqelion),dual*m醫"apairofhands"attestedwithapronominalsuffix:m醨yat"his/her(pairof)hands"(see-rya,-t)(Nam,RGEO:67),pl.
allativemannar"intohands"(FS).
Cf.
-mait"-handed".
amaamanotglossed,evidentlymeaning"up"liketheprefixam-(UNU)am醠l醡a"ringingsound,echo"(LAM)am醠lannall醡a,nallama"echo"(LAM)am醡m醡a"sheep"(WJ:395)amarrama-"toshout"(LT1:259)am醨r醡a"wing",pl.
r醡ar(RAM,Nam,RGEO:66,LT2:335);Markiryahasbothnominativepl.
r醡ar"wings"andinstrumentalpl.
r醡ainen*"withwings"(translated"onwings"byTolkien);r醡ali"wings"inMC:213wouldbeapartitivepl.
inmatureQuenya.
Variantr醡inthenamesE鋜r醡,Alquar醡,q.
v.
am醩s醡a"mind"(pl.
s醡arisgiven)(VT39:23)am閠t閙a"row,series,line"(pl.
t閙arattested)(TE,AppendixE)am閠amlaccalmat閙a"k-series",velarseries:thethirdcolumnoftheTengwarsystem(AppendixE)am閠amrapparmat閙a"p-series",labials,thesecondcolumnoftheTengwarsystem(AppendixE).
am閠epleyttyelpet閙a"palatalseries"(AppendixE)am閠esseuqquesset閙a"qu-series",velarizedseries:fourthcolumnoftheTengwarsystem(AppendixE)am閠ocnittincot閙a"t-series",dentalseries,firstcolumnoftheTengwarsystem(AppendixE)ami-imaadjectivalsuffix.
Sometimesitisusedtoderivesimpleadjectives,likevanima"fair"orcalima"bright";itcanalsotakeonthemeaning"-able",asin鷔u閠ima"unspeakable"(fromquet-"speak").
Notethatthestem-vowelislengthenedinthederivativeswhere-imameans"-able").
"X-ima"maymean"apttoX",asinF韗imar"mortals",literally"thoseapttodie"(WJ:387)amiaccaima("k")"bed"(KAY)amiavvaima"robe"(LT1:271)amiayyaima"implement"(evidentlynoun)(GL:37)amic鷕r鷆ima("k")"terrible"(WJ:415)amilaccalima"bright";seeancalimaamilacnaancalima"mostbright,brightest",sc.
calima"bright"withasuperlativeorintensiveprefix(LotR2:IVch.
9;seeLetters:385fortranslation).
amilemmelima"loveable,fair"(MEL);MelimaranameoftheLindar(inTolkien'sformerconception=thelaterVanyar,nottheTeleri)(MEL)amileyttyelima"final"(KYEL)amiliooilima"last"(MC:213,214;thisis"Qenya"),inflectedorlengthenedformoilimain"last(pl.
)"(MC:221),oilimaisen"(MC:221),oilimaite"last"(MC:214,221)amilissilimathesubstancetheSilmarilsweremadeof,inventedbyF隺nor(SA:sil)amil骹f髄ima"secretive"(LT2:340;"Qenya"spellingf鬺ima)aminavvanima"beautiful,fair"(BAN,VT39:14)(glossed"proper,right,fair"inearly"Qenya",LT1:272);nominalpl.
vanimar"beautifulones",partitivepl.
genitivevanim醠ion,translated"ofbeautifulchildren",butliterallymeaning*"of[some]beautifulones")(LotR3:VIch.
6,translatedinLetters:308).
Arwenvanimalda"BeautifulArwen",literally"Arwenyourbeauty"(see-ldaforreference;changedtoArwenvanimeldainthesecondeditionofLotR)am韗r韒a"edge,hem,border"(R)amir醳navaavany醨ima"nottobetoldorrelated"(WJ:370)amir醳n鷑y醨ima"impossibletorecount"(becauseallthefactsarenotknown,orthetaleistolong)(WJ:370)amir韗ima"lovely,beautiful,desirable"(ID,FS),inFSalsopl.
韗imar;inthe"Qenya"ofF韗iel'sSong,adjectivesin-aformtheirpluralsin-arinsteadof-asinmatureQuenya.
amir韋f韗ima"mortal"(PHIR);F韗imapl.
F韗imar"thoseapttodie","mortals",anElvishnameofMortalMen(WJ:387);f韗imoin"formen",adativepl.
ofF韗imor,"mortals,Men",occurringinF韗iel'sSong.
TolkienlaterchangedF韗imortoF韗imar,sothedativewouldprobablybe*f韗imaininmatureQuenya.
amirimmirima"free"(MIS)amir韘s韗ima"liquid,flowing"(LT1:265)amiroccorima("k")"round"(LT1:257)amirovvorima"continual,repeated"(BOR),early"Qenya"gloss"everlasting"(LT1:250)amir髒v髍ima(moreorlessidenticaltovorimaabove)"steadfastinallegiance,inkeepingoathorpromise,faithful";genitivev髍imoinavariantofCO;seeUT:317am韗ranAAnarr韒anameofaconstellation:*"Sun-border"(Silm;cf.
LR:383,stemR)amis韓#n韘ima"flagrant",isolatedfromN韘imaldar,q.
v.
amissennessima"youthful"(NETH)amit閙m閠ima"last"(Markirya),inMarkiryaalsotwicem閠im',sincethefollowingwords(auress,and鷑)begininana.
amit閡qavaavaqu閠ima"nottobesaid,thatmustnotbesaid"(WJ:370)amit閡q鷔u閠ima"unspeakable",sc.
impossibletosay,putintowords;also"unpronounceable"(WJ:370)amit髇#鷑髏ima"numberless",onlypl.
鷑髏imattested(-n髏-im"not-count-able")(Nam,RGEO:66,AppendixE)amitsiistimaadj.
"havingknowlegde"(IS)amiuttuima"sprout,bud"(noun)(TUY)aml#-lmapronominalending"our",attested(withthegenitiveending-othatdisplacesfinal-a)inthewordomentielmo"ofourmeeting".
This"our"ispluralinclusive.
Frodo(itseems)improperlyuseditinthegreeting"astarshinesonthehourofourmeeting":SinceheandtheElfhewasspeakingtoconstitutedonlytwopersons,heshouldhaveusedthedualinclusiveinstead.
ThecorrectformomentielvooccursinsomeofthemanuscriptsoftheRedBook.
SeeLetters:447.
amlaalma"goodfortune,weal,wealth"(GALA[ALAM])amlaccalma"lamp,alight",alsonameoftengwa3(AppendixE,KAL).
Inearly"Qenya",calma("k")meant"daylight"(LT1:254;inMC:213,thewordistranslated"light").
Pluralinstrumentalcalmainen("k")"lights-by",bylights(MC:216)amlac-oviaccaivo-calma("k")"corpse-light"=corpsecandle(MC:214;thisis"Qenya":inmatureQuenyaloicol韈uma)amlaffalma"(crested/foaming)wave"(PHAL/PH罫AS);partitivepl.
allativefalmalinnar"onthefoamingwaves"inNam醨i(Nam,RGEO:67).
InFalmari,anameoftheTeleri,andMar-nu-Falmar,"Home/LandunderWaves",anameofN鷐enoraftertheDownfall.
(SA:falas)Falmari"wave-folk",anameoftheTeleri(PM:386).
-Inearlier"Qenya",falmawasglossed"foam"(LT1:253,cf.
MC:213).
Comparealsotheearly"Qenya"wordsfalmar"waveasitbreaks"(LT1:253),pl.
falmari"waves"(MC:216)amlahammahalma"throne",nominativepl.
mahalmar"thrones"andlocativepl.
mahalmasseninCO.
AdoptedandadaptedfromValarin(WJ:399)amlassalma"lyre"(LT1:265)amlattalma"base,foundation,root"(TALAM);TalmarAmbaren(place-name,*"FoundationsoftheWorld"-thisis"Qenya"withgenitivein-eninsteadof-oasinmatureQuenya)(TALAM)amlayhhyalma"shell,conch,hornofUlmo"(SYAL)amleccelma("k")"channel"(KEL)amlehhelma"skin,fell"(SKEL)amlehtthelma(辝lma)see*selmaamles*selma()"afixedidea,will"(WJ:319;onlythearchaic/Vanyarinform辝lma[thelma]isgiven)amlettelma"aconclusion,anythingusedtofinishoffaworkoraffair",oftenappliedtothelastiteminastructure,suchasacoping-stone,oratopmostpinnacle(WJ:411).
IntheEtymologies,thewordtelmaseemstomean"base"or"bottom",allativetelmannainthephrasetelmellotelmanna"fromhoodtobase,fromcrowntofoot,toptobottom".
(TEL/TELU)amleyyelma"loathing"(prob.
noun;perhapsamisreading;wewouldratherexpect*yelm)(DYEL)amleyttyelma"ending"(FS)amlIIlma"starlight"(GIL)amlirrilma"glitteringlight"(RIL)amlissilma"silver,shiningwhite"(adj.
)(SIL)amliwwilma"air,lowerair"(distinctfromthe'upper'airofthestars,orthe'outer')(WIL)amloolma"nine"(LT1:258;inmatureQuenyanert)amluttulma"bier"(LT1:270)amluyyulma(1)"cup"(Nam,RGEO:67),"drinking-vessel"(WJ:416)amluyyulma(2)"brand"(YUL).
Mayhavebeenobsoletedby#1above.
amluyttyulma"mast"(TYUL,SD:419).
"Qenya"pl.
tyulmin"masts"inMC:216;read*tyulmarinmatureQuenya.
ammallamma"sound"(noun)(LAM)am髆a"voice"(OM),"voice,resonanceofthevocalchords"(VT39:16);*髆arya"his/hervoice";genitive髆aryo"ofhis/hervoice"(Nam,RGEO:67).
Instrumentalpl.
髆ainen"withvoices"(WJ:391).
觤aalsoseemstomean"vowel",cf.
thecompounds髆ataina"vocalicextension",theadditiontothebaseafinalvowelidenticaltothestem-vowel(sund髆a)(WJ:371,417),髆atehtar"vowel-signs",signsusedforvowels(usuallycalledsimplytehtar,strictlyincludingallkindsofdiacritics)(WJ:396)am骴nussund髆a*"base-vowel"(sundo+髆a),thedeterminantvowelofa"base"orroot(ChristopherTolkiengivestheexampleKAT,whichstemhasthesund髆aA;thestemTALAThasthesund髆arepeated;inderivativeformsthesund髆amightbeplacedbeforethefirstconsonant;e.
g.
ATALAT)(WJ:319)am髍r髆a(1)"horn"(WJ:368-thisreferstoa"horn"asaninstrumentratherthanaspartofananimal;seerass,tarca)am髍r髆a(2)"loudsound,trumpet-sound"(ROM)am髍r髆a(3)"shoulder"(LT2:335;evidentlyobsoletedby#1and#2above.
)am髍alaVValar髆a"Vala-horn",Orom'shorn(Silm)amra#armapl.
armar"goods"(3AR)amrah[harma(2)"wolf"(3ARAM)]amrahharma(1)"treasure,atreasuredthing"(3AR),alsonameoftengwa11,latercalledaha(AppendixE).
amrahhwarma"crossbar"(SKWAR)amrapparma"book",alsonameoftengwa2(PAR,AppendixE).
Inearly"Qenya",theglosswas"skin,bark,parchment,book,writings"(LT2:346),butitseemsthatinmatureQuenya,parmaonlymeans"book".
amrattarma"pillar"(SA:tar);Tarmasundar"theRootsofthePillar",theslopesofMeneltarmainN鷐enor(UT:166)amratleneMMeneltarma"PillarofHeaven",nameofthegreatmountainofN鷐enor(SA:tar)amreerma"physicalmatter"(MR:338,470)amroorma"physicalmatter"(MR:218,231,471)amroc#corma"ring",isolatedfrom#cormacolindo"Ring-bearer",pl.
cormacolindor(LotR3:VIch.
4,translatedinLetters:308);Cormar"Ringday",afestivalheldonYavanni30inhonourofFrodo(AppendixD)amrohhorma"horde,host"(LT2:341)amrutturma"shield"(TUR贛)am鷆c鷐a("k")"theVoid"(KUM,(GAS))am鷆avAAvac鷐a"ExteriorVoidbeyondtheWorld"(AWA,(OY))amuc韑l韈uma("k")"taper,candle"amuenneuma"snare"(SNEW)amullettelluma"dome,copula",especiallythe"DomeofVarda"overValinor,butalsoappliedtothedomesofthemansionofManwandVardauponTaniquetil.
AdoptedfromValarindelg鹠undertheinfluenceofpureQuenyatelum(WJ:399,411).
Pl.
tellumarisattested(Nam,RGEO:66).
amulucculuma("k")"orange"(fruitnotcolour)(KUL)am鷕r鷐a-"shift,move,heave(oflargeandheavythings)";participler鷐alainMarkirya;thiswaschangedtor鷐a,evidentlythenakedverbalstemusedasparticipleam鷖s鷐a"hollowcavity,bosom";cf.
s鷐aryass"inherbosom"(s鷐a-rya-ss"bosom-her-in")inMarkiryaam鷗t鷐a"moving"(MC:214;thisis"Qenya")anna"to,towards"(N1)醤n(1)"is"(Nam,RGEO:67).
Seealsonai.
醤n(2),alson醤,"but,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand"(NDAN;theformnan,q.
v.
,isprobablytobepreferredtoavoidconfusionwithn"is").
anna-aprefixoccurringintheMarkiryapoem,changedtoa-,q.
v.
anaana-(prefix)"to,towards"(N1)an醘f醤a(2)"cloud"(SPAN).
Cf.
fanathe"veils"or"raiment"inwhichtheValarpresentedthemselvestophysicaleyes,thebodiesinwhichtheywereself-incarnated,usuallyintheshapeofthebodiesofElves(andMen)(RGEO:74)an醘f醤a,f醤(1)"white"(Markirya-f醤asasg.
forminmaybeamisreading)an醡m醤a"blessed"(FS)anammanaawordtranslated"whatis"inthesentencemanai-coimasEldaron[]"whatisthecoimas(lembas)oftheEldar"(PM:395,avariantreadinginPM:402)Eitheritis*ma"what"+n"is",ormanamayitselfbeaunitaryword"what",andthereisnotreallyanywordmeaning"is"inthesentence.
anaN#Nanapl.
Nanar"Green-elves,*Danians"(DAN)an酭R醤a"theWayward,theWanderer",anameofthemoon(MR:198,MC:221,Silm);theEtymologiesgivesRanawithashortvowel(RAN)anassana"day(24hours)"(LT1:250)anattana"that"(anaphoric)(TA)anattana-"toshow,indicate"(MR:350,385,471)(cf.
thedemonstrativetana"that")an醫t醤a(meaningunclear,probably"high,lofty,noble")(T/TA3)anaV#Vanapl.
VanarorVani=Valar(LT1:272)an酼V醤anameofaVali,thewifeofOrom(Silm,WJ:383);theEtymologiesgivesVana(BAN)an醳y醤a"holyplace,fane,sanctuary"(YAN)anayyana"that"(theformer)(YA)aneleelenaadj.
"ofthestars"(SA:阬,elen);alsoelenyaan閙m閚a"region"(MEN)an閞r閚a"edge,border,margin"(REG)an閠t閚aseet閞aan閥nny閚a-"lament"(LT1:262)aniaaina"holy"(AYAN),derivedfromAinu.
AdoptedandadaptedfromValarin.
(WJ:399,FS,SA)aniaffaina-"emitlight"(PHAY)aniagnaangaina"ofiron"(ANG)anialavvalaina"oforbelongingtotheValar,divine"(BAL)aniannaina-"lament"(NAY)aniattaina"lengthened,extended"(TAY),"stretched,elongated"(VT39:7),alsonoun"extension"inthecompound髆ataina,q.
v.
aniavvaina"clad"(LT1:272)anibmattambina"ofcopper"(LT1:250)anicar#racina"stripped,deprived";thisadj.
isonlyattestedinthepl.
(racin["k"]).
Comparer醕inaunderrac-.
Cf.
#racinatengw(onlypl.
racintengwi("k")isattested)"strippedsign","deprivedsign";inearlyElvishanalysisofQuenyathetermforaconsonantwithnofollowingvowel;thevowelwasheldtohavedisappearedorbeenomitted(VT39:6)anic鷕r鷆ina("k")"confused,shattered,disordered,ruined"inMarkirya(thefirstversionofthispoemhad"redskies",MC:215,changedto"ruinedskies"inthefinalversion;seeMC:220,note8)an韍h韓a"child",alsohinausedinthevocativetoa(young)child(alsohinya"mychild",forhinanya)(WJ:403).
Pl.
h韓i(surprisinglynot**h韓ar)inH韓iIl鷙ataro"ChildrenofIl鷙atar"(SilmarillionIndex).
anilaccalina("k")"light"(adj.
)(KAL)-butapparentlyanounincoacalina,q.
v.
anilammalina"yellow"(SMAL,Letters:308);Malinalda*"Yellow-tree",anameofLaurelin(SA:mal-;evidentlymalina+alda).
Thetranslation"TreeofGold"intheSilmarillionIndexisfree;malinameans"yellow",not"gold(en)".
Cf.
malinorn閘ion"ofyellow-trees";seelaurelind髍enanlindelorendor.
.
.
(LotR2:IIIch.
4;cf.
Letters:308).
Malinorn閘ionispartitivepl.
genitiveofmalinorn"mallorn"(UT:167,normalpl.
malinorni,UT:168).
anilucculina("k")"flame-coloured,golden-red"(KUL)an韒m韓a"desiringtostart,eagertogo",alsoverbm韓a-"desiretogoinsomedirection,towishtogotoaplace,makeforit,havesomeendinview"(VT39:11)anim醠l醡ina"echoing"(LAM)anioccoina("k")"alive"(LT1:257;inmatureQuenyacuinaistobepreferred,thoughcoinamayalsobevalid.
)anioffoina"hidden"(LT2:340)aniommoina(1)"familiar,dear"(MOY(MUY))aniommoina(2)"safe,secure"(GL:58;this"Qenya"wordisevidentlyobsoletedby#1above.
Thissecondmoinaseemstoreappearasmuina"hidden,secret"inmatureQuenya.
)aniorroina"ruddy"(ROY2)aniplettelpina"ofsilver"(KYELEP/TELEP)anipmissimpina"pipe,flute"(LT1:266)an韗r韓a"crowned"(RIG)an韗elEEler韓a"star-crowned",anameofTaniquetil(EL,RIG),speltElerr韓ainSilmanirepperina(apparentlythepastparticipleofperya-)*"dividedinmiddle,halved"(PER)an韗ewniTTinwer韓a(name)(RIG)aniriassairina"magic"(evidentlyadj.
)(GL:72)an韗relEElerr韓a"CrownedwithStars"(elen+r韓a),anameofTaniquetil(Silm);speltEler韓aintheEtymologies(EL,RIG).
aniruallaurina"golden"(LT1:258)aniruattaurina"ofwood"(T罻AR)anissina"this"(followingitsnouninoursoleexample:vandasina"thisoath").
(CO)Cf.
sin(1).
anitallatina,latin"open,free,cleared(ofland)"(LAT)anitnittintina-"sparkle"(actuallyglossed"itsparkles")(TIN)aniuccuina("k")"alive"(KUY)aniulucculuina("k")"orange"(colournotfruit)(KUL)aniummuina"hidden,secret"(MUY)aniwneenwina"old"(Markirya)anmahannahamnauntranslatedwordoccurringinLR:47(=nucumna"humbled"inSD:246,cf.
SD:290,endofnote59)anmannamna"statute";NamnaFinwM韗iello"theStatuteofFinwandM韗iel"(MR:258)anmas#samna"diphthong"(onlypl.
samnargiven)(SAM)anmassamna()"woodenpost"(STAB)anmelettelemna"ofsilver"(KYELEP/TELEP)anmeletlaTedlirIIrildTaltelemna=(mature)SindarinIdrilCelebrindal;replacedIrildTaltelepsa(KYELEP/TELEP).
TolkienmayhavereplacedIrildastheQuenyaformofIdrilwithItaril,Itarill,Itarild,q.
v.
anmuccumna("k")"empty"(KUM)anmucunnucumna("k")"humbled"(SD:246)anmullumnaadj.
"lyingheavy,burdensome,oppressive,ominous"(DUB).
anmullumna-stativeverb"beheavy"(LR:47,SD:310;cf.
lumna-"tolieheavy"intheEtymologies,stemDUB-)anmuttumna"lowlying,deep,low"(TUB);early"Qenya"glosses:"deep,profound,darkorhidden"(LT1:269,271)ann-nna"to,upon",allativeendingincilyanna,Endorenna,Elendilenna,Elenna,n鷐enna,n鷐en髍enna,r髆enna,tielyanna,q.
v.
Plural-nnarinmannar,valannar,q.
v.
annaanna"gift"(ANA1,SA),alsonameoftengwa23(AppendixE);pl.
annar"gifts"inF韗iel'sSong.
Annatar"LordofGifts,*Gift-lord",nameassumedbySauronwhenhetriedtoseducetheEldarintheSecondAge(SA:tar)annattanna"sign"(noun)(MR:385)annavaYYavanna,Yav-anna,"Fruit-giver",nameofaVali(YAB,ANA1;cf.
y醰)anneiNNienna(nameofaVali,relatedtoni=tear)(NEI)annelEElenna"Starwards",anameofN鷐enor:Elenna-n髍*"Starwards-land","thelandnamedStarwards",genitiveElenna-n髍雘inCO.
anneniuhunnuhuinenna"undershadow"(allativic:nu-huin-nna"under-shadow-to")(SD:246);seehuin.
annep#penna"vowel"(onlypl.
pennarisattested)(VT39:16)annettenna"until,upto,asfaras"(CO),elidedtenn'inthephrasetenn'Ambar-metta"untiltheendoftheworld"inEO,becausethenextwordbeginsinasimilarvowel;tennoio"forever"(tenna+oio,q.
v.
)anneyNNyennaalternativeformofNienna(LT1:262)annillinna-"go",pa.
t.
lend"went"(LED;cf.
lelya-)annil-linnaor-linnarendingforpartitivepl.
allative(Plotz);see-liannimminna"totheinside,into"(alsomir)(MI)annoonna"creature"(ONO)an髄l髇a(1)"dark"(adj.
)(DO3/D)an髄l髇a(2)"island,remotelanddifficulttoreach"(LONO(AWA))an髇apA#Apan髇apl.
Apan髇ar"theAfter-born",anElvishnameofMortalMenastheSecond-bornofIl鷙atar(WJ:387)an髇niM#Minn髇apl.
Minn髇ar"First-born",Elves(ascontrastedtoApan髇ar,theAfter-born,Men)(WJ:403)an髇oon髇a(1)adj.
"twin-born";(2)noun"oneofapairoftwins";pl.
on髇i"twins"(WJ:367)an髍r髇a"east"(probablyadj.
)(R)an髍abmAAmbar髇aplace-name;presumablyavariantofAmbar髇"uprising,sunrise,Orient"(LotR2:IIIch.
4;comparetheEtymologies,entryAM2)anra#arna"royal"SeeArnanor.
(Letters:428)anraccarna*"built,made"inVincarna"newly-made"(MR:408).
Carnawouldseemtobethepastparticipleofcar-.
anracniVVincarna*"newly-made"(MR:408)anrahharna"wounded";harna-"towound"(SKAR)anrassarna"ofstone"(SAR)anrattarna"crossing,passage"(LT2:347)anratcuraTTaructarna("k")"Oxford"(LT2:347;this"Qenya"wordwouldhavetobecomeTaruhtarnainmatureQuenya)anrathuraT*TaruhtarnaseeTaructarnaanravvarna"safe,protectedsecure"(BAR)anraynnyarna"tale,saga"(NAR2)anrefferna"mast,beechnuts"(PHER/PH蒖EN)anreuq#quernaprobably"turned";isolatedfromnuquerna(q.
v.
)*"under-turned"=reversed,turnedupsidedown.
anreuqunnuquerna"reversed",orperhapsrather*"turnedupsidedown".
Inthephrasessilmnuquernaand醨nuquerna,q.
v.
anreyyerna"old,worn"(GYER)anroorna"hasty"(GOR)anroccorna("k")"round,globed"(KOR)anrollorna"asleep"(LOS)anrommorna"dark,black"(Letters:282,LT1:261)or"gloomy,sombre"(MOR).
Intumbalemorna(Letters:282),q.
v.
Pl.
morninMarkirya(thefirstversionofthispoemhad"greenrocks",MC:215,changedtoondolissemorn"upondarkrocks"inthefinalversion;seeMC:220,note8).
anromeruaTTauremornaplace-name,*"Wood-black"(LotR2:IIIch.
4)Tauremornal髆place-name,*"Forest(of)BlackNight"(LotR2:IIIch.
4)anronnorna"stiff,tough"(WJ:413)anruurna"oven"(LT1:271)an鷑a"deprivedof,destitute,forlorn"(VT39:14)an鷆c鷑a("k")1)adjective"bent,curved",fromwhichisderived2)theverbc鷑a-"bend",occurringwitha-prefix(originallyna-prefix)inMarkirya.
Herec鷑a-isintransitive;wedonotknowwhetheritcanalsobetransitive"bend".
an鷆aac鷑a("k")seec鷑aanuenneuna"second"(NDEW)an鷕ut#tur鷑a"mastered",onlyattestedattestedintheelidedformtur鷑'(UT:138,apparentlyincompletespellingturuninSilmch.
21).
Theformmustbeunderstoodasthepastparticipleoftur-"wield,control,govern",thoughwewouldnormallyexpect*t鷕inaor*turna.
an鶷T鷑a(alsoT鷑)nameofthehillonwhichTirionwasbuilt(Silm,TUN,KOR),derivedfromastem(TUN)apparentlymeaningsimply*"hill,mound".
aooa(1),alsooar("鯽,鯽r")adverbs,"away"(WJ:365,glossinVT39:6)aooa(2)"wool"(LT1:249;evidentlyreplacedbytinmatureQuenya)aoccoa("k鯽")"house";coarya"hishouse"(WJ:369);coacalina"lightofthehouse"(ametaphorforthesoul[f隺]dwellinginsidethebody[hroa])(MR:250)aoffoa"hoard,treasure"(LT2:340)aolloaliterally"growth",usedofasolaryear(=coranar)whenseasonalchangesareconsidered(AppendixD;inPM:126loaistranslated"timeofgrowth".
Pl.
loar,or"l鯽r",inMR:426)aonnoa"conception"(=idea)(NOWO)aoppoa"beard"(GL:63)aorhhroa(sometimesspelt"hr鯽")"body"(changedbyTolkienfromhrondo,inturnchangedfromhr髇).
Pl.
hroarisattested(MR:304).
InMR:330,Tolkiennotesthathroais"roughlybutnotexactlyequivalentto'body'"(asopposedto"soul").
TheIncarnateslivebynecessaryunionofhroa(body)andf隺(soul)(WJ:405).
apaapa-"after",onlyattestedasaprefixinapacenyandApan髇ar,q.
v.
Variantep-inepess.
apammapa-"grasp,seize"(MAP;accordingtoLT1:339thiswordwasstruckoutinthe"QenyaLexicon",butitreappearsintheEtymologies)aplaccalpa("k")"water-vessel";verbcalpa-"drawwater,scoopout,baleout"(KALPA)aplappalpa-"tobeat,batter"(PALAP)aplassalpa-(1)(verb)"lickup,sup,sip"(S罫AP),"takeasupof"(LT1:266)aplassalpa(2)(noun)"bowl"(LT1:266)aplonnolpa"mole";alsonoldar(GL:30)aplussulpa"soup"(LT1:266)apmaampa"hook",alsonameoftengwa14(GAP,AppendixE)apmattampa"stopper"(TAP)apmerrempa"crooked,hooked"(REP)apmirrimpa"rushing,flying"(RIP)apmissimpa"pipe,flute"(LT1:266)ap骳[c髉a]("k")"harbour,bay"(KOP;changedtoh髉a,KHOP).
Early"Qenya"likewisehasc髉a(alsoc髉as)("k")"harbour"(LT1:257).
ap骽h髉a"haven,harbour,smalllandlockedbay"(KHOP)ap髏t髉a,t髉a-"roof"(nounandverb)(TOP)appallappa"hemofrobe"(GL:52)ap鷗nuunt鷓a"down-roofs"=covers(perhapsfor*undut鷓a-,cf.
undu-).
Presenttenseofuntup-withlengtheningofthestemvowelandthesuffix-a(cf.
s韑a"shines"fromsil-)醨r(1)pl.
r醰i"lion"(RAW)醨r(2)"arm"(LT2:335,therespeltr;certainlyobsoletedby#1above.
InmatureQuenya,"arm"isranco)ar醨a"dawn"(AR1)araara"outside,beside"(AR2)arAAra-,ar-aprefixedformofthestemAra-"noble"(PM:344).
InArac醤o"highchieftain",mothername(amiless,q.
v.
)ofFingolfin(PM:360,cf.
344),Arafinw"Finarfin"(MR:230)araculiilucara("k")"omnificent"(VT39:20)ar醜#h醨a-or#har-"sit",pl.
h醨arinCO(ih醨ar"thosewhosit,thosewhoaresitting")ar醠l醨a"flat"(DAL)ar醡m醨a"useful,fit,good"(ofthings)(MAG;seeMA3;Arct)ar醩s醨a(1)"bitter"(SAG)ar醩s醨a(2)"fiery"(LT1:248;this"Qenya"wordmayhavebeenobsoletedby#1above)arassara()"stiffdrygrass,bent"(STAR)ar醫t醨a"lofty"(SA:tar,LT1:264,T/TA3(AYAK,T罻AR)),"tall,high"(WJ:417)ar醰v醨a"soiled,dirty"(WA3)ar醳y醨a"ancient,belongingtoordescendingfromformertimes"(YA)ar閔h閞a"chief,principal"(KHER)ar閠t閞a"straight,right"(TE,seeTE3;LR:47;"t閚a"inSD:310maybeamisreading)ar関v閞a(KOTH)athol*lohta-seelocta-athulluhta-"enchant"(LUK)athunnuhta-"stunt,preventfromcomingtocompletion,stopshort,notallowtocontinue"(WJ:413)athurruhta-"terrify"(WJ:415)at韙a"aflash"(PM:363)atiita-"sparkle"(SA:ril,PM:363)atiaccaita"lie",alsopresenttense"lies".
Sindan髍iellocaitamorni"outofagreylanddarknesslies".
(Nam,RGEO:67)atiallaita-"bless,praise":alaita,laitate!
Andavlaituvalmet!
.
.
.
Cormacolindor,alaitat醨ienna"blessthem,blessthem!
Longshallweblessthem!
.
.
.
[The]Ring-bearers,praise[them]to[the]height!
"(lait[a]-uva-lme-t"bless-shall-we-them)(LotR3:VIch.
4,translatedinLetters:308)Verbalnounlaital"praising",isolatedfromErulaital(UT:166,436)atiammaita"hungry"(VT39:11)atiattaita-"toprolong"(TAY)atiavvaita-"towrap"(LT1:271)atioeModraVVardoMeoita"PrinceofCats"(LT2:348;vardo"prince"ishardlyavalidwordinmatureQuenya;cf.
vard-,vardar)atiorroita-"pursue"(ROY1)atiuqninninquita-("q")"shinewhite"(NIK-W)醫iuqninninquit-("q")"whiten"(NIK-W)atlaalta*"large,greatinsize"(rootmeaning)(罫AT).
Alat-inAlatair,q.
v.
atlaccalta-("k")"shine"(KAL)atlahhalta-"toleap"(LT1:254)atlammalta"gold",alsonameoftengwa18(AppendixE).
DoesthisobsoletetheformmaldaintheEtymologies,stemSMALatlattalta-"slip,slidedown,collapse,slope"(TAL罷);reduplicatedstemintheparticipletalta-taltalainMarkirya,simplytranslated"falling"inMC:215atlattaltaadj.
"sloping,tilted,leaning"or"incline"asanoun(TAL罷)atlataatalta"collapse,fallinn"(TAL罷),pa.
t.
ataltan"down-fell,felldown"inLR:47andSD:247;atalant"down-fell"inLR:56atlav-valta"-less",also-vilt(evidentlyendingsusedtoderiveadjectiveslike"lifeless")(GL:23)atlehhelta-"strip"(SKEL)(ThiswordmustbeQratherthanS,sinceinStwouldbecomethfollowingl.
)atlettelta-"tocanopy,overshadow,screen"(TEL/TELU)atleyyelta-"toloathe"(DYEL)atlillilta-"dance"(LILT,Narqelion)atluttulta-"sendfor,fetch,summon"(TUL)atn-ntaendingfordualallative(Plotz).
Mayalsobethepossessiveending"their",correspondingtotheending-nt"they".
atnaanta"face"(ANA1)atnaanta-"give"(ANA1,MC:215,221).
SeveraloccurrencesinFS:antalto"theygave";strangely,nopasttensemarkerseemstobepresent(cf.
-ltofortheending);antarapl.
verbtranslated"theygave",thoughinmatureQuenyaitwouldratherbethepresenttense"give"(pl.
);antar髏a"hegaveit"(anta-r-ta"gave-he-it"),anotherverboccurringinF韗iel'sSong,onceagainwithnopasttensemarker.
Readsomethinglike*antan閞osor*antaner髏ainmatureQuenyaAlsoant醰a"willgive",futuretenseofanta-"give";readprobably*antuvainmatureQuenya;similarlyantav醨o"hewillgive"(LR:63)shouldratherbe*antuv醨o.
atnaccanta(1)("k")"four"(K罭AT)atnaccanta(2)("k")"shaped",alsoasquasi-suffix-canta("k")"-shaped"(KAT)atnacessallassecanta("k")"leaf-shaped"(KAT)atnallantanoun"afall"(DAT/DANT(TAL罷)),alsolant.
Verblanta-"fall"(DAT/DANT(TAL罷),Narqelion);lantarpresenttensepl.
(Nam,RGEO:66);lantaner"fell"(pl.
)(SD:246);lantier"theyfell",apluralpasttenseoflanta-"fall"occurringinLR:47;readprobablylantanerinmatureQuenya,asinSD:246.
Alsosg.
lanti"fell"(LR:56);readlikewise*lantanParticiplelantala"falling"(withlocativeending:lantalass)inMarkirya.
Cf.
alsolanta-mindon"fallen-towers";lanta-r醤ar"infalling-moon"(locative-r)(MC:214;theseformsare"Qenya")atnalessallasselanta"leaf-fall=Autumn"(DAT/DANT,LAS1,Narqelion,LT1:254)atnallottollanta"upontop(s)"(MC:221;thisis"Qenya")atnanaananta,a-nanta"andyet,butyet"(FS,NDAN)atnappanta"open"(adj.
)(PAT)atnappanta-"tounfurl,spreadout,open"(PAT)atnarewlIIlweranta,Ilweran"rainbow"(GL:74)(TheEtymologiesgiveshelyanw.
)atnaspassapsanta"grave-into"(MC:221;thisis"Qenya";noteobsoleteallativein-nta,laterdualallativeonly)atnattanta"double"(prob.
adj)(TATA)atnauqquanta("q")"full"(KWAT,Narqelion)atnauqneppenquanta("pe"-)"fulltothebrim,withmouthfull"(VT39:11)atnavvanta-"towalk",alsovantanoun"walk"(BAT)atnayyanta"bridge",alsonameoftengwa35(AppendixE);intheEtymologies,yantaisdefinedas"yoke"(YAT)atnaynivneenvinyantapastparticiple"healed"(MR:405),pointingtoaverbalstem*envinyata-"heal",litereally"renew";cf.
Aragorn'stitleEnvinyatar"theRenewer"(LotR3:Vch.
8).
atneenta"thatyonder"(EN)atneccenta"communication,*enquiry,*essay";觭anw-centa"EnquiryintotheCommunicationofThought"(VT39:23cf.
MR:415),anappendixtoPengolodh'sLammasor"AccountofTongues"(VT39:23,MR:415);cf.
alsoEssecenta*"Name-essay"(MR:415)atneuqquenta("q")"tale"(KWET),"narrative,story"(VT39:16);QuentaSilmarillion"theStory/TaleoftheSilmarils"atneuqalaVValaquenta"AccountoftheValar"(SA:val-)atneuqem鷏l鷐equenta("q")"history,chronologicalaccount"(LU)atnil#linta"swift",onlypl.
lintattested(Nam,RGEO:66)atnilallottollalinta"uponhills"(MC:214;thisis"Qenya")atnissinta()(1)"short"(STINT)atnissinta-()(2)"fade",pa.
t.
sintan(THIN)atnittinta-"kindle,causetosparkle",cf.
Tintall(TIN,SA:tin,MR:388)atniv[vinta-,pa.
t.
vint,vintan"fade"(WIN/WIND)]atniwwinta-"scatter,blowabout"(bothtransitiveandintransitive)(PM:376)atniwessallassewintaavariantoflasselanta(PM:376).
atnoonta-(pa.
t.
髇orontan)"beget,create"(ONO)atnorronta"hollow"(adjnoun)(alsorotwa)(LT2:347.
InmatureQuenya,thepreferredwordsfor"hollow"areunquaadj.
andunqunoun.
)atnorooronta"steep"(LT1:256)atnoyyonta-"more"(doesthehyphenindicatethatyonta-canbeprefixedtoadjectivestoformakindofcomparative,liketheprefixan-formsthesuperlative)(GL:37)atnuppunta"stoppedconsonant"(=aplosive)(PUT,seePUS)at髆m髏a-"labour,toil"(M)at髍r髏a"tube"(LT2:347)at髍hhr髏a"dwellingunderground,artificialcaveorrockhewnhall"(PM:365)atpattapta"impeded"(VT39:17);nominalpl.
taptarisusedtomean"consonants"(=taptatengwi,q.
v.
)atpelettelepta"silver",asadj(LT2:347-rathertelemnainmatureQuenya)atraarta(1)adj.
"exalted,lofty"(PM:354)atraarta(2)noun"fort,fortress"(GARATunder3AR)atraarta(3)prep.
"across,athwart"(LT2:335)atrammarta"fey,fated"(MBARAT)atreccerta"rune"(pl.
certargiven),adaptedfromSindarincerth(a"true"orinheritedQuenyaformofprimitive*kirtwouldhavebeen*cirt,butthisworddidnotoccur).
(WJ:396)atroorta-"rise,raise,liftup",pa.
t.
ortan(Nam,RGEO:67,ORO;misreading"ortani"inLetters:426)atrohhorta-"sendflying,speed,urge"(KHOR)atroma#amorta-"heave"(literally"up-rise,riseup",cf.
orta-;theprefixam-means"up").
Onlyattestedasaparticipleamortala"heaving"inMarkirya.
atrun#nurta-"hide",verbalstemisolatedfromnurtal"hiding",q.
v.
atsa#asta"month",onlypl.
astarattested(AppendixD)atsaffasta-"tangle"(PHAS)atsallasta-"listen",alsoadj.
lasta"listening,hearing"(LAS2)atsalaffalasta-"tofoam",participlefalastala"foaming,surging"inMarkiryaatsammasta-"bake"(MBAS)atsammasta"bread"(MBAS,PM:404)atsannasta-"prick,sting"(NAS)atsannasta"spear-head,point,gore,triangle"(SNAS/SNAT),"prick,point,stick,thrust"(NAS)atsappasta"smooth"(PATH)atsatneuqquentasta*"historicalaccount","anyparticulararrangement(bysomeauthor)ofaseriesofrecordsorevidencesintoagivenhistoricalaccount"(notHistoryassuch,whichisquental).
(VT39:16)atseesta"first"(ESE/ESET);thisentrywasmarkedwithaquery.
ThewordYestar(q.
v.
)*"Firstday"inLotRsuggeststhatweshouldread*yestaforestaandalsoprefixaytotheotherwordsderivedfromESE/ESET(ess>*yess,ess隺>*yess隺).
atseesta-"toname"(ES)atsehhesta"wither"(LT1:255)atsel#lesta(1)"girdle,fence"inLestan髍"Doriath"(WJ:369)atsel#lesta(2)"measure",instrumentallestaneninF韗iel'ssongatsellesta-(pa.
t.
lend)"leave"(ELED)atsemmesta"journey"(Arct)atserhhresta"shore,beach",ablativehrestallo*"from(the)shore"inMarkiryaatseuqrattarquesta("q")"high-speech"(thatisLindarin[laterVanyarin,Tolkienrevisedthenames],orQenya[Quenya])(T/TA3)atsevvesta"matrimony",verbvesta-"towed"(BES).
(UnderWED,theverbvesta-wasdefinedas"sweartodosomething",butthiswasstruckout.
)atsevo[ovesta]"contract,compact,treaty"(WED,W)atsewgnettengwesta"asystemorcodeofsigns","Language",referringparticularlytostructure,includingmorphologyandgrammar(VT39:15).
Asatechnicaltermfor"language",thisincludeslanguagesnotmadeupofsounds(WJ:394),butusuallyitmeans"spokenlanguage"whenunqualified(WJ:395).
IntheEtymologies,tengwestaisglossed"grammar"(TEK).
atsewhhwesta"breeze,breath,puffofair"(SWES),alsonameoftengwa12(AppendixE);hwestasindarinwa"Grey-elvenhw",nameoftengwa34(AppendixE).
Verbhwesta-"topuff"(SWES)atseyyesta(1)"desire"(nounverb)(YES)Somewouldsupposethiswordisobsoletedby#2below.
atsey#yesta(2)*"first",onlyattestedinthecompoundyestar,butcf.
esta.
atsiista-"know",pa.
t.
sint(IS,LT2:339)atsiista"knowledge"(IS)atsiaaista-"todread"(G罽AS)atsimmista"grey";seelassemistaatsimmista-"strayabout"(MIS)atsimessallassemista"leaf-grey"(LotR2:IIIch.
4,translatedinLetters:224)atsirrista-,rista"cut"(vbandnoun)(RIS)atsivvista"airassubstance"(WIS(WIL))atsoosta"homestead"(LT2:336)atsoccosta-("k")"quarrel"(KOT>KOTH)atsohhosta"gather,collect,assemble"(Markirya);hostaini関a"willbegathered",futuretenseofthestativeverb*hostaini,derivedfrom*hostaina"gathered",pastparticipleofhosta-"gather".
SuchstativeverbsareprobablynotvalidinmatureQuenya;see-i.
(FS)atsohhosta"largenumber",verbhosta-"tocollect"(KHOTH)atsohaahostaseehostaatsoloolosta"dreamy"(UT:396)atsonnosta"birth,birthday"(LT1:272)atsonnosta-"givebirth"(LT1:272)atsorrosta"ascent"(LT1:267)atsoroorosta"ascension"(LT1:256)atsuusta-"burn"(transitive)(LT1:271)atsuammausta"compulsion"(MBAW)atsullusta"void,empty"(LUS)atsuppusta"stop"(noun),inpunctuationfullstop(PUS)atsuppusta-"tostop,putastopto";alsointr.
"cease,stop"(PUS)atsurrusta"broken"(MC:214;thisis"Qenya")atta[atta-(prefix)"backagain,re-"(TAT)]attaatta(1)"two"(AT(AT),Letters:427);Attalyar"Bipeds"(sg.
*Attalya)=Petty-dwarves(fromSindarinTad-dail)(WJ:389).
Awordatta"again"wasstruckout;seeTAT.
attallatta(1)"hole,pit"(DAT/DANT)attallatta(2)"strap"(LATH)attayyatta"narrowneck,isthmus"(YAK)attemmetta"end";Ambar-metta"world-end,theendoftheworld"(EO);mettar*"end-day"=NewYears'EveintheN鷐en髍eancalendarandtheSteward'sReckoning,notbelongingtoanymonth(AppendixD)atteuqquetta"word"(SA:quen-/quet-,GL:28),pl.
quettar(WJ:391)attittitta"little,tiny"(TIT)attullutta-"flow,float"(LT1:249)attupputta"stop"(inpunctuation)(PUT;seePUS)atuaauta-(1)"goaway,leave"(leavethepointofthespeaker'sthought);old"strong"pasttenseanw,usuallyreplacedbyv醤,perfectav醤i-butwhenthemeaningispurelyphysical"wentaway(toanotherplace)",thepasttenseoant,perfectoantiwasused.
Pastparticiplevanwa"gone,lost,nolongertobehad,vanished,departed,dead,pastandover"(WJ:365)atuaauta-(2)"invent,originate,devise"(GAWA/GOWO)Obsoletedby#1aboveatuaffauta-"tosnow"(actuallyglossedfauta="itsnows")(GL:35)atuahhauta-"cease,takearest,stop"(KHAW)atuannauta"bound,obliged"(NUT)atuarrauta"metal"[meaningchangedbyTolkienfrom"copper"](RAUT)atuarrauta-"tohunt"(LT1:260;inmatureQuenyaroita-)atuippiuta"spit"(probablyverb,perhapsalsonoun)(PIW)at鷑n鷗a-"set,sink"(ofSunorMoon)(ND).
Inearly"Qenya",thewordwasglossed"stoop,sink"(LT1:263)auccua,cu("k")"dove"(K)auqaaqua"fully,completely,altogether,wholly"(WJ:392)auqehhequa"leavingaside,notcounting,excluding,except"(WJ:365)auqiaaiqua("q")"steep"(AYAK)auqiallaiqua("q")"green"(L罽AK,LT1:267,MC:214),"Qenya"pl.
laiquali("q")(MC:216);laiqua'ondoisen("q")"green-rocks-upon"(MC:221;thisis"Qenya")auqlaalqua"swan"(罫AK[therespeltalqa,asinLT1:249/LT2:335],SA:alqua,UT:265).
Thealternativeformalqu("q")mentionedinearlymaterial(LT1:249)mayormaynotbevalidinmatureQuenya.
auqliilqua("ilqa")"everything"(IL),"all"(FS);ilquainen("ilqainen")awordoccurringinF韗iel'sSong,translated"toall".
Itwouldappeartobeilqua"all"withadativepl.
ending,butinmatureQuenya-inenistheendingforinstrumentalpl.
(FS)auqni-inquaadjectivalending,seeninalcarinqua"glorious"(WJ:412)fromalcar"glory".
Etymologically,-inquameans"-full",like"glory-full"inthiscase.
auqniraclaalcarinqua"radiant,glorious"(AKLA-R[therespelt"alkarinqa"],WJ:412);nounAlcarinqu,"TheGlorious",nameofastar/planet(SA:aglar-therespelt"Alkarinqu",buttheSilmarillionIndexhas"Alcarinqu".
ThecelestialbodyinquestionseemstobeJupiter,MR:435).
Cf.
alsoAlcarin,q.
v.
auqnuunqua("q")"hollow"(adj.
)(UNUK)auqrassarqua("q")"fleshy"(LT2:347)auqrommorqua"black"(LT1:261;alsomornainmatureQuenya)auqsiisqua("q")"wise"(LT2:339)aurrunnurrua"mumling"(Markirya,MC:215);seenurru-醰v(exclamation)"Iwillnot!
"or"Donot!
";v醤,v醤y"Iwon't!
",vamm"wewon't"(WJ:371)-av-vapossessiveending,inEldali関a,miruv髍eva,Orom関a,Valin髍eva.
Pl.
-vwhengoverningapluralword(fromarchaic-vai)(WJ:407),butitseemsthat-vawasusedthroughoutinlateExilicQuenya(cf.
miruv髍evagoverningthepluralwordyuldarinNam醨i).
Pl.
-iva(-iv),dual-twa,partitivepl.
-l韛a.
avaava(1)"outside"(AWA)avaava-(2)prefixindicatingsomethingforbidden:avaqu閠ima"nottobesaid,thatmustnotbesaid",avany醨ima"nottobetoldorrelated"(WJ:370)avaava-(3)(prefix)"without"(AR2,AWA)avaava-(4)pa.
t.
avan,averbthatisnotclearlyglossed;apparentlymeaningrefuseorprohibit(WJ:370).
Cf.
Avamanyar.
av醰a,av(thelatterstressedonthefinalsyllable)"Don't!
";醰an"Iwon't"(alsov醤,v醤y);醰acar!
("k")"don'tdoit!
"(WJ:371)av醤n醰a("")"mouth",apparentlynotonlythelipsbutalsotheinsideofthemouth(VT39:13cf.
8).
Possibly,butprobablynot,thesameelementthatistranslated"hollow"inN醰arot,q.
v.
av醦p醰a"mouth"(includingtongue,lipsandteeth).
ApparentlychangedbyTolkienton醰a,q.
v.
(VT39:19)av醨r醰a(1)"bank"(especiallyofariver)(RAMB)av醨r醰a(2)"wild,untamed"(RAB)av醩s醰a"juice"(SAB)av醳y醰a"fruit"(LT1:273;inmatureQuenyay醰)av閕ladlEnodniMMindonEldali関a"LoftyToweroftheEldali"(Silm)av閚iuHeruaTTaurHuin関a"ForestofShadow",SindarinTaurnaFuin(PHUY)averettereva"fine,acute"(TER/TERES),"piercing"(LT1:255;glossed"fine,acute"intheEtymologies,butthestemTERisdefinedas"pierce")av閥y関a"willbe"(also"therewillbe"),apparentlythefuturetenseofye.
Oncetranslated"is"(韗ilquay関an髏ina,"whenalliscounted"),butthiseventbelongstothefuture;henceliterally*"whenallwillbecounted"(FS)avi-iva(-iv)pluralpossessiveending;seeninEldaiva,Eldaiv(WJ:369)av韑-l韛aendingforpartitivepl.
possessive(Plotz);see-liavioccoiva("k")"awake"(LT1:257-read*cuivainmatureQuenyaCf.
coivibecomingcuivi.
Ontheotherhand,theelementscui-andcoi-havingtodowithlifeandawakeningcannotbewhollyseparated.
aviuhhuiva"murky"(LT1:253)avl*-lvapronominalending,"our",oftwopersonswhereoneaddressestheother(Letters:447).
Onlyattestedinthegenitive-lvointhewordomentielvo(see-lma).
Forthisreasonithasbeenarguedthattheendingmayactuallybe*-lwa,sincethereissomeevidencethatwowouldchangetovoinQuenyaandthewof*-lwacouldbederivedfromthedualending-u.
(FG)avlek#kelvapl.
kelvar"animals,livingthingsthatmove"(Silm)avlo#olvapl.
olvar"growingthingswithrootsintheearth,*plants"(Silm).
Moreorlessthesamewordasolwa,olbaav鷙a"willnot",futuretenseofanegativeverb(present/aoristtense鷜)inF韗iel'sSong.
Cf.
alsothenegativeverbu-,um-"notdo,notbe".
avu-uvafuturetenseending.
Inlaituvalmet,tiruvantes,enquantuva,cenuva,caluva.
avucrassarcuva("k")"corporeal,bodily"(LT2:347)av鷏l鷙a"bow"(AppendixE)avulicciluva("k")"shallsee"(MC:213,214;thisis"Qenya")avunaccanuva("k")"leaden"(LT1:268;ifthis"Qenya"wordisusedinamatureQuenyacontext,itmustnotbeconfusedwiththefuturetenseofcan-)avur鷕uva"fiery"(fromUR;thisstemwasstruckoutinEtym,butseveralwordsthatmustbederivedfromitoccurinLotR,soitseemsthatTolkienrestoredit.
Theword鷕uvaalsooccurredinearly"Qenya";inLT1:271itisglossed"likefire".
)av鷕uttur鷙a"wooden"(LT1:270)avutnauqneenquantuva"shallrefill"(Nam);seeen-,quat-醱w(actuallyspeltw)"wind"(LT1:266)awgnannangwa"jaw"(NAK)awgnassangwa"poison"(SAG)awgnattangwa"hasp,clasp"(TAK)awgneengwa"sickly";nominalpl.
Engwar"theSickly",ElvishnameofMortalMen(Silm,GENG-W)awgnettengwa(pl.
tengwarattested)"letter",thewrittenrepresentationofatengw,q.
v.
Innon-technicalusagetengwawasequivalentto"consonant",sinceonlytheconsonantswerefullsigns(WJ:396,TEK)awgnussungwa"drinking-vessel"(SUK)awiallaiwa"sick,sickly,ill"(SLIW)awiassaiwa"hot"(LT1:248,255,265)awiavvaiwa"wind"(W/WAWA/WAIWA)awiawwaiwa"wind"(W/WAWA/WAIWA)awlaccalwa("k")"beautiful"(LT1:254)awlammalwa"fallow,pale"(SMAL)awlehhelwa"(pale)blue"(3EL)awlemmelwa"lovely"(LT1:262)awleyyelwa(1)"loathsome"(DYEL)awleyyelwa(2)"cold"(LT1:260;this"Qenya"wordwascertainlyobsoletedby#1above.
Useringa.
)awliv[vilwavilwa]"air,lowerair"(distinctfromthe'upper'airofthestars,orthe'outer')(WIL)awloolwa"branch"(G覮OB)awnaanwa"real,actual,true"(ANA2)awnaccanwa"announcement,order"(PM:362)awnahhanwa"male"(INI)awnallanwa"loom"(LAN)awnavvanwa"gone,lost,nolongertobehad,vanished,departed,dead,past,pastandover,goneontheroad,over"(WJ:365,Nam,RGEO:67,WAN,LT1:264)awnawwanwa"greatgale"(LT1:266)awnellenwa"longandthin,straight,narrow"(LT2:341)awneynillinyenwa"old,havingmanyyears"(YEN)awniffinwa"sagacious"(LT1:253)awninninwa"blue"(LT1:262)awninauqiallaiquaninwa("q")"green-blue"(cf.
ninwa)(Narqelion)awninreiNNierninwa"Sirius"(astar),alsoNiell鷑(LT1:262)awniradnissindarinwa()"Grey-elven"inthephrasehwestasindarinwa"Grey-elvenhw"(AppendixE);itmayreallybe"Sindarin"(asanoun)withthepossessiveending-va,-waappended,henceliterally"hwof[the]Sindarin[language]"awnirelettelerinwaTelerin(paraphrased"oftheShoresofElfland"inMC:215,sincetheTeleridweltontheshoresoftheBlessedRealm.
)(MC:216)awnirodloNNoldorinwa*"Gnomish",Noldorin(LT1:262);lower-casenoldorinwainNarqelion.
Wouldrepresentearlier*裲ldorinwaandshouldbespeltaccordinglyinTengwar.
awnorovvoronwa"enduring,long-lasting"(BOR)awraarwa"incontrolof,possessing"(+genitive),alsosuffix-arwa(suffix)"having",asinaldarwa"havingtrees,tree-grown"(3AR)awradlaaldarwa"havingtrees,tree-grown"(3AR).
See-arwa.
awrinnirwa"bolster,cushion"(NID)awrottorwa(Narqelion)awruurwa"onfire"(LT1:271)awsiiswa"wise"(LT2:339)awsihhiswa"grey"(KHIS/KHITH,Narqelion)awt-twaendingfordualpossessive(Plotz)awtaatwa"double"(AT(AT))awtorrotwa"hollow"(adjnoun)(alsoronta)(LT2:347.
InmatureQuenya,thepreferredwordsfor"hollow"areunquaadj.
andunqunoun.
)axaaxa("ks")(1)"narrowpath,ravine"(AK)axaaxa("ks")(2)"waterfall"(LT1:249,255-this"Qenya"wordmayhavebeenobsoletedby#1above)axammaxa("ks")"pliant,soft"(MASAG)aximmixa("ks")"wet"(MISK)axur#ruxa-"crumble";verbalstemonlyattestedasaparticipleruxal'"crumbling"intheMarkiryapoem,elidedfrom*ruxala(sincethenextwordbeginsinana).
醳y"formerly,ago"(YA)ayyarelativepronoun"which,what"(attestedintheArcticsentence,andevidentlyinNarqelion),withlocativesuffixinNam醨i:see*yassay醳a"awe"(PM:363)ay醜h醳a"faroff,faraway"(adj.
)(KHAYA).
Alsohaiya.
ay醜avvah醳a"faraway"(LR:47,SD:310).
Alsospeltvaihaiya(SD:247)ay酠#M醳apl.
M醳arseeMaiaay酳S醳anameofthefire-fay(GL:66)aydneendya>enya"middle"(adj.
)(EN)aydnerabmAAmbarendya>Ambarenya"Middle-earth"(butthemoreusualwordisEndor,End髍)(MBAR)aydneuQQuendyaoriginalformofthewordQuenya,preservedintheVanyarindialect(QuenyaistheNoldorinform)(WJ:361,371)aydniwwindya>vinya"paleblue"(WIN/WIND)(ItisuncertainwhetherTolkienrejectedthiswordornot;inanycase,vinyameans"new"inmatureQuenya.
)ayha#ahya-"change",onlyattestedinthepasttense:ahyan(PM:395)ayiaaiya"hail",asgreeting(LotR2:IVch.
9,seeLetters:385fortranslation)ayiahhaiya"far"(SD:247).
Alsoh醳a.
ayiavvaiyavaiya(alsovaia,waia)"envelope",especiallyoftheOuterSeaorAirenfoldingtheworldwithintheIlurambarorworld-walls(WAY)醳lly(Narqelion;inmatureQuenya,nowordsbegininly-)ayl-lyapronominalsuffix"thy,your"intielyanna"uponyourpath"(UT:22cf.
51)aylaalya"prosperous,rich,abundant,blessed"(GALA),"rich"[罫AM]aylaccalya-("k")"illuminate"(KAL)aylahhalya-"veil,conceal,screenfromlight"(SKAL1)aylappalya-"openwide,spread,expand,extend"(PAL)aylavvalyaadj.
"having(divine)authorityorpower"(BAL;thiswordisofcourseetymologicallyconnectedtotheValarandshouldnotbeusedwithreferencetothedivinityofEru.
)aylawnnwalya-"topain,torment"(袵WAL;thismustrepresentearlier*駑alya=*ngwalya;theseformsarenotgiveninEtym,butcomparenwalm.
InTengwarwriting,theinitialNWwouldberepresentedbytheletternwalm.
)ayleffelya"cave"(PH蒐EG)aylellelya-"go,proceed(inanydirection),travel",pa.
t.
lend(WJ:362)aylennelya"third"(cf.
neld"three")inNelyar"Thirds",theoriginalnameoftheNoldor(orratherthedirectQuenyadescendantoftheoriginalPrimitiveQuendianname)(WJ:380).
ayleneMMenelyafifthdayoftheEldarinsix-dayweek,dedicatedtotheheavens(AppendixD)aylettelya-"finish,windup,conclude"(transitive)(WJ:411)ayliilya"all"(LR:47,56;SD:310),"all,thewhole"(IL);"each,every,allofaparticulargroupofthings"(VT39:20);ilybeforeapluralnoun,"all"beinginflectedlikeanadjective(Nam,RGEO:67):ilytier"allpaths"(Nam醨i,VT39:20),ilymahalmar"allthrones"(CO)ayliccilya"chasm",allativecilyanna("k")"in-Chasm"(sc.
"into[the]chasm")(LR:47,56).
InMR:471,cilyaisdefinedas"cleft,gorge".
SpeltkilyainEtym,theredefinedas"cleft,passbetweenhills,gorge"(KIL)aylicalaCCalacilya("k")"PassofLight",inwhichK魊wasbuilt(KIL,KAL).
EvidentlyavariantofCalacirya.
aylignittingilya"atwinklingstar"(TIN)aylihhilya-"tofollow"(KHIL)aylimmilya-"longfor"(MIL-IK)aylinippinilya"small"(MC:220;thisis"Qenya")aylirrilya"glittering,brilliance"(RIL)aylirimmirilya-"glitter"(MBIRIL)aylisIIsilyathirddayoftheEldarinsix-dayweek,dedicatedtotheMoon(AppendixD)aylivvilya"air,sky",alsonameoftengwa24.
Olderwilya.
(AppendixE).
Early"Qenya"hasVilya(changedfromVilna)"lowerair"(LT1:273);alsovilya"air"(MC:215)ayliwwilyaseevilyaayluulya-"pour",intr.
pa.
t.
ull,tr.
ulyan(ULU).
Cf.
ullier"poured",apl.
pasttenseofulya-occurringinLR:47;readprobably*ullerinmatureQuenya.
InSD:247,ullieristranslated"shouldflow".
aymallamya-"tosound"(LAM)aymihhimya-"tostickto,cleaveto,abideby"(KHIM)ayn-nyapronominalsuffix,1.
personsg.
possessive,"my",e.
g.
tatanya"myfather"(UT:191).
Thisendingseemstopreferiasitsconnectingvowelwhereoneisneeded,cf.
Anarinya"mysun"inLR:72,soalsoinhildinyar.
aynaccanya("k")"bold"(KAN)aynaffanya"(white)cloud"(SPAN,FS);pl.
fanyarinNam醨i(Nam,RGEO:67)aynahhanya-"understand,knowabout,beskilledindealingwith"(KHAN)aynallanya-"weave"(LAN)aynalaVValanyalastdayoftheEldarinsix-dayweek,dedicatedtotheValar(AppendixD).
Etymology,seeLetters:427.
AlsocalledT醨ion.
aynamaamanya"ofAman,*Amanian"(WJ:411),nominalpl.
Amanyar"thoseofAman",Elvesdwellingthere(withnegations赼manyar,Alamanyar"thosenotofAman").
aynamalA#Alamanyapl.
.
Alamanyar,nameoftheElveswhostartedonthemarchfromCuivi閚enbutdidnotreachAman;=趍anyar(MR:163)aynama#赼manyapl.
赼manyar"thosenotofAman",ElveswhodidnotreachtheBlessedRealm(butdidleaveCuivi閚enwiththeintentionofgoingthere)=Heceldi(WJ:371).
Also趍anyarandfuller趍aneldi.
(WJ:373)aynamavA#Avamanyapl.
AvamanyarElvesthatrefusedtogotoAman(=Avari)(WJ:370)aynappanya-"fix,set"(PAN)aynarranya-"tostray"(RAN)aynassanya()"regular,law-abiding,normal"(STAN)aynattanya"that"(MC:215;thisis"Qenya")aynavvanya"fair"(FS),"beautiful"(BAN);nominalpl.
Vanyar"theFair",thefirstclanoftheEldar;theoriginalmeaningofthisstemwas"pale,light-coloured,notbrownordark"(WJ:380,381)aynavvanya-"go,depart,disappear",pa.
t.
vann(WAN)ayneenyavinya(WIN/WIND)]ayniwhhwinya-"toswirl,eddy,gyrate"(SWIN)aynoonya*"mychild",*"myson"(notthenormalwordfor"son",however-itseemstobederivedfromthestemONO"beget")(UT:174)aynorronya"'chaser',houndofchase"(ROY1)ayn鷕r鷑ya"redflame"(SA:ruin;PM:366givesrunya)aynurrunya"slot,footprint"(RUN;accordingtoPM:366runyaalsomeans"redflame",butSA:ruinhasr鷑ya)ayr-ryapronominalending"his,her"(Nam,RGEO:67)inm醨yat"herhands",髆aryo"ofhervoice"(genitiveof*髆arya"hervoice"),s鷐aryass"inherbosom"(locativeofs鷐arya"herbosom");forthemeaning"his"cf.
coarya"hishouse"(WJ:369)ayraarya"twelvehours,day"(AR1)ayraffarya-pa.
t.
farn"suffice"(PHAR)ayrahharya-"possess"(3AR)ayrammarya"pale,fallow,fawn"(MAD)ayramil鷖s鷏imarya(Narqelion)ayraNNaryanameoftheRedRing,theRingofFire;apparentlyproperlyanadjective,sothatthemeaningissomethinglike"Fiery(One)"(SA:n醨)ayranAAnaryaseconddayoftheEldarinsix-dayweek,dedicatedtotheSun(AppendixD)ayrattarya"tough,stiff"(T罵AG)ayravvarya-"toprotect"(BAR)ayrayhhyarya"left"(KHYAR)ayreerya"single,sole"(ERE)ayremmerya"festive"(MBER)ayrepperya-"divideinmiddle,halve"(PER)ayrevverya-"todare";adj.
verya"bold"(BER)ayreyyerya-"towear(out),getold"(GYER)ayriccirya("k")"ship"(MC:213,214,220,221),"(sharp-prowed)ship"(SA:kir-,wherethewordismisspeltc韗yawithalong;ChristopherTolkienprobablyconfuseditwiththefirstelementoftheSindarinnameC韗dan.
ItseemsthatC韗yon,thenameofIsildur'sson,islikewisemisspelt;readCiryonasintheindexandthemaintextoftheSilmarillion.
Cf.
alsokiryainEtym,stemKIR.
)AlsoinMarkirya.
InthePlotzletter,ciryaisinflectedforallcasesexceptpluralpossessive(*ciryaiva).
Locativeciryasse"uponaship"(MC:216).
ayricalaCCalacirya"Light-cleft",Calacirya,thegreatravineinthemountainsofValinor,thepassageleadingfromValmartotheregionwheretheTelerilived.
GenitiveCalaciryoinNam醨i(Nam,RGEO:67)ayriFFiryapl.
Firyar"Mortals",anElvishnameofMortalMen(WJ:387).
Etymhasfirya"human",literally*"mortal"(PHIR)ayrippirya"juice,syrup"(PIS)ayrofforya"right"(PHOR)ayruurya-"burn"(intransitive)(LT1:271)ayrussurya"spirantconsonant"(SUS)aytallatya"opening"(usedasabstractinthesource)(VT39:23);sanw-latya"thought-opening",direct,telepathicthought-transfer(VT39:23)aytat#tatya"second",nominalpl.
Tatyar*"Seconds,SecondOnes",theoriginalnameoftheNoldorastheSecondClanoftheElves(orratherthedirectQuenyadescendantoftheoriginalname).
(WJ:380)aytattatya-"todouble"(TATA)aytelem#meletya"mighty";meletyalda"yourmighty"="yourmajesty"(see-lda;#meletya=*"mighty").
InfullAranMeletyalda"kingyourmighty"(WJ:369)aytemmetya-"putanendto"(MET)aytiagnaangaitya"torment"(LT1:249)aytimmitya"interior"(adj)(MI)aytip#pitya"little"inPityafinw,Pitya-naucoraytniintya-"guess,suppose"(INK/INIK)aytnimmintya(Narqelion)aytoccotya("k")"hostile"(KOT>KOTH)aytrammartya-"destine"(MBARAT)aytsiistya"knowledge"(IS)ayuammauya-"compel"(MBAW)ay鷇lAAld鷜afourthdayoftheEldarinsix-dayweek,dedicatedtotheTrees(AppendixD).
Thewordseemstoinclude*Aldu,adualformreferringtotheTwoTrees.
TheN鷐en髍eansalteredthenametoAld隺(presumablyvend"maiden"(WEN/WENED).
Early"Qenya"alsohadwendi"maid,girl",butthiswouldbeapluralinmatureQuenya.
(LT1:271)ednewlaLLalwend(alsoshortLalwen)"LaughingMaiden",fem.
name(PM:343)edneyyend,yen"daughter"(Y/YON.
Thiswordreplacedanotherform,butthelattermayhavebeenrestored;seeyeld.
)edniffind"hair"(especiallyofthehead)(PM:340),"atressorplaitofhair"(PM:345),"tress,braidofhair,lockofhair"(SPIN)Thismayobsoleteearlier"Qenya"find"cunning"(prob.
noun)(LT1:253)ednihtthind(辤nd)olderformofsind,q.
v.
,preservedinVanyarin(WJ:384,therespeltwiththespecialletter,notthedigraphth)ednillind"air,tune,singing,song"(SA:gond,(LIN2,[GLIN]);lindelorendor"music-dream-land";seelaurelind髍enanlindelorendor.
.
.
(LotR2:IIIch.
4,cf.
Letters:308)ednillind-"sing"(LT1:258;inmatureQuenyalir-)ednilignittingilind"atwinklingstar"(TIN)ednilirommorilind"nightingale"(MOR)ednilodnOOndolind"Gondolin"(SA:gond);seeOndo.
Earlier"Qenya"hasOndolinda(changedfromOndolin)"singingstone,Gondolin"(LT1:254)edniloronnorolind"trippinglightly"(MC:215;thisis"Qenya")edninnind"fragile,thin"(NIN-DI)ednirrind"circle"(RIN)ednirehTTherind(辝rind)"Needlewoman",originalformofSerind,beforetheshiftth>s(PM:333)ednireSSerindfem.
name;"Broideress"(Silm)or"Needlewoman"(PM:333).
OriginalformTherind,q.
v.
ednissind()"grey,paleorsilverygrey"(theVanyarindialectpreservestheolderform辤nd)(WJ:384,THIN;inSA:thin(d)theformgivenissinda,cf.
alsosindan髍iello"fromagreycountry"inNam醨i.
Sindandsindaareapparentlyvariantsofthesameword.
)SeeSindicollo.
ednittind"glint"(noun)(TIN)edniv[vind"blue-grey,paleblueorgrey"(WIN/WIND)]edniwhhwind"eddy,whirlpool"(SWIN)ednollond"land-lockedhaven".
InAlqualond"Swan-haven"(SA).
IntheEtymologies,stemLOD,londisglossed"road(insea),entrancetoharbour"(LOD).
ednolauqlAAlqualond"Swan-road,Swan-haven",capitaloftheTeleri(罫AK,LOD,KHOP[therespeltAlqalonde],Silm).
ednoliriHHirilond"Haven-finder",nameofaship(UT:192)ednolognIIngolond"LandoftheGnomes"(Beleriand,"butbeforeappliedtopartsofValinor")(袵OLOD)ednuluulund"flood"(ULU)edram#mard"hall";onlypl.
mardiisattested(Nam,RGEO:66)edramoro*oromard"high-hall",ploromardi(Nam,RGEO:66)edreerd(1)"seed,germ"(ER蒁),(2)erd"singularity",thepersonasawhole(MR:216)egnaffang"longbeard"(GL:34)egnetteng"indicated"-pa.
t.
oft隺(VT39:6)egnirring1.
(adj.
)"cold",alsoringa(whichformistobepreferred);2.
(noun)"coldpoolorlake(inmountains)"(RINGI)egnitting"twang"(TING/TANG)egniwwing"foam,crestofwave,crest"(WIG);"foam,spindrift"(LT1:273).
Alsowinga.
ei-i(1)infinitive(orgerundial)ending,attestedinenyali,q.
v.
(CO)ei-i(2)"is",-ier"are",stativeverbsuffixoccurringinF韗iel'sSong:n鷐essier"theyareinthewest",meldielto"theyare.
.
.
beloved",talanti"heisfallen",m醨i"itisgood"(sthatoccurredshortlybeforetherebellionoftheNoldor(AppendixE,TH)emme"us";mel-lumna"us-is-heavy",sc.
*"isheavyforus"(LR:47,mel-isevidentlyanassimilatedformof*men"forus",dativeofme);dualmet"us(two)"em醨auqlAAlquar醡("q")"Swan-wing"(LT2:335)em醬qqu醡("q")"sickness"(KWAM)em醳y醡"yawning"(MC:214;cf.
thestemYAGintheEtymologies)emayrotnaantoryam"strengthening",usedofvariousmanipulationsofastem,suchaslengtheningvowelsorconsonantsorturningaconsonantoravowelintoa"blend"(seeostim)(VT39:9)emel髄em"elbow"(LT1:258)emel髇n髄em"deeplore,wisdom"(LT1:263).
Wouldrepresentearlier*耋lemandshouldbespeltaccordinglyinTengwar.
PerhapsreplacedbyNolminmatureQuenya.
em閚ellen閙"withleave"(+gen:"withleaveof")(SD:246)emiahhaim"habit"(KHIM)emiallaim"shade"(DAY)emiarraim(evidentlyamisreadingfor*roime)"hunt,hunting"(ROY1)emiaTTaim,Taimi"thesky"(LT1:268;rathermenelinmatureQuenya)emiayyaim"wailing"(noun),fromwhichisderivedtheadjectiveyaim隺"wailing",pl.
yaimiinMarkiryaemilacnAAncalimfem.
name,*"MostBrightOne"emil鶶S鷏imthirdmonthoftheyear,"March".
Thewordapparentlymeans*"windyone"(AppendixD;SA:s鹟;notcapitalizedinthelattersource).
Early"Qenya"hass鷏im"wind"(LT1:266)emin镹N閚imsecondmonthoftheyear,"February"(AppendixD)emior*roim-seeraime(ROY1)emir趓im(insomeeditionsUrim,butthisseemstobeanerror;cf.
鷕"heat")eighthmonthoftheyear,"August"(AppendixD,SA:ur-,UT:302)emis鞨H韘imeleventhmonthoftheyear,"November"(AppendixD,SA:h顃h).
TheQuenyawordseemstomean"MistyOne".
emitsoostim(pl.
ostimiisattested)"blend",termforakindof"strengthened"elementswithinastem,whereasinglesoundhasbeenexpandedintotwodifferentelementswhilemaintainingaunitaryeffectandsignificance:suchass-beingturnedintost-,ormbeingstrengthenedtomb.
(VT39:9)eml-lmpronominalendingforinclusive"we",sc.
"we"includingthepersonthatisspokento.
Exemplifiedinlaituvalmet"weshallblessthem"(lait-uva-lme-t"bless-shall-we-them")(LotR3:VIch.
4,translatedinLetters:308)emlallalm"elm-tree"(罫AM)emlalaalalm"elm,elm-tree"(罫AM,L罫AM,LT1:249)emlan[nalm隴("")"clamour"(袵AL/袵ALAM)emlappalm"surface"(PAL)emlassalm"harp-playing"(LT1:265;rathernandelinmatureQuenya)emlawgnngwalmseenwalmemlawnnwalm"torment",alsonameoftengwa20.
Originallypronouncedngwalm;initialnghadbecomeninThirdAgepronunciation(AppendixE)emlayyalm"clamour"(袵AL/袵ALAM)emlemmelm"love"(noun)(MEL)emlettelm"hood,covering";ablativeinthephrasetelmellotelmanna"fromhoodtobase,fromcrowntofoot,toptobottom"(TEL/TELU)emley[yelm隴(notglossed;theetymologymaysuggest*"friendship")(YEL,struckout)emliccilm"choosing"(isolatedfromEssecilm"name-choosing",q.
v.
)(MR:214);alsoincilmessi("k")"self-names",literallynamesofpersonalchoice(PM:339)(cilm+essi,hence*"choice-names").
Sg.
*cilmess.
emlicessEEssecilm"name-choosing",anEldarinceremonywhereachildnamedhim-orherselfaccordingtopersonall醡aty醰(q.
v.
)(MR:214,471).
emlimmilm"desire,greed"(MIL-IK)emlinnilm"friendship"(NIL/NDIL)emlissilm"starlight",alsonameoftengwa29(AppendixE);silmnuquerna"sreversed",nameoftengwa30,similartonormalsilmbutturnedupsidedown(AppendixE).
IntheEtymologies,stemSIL,silmisdefinedasthe"lightofSilpion"(Telperion),andalsoapoeticwordfor"silver".
emlisiisilm"moonlight",occurringinMarkirya;freetranslation"themoon"inMC:215(isilmilcalass,lit.
"moonlightgleaming-in"="inthemoongleaming")emlohholm"odour"(袿L)emloNNolmknowledge,Philosophy(includingScience)"(PM:360cf.
344)emlossolm"wave"(LT1:266)emluaqqualm("q")"agony,death"(KWAL,LT1:264)emluyyulm(1)"drinking,carousal"(WJ:416)emluyyulm(2)"red[heat]"(theglosswasillegible)(YUL)emm-mmpronominalending,exclusive"we",seeninvamm"wewon't"(WJ:371)emmaamm"mother"(AM1)em骴nittind髆"starrytwilight,starlitdusk"(DOMO,TIN,SA:tin),usuallyofthetimeneardawn,notnearevening(SA:tin)em骴nuund髆"twilight",usuallyofthetimenearevening,notneardawn(thatistind髆)em髄l髆as"dusk".
InL髆ion"ChildofTwilight[dusk]",theQuenyanameAredhelsecretlygavetoMaeglin(SA).
Otherwisel髆isusuallydefinedas"night"(Letters:308,LR:41,SD:302,SA:d);theEtymologiesdefinesl髆as"Night[asphenomenon],night-time,shadesofnight"(DO3/D,LUM,DOMO).
Inearly"Qenya"theglosswas"dusk,gloom,darkness"(LT1:255).
Cf.
l髆elindpl.
l髆elindi"nightingale"(SA:d,LR:41;SD:302,MR:172,DO3/D,LIN2,TIN).
Derivedadjective*l髆隺"gloomy"inL髆隺nor"Gloomyland";seeTaurelil髆隺-tumbalemorna.
.
.
em髄adlaAldal髆place-name*"Tree-night"or*"Tree-twilight"(LotR2:IIIch.
4)em髄iriWWiril髆anameofthegreatSpider(Ungoliant)(LT1:254)em髄is鞨H韘il髆(place-name)"Hithlum"(SA:h顃h,LUM)emonissinom"inthisplace"(EO)emorOOromnameofaVala,adoptedandadaptedfromValarin.
ObservesPengolodh,"theEldarnowtakethenametosingify'horn-blowing'or'horn-blower',buttotheValarithadnosuchmeaning"(WJ:400-401,cf.
SA:romandROM,T罻ARinEtym).
GenitiveOrom雘andpossessiveOrom関ainWJ:368.
emraCCarm("k")"art"(UT:459)emracessEEssecarm"name-making"(MR:214,470),Eldarinceremonywherethefatherannouncesthenameofhischild.
Essecenta(-"kenta")*"Name-essay"(seecenta)(MR:415)emracneiooiencarm"perpetualproduction"inoiencarmEruo("k")"theOne's[Eru's]perpetualproduction",freerendering"God'smanagementoftheDrama"(MR:471)emrassarm"writing"(VT39:8)emreinnierm(Narqelion)emresserm"friend"(fem.
)(SER)emrewhhwerm"gesture-code"(WJ:395)emreykkyerm*"prayer",isolatedfromErukyerm(UT:166)emreykurEErukyerm"PrayertoEru",aN鷐en髍eanfestival(UT:166,436)emrinnirm"actofwill"(VT39:30)emroorm(1)"haste,violence,wrath","rushing"(noun)(GOR,KHOR)emroorm(2)"summit,crest"(LT1:256;this"Qenya"wordisprobablyobsoletedby#1above)emrohhorm"urgency"(confusedwithorm"rushing")(KHOR)emrummurm"slumber"(LT1:261)emu醠lum>laum"noindeednot,onthecontrary"("alsousedforaskingincredulousquestions")(LA)em鷐pa.
t.
ofum-(andu-)(UGU/UMU)emuallaumv閚"virginity"(WEN/WENED)eniauqquain("q")"wailing(pl.
)"(MC:213;thisis"Qenya")eniavvain"sheath"(LT1:271)eniffin"ahair"(PM:340)or"larch"(SPIN)en韑l韓"cobweb"(SLIG)enilia#ailin(nominativeuncertain)a"Qenya"wordfor"shore,beach"(matureQuenyahresta).
Onlyattestedininflectedforms:sg.
ablativeailinello"shore-from"(MC:213),sg.
locativeailinisse"onshore"(MC:221),pl.
locativeailissen"onbeaches"(for*ailinissen)(MC:221)enimmin"one"(MINI)enioviammaivoin"greatlonging"(LT2:345)enipmittimpin"spray"(LT1:268)en韙t韓"shining"(MC:213;thisis"Qenya")eniudnuNNunduin*"West-flow",nameofariverinN鷐enor(UT:168)eniuffuin"deepshadow"(PHUY;cf.
"Qenya"fuin"night"inMC:221)eniuhhuin"deepshadow"(PHUY),"gloom,darkness"(SA:fuin),alsousedfor"shadow"=Sauron(LR:56).
Withprefixnu-"under"andallativeending-nnainnuhuinenna(SD:246);alsounuhuin"under-shadow"(LR:47).
eniuhunuunuhuin"under-shadow"(LR:47);seehuin.
eniuhurunnuruhuin"death-shadow"(LR:47,56,SD:310)ennallann"tissue,cloth"(LAN)ennavvannpa.
t.
ofvanya-(WAN)ennevarravenn"she-lion"(LT1:260)en髇pa.
t.
ofonta-"beget,create"(ONO)en骴niLLind髇,Lindon"Lindon",place-name(WJ:385)enolh#hlonpl.
hloni"sounds"(ormaythesg.
be#hlon#hl髇)(WJ:394)en髄lavAAvall髇HavenandcityonTolEress隺.
IntheAkallab阾hthecityissaidtobesonamedbecauseitis"ofallcitiesthenearesttoValinor",buttheetymologyisnotfurtherexplained.
TheEtymologiesgivesAval髇a"theouterisle"=TolEressea(LONO,(AWA))en髇oon髇-seeer髇o(=on髍)en髍abmAAmbar髇"uprising,sunrise,Orient"(AM2)enraccarn"red"(SA:caran,MC:214,KAR罭-speltwithakinthetwolattersources),nottobeconfusedwiththepasttenseofcar-(carin).
enraffarn"dwelling",inorofarnenraforoorofarn"mountain-dwelling"(LotR2:IIIch.
4,translatedinLetters:224)enrassarn"strongplace"(SAR)enrav[varn隴(2)"protection"(BAR)enravvarn(1)"brown,swart,darkbrown",incompoundsvarni-(BAR罭)enreffern"beech-tree"(pl.
fernigiven).
Alsoferen.
(PHER/PH蒖EN)enroorn"tree"(Letters:308,SD:302:"whensmallerandmoreslenderlikeabirchorrowan",Etymstem覴-NI:"tree,highisolatedtree").
Fortheetymology,seeLetters:426.
Inornemalin"tree-yellow";seelaurelind髍enanlindelorendor.
.
.
(LotR2:IIIch.
4;cf.
Letters:308).
Masc.
nameOrnendil*"Tree-friend"(AppendixA)enroccorn("k")"loaf"(LT1:257)enrossorn,sor"eagle"(LT1:266);rathersorno,soroninmatureQuenyaenrutturnpa.
t.
oftur-(TUR)en鷆c鷑("k")"crescent,bow"(LT1:271).
Cf.
c.
en鷇naand鷑"sunset,west,evening"(ND,Markirya,SA),alsoinNam醨i:And鷑"West"(butthestandardQuenyatranslationof"west"isN鷐en)(Nam,RGEO:66)Cf.
andu-inAnd鷑i,And鷕il.
en鷏l鷑"blue"(LUG2,LT1:262;Nam醨ihas#luin)enullattallun"soleoffoot"(TALAM,RUN)en鷏leiNNiell鷑"Sirius"(astar),alsoNierninwa(LT1:262)閜p"lip",dualpeu"thetwolips,themouth-opening"(VT39:9).
Inanearliersource,theEtymologies,pwasglossed"mouth"(PEG)eplettelp"silver",telep-insomecompoundslikeTeleporno;assimilatedtelem-inTelemnar(KYELEP/TELEP,SA:celeb,LT1:255,268;alsotyelp,telep-,UT:266).
ThetrueQuenyadescendantofprimitive*kyelepistyelp,buttheTelerinformtelpwasmorecommon,"fortheTeleriprizedsilverabovegold,andtheirskillassilversmithswasesteemedevenbytheNoldor"(UT:266).
TelperiontheWhiteTreeofValinor;Telperien("Telperi雗"),fem.
nameincludingtelp-"silver"(AppendixA);Telperinquar"Silver-fist,Celebrimbor"(SA:celeb-alsoTyelperinquar);Telporno,Teleporno"Silver-high"=SindarinCeleborn(Letters:347,UT:266).
ItseemsthatTelepornoisproperlyTelerin,QuenyarizedasTelporno.
epleyttyelp"silver"(KYELEP/TELEP),etymologyalsoinLetters:426andUT:266.
TyelpisthetrueQuenyadescendantofprimitive*kyelep,buttheTelerinformtelpwasmorecommon,"fortheTeleriprizedsilverabovegold,andtheirskillassilversmithswasesteemedevenbytheNoldor"(UT:266).
epmattamp"copper"(LT1:268;inmatureQuenyatampis[also]thepasttenseoftap-"stop,block")epmattamppa.
t.
oft醦,seetap-(TAP)epmellemp"five"(LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK,GL:53)epmillimp"(wine),drinkoftheValar"(LIP),cf.
theearly"Qenya"gloss"drinkofthefairies"(LT1:258)epmittimp"finerain"(LT1:268,Narqelion)epmottomppa.
t.
oftop-(top)(TOP)閞r"day"(ofthesun)(AppendixD);short-rincompoundslikeRingarer醨"day"(PM:127)or"sunlight"(SA:arien).
Alsonameoftengwa31;cf.
alsoar#2.
Originallypronounced醶;when/z/mergedwith/r/,theletterbecamesuperfluousandwasgiventhenewvaluess,henceitwasre-namedess(AppendixE).
Also醨nuquerna*"醨reversed",nameoftengwa32,similartonormal醨butturnedupsidedown(AppendixE).
-IntheEtymologies,thiswordhasashortvowel:arpl.
ari(AR1)eradlonnoldar"mole";alsonolpa(GL:30)er醘f醨"sufficiency,plenitude,allthatiswanted"(PHAR)eragniRRingarthetwelfthandlastmonthoftheyear,"December"(AppendixD,SA:ring);thewordseemstomean"Cold-day".
erahhar,har"near"(LT1:253)eramlaalmar"blessedness,'blessings',goodfortune,bliss"(GALA)eramlIIlmar"starlight",alsonameofaMaia(GIL,SA:ilm-)er醤n醨,alsoshortn醨,"flame"(NAR1,Narqelion).
Translated"fire"insomenames,seeAican醨o,F隺n醨o(wheren醨apparentlyhasthemasculineending-o)erasattasar,tasar"willow-tree"(TATHAR).
InTasarinan*"Willow-valley",Nan-tasarion*"Valleyofwillows"(SA:tathar)er醫t醨"inthatday",nottranslatedinitsfirstoccurrenceinF韗iel'sSongeratnoontar"begetter,parent"(fem);pl.
ontari(seeontani)coversbothsexes.
(ONO)eratseyyestar*"first-day",thefirstdayoftheyear(loa),immediatelybeforetuil(AppendixD)er醬qqu醨(alsoqu醨)"fist"(SA:celeb,KWAR;intheEtymologies,Tolkienfirstwrotequ醨pl.
quari,andqu醨isalsofoundinPM:318.
Asusual,theEtymformshaveqinsteadofqu.
)AccordingtoPM:318,the"chiefuse[ofthisword]wasinreferencetothetightlyclosedhandasinusinganimplementoracraft-toolratherthantothe'fist'asusedinpunching".
er醳y醨"formerdays"(YA)eraynaffanyar"theskies"(notheavenorfirmament-theupperairsandclouds).
NotethatdespiteitsEnglishgloss,fanyarisasingularwordandthereforetakesasingularadjective/participle,asinfanyarr鷆ina"ruinedskies"inMarkirya(seeMC:220,note8forthistranslation)er醳neeny醨"inthatday"(pointingtothefuture)(FS)er醳nemullumeny醨"history,chronologicalaccount"(NAR2-read*l鷐eny醨)ereer,eren"iron"or"steel";EremanduvariantofAngamandu(Angband)(LT1:252;"iron"shouldbeangainmatureQuenya,butthesewordsmaybeusedfor"steel")eredne#enderpl.
enderi"middle-days",inthecalendarofImladristhreedaysinsertedbetweenthemonths(orseasons)y醰iandquell(AppendixD)er閔h閞"lordship"(LT1:272)er閕llaccalli閞"shone"("k")(MC:220;thisis"Qenya"-matureQuenya*call,*caltan.
)er閘iuttuil閞*"Spring-day",adayoutsidethemonthsintheSteward'sReckoning,insertedbetweenS鷏imandV韗ess(MarchandApril).
Inearly"Qenya",Tuil閞wassimplyglossed"Spring"(LT1:269).
er閟s閞"rest,repose,peace"(SED);seeunder鷜concerningthesentence鷜s閞indo-ninyas韒eninF韗iel'sSongeretter,ter"through"(NotesonCO,UT:317,TER/TERES,Narqelion)er関v閞"bond,troth,compact,oath"(WED)er閥nny閞"grief"(LT1:261),"sorrow"(GL:60)er[韗隴(3)"eternal"(read"eternity",assuggestedbyChristopherTolkien,butthewordwaschangedtooir)(GEY)er韗(1)"desire"(ID)er韗(2)"when"(relative,notquestion-word:韗Anarinyaqueluva,"whenmysunfaileth")(FS)eria[air(3)"eternity"(EY)]eriaair(1)"holy",airet醨iorAirT醨i"holyqueen"(atitleofVarda,PM:363),genitiveaire-t醨io"holy-queen's"(Nam,RGEO:67-butaccordingtoPM:363,airisthenoun"sanctity",whileairaistheadjective"holy")eriaair(2)"sea"(dat.
sg.
airengiven)(AYAR/AIR)eriaccair("k")"lay"(pa.
t.
of"lie")(MC:221;thisis"Qenya"-inmatureQuenya*caitanpa.
t.
ofcaita)eriaffair(1)"phantom,disembodiedspirit,whenseenasapaleshape"(pl.
fairiinMarkirya);alsoused="spirit(ingeneral)"(MR:349)eriaffair(2)"naturaldeath"(asact)(PHIR)eriaffair(3)"radiance"(PHAY)eriaffair(4)"free"(LT1:250)(userathermirimainmatureQuenya)eriallair(1)"summer"(Letters:283),inthecalendarofImladrisapreciselydefinedperiodof72days,butalsousedwithoutanyexactdefinition(AppendixD).
Oiolair"Eversummer";seeCoronOiolair.
Laireloss*"Summer-snow",nameofatree(UT:167),perhapswithwhiteflowers.
eriallair(2)"poem"(GLIR)eriallair(3)"meadow"(LT1:267,GL:39-perhapsadoubtfulwordinmatureQuenya,sincelairalreadyhastocarrytwoothermeanings)erialeteMMetelairalternativenameofAugust(PM:135)eriallEEllairalternativenameofJune(PM:135);evidentlyincorporatinglair"summer";theel-partisprobablyanassimilatedformofer-,anelementmeaningoneorfirst,Junebeingthefirstsummermonth.
erialloroCCorollair("Korollair")seeCoronOiolairerial驨N髄airalternativenameofJuly(PM:135)eriannair"lament"(noun)(NAY)eriapaapair"victory"(GL:17)eriatalAAlatair"GreatSea",nameofWesternOceanbetweenBeleriandandValinor,calledBelegaerinSindarin(罫AT,AYAR/AIR)eriaVVair"theWeaver",nameofaVali,spouseofMandos(Silm,WEY).
Thenameistranslated"Ever-weaving"inVT39:10,anditisimpliedthatthearchaicformwas*WairratherthanWeir,thereconstructiongivenintheEtymologies(LR:398).
eriffirpl.
firi"mortalman"(PHIR)("Firi"isnotclearlyglossedandmayalsobeanarchaicformfromwhichfirisderived,sinceword-finalshort*ibecameeinQuenya-butsincewewouldratherexpectthespelling*phiriifitwereanarchaicform,itisbesttakenasthepl.
offir.
)er韑l韗"song",instrumentall韗inen"in[the]song"or*"by[the]song"(Nam,RGEO:67)er韒m韗"jewel"(MIR,SA:m顁).
Cf.
Elemm韗;shortform-mirinTar-Atanamir.
(SA:m顁)er韒adrAArdam韗"JeweloftheWorld",masc.
name(PM:348)er韒annavayyavannam韗"Yavanna-jewel",nameofatreewithglobedandscarletfruits(UT:167)er韒melEElemm韗*"Star-jewel"(elen+m韗e,noteassimilationnm>mm),nameofastar/planet(possiblyMercury,MR:435,wherethespellingisElemmir);alsonameofanElf.
(SA:m顁)er韒odloNNoldom韗lit.
*"Noldo-jewel",anotherwordforSilmaril(袵OLOD).
Wouldrepresentearlier*裲ldom韗andshouldbespeltaccordinglyinTengwar.
er韒ulIIlum韗*"World-jewel",anotherwordforSilmaril(IL)er韓n韗"tear"(NEI)eriooir"everlasting[age]"(Readingofglossuncertain)(OY)erioccoir"stirring",inthecalendarofImladrisapreciselydefinedperiodof54days(AppendixD),buttranslated"thefirstdayofSpring"intheSilmarillionAppendix(SA:cuivi).
Early"Qenya"hascoir("k")"life"(LT1:257;inlaterQuenya,thewordfor"life"iscuil;however,cf.
theadj.
coir隺"living"occurringbothinanearlyandalatesource).
erioc驨N骳oiralternativenameofMarch(PM:135)eriocrEErcoiralternativenameofFebruary(PM:135)erion#noir"tomb",isolatedfromNoirinan,q.
v.
er韘s韗"river"(SIR),"stream"(LT1:265)er髍(1)"heart"(innermind),alsonameoftengwa21.
(AppendixE)Cf.
thedescriptionofGaladrielinPM:337,that"theredweltinherthenobleandgenerousspirit(髍)oftheVanyar".
er髍(2)"rising"(ORO),cf.
early"Qenya"髍"thedawn,Sunrise,East"(LT1:264)erodloppoldor(notglossed,derivedfrompolda"strong,burly")(POL/POLOD)er骴nAAnd髍fullformofAndor,"landofgift",nameofN鷐enor(SD:247)er骽h髍"impulse"(KHOR),h髍隺"impulsion"(KHOR)(shouldprobablymean*"impulsive"instead-ChristopherTolkienmayhavemisreadthegloss)er髄l髍"slumber"(LOS)erommor"black"(MOR),"dark,darkness"(Letters:282)er髆m髍"blackness,dark,night,darkness"(MOR,MC:214),alsogivenwithshortvowel:mor"dark,darkness"(Letters:282)er髇n髍"land"(associatedwithaparticularpeople)(WJ:413),"country,land,dwelling-place,regionwherecertainpeoplelive,race,clan"(N,NDOR,BAL),alsoused="people"(SA:d魊;however,thenormalwordfor"people"isli).
Early"Qenya"hasn髍"nativeland,nation,family,country"(incompounds-nor)(LT1:272)er髇anrAArnan髍,Arnanor"Arnor",RoyalLand(so#arna="royal")(Letters:428)er髇atseLLestan髍"Doriath",gen.
Lestan髍雘(WJ:369)er髇oon髍"sister"(ofblood-kin)(THEL/THELES,N;bothoftheseentriesintheEtymologiesasreproducedinLRhavethereading"on髇e",butthe"OldNoldorin"cognatewan鹯elistedintheentryTHEL/THELESseemstoindicatethattheQuenyawordshouldbeon髍;thelettersnandrareeasilyconfusedinTolkien'shandwriting.
Thereisnoclearevidenceforafeminineending-ninQuenya,while-risrelativelywellattested;cf.
forinstanceontar=femaleparent,mother.
)er髇em鶱N鷐en(n)髍"peopleofthewest",confusedwithN鷐endor"landofthewest"(SA:d魊);henceN鷐enorasthenameofthegreatislegiventotheEdainbytheValar(FS,LR:56);fullformN鷐en髍(LR:47,SD:247,ND);allativen鷐en髍enna"toN鷐enor"(LR:56)eronewiAAiwenor(read*Aiwen髍),Aiwenor"Birdland"=lowerair(AIW)er髇ilaVValin髍(BAL,NDOR),usuallyshortenedValinor,"theland(orpeople)oftheValar",*"Vali-land"(Vali=Valar),landoftheGodsintheWest(BAL,NDOR);cf.
Valandor.
Intheearly"QenyaLexicon",Valinor,Valin髍isglossed"Asgard",thenameofthecityofthegodsinNorsemythology(LT1:272).
Possessive(hereobjectgenitive)Valin髍evainNurtalValin髍eva,the"HidingofValinor"(Silm).
eroppor"flour,meal"(POL/POLOD)er髍anaanar髍"sunrise"(ORO)erouHHuor"Heart-vigour"(masc.
name)(KH-N)er髒urimmiruv髍"meed","aspecialwineorcordial".
Alsoshortmiruvor.
Possessivemiruv髍eva"ofmeed"(Nam,RGEO:66;WJ:399)Inthe"QenyaLexicon",miruv髍wasdefined"nectar,drinkoftheValar"(LT1:261).
er鷕"heat",alsonameoftengwa36(AppendixE)eruaaur"sunlight,day"(SA:ur),locativeauress"in(the)morning"inMarkiryaeruaccaur("k")"fear"(LT1:257)eruallaur"gold",butofgoldenlightandcolour,notofthemetal.
InEtymdefinedas"lightofthegoldenTreeLaurelin,gold"-butnotproperlyusedofthemetalgold(L罻AR/GL罻AR,GLAW(-R)).
Inearly"Qenya",however,laurwasdefinedas"(themysticnameof)gold"(LT1:255,258)orsimply"gold"(LT1:248,268).
erualacaMMacalaur("Makalaur"),masc.
name,themother-name(neverusedinnarrative)ofCanafinw=Maglor(PM:353,MAK);hisSindarinnameisseentobebasedonhismother-name.
IntheEtymologies,Macalaurisinterpreted"Gold-cleaver"(MAK)erualodnUUndolaur"Glorund"(>Glaurung).
AlsoLaurundo.
(LT2:341)eruammaur"need"(MBAS)eruattaur"(great)wood,forest"(SA:taur,Letters:308,T罻AR),pl.
tauriinMarkiryaer鷏l鷕"darkweather"(LT1:259)er鷏appal鷕"surface,bosom,bosomofEarth"(=OldEnglishfolde)(PAL);cf.
Pal鷕ien.
er鷐oiOOiom鷕place-name;*"Ever-mist"(Silm)er鷖s鷕"wind",instrumentals鷕inen"inthewind"ormoreliterally*"bythewind"(Nam,RGEO:66,Markirya);S鷕ionmasc.
name,*"Wind-son"(AppendixA).
Early"Qenya"hass鷕u(MC:213,216,220)er鷗t鷕"mastery,victory"(TUR)erutsuttustur"tinder"(LT1:270)es醘f醩"gap,gulf"(GL:36)es閚n閟()"youth",alsoness(NETH)es韍h韘(1)"mist,fog"(KHIS/KHITH).
Earlier"Qenya"words,probablyobsoletedbythisword:(2)"dusk"(LT1:255),(3)"blinking"()(MC:214)esipmissimpis"piping"(LT1:266)espallaps"babe"(LAP)espelleps"finger"(LEP/LEPET)esputtups"thatch"(TUP)ess-sslocativeending;inL髍iendess,q.
v.
;pl.
-sseninyassen,mahalmassen,q.
v.
Theendingsforpart.
pl.
(-lissor-lissen)anddual(-ts)areonlyknownfromthePlotzletter.
essaciaaicass("k")(1)"mountainpeak"(AYAK)essaciaaicass("k")(2)"pinetree"(GL:17;this"Qenya"wordisevidentlyobsoletedby#1above.
)essacraccarcass,carcaras("k")"rowofspikesorteeth"(LT2:344-matureQuenyahascarcan,butthesewords,especiallycarcass,maystillbevalid)essacreercass("k")"holly"(ER蒏)essadnahhandass"intelligence"(KHAN)essaevv隺ss"vigour"(WEG)essaffass"tangledhair,shaggylock"(PHAS)essallass"leaf",pl.
lassi(Nam,RGEO:66,Letters:283,LAS1,LT1:254,VT39:9,Narqelion);gen.
lass雘"ofaleaf",gen.
pl.
lassion"ofleaves"(earlierlassio)(WJ:407);lasselanta"leaf-fall",used(aswasquell)forthelatterpartofautumnandthebeginningofwinter(AppendixD,Letters:428);henceLasselantaalternativenameofOctober(PM:135).
essalaalass"joy,merriment"(GAL罶)essalaccalass("k")"clarity,brilliance"(GL:39)essalaffalass,alsoshortfalas(falass-),"shore,beach"(LT1:253,LT2:339);falass"shore,lineofsurf"(SA:falas),"beach"(PHAL/PH罫AS);FalassN鷐隺"WesternSurf"(LT1:253)essalavvalass"divinity"(orrather*"valahood";thewordshouldprobablynotbeusedwithreferencetothedivinityofEru).
(BAL)essaleuqinattaniquelassnameoftree(UT:167),perhapsTanique(til)+lass"leaf"essaluaqiaLLaiqualass("q")"Legolas"(Greanleaf)(LT1:267)essamiaccaimass("k")"lyinginbed(noun),sickness"(KAY)essannass"thorn,spike"(NAS)essanravvarnass"security"(BAR)essanrotootornass"brotherhood"(TOR)essapohhopass"harbourage"(KHOP)essarrass"horn"(especiallyonlivinganimal,butalsoappliedtomountains)(RAS,PM:69)essarattarass(Narqelion)essaraynafrAArfanyarass,Arfanyaras(*Arfanyarass-)a"variantorcloseequivalent"ofTaniquetil(WJ:403)essatletteltass"awning"(GL:70)essatnailliantass"vine"(LT1:271)essauqiallaiquass("q")"greenness"(LT1:267)essay#yass(1)"inwhich",pl.
yassenreferringbacktoapluralnoun.
(Nam,RGEO:66)essayyass(2)"onceuponatime"(YA);writersshouldratheruseyal鷐essory醨essofsimilarmeaningtoavoidconfusionwith#1above.
essayagnaangayass"misery"(LT1:249)esseess(1)"name",alsolaternameoftengwa31,originallycalled醨(醶).
(AppendixE).
Pl.
essiinPM:339andMR:470.
esseess(2)"beginning"(ESE/ESET).
ThisentrywasmarkedbyaqueryinEtym,andawordintheappendicestoLotRsuggeststhatitwasemendedtoYESE/YESET;weshouldthereforeread*yessforess.
essedniffindess"aheadofhair,aperson'shairasawhole"(PM:345)esselemmeless,meles"love"(LT1:262;rathermelminmatureQuenya)esselimaamiless"mothername"(amil"mother"+ess"name"),namegiventoachildbyitsmother,sometimeswithpropheticimplications(amilessiterceny"mother-namesofinsight"(MR:217)essemlic#cilmesspl.
cilmessi"selv-names",literallynamesofpersonalchoice(PM:339)(cilm+essi,hence*"choice-names").
essem鷏ayyal鷐ess"onceuponatime"(YA)essenness"youth";alson閟(NETH)essenaaness"given(oradded)name"(encompassingbothepessiandamilessi)(MR:217)essenatsEEstaness"thefirstborn",read*Yestaness(*Yestanessi),seeess#2-butinalatertext,TolkienusedMinn髇ar(q.
v.
)for"theFirstborn"asanameoftheElves,andthisformistobepreferred.
essenavvaness"beauty"(LT1:272)essenevveness"virginity"(WEN/WENED)essepeepess"after-name",nickname,mostlygivenasatitleofadmirationorhonour(PM:339,UT:266)esser醳y醨ess"onceuponatime"(YA)essereeress"solitude"(ERE)esser鞻V韗essfourthmonthoftheyear,"April"(AppendixD)esser髍ess"inmorning"(MC:214),evidentlythelocativeof髍#2.
esset驦L髏essfifthmonthoftheyear,"May"esseuqquess"feather",alsonameoftengwa4(AppendixE,WJ:417,KWES)essevvess"wife"(BES)essiiss"knowledge,lore"(LT2:339;ratheristainmatureQuenya)essi-issafeminineending,asin蛂iss(PM:345)essilliss"sweet"(Nam,RGEO:66)essil-lissor-lissenendingforpartitivepl.
locative(Plotz);see-liessilemmeliss"lover"(f.
)(MEL)essilivviliss"spirit"(GL:23)essinniss"woman";seen韘essir蛂issfem.
name(PM:345),evidentlyconnectedto韗"desire".
essiricciriss("k")"slash,gash"(KIRIS)essiuqninninquiss("q")"whiteness"(NIK-W)essooss"terror"(GOS/GOTH)essOOssnameofaMaia,adoptedandadaptedfromValarin(WJ:400),thoughconnectedwiththecommonnounoss"terror"inEtym(GOS/GOTH)essohhoss"army,band,troop"(LT2:340)essolloss(1)"blossom"("usually,owingtoassociationwitholossesnow,onlyusedofwhiteblossom")(LOT(H))essolloss(2)"snow"oradj.
"snow-white"(SA:los,MC:213)essolo唎loss"snow,fallensnow",alsoshortolos.
(GOL覵,LOT[H])essoloI[Ioloss隴"EverlastingSnow"=Taniquetil(GEY,EY;changedtoOioloss)essoloiOnorOOronOioloss"MountEverwhite"(WJ:403)essolossoloss"surf,surge"(LT1:266);alsosoloressonnoss"clan,family,'house'"(N),"kindred,family"(PM:320),"kin,people"(LT1:250,LT1:272,LT2:338)essorross"finerain,dew"(ROS1,PM:371)essorelEElerossmasc.
name,"starfoam",starlitfoam,SindarinElros(PM:348)essoremliSSilmerossanameofSilpion(Telperion)(ROS1,SIL)essulluss"awhisperingsound"(SLUS/SRUS)essulecceluss("k")"freshlet,waterfallingoutswiftlyfromarockyspring"(UT:426)essuluyttyuluss"poplar-tree"(TYUL)essummuss"soft"(VT:39:17),alsousedasanoun(perhapsprimarilyinthepl.
formmussi)withthesamemeaningasmusstengwi,seebelow.
(VT39:17)essurruss"corruscation,唖word-blade"(RUS)estaffats,fas"tassel"(GL:34)estannats"web,net"(NAT)estayhhyats"cleft,gash"(SYAD)estillits"sand"(LIT)estolabma*ambalots"uprising-flower",referringto"theflowerorfloreatedeviceusedasacrestfixedtopointofatall[illegibleword:archaic]helmet".
Strangely,thewordisasteriskedasunattested(WJ:319)estorrots"pipe"(LT2:347);pl.
rotser()inNarqelionesuannaus()"imagination"(NOWO)ette"them"(LotR3:VIch.
4,translatedinLetters:308)etcennect"honey"(LT1:262;matureQuenyahaslis;otherwise,nectwouldhavehadtobecomeneht,butthiswordmeans"spearhead,gore,wedge,narrowpromontory"inmatureQuenya[UT:282].
)etcolloct("k")"blossom(offlowersinbunchesorclusters)"(LT1:258;wouldhavetobecome*lohtinmatureQuenya)etheeht"spear"(EK/EKTE)ethennehtanyformationorprojectiontaperingtoapoint:aspearhead,gore,wedge,narrowpromontory(UT:282)ethol*lohtseeloctetiammait"handed"inAngamait,hyarmait,morimait,Telemmait,q.
v.
Etymgivesmaitpl.
maisi"handy,skilled"(MA3)etiamagnAAngamait"Iron-handed",masc.
name(Letters:347)etiamirommorimait"black-handed"(LotR3:VIch.
6)etiammeleTTelemmaitmasc.
name,*"Silver-handed"(AppendixA)etiamrayhhyarmait"lefthanded"(KHYAR)etiamrofformait"righthanded,dexterous"(PHOR)etianeinnienait"bleared"(MC:214),*"tearfully"(seecild)(MC:221;thisis"Qenya")etiavenraccarnevait("k")"redsky"(MC:221;thisis"Qenya")etieminiinimeit"female"(INI)etienneit"wax"(GL:60;ratherl韈oinmatureQuenya.
Thestatusofthediphthongeiisuncertain.
)et韓n韙"moist,dewy"(NEI)et韓olh#hlon韙"phonetic",onlyattestedinthepl.
inthephrasehlon韙itengwi"phoneticsigns"(sg.
#hlon韙tengw)(WJ:395).
Theform#hlon韙waschangedbyTolkienfromhlonait,asinhlonaittengwesta"atengwesta(q.
v.
)employingphoneticsigns"(VT39:4),hlonaititengwi"phoneticsigns"(VT39:4)etioccoit("k")"livingbeing"(LT1:257)etiolahhaloit"leaping"(LT1:254)etiovammavoit"havinghands"(LT2:339)etiovam醨r醡avoit"havingwings"(LT2:335,Narqelion)etiovawnawwanwavoit"windy"(LT1:266)etiovunahhanuvoit"male"(prob.
adj.
)(INI)etiovuruuruvoit"fiery"(LT1:271)etiuruuruit"fiery"(UR;thisstemwasstruckoutinEtym,butseveralwordsthatmustbederivedfromitoccurinLotR,soitseemsthatTolkienrestoredit.
)etlayyalt"bridge"(GL:37)(TheEtymologiesgivesyanta.
)etliv-vilt"-less",also-valta(evidentlyendingsusedtoderiveadjectiveslike"lifeless")(GL:23)etn-ntpronomimalending,inflexionof3plural("they")whennosubjectispreviouslymentioned(CO)etnaant"giver"(f.
)(ANA1)etnaccassaccant("k")"rent"(pasttenseofanotherwiseunattestedverb#saccat-"rend")(SD:246)etnahhantpa.
t.
ofhat-"breakasunder"(SKAT)etnailliant(1)"spider"(SLIG)etnailliant(2)"tendril"(LT1:271;this"Qenya"wordisperhapsobsoletedby#1above)etnailewgnUUngwelianttheSpider,allyofMorgoth(U袵)etnailognUUngoliant"Ungoliant"(theSpider,allyofMorgoth);alsoUngweliant(U袵,DYEL,SLIG)etnallant(1)noun"fall"inNoldolant,q.
v.
Alsolanta.
etnallant(2)"falling"(MC:214;thisis"Qenya"-matureQuenyalantala)etnalataatalant"collapse,downfall"etnalatAAtalant"theFallen"(name),"downfall,overthrow,especiallyasnameofthelandofN鷐enor"(DAT/DANT,TAL罷,Akallab阾h,SD:247,310;alsoLR:47).
etnalodloNNoldolant"theFalloftheNoldor"(nameofasong)(Silm)etnaooant"wentaway(toanotherplace)";pasttenseofauta-.
Alsoperfectoanti.
(WJ:365)etnayrAAryant"Daybringer"(AR1,ANA1)etnemment"point,end"(MET)etnevalaCCalavent("k")"Sun"(LT1:254)etnewwent"brook"(GL:46)etnissintpa.
t.
ofista-,q.
v.
(IS)etnorooront,oronto"Sunrise"(LT1:264)etnullunt"boat"(LUT,MC:216),"ship"(LT1:249,LT1:255)etnumaamunt"sunrise"(LT2:335;matureQuenyahasanar髍)et髄l髏"(largesingle)flower"(LOT(H),LT1:259).
(Theshorterform-lotoccursincompounds,e.
g.
f鷐ellot,q.
v.
)InthenamesNinquel髏e*"White-flower"(=Nimloth),Vingil髏"Foam-flower",thenameofE鋜endil'sship(SA:loth),alsoinL髏essfifthmonthoftheyear,"May"(AppendixD)et髄egniWWingel髏,Wingelot"foam-flower",nameofEarendel's[sic]boat(WIG,LOT(H))et髄igniVVingil髏e,Vingelot,Vingilot"Foam-flower",nameofE鋜endil'sship(SA:wing,Silm)et髇n髏"number"(NOT)et髇avaavan髏"withoutnumber,numberless"(AWA,AR2)etonuunot,alsounot隺(read*鷑ot,*鷑ot隺)"notcounted,uncounted"(VT39:14)etpillipt-"todrip"(LT1:258)etrennert"nine"(N蒚ER)etric*cirtseecertaetseEst"Repose,Rest"(WJ:403,EZD,SED),onlyusedasnameofaVali(WJ:404)etsihhist"dusk"(LT1:255)etsimmist"finerain"(MIZD)etsiwwist"weft"(LT1:254)etsurruste"crumbling"(MC:214;thisis"Qenya")ettame'vv'emattMaybetheprepostitionve+anotherwiseunknownwordematt.
(Narqelion)ettapallapatt"hare"(GL:52)etteett"outside"(ET)etuaaut"prosperity,wealth",alsoadj.
"rich"(LT2:336)et鷏l鷗"sail"(MC:213;thisis"Qenya")et鷑n鷗"bond,knot"(NUT)euu"fleece"(LT1:249)euqataataqu("q")"construction,building"(TAK)euqeequ"say/says"or"said"(atenselesspseudo-verbusedtointroducequotationsora"that"-construction);withaffixesequen"saidI",eques"saidhe/she"(WJ:392,415)euqinniqu"itiscold,itfreezes"(WJ:417),alsonounniqu("q")"snow"(NIK-W)euqlassalqu("q")"grass"(SAL罧-(W))euqneenqu("q")"six"(蒒EK)euqnillinqu("q")"wet"(LINKWI).
Inearly"Qenya",thiswordwasglossed"water"(LT1:262),and"wet"waslinquiorliquin,q.
v.
euqnilen鷏l鷑elinqu("q")"blue-wet"(),translated"surging"(MC:213,220;thisis"Qenya")euqnimminqu("q")"eleven"(MINIK-W,LT1:260)euqninninqu"white,chill,palid"(WJ:417,SA:nim,NIK-W-spelt"ninqe"inEtymandinLT1:266,MC:213,MC:220),pl.
ninquiinMarkirya.
Ninquel髏*"White-Flower"(SA:nim),=SindarinNimloth,theWhiteTreeofN鷐enor;ninqueruviss("q")"white-horse-on"(MC:216;thisis"Qenya",read*ninqueroccossinmatureQuenya)euqnineinnieninqu("q")"snowdrop",etymologically"whitetear"(NIK-W,LT1:262,266)euqnippinqu("q")(Narqelion)euqniruallaurinqunameofatree,possibly"Gold-fullone"(UT:168).
euqnuunqu"hollow"(noun)(UNUK),alsonameoftengwa16(AppendixE;therespeltunque,whiletheEtymologieshasunqe)euqsuusqu("q")"reek"(USUK)evve"as,like"(Nam,RGEO:66,Markirya,MC:213,214);inNarqelionvemaymeaneither"in"or"as"evadnaandav"long",asadverb.
(LotR3:VIch.
4,translatedinLetters:308)ev醨r醰"roaringnoise"(Markirya)ev醨hhr醰"flesh"(MR:349)ev醳y醰"fruit"(YAB),cf.
Yavanna.
Early"Qenya"hasy醰a,LT1:273.
ev醳tty醰pl.
#ty醰er"taste",noun(pl.
attestedonlyinthecompoundl醡aty醰er,seel醡aty醰.
)(MR:215,216)ev醳tam醠l醡aty醰(pl.
l醡aty醰erattested)"sound-taste"(l醡a+ty醰),individualpleasureinthesoundsandformsofwords(MR:215,471)evegninilippiliningev(Narqelion)evettev-"tohate"(LT1:268;inmatureQuenya,tevmaybeunderstoodasthe3.
personaorist)eviallaiv"ointment"(LIB2)ev韑l韛"sickness"(SLIW)ev韓n韛"pale"(MC:213;thisis"Qenya"-matureQuenyahasn閏a)ev韗hhr韛"winter",inthecalendarofImladrisapreciselydefinedperiodof72days,butalsousedwithoutanyexactdefinition(AppendixD)ev韗rEErr韛alternativenameofNovember(PM:135)ev韗reteMMeterr韛alternativenameofJanuary(PM:135)ev韗roNNorr韛alternativenameofDecember(PM:135)eviuccuiv("k")"awakening"(noun)(KUY)ev鷙"abundance,greatquantity"(UB)ev鷏iil鷙"allness,theall".
InIl鷙atar"All-father".
(SA;WJ:402,MR:471,IL)InMR:355,il鷙seemstobeequatedwithHeaven.
ew-wasuffixoccurringinmanypersonalnames,generallybutnotexclusivelymasculine;derivedfromastemsimplymeaning"person"(PM:340,WJ:399).
InEtym,-wissimplydefinedasanelementthatisfrequentinmasculinenames,anditistherederivedfromastem(WEG)havingtodowith"(manly)vigour".
ew醘f醱"snow"(GL:35)ew醳y醱"ravine,cleft,gulf"(YAG)ewgnarrangw"fathom"(RAK)ewgneengw"thing"(VT39:7)ewgnennengw"nose",pl.
nengwigiven(NE-WI)ewgnettengw(pl.
tengwiattested)"indication,sign,token",apparentlyoftenused=phonemeinalanguage(WJ:394).
IntheEtymologies,tengwisglossed"writing"(TEK),butalatersourceprovidesthewordsarmforthismeaning.
hlon韙itengwi"phoneticsigns"(WJ:395);#musstengwphraseonlyattestedinthepl.
:musstengwi("")"softelements",atermforvowels,semi-vowels(y,w)andcontinuants(l,r,m,n).
(Inthepl.
wewouldratherexpect*mussitengwiwiththepl.
formoftheadjective.
)(VT39:17)#sardatengw"hardsound",atermfor"consonant",butnotusedofsemi-vowels(y,w)andcontinuants(l,r,m,n).
(Onlypl.
sardatengwi[馷isattested;wewouldratherexpect#sardtengwiwiththepl.
formoftheadjective.
)Sardatengwiarealsosimplycalledsard"hards",seesarda.
(VT39:17).
#髆a-tengw"vowel"(onlypl.
髆a-tengwiattested);thisreferstovowelsconsideredasindependentphonemes,accordingtoF隺nor'snewinsightsonphonemics.
Also#髆隺.
(VT39:8;髆atengwi[""]withnohypheninVT39:16).
n醰a-tengw*"mouth-sign"="consonant"consideredasaphoneme(onlypl.
n醰a-tengwi["襻va-"]isattested).
Also#n醰隺.
F隺norlatersubstitutedtheterm#pataca(VT39:8)ewgnIIngwmasc.
name,"chief".
(PM:340,ING,WEG).
Pl.
Ingwer"Chieftains",whattheVanyarcalledthemselves.
IngwIngweron"chiefofthechieftains",propertitleofIngwashighking(PM:340)ewgnillingw"fish"(LIW)ewgnilam髆alingwe"voice-"(Narqelion;inmatureQuenya,髆ameans"voice"or"vowel"andlingwmeans"fish",butatleastthelatterglosscanhardlyberelevanthere)ewgnirringw"rime,frost"(LT1:265)ewgnuungw"spider'sweb",alsonameoftengwa8(AppendixE).
However,thiswordwasdefinedas"gloom"intheEtymologies(U袵),whileinearly"Qenya"itmeant"spider"("especiallyUngwtheGloomweaver",=Ungoliant)(LT1:271)ewiaaiw"(small)bird"(AIW,SA:lin#1);Aiwendil"LoverofBirds"(UT:401)ewiammaiw"gull"(MIW),pl.
maiwiinMarkirya.
Cf.
alsothe"Qenya"pl.
maiwin"gulls"(MC:213)ewiayyaiw"mocking,scorn"(YAY)ewlEElwmasc.
name,*"Star-person"(PM:340,WJ:369,WEG)ewliilw"sky,heavens"(LT1:255),"themiddleairamongthestars"(LT1:273)ewlOOlwmasc.
name(PM:340),difficulttointerpret(PM:341)ewlonnolwwisdom,secretlore"(袵OL)ewluttulw"pillar,standard,pole"(LT1:270)ewnaanwarchaicpasttenseofauta-,q.
v.
(WJ:365)ewnaMManw"BlessedBeing"(Letters:283),adoptedfromValarinM鈔awen鹺;namesendingin-wwerealreadyfrequentinQuenya(WJ:399).
IntheEtymologiesderivedfromMAN,WEG.
Cf.
M醤wen,M醤wtheoldestQuenyaformsofManw,closertotheValarinform(WJ:399).
Lower-casemanwinLR:56.
ewnaorrim#mirroanwpl.
mirroanwi"incarnates,those(spirits)'putintoflesh'"(MR:350)ewnarAAranw*"KinglyPerson",masc.
name(Silm)ewnarammaranw"destiny"(MBARAT)ewnassanw"thought"(VT39:23,30)ewnas髎anw髎anw"interchangeofthought","communicationofthought",telepathy(VT39:23,cf.
MR:415);觭anw-centa("k")"EnquiryintotheCommunicationofThought"(VT39:23cf.
MR:415)ewnattanw"craft,thingmade,decive,construction"(TAN)ewnayyanw"bridge,joining,isthmus"(YAT)ewnaylehhelyanw"rainbow",lit.
"sky-bridge"(3EL)ewneLLenwtheleaderoftheNandor(NandorinDenweg,primitive*Denwego)(WJ:412)ewnelEElenw*"Star-person",fem.
name(Silm)ewnevvenw"shape,cut"(prob.
noun)(LT1:254)ewniFFinwmasc.
name,apparentlydisplayingthefrequentending-wsuffixedtoastemnormallyhavingtodowithhair,butthenameisobscure(seeTolkien'sdiscussioninPM:340-341).
AlsoinEtym(PHIN,WEG)ewnifacruTTurcafinw"strong,powerful(inbody)Finw",masc.
name;hewascalledCelegorminSindarin.
ShortQuenyanameTurco.
(PM:352)ewnifanaCCanafinw"strong-voicedorcommandingFinw",masc.
name;hisSindarinnamewasMaglor(seeMacalaur).
ShortQuenyanameC醤o.
(PM:352).
ewnifayleNNelyafinw"Finwthird"(aftertheoriginalFinwandCurufinw=F隺nor),masc.
name;hewascalledMaedhrosinSindarin.
ShortQuenyanameNelyo.
(PM:352)ewnifaytiPPityafinw"LittleFinw",masc.
name;hewascalledAmrodinSindarin.
ShortQuenyanamePityo(PM:353)ewnifiroMMorifinw"darkFinw",masc.
name;hewascalledCaranthirinSindarin.
ShortQuenyanameMoryo.
(PM:353)ewnifoloNNolofinwFingolfin"(PM:344)ewnifuleTTelufinw"LastFinw",masc.
name;hewascalledAmrasinSindarin.
ShortQuenyanameTelvo.
(PM:353)ewnifuruCCurufinw(sospeltinSilm;"Kurufinw"inPM)*"SkillfulFinw",anameofF隺nor(PM:343);alsotheoriginoftheSindarinnameCurufin;F隺nornamedhisfavouritesonafterhimself.
ShortQuenyanameCurvo.
(PM:352)ewnittinw"sparkle",also"star";pl.
tinwi"sparks",properlyusedofthestar-imaginesonNur-menel(q.
v.
).
Cf.
nill.
(TIN,MR:388)Inearly"Qenya",tinwwassimplyglossed"star"(LT1:269,cf.
MC:214)ewnititnillintitinw"havingmanystars"(LT1:269)ewnoEE鰊wnameofaMaia,evidentlyadoptedandadaptedfromValarin(WJ:417)ewnoiFFionw(nameofaMaia;alsocalledE鰊w)(PHI,(WEG))ewnorovvoronw"steadfastness,loyalty,faithfulness"(CO),alsomasc.
nameVoronw"theFaithful"(PM:340,BOR覰,LT1:250)ewrahharw(1)"wound"(SKAR),(2)"treasure,treasury"(3AR)(Useratherharmafor"treasure".
)ewruccurw("k")"craft"(KUR);Curw("K")"technicalskillandinvention"(PM:360cf.
344)ewsihhisw"fog"(KHIS/KHITH)ewsuusw"issue,escape"(noun)(LT1:251)exammax("ks")"dough"(MASAG)exaraccarax("k,ks")"jaggedhedgeofspikes"(KARAK)exaracleHHelcarax,theGrindingIcebetweenAramanandMiddle-earth(SA;spelt"Helkarakse"intheEtymologies,stemKARAK).
Cf.
helca"icy,icecold".
exattax("ks")"nail"(TAK)exayyax"milchcow",alsoyaxi"cow"(inmatureQuenya,thelatterlookslikeaplural)(GL:36)exinnix"frost"(WJ:417)exittix("ks")"dot,tinymark,point"(TIK)exitamaamatix("ks")(dotorpointplacedabovethelineofwriting)(TIK)exitnunnuntix("ks")dotorpointplacedbelowthelineofwriting(TIK)exollox("ks")"hair"(LOK)eyye"is"(FS);apparentlyreplacedbyninmatureQuenya.
Futuretensey関a,q.
v.
閥yuntranslatedinterjectioninAragorn'sexclamationwhenhefoundthesaplingoftheWhiteTree:*"yeah!
"eyl-ly2.
personsg.
ending:"thou",hiruvaly"thoushaltfind"(Nam,RGEO:67)eyleely"eventhou",emphatic2.
personsg.
pronoun(Nam,RGEO:67)eyn-nypronominalsuffix"I";alsoshortform-n.
Inut鷙ienyes(seetuv-)eynarahharanylastyearofacenturyintheN鷐en髍eancalendar(AppendixD)eynassany()"rule,law"(STAN)eynecapaapacenyistranslated"foresight"inMR:216;yetthecontextandtheformoftheworditselfclearlyindicatesthatitisactuallythepl.
formofanadjective*apacenya"offoresight".
Thenoun"foresight"isalmostcertainly*apacen;cf.
tercen"insight".
(MR:216)Theliteralmeaningof*apacenis*"aftersight",sc.
knowledgeofthatwhichcomesafter.
[Essi]apaceny"[names]offoresight",propheticnamesgiventoachildbyitsmother(MR:216)eyneynnyeny"weeping"(LT1:262)eynissiny()"evening"(THIN)eynivraNNarvinyfirstmonthoftheyear,"January".
Thewordseemstomean"NewFire/Sun".
(AppendixD)eyttye"you,thee"asobject(LR:70,Arct)ey鷜averboccurringinF韗iel'sSong,apparentlyye"is"withthenegativeprefix-,hence"isnot"(鷜s閞indo-ninyas韒en,translated"myhearthrestethnothere",literallyevidently*"[there]isnotrest[for]myhearthere")ez醶see醨gneffeng-"reed"(GL:34).
Somefinalvowelwouldobviouslyberequired.
Useratherlisc.
ii"the",indeclinabledefinitearticle(I,Nam,RGEO:67,Markirya,WJ:369,WJ:398,MC:215,216,221;directlyprefixedi-ini-mar[FS],i-Ciryamo[UT:8]andi-aldar*"thetrees"[Narqelion];withnohypheninicilyanna=icilyannainSD:247).
Alsorelativepronoun:i"theone/theywho"(botharticleandrelativepronouninCO:iEruiorilymahalmar隺:theOnewhoisaboveallthrones",ih醨ar"theywhoaresitting").
Notethatbeforeaverb,imeans"theonewho",or,inthecaseofapluralverb,"thosewho";cf.
alsoicarirquettar髆ainen"thosewhoformwordswithvoices"(WJ:391).
i-inominativepluralendingregularlyusedonnounsendinginaconsonantandin-(exceptasapartof-i);inthelattercase,-isdisplaced(Quendpl.
Quendi).
iaai!
interjection"Ah!
","Alas!
"(Nam,RGEO:66;alsotwiceinNarqelion,untranslated.
)iadlissildai(Narqelion)iannai(1)"beitthat",usedwithafuturetense-verbtoexpressawish.
Thetranslation"maybe"inTolkien'srenderingofNam醨iissomewhatmisleading;heused"beitthat"intheinterlineartranslationinRGEO:67.
NaihiruvalyValimar!
Naielyhiruva!
*"MaythoufindValimar.
Mayeventhoufindit!
"(Nam).
Naitiruvantes"beitthattheywillguardit">"maytheyguardit"(CO)iannai(2)"alas"(NAY;maybeobsoletedby#1above-inmatureQuenya,aiistobepreferred)ianilammalinai(Narqelion)iarabmaenraccarneambarai("k")"red-"(Narqelion;veryearly"Qenya")iavulucculuvai("k")(Narqelion)iawwai(whattheprimitiveelementwei"wind,weave"becameinQuenya;thereforeconfusedwiththestemWAY"enfold")(WEY)iclennelci("k")pl.
ofnelet(N蒐-EK)icrannarci-("k")"torend"(N罵AK)idleeldi"stars",apl.
ofelen(q.
v.
)occasionallyfoundinverseidlenama趍aneldi*"Non-AmanElves",ElveswhoneverdweltinAman(=趍anyar)(WJ:373).
Sg.
#趍anel,#趍aneld-.
idlezaOOazeldiVanyarin(andoriginal)formofOareldi;seeOarel(WJ:374)idlinnavaYYavannildi"FollowersofYavanna"(sg.
*Yavannild),Elvishwomenwhoknewandkeptthesecretofthemakingofcoimas(lembas)(PM:404)idnamaamandipl.
of髆an,q.
v.
(amandiisevidentlyamisreadingfor*omandi)(OM)idnamagnAAngamandiseeAngamando(LT1:249)idneuQQuendi"Elves"asarace(analogicalsg.
quend,notmuchused)(WJ:361;SA:quen-/quet-,WJ:372,KWEN(ED),spelt"qende,Qendi"inEtym).
Gen.
pl.
Quendion(PM:395)idneuqquendi"Elvishwoman",pl.
quendirgiven(MR:229;changedfromquendpl.
quender);thesg.
quendimustnotbeconfusedwiththepl.
Quendi,seeabove.
idniindi-apparentlyanameofMen,hardlyvalidinmatureQuenya(LT2:343)idniLLindiWhattheGreen-elves(Laiquendi,Nandor)calledthemselves;alsousedinExilicQuenya(WJ:385)idnissindi"river"(LT1:265;rathers韗inmatureQuenya)idnisuleccelusindi("k")"ariver"(LT1:257;hardlyavalidwordinmatureQuenya-uses韗)idniuqraSSarquindi("q")"Cannibal-ogres"(LT2:347)igniuqquingi("q")"twang,ofstrings,harp"(LT1:256;ratherting,tangoinmatureQuenya)il-lipartitivepl.
ending(simplycalledapluralsuffixintheEtymologies,stemLI);genitive-lioninvanim醠ion,allative-linnaand-linnarinfalmalinnar,q.
v.
TheothercasesareonlyknownfromthePlotzletter:possessive-l韛a,dative-lin,locative-lissor-lissen,ablative-lilloor-lillon,instrumental-l韓en,"respective"-lis.
illesselli()pl.
ofseler(THEL/THELES)immi"in,within"(MI);m"inthe"(Nam,RGEO:66;COgivesmi;thecorrectformsshouldevidenlybemi="in"andm=mii"inthe").
Allativeminna"totheinside,into"(MI).
imeccemi"earth,soil,land";C閙i("k")"MotherEarth"(LT1:257;the"Qenya"wordcemisurelycorrespondstocemeninmatureQuenya)im髄l髆i"clouds"(MC:214;thisis"Qenya")im髄udnammandul髆i"hell-shadows"(MC:221;thisis"Qenya")imreNNermi"afield-spirit"(LT1:262)im鷆aiOOiac鷐i("k")=Avac鷐a("k"),theExteriorVoidbeyondtheWorld(OY,cf.
AWA)韓唍"woman,female"(NI1,INI(N蔙))inni"I",dativenin"forme"(Arct,Nam,RGEO:67)inatnoontani(misreadingforontari,SD:73),pl.
ofontaro,ontar(ONO)in閥nny閚i"she-goat"(LT1:262)iniAAinifeminineformofAinu(AYAN,LT1:248);seeAinu.
inracorOOrocarni"theRedMountains",place-name:lit.
*"Mountain-Reds"(Silm)inravvarni"queen"(LT1:273;rathert醨iinmatureQuenya)inrottornipl.
oftoron(TOR)inuruccuruni("k")"witch"(ofthegoodmagic)(LT1:269)iooi"ever"(OY)ioemm雘i"cat",asomewhatstrangewordbymatureQuenyastandards(noothercasesoffinal-oiinthesingular).
VardoMeoita"PrinceofCats";meiotaseemstobeakindofadjectiveratherthanagenitive(LT2:348).
ionnoi"lament"(NAY)iottoi"they"(FS;replacedbyteinmatureQuenya)iram韚qqu韒ari("q")"phantoms"(MC:213;inmatureQuenyafairi,sg.
fair)irassaassari"bones"()(MC:214;thisis"Qenya")ir醫t醨i"queen",usedespeciallyofVarda(T/TA3,LT1:264),etymologically"shethatishigh"(SA:tar).
Genitivet醨io.
Elent醨i"Starqueen",atitleofVarda.
(Nam,RGEO:67).
Tarinya"myqueen"(UT:179;sic,not*t醨inya)ir醫alaVValat醨i"Vala-queen"(BAL;itistheresaidthatValahasnofeminineformexceptthiscompound,butSilmgivesVali)ir醫nelEElent醨i"Star-queen",titleofVarda(EL,SA:tar)ir醫nemeKKement醨i"Earth-queen",titleofYavanna.
(SA:tar)irehheri"lady"(KHER,LT1:272)irial趌airi"Nazg鹟"(sg.
*趌air*趌air)Etymologyobscure.
iric骽h骳iri-"cutoff"(cutofarequiredportion,soastohaveitoruseit)(WJ:365,368)(Normalaoristprobably*h骳ir,present/continuativetense*h骳韗a,pasttenseh骳irn)ir髄ePPel髍i"FencingHeights",themountainsraisedbytheValartoprotectAman(SA:pel,WJ:403)ir髆m髍i"dark"(MC:221;thisis"Qenya";inmatureQuenyam髍,mor)irommori"night"(LT1:261,inmatureQuenyam髍,mor)ir鷕i"sun"(MC:214,221;thisis"Qenya");genitive鷕io"sun's"(MC:216)ir鷐ulUUlum鷕iThegreathornsofUlmo;etymologyobscure(Silm)韘s"now"(Nam,RGEO:67,LR:47,310),sin(SI,LR:47)ors韓(SD:247,310)beforevowels.
Comparethedistributionofa/aninEnglish.
InF韗iel'sSong,sistranslated"here".
isiallaisi,alsolaito,"youth,vigour,newlife"(LT1:267)isiolahhaloisi"thesea(instorm)"(LT1:254)islaVValsi=Valis(LT1:272)issocnasSancossi("k")"theGoblins"(LT2:341)itnoron鶯L鷑oronti"BlueMountains"(LUG2)itsiwniinwisti"mind-mood"(changedbyTolkienfrominwaldi)(MR:216,471)iuFFui"Night"(PHUY)iuHHui"Night"(PHUY),inearlier"Qenya"definedas"evening"(MC:214)or"fog,dark,murk,night"(LT1:253).
iuqlettelqui("q")(analogical)pl.
oftelco(T蒐EK)iuqnarranqui("q")pl.
ofranco(RAK)iuqnillinqui("q")"wet"(MC:216;matureQuenyahaslinqu.
)iuqnirutturinqui("q")"queen"(LT1:260;apparentlythefem.
oftur.
InmatureQuenya,"queen"ist醨i.
)iuqnissinqui("q")(Narqelion)iuqroorqui("q")pl.
oforco("k")(覴OK,LT2:336)ivurehem鷑n鷐eheruvi"Lords-of-West"(*"West-lords")inSD:246iwgnal*langwi-seelangoixayyaxi"cow"(inmatureQuenya,thislooksratherlikeaplural);cf.
yax"milchcow"(GL:36)l-lreducedpronominalaffixofthe2.
person,"you"(pl.
).
Seeheca!
(WJ:364)la'al-"thrive"(GALA;the'simplyindicatesthattheoriginalinitialGhasdisappearedandneednotnormallybeincluded.
)labmaambal"shapedstone,flag"(MBAL)laccal-"shine",futuretensecaluva("k")"shallshine"(UT:22cf.
51).
Comparealsoearly"Qenya"cala-("k")"shine"(LT1:254)lamrOOrmalOneoftheLampsoftheValar:*"High-Gold"(Silm)lannal,nall"dale,dell"(LT1:261)lanemiaaimenal,aimenel-seelirulinl醫t醠(tal-,asin"g.
sg.
talen",inmatureQuenyadat.
sg.
)"foot"(TAL).
Early"Qenya"forms:tala"foot"(LT2:347)anddualtalwi"thefeet"(LT2:347);t醠in"feet"(MC:216);instrumentaltalainen,talal韓en"withwings,onwings"(wingsheremeaningsails)(MC:213,216,220;thisis"Qenya")layyal-"summon".
Inenyali"torecall"(NotesonCO,UT:317)layttyal-"play"(1.
pers.
aoristtyalin"Iplay")(TYAL)ldniffindl"lockofhair,tress"(butfindilelsewhere-inmatureQuenya,nowordcanendin-dl).
(LT2:341)l嗛l"star",pl.
閘igiven(WJ:362,EL)leceHHecel("k")(Heceld-,e.
g.
pl.
Heceldi,WJ:371)=hecil,q.
v.
,butreformedtomatchOarel,especiallyappliedtotheEldarleftinBeleriand.
HelcelmarandHeceldamar*"LandofForsakenElves",thenameusedbytheloremastersofAmanforBeleriand.
(WJ:365)ledniSSindel()(Sindeld-,asinpl.
Sindeldi)"Grey-elf"=Sindapl.
Sindar,butlesscommon(WJ:384)lei-ielpatronymic(ormatronymic)ending-"daughter"(YEL)(IntheEtymologies,Tolkienstruckoutthisendingandthecorrespondingindependentwordyeld"daughter",changingthemto-ien,yend.
However,theending-iellaterturnsupinthenameUin閚iel"DaughterofUinen"inUT:182,soitwouldseemthatTolkienchangedhismindagainandrestoredthisending,andperhapsthenounyeldalongwithit.
)leirriel(*riell-)"garlandedmaiden"(SA:kal-),fullformriell"amaidencrownedwithafestivalgarland"(PM:347).
InAltariel,Altariell.
leir醡lAAlm醨iel(fem.
name)(GALA)leir醫lAAlt醨iel"Galadriel","maidencrownedwitharadiantgarland"(SA:kal;Alat醨ielisTelerin)leiratla補ltarieltrueQuenyaformofGaladriel;theformactuallyusedwasAltariel,QuenyarizedfromTelerinAlat醨iel(l).
(PM:347)leir鞦F韗iel"Shethatsighed"or"Shethatdied",laternameofM韗iel(MR:250)leir鞰M韗iel*"Jewel-woman"(Silm),genitiveM韗iello(seenamna)lemmel-"love(asfriend)"(MEL);mel醤"Ilove",adoubtfulwordinmatureQuenya;readperhaps*m閘anyor*melany(LR:70)lennel-(prefix)"tri-"(NEL)lenamA#Amanelpl.
Amaneldi*"Aman-elves",ElveslivinginAman(WJ:373).
leneMMenel"heavens"(Markirya,SA),"theapparentdomeinthesky"(MR:387).
lenemiaaimenel,aimenal-seelirulinlenemraTTarmenel"HighHeaven"(LotR1:IIch.
1),Tar-menel"thetruefirmament",asopposedtoNur-menel(q.
v.
)(MR:388)lenem-ruNNur-menelthelesserfirmament,agreatdomecoveringValinor,madebyVardaandfullofstar-imagines(seetinw,nill).
ItwasasimulacrumofTar-menel,thetruefirmament(MR:388)lenoloSSolonelanameoftheTeleri(hereinthesg,pl.
Solonyeldi)(PHAL/PH罫AS,NYEL,SOL)leppel-"goround,revolve,return"(PEL)leraoOarel("O鋜el")"ElfwhodepartedfromBeleriandtoAman"(whiletheSindarstayedthere).
StemOareld-,asinpl.
Oareldi(WJ:363,374).
OlderformOazeldi.
lerem骴nittind髆erel(alsocapitalizedTind髆erel)"daughteroftwilight",akenning(poeticname)ofthenightingale;=SindarinTin鷙iel.
(TIN,SEL-D,SA:tin)leruAAurel(Aureld-,e.
g.
pl.
Aureldi)=Oarel,q.
v.
"ElfwhodepartedfromBeleriandtoAman"(whiletheSindarstayedthere)(WJ:363).
EarlierAuzelpl.
Auzeldi.
lettel"roof"(LT1:268)letseestel"trust,hope"(WJ:318,MR:320)leuq#quel-"tofail",onlyattestedinthefuturetense(queluvainFS)leynalaFFalanyel(Falanyeld-,asinpl.
Falanyeldi)(inthepl.
)anameoftheTeleri(PHAL/PH罫AS)leyttyel-"end,cease"(KYEL)leyttyel(probablytyeld-,cf.
longformtyeld)"end"(noun)(FS,KYEL)lezeezel,ezella"green"(inVanyarinQuenyaonly).
AdoptedandadaptedfromValarin.
(WJ:399)lezuAAuzelpl.
AuzeldiVanyarinform(andoriginalform)ofAureldi(WJ:374);seeAurelliil-(prefix)"no,*un-"(LA)licadnemrayHHyarmendacilmasc.
name,"South-victor"(AppendixA)licadrabmUUmbardacil"Umbar-victor"(AppendixA);theplace-nameUmbarisnotQuenyaandhasnoconnectionwithumbar"fate".
licammacil("k")"sword"(MAK,LT1:259)licamlaCCalmacilmasc.
name,*"Light-sword"orpossibly(ifhaplologyof*Calmamacil)*"Lamp-sword"(AppendixA).
Cf.
c醠,cala,calma,macil.
licamleneMMenelmacil*"Heaven-sword",Orion(WJ:411)licammilaCCalimmacilmasc.
name,*"BrightSword"(for*Calimamacil)(AppendixA)licamraNNarmacilmasc.
name,*"Flame-sword"(AppendixA)licamroMMormacil("k")"Black-sword"(nameofT鷕in,SindarinMormegil)(MAK)licehhecil("k")(masc.
hecilo,fem.
hecil)"onelostorforsakenbyfriends,waif,outcast,outlaw"(WJ:365)licettecil("k")"pen"(TEK,PM:318)licissicil("k")"dagger,knife"(SIK)licnattancil("k")"pin,brooch"(TAK)licruTTurcil(=Tarcil)"N鷐en髍ean"(TUR),stemturcild-asinpl.
turcildi(LR:47,56;SD:246).
lid-dil,-ndil=OldEnglish"-wine",sc.
"-friend"innames,e.
g.
Elendil,E鋜endil(NIL/NDIL)lidleneMMeneldil*"Heaven-friend"=astronomer(AppendixA;Letters:386)lidn-ndil(also-dil)endinginmanynames,likeAmandil,E鋜endil;itimpliesdevotionordisinterestedloveandmaybetranslated"friend"(SA:(n)dil);thisendingis"describingtheattitudeofonetoaperson,thing,courseoroccupationtowhichoneisdevotedforitsownsake"(Letters:386)lidn-ndil,-dil=OldEnglish"-wine",sc.
"-friend"innames,e.
g.
Elendil,E鋜endil(NIL/NDIL)lidnadlEEldandil(pl.
EldandiliinWJ:412)"Elf-friend"(bytheEdainconfusedwithElendil,properly"Star-friend")(WJ:410)lidnalaVValandilmasc.
name,"God-friend,*Vala-friend"(AppendixA,translatedinLR:60)lidnamAAmandil*"Aman-friend"(AppendixA,SA:m鈔)lidnaraarandil"king'sfriend,royalist"(Letters:386)lidnav*vandilrr)(UT:179)nassan"then"(MC:216;alsotwiceinNarqelion)nasamiaccaimasan("k")"bedchamber"(caimasamb-,asinpl.
caimasambi)(STAB)natAAtanpl.
Atani"theSecondFolk",anElvishnameofMortalMen,theSecond-bornofIl鷙atar.
Cf.
alsoN鷑atani(WJ:386).
natan鶱#N鷑atanpl.
N鷑atani"WesternMen"=SindarinD鷑edain(WJ:386).
natarAAratan*"NobleAdan",masc.
name(Silm)natayriCCiryatan*"Ship-builder"(AppendixA),alsoTar-Ciryatan,nameofaN鷐en髍eanking,"KingShipbuilder"(SA:kir-)natraMMartan,Martano"Earth-smith","Earthbuilder",asurnameofAule(TAN,GAWA/GOWO-theformMartangivenunderMBARmustbeunderstoodasprimitive)natsadnassandastan"shield-barrier",abattle-formation(UT:282;probablysandastam-sincethefinalelementisderivedfromastemstama-"bar,exclude".
Comparetalan,talam-fromTALAM.
)natsaniMMinastanmasc.
name,*"Tower-maker"(AppendixA)nauhhuan(h鷑-,asindat.
sg.
h鷑en)"hound"(KHUGAN,KHUG)n醰v醤"goose";pl.
v醤igiven(WA-N).
Olderw醤.
navarh#Hravanpl.
Hravani"theWild",nameofnon-EdainMen(WJ:219)nav醳y醰an"harvest,autumn"(LT1:273;inmatureQuenyay醰i)n醱w醤>v醤"goose"(WA-N)nawhhwan(hwand-,e.
g.
pl.
hwandi)"sponge,fungus"(SWAD)naxaaxan"law,rule,commandment".
AdoptedandadaptedfromValarin.
(WJ:399)Pl.
axaniisattested(VT39:23,definedas"laws,rules,asprimarilyproceedingfromEru"inVT39:30)nayricalaCCalaciryan("k")"theCleftofLight",thepassinthePel髍i,apparentlyavariantofCalacirya(WJ:403,SA:kal-,kir-).
Calaciryan,Calaciryand,"theregionofEldamar(Elvenhome)inandneartheentrancetotheravine,wheretheLightwasbrighterandthelandmorebeautiful"(RGEO:70)neen(1)"there,look!
yonder"(EN)neen(2)unidentifiedwordoccurringtwiceinF韗iel'sSong;accordingtothemostplausibletheoryitisanadverbialparticledenotingthattheactionofthefollowingverbtookplacealongtimeago.
neen-(3)prefix"re-,again-",inenquantuva"shallrefill",entuluva,"shallcomeagain",Envinyatar"Renewer",envinyanta"healed,*renewed",enyali"torecall"(Nam,RGEO:67,LotR3:Vch.
8,MR:405,UT:317)nec#cen=noun"sight"asthefinalelementofsomenouns(*apacen,tercen,q.
v.
)neccen-("k")"see,behold",futuretensecenuva("kenuva")"shallsee"inMarkirya.
n閏c閚("k")"soil,earth";seecemen(KEM)necapaapacen"foresight";seeapaceny.
necrettercen("terken")"insight",literally*"through-sight"(MR:471);adj.
#tercenya(onlypl.
tercenyattested)"ofinsight";essiterceny"namesofinsight",namesgiventoachildbyitsmother,indicatingsomedominantfeatureofitsnatureasperceivedbyher(MR:216)neednilessalatpappaptalasselinde雗"likemusicoffallingleaves"(MC:216;thisis"Qenya")neessoleuqlissilquelosse雗("q")"blossom-whitehair"(MC:216;thisis"Qenya")nehhen(hend-,asinpl.
hendi)"eye"(KHEN-D-E)neidnEEndienalternativetermfor"autumn"(PM:135).
IntheEtymologies,thewordEndienisassignedaquitedifferentmeaning:"Midyear,Midyearweek",inthecalendarofValinoraweekoutsidethemonths,betweenthesixthandseventhmonths,dedicatedtotheTrees;alsocalledAldalemnar(YEN,LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK)neil鷗naant鷏ien"hathreturned"inthephraseI穋al'ant鷏ien("k")"Lighthathreturned"(LT1:270);notethe"Qenya"thirdpersonending-n.
InmatureQuenyathiswouldperhapsread*ic醠'enut鷏i.
neil鷗uut鷏ienseetul-(EO)neirAArien"theSun-maiden",fem.
name,theMaiaoftheSun(AR1;Silm);cf.
醨"sunlight"neiramliSSilmarien(sometimes"-ri雗")fem.
name,apparentlyincorporatessil(i)ma(AppendixA)neir骴liHHild髍ienthelandwhereMenfirstawoke,liketheElvesdidatCuivi閚en(Silm,KHIL,PHIR)neir驦L髍ien(fromlor-)nameofaVala,properlytheplacewherehedwells,whilehisrealnameisIrmo(WJ:402,LOS(覮OS,SPAN))neir鷏aPPal鷕iensurnameofYavanna(PAL)neir鷏uCCul鷕ienanothernameofLaurelin;apparentlyderivedfromthestemKUL-"golden-red"(Silm;LR:365)neleelen"star"(SA:阬,elen,EL);pl.
eleni(occasionallyinverse:eldi)(WJ:362);gen.
pl.
elenioninthephraseElenionAncalima"brightestofstars"(LotR2:IVch.
9;seeLetters:385fortranslation);allativeelenna"starwards"usedasnameofN鷐enor(Silm;seeElenna);ablativepl.
elenillor"fromstars"inMarkirya.
nelestOOtselen"SevenStars"=GreatBear(constellation)(OT/OTOS/OTOK)neletteettelen"foreign"(glossnotcertainlylegible)(ET)nemmen(1)"way"(SA)or"place,spot"(MEN)nemmen(2)"who",evidentlyamisreadingormiswritingforman(MC:221,inMarkirya)nemeccemen(c閚)("k")"earth",referringtotheearthasaflatfloorbeneathmenel,theheavens(SA:kemen);"soil,earth"(KEM,LT1:257).
Atonestage,Tolkienintendedcemenasthegenitiveofc閚;latercemenbecamethenominative.
nemekkemen"earth";seecemen.
nem韒enawordoccurringinF韗iel'sSong,translated"inthem"(arilqua韒en"andall[thatis]inthem").
ProbablynotvalidinmatureQuenya.
nem韘s韒en"here"(FS;cf.
sinominEO)nemliilmenregionaboveairwherestarsare(WIL,SA:ilm-);Ilmen-assa"ChasmofIlmen"(GAS)nemlottolmen"boss(ofshield)"(LT1:269)nem髍r髆en,R髆en"east"(R,MEN,SA:men),"uprising,sunrise,east"(SA:r髆en);alsonameoftengwa25(AppendixE).
R髆enna,aplaceintheeasternpartofN鷐enor,issimplytheallative"eastward"(SA:r髆en),cf.
alsor髆ennainLR:47,56.
AblativeR髆ello"fromtheEast"or"[toone]fromtheEast",henceTolkien'stranslation"tothosefromtheEast"inhisrenderingofNam醨i(Nam,RGEO:67).
Masc.
nameR髆endacil"East-victor"(AppendixA;cf.
Letters:425)nemraH[Harmen]"south"(MEN)(Changedtohyarmen.
)nemrayhhyarmen,Hyarmen"south"(SA,SA:men,KHYAR),alsonameoftengwa33(AppendixE).
nemroFFormen"north"(SA:men),alsonameoftengwa10(AppendixE,PHOR,MEN).
nemroT[Tormen]"north"(MEN)nem鷑n鷐en"west,thewayofthesunset"(SA:and鷑,cf.
ND,MEN;capitalizedN鷐enunderSA:menandinCO),"goingdown,occudent"(Letters:361),alsonameoftengwa17(AppendixE).
Allativen鷐enna"Westward"(LR:47,SD:310)Seealson鷐enyaron,n鷐essier.
nem鷑ureHHerun鷐en"LordoftheWest"(SA:heru);herun鷐en"Lord-of-West"(LR:47),titleofManwnennen"river"(LT1:248),"river,water"(LT1:262)(InmatureQuenya,n閚withalongvowelmeans"water",buthardly"river"-thatiss韗.
)n閚n閚(nen-)"water"(NEN).
nen-neninstrumentalending(pl.
-inen,dual-nten,partitivepl.
-l韓en)nenammanen"how"(PM:395)nen醨r醤en"errant"(RAN;maybeamisreadingfor*r醤隺)nenatsellestanen"inmeasure",awordoccurringinF韗iel'sSong,apparentlytheinstrumentalformofanoun#lesta"measure",nototherwiseattested.
neni-ineninstrumentalpl.
ending.
In髆ainen(WJ:391)neniaccainen("k")"ten"(KAYAN/KAYAR)nen韑-l韓enendingforpartitivepl.
instrumental(Plotz);see-linen韑amlaculucculucalmal韓en("k")"withgoldenlights"(MC:220;thisis"Qenya")nenipmittimpinen"afluter"(LT1:268;hardlyvalidinmatureQuenya)nen韗amlafet髄l髏efalmar韓en"withwavescrownedwithflowers"(MC:220;thisis"Qenya")nenis鞱N韘inen*"Flagrance-water",alikeinN鷐enor(UT:168)neniUUinen(Uinend-,asindativeUinenden)nameofaMaia,spouseofOss(UY,NEN).
AdoptedandadaptedfromValarin(WJ:404),thoughitisalsosaidthatitcontains-nen"water"(SA:nen);thelatterexplanationmaybefolketymology.
IntheEtymologies,thenameisderivedfromthesamestem(UY)asuil"longtrailingplant,especiallyseaweed".
nen鷋h鷑endat.
sg.
ofhuan(KHUGAN,KHUG)nerae隺ren"eagle"or"eyrie"(LT1:251;thisearly"Qenya"wordiscertainlynomorevalidthan隺"eagle"inmatureQuenya.
)neramlAAlmarenthefirstabodeoftheValarinArda,apparentlyrelatedtoalmar"blessedness"(Silm,LR:357)nereeren,er"iron"or"steel";EremanduvariantofAngamandu(Angband)(LT1:252;"iron"shouldbeangainmatureQuenya,butthesewordsmaybeusedfor"steel")nerefferen(fern-,asinpl.
ferni)"beech,beech-tree".
Alsofern.
(BER蒚H,PHER/PH蒖EN)nerehheren(1)"order";HerenIstarion"OrderofWizards"(UT:388);(2)"fortune"etymologically"governance"("andsowhatisinstoreforoneandwhatonehasinstore")(KHER)Herendilmasc.
name*"Fortune-friend"=Eadwine,Edwin,Audoin(LR:52,56,cf.
theEtymologies,stemsKHER-,NIL/NDIL)neremmeren(merend-),alsomerend"feast,festival"(MBER)ner閙atnaclaalcantam閞en("k")"madeitshine"(withafem.
pl.
subject;theending-renprobablymeans"they"ofwomen,buttheendingdoesnothavetobetranslatedhere)(MC:216;thisis"Qenya")neretteren,teren"slender"(TER/TERES)nes韍h韘en"ofmist"(MC:221;thismaybe"Qenya",butitconnectswithh韘.
)nessil-lissenor-lissendingforpartitivepl.
locative(Plotz);see-linessiraclaalcarissen("k")"inlight-rays"(a"Qenya"formfromMC:221;alcarmeans"glory"inmatureQuenya)n閟urEErus閚"thechildrenofGod"(RGEO:74;thisisaweirdformwithnopluralending.
ThenormalformseemstobeEruh韓i.
)netten"for",inF韗iel'sSong;apparentlyreplacedbyaninmatureQuenya.
netten-"hear",futuretensetenuva(MC:213;inmatureQuenya,"hear"ishlar-)netn-ntenendingfordualinstrumental(Plotz)n閡qqu閚(quen-,asinpl.
queni;asfinalelementincompounds-quen)"one,(some)body,person,individual,manorwoman",pl.
queni="persons","(some)people","they"withthemostgeneralmeaning(asin"they[=peopleingeneral]saythat.
.
.
").
Combinedwithnounandadjectivestemsinoldcompoundstodenotehabitualoccupationsorfunctions,ortodescribethosehavingsomenotable(permanent)quality;examplesincluderoquen,ciryaquen,arquen,q.
v.
Alsoinaiquen,ilquen(WJ:361cf.
360,372)neuqayricciryaquen"shipman,sailor"(WJ:372).
neuqiaaiquen"ifanybody,whoever"(WJ:372)neuqliilquen"everybody"(WJ:372)neuqorroquen"horseman[buttheQuenyaworddoesnotshowgender],rider,knight"(WJ:372,UT:282)neuqraarquen"anoble"(WJ:372)neurehem鷑n鷐eheruen*"oftheLordoftheWest"(Manw)(SD:290);thisis"Qenya"withgenitivein-eninsteadof-oasinmatureQuenyaneureVrAArVeruen*"DayoftheSpouses"(AuleandYavanna)(LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK;thisis"Qenya"withgenitivein-n.
)neurevrAArveruenthirddayoftheValinorianweekof5days,dedicatedtoAuleandYavanna(BES)n閣w閚"greenness,youth,freshness"(GWEN),blendedwithwend"maid"newwen"maid,girl"(*wend-),inearly"Qenya"alsowendi(thematureQuenyaformwendoccursinMC:215andinEtym,stemsGWEN,WEN/WENED).
(LT1:271,273)new-wen"maiden",afrequentendinginfemininenameslikeE鋜wen*"Sea-maiden"(SA:wen).
Early"Qenya"alsohas-wenfemininepatronymic*"daughterof"(LT1:271,273),butthethepatronymicendingseemstobe-iel"-daughter"inmatureQuenya.
newlaLLalwen(alsolongerLalwend)"LaughingMaiden",fem.
name(PM:343)newleelwen"heart"(LT1:255;ratherh髇orindoinmatureQuenya)newloolwen(olwenn-)"branch,wand,stick"(LT2:342)newnaMrAArManwen*"DayofManwe"(LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK;thisis"Qenya"withgenitivein-n.
)n閥y閚(pl.
y閚iinNam,obsoletingyen[i]intheEtymologies,stemYEN),Elvish"longyear"of144solaryears,52,596days(Nam,AppendixD,E;RGEO:66.
Tolkienearlierdefinedy閚as100solaryears;seePM:126;intheEtymologies,stemYEN,itseemstomeansimply"year".
)Y閚on髏i*"reckoningofyears"(MR:51)neyyen,yend"daughter"(Y/YON.
Thiswordreplacedanotherform,butthelattermayhavebeenrestored;seeyeld.
)niinastrangeparticleoccurringinthephrasei-coimasin-Eldaron"thecoimas[lembas]oftheEldar"inPM:403.
ItlooksliketheSindarinpluralarticle,butinQuenyaiisbothsg.
andpl.
"the",andthewordEldardoesnotnormallytakeanyarticleatall.
Thealternativereadingi-coimasEldaron(PM:395)isprobablytobepreferred.
ni-indativepl.
ending,seenineldain,f韗imoin,q.
v.
niaraclaalcarain("k")"shining"(pl-sg*alcara)(MC:221;thisis"Qenya")niclahhalcin("k")"frozen"(LT1:254)niclihhilcin("k")isglossed"itfreezes";ifthiswordistoadaptedtomatureQuenya,itwouldhavetomean"Ifreeze"(LT1:254)nicseHHescin("k")"winterone"LT1:255)nidnamorooromandin"wood-spirits"(MC:215;thisis"Qenya")nidnannandin"fayofthecountry"(LT1:261)nietnauqquantien("q")"lastdayofyear"(YEN).
ThewordisassignedadifferentmeaninginPM:quantien("q")"fullyear"=y閚,aperiodof144solaryears(PM:126;pl.
quanti閚i,PM:127).
SincethelattermeaningcomesfromdraftsfortheLotRAppendicesthatdidnotmakeitintothepublishedLotR,itshouldperhapsbeignored.
nih-hin"child",pl.
-h韓i(asinEruh韓i,"ChildrenofEru",SA:h韓i)nihurEEruhinpl.
Eruh韓i"ChildrenofEru",ElvesandMen(WJ:403;SA:h韓i)nil[lin-(2)"sing"(GLIN,struckout)]nillin-(1)(prefix)"many"(LI)nil-linendingforpartitivepl.
dative(Plotz);see-linillin,lind-"amusicalsound"(Letters:308),"melody"(LT1:258)nilauqqualin("q")"dead"(KWAL,LT1:264)nilauqiaaiqualin("q")"tall",pluralform()(MC:216;thisis"Qenya"-butcf.
aiqua.
)nilavvalin"happy"(LT1:272)nilavrAArvalin"outsideValinor"(AR2)nilehhelin"violet"or"pansy"(LT1:262)nilemmelin"dear"(MEL)nileruaLLaurelin("g.
sg.
Laurelinden"orLaurelingen;inmatureQuenyathisisdat.
sg.
)NameoftheGoldenTreeofValinor,interpretedboth*"singing-gold"(stemLaurelind-)and"hanging-gold"(stemLaureling-)(LIN2,L罻AR/GL罻AR,[GLAW(-R)],SA,Letters:308)nileYYelin"winter"(LT1:260;matureQuenyahashr韛,andYelinwasprobablyobsoletedtogetherwiththeadjectiveyelwa"cold",thatappearwithadifferentmeaningintheEtymologies).
niliilin"paleblue"(GLINDI)niliaailin("g.
sg.
ailinen",inmatureQuenyadat.
sg.
)"pool,lake"(AY,LIN1,LT2:339)nilippilin(pilind-,asinpl.
pilindi)"arrow"(P蚅IM)nilivvilin"airy,breezy"(LT1:273)niliwwilin"bird"(LT1:273;ifthis"Qenya"wordistobeusedinmatureQuenya,itmustnotbeconfusedwiththe1.
pers.
aoristoftheverbwil-)niller驦L髍ellinnameofthelakewheretheValiEstsleeps;apparentlymeaning*"Dream-lake"(Silm)nilurillirulin"lark"(MR:238,262),changedfromaimenel,aimenalnimattamin"forge"(nounverbIfitisaverb,thiswould-atleastwithintheframeworkofmatureQuenya-bethe1.
personaoristofaverbtam-;cf.
tam-"totap".
)(LT1:250)nim髄l髆in"shade,shadow"(LT1:255)nimriirmin"theworld,alltheregionsinhabitedbyMen"(LT2:343)ninnin"tome",dativeofni(FS)niolacrattarcalion=Tar-Calion,QuenyanameofAr-Pharaz鬾(LR:47,SD:246);seeCalionnirrin"dew"(LT1:265;ratherrossinmatureQuenya)niraarin"morning"(AR1)niraclAAlcarin"theGlorious",titletakenbyAtanatarIIofGondor,alsonameofoneoftheKingsofN鷐enor(AppendixA).
Isthistobetakenasashorterformofalcarinqua,q.
v.
niradlEEldarinadjectivederivedfromElda:"Eldarin,Elvish"(Silm,蒐ED)niramlaffalmarin(falmarind-orsimplyfalmarin-asinpl.
falmarindi[orfalmarini])"sea-spirit,nymph"(PHAL/PH罫AS)niramlIIlmarin"mansionofthehighairs",thedwellingofManwandVardauponOioloss(SA:ilm-)nirasattasarin"willow"(LT2:346;matureQuenyatasar,tasar)nirawhhwarin"crooked"(SKWAR)nirawliwwilwarin(wilwarind-,asinpl.
wilwarindi)"butterfly"(Markirya,WIL,LT1:273);Wilwarinnameofaconstellation,tentativelyidentifiedasCassiopeia(Silm).
"Qenya"adjectivewilwarinde雗"likebutterflies"(MC:216);"Qenya"similativeformwilwarindon"asabutterfly"(MC:213,220)niredneuQQuenderin"Quendian,belongingtotheElvesasawhole"(alearnedword)(WJ:407)nireleTTelerin"Telerian"(TELES)nirev*Iverin(蛌erind-),蛌erindor"Ireland"(LT2:344)Thenominativeof蛌erind-mustbe*蛌erin,theform蛌erind-occurringbeforeendings.
Compare蛍erinbelow.
.
nirew蛍erin"Ireland"(also蛌erindor,蛌erind-)(LT2:344)niriirin"town"(LT2:343)niriffirin"dead"(bynaturalcause)(PHIR).
Thismayobsoletetheearlier"Qenya"wordfirin"rayofthesun"(LT2:341)nirifliilfirin"immortal"(PHIR)niripli*ilpirin(hypotheticalform;thewordactuallyappearsinQasilfirin)"immortal"(PHIR)nirittirin"talltower"(LT1:258;thisisaverb"Iwatch"intheEtymologies,stemTIR.
)nir韛v韗in"amagicglassysubstanceofgreatlucencyusedinfashioningtheMoon.
Usedofthingsofgreatandpuretransparency.
"(LT2:339)niroccorin("k")"circularenclosure"(KOR).
Intheearly"QenyaLexicon",thiswordwasdefinedas"acircularenclosure,especiallyonahill-top"(LT1:257).
niroclIIlkorin*"notofKor"(LA,AR2)nirodlonal髆m髄anoldorin"thelanguageoftheNoldorenslavedbyMorgoth"(M)(Changedfromm鷏anoldorin.
)nirodlonal鷐[m鷏anoldorin]"thelanguageoftheNoldorenslavedbyMorgoth"(M)(Changedtom髄anoldorin.
)nir髄OOl髍innameoftheMaiathatbecameGandalf,connectedtoolos#1(UT:396)nirouqquorin("q")"drowned,choked"(LT1:264)nir鷕in"blazinghot"(LT1:271)nir趓in(趓ind-,asin"g.
sg.
趓inden",inmatureQuenyathisisdat.
sg.
)anameoftheSun(UR;thisstemwasstruckoutinEtym,butseveralwordsthatmustbederivedfromitoccurinLotR,soitseemsthatTolkienrestoredit.
)niruffurin"hidden,concealed"(alsohurin)(LT2:340)niruhhurin"hidden,concealed"(alsofurin)(LT2:340)nirulaPPalurin"thewideworld"(LT1:264)nir鶷T鷕in(masc.
name),apparentlymeaning"victory-mood"(LR:395,stemTUR).
TheEtymologiesgivesTurindoastheQuenyaformofthisname;T鷕inseemstobeproperlytheSindarinform,thoughitfitsQuenyastylewellenoughandNienoruseditinaQuenyasentence(neartheendofch.
21intheSilmarillion)nissin(1)awordeithermeaning"thus"(adverb)or"this"(asanindependentwordinthesentence,notmodifyinganotherwordlikesinadoes).
AttestedinthesentencesinquentQuendingoldoElendilenna,either*"thisPengolodhsaidtoElendil"or"thusspokePengolodhtoElendil"(PM:401).
nissin(2)aformofs"now"(q.
v.
)occurringbeforevowels,possiblyreplacedbys韓(SI)niseHHesin"winter"(LT1:255;matureQuenyahashr韛)nistalobmuTTumbolatsin(place-name,apparentlyincorporatingtumbo)(LAT)nittin-"glint"(3.
pers.
aoristtin"itglints")(TIN)nitallatin,latina"open,free,cleared(ofland)"(LAT)niuuin(1)seeu-.
niUUin(2)"theprimevalwhale"(LT1:263)niulluin"blue",pl.
luini(Nam,RGEO:66).
InHelluin,nameofthestarSirius,andLuinil,nameofanotherblue-shiningstar(orplanet).
(SA;LuinilistentativelyidentifiedwithNeptune,MR:435)niullIIlluinnameofoneoftheLampsoftheValar;apparentlyincorporatingtheelementluin"blue"(Silm)niullodniMMindolluin*"BlueTower"(mindon+luin),nameofamountain.
(ChristopherTolkientranslatesthenameas"ToweringBlue-head"intheSilmarillionIndex,butthisseemstobebasedonthequestionableassumptionthatitincludestheSindarinelementdol"head,hill".
Unlessthistranslationisgiveninhisfather'spapers,thenameisbetterexplainedasaQuenyacompound.
)niuqilliquin("q")"wet"(LT1:262;matureQuenyahaslinqu.
)nivayyavin"bearsfruit"(LT1:273;wouldhavetomean"Ibearfruit"inmatureQuenya;astem#yav-maybeisolated)nivettevin"hatred"(LT1:268);alsotevino-ongen.
pl.
ending(3O),inSilmarillion,Valion,aldaron,aranion,tasarion(seeNan-Tasarion),N鷐evalion,Sindaron,Istarion,Ingweron,Quendion,Eldaron.
noon,ondo"stone"(LT2:342,LT1:254-probablyonlyondoinmatureQuenya).
Various"Qenya"forms:ondoli"rocks"(MC:213;thiswouldbeapartitivepluralinmatureQuenya),ondolin"rocks"(MC:220),ondoisen"uponrocks"(MC:221),ondolissen"rocks-on"(MC:214;thelatterform,partitiveplurallocative,isstillvalidinmatureQuenya)nodnaandon"greatgate"(andond-,asinpl.
andondi)(AD)nodniLLindon,Lind髇"Lindon",place-name(WJ:385)nodnilessaleruattaurelasselindon"likeleavesofforests"(MC:213,220;thisis"Qenya")nodnilewnittinwelindon"likestars"(MC:213,MC:220;thisisa"Qenya""similative"formin-ndonandpl.
in-li)nodnimmindon"(great,lofty)tower",allativepl.
mindoninnarinMarkirya,changedtothecontractedformmindonnar.
Cf.
alsoMindonEldali関a"LoftyToweroftheEldali"(Silm)nodnittindon"lay"MC:220;thisis"Qenya")nodroccordon("k")"idol"(LT1:257)noedlaald雘n"avenueoftrees"(LT1:249)nognallangon"throat"(MC:216;thisis"Qenya",possiblyaninflectedformoflango#2-butTolkienchangedittolanco)n骽h髇"heart"(physical)(KH-N);hon-maren"heartofthehouse",afire(LR:63,73;thisis"Qenya"withgenitivein-en,not-oasinmatureQuenya-read*hon-maro)noi-ion(patronymicending)"son(of),descendant"(Y/YON,LT1:271,LT2:344)noidleNNeldion*"Dayofthethree[youngergods]",sc.
Osse,OromeandTulkas(LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK)noiffion(fiond-orsimplyfion-,asinpl.
fiondiorfioni)"hawk"(readingofglossuncertain;accordingtoChristopherTolkienthemostnaturalinterpretationwouldbe"haste",butthiswordwouldhavenopluralform)(PHI)noil-lionendingforpartitivepl.
genitive(Plotz);see-linoilaCCalion,Tar-Calion,theQuenyanameofKingAr-Pharaz鬾"theGolden";Calionwouldseemtobeconnectedtocal-"shine",c醠"light".
(Silm)noilavem鶱N鷐evalion*"oftheWest-powers"(SD:290);cf.
ValionnoileuqraNNarquelion("q")"fire-fading,autumn"(FS,Narqelion,KWEL,(LAS1));simplytranslated"Fading"inLR:72.
noilisraNNarsilion()"(thesong)oftheSunandMoon";actuallythestemsofthewordsforSunandMooncompounded(seeNarsil)andapluralgenitiveendingadded(Silm)noiliTTilion"theHorned",nameofaMaia,steersmanoftheMoon(SA:til;accordingtotheEtymologies,stemTIL,Tilionisanameofthe"manintheMoon")noillimAAmillion"February"(LT1:249;matureQuenyahasN閚im)noinnion"bee"(GL:60)noinaraaesaas隺aranion"kingsfoil,athelas";lit.
"as隺[foil]ofkings",seearan(LotR3:Vch.
8)noinrossornion"eyrie"(LT1:266)noipliSSilpionanameoftheElderoftheTwoTreesofValinor(Telperion,theWhiteTree).
(Silm,SIL,S蚅IP,BAL,ROS1,LR:385)noiradlAAldarionmasc.
name,*"Sonof(the)Trees",(AppendixA).
noir醤AAn醨ion*"Sun-son",masc.
name.
noir酺T醨ionalternativenameofValanya,thelastdayoftheEldarinsix-dayweek,dedicatedtothePowers(Valar)(AppendixD)noirepleyTTyelperionlesscommonnameofTelperion(UT:266).
noirittirion"watch-tower,tower"(TIR);inearly"Qenya"theglosswas"amightytower,acityonahill"(LT1:258).
Tirion"GreatWatchtower",acityoftheElves(SA:tir;inMR:176thetranslationis"WatchfulCity")noirommorion"sonofthedark"(inF韗iel'sSong,Morionistranslated"darkone",referringtoMelko[r])(LT1:261)noiroMMorion"thedarkone",atitleofMorgoth(FS).
noir趓ion(Q)atitleofFionw(=laterE鰊w);seetheLRindex.
(UR;thisstemwasstruckoutinEtym,butseveralwordsthatmustbederivedfromitoccurinLotR,soitseemsthatTolkienrestoredit.
)noirutnaFrAArFanturion*"DayoftheFanturi(MandosandLorien)"(LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK)noitnirEErintionsecondhalfofthemonthofavestalis(January)(LT1:252)nolaVValon"maleVala"(alsoValmo)(LT1:272;theseformsmayormaynotbevalidinmatureQuenya)nolh#hlon(#hl髇),pl.
hloni"sounds"(ormaythesg.
be#hlon)(WJ:394)nolhoohlon(pl.
ohloniisattested)"diphthong",usedofbothvocalicdiphthongsand"consonantaldiphthongs"likemb(VT39:9)noll-llonendingforpluralablative;also-llornollil-lillonor-lilloendingforpartitivepl.
ablative(Plotz);see-linomilacnAAncalimonfem.
name*"MostBrightOne"(AppendixA).
nomlUrAArUlmon*"DayofUlmo"(LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK;thisis"Qenya"withgenitivein-n.
)nonnaraTTarannonmasc.
name;"High-gift"Or,if-annonisaSindarin-influencedformofandon"greatgate"ratherthanamasculinizedformofanna"gift","LordoftheGate"(AppendixA)nor-rongen.
pl.
endinginaldaron,seealda.
The-risactuallythenominativepl.
ending,towhichisappendedthegenitiveending-oandasecondpluralmarker,-n.
norabmaambaron(ambar髇-asin"g.
sg.
ambar髇en",inmatureQuenyadat.
sg.
)"uprising,sunrise,Orient"(AM2).
ThelongerformAmbar髇shouldbepreferred,sinceambaronisalsothedat.
sg.
ofambar#1.
noradlAAldaronanameofOrom(G罫AD,Silm).
norasseNNessaron*"[Day]oftheyounger[gods]",sc.
Oss,OromandTulkas(inTolkien'searlierconception,Osswasa"god"orVala).
(LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK)nor醫uaccaut醨on("k")"bent"(MC:216;thisis"Qenya")noravattavaron,tavaro"dryad,spiritofwoods"(evidentlymasc.
)(T罻AR)noraynem鷑n鷐enyaronawordoccurringinaphrasefromanearlierversionofF韗iel'sSong,Valionn鷐enyaron,"oftheLords[Valar]oftheWest".
Butn鷐enyaroncannotsimplymean"oftheWest";itseemstobethepluralgenitiveofn鷐enya"western",henceliterally*"ofthewestern(things,persons,realms)"or"oftheWesterners".
nor閚auqninninquan閞on("q")"whiteshining"(MC:220;thisis"Qenya")noresseron"friend"(SER)noriassairon"wizard"(SAY);accordingtoLT2:337andGL:29,SaironisalsotheQuenyanameofDairon(Daeron).
norooron(oront-,asinpl.
oronti)"mountain"(覴OT)noroccoron(1)"mound"(SA);CoronOiolair("Koron"),the"MoundofEversummer"wheretheTwoTreesgrew.
AlsocontractedCorollair(WJ:401)noroccoron(2)("k")(corn-,asindat.
sg.
cornen)"globe,ball"(KOR)norossoron(orsorn)()"eagle",beforeanendingsorn-asinpl.
sorni,"gen.
sg.
.
.
.
sornen",inmatureQuenyadat.
sg.
(THOR/THORON).
SD:290hasthepl.
soroni"eagles",changedtosorniasintheEtymologies.
Early"Qenya"hastheformssor,sorn(LT1:266)norottoronpl.
torni"brother"(TOR)noruahTThauron(轪uron)earlierformofSauron,beforethechangeth>s(SA:thaur,cf.
Letters:380,thatsuggestsastemthaurond-,therespeltwiththeGreekletterforth)noruaSSauron,Sauro()"theAbhorred",nameofaMaia.
EarlierThauron(SA:thaur,THUS),archaic*thaurond-(Letters:380,whereaspecialletterisusedinsteadofthedigraphth)noylidneraEE鋜endilyon"sonofE鋜endel"("usedofanymariner")(LT1:251)noyraaryon"heir"(GARunder3AR)noyrahharyon"(heir),prince"(3AR)noyriCCiryon*"Ship-son";seecirya.
nuaqlaffalquan("q")"largesword"(LT2:341)numaamun(amund-)"hill"(LT2:335;inmatureQuenyaambo)n鷑n鷑"downbelow,underneath"(adv.
)(N)営"thesea"(poeticword,hardlyvalidinmatureQuenya)(LT1:263,therespelt)oo(1)awordfor"and"occurringsolelyinSD:246;allothersourcesgivear.
o-o(1)genitiveending,inOrom雘,Elenna-n髍雘,Rithil-Anamo,R鷐ilo,Lestan髍雘,q.
v.
Pl.
-ionand-ron,q.
v.
oo(2)"with"(MC:216;thisis"Qenya";WJ:367statesthatnoindependentprepositionowasusedinQuenya.
Useyo.
)o-o(2),also-"aperson,somebody",pronominalsuffix(PM:340)-(usuallyreducedtoo-whenunstressed)aprefix"usedinwordsdescribingthemeeting,junction,orunionoftwothingsorpersons,oroftwogroupsthoughtofasunits".
Inomenti,髇oni,髇ona(WJ:367;intheEtymologies,stemW,theprefixo-,-issimplydefinedas"together")oattoa(1)("t鯽")"wood"(VT39:6)oattoa(2)"ofwool,woollen"(TOW,cf.
GL:71)obmaambo"hill",allativepl.
ambonnar"uponhills"inMarkirya(ruxal'ambonnar"uponcrumblinghills")obmarattarambo,taran"buffet"(LT2:337)obmilettelimbo"canopy,sky"(LT1:268)obmottombo"gong"(LT1:269)obmullumbo"cloud",pl.
lumborinMarkirya.
Inearly"Qenya",lumbowasglossed"darkloweringcloud"(LT1:259)obmuttumbo"(deep)valley",underoramonghills(TUB,SA:tum).
Inearly"Qenya",theglosswas"darkvale"(LT1:269).
Seetumba.
oc醬qqu醕o("q")"crow"(WJ:395;Etymalsohascorco,q.
v.
)occavvacco("k")"jacket,cloak"(GL:21)occeecco("k")"spear"(EK/EKTE)occeleppelecco("k")"axe"(LT2:346)occettecco("k")"strokeofpenorbrush()whennotusedaslongmark"(TEK)occorrocco("k")"horse"(ROK,SA:roch;Letters:428;cf.
282wherethespellingreallyisrocco,notrokko.
InLetters:428thewordisdefinedas"swifthorseforriding".
)occurattarucco("k")"bull"(alsotarunco)("k")(LT2:347;matureQuenyahasmundo)ociannaico("k")"ofhill(s)MC:221;thisis"Qenya")oc韑l韈o("k")"wax"(Markiryacomments,MC:223)ociolloico"corpse,deadbody";loicol韈uma"corpse-candle"inMarkiryaocleMMelko"MightyOne",nameoftherebelliousVala,usuallycalledMelkor(MIL-IK,MOR;FS-MR:350confirmsthattheformMelkoisstillvalidinmatureQuenya,thoughnotinterpreted"GreedyOne"asintheEtymologies)oclettelco"stem"(AppendixE).
TheEtymologiesgivestelco("k")pl.
telqui("q")"leg"(thepl.
formissaidtobeanalogical)(T蒐EK)ocluttulco("k")"support,prop"(TULUK)ocnallanco("k")"throat,swallow"(LAK1,LANK)ocnarranco("k")"arm",pl.
ranqui("q")(RAK)ocnittinco"metal"(TINK),alsonameoftengwa1(AppendixE,therespelt"tinco",but"tinko"inEtym)ocnurattarunco("k")"bull"(alsotarucco)("k")(LT2:347;matureQuenyahasmundo)ocomsoCCosmoco("k")"Gothmog"(LT2:344)ocrac[carco("k")"crow"(KARKA)](Changedtocorco.
)ocrassarco("k")"flesh"(LT2:347;matureQuenyahashr醰)ocroorco("k")"Orc",pl.
orcorororqui(WJ:390,覴OK;pl.
OrcoralsoinMR:74).
Early"Qenya"hasorc("k")(orqu-)("q")"monster,demon"(LT1:264;inmatureQuenya,nowordcanendin-rc.
)ocroccorco("k")"crow"(KORKA,seeKARKA)ocrommorco("k")"bear"(MOR覭)ocruurco("k"),pl.
urqui,anoldwordusedintheloreoftheBlessedRealmforanythingthatcausedfeartotheElvesduringtheMarch;bytheExilesrecognizedasthecognateofSindarinorchandusedtomean"Orc".
TheSindarin-influencedformorcowasalsoused.
(WJ:390)ocruarrauco("k")"apowerful,hostile,andterriblecreature",especiallyinthecompoundValarauco"DemonofMight"(WJ:415,cf.
SA:raukor.
IntheEtymologies,stemRUK,theglossis"demon".
)InthecompoundValaraucar"Balrogs",thepl.
ofraucoissurprisingly#raucarinsteadof*raucor.
ocruTTurcoseeTurcafinwocsurrusco"fox"(PM:353)ocuaccauco("k")"humpback"(LT1:257)ocuaNNauco("k")"Dwarf"(capitalizedinWJ:388,butnotinEtym,stemNAUK).
Naucali(not*Naucoli)the"Dwarf-people"asawhole.
Fromnauca.
SeealsoPicinaucor.
ocuan-aytiP#Pitya-naucopl.
Pitya-naucor"Petty-dwarves"(cf.
nauco)AlsoPicinaucor(WJ:389)ocuaniciP#Picinaucopl.
Picinaucor("k")"Petty-dwarves"(cf.
nauco).
AlsoPitya-naucor(WJ:389)ocuaralammalarauco"balrog,demon"(RUK-rathervalaraucoinmatureQuenya)ocuaralaVValarauco("k")"DemonofMight"(herevala-assumesitsbasicmeaning"power,might"),Sindarinbalrog(WJ:415).
Pl.
Valaraucar(sic,not-or)"Balrogs"(SA:val-,SA:rauco).
Earlierformsfromthe"QenyaLexicon"areValcarauc,Malcarauc(q.
v.
);theseshouldprobablybeignoredinmatureQuenya.
ocuittiuco("k")"thigh"(TIW)odlatsAAstaldo"theValiant",atitleofTulkas(Silm,MR:438);replacedPold髍隺.
odlEEldoarchaicvariantofElda,properlyoneofthe"Marchers"fromCuivi閚en,butthewordwentoutofuse(WJ:362,374)odlemadlE#Eldameldopl.
Eldameldor"Elf-lovers"(WJ:412)odlesseldo(meaningnotclear,perhapsthemasculineformofseld"child",hence*"boy")(SEL-D)odliccildo("k")"onesaw"(MC:220;thisis"Qenya";cf.
cild)odliH#Hildopl.
Hildor"theFollowers",anElvishnameofMortalMenastheSecond-bornofIl鷙atar(WJ:387).
odlinnildo"friend"(apparentlymasc.
;contrastnild)(NIL/NDIL)odlognngoldoseenoldoodlognIIngoldomasc.
name;possessiveIngoldova"Ingoldo's"(VT39:16)odlonnoldo"oneofthepeopleoftheNoldor","oneofthewisefolk,Gnome".
Cf.
thegloss"Gnome"inearly"Qenya"(LT1:262).
Alsonameoftengwa19.
Originallypronouncedngoldo(alsospelt駉ldobyTolkien,袵OLOD);initialnghadbecomeninThirdAgepronunciation(AppendixE).
Pl.
Noldor("裲ldor"),"theWise",nameofthesecondclanoftheEldar(WJ:380,381)odnaando"gate",alsonameoftengwa5(AD,AppendixE)odnammando"custody,safekeeping"(MR:350)or"prison,duress"(inMandos,q.
v.
)(SA:band);Mando"theImprisonerorBinder",usuallylenghtenedMandos(MBAD(袵UR,GOS/GOTH,SPAN))odnamagnAAngamando"Iron-gaol",SindarinAngband(MR:350).
TheEtymologiesgivesAngamanda"Angband,Hell",lit.
"Iron-prison"(MBAD).
Older"Qenya"hasAngamandu"HellsofIron"(orpl.
Angamandi)(LT1:249)odnamalaCCalamando("k")"LightMando"=Manw(MBAD,(KAL,MANAD))odnamiroMMorimando"DarkMando"=Mandos(MBAD)odnaN#Nandopl.
NandornameoftheGreen-elves(Laiquendi).
Theprimitiveword*ndand,whenceQuenyaNando,implied"onewhogoesbackonhiswordordecision",sincetheNandorlefttheMarchfromCuivi閚entoAman.
Adj.
Nandorin.
(WJ:412)odniindo"heart,mood"(ID,obsoletingearlier"Qenya"indo"house"inLT2:343);"state"(perhapsespeciallystateofmind,giventheotherglosses)(VT39:23);indo-ninyaawordoccurringinF韗iel'sSong,translated"myheart".
Read*indonyainmatureQuenyaodnillindo"singer,singingbird"(LIN2)odnilemmelindo"lover"(m.
)(MEL)odniliuttuilindo"swallow",etymologically"spring-singer"(TUY,LIN2,LT1:269,LT2:388)odniloccolindo"bearer",incormacolindor(q.
v.
)odnimmindo"isolatedtower"(MINI)odnimoroccoromindo("k")"cupola,dome"(KOR)odniruTTurindo(masc.
name,seeT鷕in).
(TUR)odniSSindo()nameofElwe'sbrother(THIN)odnoondo"stone"asamaterial(UT:459,GOND).
Pl.
ondorinanearliervariantofMarkirya;partitivepl.
locativeondoliss"onrocks"inthefinalversionodnohhondo"heart";hondo-ninya"myheart",changedtoindo-ninya(FS,earlierversion)odnomiaTTaimondo,alsoTaimordo"Orion"(LT1:268;OrioniscalledTelumehtarorMenelmacarinmatureQuenya)odnorrondo"avaultedorarchedroof,asseenfrombelow"(andusuallynotvisiblefromoutside);"a(large)hallorchambersoroofed"(WJ:414;intheEtymologies,stemROD,theglossissimply"cave")odnorrasaCCasarrondo"Khazad-d鹠",Moria(WJ:388,389)odnoyyondo"son"(Y/YON);cf.
thepatronymicending-ion.
Early"Qenya"hasy,yond-,yondo"son"(LT2:342).
AccordingtoLT2:344,thesearepoeticwords,whileyondoisthenormalwordfor"son"inmatureQuenya.
AccordingtoLT2:344,yondomeans"maledescendant,usually(great)grandson",butinmatureQuenya,yondomeans"son",andthewordissoglossedinLT2:342.
odnuluulundo"monster,deformedandhideouscreature"(贚UG)odnummundo(1)"bull"(Letters:422)odnummundo(2)"snout,nose,cape"(MBUD)odnuruaLLaurundo"Glorund"(>Glaurung).
AlsoUndolaur.
(LT2:341)odnussundo"base,root,root-word"(SUD),sc.
aQuendianconsonantal"base"odnuttundo"hill,mound"(TUN)odrammardo"dweller"(LT1:251)odrommordo(1)"shadow,obscurity,stain"(MOR)odrommordo(2)"warrior,hero"(LT1:268-probablyobsoletedby#1above)oell雘"shade,shadowcastbyanyobject"(DAY)oevv雘"man"(WEG;etymologicallyconnectedtov隺"manly,vigorous";themoreneutralwordfor"man"isn閞.
)ognaangopl.
angwi"snake"(ANGWA/ANGU)ognal[lango(2)"throat"](followedby*langwi-thisevidentlyindicatesthatthepl.
oflangoisNOTlangwi,butratherlangor.
Contrastango"snake",pl.
angwi.
Butwhateverthecase,langowaschangedtolanco.
)(LANG,seeLANK)ognallango(1)"broadsword",also"prowofaship"(LAG)ognattango"twang"(TING/TANG)ognuungo"cloud,darkshadow"(U袵)ohho"from"(3O);cf.
h-骽h-verbalprefix;"away,from,fromamong",thepointofviewbeingoutsidethething,place,orgroupinthought(WJ:368)ohtog駃roMMori駁othooldestformofMoringotto,Morgoth(MR:194)oiooio"anendlessperiod"(CO)or"ever"(SA:los).
Oiolair"Ever-summer"(nameofatree,UT:167;alsointhenameCoronOiolair,"MoundofEver-summer",assimilatedcorol-inthecontractionCorollair)(SA:coron);Oioloss"Everwhite,Ever-snowwhite",anameofTaniquetil(OY),hencethetranslation"MountEverwhite"inTolkien'srenderingofNam醨i.
SeealsoSA:los.
Explicit"mount"inOronOioloss"MountEverwhite"(WJ:403).
AblativicgenitiveOioloss雘"fromMountEverwhite"inNam醨i(Nam,RGEO:67,OY)oipiaaipio"plumtree,cherrytree"(GL:18)髄l"night,anight"(DO3/D)ol醡m醠o"friend"(MEL)olammalo"pollen,yellowpowder"(SMAL)oliaailo"lake,pool"(LT2:339;matureQuenyahasailin)oll-lloablativeending,"from"or"outof",e.
g.
sindan髍iello"outofagreyland",R髆ello"fromtheEast",Mardello*"fromEarth"(FS).
Pl.
-llonor-llor(inelenillor);dual-lto(Plotz)ollaccallo("k")"nobleman,hero"(KAL)olle[ello]"call,shoutoftriumph"(GYEL(s(PM:337,therespeltwiththespecialletter,notthedigraphth)ollocidniSSindicollo()"Grey-cloak",titleofElw(Elu).
SindarinThingol.
(WJ:410,MR:217).
(Sindi-inthisnameisacompoundformofsind,q.
v.
)OriginalformThindicollo(WJ:333).
TheSilmarillionappendix(SA:thin(d))givesSindacollo.
ollogniSSingollo()contractionofSindicollo(Silm)olluc+cullo("k")"redgold"(KUL)ol骳c髄o("k")"burden"(VT39:10)oloyyolo-"stink"(GL:41)oluc[culo,culu("k")"gold"(substance)](KUL;thewordculualsooccurredinearly"Qenya"[LT1:258],butintheEtymologiesitwasstruckout.
Usemalta.
)ol鷖s鷏o"goblet"(SUG;seeSUK)om-moendingfrequentinnamesandtitles,sometimeswithanagentalsignificance(WJ:400)omalaC#Calamopl.
Calamor("k")(Q-notSindarin!
)*"Light-Ones"=Light-Elves(KAL)om酦N醡o(1)"Judge",nameofaVala,normallycalledMandos,properlytheplacewherehedwells(WJ:402)om醤n醡o(2)"aperson,somebody"(PM:340-useratherquentoavoidconfusionwith#1)omanAAnamo"ofdoom"inRithil-Anamo,q.
v.
Nominative*anamaor*anan(anam-)omanA-lihtiRRithil-Anamo"RingofDoom",translationoftheforeignwordM醜anaxarthatwasadoptedandadaptedfromValarin(WJ:401).
Presumably*Risil-AnamoinExilicQuenya.
omayricciryamo"mariner",nominativeandgenitiveidenticalsincethenounalreadyendsin-o,cf.
Indisi-Ciryamo"theMariner'sWife"(UT:8)omel骻niing髄emo"onewithverygreatknowledge,a'wizard'",appliedonlytogreatsagesoftheEldarinValinor,likeR鷐il(PM:360)omilavvalimo"happy"(LT1:272;noadjectivesendin-oinmatureQuenya.
Usevalin.
)omil鶶S鷏imo()surnameofManwe(wind-god)(TH,SA:s鹟)ominaVVanimo(pl.
Vanimorgiven),"thebeautiful",childrenoftheValar(BAN),or"fairfolk"=(menand)elves(UGU/UMU)ominav趘animo"monster(creatureofMelko[r])(BAN,LT1:272);pl.
鷙animor"monsters"(UGU/UMU,(G))omiriM#Mirimopl.
Mirimor*"theFree",anameoftheTeleri(MIS)omitiaMMaitimo"well-shapedone",mother-name(neverusedinnarrative)ofNelyafinw=Maedhros(PM:353)omitsI#Istimopl.
Istimor*"WiseOnes"="Gnomes"(Noldor)(IS)omlaVValmo"maleVala"(alsoValon)(LT1:272;theseformsmayormaynotbevalidinmatureQuenya)omlinnilmo"friend"(apparentlymasc.
)(NIL/NDIL)omlognebmaL#Lambengolmopl.
Lambengolmor"LoremastersofTongues",aschoolfoundedbyF隺nor(WJ:396)omlogniingolmo"loremaster"(WJ:383)omlonnolmo("")"wiseperson"(PM:360)omlUUlmonameoftheValaofallwaters(ULU),interpreted"thePourer"byfolketymology,butthenamewasactuallyadoptedandadaptedfromValarin(WJ:400)omrannarmo("")"wolf"(袵AR(A)M;boththeoldform馻rmo=*ngarmoandtheThirdAgeformnarmoaregiven)omressermo"friend"(evidentlymasc.
,sincesermisstatedtobefem.
)(SER)omrIIrmo"Desirer",nameofaVala;normallycalledL髍ien,properlytheplacewherehedwells(WJ:402)omrocleyTTyelcormo("k")"hasty-riser",mother-name(neverusedinnarrative)ofTurcafinw=Celegorm(PM:353)omuarraumo"(noiseofa)storm"(Markirya)omuruCCurumo*"CunningOne","Saruman"(UT:401)omutoccotumo("k")"enemy"(KOT>KOTH)onno"under"(N;allothersourcesgivenuinstead.
Inearly"Qenya",nomeant"upon";MC:214)髇n(n體-,e.
g.
pl.
n體i)"conception"(=idea)(NOWO)on醕c醤o("k")"commander",usuallyasthetitleofalesserchief,especiallyoneactingasthedeputyofonehigherinrank(PM:345,SA:k醤o;PM:362indicatesthatc醤ooriginiallymeant"crier,herald");"ruler,governor,chieftain"(UT:400)Masc.
nameC醤o,seeCanafinwon醕retterc醤o"herald"(PM:362)on醕edniFFindec醤o("k")*"Hair-commander";SindarizedasFingon(PM:344)on醕uruTTuruc醤o("k")"Turgon"(PM:344)onappano"pieceofshapedwood"(PAN)onapmaampano"building"(especiallyofwood),"woodenhall"(PAN)on醨emliSSilmer醤o"ofsilvermoon"(MC:220;thisis"Qenya")onattano"craftsman,smith"(TAN)onatneccentano("k")"potter"(TAN)onaynnyano(prob.
misreadingfor*nyaro)"rat"(NYAD)onimlalaalalmino"Elm"-something(Narqelion)onmassamno()"carpenter,wright,builder"(STAB)onmutUUtumnonameofthefirstgreatstrongholdofMelkorintheNorth(SA:tum,TUB)onrevverno"husband"(BES)onritalahhalatirno,alsoshorthalatir(halatirn-,asindat.
sg.
halatirnen),"kingsfisher",etymologically"fish-watcher"(TIR,SKAL2,KHAL1)onrohtthorno(辭rno)archaic/Vanyarinformofsorno(Letters:427)onronnorno(1)"oak"(D覴ON)onroNNorno(2)"dwarf";apersonalizedformoftheadjectivenorna(WJ:413);Nornali(not*Nornoli)the"Dwarf-people"asawhole(WJ:388)onrossorno"eagle"(archaicthorno)(Letters:427).
Alsosoron.
Early"Qenya"hassor,sorn(LT1:266)onrotootorno"brother,swornbrother,[male]associate"(TOR,W).
Cf.
osell.
onuattauno"forest"(LT1:267;matureQuenyataur)opmuttumpo"hump"(TUMPU)or-ropronominalending"he",inantav醨o,q.
v.
orabmattambaro"woodpecker"(TAM)orac[caro]("k")"doer,actor,agent"(KAR;replacedbytyaro)oracatho[ohtacaro]("k")"warrior"(KAR)oradnannandaro("")"harper"(袵AN/袵罭AD)oraiaVVaiaroanameofUlmo,lordofVaiya(WAY)or醤aciAAican醨o("k")"SharpFlame,FellFire",masc.
name;SindarizedasAegnor.
(SoinSA:n醨andPM:345;MR:323hasAican醨.
)or醤aeFF隺n醨o"SpiritofFire",F隺nor(SA:n醨,PHAY).
Thewordapparentlyincludesthemasculineending-o.
or醤ayaFFayan醨oarchaicformofF隺n醨o(PM:343)oranmeccemnaro("k")"potter".
(TAN)oratneuqquentaro("q")"narrator"(KWET)oratnoontaro"begetter,parent"(evidentlymasc.
);pl.
ontari(seeontani)coversbothsexes.
(ONO)oravattavaro,tavaron"dryad,spiritofwoods"(evidentlymasc.
)(T罻AR)orayn*nyaro-seenyanoorayttyaro"doer,actor,agent"(KAR)oriammairo"horse"(GL:56;latersourceshaverocco)orooro"hill"(LT1:256;ratheramboinmatureQuenya)orooro-"rise"(LT1:256;matureQuenyahasorta-)or鬹elebm*mbelek魊oismentionedas"theoldestQform"ofMelkor;thisisobviouslyaformthatbelongstoCommonEldarinratherthanQuenyaasweknowit;notethatitisasteriskedasunattested(WJ:402)or髇oon髍o"brother"(ofblood-kinship)(TOR,N(W))oronronnornoro-"runon,runsmoothly"(LT1:263)orouqquoro-("q")"choke,suffocate"(LT1:264)orovvoro,voro-"ever,continually"(BOR,Narqelion)oruannauro("")"werewolf"(袵AW)oruaSSauro,Sauron()"theAbhorred",nameofaMaia.
EarlierThauron(SA:thaur,THUS),archaic*thaurond-(Letters:380,whereaspecialletterisusedinsteadofthedigraphth)oruenneuro"follower,successor"(NDEW)or鷋h鷕o"storm"(MC:214;thisis"Qenya")or鷑n鷕o"sunset"(ND)or鶶S鷕o()alternativeformofSauro(n)(THUS)ostootso"seven"(SA:s顁,OT/OTOS/OTOK)髏t"wool"(TOW)ot-toendingfordualgenitive(Plotz)otarrato"soon"(Arct)ot醨aar醫o"champion,eminentman"(SA:ar(a))ot醨adniFFindar醫o*"Hair-champion",SindarizedasFinrod(SA:ar(a))ot醨agnAAngar醫o"Iron-champion",masc.
name,SindarinAngrod(SA:ar(a)).
othussuhto"draught"(SUK)otiallaito,alsolaisi,"youth,vigour,newlife"(LT1:267)otl-lto"they",pronominalsuffixoccurringinF韗iel'sSong(meldielto"theyarebeloved"andc醨ielto"theymade"),alsoinLT1:114:tulielto"theyhavecome".
ProbablynotvalidinmatureQuenya(replacedby-nt)otl-ltoendingfordualablative(Plotz)otlavvalto"luck"(LT1:272)otlottolto"eight"(TOL1-OTH/OT)otluulto-"pour"(intransitive)(LT1:270;inmatureQuenyaulya-pa.
t.
ull)otnaanto(1)"mouth",alsonameoftengwa13(AppendixE)otnaanto(2)"giver"(m.
)(ANA1)otneento"next"(Arct)otnorooronto,oront"Sunrise"(LT1:264)otrabmAAmbarto*"upwards-exalted",mother-name(neverusedinnarrative)ofPityafinw=Amrod(PM:353,354)otrabmUUmbarto"Fated",mother-name(neverusedinnarrative)ofTelufinw=Amras.
TheominousnamewasalteredtoAmbartobyF隺nor.
(PM:353-354)otrammarto"fortune,fate,lot"(LT2:348)otramaamarto"Fate"(alsoambar)(LT2:348;inmatureQuenyaratherumbar,umbart-)otroorto"mountain-top"(覴OT)otroorto-"raise"(LT1:256;inmatureQuenyaorta-)otsaasto"dust"(罶-AT)otsammasto"village"(LT1:251)otsoosto(1)"astrongorfortifiedbuildingorplace,strongplace,fortress"(MR:350,471;WJ:414);"city,townwithwallround"(OS).
otsoosto(2)"thegatesoftheSun"(LT1:264;this"Qenya"wordisprobablyobsoletedby#1above)otsor鶷T鷕osto"Gabilgathol",adwellingoftheDwarves(SindarinBelegost;thenamesmean"Mickleburg","GreatFortress")ottaatto"father"(hypocoristic,=*"dad")(ATA,LR:49)ottogniroMMoringotto"BlackFoe",SindarinMorgoth.
TheoldestformissaidtohavebeenMori駁otho(MR:194)ottommotto"blot"(MBOTH)ottorrotto"asmallgrotortunnel"(PM:365)otuarabmaNNambarauto"hammererofcopper[>metal]",masc.
name(SDamrod)(RAUT)ot鷏l鷗o"flood"(LT1:249)ouhhuo"dog"(KHUG,seeKHUGAN)outtuo"muscle,sinew,vigour,physicalstrength"(TUG)髒v(actuallyspeltv),alsovondo,"son"(LT2:336;inmatureQuenyayondo)oviaccaivo("k")"corpse"(MC:221;matureQuenyahasloicoorquelet)ovruCCurvoseeCurufinwoxaaxo"bone",pl.
axorinMarkirya髖y["y"],yond-seeyondo.
oydniindyo"grandchild,descendant"(袵Y/袵YON-read*inyoinNoldorinQuenya,thatchangedndytonyCf.
QuenyaforQuendya.
)oyleNNelyoseeNelyafinwoyricaevv隺ciryo("k")"ofsea-ship",genitiveof#v隺cirya("k")(MC:216;thisis"Qenya";seev隺#2)oyroMMoryoseeMorifinwoytiPPityoseePityafinwoy鷜y鷜o"both"(Y)pattap-"stop,block"(theformt醦givenintheEtymologiesistranslated"hestops,blocks",evidentlythe3.
personsg.
aorist,thoughwewouldratherexpect*tap);pa.
t.
tamp(TAP)pelettelep-seetelpplussulp-"lick"(LT1:266;ratherlav-inmatureQuenya)pottop-"cover"(1.
pers.
aoristtop"covers"),pa.
t.
tomp(TOP).
Varianttup-,q.
v.
put#tup-"cover",isolatedfromunt鷓a,q.
v.
Varianttop-intheEtymologies.
r-rnominativepluralendingregularlyusedonnounsendingin-a,-i,-i,-o,-u,e.
g.
Ainur,Valar,tier.
raar(1)"and"(AR2,SA,FS,Nam,RGEO:67,CO,LR:47,56,MC:216)raar(2)"day",apparentlyshortfor醨,seeninthenamesoftheValinoreanweek,e.
g.
ArManwen"DayofManw".
raar-(prefix)"outside"(AR2)ra,arAar-,ara-aprefixedformofthestemAra-"noble"(PM:344).
InArac醤o"highchieftain",mothername(amiless,q.
v.
)ofFingolfin(PM:360,cf.
344),Arafinw"Finarfin"(MR:230)rabmaambar(1)("a-mbar")(dat.
sg.
ambaron)"oikumen[Greek:theearthasthehumanhabitation],Earth,world"(MBAR).
Ambar-metta"theendoftheworld"(EO)rabmaambar(2)"doom"(variantofumbar)inTurambar(SA:amarth);instrumentalambartanen"bydoom"(Silmch.
21,UT:138).
Theearly"Qenya"lexiconhasambar"Fate",alsoamarto(LT2:348)rabmaambar(3)"inbosom"(locative-r),nominative"bosom"presumably*amba(MC:213;thisis"Qenya")rabmIImbar"theHabitation,=Earth,"also"theprincipalpartofArda"(=theSolarSystem)(MR:337,alsoWJ:419note29)rabmuumbar(umbart-,asindat.
sg.
umbarten)"fate.
doom"(MBARAT),alsonameoftengwa6(AppendixE)rabmuLLumbarnameofastar(orplanet),tentativelyidentifiedwithSaturn(MR:435),evidentlyconnectedtolumbo,lumbul(Silm)rabmuruT[Turumbar](masc.
name)(MBARAT)ChangedbyTolkientoTurambarraccar-"make,do,build"(1.
pers.
aoristcarin"Imake,build"),pa.
t.
carn(KAR);stemcar("k")inthephrase醰acar"don'tdoit"(WJ:371);carir"form",aoristpl.
inthephraseicarirquettar"thosewhoformwords"(WJ:391).
Pastparticiplecarna,q.
v.
SomedoubtfulformsinF韗iel'sSong:pasttensec醨("k醨e")"made";theformcarn(LR:362)isprobablytobepreferredinmatureQuenya.
Also*c醨iwithvarioussuffixes:c醨ier("k醨ier")istranslated"theymade";actuallyitseemstobeanaugmentlessperfect*"theyhavemade","they"beingsimplythepluralending-r.
Theliteralmeaningofc醨ielto("k醨ielto")mustalsobe*"theymade"(cf.
-lto).
raccar-("k")"make,build"(1.
pers.
aoristcarin"Imake,build"),pa.
t.
carn(KAR)raccar(card-)("k")"deed"(rewritten>)"building,house"(KAR)r醕c醨(cas-)("k")"head"(KAS)racadlEEldacarmasc.
name,*"Elf-head"(AppendixA)racalaVValacarmasc.
name,*"Vala-head"(AppendixA)racammacar(1)"swordsman"(VT39:11).
InMenelmacar.
racammacar("k")(2)"tradesman"(MBAKH)racamleneMMenelmacar"SwordsmanoftheSky",theOrionconstellation(alsocalledTelumehtar,AppendixE,firstfootnote)racatho#ohtacar-stemofthepasttenseohtac醨(-"k醨e")"war-made",madewar(+allative=makewarupon)(LR:47,SD:246;ohtac醨iinLR:56).
Thepasttenseisprobably*ohtacarninmatureQuenya.
raclaalcar(sospeltinCO,otherwise"alkar")"glory,radiance,brilliance,splendour"(WJ:369,CO,AKLA-R;thelattersourcealsolistsanalternativelongerformalcar)raclaniMMinalcarmasc.
name,*"First-glory"(AppendixA)racleHHelcar,theInlandSeainthenorth-eastofMiddle-earth(helca"icy,icecold")radlamaamaldar(Narqelion;mayincludealdar"trees")radlamis鞱N韘imaldar"Flagranttrees",aregioninN鷐enor(UT:167;evidently#n韘ima"flagrant",attestedhereonly,+aldar"trees").
radleraTTareldar"High-elves"(MR:349),sg.
#TareldaradlerePPereldar"Half-elven"(=SindarinPeredhil)(Letters:282),intheEtymologiesusedoftheDanasorNandor(PER).
Sg.
#Perelda.
radravvardar"king"(LT1:273;ratheraraninmatureQuenya)rae隺r"sea"(AYAR/AIR[givesalsodat.
sg.
隺ren],WJ:413;seeLetters:386foretymology),pl.
隺ri"seas"(FS,LR:47);E鋜"theGreatSea",ablativeE鋜ello"fromtheGreatSea",etE鋜ello"outoftheGreatSea"(EO).
Compound隺ruil"seaweed"(UY).
FoundinnameslikeE鋜endil"Sea-friend",E鋜r醡"Sea-wing"(SA),E鋜endurmasc.
name,*"Sea-servant";ineffectavariantofE鋜endil(AppendixA).
Used="(professional)mariner"(Letters:386).
Fem.
nameE鋜wen"Sea-maiden"(Silm);E鋜r醡"Sea-wing","WingsoftheSea",nameofTuor'sship(RAM,AYAR/AIR)raemm隺r"gore"(LT1:260)raem髄l髆隺r"childofgloom"(pl.
evidentlyL髆隺rni)(LT1:255,259)rah#har-or#h醨a-"sit",pl.
h醨arinCO(ih醨ar"thosewhosit,thosewhoaresitting")rahhar,har"near"(LT1:253)rahaNNaharthenameofOrom'shorse,adoptedandadaptedfromValarin(WJ:401)rahollezEEzellohar"theGreenMound"wheretheTwoTreesgrew;adoptedandadaptedfromValarin;alsotranslatedasCoronOiolair,Corollair(WJ:401).
Thenamemusthavebecome*ErelloharinExilicQuenya.
rahtavAAvatharnameofthelandbetweenthesouthernPel髍iandtheSea,whereUngoliantdwelt;saidtobe"notElvish"inWJ:404andmustbethoughtofasanadaptionfromValarin;ontheotherhand,MR:284statesthatitis"ancientQuenya"andofferstheinterpretation"TheShadows".
Whateverthecase,itmusthavebecome*AvasarinExilicQuenya.
r醠l醨(1)"league",alinearmeasure,5000rangar(q.
v.
).
Arangawasapproximately38inches,soal醨was"5277yards,twofeetandfourinches[ca.
4826m],supposingtheequivalencetobeexact"-closeenoughtoourleagueof5280yardstojustifythistranslation.
Thebasicmeaningofl醨is"pause";inmarchesabriefhaltwasmadeforeachleague.
(UT:285)r醠l醨(2)"ears",apairofears(LAS2)ralabmAAmbalar"East"(MC:221;thisis"Qenya")ral醫iuqnissinquit醠ar("q")(Narqelion)ralhhlar-"hear",futuretensehlaruva"shallhear"inMarkiryarammar-"abide,besettledorfixed"(UT:317);maruvan"Iwillabide"(mar-uva-n"abide-will-I")(EO)rammar"earth",ablativeMardello"fromearth"(FS).
Maybemoreorlessidenticalwithm醨"home,house"(ofpersonsorpeoples;innameslikeVal(i)mar,Vinyamar,Mar-nu-Falmar,Mardil)(SA:bar).
Early"Qenya"hasmar(mas-)"dwellingofmen,theEarth,-land"(LT1:251)ramadlEEldamar"Elvenhome"(蒐ED;foundalreadyinNarqelion),accordingtoMR:176anothernameofTirion(seetir-).
ramadnEEndamar"Middle-earth"(EN,MBAR,NDOR).
However,Middle-earthisnormallycalledEndor,End髍.
ram醨rem鶱N鷐err醡ar"West-wings",nameofaship(N鷐en+r醡ar,noteassimilationnr>rr)(UT:175)ramaynaFFanyamar"upperair"(SPAN)ramayniVVinyamar*"NewDwelling"(Silm)ramilaVValimar"Vala-home",aregioninValinor,alsocalledValmar.
InNam醨i,thiswordisused=Valinor.
(Nam,RGEO:67)ramlaffalmar,falmarin(falmarind-orsimplyfalmarin-asinpl.
falmarindi[orfalmarini])"sea-spirit,nymph"(PHAL/PH罫AS)ramlaF-un-raMMar-nu-Falmar"HomeunderWaves",nameofthesunkenN鷐enor(Silm)ramlaSSalmar(masc.
name;etymologyunclear-cf.
salma)(Silm)ramlatraMMartalmar(name)(TALAM)ramlattiMMittalmarthe"Midlands"ofN鷐enor(UT:165)ramlaVValmaralternativeformofValimar,q.
v.
(Silm)ramodloNNoldomar"Gnomeland"(LT1:262).
Wouldrepresentearlier*裲ldomarandshouldbespeltaccordinglyinTengwar.
ramraarmar"goods"(pl.
)(3AR).
Sg#armaifthereisasg.
ramrettermar-"stand"meaninglast(ter-mar-"through-abide");futuretensetermaruvainCO.
r醤n醨"flame",alson醨(NAR1)ranAAnar"sun"(AN罵,NAR1,SA:n醨;UT:22cf.
51);anar"asun"(Markirya);Anarinya"mySun"(FS).
Seealso趓-anar.
ranagnullunganar"sagged"(MC:221;thisis"Qenya")ranammanar"doom,finalend,fate,fortune"(usually=finalbliss)(MANAD(underMAN))ran醨-adlissilda-r醤ar"ingleaming-moon"(locative-r)(MC:213;thisis"Qenya";cf.
sild)ran醨-agnimminga-r醤ar"inwaning-moon"(locative-r)(MC:213;thisis"Qenya")ranaroccoranar"sun-round",solaryear(AppendixD;pl.
coran醨iinPM:126)rana-r趓-anarwordoccurringinF韗iel'sSong,translated"theredsun";actuallytheprefixedelement鷕-musthavetodowiththeelementur-"heat,behot"mentionedintheSilmarillionAppendix.
ran镹N閚arnameofastar(orplanet),evidentlyderivedfromn閚"water"(Silm),tentativelyidentifiedwithUranus(MR:435)ranilavenraccarnevalinar("k")"red-"(Narqelion;veryearly"Qenya")ranmellemnar"week"(offivedays)(LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK)ranmeladlAAldalemnar"weekoftheTrees,Midyearweek"(LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK(G罫AD,YEN))ranmeleTTelemnarmasc.
name,"Silver-flame"(AppendixA;for*Telep-nar)rannammannar"into(the)hands",allativepl.
ofm.
(FS)rannil-linnaror-linnaendingforpartitivepl.
allative(Plotz);see-lirannil-linnarsee-liraooar(1)=oa,q.
v.
raooar(2)"childofthesea,merchild"(LT1:263;hardlyvalidinmatureQuenya)rarytheehtyar"spearman"(EK/EKTE)rassar(sard-,asinpl.
sardi)"(small)stone"(SAR).
InElessar,q.
v.
rasaasar(Vanyarinathar)"fixedtime,festival".
AdoptedandadaptedfromValarin.
(WJ:399).
Pl.
asariisattested(VT39:31)rasaCCasar("k")"Dwarf",pl.
CasariorCas醨i,partitivepluralCasalli.
AdaptedfromDwarvishKhaz鈊.
rasannasar"red"(inVanyarinQuenyaonly).
AdoptedandadaptedfromValarin.
(WJ:399)rasattasar,tasar"willow-tree"(TATHAR).
InTasarinan*"Willow-valley",Nan-tasarion*"Valleyofwillows"(SA:tathar)rasselEElessar"Elf-stone"(Elen+sar,actually*"Star-stone",cf.
Elendilconcerningelen"star"beingusedtomean"Elf")(LotR3:Vch.
8).
ElessarmayalsobeseenasapunorvariantofElesser"Elf-friend".
rattar(1)"thither"(TA)rattar(2)"beyond"(FS)rat-tarelementmeaning"king"or"queen"incompoundsandnames(T/TA3)raTTar-elementprefixedtothenamesoftheKingsandQueensofN鷐enor(e.
g.
Tar-Amandil);seetheirindividualnames(likeAmandilinthiscase),alsoinTareldar"High-elves";seealsoTarmenel.
r醫t醨pl.
t醨i"king"(onlyusedofthelegitimatekingsofwholetribes);thepl.
mustnotbeconfusedwiththesg.
t醨i"queen"(T/TA3)rataatar"father"(SA;WJ:402,UT:193,LT1:255).
AccordingtotheEtymologies(ATA)thepl.
isatari,butcontrast#at醨iinAtanat醨i"FathersofMen"(q.
v.
)Atarinya"myfather"(LR:70).
ratalaVValatar(Valat醨-asin"gen.
sg.
Valat醨en",inmatureQuenyadat.
sg.
)"Vala-king",appliedtotheninechiefValar:Manwe,Ulmo,Aule,Mandos,Lorien,Tulkas,Oss,Orome,andMelko[r].
Note:Thislist,recordedintheEtymologies,differsfromthescenarioofthepublishedSilmarillion;OssisnotaValainTolkien'slaterconception.
(BAL)ratanatAAtanatarmasc.
name,"FatherofMen"(AppendixA),alsocommonnounatanatar,pl.
Atanat醨i,"FathersofMen",atitlethat"properlybelongedonlytotheleadersandchieftainsofthepeoplesatthetimeoftheirentryintoBeleriand"(PM:324,SA:atar)ratannAAnnatar"LordofGifts,*Gift-lord",nameassumedbySauronwhenhetriedtoseducetheEldarintheSecondAge(SA:tar)ratav鷏IIl鷙atar"All-father",God(FS,IL;Il鷙-atar,ATA);Il鷙at醨en"ofIl鷙atar";inthe"Qenya"ofF韗iel'sSong,LR:47andSD:246,thegenitiveendingis-eninsteadof-oasinmatureQuenya.
Cf.
thegenitiveIl鷙atarointhephraseH韓iIl鷙ataro"ChildrenofIl鷙atar"intheSilmarillionIndex.
rataynivnEEnvinyatar"theRenewer"(LotR3:Vch.
8)ratcebmileTTelimbectar("k")"Orion",lit.
"SwordsmanofHeaven".
AlsoTelimectar("k").
(LT1:268;matureQuenyaTelumehtar)ratcemmectar("k")"Swordsman".
InTelimectar("k").
(LT1:268;matureQuenyamehtar)ratcemileTTelimectar("k")"Orion",lit.
"SwordsmanofHeaven".
AlsoTelimbectar("k").
(LT1:268;matureQuenyaTelumehtar)ratepmissimpetar"piper"(LT1:266)ratewniT[Tinwetar]"star-queen,QueenofStars",titleofVarda(TIN,T/TA3)rathammahtar"warrior"(MAK)rathe[ehtar]"spearman"(EK/EKTE)rathemilaCCalimehtarmasc.
name,*"BrightSwordsman"(AppendixA)rathoohtar"warrior,soldier"(UT:282)ratnarAArantarmasc.
name,*"King-Lord"(AppendixA)ratnEEntar"ThitherLands,Middle-earth,OuterLands,East"(seenfromAman)(EN)ratnocleTTelcontar"Strider"(MR:216)ratnorewniT[Tinwerontar]"star-queen,titleofVarda"(TIN,T/TA3)ratnoroSSorontar()"KingofEagles",SindarinThorondor,nameofagreatEagle(SA:thoron,THOR/THORON,T/TA3)ratsIIstar"Wizard",usedofGandalf,Saruman,Radagastetc.
Pl.
Istariisattested.
Gen.
pl.
inthephraseHerenIstarion"OrderofWizards"(UT:388)ratsoostar"township"(LT2:336)ratsohhostar"tribe"(LT2:340)ratson#nostarpl.
nostari"parents"(LotR3:VIch.
6,translatedinLetters:308)ratsoraTTarostarmasc.
name,*"Lordofostar[]"(AppendixA)ratsoroFForostarthe"Northlands"ofN鷐enor(UT:165)ratsorrayHHyarrostarthe"Southeastlands"ofN鷐enor(UT:165)ratsorrOOrrostarthe"Eastlands"ofN鷐enor(UT:165)ratsudnAAndustarthe"Westlands"ofN鷐enor(UT:165)ratsunrayHHyarnustar"theSouthwestlands"ofN鷐enorraummaur"dream,vision"(LT1:261)r醬qqu醨(alsoqu醨)"fist"(SA:celeb,KWAR;intheEtymologies,Tolkienfirstwrotequ醨pl.
quari,andqu醨isalsofoundinPM:318.
Asusual,theEtymformshaveqinsteadofqu.
)AccordingtoPM:318,the"chiefuse[ofthisword]wasinreferencetothetightlyclosedhandasinusinganimplementoracraft-toolratherthantothe'fist'asusedinpunching".
rauqnirepleyTTyelperinquar"Silver-fist,Celebrimbor"(PM:318;alsoTelperinqar,q.
v.
)ravaavar"recusant,onewhorefusestoactasadvisedorcommanded";pl.
AvariElvesthatrefusedtojoininthewestwardmarchtoAman(WJ:371)TheEtymologiesgivesAvar,Avaropl.
Avari"ElveswhoneverleftMiddle-earthorbeganthemarch"(AB/ABAR)ravammavar"shepherd"(LT1:268,GL:58)ravamiaTTaimavar"ShepherdoftheSky",Orion(LT1:268;OrioniscalledTelumehtarorMenelmacarinmatureQuenya)ravaT#Tavar(3)pl.
Tavari(nameofthe"faysoftheWoods"inearly"Qenya";seeTheBookofLostTales1p.
267)(T罻AR).
InmatureQuenyatavaro,tavaronmasc.
ortavarilfem.
ravattavar(1)"wood"(T罻AR)ravattavar(2),pl.
tavarni,"dale-sprites"(LT1:267;perhapsobsoletedby#1above)ravun閚n閚uvar"pooloflilles"(LT1:248)ravuruccuruvar("k")"wizard"(LT1:269-butGandalf,Sarumanetc.
wereistari)raxanah酠M醜anaxarthe"DoomRing"ofAman;adoptedandadaptedfromValarin.
(WJ:399)rayyar"towhom"(MC:215;thismaybe"Qenya",butontheotherhandboththerelativepronounyaandanallativicending-rarestillvalidinmatureQuenya,cf.
mir"into")r醳y醨(yar-,asindat.
sg.
yaren)"blood"(YAR;theSilmarillionappendixgivessercinstead)rayhhyar-"cleave"(1.
pers.
aoristhyarin"Icleave")(SYAD)rayhhyar"plough"(LT2:342)raynnyar-"totell"(1.
pers.
aoristnyarin"Itell")(NAR2)raynama趍anyar"thosenotofAman",EldarthatdidnotreachAman,sc.
SindarandNandor(SA:m鈔).
Sg.
#趍anya.
Also赼manyar.
rayttyar-"cause"(KYAR)raytsiistyar"scholar,learnedman"(IS)re#er-"remain",verb(LT1:269;givenintheformerinandglossed"remains";erinwouldhavetomean"Iremain"inmatureQuenya,ifthiswordistobeadapted.
)reer"one,alone"(ERE);"only,but,still"(LT1:269)rednEEnder(surnameofTulkas)(NDER,TULUK)rehatrAArtaher(Artah閞-)"noblelord",masc.
name(SindarinArothir)(PM:346)rehayriCCiryaher*"Ship-lord"(AppendixA)rehodnOOndohermasc.
name,*"Stone-lord"(ondoalludingtoGondor,"stone-land")(AppendixA)rehotsOOstohermasc.
name,*"City-lord"(AppendixA)reinnier"honey-bee"(LT1:262)reir韈c韗ier("k")"clove"(MC:216;thisis"Qenya")reissem鷑n鷐essier"theyareinthewest",aconstructionoccurringinF韗iel'sSong,evidentlyn鷐e(n)-ss-ie-r"west-in-are-they";thestative-verbsuffix-iisprobablynotvalidinmatureQuenya(FS)reit鷏l鷗ier"sailed"(MC:216;thisis"Qenya")r閘*l閞"man"(NI1)hypotheticalQformofPQd阹;theformactuallyusedinQuenyawasn閞)releppeler"fencedfield"(OldEnglisht鷑)(PEL(ES))relesseler()(sell-,asinpl.
selli)"sister"(THEL/THELES)releTTeler"sea-elf",pl.
Teleri,general(partitive)pl.
Telelli,thethirdtribeoftheEldar(TELES(MIS)),alsocalledLindar.
Telerimeans"thoseattheendoftheline,thehindmost",(WJ:382cf.
371),derivedfromthestemtel-"finish,end,belast"(SA:tel-).
TheLindarweresocalledbecausetheylaggedbehindonthemarchfromCuivi閚en.
Inearly"Qenya",Teler,alsoTelell,wasdefined"littleelf"(LT1:267),butthisiscertainlynotavalidglossinmatureQuenya.
remmer-"wish,desire,want"(theformmergiveninEtymseemstobethe3.
personsg.
aorist,*"wishes,desires,wants");pa.
t.
mern(MER)r閚n閞(ner-,asinpl.
neri)"man"(adultmale-elf,mortal,orofotherspeakingrace)(MR:213,DER,NDER,NI1)renaevv隺ner"(adult)man"(WEG)renagnillinganer"hummedlikeaharp-string"(MC:216;thisis"Qenya")renatsuallaustaner'lausted',pasttense("not'roared'or'rushed'butmadeawindynoise"-butinMC:220,Tolkienhimselftranslatedlaustan閞oas"rushed")(MC:216;thisis"Qenya")rerrer-"tosow"(1.
pers.
aoristrerin"Isow"),pa.
t.
rend(RED)res-ser"friend"(SER)resser-"rest"(1.
pers.
aoristserin"Irest");pa.
t.
probably*send(SED;cf.
rer-pa.
t.
rendfromREDconcerningthepasttense)resselEElesser(masc.
name=OldEnglish苐fwine,Elf-friend)(SER)retter,ter"through"(NotesonCO,UT:317,TER/TERES,Narqelion)rey鷖s鷜er(Narqelion)riffir-"die,fade"(cf.
fif韗u-);aorist()f韗"expire";augmentlessperfectf韗i,translated"shehasbreathedforth"(butnoexplicitelementmeaning"she"seemstobepresent)(MR:250,470)rihhir-"find",futuretensehiruvainNam醨i(hiruvaly"thoushaltfind")(Nam,RGEO:67)rillir-"tochant"(1.
pers.
aoristlirin"Ichant,Ising")(LIR1,GLIR)rillir'(Narqelion)rimmir(1)"totheinside,into"(alsominna)(MI)rimmir(2)"one"(LT1:260;inmatureQuenyamin)rimanatAAtanamirmasc.
name,*"Edain-jewel"(AppendixA).
rimatrAArtamir"Noblejewel",masc.
name(AppendixA)rimatsaCCastamirmasc.
name,"casta[]-jewel"(AppendixA)rinavaavanir"unwill"(VT39:23)rissir-"flow"(SIR)risteetsir"mouthofariver"(ET)rittir-"watch,watchover,guard,heed",1.
pers.
aoristtirin"Iwatch",pa.
t.
tirn(TIR),futuretensetiruva"shallheed"inMarkirya(alsoMC:213,214);alsoinCOwithpronominalendings:tiruvantes"theywillguardit"(tir-uva-nte-s"guard-will-they-it").
Thestemalsooccursinpalant韗i(q.
v.
),Tirion"GreatWatchtower",acityoftheElves(SA:tir;inMR:176thetranslationis"WatchfulCity")ritalahhalatir(halatirn-,asindat.
sg.
halatirnen),alsohalatirno,"kingsfisher",etymologically"fish-watcher"(TIR,SKAL2,KHAL1)r韙nalappalant韗(pl.
palant韗i)*"Far-seer",themagicfar-seeingstonesmadebytheNoldorintheFirstAge(SA:palan,PAL).
Foretymology,seeLetters:427.
AlsoPalantirmasc.
name,"Far-sighted"(AppendixA,SA:palan,PAL,TIR.
ritnemrayHHyarmentir(nameofamountain;theelement-tirmeans*"watch[ingpoint]".
)(SA:hyarmen)ritsaniMMinastirmasc.
name,*"Tower-watcher"(AppendixA)ritsinraCCarnistir"red-face",masc.
name,mother-name(neverusedinnarrative)ofMorifinw=Caranthir(PM:353)roor"over"(CO);inearly"Qenya",thisprepositionwasalsodefinedas"on,upon"(LT1:256,MC:216)rocleMMelcor(sospeltinMR:362)seeMelkorrocleMMelkor(speltMelcorinMR:362),therebelliousVala,thedeviloftheSilmarillionmythos.
OlderformMelk髍"Mighty-rising"(hencetheinterpretation"Hethatarisesinpower").
Oldestform*mbelek魊o(WJ:402).
Melkoroh韓i"ChildrenofMelkor",Orcs("butthewisersay:nay,theslavesofMelkor;butnothischildren,forMelkorhadnochildren")(MR:416)rodlenneldor"beech"(LT2:343)rodn-ndor"land"incompounds(Letters:308,UT:253)rodnalaVValandor"thelandoftheValar",confusedwithandreplacedbyValin髍"thepeopleoftheValar",shortformValinor(SA:d魊,Silm)rodnarAArandor"Kingsland"(UT:165).
rodnEEndor"Middle-earth"(SA:d魊,NDOR),"centreoftheworld"(EN);alsolongformEnd髍"Middle-earth"(AppendixE);allativeEndorenna"toMiddle-earth"inEO.
rodnem鶱N鷐endor"landofthewest",confusedwithandreplacedbyN鷐en(n)髍"peopleofthewest"(SA:d魊)rodniindor"master(ofhouse),lord"(LT2:343;probablyobsoletedtogetherwithindo"house",q.
v.
)rodnirev蛌erindor"Ireland"(LT2:344);also*蛌erin,蛌erind-.
rodnoraTTarondormasc.
name,*"LordofOndor(Gondor)"(AppendixA)rogniingor"summitofamountain"(PM:340)roippior(Narqelion)rollor-"toslumber"(LT1:259;thecorrespondingabstractnounl髍"slumber"isattestedinmatureQuenya,sothisverbmuststillbevalid).
Cf.
alsolor"dream"(Letters:308;probablyjustanElvish"element"ratherthanacompleteword)roll-llorendingforpluralablative;also-llonroloolor"dream",noun(LOS,覮OS,LT1:259[thelattersourcealsogivesol髍隴);perhapschangedbyTolkientoolos,q.
v.
rolossolor"surf"(SOL);solor,soloss"surf,surge"(LT1:266)rommor"darkness"(Letters:308;probablyjustanElvish"element"ratherthanacompleteword;Nam醨ihasmornifor"darkness")romureHHerumor*"BlackLord"r髇n髍"land"(asopposedtosea;norinLetters:308).
Longer,moreusualformn髍,q.
v.
ronadlEEldanor"Elvenland",regionsofValinorwheretheElvesdweltandthestarscouldbeseen(MR:176)ronaem髄Taurelil髆隺-tumbalemornaTumbaletaur隺L髆隺nor"Forestmanyshadowed-deepvalleyblackDeepvalleyforestedGloomyland",QuenyaelementsagglutinatedinEntishfashion;thissupposedlymeanssomethinglike"thereisablackshadowinthedeepdalesoftheforest"(LotR2:IIIch.
4;translatedinAppendixFunder"Ents";cf.
alsoLetters:308)ronanrAArnanor,Arnan髍"Arnor",RoyalLand(so#arna="royal")(Letters:428)ronayriFFiryanor=Hild髍ien,theplacewheremortalmenfirstawoke,liketheElvesdidatCuivi閚en(PHIR)ronem鶱N鷐enor"Westernesse",thegreatislegiventotheEdainbytheValar(FS,LR:56);fullformN鷐en髍;seeN鷐en(n)or.
ronewiAAiwenor,Aiwenor(read*Aiwen髍)"Birdland"=lowerair(AIW)roniagnAAngainorthechainwithwhichMelkorwasbound(Silm),transparentlyincludinganga"iron".
ronilaVValinor"theland(orpeople)oftheValar",*"Vali-land"(Vali=Valar),landoftheGodsintheWest(BAL,NDOR);cf.
Valandor.
FullformValin髍(BAL;Vali-n髍underNDOR)Intheearly"QenyaLexicon",Valinor,Valin髍isglossed"Asgard",thenameofthecityofthegodsinNorsemythology(LT1:272).
Possessive(hereobjectgenitive)Valin髍evainNurtalValin髍eva,the"HidingofValinor"(Silm).
rossor,sorn"eagle"(LT1:266);rathersorno,soroninmatureQuenyarovvor,voro"ever"(BOR,LT1:250,273[onlyvorointheEtymologies];alsoinNarqelion)rovurimmiruvor,fullformmiruv髍"meed","aspecialwineorcordial";possessivemiruv髍eva"ofmeed"(Nam,RGEO:66;WJ:399)Inthe"QenyaLexicon",miruv髍wasdefined"nectar,drinkoftheValar"(LT1:261).
r鷕"fire"(UR)ThisstemwasstruckoutinEtym,butawordthatmustbederivedfromitoccursinLotR,soitseemsthatTolkienrestoredit.
Early"Qenya"alsohas踨"theSun"(also趓i,趓inci("k"),Urwen)(LT1:271).
Cf.
趓i.
rud-dursee-ndurrudleneMMeneldurmasc.
name,*"Heaven-servant"(AppendixA)rudlisIIsildur(masc.
name.
,*"Moon-servant")(SA:sil,AppendixA,ND)rudn-ndur(also-dur)endinginsomenames,likeE鋜endur;asnotedbyChristopherTolkienintheSilmarillionAppendixithasmuchthesamemeaningas-ndil"friend";yet-ndurproperlymeans"servantof"(SA:(n)dil),"asoneservesalegitimatemaster:cf.
Q.
arandilking'sfriend,royalist,besidearandur'king'sservant,minister'.
Buttheseoftencoincide:e.
g.
Sam'srelationtoFrodocanbeviewedeitherasinstatus-ndur,inspirit-ndil.
"(Letters:286)rudnalaVValandurmasc.
name,*"Vala-servant"(AppendixA)rudnelEElendurmasc.
name,*"Star-servant",probablyintendedtomean*"Elf-servant";ineffectavariantofElendil(AppendixA)rudnelePPelendurmasc.
name,*"Fence-servant"(AppendixA)rudneluAAulendur"ServantofAul",appliedespeciallytothosepersons,orfamilies,amongtheNoldorwhoactuallyenteredAul'sserviceandinreturnreceivedinstructionfromhim(PM:366)rudnemeCCemendurmasc.
name,*"Earth-servant"(AppendixA)ruffur-"toconceal,tolie"(LT2:340)runiuFFuinur(misprint"Fuinar"intheSilmarillionIndex)masc.
name,evidentlyderivedfromfuin"shadow"(Silm;cf.
thestemPHUYintheEtymologies)runraEE鋜nurmasc.
name,contractionofE鋜endur(AppendixA)ruttur"king"(LT1:260);ratheraraninmatureQuenya,butcf.
theverbtur-.
ruttur-"wield,control,govern"(1.
pers.
aoristturin"Iwield"etc.
),pa.
t.
turn(TUR)rutayniMMinyatur"First-ruler";Tar-Minyatur"HighFirst-ruler",titleofElrosasthefirstKingofN鷐enor(SA:minas,PM:348,SA:tur)rutnaeF#F隺nturpl.
F隺nturi"MastersofSpirits",nameofthetwoValarMandosandL髍ien(SA:f隺,SA:tur)rutnaFFantur"lordofcloud",surnameofMandos(SPAN,TUR)rutnafolOOlofantur"lordofDream-cloud",surnameoftheValaL髍ien(覮OS,SPAN)rutnafuruNNurufantur"lordofDeath-cloud",surnameofMandos(SPAN,袵UR)rutsalaFFalasturmasc.
name,*"Shore-lord"(AppendixA)s-s(1)pronominalending"it",seenintiruvantesandut鷙ienyes,q.
v.
Mayalsobeusedfor"he/she"asineques;itseemsthat-scoverstheentire3.
personsingular.
s-s(2)endingforthemysteriouscasesometimescalled"respective".
Pl.
-is,dual-tes,partitivepl.
-lis.
saffas,fats"tassel"(GL:34)sakluTTulkas(Tulkass-,asindat.
sg.
Tulkassen)nameofaVala,adoptedandadaptedfromValarin(WJ:399,TULUK)salaffalas(falass-),falass"shore,beach"(LT1:253,LT2:339);falass"shore,lineofsurf"(SA:falas),"beach"(PHAL/PH罫AS);FalassN鷐隺"WesternSurf"(LT1:253)salattalas"sole"(LT2:347;matureQuenyahastallun)sam-maselementinplacenames,equivalenttoEnglish-ton,-by(LT1:251;mayormaynotbevalidinmatureQuenya)samoiccoimas"life-bread"=Sindarinlembas(SA:cuivi,PM:395);coimasEldaron"thecoimasoftheEldar"(PM:395)sap骳[c髉as]"harbour",seec髉a,h髉a.
saracraccarcaras,carcass("k")"rowofspikesorteeth"(LT2:344-matureQuenyahascarcan,butthesewords,especiallycarcass,maystillbevalid)saraynafrAArfanyaras(*Arfanyarass-),Arfanyarassa"variantorcloseequivalent"ofTaniquetil(WJ:403)satleppeltas(peltax-,asinpl.
peltaxi["ks"])"pivot"(PEL,TAK)savattavas"woodland"(LT1:267)sayricrAArciryasmasc.
name(evidentlyderivedfrom*arcirya"royalship")(AppendixA)seesunidentifiedwordinthephraseessorniheruionan!
"theEaglesoftheLordsareathand"(SD:290);possiblyanassimilatedformofen,thatmayfunctionasakindofdeiticparticlehere:*"BeholdtheEagles.
.
.
"selemmeles,meless"love"(LT1:262;rathermelminmatureQuenya)set-tesendingfordual"respective"(Plotz)seuqeeques(equess-,asinpl.
equessi)"asaying,dictum,aquotationfromsomeone'sutteredwords,acurrentorproverbialdictum"(WJ:392);IEquessiR鷐ilo"theSayingsofR鷐il"(WJ:398)sewreinnierwes"hive"(LT1:262)seyneiv鷗uut鷙ienyessee*tuv-siis"lightsnow"(LT1:256)si-isendingforplural"respective"(Plotz)sidniindisistranslated"wife"inUT:8;butisassignedthemeaning"bride"inotherplaces;userathervessfor"wife".
Indis"Bride",nameofthegoddessNessa(NDIS-S/S(NETH,NI1,NDER,I));IndisNessa*"BrideNessa",titleandnameoftheVali(NETH)sillis(liss-,e.
g.
dat.
sg.
lissen)"honey"(LIS)silappalis"sward,lawn"(LT1:264)silatsevaavestalis"January"(LT1:252;matureQuenyahasNarviny)silaVValis"femaleVala"(alsoVald)(LT1:272;inmatureQuenyaVali)siliccileiNNieliccilis("k")"littleNi閘e"(MC:215;thisis"Qenya")Silindo"Jupiter"(LT1:265;thisplanetiscalledAlcarinquinmatureQuenya)siliuqimmiquilis("q")"kisses"(noun)(MC:215;thisis"Qenya")s韓n韘(niss-,asinpl.
nissi)"woman"(MR:213.
TheEtymologiesgivesnis(orniss)pl.
nissi:seethestemsNDIS-S/S,NI1,NIS(N蔙).
However,theMRformsaretobepreferred.
)sinialaCCalainis("k")"May"(LT1:252,254;inmatureQuenyaL髏ess)siraooaris(oarits-),alsooarwen,"mermaid"(LT1:263;readperhaps隺r-foroar-inmatureQuenya)siriacAAcairis("k")fem.
name,"bride"(LT1:252;inmatureQuenya,"bride"isindis)siricciris("k")"cleft,crack"(LT2:337-obsoletedbyciriss)sirittiris"watch,vigil"(LT1:258)siuqilliquis("q")"transparence"(LT1:262)siuqinniquis"frost-patterns",alsoniquessbyassociationwithquess"feather"(WJ:417).
Inearly"Qenya",theglosswassimply"snow"(LT1:266).
soos(ost-)"house,cottage"(LT2:336;hardlyvalidinmatureQuenya-usecoaormar)sodnaMMandos(Mandost-)"CastleofCustody"(theapproximatemeaning,accordingtoMR:350)UsedasthenameofaVala,properlytheplacewherehedwells(theHallsofMandos),whilehisrealnameisN醡o(WJ:402).
IntheEtymologies,Mandos(alsoMandoss)isinterpretedsomewhatdifferently,"DreadImprisoner"(MBAD(MANAD)).
SeealsoMando.
sohhos"folk"(LT2:340)soirittirios"atownwithwallsandtowers"(LT1:258)sol醡m醠os"forest"(LT2:342-rathertaurinmatureQuenya)solenemrAArmenelosCityoftheKingsinN鷐enor(ar-menel-os(to)"royal-heaven-city")solo唎los"(2)snow,fallensnow"(prob.
oloss-),also唎loss(GOLOS)soloolos(1)"dream,vision"(olor-,asinpl.
olorifromearlierolozi)(UT:396).
Cf.
olor.
solottolos"knob,lump"(LT1:269)sonemroFFormenos"NorthernFortress"(SA:formen)su#us-"escape",verb(givenintheformusin"heescapes"inLT1:251;thiswouldhavetomean"Iescape"ifthewordistobeadoptedtomatureQuenya).
Cf.
usw.
t-t(1)dualending,denotingapairofsomething:m醨yat"her(pairof)hands"(Nam).
OtherdualendingsknownfromthePlotzletter:genitive-to,possessive-twa,dative-nt,locative-ts,allative-nta,ablative-lto,instrumental-nten,"respective"-tes.
t-t(2)"them",pronominalending;seeninthewordlaituvalmet"weshallblessthem"(lait-uva-lme-t"bless-shall-we-them").
Alsoindependentwordte.
t-t(3)reducedpronominalaffixofthe2.
person,"you"(sg.
).
Seeheca!
(WJ:364)tahhat-pa.
t.
hant"breakasunder"(SKAT)tahretterhat-"breakapart"(SKAT),pasttenseterhant"broke"(LR:47/56)talaalat-*"large,greatinsize"(rootmeaning)(罫AT).
InAlatair.
talattalat-astemusedfor"slipping,sliding,fallingdown"(Letters:347),cf.
talta-andtalantitalodnAAndolat(hill-name,=SindarinDolad)(NDOL)tammat-"eat"(MAT),alsogivenasmata-(VT39:5),pa.
t.
mant"ate"(VT39:7)tannat"thing"(N2)tanallanat"weft"(LAN)tan鷑at"athingimpossibletobeortobedone"(VT39:26)Cf.
-andnat.
tapayhhyapat"shore"(SKYAP)tarassarat(pl.
saratigiven)"letter",anyindividualsignificantmark,usedofthelettersofR鷐ilaftertheinventionofF隺nor'stengwar(WJ:396)Tarcil("k")masc.
name,*"High-man",alsousedtomeanN鷐en髍ean(AppendixA,TUR,KHIL)tauqquat-"fill"(WJ:392),future#quantuva"shallfill"(enquantuva"shallrefill")(Nam,RGEO:67)tayyat(yaht-)"neck"(YAK)teet"out"(+ablative:"outof");Alsoprefixet-"forth,out"(ET);ettuler*"arecomingforth"(ettul-=et+tul-).
(SD:290;readprobably*ettulirorcontinuative*ett鷏arinmatureQuenya).
teceecet("k")"shortbroad-bladedsword"(UT:284)telemp"silver"(LT1:268;inmatureQuenyatelp,alsofoundinearly"Qenya")telenneletpl.
nelci("k")"tooth"(N蒐-EK)teleuqquelet("q")(quelets-,asinpl.
queletsi)"corpse"(KWEL)temmet"us(two)",includingthedualending-t.
Me(LR:56)evidentlymeans"we".
temorOOrometplace-nameofobscuremeaning(Silm)teretteret"auger,gimlet"(LT1:255)tesseuqquesset("q")"pillow";probably*quessec-sincetheSindarincognatepessegpointstoaprimitiveform*kwessek-(comparefilit,filic-)(KWES)teuqquet-"say,speak"(SA:quen-/quet-,LT2:348),pa.
t.
quentinPM:401,404.
Cf.
also#maquet-teuqadlEEldaquet("q")apparentlyanothernameofQenya(LT2:348)teuqam#maquet-*"ask",onlyattestedinthepasttense:maquent(PM:403)teuq醰v醧uet-(1.
pers.
aoristv醧uetinand1.
pers.
pasttensev醧uentenaregiven)"tosayno"(notdenyingthatsomethingistrue,butdenyingtodoortoallowsomething:"tosayIwillnot/donot";"torefuse","toforbid"(WJ:370,371)teuqavaavaquet-("q")"refuse,forbid"(KWET)thayyaht-seeyat(YAK)tiliffilit(filic-("k"),asinpl.
filici)"smallbird"(PHILIK)tirillirit"poem"(LT1:258)tn-ntendingfordualdative(Plotz)tneuqquent("q")"word"(LT2:348;inmatureQuenyaquetta)tolegniVVingelot,Vingilot,Vingil髏"Foam-flower",nameofE鋜endil'sship(SA:wing,Silm)tolegniWWingelot,Wingel髏"foam-flower",nameofEarendel's[sic]boat(WIG,LOT(H))toligniVVingilot,Vingelot,Vingil髏"Foam-flower",nameofE鋜endil'sship(SA:wing,Silm)toligniwwingilot"foamflower,E鋜endel'sboat"(LT1:273;inmatureQuenyaWingelot,Wingel髏e)tollem鷉f鷐ellot"poppy"(alsof鷐ella)(LT1:253)tonnot-"reckon"(NOT);pastparticiplen髏ina"counted,*reckoned"(FS).
tonoonot-"countup"(NOT)torav酦N醰arot"Nogrod"(Readmarto,asinLT2:348)trammart-"ithappens"(impersonal)(LT2:348-readmarta-)tsalaalast-"marble"(GL:39).
Somefinalvowelwouldobviouslyberequired-read*alastaOr*alas,becomingalast-beforeanendingtsuarraust"hunting,preying"(LT1:260;inmatureQuenya*roim[misreading"raime"inLR:384].
Nowordcanendin-stinmatureQuenya.
)tunnut-"tie"(1.
pers.
aoristnutin"Itie")(NUT)Turambarmasc.
name,"MasterofDoom/Fate",nametakeninpridebyT鷕in(AppendixA,SA:tur,TUR,MBARAT)uu-"notdo,notbe"(1.
pers.
aoristuin"Idonot,amnot"),pa.
t.
鷐(UGU/UMU)-(prefix)"not-,un-,in-",denyingpresenceorpossessionofthingorquality(VT39:14,UGU/UMU,G,LT1:272)uaau-(1)averbalprefix"off,*away",asinauciri("k")"cutoff"(soastogetridoforloseaportion);contrasth骳iri(WJ:365,368)uaau-(2)privativeprefix,="without"(AWA)uallau"noindeednot,onthecontrary"("alsousedforaskingincredulousquestions")(LA)uaqlaffalqua("q")"cleft,mountainpass,ravine"(LT2:341)uarrau(pl.
r醰i)"lion"(LT1:260;thepl.
isvalidinmatureQuenya,butthesg.
hasbecomer)鷆c("k")"arch,crescent"(KU3);"crescentMoon"(LT1:271;thelongvowelwasdenotedbyacircumflexratherthananaccentintheearly"Qenya"lexicon)uccu,cua("k")"dove"(K)ucarattaracu-("k")"ox"(LT2:347,GL:69)ucinnicu-("k")"bechill,cold(ofweather)"(WJ:417)udnammandu"abyss"(MC:214;thisis"Qenya"-matureQuenyahasundum)udnamagnAAngamanduseeAndamando(LT1:249)udnamerEEremandu"HellsofIron",anameofAngband(LT1:249)udneuqquendu*"Elvishman",pl.
quendurgiven(MR:229;changedfromquendopl.
quendor)udnuundu"down,under,beneath"(UNU),prefixundu-"down",inundul醰"down-licked"=covered.
Lumbulundul醰ilytier"(heavy)shadowdown-lickedallpaths",lyricaltranslation"allpathsaredrowneddeepinshadow"udnuccundu("k")"prince"(KUND)udruurdu"death"(LT2:342;rathernuruinmatureQuenya)ueppeu"thetwolips,themouth-opening"(VT39:9).
鷏l"atime,occasion"(LU)ulappalu-"openwide,spread,expand,extend"(PAL)uleccelu("k")"stream"(LT1:257;ratherceluminmatureQuenya)ulIIlu"(the)world"(FS,LR:47,56),"universe"(IL);ilu"everything,all,thewhole"(oftheuniversealsoincludingGodandallsoulsandspirits,whicharenotproperlyincludedinthetermE;seeVT39:20)uluulu-"pour"(transitive)(LT1:270;inmatureQuenyaulya-pa.
t.
ulyan)uluc[culo,culu("k")"gold"(substance)](KUL;thewordculualsooccurredinearly"Qenya"[LT1:258],butintheEtymologiesitwasstruckout.
Usemalta.
)uluttulu-"fetch,bring,bear;move,come"(LT1:270;probablyobsoletedbytulta-inmatureQuenya)uluyyulu-"carry"(GL:38)umaamu-"raise"(LT2:335;matureQuenyahasorta-)umaamu"up,upwards"(LT2:335;inmatureQuenyaamba)unnu"under"(LR:56,Markirya,Nam,RGEO:66,MC:214;theEtymologiesalonegivesno[q.
v.
]instead)unahhanu"amale(ofMenorElves),maleanimal"(3AN)unallanu"lead"(LT1:268)unammanu"departedspirit"(MAN)unEEnu"theAlmightyCreatorwhodwellswithouttheworld"(LT2:343-inmatureQuenyaEru)unellenu-"stretch"(LT2:341)un閚n閚u"yellowwater-lily"(LT1:248)uniAAinu"holyone,angelicspirit";fem.
Aini(AYAN,LT1:248);"oneofthe'order'oftheValarandMaiar,madebeforeE";pl.
Ainurattested.
AdoptedandadaptedfromValarin(WJ:399).
Intheearly"Qenyalexicon",ainuwasglossed"apagangod",andainiwassimilarly"apagangoddess",butasChristopherTolkiennotes,"OfcoursenoonewithinthecontextofthemythologycancalltheAinur'pagan'"(LT1:248).
Ainulindal"MusicoftheAinur"(SA:lin#2),theFirstHistory(WJ:406),theSongofCreation(AYAN)uniaffainu-"release"(LT1:250)upalhhlapu-"blow;flyorstreaminthewind",participlehl醦ula"blowing"inMarkirya鶵R"Dr鹓",R鷄tanpl.
R鷄tani"Dr鷈dain"(UT:385)urattaru"horn"(LT2:337,347;matureQuenyatarca)urayyaru"gloom,blight"(GL:37)urEEru"theOne",God,anamereservedforthemostsolemnoccasions(WJ:402),genitiveEruo(MR:329).
urehheru-"torule"(LT1:272;rathertur-inmatureQuenya)urehheru(h閞-)"lord,master"(PM:210,KHER,LT1:272);Letters:283givesh閞(heru);heruionevidentlyagen.
pl.
ofheru"lord":*"ofthelords"(SD:290);urevveru"husbandandwife,marriedpair"(BES)ur韋iffif韗u-isevidentlythefrequentative(seesis韑a-)formoffir-;accordingtoMC:223itmeans"slowlyfadeaway";participlefif韗ulainMarkirya(translated"fading")urommoru-"tohide"(LT1:261)urrunnurru-"murmur,grumble"(cf.
"Qenya"n鷕u-);participlenurrulainMarkirya,changedtonurrua,perhapsakindofverbaladjectiveofthesamemeaning(translated"mumbling"inMC:215)uruuru"fire"(LT1:271)uruccuru"skill"inCurufin,Curufinw,Curunir(SA:curu).
Inearly"Qenya",thisword(speltkuru)wasglossed"magic,wizardry"(LT1:269)uruffuru"alie"(LT2:340,GL:36)urummuru-"toslumber"(LT1:261)ur鷑n鷕u-"growl(ofdogs),grumble"(LT1:263).
Perhapsreplacedbynurru-(q.
v.
)inmatureQuenya.
urunnuru,Nuru"death,Death"(袵UR).
Thiswouldrepresentearlier*駏ruandshouldbespeltaccordinglyinTengwarwriting.
Whenpersonalized,NurureferstoMandos.
Cf.
Nurufantur.
ur鷖s鷕u"wind"(MC:213,216,220;thisis"Qenya";matureQuenyahass鷕)urutturu-"kindle"(LT1:270;rathertinta-inmatureQuenya)urutturu"wood"(properlyfirewood,butusedofwoodingeneral)(LT1:270)uruyttyuru-"to'turn'milk,makecheese"(QL:50,cf.
GL:28)鷖s"noiseofwind"(LT1:266;"Qenya"spellings)utullutu-"flow,float"(LT1:249)uvulluvu-"lower,brood"(LT1:259)uvuttuvu-"receive"(GL:71)uynataffatanyu"hell"(GL:51)vallav-(1)"lick",pa.
t.
#l醰inundul醰,seeundu(Nam);1.
personaoristlavin"Ilick"intheEtymologies(LAB)vallav-(2)"yield,allow,grant"(DAB)vayttyav-"taste"(1.
pers.
aoristtyavin"Itaste")(KYAB)vut#tuv-"find",perfectut鷙i"hasfound"inAragorn'sexclamationwhenhefoundthesaplingoftheWhiteTree:ut鷙ienyes"Ihavefoundit"(ut鷙ie-nye-s"havefound-I-it")(LotR3:VIch.
5)waccaw-"bow"("k")(1.
persaoristcawin"Ibow")(LT1:257;cf.
cauka,cauko)