uctuationchrome

INDEXAAbsorptionspectrum184,186Acrolein.
170Actinlament191,192,216Actin-myosincytoskeleton215–221Actionspectrum.
64,89,104,115Activationenergy187Agar-gelatinlm.
192,193,195–197Agravitropicmutant.
11Agrobacteriumtumefaciens.
192Aimingerrorangle.
65,73Airturbulence76Alexa488.
171,194,196Alkalinephosphatase.
168,169,171Alkoxy-auxin.
146Anemotropism.
65,76,77Anionexchangeresin.
95,99Antibiotics96,111Antibodyanti-IAA.
165–171monoclonal.
168,194polyclonal.
168secondary.
168,171,194,196Antifoggingheater209Apicalcell.
27,53Apicaldome.
27,85,87,8898,99,114,115,191Apicalexpansion.
84,85,109Arabidopsisthaliana3,7,121,157159,165,177,207,215–219Columbia(Col)ecotype5,11,15,16,133Arclength.
224,226228,230–233ATP-bindingcassettesubfamilyB(ABCB)5,144,145,147,149,154Aureochrome.
89,106,108,116–118,121AUX1.
144,147,154,159Auxinantagonist145,146,153,154asymmetry6biosynthesis143–155efuxcarrier.
55,144uorescentanalog150,151,157–162gradient.
6,143,144,157,158inuxcarrier54,143signaling.
5,144–146,149150,153,158,165transport5,45,143–155,159Auxin-decientphenotype153,154Auxin/indole-3-aceticacid(AUX/IAA)5,144145,158,165Auxinresponseelement(AuxRE)158Auxinresponsefactor(ARF)5,145,158AuxinsignalingF-box(AFB)144,146,149151,154,159Avoidanceresponse.
36,39,41,65Axenicculture.
89,97,106,111Azimuthalangle65,73,78BBackgroundilluminationsimultaneous.
93,99,113,114Balancemethod.
115Beamsplitter.
70,71,74,77Bendingrate49,77,78Bichromaticirradiation.
77Blue-lightphotoreceptor.
4,67,121Boergeseniaforbesii90Bowing.
85,87Brackishalgae91Branchinduction.
84,89,91,106108,109,116Branching19,35,58,8485,89,96–99,106–108,111,113,115–117,122,123Bryopsisplumosa90Bulging29,85,87,88,108bZIPdomain.
89,108,116CCa2+28,101,102,113–115channelblocker114ionophore114CameraCCD.
158digitalsingle-lensreex(DSLR)133,137infrared-sensitive9,12,15Carposporegermling122,127Cauliowermosaicvirus(CaMV)35Sminimumpromoter.
157KotaroT.
Yamamoto(ed.
),Phototropism:MethodsandProtocols,MethodsinMolecularBiology,vol.
1924,https://doi.
org/10.
1007/978-1-4939-9015-3,SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC,partofSpringerNature2019235Caulonemalcell.
35,36,40,41Cellbulging.
29Cellwallextension65,88Centrifugalforce218Ceratopteristhalictroides192Charcoalpowder92,96Chemicalbiology145Chlamydomonas.
187Chloronemalcell.
35,36,40,41p-Chlorophenoxyisobutyricacid(PCIB)146,148Chloroplastaccumulation.
54,116,117Chloroplastphotorelocation35,54,175Citrine.
58Cladophora.
90Clinorotation.
208,218–220Clinostat73,216–219Coenocyte.
113,117Cold-avoidanceresponse54Complementation64,199,200,202,203Conchocelis122,123,126Conchosporangium122,123,126–129ConjugatedIAA.
143,166,171Contour224–226,229–231,233Contourplot226,230Curvature.
v,5,9,11,13–1622,25,33,48,50,73,74,99,101,105,113,114,135,138,162,223–234Curvet.
183,226,231,233Curvilinearlength224Cytoplasmicstreaming.
216Cytoskeleton.
v,191–197,215–221DD6proteinkinase(D6PK)5Deectionangle223,226Degreeoffreedom(df)228,230,233Desensitization.
4,5Detergent.
167,169,170,2052,4-Dichlorophenoxyaceticacid(2,4-D)144Dichotomosiphontuberosus.
90Differentialgrowth27,54,66,132,158Diffuse-growingcell85,109Dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)37–39,41149,150,154,160,167,194,196Diurnalgrowthuctuation97Double-strandedRNA(dsRNA)117DR5::GUS157,158,165,166DR5promoter6,158,165DR5rev::GFP.
158,165,166EE3ubiquitinligase144Elongationgrowth.
66,69,73,74,76Endodermalcell216Escherichiacoli178–1811-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-carbodiimide(EDAC)166,167,169,170EuropeanModularCultivationSystem(EMCS)208Exocytosis85,102,109,114Expressionvector178,180FFar-UVphotoreceptor.
64,77Fibercell216Filterblue-light8heat-absorbing.
68,69,75,76interference.
68,69,75,93,98,104neutraldensity.
8,55,56,68–70,93Fixative.
166,170,195Flavinmononucleotide(FMN)27,132176,177,186Fluence-responsecurve.
4,15,102,114Fluorescein194FMNadduct.
176Freshwateralgae.
90,91Friction15Frizzy1(z1)216GGametophore35,45–49Gametophyte.
27,35,53,122123,125–127,192Gemmaling54–56,58,59Germinationseed9,12,160,213spore.
35,58Gibberellin(GA)36β-Glucuronidase(GUS)158,192Glutaraldehyde170Glutathione179Graftingv,199–205GravitropisminArabidopsisthaliana208,216inhypocotyl.
224ininorescencestem.
216inroot15Greenuorescentprotein(GFP)6,152,158Growingzone.
28,65,66,6970,73,74,77Growthbox68,69,73,74,78Growthrate33,65,66,73,7785,87,91,96–99,109,110,112,204GST-resin.
179,182Gumguar209,211–213236PHOTOTROPISM:METHODSANDPROTOCOLSIndexHHeterokaryon199,200,205His-tagafnitycolumn.
179Hook.
6,7,12,1315,151,224Hypocotylconcaveside.
225,230convexside231gravistimulated151rearview12,230sideview.
6,157,162,230–232IImagebinary225,229,231text226–229ImageJ.
8,9,41,48,56135,180,182,224–228,231Immunolocalization.
165–171Indole-3-acetamide(IAM)168Indole-3-aceticacid(IAA)5,66,89143,144,151,153–155,157,165–171Inorescencestem.
170,216–220Inoculatingneedle92,96Inoculationloop.
29,31,192Kent-Kaurenesynthase36ent-Kaurenoicacid(KA)36,39,41Kinaseassay176,178,179,182Ko¨hlerillumination.
98,104LLampdeuterium75uorescent21,24,160,204mercury-arc75tungsten-halogen68,75xenonarc75,137Laser.
55,59,88,8993,99,102,110,114Lenseffect32,66,77,88LifecycleinPyropiayezoensis123,125inVaucheriageminata.
86,96Lifetime.
177,185,187Lightbluev,3,4,7–9,11–16,2027,28,32,35–37,39,40,48,54–56,58,64,65,67–69,71,74,76–78,83–118,121,132,157,159–161,175,187,225,230far-red8,47,48,54,75far-UV.
75,77green9,11,12,14,15,4748,98,99,160,161,204infrared(IR)8,9,12,14,15,133,134non-polarized28,195polarized28,29,31–33,93105,106,115,192,195reference71,115,186Light-emittingdiode(LED)8,22,2430,32,37,38,47,48,55,75,124,133,137,160,179,182,193Lightgradient22,25Light-growthresponse(LGR)87,88,98109,110Lightguide.
91,99,180Light,oxygen,andvoltage(LOV)domain.
v,27,5489,108,116,118,132,176,183,186Lignin170Liquidfertilizer21,24Luciferase(Luc)158MMacro.
93,208,231madA64,200madB.
64madC64Marchantiapolymorphadorsoventrality.
53Marinealgae91Median.
227,231,232Mediumagargrowth9,15BCDATG.
36–41,46,47,49Gamborg'sB555Kataoka's.
91minimal.
67Murashige-Skoog(MS)14,29,3258,133,150,162,192,208,217Okada-Shimura(OS)7,159potatodextroseagar(PDA)67,200White's.
29,32,192Mediumuorescence.
136Mediumreectance.
136Microbeam94,95,98,104,108Microelementsolution.
7Microlament.
28,194,196Microgravitysimulated.
208Microinjection.
89,117,199Micropyle.
211,212Microscopeconfocallaser-scanning55,59,161,162dissecting193,195,196202,205,211PHOTOTROPISM:METHODSANDPROTOCOLSIndex237Microscope(cont.
)uorescence149,158horizontal69,73,74,78inverted.
91,93,99,124,126,129stereoscopic37,38,55,56Microtubule.
28,191,192,195,196Mitoticindex.
112Mitoticwave.
112,113Monochromator.
75,133,137Monosporegermling122,126–128Mycelialgrowth.
72MyosinXI.
216,220NNaphthalene1-aceticacid(NAA)144,159N-1-Naphthylphthalamicacid(NPA)145,147,154NBD-NAA.
148,149,151153,159–162Neochrome.
28,29,192Non-phototropichypocotyl1(NPH1)175Non-phototropichypocotyl3(NPH3)4,54,133Nucleardivisionsynchronous.
113Nullpointmethod.
115OOcularmicrometer.
91,95,103Oculistforceps.
92,96Oculistscissors92,96Off-targeteffect146,149,153,154Optogenetics177Organbending.
215PParafn.
170Paraformaldehyde166,167,169,170,194Partialderivativeofcurvature.
223,226Particlebombardment192Phalloidin.
191,194,196Phosphorylation.
176,183,184,186Photoexcitationreaction.
185Photo-gravitropicequilibrium71,74Photoinhibition.
109,176Photoreaction.
175–178,180183–185,188Photostationarystate177,182,185,186,188Photosyntheticenergysupply109,116,121Phototropicbalancebox.
71,74Phototropicinversion89,101,114Phototropicmutant4,71Phototropicthresholdbox70,71,74,77Phototropin(phot)v,4,27,29,5483,89,118,132,133,175–178,180,183–185,188,192Phototropismcontinuouslight-induced9,12,13rstpositive3–5,13,16inadhesive-tendrilclimber19–21inAdiantumcapillus-veneris.
28,29,191,192inArabidopsisthalianav,121incoleoptile.
3,109inCymbalariamuralis.
19inDryopteris.
28infruitstalk19inHederahelix23inHederarhombea20inHydrangeapetiolaris.
24inhypocotyl.
v,3–6,911–13,159inlianas19–26inmaize.
157inMarchantiapolymorpha53–58inMonsteragigantea.
20inParthenocissustricuspidata20,24inPhycomycesblakesleeanus63–78inPhyscomitrellapatens.
27,45,48inprotonemalcells.
28,29,191inPyropiayezoensis121,122,125inrootv,5,6,1011,15,19,20,84inrootclimber19–21,23,24inSchizophragmahydrangeoides20,21,24inseaweed.
121,122inSinapisalba19insporangiophore63–78,109inTrachelospermumasiaticum20,24inVaucheria.
19inVaucheriafrigida85,90,102,106inwoodyvine19negative.
v,15,19–26,64,7583,84,89,101,102,113–115,121pulse-induced3,4,13,16redlight-induced.
27,109,115secondpositive3,4,9,12,13,16time-dependent4,13,16Phytochrome4,10,12,1415,27,28,54,67Phytochromekinasesubstrate(PKS)4Pin-formed(PIN)5,144Pinoid(PID)5Plasmamembrane27–29,54,56,144Polarauxintransport45,143Polarbendingangle73,78Polarizer.
30,33,93,106,107,193PolarotropisminAdiantumcapillus-veneris.
33,191inDryopterislix-mas28inVaucheria.
v,84,89,97105,107,114,115,118238PHOTOTROPISM:METHODSANDPROTOCOLSIndexPondwater90,96Poweranalysis.
214Protonema.
27,28,30–3245,56,191–197Protoplast86,199,204Provasolisolution.
124Pteris32,192QQuantumefciency.
185Quantumphotometer8RRopen-sourceprogramminglanguage214,223Radioisotopeimaging180Ramet.
84,96,112,117Rastransductionpathway.
64Rateconstant.
183,185,187Reciprocitylaw4Red-lightpretreatment4,5,9Refractiveindex.
88,99Relativeelementalrate.
88,98,99Resinparticle.
85,87,99Rhizoid90,121Rhodamine191,194,196Rhythmicgrowth112RNAinterference(RNAi)89,117Rootv,5,6,10,11,1519–21,24,54,84,143,149,150,152–155,158,159,166,168,208,214,223,233Rootphototropism2(RPT2)4,23,54SScanner8,14,180,182SDS-PAGE179,181–184Seawater.
124Seaweedred121–129Seedcassette209,212,213Segregativewall.
111Ser/Thrproteinkinase54Shootcutting.
23Sidebranching.
35Softagarplate.
92,96,151,153,154Soil21–24,85,90106,133,134,136Spacebiology.
207Spaceightexperiment.
v,207–214Spectrophotometry178Split-eldilluminationmethod93,94104,105,115Sporangiophore.
63–78,99109,199–205Sporangium56,63–65,6971–73,76,199,200,202,204,205Spore.
29,35,5363,122,192,199Sporeling.
53–56,58Sporophyte122,123,125–128Staticelectricity77Steedman'swax170Steeringmechanism87Sterilizationseed7,8,162,209,211–213spore.
29,31,55,56,58,192Straightening215,216,218,219,223Surfaceexpansion.
98TTension216Thallus53–55,86,96,113,122Thermalreversion182,185,186Thermosensing.
187Time-lapseimaging.
48Tipgrowth.
83–118Traceelementsolution(TES)37,46Transitionmoment28,29Transportinhibitorresponse1(TIR1)144–146148,149,151,154,159Trichromaticirradiation.
772,3,5-Triiodobenzoicacid(TIBA)145,147,154Tripletexcitedstate.
67,176,177Tropism.
20,24,2976,131Tropostat69,70,76Tryptophan.
132,144,166TryptophanaminotransferaseofArabidopsis1(TAA1)144,145,147,153Turntable70,77UUltravioletradiation(UV)v,15,49,6475,77,92,131–134,136,137Unialgalculture.
90,92,9396,97,111Unilateralilluminationmethod.
87,93,99101,113UV-A131,132UV-B.
131–138UV-C131,137UVresistancelocus8(UVR8)131–133UV-Visspectroscopy.
180,182PHOTOTROPISM:METHODSANDPROTOCOLSIndex239VVaucheriav,19,83–118Vaucheriafrigida85,86,90,98102,106,110–112,116VENUS.
149,158Vibrationisolationtable233WWebcam133,137,138Whitecollar(WC)complex.
64YYUCCA(YUC)144,145,147,154240PHOTOTROPISM:METHODSANDPROTOCOLSIndex