cellboasting
boasting 时间:2021-05-09 阅读:()
12020VisionforLTEByKeithMallinson,WiseHarborJune20,2012Thenewmobilecommunicationstechnologiesinventedandensuingcapabilitiesprovidedtooperatorsandenduserssinceinceptionofcellulararound30yearsagoareoutstanding.
Whiledevelopmentgoalshaveevolvedsignificantlyoverthedecades,thepaceofinnovationcontinuesunabated.
Attheheartoftheworld-leadingmobiletechnologyecosystem,since1998,isstandardisationbythe3GPPproducingamajorreleaseoftechnicalspecificationseveryyearortwo.
FollowingtheintroductionofanentirelynewairinterfacewithLTEinRelease8,andwithvariousenhancementssubsequently,upcomingRelease12andbeyondwillbeassignificantaseverintheindustry'squesttoextendmobilebroadbandavailability,providemuchmoreconsistentservicequality,andeconomicallysatisfydemandforspirallingdatagrowthinfaceofspectrumscarcityandotherconstraints.
The3GPPTechnicalSpecificationGroupresponsibleforRadioAccessNetworktechnologiesmetforatwo-dayworkshopinSloveniaearlierthismonthtoconsiderwhatshouldbeevaluatedforimplementationinRelease12.
Forty-fivemobiletechnologyvendorsandoperatorstookpart,with250peopleattendingtheevent.
Presentations,commentsandconclusionsareavailableforanyonetoaccessviathe3GPPwebsite.
Onthebasisofconsensusamongthis3GPPmembershipandfurtherstudywork,Release12willmostlikelybe"frozen"in2014,withcommercialimplementationsbeginningacoupleofyearslaterandextensiveworldwideadoptiontoward2020.
TheGenerationGameSuccessivemobilegenerationsaretypicallydepictedintechnologicalterms.
Fortheworld'smobileoperatorsfollowingthestandardspath,firstlaidbyETSIandthen3GPP,1Ganaloguewasfollowedby2GTDMA-basedGSM,then3Gwideband-CDMA-basedUMTSand3G/4GOFDMA-basedLTE.
However,concurrentwitheachgenerationalshifthavebeenprofoundadvancesinthecapabilities,economicsandavailabilityofnetwork,deviceandserviceofferings.
Outdoorcoverageinurbanareasandalonghighwaysforpredominantlycarphoneusebyaprivilegedminoritywasprovidedby1Gnetworks.
Introductionof2Gsincetheearly1990ssubstantiallyincreasedvoicecapacityandreducedcosts.
Cellularsoonbecameeconomicfor2mass-marketconsumeradoptioninanynation.
Theresultis6billionGSMsubscriptionsforvoiceandtextworldwidetoday.
Theadditionof3Gsincetheearly2000sprovidedfurthervoicecapacityandthen,withHSPA,thehigherspeedsandlowerlatenciesrequiredtostimulatesignificantmobilebroadbanduse.
Enhancementstoestablished3GtechnologiesandintroductionofLTEwithReleases8-11havemadeheadline-grabbingnews,withpeakdataspeedsinthetensofmegabitspersecond—1,000timesfasterthanadecadeearlierwithGPRS.
WhatmorecouldanybodypossiblyneedorwantWearestillatjustthebeginningofthemobilebroadbandrevolution.
Theextentofmarketdevelopmentanduseradoptionformobileweb,apps,multimediaandlocationcapabilities,amongothers,iscomparabletotheearlystagesoftheswitchfrom1Gto2G.
Mobilebroadband,whileimpressivewhereavailableandforthosewhouseit,wasonlyapursuitforasmallminorityuntilthelastcoupleofyears.
Coverageremainspatchy,withinsufficientcapacityinmanyplaces;anderraticservicequality,includinghighly-variabledataspeeds—fromcell-to-cellandfromcellcentretocelledge.
Whilemakingmajorimprovementsonallthesefrontstosatisfythecurrentbaseofusersandexistingusageprofiles,thereisalsothepressingneedtosatisfymassivegrowthindatatraffic.
Thisiswidely-recognised,among3GPPmembersandexternalobservers,tohavedoubledeachyearandissettocontinuegrowingrapidly.
Thiswillresultfromnewservices,suchashighlyconnection-persistentcloudservices,heavierusageperuserallaroundandyetmorepeopletradingupfromvoiceandtexttomobilebroadbanddevicesandserviceplans.
Virtuallyallcommentatorsexpecta15to30-foldtrafficincreaseoverfiveyearsandseveralexpectthisgrowthtrendtolastadecadeto2020,representinga250-1,000-foldincrease.
Howcanallthatbeachieved;andatlowenoughcoststocoverandbeaffordedbyhalftheworld'spopulation,plusbillionsmoremachine-to-machineconnectionsAlleviatingtheCapacityCrunchThebiggestchallengefacingmobileoperatorsandtheirtechnologysuppliersisinsatisfyingthisexponentialgrowthindatatraffic.
Theproportionofuserswithsmartphoneandothermobilebroadbanddevicesisincreasing.
Theseusersarealreadythemajorityinseveraldevelopednations.
Peruserdatademandsareescalatingwithalwayson,alwayswithyouaccesstoaburgeoningarrayofapplicationsandservicesincludingthosedeliveredfromnetwork-intensivevideoandcloudservices.
LTEnetworksarealreadyprovidingheadlinespeedsapproaching100Mbps,buttheseareonlypossibleunderidealconditionsonlightlyloadednetworksandwhereuserequipmentisclosetothebasestationradioantenna.
3ManytechnologiesandfeaturesintroducedinpreviousreleasesarebeingenhancedandsupplementedwithnewadditionsinReleases12and13.
Thesedevelopmentswillincreasenetworkcapacity,whilealsoprovidingmoreconsistentservicequality,withtheproductofthreecompoundingfactors.
Illustrativeimprovementfiguresof3x6x56=1,008weresuggestedbySKTelecomunderthreebroadheadings.
Thespecificswereidentifiedanddescribedincontributionsfrommanyworkshopparticipants.
3xincreaseinspectrumemployedExistingbandswillberefarmedformoreefficientuse.
Newlicensedbands,includinghigherfrequenciesforhot-spotdemandzoneswillbeintroduced.
Thiswillallbeusedincombinationwithunlicensedspectrum,ifsuitable,whilepossiblyexploitingcognitiveradiotechniquestoaccessandmanagethelatter.
TDDmodeLTEisunleashingaccesstounpairedspectrum.
Carrieraggregationincludingthecombinationofdifferentbandsandmodeswillincreasetotalcapacity,headlinespeedsandtrunkingefficiency.
6ximprovementinspectralefficiencyAplethoraoftechnologiesarehelpingincreasetheamountofdatatransportedperHzofspectrumused,toreducelatencyandincreasespeeds—withemphasisonaveragespeedsachievableacrosstheentirecellincludingcelledges.
Improvingconsistencyofserviceperformance,ratherthanjustpeakspeed—dependingontimeandplace—isthekey.
Higher-ordermodulationto256QAM,coordinatedmultiplepointtransmissionandinterferencemanagementtechniqueswillimprovecell-edgeperformance.
3DMIMOandmassiveantennabeamformingwitharraysofasmanyas64antennaelements4enableadditionalfrequencyreusewithincellsectors.
Withstrongconsensusin3GPPtomaintainLTE'sOFDMAairinterfaceinthedownlink,some3Gparticipantsfavourintroducingsomethingsimilartoimproveuplinkperformance.
56xhigheraveragecelldensityTheadditionofmanysmallcellsinHetNetconfigurationsincludingmacro,micro,picofemto,relaystationsandevencloudsofantennaewillprovidethebiggestboosttocapacitythroughextremefrequencyreuse.
With70percentoftrafficathomeorintheoffice,buildingspresentbothopportunities(e.
g.
,accesstopowerandbackhaul)anddifficulties(e.
g.
,signalattenuation).
Improvedbackhaul,andsidehaulingviaX2interface(forinter-cellsignalling),willsupporttechniquessuchasbasebandpoolingandinter-cellcoordinationthatcanmostefficientlyandeffectivelyorchestrateresourceswiththelargearraysofradioheadsthatwillbedeployedinhigh-demandlocations.
Thereareinitiativestosimplifymanagementacrosscellswithrationalisedsignallingandcontrolmaintainedatthemacrolayer,andintroductionofphantomcellsinhigh-densitysmallcelllayers.
Source:Artist4GLTEtakesCentreStageLTEhasuniversalappealandwillsoonpredominateworldwide.
Theworkshopparticipantsoverwhelminglyendorsedthisasthedefinitiveairinterfacestandardforongoingdevelopment.
WhereastheUSleadsLTEwith70%ofconnectionstoday,manyothernationsaremovingtodeployLTEquickly.
MorethanhalfofmobilesubscribersinKoreawillbeusingLTEwithintwoyears.
LTEwillprovidetheprimaryoronlybroadbandaccesstobillionsofpeopleindevelopingnationswherefixednetworkalternativesarenotavailable.
5Meanwhile,operatorswishtoprotecttheirinvestmentsinoldertechnologies.
Theymaynot,forexample,beabletorefarmscarcespectrumfromlegacytechnologyuseforseveralyears.
Release12willalsoincludevariousenhancementsthatwillimprovespectralefficiencyandservicequalityinUMTSnetworksusingHSPAtechnologies.
Inadditiontohelpingmaximisecoverageandroaming,legacy3GPPstandardsfacilitatecompetitionamongstandardsbecausevendors'strengthsandstrategiesvaryfromtechnologytotechnology.
WithLTE'spreeminentposition,thistechnologyisalsotheprinciplefocusforavarietyofadditionaldevelopmentobjectivesincluding:ExtendingusageprofilesandfindingnewwaysofdoingthingsLTEhasbecomethetargetplatformformachine-typecommunications(machine-to-machine),publicsafetyuseandproximityservices(device-to-device).
Publicsafetyusersareplaguedwithinteroperabilityproblemsamongdifferentemergencyserviceproviders,radiotechnologiesandfrequencybandsthattheybelievefocusingonLTEcanhelpsolve.
Resiliencetoearthquake,tsunamiandhurricaneareincreasinglyimportantforthesekindsofusers.
D2Disjustlikethegoodoldwalkie-talkie–prettyusefulifthenetworkhasbeenwipedoutinanaturaldisaster—whilealsoemployingandcomplyingwithLTE-basedstandardisedtechnologiesthatcanprovidethehighestperformancemosteconomically.
Energy,economicsandenvironmentNetworkpoweranduserequipmentbatterysavingareimportantdevelopmentobjectivesbeingspearheadedthrough3GPPstandardswork.
AccordingtoTelefonica,electricalpoweraccountsfor30%ofOPEX,ofwhich50%isforpoweramplifiers.
Lowpowermodesandsolarenergysourcesreduceelectricgridconsumption,mitigatedemandforcostlydieselgenerationinremotelocationsandreducecarbonfootprints.
Flatternetworks,withdecentralisedaswellascentralisedarchitectures(e.
g.
,usingbasebandresourcepoolingandvirtualisation)willalsoreducethecostperbpsofnetworkcapacityandperbyteofdatatraffictransported.
Managingcomplexity,interoperability,compromisingandautomatingMobilecommunicationsstandardsareincreasinglyextensive,complexandinvolvethousandsofpeopleintheirdevelopmentandimplementation.
Thiscreatessignificationmanagementandoperationalchallenges,andtrade-offsfor3GPPparticipantstoweigh-up.
Under-specifyingorover-specifying,includingtoomanyoptions—manyofwhichmayneverbeimplemented—causesproblemsin6interoperabilitytesting.
Balancingthebenefitsofbackwardcompatibilitywiththecostsandcomplexitiesincurredwhilecreatingenhancementsrequirescompromise.
Therehasbeenenormoussuccessinachievingend-userandvendorinteroperabilitythroughmobilestandardssincetheintroductionofGSM,butthecostsofachievinghighestlevelsofcompatibilityarenotjustifiedineverysinglecasewheninteroperabilityisalreadypossiblethroughexistingmodesorbands.
Self-organisingnetworktechnologiesforconfiguration,managementandrepairwillhelpmanagecomplexitiesinnetworkoperations,whileautomatingorreplacingcostlyfunctionssuchasdrivetesting.
FootnoteforHeadlineWritersWhereas3GPPconsensusisthatcapacityisfarmoreimportantthanspeed,theupcomingenhancementstoLTEwillalsoincreasedataratesbyafactorof10toinexcessof1Gbpsonthemoveinthewidearea,andwith10Gbpspeakrates.
Thatwillcontinuetokeeptheheadlinewritersandmarketerssatisfied.
Theycanhappilykeepboastingaboutmaximumspeedincreases,withtheseeye-poppingfigures,whiletheindustrydeliverssomemuchmoreimportantimprovements.
KeithMallinsonisaleadingindustryexpert,analystandconsultant.
Solvingbusinessproblemsinwirelessandmobilecommunications,hefoundedconsultingfirmWiseHarborin2007.
WiseHarborpublishesanExtendedMobileBroadbandForecast.
Thisincludesnetworkequipment,devicesandcarrierservicesto2025.
Furtherdetailsareavailableat:http://www.
wiseharbor.
com/forecast.
html.
Whiledevelopmentgoalshaveevolvedsignificantlyoverthedecades,thepaceofinnovationcontinuesunabated.
Attheheartoftheworld-leadingmobiletechnologyecosystem,since1998,isstandardisationbythe3GPPproducingamajorreleaseoftechnicalspecificationseveryyearortwo.
FollowingtheintroductionofanentirelynewairinterfacewithLTEinRelease8,andwithvariousenhancementssubsequently,upcomingRelease12andbeyondwillbeassignificantaseverintheindustry'squesttoextendmobilebroadbandavailability,providemuchmoreconsistentservicequality,andeconomicallysatisfydemandforspirallingdatagrowthinfaceofspectrumscarcityandotherconstraints.
The3GPPTechnicalSpecificationGroupresponsibleforRadioAccessNetworktechnologiesmetforatwo-dayworkshopinSloveniaearlierthismonthtoconsiderwhatshouldbeevaluatedforimplementationinRelease12.
Forty-fivemobiletechnologyvendorsandoperatorstookpart,with250peopleattendingtheevent.
Presentations,commentsandconclusionsareavailableforanyonetoaccessviathe3GPPwebsite.
Onthebasisofconsensusamongthis3GPPmembershipandfurtherstudywork,Release12willmostlikelybe"frozen"in2014,withcommercialimplementationsbeginningacoupleofyearslaterandextensiveworldwideadoptiontoward2020.
TheGenerationGameSuccessivemobilegenerationsaretypicallydepictedintechnologicalterms.
Fortheworld'smobileoperatorsfollowingthestandardspath,firstlaidbyETSIandthen3GPP,1Ganaloguewasfollowedby2GTDMA-basedGSM,then3Gwideband-CDMA-basedUMTSand3G/4GOFDMA-basedLTE.
However,concurrentwitheachgenerationalshifthavebeenprofoundadvancesinthecapabilities,economicsandavailabilityofnetwork,deviceandserviceofferings.
Outdoorcoverageinurbanareasandalonghighwaysforpredominantlycarphoneusebyaprivilegedminoritywasprovidedby1Gnetworks.
Introductionof2Gsincetheearly1990ssubstantiallyincreasedvoicecapacityandreducedcosts.
Cellularsoonbecameeconomicfor2mass-marketconsumeradoptioninanynation.
Theresultis6billionGSMsubscriptionsforvoiceandtextworldwidetoday.
Theadditionof3Gsincetheearly2000sprovidedfurthervoicecapacityandthen,withHSPA,thehigherspeedsandlowerlatenciesrequiredtostimulatesignificantmobilebroadbanduse.
Enhancementstoestablished3GtechnologiesandintroductionofLTEwithReleases8-11havemadeheadline-grabbingnews,withpeakdataspeedsinthetensofmegabitspersecond—1,000timesfasterthanadecadeearlierwithGPRS.
WhatmorecouldanybodypossiblyneedorwantWearestillatjustthebeginningofthemobilebroadbandrevolution.
Theextentofmarketdevelopmentanduseradoptionformobileweb,apps,multimediaandlocationcapabilities,amongothers,iscomparabletotheearlystagesoftheswitchfrom1Gto2G.
Mobilebroadband,whileimpressivewhereavailableandforthosewhouseit,wasonlyapursuitforasmallminorityuntilthelastcoupleofyears.
Coverageremainspatchy,withinsufficientcapacityinmanyplaces;anderraticservicequality,includinghighly-variabledataspeeds—fromcell-to-cellandfromcellcentretocelledge.
Whilemakingmajorimprovementsonallthesefrontstosatisfythecurrentbaseofusersandexistingusageprofiles,thereisalsothepressingneedtosatisfymassivegrowthindatatraffic.
Thisiswidely-recognised,among3GPPmembersandexternalobservers,tohavedoubledeachyearandissettocontinuegrowingrapidly.
Thiswillresultfromnewservices,suchashighlyconnection-persistentcloudservices,heavierusageperuserallaroundandyetmorepeopletradingupfromvoiceandtexttomobilebroadbanddevicesandserviceplans.
Virtuallyallcommentatorsexpecta15to30-foldtrafficincreaseoverfiveyearsandseveralexpectthisgrowthtrendtolastadecadeto2020,representinga250-1,000-foldincrease.
Howcanallthatbeachieved;andatlowenoughcoststocoverandbeaffordedbyhalftheworld'spopulation,plusbillionsmoremachine-to-machineconnectionsAlleviatingtheCapacityCrunchThebiggestchallengefacingmobileoperatorsandtheirtechnologysuppliersisinsatisfyingthisexponentialgrowthindatatraffic.
Theproportionofuserswithsmartphoneandothermobilebroadbanddevicesisincreasing.
Theseusersarealreadythemajorityinseveraldevelopednations.
Peruserdatademandsareescalatingwithalwayson,alwayswithyouaccesstoaburgeoningarrayofapplicationsandservicesincludingthosedeliveredfromnetwork-intensivevideoandcloudservices.
LTEnetworksarealreadyprovidingheadlinespeedsapproaching100Mbps,buttheseareonlypossibleunderidealconditionsonlightlyloadednetworksandwhereuserequipmentisclosetothebasestationradioantenna.
3ManytechnologiesandfeaturesintroducedinpreviousreleasesarebeingenhancedandsupplementedwithnewadditionsinReleases12and13.
Thesedevelopmentswillincreasenetworkcapacity,whilealsoprovidingmoreconsistentservicequality,withtheproductofthreecompoundingfactors.
Illustrativeimprovementfiguresof3x6x56=1,008weresuggestedbySKTelecomunderthreebroadheadings.
Thespecificswereidentifiedanddescribedincontributionsfrommanyworkshopparticipants.
3xincreaseinspectrumemployedExistingbandswillberefarmedformoreefficientuse.
Newlicensedbands,includinghigherfrequenciesforhot-spotdemandzoneswillbeintroduced.
Thiswillallbeusedincombinationwithunlicensedspectrum,ifsuitable,whilepossiblyexploitingcognitiveradiotechniquestoaccessandmanagethelatter.
TDDmodeLTEisunleashingaccesstounpairedspectrum.
Carrieraggregationincludingthecombinationofdifferentbandsandmodeswillincreasetotalcapacity,headlinespeedsandtrunkingefficiency.
6ximprovementinspectralefficiencyAplethoraoftechnologiesarehelpingincreasetheamountofdatatransportedperHzofspectrumused,toreducelatencyandincreasespeeds—withemphasisonaveragespeedsachievableacrosstheentirecellincludingcelledges.
Improvingconsistencyofserviceperformance,ratherthanjustpeakspeed—dependingontimeandplace—isthekey.
Higher-ordermodulationto256QAM,coordinatedmultiplepointtransmissionandinterferencemanagementtechniqueswillimprovecell-edgeperformance.
3DMIMOandmassiveantennabeamformingwitharraysofasmanyas64antennaelements4enableadditionalfrequencyreusewithincellsectors.
Withstrongconsensusin3GPPtomaintainLTE'sOFDMAairinterfaceinthedownlink,some3Gparticipantsfavourintroducingsomethingsimilartoimproveuplinkperformance.
56xhigheraveragecelldensityTheadditionofmanysmallcellsinHetNetconfigurationsincludingmacro,micro,picofemto,relaystationsandevencloudsofantennaewillprovidethebiggestboosttocapacitythroughextremefrequencyreuse.
With70percentoftrafficathomeorintheoffice,buildingspresentbothopportunities(e.
g.
,accesstopowerandbackhaul)anddifficulties(e.
g.
,signalattenuation).
Improvedbackhaul,andsidehaulingviaX2interface(forinter-cellsignalling),willsupporttechniquessuchasbasebandpoolingandinter-cellcoordinationthatcanmostefficientlyandeffectivelyorchestrateresourceswiththelargearraysofradioheadsthatwillbedeployedinhigh-demandlocations.
Thereareinitiativestosimplifymanagementacrosscellswithrationalisedsignallingandcontrolmaintainedatthemacrolayer,andintroductionofphantomcellsinhigh-densitysmallcelllayers.
Source:Artist4GLTEtakesCentreStageLTEhasuniversalappealandwillsoonpredominateworldwide.
Theworkshopparticipantsoverwhelminglyendorsedthisasthedefinitiveairinterfacestandardforongoingdevelopment.
WhereastheUSleadsLTEwith70%ofconnectionstoday,manyothernationsaremovingtodeployLTEquickly.
MorethanhalfofmobilesubscribersinKoreawillbeusingLTEwithintwoyears.
LTEwillprovidetheprimaryoronlybroadbandaccesstobillionsofpeopleindevelopingnationswherefixednetworkalternativesarenotavailable.
5Meanwhile,operatorswishtoprotecttheirinvestmentsinoldertechnologies.
Theymaynot,forexample,beabletorefarmscarcespectrumfromlegacytechnologyuseforseveralyears.
Release12willalsoincludevariousenhancementsthatwillimprovespectralefficiencyandservicequalityinUMTSnetworksusingHSPAtechnologies.
Inadditiontohelpingmaximisecoverageandroaming,legacy3GPPstandardsfacilitatecompetitionamongstandardsbecausevendors'strengthsandstrategiesvaryfromtechnologytotechnology.
WithLTE'spreeminentposition,thistechnologyisalsotheprinciplefocusforavarietyofadditionaldevelopmentobjectivesincluding:ExtendingusageprofilesandfindingnewwaysofdoingthingsLTEhasbecomethetargetplatformformachine-typecommunications(machine-to-machine),publicsafetyuseandproximityservices(device-to-device).
Publicsafetyusersareplaguedwithinteroperabilityproblemsamongdifferentemergencyserviceproviders,radiotechnologiesandfrequencybandsthattheybelievefocusingonLTEcanhelpsolve.
Resiliencetoearthquake,tsunamiandhurricaneareincreasinglyimportantforthesekindsofusers.
D2Disjustlikethegoodoldwalkie-talkie–prettyusefulifthenetworkhasbeenwipedoutinanaturaldisaster—whilealsoemployingandcomplyingwithLTE-basedstandardisedtechnologiesthatcanprovidethehighestperformancemosteconomically.
Energy,economicsandenvironmentNetworkpoweranduserequipmentbatterysavingareimportantdevelopmentobjectivesbeingspearheadedthrough3GPPstandardswork.
AccordingtoTelefonica,electricalpoweraccountsfor30%ofOPEX,ofwhich50%isforpoweramplifiers.
Lowpowermodesandsolarenergysourcesreduceelectricgridconsumption,mitigatedemandforcostlydieselgenerationinremotelocationsandreducecarbonfootprints.
Flatternetworks,withdecentralisedaswellascentralisedarchitectures(e.
g.
,usingbasebandresourcepoolingandvirtualisation)willalsoreducethecostperbpsofnetworkcapacityandperbyteofdatatraffictransported.
Managingcomplexity,interoperability,compromisingandautomatingMobilecommunicationsstandardsareincreasinglyextensive,complexandinvolvethousandsofpeopleintheirdevelopmentandimplementation.
Thiscreatessignificationmanagementandoperationalchallenges,andtrade-offsfor3GPPparticipantstoweigh-up.
Under-specifyingorover-specifying,includingtoomanyoptions—manyofwhichmayneverbeimplemented—causesproblemsin6interoperabilitytesting.
Balancingthebenefitsofbackwardcompatibilitywiththecostsandcomplexitiesincurredwhilecreatingenhancementsrequirescompromise.
Therehasbeenenormoussuccessinachievingend-userandvendorinteroperabilitythroughmobilestandardssincetheintroductionofGSM,butthecostsofachievinghighestlevelsofcompatibilityarenotjustifiedineverysinglecasewheninteroperabilityisalreadypossiblethroughexistingmodesorbands.
Self-organisingnetworktechnologiesforconfiguration,managementandrepairwillhelpmanagecomplexitiesinnetworkoperations,whileautomatingorreplacingcostlyfunctionssuchasdrivetesting.
FootnoteforHeadlineWritersWhereas3GPPconsensusisthatcapacityisfarmoreimportantthanspeed,theupcomingenhancementstoLTEwillalsoincreasedataratesbyafactorof10toinexcessof1Gbpsonthemoveinthewidearea,andwith10Gbpspeakrates.
Thatwillcontinuetokeeptheheadlinewritersandmarketerssatisfied.
Theycanhappilykeepboastingaboutmaximumspeedincreases,withtheseeye-poppingfigures,whiletheindustrydeliverssomemuchmoreimportantimprovements.
KeithMallinsonisaleadingindustryexpert,analystandconsultant.
Solvingbusinessproblemsinwirelessandmobilecommunications,hefoundedconsultingfirmWiseHarborin2007.
WiseHarborpublishesanExtendedMobileBroadbandForecast.
Thisincludesnetworkequipment,devicesandcarrierservicesto2025.
Furtherdetailsareavailableat:http://www.
wiseharbor.
com/forecast.
html.
pacificrack：超级秒杀，VPS低至$7.2/年，美国洛杉矶VPS，1Gbps带宽
pacificrack又追加了3款特价便宜vps搞促销，而且是直接7折优惠（一次性），低至年付7.2美元。这是本月第3波便宜vps了。熟悉pacificrack的知道机房是QN的洛杉矶，接入1Gbps带宽，KVM虚拟，纯SSD RAID10，自带一个IPv4。官方网站：https://pacificrack.com支持PayPal、支付宝等方式付款7折秒杀优惠码：R3UWUYF01T内存CPUSS...
LOCVPS-2021年6月香港便宜vps宽带升级，充值就送代金券，其它八折优惠！
LOCVPS怎么样？LOCVPS是一家成立于2011年的稳定老牌国人商家，目前提供中国香港、韩国、美国、日本、新加坡、德国、荷兰等区域VPS服务器，所有机房Ping延迟低，国内速度优秀，非常适合建站和远程办公，所有机房Ping延迟低，国内速度优秀，非常适合做站。XEN架构产品的特点是小带宽无限流量、不超售！KVM架构是目前比较流行的虚拟化技术，大带宽，生态发展比较全面！所有大家可以根据自己业务需求...
RepriseHosting：$27.97/月-L5640,16G内存,1TB硬盘,10TB月流量,西雅图机房
RepriseHosting是成立于2012年的国外主机商，提供独立服务器租用和VPS主机等产品，数据中心在美国西雅图和拉斯维加斯机房。商家提供的独立服务器以较低的价格为主，目前针对西雅图机房部分独立服务器提供的优惠仍然有效，除了价格折扣外，还免费升级内存和带宽，商家支持使用支付宝或者PayPal、信用卡等付款方式。配置一 $27.97/月CPU：Intel Xeon L5640内存：16GB(原...
boasting为你推荐
-
三星itunes动设备管理解决getIntjava支持ipadnetbios端口netbios ssn是什么意思?photoshop技术什么是ps技术windows键是哪个Windows快捷键是什么windows键是哪个windows 快捷键 大全iphone连不上wifi我的苹果手机连不上无线,其它手机能,怎么回事?只是家里的连不上x-routerx-arcsinx的等价无穷小是什么？