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MASSACHUSETTSINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGYMASSACHUSETTSINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGYSLOANSCHOOLOFMANAGEMENTSLOANSCHOOLOFMANAGEMENT15.
56515.
565IntegratingInformationSystems:IntegratingInformationSystems:Technology,Strategy,andOrganizationalFactorsTechnology,Strategy,andOrganizationalFactors15.
57815.
578GlobalInformationSystems:GlobalInformationSystems:Communications&ConnectivityAmongInformationSystemsCommunications&ConnectivityAmongInformationSystemsSpring2002Spring2002Lecture5Lecture5AGGREGATORS:TRAVELLINGAGGREGATORS:TRAVELLINGTHEINTERNET"FASTLANE"THEINTERNET"FASTLANE"2MITMITeBusinesseBusiness&FinancialServices&FinancialServicesStrategyStrategyAggregatorsAggregatorsUniversalFinancialApplication(UFA)UniversalFinancialApplication(UFA)ApplicationApplicationeCommerce&eCommerce&FinancialServicesFinancialServicesTechnologyTechnologyWebwrapper&ContextmediatorWebwrapper&Contextmediator3OverviewOverviewIIAggregatordefinition,types&examplesAggregatordefinition,types&examplesIIEnablingtechnologiesEnablingtechnologiesIINewemergingaggregatorsNewemergingaggregatorsIIAggregator/Aggregator/AggregateeAggregateestrategiesstrategiesIISummarySummary4AggregatorDefinitionAggregatorDefinitionIITransparentlycollectsinformationTransparentlycollectsinformationzzwithwithorwithoutorwithoutpriorsourcearrangementpriorsourcearrangementzzresolvescontextualdifferencesresolvescontextualdifferencesIIPerformsanalysisPerformsanalysiszznotmerelygathernotmerelygatherIIRepresentsuserRepresentsuserzzactsasagentforuseractsasagentforuser5AggregatorTypes&ExamplesAggregatorTypes&ExamplesIIComparisonAggregatorComparisonAggregatorzzaggregatesbookpriceinformationaggregatesbookpriceinformationIIRelationshipAggregatorRelationshipAggregatorzzaggregatesfrequentflieraggregatesfrequentfliermilagemilageprogramsprogramsIIIntraIntra--organizationalAggregatororganizationalAggregatorzzaggregatesseparatedepartmentalcalendarsaggregatesseparatedepartmentalcalendarsIIInterInter--organizationAggregatororganizationAggregatorzzaggregatesinformationaboutacompanyaggregatesinformationaboutacompanyfrommultiplesources(financials,news,etc)frommultiplesources(financials,news,etc)6www.
books.
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books.
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evenbetter.
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comwww.
mysimon.
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amazon.
comwww.
amazon.
com7MegaMega--AggregatorsAggregatorsINote:multiplebookpriceaggregatorsNote:multiplebookpriceaggregatorsusingdifferingsourcesusingdifferingsourcesgivingdifferingresults!
givingdifferingresults!
IIWhataboutanaggregatorofaggregatorsWhataboutanaggregatorofaggregatorsAAMegaMega--AggregatorAggregator…morelater……morelater…IIAggregatorsnotjustaboutprices.
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Aggregatorsnotjustaboutprices.
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8www.
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IIGathersallyourfrequentflyerinfoGathersallyourfrequentflyerinfoIISendsapersonalizedreportviaemailSendsapersonalizedreportviaemailIIUpdatesreportsonwebsitedailyUpdatesreportsonwebsitedailyIISearchesformissingmileagecreditsSearchesformissingmileagecreditsIIAnalyzesmostcurrentAnalyzesmostcurrentmilagemilageoffersoffers10FromUSAirwayssiteFromUSAirwayssite"Accesstothisinformationissubjecttotherulesin"AccesstothisinformationissubjecttotherulesintheDividendMilesMembershipGuide.
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Inaddition,byusingthissitetoaccessyourDividendMilesaccount,usingthissitetoaccessyourDividendMilesaccount,youagreethatyouwillusethissiteinamanneryouagreethatyouwillusethissiteinamannerconsistentwiththeDividendMilesMembershipGuideconsistentwiththeDividendMilesMembershipGuideandyoufurtheragreeandyoufurtheragreenottoallowaccesstothissitenottoallowaccesstothissitetoanythirdpartytoanythirdpartybyrevealingyouraccesscodetobyrevealingyouraccesscodetoanythirdpartyforanyreason.
Failuretocomplywithanythirdpartyforanyreason.
Failuretocomplywiththeforegoingrestrictionsontheuseofthissiteshalltheforegoingrestrictionsontheuseofthissiteshallbegroundsfortheterminationofyouraccesstothisbegroundsfortheterminationofyouraccesstothissiteand/oryourmembershipintheDividendMilessiteand/oryourmembershipintheDividendMilesprogram.
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"11""PowerofAttorney"onPowerofAttorney"onMaxMilesMaxMilesSiteSite12AggregatorsareyouragentsAggregatorsareyouragentsINote:Note:MaxMilesMaxMilesismerelyaggregatingismerelyaggregatingyouryourinformationinformationforyouforyouIIMoreexamplesofrelationshipMoreexamplesofrelationshipaggregatorslateraggregatorslaterIIManymoretypesofaggregators.
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14IntraIntra--andInterandInter--OrganizationalAggregatorOrganizationalAggregatorIntegratedSpreadsheetIntegratedSpreadsheetSourcesSourcesInternalExternal15AggregateesAggregateesIIBooks.
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IIUniversalFinancialAggregator(UFA)UniversalFinancialAggregator(UFA)zzyourbanks,yourbrokers,youryourbanks,yourbrokers,yourbillersbillers,.
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16HeardHeard--onon--thethe--Street(Hypothetical)Street(Hypothetical)""LastyearwerushedtodevelopawebsiteLastyearwerushedtodevelopawebsiteandreleaseourMortgageRatesontheWeb,andreleaseourMortgageRatesontheWeb,.
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"------ananunemployedunemployedfinancialservicesfinancialservicesaggregateeaggregatee17OverviewOverviewIIAggregatordefinition,types&examplesAggregatordefinition,types&examplesIIEnablingtechnologiesEnablingtechnologiesIINewemergingaggregatorsNewemergingaggregatorsIIAggregator/Aggregator/AggregateeAggregateestrategiesstrategiesIISummarySummary18EmergingTechnologiesEmergingTechnologiesIWebwrappersWebwrapperszzExtractExtractselectedinformationfromwebselectedinformationfromwebzzAllowswebtobetreatedaslargedatabaseAllowswebtobetreatedaslargedatabaseIIContextmediatorsContextmediatorszzResolveResolvesemantic(meaning)semantic(meaning)differencesdifferenceszzEnablemeaningfulaggregationEnablemeaningfulaggregation&comparison&comparison19OverviewOverviewAggregatordefinition,types&examplesAggregatordefinition,types&examplesEnablingtechnologiesEnablingtechnologiesNewemergingaggregatorsNewemergingaggregatorsAggregator/Aggregator/AggregateeAggregateestrategiesstrategiesSummarySummary20UserUserUFAUFACitigroupCitigroupCreditCardsCreditCardsFidelityFidelityBrokerageBrokerageFleetFleetBankingBankingBancOneBancOneCreditCardsCreditCardsConceptofaUniversalFinancialAggregator(UFA)ConceptofaUniversalFinancialAggregator(UFA)21COntextINterchangeProjectCOntextINterchangeProject(context2.
mit.
edu/coin)22CurrentUFAOfferings(examples)CurrentUFAOfferings(examples)AccountAggregationTechnologySuppliersAccountAggregationTechnologySuppliersYodleeYodleeVerticalOneVerticalOneeBalanceeBalanceAccountAggregationOfferingsAccountAggregationOfferingsChase,Fleet,Citibank(Chase,Fleet,Citibank(myCiti.
commyCiti.
com),.
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23""Aggregation.
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The'killerapp'intheAggregation.
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The'killerapp'intheee--financerevolution"financerevolution"http://www.
tfconferences.
com/conferences/AAG01/index.
html24FIFI#2#2FIFI#3#3FIFI#1#1UserUserUFAUFAFirstCallFirstCallExcelExcelIAdvisorsAdvisorsIIWizardsWizardsIIAgentsAgentsAccountAccountAnalystAnalystAssetAssetAllocationAllocationFinancialFinancialSourcesSourcesOtherInternetSourcesOtherInternetSourcesIntranetSourcesIntranetSourcesandapplicationsandapplications""AfterAggregation"ServicesAfterAggregation"ServicesUserUserInformationInformation25Advisors:StockholdingsreAdvisors:Stockholdingsre--aggregateaggregate26MMAisalsoanMMAisalsoanaggregator,aggregator,ofMMratesourcesofMMratesourcesWizards:MoneyMarket(MMA)exampleWizards:MoneyMarket(MMA)example27MultiMulti--MegaMega--Aggregators!
Aggregators!
ITheUniversalFinancialAggregator(UFA):TheUniversalFinancialAggregator(UFA):IIAggregatesAggregatesyourfinancialinformationyourfinancialinformationzzseveralways:totalsandstockholdingsseveralways:totalsandstockholdingsIIAlsousestheMoneyMarketAlsousestheMoneyMarketAggregatorAggregatorzzwhichdrawsonmultipleMMsourceswhichdrawsonmultipleMMsourceszzincludingsourcesthatare,infact,includingsourcesthatare,infact,aggregatorsaggregatorsofsomeMMsourcesofsomeMMsources28UFAGoalsUFAGoalsIIConsumersandFinancialInstitutions:ConsumersandFinancialInstitutions:CandowhattheydobetterCandowhattheydobetterCandothingstheycouldnotdobeforeCandothingstheycouldnotdobeforeRedefinetheuse,role,andRedefinetheuse,role,andrelationshipoffinancialservicerelationshipoffinancialserviceIIBusinessBusiness--toto--BusinessexamplesalsoBusinessexamplesalso29OverviewOverviewIIAggregatordefinition,types&examplesAggregatordefinition,types&examplesIIEnablingtechnologiesEnablingtechnologiesIINewemergingaggregatorsNewemergingaggregatorsIIAggregator/Aggregator/AggregateeAggregateestrategiesstrategiesIISummarySummary30KeyConclusionKeyConclusion--EveryoneImpactedEveryoneImpactedIIAggregator/Aggregatees:Aggregator/Aggregatees:zzAggregatorsAggregatorscreatenewmarketplacescreatenewmarketplaceszzAggregateesAggregateesneedtobeintheseneedtobeinthesemarketplacesmarketplaces(externalimpact)(externalimpact)zzAggregateesAggregateesneeddatafromtheseneeddatafromthesemarketplacesmarketplaces(internalimpact)(internalimpact)IIAggregationneedstobepartofeveryAggregationneedstobepartofeveryeBusinesseBusinessandcorebusinessstrategy.
andcorebusinessstrategy.
31HowDoIPlayHowDoIPlayIIDecideDecideififandandwherewhereyouwanttobeanyouwanttobeanaggregator.
aggregator.
IIDeterminewaysDeterminewaysyoumightbeaggregated.
youmightbeaggregated.
IIDefineyourstrategicadvantagesinbothDefineyourstrategicadvantagesinbothsituationsandusethem.
situationsandusethem.
IIDecideyour"relationshipstate"withDecideyour"relationshipstate"withaggregateesaggregateesandaggregators.
andaggregators.
32AggregateALLAggteewithagreementAggregatesomeAggteewithagreementReceiveinvestmentReceiveinvestmentReceiveinvestmentfromONEAggtedAggregatewithOUTagreementAggregatorPerspectiveAggregatorPerspectiveDepAggregator/ConsortiumEliminatedEliminatedAggregatedEliminatedAggregateALLAggteeswithagreementPartialCollaborativeAggregatorInd.
Aggregator/LimitedAllianceAggregateFEWwithaggrementREFUTEaggreementwithothersAggregateFEWwithagreementREFUTEaggreementwithothersSpin-OffSpin-OffFullCollaborativeAggregatorIndependentAgentObs:ThemostrelevanttransitionsarerepresentedAnAggregatorcanstayonanystatewithoutevolvingtoanotheraggregationstateInd.
AggregatorDep.
Aggregator/DominantAggregator&AggregateeRelationshipStatesAggregator&AggregateeRelationshipStates33www.
intershipper.
netwww.
intershipper.
netwww.
iship.
comwww.
iship.
com34Aggregator"states"exampleAggregator"states"exampleIndependentAgent(BITS,Inc.
]IndependentAggregatorIntershipperIntershipperiShipiShipDependentAggregator/Dominant(UPS]DependentAggregator/ConsortiumPartialCollaborativeAggregator35RevenueModels:BusinessRevenueModels:Business--orientedoriented(beyondadvertising)(beyondadvertising)IIApplicationServiceProviderApplicationServiceProviderIILead/SalesGeneratorLead/SalesGeneratorIdentifybuyopportunitiesforuserIdentifybuyopportunitiesforuserAssemblepackagesAssemblepackagesIncreasetrust&reduceuncertaintyIncreasetrust&reduceuncertaintyIIAfterAfter--aggregationknowledgeprovideraggregationknowledgeproviderToToaggregateeaggregateeand/or3rdpartyand/or3rdparty36RevenueModels:ConsumerRevenueModels:Consumer--orientedorientedIIInformationmanagementservicesInformationmanagementservicesRelationshipmanagementRelationshipmanagementSpeciallyaggregatedinformationSpeciallyaggregatedinformationIIConsumeragentConsumeragentComparisonshopComparisonshopCreatecompoundproduct/packageCreatecompoundproduct/packageIIAfterAfter--aggregationservicesaggregationservicesProvideinsightsand/ortakeactionsProvideinsightsand/ortakeactions37Theremaybevalueinaggregationbut…Theremaybevalueinaggregationbut…TheREALVALUEisTheREALVALUEisafteraggregationafteraggregationservicesservicesIIBooks.
comBooks.
com--HowtopricemybooksHowtopricemybooksIIMaxMiles.
comMaxMiles.
com--WhoflieswhereandwhenWhoflieswhereandwhenIIIntershipper.
netIntershipper.
net--Whoships,fromwhere,toWhoships,fromwhere,towhere,howmuchwhere,howmuchIIMoneyMarket/CDratesMoneyMarket/CDrates--WillmyofferingbeWillmyofferingbeeffectiveAretheholesinthemarketeffectiveAretheholesinthemarketIIUFAUFA--CanImanagemyfinancesbetterCanImanagemyfinancesbetter38OverviewOverviewIIAggregatordefinition,types&examplesAggregatordefinition,types&examplesIIEnablingtechnologiesEnablingtechnologiesIINewemergingaggregatorsNewemergingaggregatorsIIAggregator/Aggregator/AggregateeAggregateestrategiesstrategiesIISummarySummary39KeyInsightsandImplicationsKeyInsightsandImplicationsInsightsInsightsEveryoneimpactedEveryoneimpactedAggsAggsnotlimitedtopricenotlimitedtopricecomparisoncomparisonAggsAggscanbecombinedandcanbecombinedandaggregatedaggregatedAggsAggscreatenewinfospacescreatenewinfospacesAfterAfter--aggaggevenmoreimportantevenmoreimportantAggsAggschangesrelationshipschangesrelationshipsBusinessmodelsandmarketBusinessmodelsandmarketconditionscontinuetochangeconditionscontinuetochangeImplicationsImplicationsBepartofstrategyplanningBepartofstrategyplanningIdentifynewIdentifynewAggAggapplicationsapplicationsandbusinessopportunitiesandbusinessopportunitiesEntirelynewtypesofEntirelynewtypesofapplicationscanbedefinedapplicationscanbedefinedWhowillownthisspaceWhowillownthisspaceThismustbeexploitedThismustbeexploitedWhatrelationshipdoyouwantWhatrelationshipdoyouwantMustbepreparedforchangesMustbepreparedforchanges40CurrentProjects(partiallist)CurrentProjects(partiallist)AggregationstrategiesAggregationstrategies(e.
g.
,Accountaggregators)(e.
g.
,Accountaggregators)Regional&GlobalAggregation:Regional&GlobalAggregation:Cultural&legalCultural&legalMultiMulti--enterpriseenterpriseeBusinesseBusiness::Trust&relationshipsTrust&relationshipsFinancialservices/InternetsupportforFinancialservices/InternetsupportforSME'sSME'sFutureFinancialServicesFutureFinancialServices(e.
g.
,Wirelessaggregator)(e.
g.
,Wirelessaggregator)ContextMediation&Webdataextraction*ContextMediation&Webdataextraction*DataQuality&WhatXMLwillandwillDataQuality&WhatXMLwillandwillnotnotdodoInternaldatastandardseffortsInternaldatastandardsefforts(e.
g.
,EDSI)(e.
g.
,EDSI)OthernewtechnologiesOthernewtechnologies(e.
g.
,Mobileaggregation)(e.
g.
,Mobileaggregation)*Patentsawardedin1999*Patentsawardedin199941ForFurtherInformationandContactsForFurtherInformationandContactsIIMITResearch:MITResearch:––http://context2.
mit.
eduhttp://context2.
mit.
eduandandhttp://context2.
mit.
edu/aggregationhttp://context2.
mit.
edu/aggregation––http://http://web.
mit.
edu/tdqmweb.
mit.
edu/tdqmIIMITTechnologyLicensedSoftware:MITTechnologyLicensedSoftware:––http://http://www.
arsdigita.
comwww.
arsdigita.
com/products/products–42SummarySummaryIIUnderstandAggregationOpportunitiesUnderstandAggregationOpportunitiesIIAggregatorToolsAggregatorToolsIIStrategiesforAggregatorsStrategiesforAggregatorsIIStrategiesforStrategiesforAggregateesAggregateesIIAfterAggregationOpportunitiesAfterAggregationOpportunities43AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsIIResearchfunded,inpart,byResearchfunded,inpart,byzzBancoBancoSantanderSantander(BSCH)(BSCH)zzCitibankCitibankzzDoDDoDAdvancedProjectsAgency(DARPA)AdvancedProjectsAgency(DARPA)zzFleetBankFleetBankzzMerrillLynchMerrillLynchzzMITRECorporationMITRECorporationzzPricewaterhouseCoopersPricewaterhouseCooperszzSurugaBankSurugaBank
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华纳云(HNCloud Limited)是一家专业的全球数据中心基础服务提供商,总部在香港,隶属于香港联合通讯国际有限公司,拥有香港政府颁发的商业登记证明,保证用户的安全性和合规性。 华纳云是APNIC 和 ARIN 会员单位。主要提供香港和美国机房的VPS云服务器和独立服务器。商家支持支付宝、网银、Paypal付款。华纳云主要面向国内用户群,所以线路质量还是不错的,客户使用体验总体反响还是比较好...
hosthatch在做美国独立日促销,可能你会说这操作是不是晚了一个月?对,为了准备资源等,他们拖延到现在才有空,这次是针对自己全球14个数据中心的VPS。提前示警:各个数据中心的网络没有一个是针对中国直连的,都会绕道而且ping值比较高,想买的考虑清楚再说!官方网站:https://hosthatch.com所有VPS都基于KVM虚拟,支持PayPal在内的多种付款方式!芝加哥(大硬盘)VPS5...
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