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2017TrafficSafetyCultureIndexMarch201860714thStreet,NW,Suite201|Washington,DC20005|202-638-59441Title2017TrafficSafetyCultureIndexAuthorsAAAFoundationforTrafficSafety2018,AAAFoundationforTrafficSafety2ForewordTheAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyhasconsistentlydemonstrateditscommitmenttoimprovetrafficsafetythroughworksuchastheresearchpresentedinthisreport,the10thannualTrafficSafetyCultureIndex.
Findingspresentedinthisreportarebasedonanationallyrepresentativesurveyofmorethan2,600U.
S.
motoristsconductedin2017.
Thisreportisausefulreferenceforresearchers,practitionersandadvocatesoftrafficsafetywhomayutilizeresultspresentedtoinfluencechangesandpromoteawarenessoftrafficsafety.
C.
Y.
DavidYang,Ph.
D.
ExecutiveDirectorAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyAbouttheSponsorAAAFoundationforTrafficSafety60714thStreet,NW,Suite201Washington,D.
C.
20005202-638-5944www.
aaafoundation.
orgFoundedin1947,theAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashington,D.
C.
isanot-for-profit,publiclysupportedcharitableresearchandeducationorganizationdedicatedtosavinglivesbypreventingtrafficcrashesandreducinginjurieswhencrashesoccur.
FundingforthisreportwasprovidedbyvoluntarycontributionsfromAAA/CAAandtheiraffiliatedmotorclubs,individualmembers,AAA-affiliatedinsurancecompaniesandotherorganizationsorsources.
ThispublicationisdistributedbytheAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyatnocharge,asapublicservice.
ItmaynotberesoldorusedforcommercialpurposeswithouttheexplicitpermissionoftheFoundation.
Itmay,however,becopiedinwholeorinpartanddistributedforfreeviaanymedium,providedtheFoundationisgivenappropriatecreditasthesourceofthematerial.
TheAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyassumesnoliabilityfortheuseormisuseofanyinformation,opinions,findings,conclusionsorrecommendationscontainedinthisreport.
Iftradeormanufacturers'namesarementioned,itisonlybecausetheyareconsideredessentialtotheobjectofthisreportandtheirmentionshouldnotbeconstruedasanendorsement.
TheAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetydoesnotendorseproductsormanufacturers.
3TableofContentsForeword.
2Introduction4SummaryofMajorFindings.
5DataCollectionMethodologyandLimitations.
7Sampling7Weighting7Limitations7OverallResults.
9PersonalImpactofMotorVehicleCrashes9PerceivedMagnitudeoftheProblemComparedWithThreeYearsAgo.
9VisibilityofTrafficBehaviors10SupportforSafetyCountermeausres.
10AcceptabilityofTrafficBehaviors11ThreatstoPersonalSafety.
12TrafficRelatedBehaviorsinthePast30Days13DistractedDriving.
14CellphoneUse.
14TextMessagingandEmailing.
16RiskyandAggressiveDrivingBehaviors.
16Speeding16Red-LightRunning.
19DrowsyandImpairedDriving.
19DrowsyDriving.
19Alcohol-ImpairedDriving.
21Drug-ImpairedDriving.
23SummaryofOverall2017TSCIResults.
25References264IntroductionBetween2006and2015,anestimated57,732,000crashesoccurredonU.
S.
highways,resultingin355,562fatalitiesandanestimated23,541,000injuries(NationalCenterforStatisticsandAnalysis,2017a).
Certaindriverbehaviorsincreasetheriskofcrashesandfatalities,posingadangernotonlytodrivers,buttopassengers,othermotorists,pedestriansandotherroadusers.
In2016,therewere10,497alcohol-impaireddrivingfatalities,anincreaseof1.
7%from10,320in2016.
Additionally,thenumberoffatalitiesinspeedingrelatedcrashesin2016increasedby4%,from9,723in2015to10,111.
Althoughitisstillasignificantnumber,distraction-affectedcrashesdecreasedfrom3,526in2015to3,450in2016(NationalCenterforStatisticsandAnalysis,2017b).
ArecentstudyconductedbytheAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyfoundthattextingandvisual-manualtasksincreasetheoddsofcrashinvolvementby83%(Owens,2018a).
Drivingwhiledrowsyincreasestheriskofmotorvehiclecrashinvolvement.
InanotherstudyconductedbytheFoundation,resultsshowdriverswhousuallysleepfourtofivehoursdailyhad5.
4timesthecrashrateofdriverswhoreportedsleepingusuallysevenhoursormore(Tefft,2016).
Inaddition,aseparatestudyconductedbytheFoundationfoundthataround10%ofdriversinthestudywhowereinvolvedinacrashwereshowntobedrivingwhiledrowsy.
(Owens,2018b).
TheAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyhasbeencommittedtodeepeningourunderstandingofournation'strafficsafetyculture(AAAFoundationforTrafficSafety,2013-2017).
ThefirstTrafficSafetyCultureIndex,anationallyrepresentativesurveyofU.
S.
motorists,waslaunchedin2008(AAAFoundationforTrafficSafety,2008).
Thiseffort,whichiscarriedoutannually,continuestoidentifykeyindicatorsregardingthedegreetowhichtrafficsafetyisvaluedandpursuedbydriversintheU.
S.
Asinpreviousyears,the2017TrafficSafetyCultureIndex(TSCI)revealsthatpeopleintheUnitedStatesvaluesafetravelandalsodesireagreaterlevelofsecuritythantheycurrentlyareexperiencing.
Unsafedrivingbehavior–suchasred-lightrunning,textingwhiledrivingandimpaireddriving–areperceivedasposingseriousthreatstopersonalsafety.
However,despitethesestronglyheldconcerns,manyindividualsadmitengaginginunsafedrivingpractices.
Mostdrivers(89.
3%)reportedengaginginatleastoneoftheriskybehaviorsexaminedinthesurveyatleastonceinthepast30days.
Assuch,driversinthesampleoftendemonstratea"doasIsay,notasIdo"attitude.
Forexample,although92%ofrespondentsreportedthatdrivingthroughalightthatjustturnedredwhentheycouldhavestoppedisunacceptablebehavior,43%admittedtodoingsointhepastmonth.
Theseexampleshighlightdiscordancebetweenmotorists'trafficsafetyculturebeliefsandconcernsandactualdrivingbehaviors.
Summarizedinthisreportarethemajornational-levelresultsoftheFoundation's10thannualTrafficSafetyCultureIndex.
5SummaryofMajorFindingsGeneralMorethan1in5(21.
4%)driversreporthavingbeeninvolvedinamotorvehiclecrashinwhichsomeonehadtogotothehospital,including11.
1%whohavebeenseriouslyinjuredinacrashthemselves.
Nearly1in3(31.
6%)driversreporthavinghadarelativewhowasseriouslyinjuredorkilledinamotorvehiclecrash.
Mostdrivers(87.
5%)perceivethatdistracteddriversareabiggerproblemtodaythaninpastyears.
Moreover,distracteddrivingoutpacedallotherissuesasagrowingconcern.
Itwasfollowedbytrafficcongestionat74.
5%,aggressivedriversat68.
1%,driversusingdrugsat54.
9%anddrunkdrivingat43.
4%.
DistractedDrivingCellphoneusewhiledrivingiscommon.
Inthepastmonth,60.
5%ofdriverstalkedonahands-freecellphonewhile49.
1%talkedonahand-heldcellphone.
Driversaremoreacceptingofhands-freecellphoneuse(69.
0%)thanhand-heldcellphoneuse(24.
6%)whiledriving.
Moreviewdriverstextingoremailingwhiledrivingasaseriousthreat(96.
8%)thandriverstalkingoncellphones(87.
7%).
However,inthepast30days,44.
9%ofdriversreadatextmessageoremailwhiledrivingand34.
6%ofdriverstypedorsentatextmessageoremailwhiledriving.
Amajorityofrespondents(87.
6%)supportlegislationagainstreading,typingorsendingatextmessageoremailand73.
4%ofdriverssupporthavingalawagainstusingahand-heldcellphonewhiledriving.
However,only40.
9%supportanoutrightbanonusinganytypeofcellphone(includinghands-free)whiledriving.
RiskyandAggressiveDrivingBehaviorsSpeedingonfreewaysandonresidentialstreetsisprevalent.
Halfofdrivers(50.
3%)reporteddriving15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreewayand47.
6%reporteddriving10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreet.
Thereisgreatersocialdisapprovalforspeedingonaresidentialstreetthanonfreeways.
Only23.
9%ofdriversbelievethatdriving15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreewayiscompletelyorsomewhatacceptablewhileonly14.
0%ofmotoristsdeemdriving10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreetasacceptable.
Alargeportionofdrivers(42.
7%)admittedtodrivingthroughastoplightthathasjustturnedredwhentheycouldhavestoppedsafelyinthepast30days,despitemostdrivers(92.
9%)viewingitasanunacceptablebehavior.
Inconjunctionwiththis,anoverwhelmingmajority(91.
4%)ofdriversperceiverunningredlightsasaseriousorsomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety.
DrowsyDriving42.
4%ofdrivershaveatleastoneormoredayswhentheygetlessthansixhoursofsleepinatypicalweek.
6Themajorityofmotoristsviewdrowsydrivingasaseriousorsomewhatseriousthreattotheirsafety(87.
9%)andanunacceptablebehavior(95.
2%);yetaround3in10(30.
8%)admittodrivingwhentheyweresotiredthattheyhadahardtimekeepingtheireyesopenatsomepointinthepastmonth.
ImpairedDrivingAnoverwhelmingmajorityofdriversconsiderdrivingafterdrinkingalcoholaseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety(94.
3%).
However,13.
5%reporteddrivingatleastonceinthepastyearwhentheythoughttheiralcohollevelsmighthavebeenclosetoorpossiblyoverthelegallimit.
Amajorityofdrivers(90.
8%)perceivepeopledrivingafterusingillegaldrugstobeeitheraveryseriousthreatorasomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety.
Mostrespondentssupportedrequiringalcohol-ignitioninterlocksfordriversconvictedofDWI,evenforfirsttimeoffenders(79.
9%);requiringbuilt-ininterlocksforallnewvehicles(73.
0%)andhavingaperselawformarijuana(82.
9%).
7DataCollectionMethodologyandLimitationsSamplingAswithpreviousyears,asampleofrespondentsages16andolderwasrecruitedfromKnowledgePanel,anonlineresearchpanelrecruitedandmaintainedbyGfK.
Thepanelconsistsofmembersofarepresentativesampleofhouseholdsthatwererecruitedusingstandardprobability-basedrandomdigitdial(RDD)andaddress-basedsamplingmethods(GfK,2013).
ThesamplingframeincludesallU.
S.
householdsreachablebytelephoneorbyregularmail,irrespectiveoftelephoneorinternetaccessoruse.
Ifasampledhouseholdlacksinternetaccessoraninternet-capablecomputer,GfKprovidesinternetaccessandanetbookcomputeratnocosttothehousehold.
IndividualsnotsampledbyGfKcannotvolunteertojointhepanel.
Becauseeachindividualrespondent'sprobabilityofselectionintothepanelandprobabilityofselectionforaparticularsurveyareknown,statisticscanbeweightedtoreflecttheentirepopulationfromwhichthesamplewasdrawn.
Sampledpanelistsreceivedaninvitationtocompletethesurvey,whichwasmadeavailableinEnglishandSpanish.
ThesurveywasadministeredbetweenOctober14andNovember17,2017.
Respondentsages19andolderweresampleddirectlyfromthemembershipofthepanelacrossthenineU.
S.
CensusBureaudivisions,withatargetofaminimumof200completedinterviewsperdivision.
Thequestionnairewassentto3,927panelistsages19andolderofwhich2,402completedthequestionnaire.
Respondentsages16-18wererecruitedindirectlyfromasampleofpanelmemberswhoseexistinghouseholdinformationindicatedthattherewereparentsofatleastoneteeninthisagerange.
Sampledparentswereaskedtoconfirmthattheyhadaneligibleteen,provideconsentfortheteentobeincludedinthesurveyandforwardthesurveytotheteen.
Ifaparenthadmorethanoneeligibleteen,onewasselectedrandomlybyacomputeralgorithm.
Invitationsweresentto3,396parentsofteensages16-18and972respondentscompletedthequestionnaire.
WeightingThedatawereweightedaccordingtoanumberoffactors:(1)probabilityofselectionforrecruitmentintoKnowledgePanel,(2)probabilityofselectionforthissurveyand(3)nonresponseatbothstages.
Weightingalsoalignedthecharacteristicsoftherespondentstothoseofthepopulationofresidentsages16orolderfromwhichthesamplewasdrawnwithrespecttogender,age,race/Hispanicethnicity,education,censusregion,metropolitan/non-metrostatus,numberofpeopleages16andolderinthehouseholdandhouseholdincomeusingdatafromtheU.
S.
CensusBureau'sCurrentPopulationSurvey(U.
S.
CensusBureau,2016).
Allanalyseswerebasedonweighteddata.
LimitationsThepurposeoftheTrafficSafetyCultureIndex(TSCI)istoestimatetheprevalenceofspecificattitudesandbehaviorsamongalldriversintheUnitedStates.
However,theresultsofthissurveymayhavesome8deviationcomparedwiththedrivingpopulationduetosamplingerrorandvariouspossiblesourcesofbias.
Samplingerrorreflectstheextenttowhichestimatesderivedfromasample(e.
g.
,thissampleof2,613drivers)mightbeexpectedtodifferfromtheresultsthatwouldbeobtainedifthesamedatawerecollectedfromeverymemberofthepopulation(i.
e.
,alldriversintheUnitedStates).
Thecurrentresultsarereportedatthe95%confidencelevel;thus,rangeestimatesareprovidedthatareexpectedtoincludetheactualpopulationvalue95timesoutof100whenestimatedfromasampleofthesamesizeandwiththesamedesign.
Theresultingmarginoferrorvariesdependingonthenumberofrespondentswhoansweredaparticularquestionaswellasthedistributionoftheresponses.
Table1showstheapproximatemarginoferrorforillustrativeexamplesofstatisticsderivedfromtheentiresample;themarginoferrorwouldbelargerforitemswithfewerrespondents.
Table1.
Approximatemarginoferror(inpercentagepoints)forselectedpercentages,atthe95%confidencelevelPercentagesnearApprox.
marginoferror90or10±1.
480or20±1.
970or30±2.
160or40±2.
350±2.
3Duetothedesignofthepanelandthestratificationbycensusdivisionandoversamplingofrespondentsages16-18,themarginoferrorislargerinthissurveythanforasimplerandomsampleofthesamesize.
However,becausetheprobabilityoftheselectionisknown,thestatisticsareweightedtoreflecttheentirepopulationfromwhichthesamplewasdrawn.
Themarginoferrorreflectsonlythestatisticalvariabilityassociatedwithusingthesurveysampletodrawinferencesabouttheentirepopulation.
Itdoesnotreflecterrorsattributabletobias.
Potentialsourcesofbiasinsurveysincludesystematicnon-coverageofcertainsegmentsofthepopulation(e.
g.
,peoplewhocannotreadinEnglishnorinSpanish),nonresponse(i.
e.
,eligiblerespondentswhoeithercannotbecontactedorrefusetoparticipate),differencesinrespondents'understandingofsurveyquestionsorresponseoptionsordeliberatemisreportingofinformation(e.
g.
,underreportingofbehaviorsthatmaybeperceivedasundesirable).
Thisreportsummarizesthemainnational-levelresultsoftheTSCIsurvey.
Thedescriptivestatisticsprovidedinthisreportwerecalculatedforrespondentswhoreportedhavingavaliddriver'slicenseandhavingdriveninthepast30days.
Thisreportwillrefertotheserespondentsasdrivers.
Inaddition,rowpercentagesmaynotequal100%becausenonresponsesandrefusalswereomittedonthetables.
Thisreportfocusesoncertainthemessuchasdistracteddriving,whichincludescellphoneusewhiledrivingandtextingwhiledriving;riskyandaggressivebehaviorsuchasspeedingandrunningredlights;drowsydrivingandimpaireddrivingbehaviorincludingalcohol-impaireddrivinganddrug-impaireddriving.
9OverallResultsTheresultsofthe2017TSCIstudyarepresentedinseveralsections.
Thefirstsectioncoverstheoverallresultsrelatedtotheperceivedmagnitudeandvisibilityoftheproblem,supportofsafetylawsandacceptabilityofcertaintrafficbehaviors,threatstopersonalsafetyandtraffic-relatedbehaviors.
Thesearedescribedinthecontextofthreefocusareas:1)distracteddriving,includingcellphoneuseandtextingoremailing,2)riskyandaggressivedriving,whichincludesspeedingandrunningredlightsand3)drivingwhiledrowsyorimpairedbyalcoholorotherdrugs.
Theremainingsectionsmorecloselyexaminethethreefocusareasconsideringrelevantdemographicfactorssuchasageandsex.
Thediscussionsectionpresentsacomparisonofdrivers'beliefswiththeirbehaviors.
PersonalImpactofMotorVehicleCrashesAlargeportionofdrivershavebeenaffectedinsomewaybyaseriousmotorvehiclecrashatsomepointintheirlives.
Morethan1in5drivers(21.
4%)reporthavingbeeninvolvedinamotorvehiclecrashinwhichsomeonehadtogotothehospital,including11.
1%whohavebeenseriouslyinjuredinacrashthemselves.
Nearly1in3drivers(31.
6%)reporthavinghadarelativewhowasseriouslyinjuredorkilledinamotorvehiclecrash.
PerceivedMagnitudeoftheProblemComparedWithThreeYearsAgoParticipantswereaskedtoreporthowmuchofaproblemcertaintrafficrelatedissuesaretoday,comparedwiththreeyearsago.
Trafficissuesincludedtrafficcongestion,distracteddriving,riskyandaggressivedrivingandalcoholanddruguseanddriving.
Participantswereaskedwhethereachissuewasamuchbiggerissuetodaythanthreeyearsago,asomewhatbiggerproblem,aboutthesame,asomewhatsmallerissueoramuchsmallerissue.
Whenaskedhowmuchofaproblemeachtrafficrelatedissueistodaycomparedwiththreeyearsago,mostdrivers(87.
5%)perceivethatdistracteddrivingisasomewhatormuchbiggerproblemtoday,with11.
1%perceivingitasthesameasitwasthreeyearsago,asshowninTable2.
Moreover,distracteddrivingoutpacedallotherissuesasagrowingconcern.
Itwasfollowedbytrafficcongestionat74.
5%,aggressivedriversat68.
1%,driversusingdrugsat54.
9%anddrunkdriving.
Table2.
Pleasetellushowmuchofaproblemeachoftheissuesbelowistodaycomparedwiththreeyearsago.
(N=2,613)Muchbiggerproblemtoday(%)Somewhatbiggerproblemtoday(%)Aboutthesame(%)Somewhatsmallerproblemtoday(%)Muchsmallerproblemtoday(%)Distracteddrivers63.
923.
611.
10.
50.
7Aggressivedrivers39.
228.
929.
61.
20.
9Drunkdriving22.
221.
248.
36.
81.
3Driversusingdrugs29.
525.
442.
12.
00.
8Trafficcongestion41.
133.
423.
40.
91.
0Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
population10Lessthanhalfofparticipants(43.
4%)perceiveddrunkdrivingtobeamuchbiggerproblemorasomewhatbiggerproblemthanthreeyearsago.
Morethananyotherissue,drunkdrivingwasconsideredtobemostsimilarinproblemmagnitudeasthreeyearsago.
VisibilityofTrafficBehaviorsDriverswereaskedhowoftentheyobservedacertaindriverbehaviorontheroadwithinthelastmonth.
Driversrespondedwhethertheysawthebehaviorregularly,fairlyoften,rarely,justonceornever.
Table3showsthatthemajorityofdriversobservedistracteddrivingoftenontheroads.
Morethan9in10drivers(92.
8%)reportseeingdriverstalkingoncellphonesregularlyorfairlyoftenwhile84%ofdriversreportseeingdriverstextmessagingoremailingregularlyorfairlyoften.
Speedingonfreewayswasthemostvisiblebehavior;93.
3%ofrespondentsreportedobservingitregularlyorfairlyoften.
Speedingonresidentialstreetswasreportedregularlyorfairlyoftenby85.
5%ofrespondents.
Only28.
0%ofdriversreportedseeingdriverswhoappearedtobeundertheinfluenceofdrugsandalcohol.
Fiftypercentsaytheyrarelysawthisbehaviorwhile16.
3%neversawitinthepreviousmonth.
Drowsydrivingwasnotoftenobservedbyrespondentsinthepreviousmonth;26.
1%ofdriversreportedtheysawitregularlyorfairlyoften.
Table3.
Inthepastmonth,howoftenhaveyouseenthefollowingbehaviorsontheroad(N=2,613)RegularlyFairlyoftenRarelyJustonceNeverDriverstalkingoncellphones64.
828.
05.
80.
50.
9Driverstextmessagingoremailing48.
935.
111.
31.
43.
1Peopledrivingaggressively42.
640.
913.
11.
61.
5Driversspeedingonfreeways65.
527.
84.
60.
61.
2Driversspeedingonresidentialstreets44.
840.
712.
20.
51.
5Driversrunningredlights20.
031.
535.
55.
67.
2Driverswhoappeartobedrowsy6.
020.
151.
74.
217.
7Driverswhoappeartobeundertheinfluenceofalcoholand/orotherdrugs7.
720.
350.
05.
416.
3Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationSupportforSafetyCountermeasuresRegardingthesupportofspecificsafetycountermeasures,themajorityofdriverstendtosupportmosttrafficsafetylaws(Table4).
Forexample,73.
4%ofdriverssupportlawsagainstusinghand-heldcellphoneswhiledrivingand87.
6%ofdriverssupportalawagainstreading,typingandsendingatextmessagewhiledriving.
Thereareafewexceptions,however,suchaslawsusingcamerastoautomaticallyticketdriverswhodrivemorethan10mphoverthespeedlimitinaresidentialarea,withalittlemorethanhalfofdriversstronglyorsomewhatopposedtoit.
Inaddition,alawagainstusinganytypeofcellphone(whetherhand-heldorhands-free),isrelativelyunpopular,with58.
4%ofdriversopposingit.
11Table4.
Howstronglydoyousupportoroppose(N=2,613)SupportstronglySupportsomewhatOpposesomewhatOpposestronglyHavingalawagainstreading,typingorsendingatextmessageoremailwhiledriving61.
626.
08.
23.
3Havingalawagainstusingahand-heldcellphonewhiledriving,foralldriversregardlessoftheirage44.
329.
118.
27.
7Havingalawagainstusinganytypeofcellphonewhiledriving,hand-heldorhands-free,foralldriversregardlessoftheirage20.
320.
632.
226.
2HavingalawrequiringalldriverswhohavebeenconvictedofDWItouseadevicethatwon'tlettheircarstartiftheyhavebeendrinking,evenifit'stheirfirsttimebeingconvictedofDWI50.
529.
414.
54.
9Requiringallnewcarstohaveabuilt-intechnologythatwon'tletthecarstartifthedriver'salcohollevelisoverthelegallimit45.
427.
616.
49.
9Usingcamerastoautomaticallyticketdriverswhodrivemorethan10mphoverthespeedlimitonresidentialstreets22.
325.
925.
325.
6Usingcamerastoautomaticallyticketdriverswhorunredlightsonresidentialstreets30.
029.
120.
419.
8Havingalawrequiringallmotorcycleriderstowearahelmet62.
319.
910.
86.
3Havingalawmakingitillegaltodrivewithmorethanacertainamountofmarijuanainyoursystem55.
927.
010.
75.
7Havingalawagainstdrivingwithnosleepinthepast24hours37.
831.
221.
28.
9Loweringthelimitforadriver'sbloodalcoholconcentrationfrom0.
08to0.
05g/dLa31.
332.
419.
916.
0Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationAcceptabilityofTrafficBehaviorsParticipantswereaskedtoreporthowacceptableeachtrafficrelatedbehavioris:completelyacceptable,somewhatacceptable,somewhatunacceptableandcompletelyunacceptable.
Trafficbehaviorsidentifiedwere:talkingonahand-heldphonewhiledriving,talkingonahands-freephonewhiledriving,readingatextoremailmessagewhiledriving,driving15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreeway,driving10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreet,runningaredlight,drivingwithoutaseatbelt,drowsyorfatigueddriving,drunkdrivinganddrivingafterusingmarijuana.
Therearedifferencesinthetypeofdistractedbehaviordriversdeemasacceptable.
Table5showshowacceptableeachdrivingbehavioristodrivers.
Morethan2in3drivers(69.
0%)seetalkingonahands-freephonewhiledrivingasacceptablewhileonlyaroundaquarter(24.
6%)ofdriversseetalkingona12hand-heldcellphoneasacceptable.
Withrespecttotextingandemailingwhiledriving,only6.
8%ofdriversconsiderreadingatextore-mailingwhiledrivingasacceptableandonly3.
8%ofdriversconsidertypingorsendingatextmessageasacceptable.
Table5.
Howacceptabledoyou,personally,feelitisforadriverto…(N=2,613)CompletelyacceptableSomewhatacceptableSomewhatunacceptableCompletelyunacceptableTalkonahand-heldcellphonewhiledriving4.
919.
728.
746.
1Talkonahands-freephonewhiledriving29.
339.
718.
012.
6Readatextmessageoremailwhiledriving1.
35.
524.
568.
3Typeorsendtextmessageoremailwhiledriving1.
12.
717.
278.
4Drive15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreeway4.
319.
633.
542.
0Drive10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreet2.
211.
829.
955.
6Drivethroughalightthatjustturnedred,whentheycouldhavestoppedsafely1.
65.
528.
164.
3Drivewithoutwearingtheirseatbelt5.
18.
422.
463.
7Drivewhenthey'resosleepythattheyhavetroublekeepingtheireyesopen1.
52.
920.
374.
9Driveafterdrinkingalcohol1.
04.
819.
374.
4Driveaftersmokingorusingmarijuana2.
38.
023.
365.
8Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationTherearealsodifferencesinthelevelofacceptabilitybasedonthelocationwherespeedingoccurs.
Forexample,aroundaquarter(23.
9%)ofdriversdeemdriving15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreewayasacceptablebutonly14.
0%ofdriversdeemdriving10mphoverthespeedlimitinaresidentialstreetasacceptable.
Theacceptabilityofimpaireddrivingalsovariesbythetypeorsourceofimpairment.
Only5.
8%ofdriversdeemdrivingafterdrinkingalcoholasanacceptablebehaviorwhile10.
3%ofdriversseedrivingaftersmokingorusingmarijuanaascompletelyorsomewhatacceptable.
ThreatstoPersonalSafetyParticipantswereaskedhowmuchofathreattotheirpersonalsafetycertaintrafficbehaviorsare.
Trafficrelatedbehaviorsincludeddriverstalkingoncellphones,textmessagingoremailing,drivingafterdrinkingalcohol,drivingaggressively,speedingonfreewaysandonresidentialstreets,runningredlights,drivingwhilesleepyorfatiguedanddrivingafterusingdrugs,whetherprescriptionorillegalones.
Basedondriverresponsesforeachyear,alargemajorityofdriversseeseachtrafficrelatedbehaviorasathreattotheirpersonalsafety.
Intermsofimpaireddriving,driversoverallperceivepeopledrivingafterusingprescriptiondrugsasconsiderablylessthreateningtotheirpersonalsafetythanpeopledrivingafterusingillegaldrugs(Table6).
Alittlemorethan3outof4(78.
1%)driversperceivepeopledrivingafterusingprescriptiondrugsas13averyseriousorsomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety,whilearound9in10(90.
8%)perceivepeopledrivingafterusingillegaldrugsasaveryseriousorsomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety.
Table6.
Howmuchofathreattoyourpersonalsafetyare.
.
.
(N=2,613)VeryseriousthreatSomewhatseriousthreatMinorthreatNotathreatatallDriverstalkingoncellphones57.
530.
211.
50.
7Driverstextmessagingoremailing77.
619.
22.
80.
2Peopledrivingaggressively58.
333.
27.
60.
7Driversspeedingonfreeways44.
934.
418.
51.
9Driversspeedingonresidentialstreets55.
133.
110.
61.
0Driversrunningredlights66.
225.
27.
80.
7Sleepydrivers54.
93311.
10.
8Peopledrivingafterdrinkingalcohol73.
520.
85.
00.
5Peopledrivingafterusingillegaldrugs68.
222.
68.
20.
8Peopledrivingafterusingprescriptiondrugs42.
535.
619.
22.
5Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationDriverstextmessagingoremailingisthemostcitedthreattopersonalsafetyamongdriverswith96.
8%sayingthatitisaveryseriousthreatorasomewhatseriousthreat.
Thepercentageofrespondentswhosaidtextmessagingoremailingwhiledrivingisaseriousthreatexceedsthepercentagewhoconsiderdrivingafterdrinkingalcoholaseriousthreat(94.
3%).
TrafficRelatedBehaviorsinthePast30DaysDriverswereaskedtoreporthowoftentheyengagedinanyriskydrivingbehaviorsinthepast30days.
Behaviorsthatwereaskedaboutincludedtalkingonahand-heldphonewhiledriving,talkingonahands-freephonewhiledriving,readingatextoremailmessagewhiledriving,driving15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreeway,driving10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreet,runningaredlight,drivingwithoutaseatbelt,drowsyorfatigueddriving,drunkdrivinganddrivingafterusingmarijuana.
Participantswereaskedwhethertheydidthisregularly,fairlyoften,rarely,justonceornever.
Despiteperceivedthreatsandlowerlevelsofacceptance,aconsiderableproportionofdriversstilladmittoengaginginthesebehaviors.
Table7showshowoftendriversengagedindifferentbehaviorsintheprevious30days.
Alittlemorethan60percentofdriversreportedtalkingonahands-freephonewhiledrivinginthepastmonthwhilealmosthalf(49.
2%)reportedtalkingonahand-heldphone.
Forty-fivepercentofdriversreadatextoremailmessagewhiledrivingand34.
6%typedorsentatextmessageoremail.
Comparatively,thepercentageofdriverswhodrovewithoutseatbeltsinthepreviousmonthwaslow(18.
5%).
14Table7.
Inthepast30days,howoftenhaveyou…(N=2,613)RegularlyFairlyoftenRarelyJustonceNeverReadatextmessageoremailwhileyouweredriving3.
69.
523.
58.
454.
7Typedorsentatextmessageoremailwhileyouweredriving3.
26.
819.
25.
464.
9Talkedonahand-heldphonewhileyouweredriving4.
59.
326.
98.
550.
7Talkedonahands-freephonewhileyouweredriving13.
820.
921.
34.
439.
3Driven15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreeway4.
913.
925.
66.
049.
6Driven10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreet3.
59.
427.
86.
852.
2Driventhroughalightthathadjustturnedredwhenyoucouldhavestoppedsafely1.
93.
122.
71557.
1Drivenwithoutwearingyourseatbelt3.
33.
58.
92.
881.
2Drivenwhenyouweresotiredthatyouhadahardtimekeepingyoureyesopen1.
32.
916.
89.
969.
1Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationDistractedDrivingDistracteddrivingbehaviors,includinghand-heldandhand-freecellphoneuseandtextingoremailing,arefairlywidespread.
AsshowninTable8,inthe30dayspriortothesurvey,60.
5%ofdriverstalkedonahands-freecellphone,49.
1%talkedonahand-heldcellphone,44.
9%ofdriversreadatextmessageoremailwhiledrivingand34.
6%ofdriverstypedorsentatextmessageoremailwhiledriving.
Table8.
Proportionofdriverswhoreporteddistracteddrivingbehaviorsatleastonceinthepast30days(N=2,613)Talkedonahands-freecellphoneTalkedonahand-heldcellphoneReadatextmessageoremailTyped/sentatextmessageoremailAlldrivers60.
549.
144.
934.
6Agegroup16-1853.
151.
152.
037.
919-2466.
257.
354.
942.
325-3966.
955.
462.
255.
040-5964.
450.
548.
235.
660-7453.
240.
624.
513.
975+33.
735.
211.
47.
2GenderMale60.
851.
044.
232.
9Female60.
347.
345.
736.
2Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationCellphoneUseMostdriversconsiderusingacellphonewhiledrivingandtextingoremailingwhiledrivingtobeathreattotheirsafety.
Amongparticipants,87.
7%considereddriverstalkingoncellphonestobeaveryseriousorsomewhatseriousthreat.
Table9presentstheproportionofdriversbyageandsexwhoseedistracteddrivingasathreat.
Thereweregenderdifferencesintheperceivedthreatofusingaphonewhiledriving.
Nearly9in10females(90.
8%)consideredphoneusewhiledrivingasasomewhatorvery15seriousthreattotheirpersonalsafetywhile84.
4%ofmalesconsidereditasomewhatorveryseriousthreat.
Table9.
Proportionofdriverswhoreportedperceivingdistracteddrivingbehaviorsasasomewhatorveryseriousthreat(N=2,613)DriverstalkingoncellphonesDriverstextmessagingoremailing(%)(%)Alldrivers87.
796.
8Agegroup16-1883.
195.
719-2476.
394.
325-3984.
496.
040-5987.
997.
660-7492.
797.
675+94.
395.
1GenderMale84.
495.
6Female90.
897.
9Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationAlthoughcellphoneusagewasreportedasaprevalentthreattopersonalsafety,thereweredifferencesinthelevelofacceptabilityacrossmodesofvoicecalling.
Table10illustratestheproportionofdriverswhofoundcertainpotentiallydistractingbehaviorsasacceptablewhiledriving.
Morethan2outof3drivers(69.
0%)considereditcompletelyorsomewhatacceptabletotalkonahands-freephonewhiledrivingwhileonly24.
6%indicatedthatitisacceptabletotalkonahand-heldcellphonewhiledriving.
Table10.
Proportionofdriverswhorateddistracteddrivingbehaviorsascompletelyorsomewhatacceptable(N=2,613)ReadatextmessageoremailwhiledrivingTypeorsendatextmessageoremailwhiledrivingTalkonahand-heldcellphonewhiledrivingTalkonahands-freephonewhiledrivingAlldrivers6.
83.
924.
669.
0Agegroup16-1811.
06.
434.
278.
919-247.
83.
424.
772.
125-3912.
16.
232.
671.
440-595.
33.
226.
172.
260-743.
52.
316.
263.
575+1.
72.
85.
749.
6GenderMale8.
54.
525.
370.
0Female5.
23.
324.
068.
0Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationTheseoutcomesmirrorthetrendinhowmuchdriverssupportoropposehavinglawsagainstcellphoneuse.
Forexample,73.
4%ofdriverssupportedlawsagainstahand-heldcellphonewhiledriving;however,only40.
9%ofdriverssupportedlawsagainstusinganytypeofcellphone,whetherhand-heldorhands-free(seeTable4).
16TextMessagingandEmailingMostdrivers(96.
8%)considertextmessagingoremailingasabiggerthreatthandriverstalkingoncellphones(87.
7%)(Table9).
Thelevelofperceivedthreatmirrorswhatdriversbelieveisacceptable,with6.
8%ofdriverssayingthatreadingatextmessageoremailwhiledrivingisacceptableandonly3.
9%ofdriverssayingthattypingatextmessageoremailingwhiledrivingisacceptable(Table10).
Whenaskedwhethertheystronglysupportoropposelegislationagainstreading,typingorsendingatextmessageoremailwhiledriving,anoverwhelming87.
6%supportitwith61.
6%stronglysupportingit(Table4).
Despitethisbeliefinacceptabilityandperceivedthreatregardingreadingandwritingtextmessagesandemailswhiledriving,44.
9%ofdriversadmittedtoreadingatextmessageoremailwhiledrivinginthe30dayspriortothesurveyand34.
6%typedorsentatextoremail(Table8).
Self-reportedbeliefsaboutacceptanceandthreatsandself-reportedbehaviorabouttextingandemailingwhiledrivingvariesbyageandsex.
Table8showsthatthoseages25-39havethehighestproportionwhoreporttheyhavereadtextmessagesoremailswhiledriving(62.
2%)andtyped/senttextmessageswhiledriving(55.
0%).
Driversages19-24followcloselybehindwith54.
9%and42.
3%,respectively.
Driversages75andolder,byawidemargin,havethelowestproportionofdriverswhoreadtextsoremails(11.
4%)ortypeorsendtextsoremails(7.
2%)whiledriving.
Ahigherpercentageoffemales(36.
2%)reporttypingorsendingtextmessagesoremailsthanmales(32.
9%).
RiskyandAggressiveDrivingBehaviorsAround2in3drivers(68.
1%)perceivethataggressivedrivingisamuchbiggerorsomewhatbiggerproblemtodaythanitwasthreeyearsago(Table2),with91.
5%ofalldriverssayingthatpeopledrivingaggressivelyposeathreattotheirpersonalsafety(Table6).
SpeedingSpeedingonfreewaysandresidentialstreetsisprevalent.
Abouthalfofdrivers(50.
3%)reporteddriving15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreeway,with18.
8%reportingthattheydiditfairlyoftentoregularlyinthepastmonth.
Table11showstheproportionofdriverswho,atleastoncewithinthepast30days,engagedincertainbehaviorsincludingspeeding,drivingthrougharedlightordrivingwithoutaseatbelt.
17Table11.
Proportionofdriverswhoreportedbehaviorsatleastonceinthepast30days(N=2,613)Drove15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreewayDrove10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreetDrovethroughalightthathadjustturnedredwhenyoucouldhavestoppedsafelyDrovewithoutwearingyourseatbeltAlldrivers50.
347.
642.
718.
6Agegroup16-1838.
149.
734.
011.
919-2454.
552.
745.
618.
625-3955.
353.
243.
926.
040-5950.
346.
043.
517.
560-7446.
442.
641.
813.
575+45.
044.
937.
815.
3GenderMale54.
150.
245.
421.
4Female46.
745.
140.
215.
9Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationAdditionally,47.
6%reporteddriving10mphoverthespeedlimitinaresidentialarea,with12.
9%indicatingthattheydiditfairlyoftenorregularly,overthepast30days.
Despitethehighproportionofindividualswhodriveoverthespeedlimit,theproportionofindividualswhodeemthisbehavioracceptableisrelativelysmall(Table12).
Only23.
9%ofdriversbelievethatdriving15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreewayiscompletelyorsomewhatacceptableandasmallerproportionofpeople(14.
0%)deemdriving10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreettobeacceptable.
Table12.
Proportionofdriverswhoratedriskydrivingbehaviorsascompletelyorsomewhatacceptable(N=2,613)Driving15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreewayDriving10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreetDrivingwithoutwearingaseatbeltDrivingthroughalightthatjustturnedredwhentheycouldhavestoppedAlldrivers23.
914.
013.
57.
1Agegroup16-1823.
718.
210.
57.
319-2430.
216.
49.
17.
525-3929.
518.
516.
69.
840-5922.
914.
015.
36.
460-7420.
19.
410.
25.
475+13.
07.
36.
74.
4GenderMale26.
515.
816.
86.
5Female21.
412.
410.
57.
6Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
population18Table13showsthatmajorityofdrivers,around4in5(79.
3%),indicatedthatdriversspeedingonfreewaysposeaveryseriousorsomewhatseriousthreattotheirsafety,whileagreaterpercentage(88.
2%)indicatedthattheyseedriversspeedingonresidentialstreetsasaveryseriousorsomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety.
Table13.
Proportionofdriverswhoreportedperceivingriskydrivingbehaviorsasasomewhatorveryseriousthreat(N=2,613)PeopledrivingaggressivelyDriversspeedingonfreewaysDriversspeedingonresidentialstreetsDriversrunningredlightsAlldrivers91.
579.
388.
291.
4Agegroup16-1890.
676.
785.
491.
719-2494.
066.
888.
786.
625-3990.
277.
887.
892.
640-5991.
279.
188.
791.
260-7493.
383.
489.
091.
675+90.
584.
584.
890.
0GenderMale87.
971.
585.
089.
1Female94.
986.
691.
393.
6Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationTheproportionofdriverswhosupporthavingcamerasautomaticallyticketdriverswhospeedmorethan10mphinaresidentialsettingisonlyafractionofthosewhoseethebehaviorasapersonalthreat.
Only48.
2%ofdriverseitherstronglysupportorsomewhatsupportusingcamerastoautomaticallyticketpeopledrivingmorethan10mphinaresidentialsetting(Table4).
Acrosssexandage,therearedifferencesinself-reportedbeliefsaboutacceptance,threatsandself-reportedbehaviorregardingspeeding.
Table12showsthatdriversages25-39havethesecondhighestproportionofdriverswhoconsiderspeedingonfreewaystobeacceptable(29.
5%)andthehighestproportionofdriverswhodeemspeedingonresidentialstreetstobeacceptable(18.
5%).
Notsurprisingly,thisagegroupalsohasthehighestproportionofdriverswhoadmittospeeding15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreeway(55.
3%)andofdriverswhodrive10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialroad(53.
2%,seeTable11).
Inbothcases,driversages75andolderwerelesslikelytodeemspeedingasacceptable:Only13.
0%believedthatdriving15mphoverthespeedlimitonfreewaysisacceptableandonly7.
3%believedthatitisacceptabletodrive10mphoverthelimitonresidentialroads(seeTable12).
Malesweremorelikelytofindspeedingonbothfreeways(26.
5%)andresidentialroads(15.
8%)acceptablethanfemales,ofwhom21.
4%foundspeedingonfreewaysacceptableand12.
4%foundspeedingonresidentialroadsacceptable(seeTable12).
Inturn,thepercentageofmaleswhoreportspeedingonfreeways(54.
1%)ishigherthanforfemales(46.
7%).
Thisalsoholdstrueforspeedingonresidentialroadswithhalfofmaledrivers(50.
2%)reportingdoingsocomparedwith45.
1%offemaledrivers(Table11).
19Red-LightRunningThemajorityofdriversfindthatdrivingthroughalightthatjustturnedredwhentheycouldhavestoppedsafelyisanunacceptablebehavior(92.
9%).
Only7.
1%ofdriversfounditeithercompletelyacceptableorsomewhatacceptable(seeTable12).
Anoverwhelmingmajority(91.
4%)ofdriversperceivedriversrunningredlightsasaseriousorasomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety(seeTable13).
Despitethis,arelativelylargeportionofdrivers(42.
7%)admittedtodrivingthroughastoplightthathadjustturnedredwhentheycouldhavestoppedsafelyinthepast30days.
About1in4drivers(27.
7%)reporthavingdonethismorethanonce,with5.
0%reportingdoingthisfairlyoftenorregularly(seeTable7).
Inaddition,regardlessofthefactthatanoverwhelmingmajorityofdriversseered-lightrunningasathreattotheirsafetyandanunacceptablebehavior,only59.
1%supportusingcamerastoautomaticallyticketdriverswhorunredlightsonresidentialstreets.
Driversages19-24weretheleastlikelytoseered-lightrunningasathreat(86.
6%).
Thisagegroupisalsomorelikelytohavedriventhroughastoplightthathasjustturnedredwhentheycouldhavesafelystopped(45.
6%)comparedwithotheragegroups(seeTable13andTable11).
DrowsyandImpairedDrivingDrowsyDrivingOnatypicalweek,driversreportanaverageof1.
3dayswheretheygetlessthansixhoursofsleep.
Morethanhalfofdrivers,or57.
6%,typicallydonotgetlessthansixhoursofsleepduringtheweek.
Thismeansthat42.
4%ofdriversreportatleastoneormoredayswheretheygetlessthansixhoursofsleepinatypicalweek.
Table14showsthatalmostathirdofdrivers(30.
8%)reporteddrivingwhentheyweresotiredthattheycouldbarelykeeptheireyesopeninthepast30days.
Table14.
Proportionofdriverswhoreporteddrivingwhiledrowsyatleastonceinthepast30days(N=2,613)Drivenwhenyouweresotiredthatyouhadahardtimekeepingyoureyesopen(%)Alldrivers30.
8Agegroup16-1824.
819-2438.
325-3934.
540-5930.
360-7427.
375+27.
6GenderMale31.
4Female30.
2Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
population20Despitethesefigures,only4.
5%ofdriversfindthisbehavioracceptable(seeTable16below)while87.
9%ofdriversfindthatsleepydriversareeitheraveryseriousthreatorasomewhatseriousthreatasshowninTable15.
Table15.
Proportionofdriverswhoreportedperceivingdrowsydriversasasomewhatorveryseriousthreat(N=2,613)Sleepydrivers(%)Alldrivers87.
9Agegroup16-1885.
719-2485.
025-3991.
040-5987.
560-7487.
675+82.
2GenderMale84.
1Female91.
6Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationInaddition,morethantwo-thirdsofdrivers(69.
0%)eitherstronglysupportorsomewhatsupporthavingalawagainstdrivingwithnosleepwithinthepast24hours(seeTable4).
The25-39agegrouphadthehighestproportion(91.
0%)ofrespondentswhoconsiderdrowsydriversasathreattotheirpersonalsafety(seeTable15).
However,asshowninTable16,thisgroupalsohadthehighestproportion–albeitasmallone–ofrespondentswhoperceivedrowsydrivingasacceptable,at5.
7%.
Intermsoftheproportionofdriverswhoreporteddrivingwhentheyweresotiredthattheyhadahardtimekeepingtheireyesopen,34.
5%ofdriversinthisagegroupreportedaffirmatively,secondonlytodrivers19-24,where38.
3%ofdriversreporteddrivingwhiletiredorsleepy(Table14).
Table16.
Proportionofdriverswhorateddrowsydrivingascompletelyorsomewhatacceptable(N=2,613)Drivingwhentheyaresotiredthattheyhaveahardtimekeepingtheireyesopen(%)Alldrivers4.
5Agegroup16-184.
519-243.
225-395.
740-594.
660-743.
575+2.
5GenderMale5.
5Female3.
5Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
population21Alcohol-ImpairedDrivingMostdriversstatedthattheyconsumealcohol:About2outof3drivers(66.
3%)reportedthattheyconsumebeer,wine,liquororotherdrinkscontainingalcohol.
Alittleoverone-fifth(20.
5%)statedthattheydrinklessthanonceamonth,10.
6%drinkonceortwiceamonth,12.
1%drinkafewtimesamonth,17.
1%drinkafewtimesaweekand6.
2%drinkdaily,asshowninTable17.
Table17.
Howoftendoyouconsumebeer,wineorliquor(N=2,613)DailyAfewtimesaweekAfewtimesamonth1or2timesamonthLessthanonceamonthNeverAlldrivers6.
217.
112.
110.
620.
533.
6Agegroup16-180.
70.
13.
73.
212.
080.
419-240.
010.
417.
69.
918.
343.
825-394.
116.
518.
412.
222.
726.
240-596.
020.
09.
712.
219.
932.
360-748.
717.
89.
07.
821.
335.
475+16.
513.
611.
410.
116.
731.
8GenderMale8.
421.
813.
49.
416.
231.
0Female4.
112.
611.
011.
824.
536.
0Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationDrinkinganddrivingisviewedasaveryseriousthreat,socialdisapprovalisalmostuniversal,socialstigmaisfeltstronglyandrelativelyfewdriversadmittoit.
ThereisverystrongsupportforrequiringallDWIoffenderstousealcohol-ignitioninterlocksontheirvehicles,evenforfirsttimeoffenders(seeTable4).
About43.
4%ofdriversbelievethatdrunkdrivingiseitheramuchbiggerproblemtodayorasomewhatbiggerproblemtodaythanthreeyearsago(seeTable2).
Table18showsthatavastmajorityofdrivers(94.
3%)believethatpeopledrivingafterdrinkingalcoholposeaveryseriousthreatorsomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety,with73.
5%reportingthatitisaveryseriousthreat.
Only5.
8%considerdrivingafterdrinkingalcoholacceptable,with74.
4%reportingthatitiscompletelyunacceptableand19.
3%ofdriverssayingthatitissomewhatunacceptable(seeTable5).
22Table18.
Proportionofdriverswhoreportedperceivingimpaireddriversasasomewhatorveryseriousthreat(N=2,613)PeopledrivingafterdrinkingalcoholPeopledrivingafterusingprescriptiondrugsPeopledrivingafterusingillegaldrugsAlldrivers94.
378.
290.
8Agegroup16-1896.
776.
691.
119-2497.
675.
593.
025-3994.
678.
991.
040-5994.
378.
790.
460-7493.
979.
291.
375+89.
269.
887.
2GenderMale92.
573.
287.
4Female95.
982.
893.
9Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationAmongthosewhoreportedconsumingalcohol,20.
7%reporteddrivingwhentheythoughttheyhadconsumedtoomuchalcoholtodrivesafelyinthepastyear.
Amongthosewhoreportedconsumingalcohol,about6.
6%statedthattheydidthisjustonce,11.
9%statedthattheydothisrarelyand1.
6%statedthattheydothisfairlyoften(Table19).
Table19.
Inthepastyearhowoftenhaveyoudrivenwhenyouthoughtyouralcohollevelmighthavebeenclosetoorpossiblyoverthelegallimit(N=1,317)RegularlyFairlyoftenRarelyJustonceNeverAlldrivers0.
41.
07.
84.
386.
4AgeGroup16-180.
00.
51.
71.
496.
419-240.
01.
85.
63.
089.
725-391.
59.
15.
781.
840-590.
00.
61.
94.
884.
360-740.
00.
84.
03.
591.
675+0.
00.
06.
70.
093.
4GenderMale0.
51.
59.
76.
881.
5Female0.
30.
66.
02.
091.
1Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationAmongthedifferentagegroups,thoseages25-39hadthehighestproportionofdriverswhodrovewhentheythoughttheiralcohollevelmighthavebeenclosetoorpossiblyoverthelegallimitduringthepastyear,with18.
2%doingso.
Withinthisagegroup,5.
7%indicatedthattheydiditjustonce,9.
1%indicatedthattheydiditrarely,1.
9%indicatedthattheydothisfairlyoften,and1.
5%indicatedthattheydothisregularly.
About2.
3%ofdriversmentionedthattheyhavedrivenwhentheythoughttheiralcohollevelmighthavebeenclosetoorpossiblyoverthelegallimitwithinthepastmonth,2.
3%reportedthattheydidso23atleastonemonthagobutlessthanthreemonthsagoandabout2.
7%reportedthattheydidsobetweenthreeandsixmonthsago,and6.
3%reportedtheyhavedoneso6monthsorlongerago(seeTable20).
Table20.
Abouthowlongagowasthelasttimeyoudrovewhenyouthoughtyouralcohollevelmighthavebeenclosetoorpossiblyoverthelegallimit(N=1,317)WithinthepastmonthAtleast1monthago,butlessthan3monthsagoAtleast3monthsago,butlessthan6monthsago6monthsorlongeragoNeverAlldrivers2.
32.
32.
76.
386.
5AgeGroup16-180.
81.
50.
01.
396.
419-242.
93.
20.
04.
189.
925-393.
13.
04.
76.
982.
340-592.
23.
02.
28.
983.
860-741.
91.
02.
42.
991.
875+0.
00.
00.
06.
593.
5GenderMale2.
34.
03.
19.
081.
7Female2.
30.
82.
33.
791.
0Base:USresidentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectUSpopulationDrug-ImpairedDrivingMorethanhalf(54.
9%)ofdriversbelievethatdriversusingdrugsposeamuchbiggerproblemorsomewhatbiggerproblemtodaythantheydidthreeyearsago(Table2).
Themajorityofdrivers(90.
8%)perceivepeopledrivingafterusingillegaldrugstobeeitheraveryseriousthreatorasomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety.
About2in3(68.
2%)believethatthisisaveryseriousthreatwhile22.
6%believethatitissomewhataseriousthreat(Table6).
Comparatively,78.
2percentconsiderdrivingundertheinfluenceofprescriptiondrugsaveryseriousorsomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety(Table18).
24Table21.
Haveyoueverevenonceusedmarijuana(N=2,613)YesNo(%)(%)Alldrivers47.
452.
3Agegroup16-1819.
380.
819-2437.
462.
625-3950.
149.
640-5952.
247.
560-7450.
549.
275+15.
884.
2GenderMale49.
750.
0Female45.
254.
6Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationAmongdrivers,47.
4%haveusedmarijuanaintheirlifetimes(Table21).
Only10.
8%ofdriversperceivedrivingaftersmokingmarijuanaascompletelyorsomewhatacceptable.
Amongdriverswhoreportedtodrivewithinanhourofusingmarijuanainthepastyear,49.
4%didsointhepastmonth,while21.
2%didsoatleastonemonthagobutlessthanthreemonthsagoand18.
4%reporteddoingsobetweenthreeandsixmonthsago.
Duetothesmallsamplesize,onlydriverswhoreporteddrivingwithinanhourofusingmarijuanainthepastyeararetabulated.
Table22.
Abouthowlongagowasthelasttimeyoudrovewithinonehourofusingmarijuana(N=123)WithinthepastmonthAtleast1monthago,butlessthan3monthsagoAtleast3monthsago,butlessthan6monthsago6monthsagoorlongerAlldrivers49.
421.
218.
411.
0AgeGroup16-1837.
725.
26.
630.
519-2460.
80.
030.
09.
225-3948.
125.
117.
89.
040-5961.
118.
711.
19.
260-7435.
513.
130.
920.
475+0.
0100.
00.
00.
0GenderMale52.
925.
213.
28.
8Female43.
314.
027.
615.
1Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30daysandreporteddrivingwithinonehourofusingmarijuana,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
population25SummaryofOverall2017TSCIResultsOverall,driversperceiveunsafedrivingbehaviorssuchastalkingoncellphones,texting,emailing,speedingandred-lightrunningasseriousthreatstotheirpersonalsafety.
Thereisgenerallyconcordancebetweendrivers'levelofacceptanceofcertainbehaviorswiththelevelofthreateachbehaviorposestotheirpersonalsafety.
Althoughthereseemstobeconcordancebetweenperceivedthreatstopersonalsafetyandacceptabilityofcertainbehaviors,thereseemstobediscordancebetweenacceptabilityandthreatstopersonalsafetywithcertainbehaviorsengagedinbydriversthemselves.
Thesurveyfindingsrevealthatdriversengageinbehaviorstheyrecognizeasunsafe.
Forexample,asubstantialnumberofdrivers(95.
6%)saythatitisunacceptabletotypetextmessagesoremailwhiledriving(Table5);yetapproximately1in3(34.
6%)indicatedthattheyhavedoneitinthepast30days(Table7).
26ReferencesAAAFoundationforTrafficSafety(2017).
2016TrafficSafetyCultureIndex.
Washington,D.
C.
:AAAFoundationforTrafficSafety.
Available:http://aaafoundation.
org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/2016TrafficSafetyCultureIndexReport.
pdf.
AAAFoundationforTrafficSafety(2016).
2015TrafficSafetyCultureIndex.
Washington,D.
C.
:AAAFoundationforTrafficSafety.
Available:http://aaafoundation.
org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/2015TrafficSafetyCultureIndexReport.
pdfAAAFoundationforTrafficSafety(2015).
2014TrafficSafetyCultureIndex.
Washington,D.
C.
:AAAFoundationforTrafficSafety.
Available:http://aaafoundation.
org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014TrafficSafetycultureIndexReport.
pdfAAAFoundationforTrafficSafety(2014).
2013TrafficSafetyCultureIndex.
Washington,D.
C.
:AAAFoundationforTrafficSafety.
Available:http://aaafoundation.
org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2013TrafficSafetyCultureIndexReport.
pdfAAAFoundationforTrafficSafety(2013).
2012TrafficSafetyCultureIndex.
Washington,D.
C.
:AAAFoundationforTrafficSafety.
Available:http://aaafoundation.
org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2012TrafficSafetyCultureIndexReport.
pdfAAAFoundationforTrafficSafety(2008).
2008TrafficSafetyCultureIndex.
Washington,D.
C.
:AAAFoundationforTrafficSafety.
Available:http://aaafoundation.
org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/2008TSCIndexReport.
pdfGfK(2013).
KnowledgePanelDesignSummary.
PaloAlto,CA:GfK.
http://www.
knowledgenetworks.
com/knpanel/docs/knowledgepanel(R)-design-summary-description.
pdf.
NationalCenterforStatisticsandAnalysis(2017a).
SummaryofMotorVehicleCrashes(finaledition):2015data.
(TrafficSafetyFacts.
ReportNo.
DOTHS812376).
Washington,D.
C.
:NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationNationalCenterforStatisticsandAnalysis(2017b).
2016FatalMotorVehicleCrashes:Overview.
(TrafficSafetyFactsResearchNote.
ReportNo.
DOTHS812456).
Washington,D.
C.
:NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration.
Owens,J.
M.
,Dingus,T.
A.
,Guo,F.
,Fang,Y.
,Perez,M.
,McClafferty,J.
(2018a).
CrashRiskofCellPhoneUseWhileDriving:ACase-CrossoverAnalysisofNaturalisticDrivingData.
AAAFoundationforTrafficSafety.
http://aaafoundation.
org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/CellPhoneCrashRisk_FINAL.
pdf.
Owens,J.
M.
,Dingus,T.
A.
,Guo,F.
,Fang,Y.
,Perez,M.
,McClafferty,J.
,Tefft,B.
(2018b).
PrevalenceofDrowsyDrivingCrashes:EstimatesfromaLarge-ScaleNaturalisticStudy.
Washington,D.
C.
:AAAFoundationforTrafficSafety.
27http://aaafoundation.
org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/FINAL_AAAFTS-Drowsy-Driving-Research-Brief-1.
pdfTefft,B.
C.
(2016).
AcuteSleepDeprivationandRiskofMotorVehicleCrashInvolvement.
Washington,D.
C.
:AAAFoundationforTrafficSafety.
http://aaafoundation.
org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/AcuteSleepDeprivationCrashRisk.
pdfU.
S.
CensusBureau(2016).
CurrentPopulationSurvey:March2016.
Washington,D.
C.
http://www.
bls.
gov/cps/.
Findingspresentedinthisreportarebasedonanationallyrepresentativesurveyofmorethan2,600U.
S.
motoristsconductedin2017.
Thisreportisausefulreferenceforresearchers,practitionersandadvocatesoftrafficsafetywhomayutilizeresultspresentedtoinfluencechangesandpromoteawarenessoftrafficsafety.
C.
Y.
DavidYang,Ph.
D.
ExecutiveDirectorAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyAbouttheSponsorAAAFoundationforTrafficSafety60714thStreet,NW,Suite201Washington,D.
C.
20005202-638-5944www.
aaafoundation.
orgFoundedin1947,theAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashington,D.
C.
isanot-for-profit,publiclysupportedcharitableresearchandeducationorganizationdedicatedtosavinglivesbypreventingtrafficcrashesandreducinginjurieswhencrashesoccur.
FundingforthisreportwasprovidedbyvoluntarycontributionsfromAAA/CAAandtheiraffiliatedmotorclubs,individualmembers,AAA-affiliatedinsurancecompaniesandotherorganizationsorsources.
ThispublicationisdistributedbytheAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyatnocharge,asapublicservice.
ItmaynotberesoldorusedforcommercialpurposeswithouttheexplicitpermissionoftheFoundation.
Itmay,however,becopiedinwholeorinpartanddistributedforfreeviaanymedium,providedtheFoundationisgivenappropriatecreditasthesourceofthematerial.
TheAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyassumesnoliabilityfortheuseormisuseofanyinformation,opinions,findings,conclusionsorrecommendationscontainedinthisreport.
Iftradeormanufacturers'namesarementioned,itisonlybecausetheyareconsideredessentialtotheobjectofthisreportandtheirmentionshouldnotbeconstruedasanendorsement.
TheAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetydoesnotendorseproductsormanufacturers.
3TableofContentsForeword.
2Introduction4SummaryofMajorFindings.
5DataCollectionMethodologyandLimitations.
7Sampling7Weighting7Limitations7OverallResults.
9PersonalImpactofMotorVehicleCrashes9PerceivedMagnitudeoftheProblemComparedWithThreeYearsAgo.
9VisibilityofTrafficBehaviors10SupportforSafetyCountermeausres.
10AcceptabilityofTrafficBehaviors11ThreatstoPersonalSafety.
12TrafficRelatedBehaviorsinthePast30Days13DistractedDriving.
14CellphoneUse.
14TextMessagingandEmailing.
16RiskyandAggressiveDrivingBehaviors.
16Speeding16Red-LightRunning.
19DrowsyandImpairedDriving.
19DrowsyDriving.
19Alcohol-ImpairedDriving.
21Drug-ImpairedDriving.
23SummaryofOverall2017TSCIResults.
25References264IntroductionBetween2006and2015,anestimated57,732,000crashesoccurredonU.
S.
highways,resultingin355,562fatalitiesandanestimated23,541,000injuries(NationalCenterforStatisticsandAnalysis,2017a).
Certaindriverbehaviorsincreasetheriskofcrashesandfatalities,posingadangernotonlytodrivers,buttopassengers,othermotorists,pedestriansandotherroadusers.
In2016,therewere10,497alcohol-impaireddrivingfatalities,anincreaseof1.
7%from10,320in2016.
Additionally,thenumberoffatalitiesinspeedingrelatedcrashesin2016increasedby4%,from9,723in2015to10,111.
Althoughitisstillasignificantnumber,distraction-affectedcrashesdecreasedfrom3,526in2015to3,450in2016(NationalCenterforStatisticsandAnalysis,2017b).
ArecentstudyconductedbytheAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyfoundthattextingandvisual-manualtasksincreasetheoddsofcrashinvolvementby83%(Owens,2018a).
Drivingwhiledrowsyincreasestheriskofmotorvehiclecrashinvolvement.
InanotherstudyconductedbytheFoundation,resultsshowdriverswhousuallysleepfourtofivehoursdailyhad5.
4timesthecrashrateofdriverswhoreportedsleepingusuallysevenhoursormore(Tefft,2016).
Inaddition,aseparatestudyconductedbytheFoundationfoundthataround10%ofdriversinthestudywhowereinvolvedinacrashwereshowntobedrivingwhiledrowsy.
(Owens,2018b).
TheAAAFoundationforTrafficSafetyhasbeencommittedtodeepeningourunderstandingofournation'strafficsafetyculture(AAAFoundationforTrafficSafety,2013-2017).
ThefirstTrafficSafetyCultureIndex,anationallyrepresentativesurveyofU.
S.
motorists,waslaunchedin2008(AAAFoundationforTrafficSafety,2008).
Thiseffort,whichiscarriedoutannually,continuestoidentifykeyindicatorsregardingthedegreetowhichtrafficsafetyisvaluedandpursuedbydriversintheU.
S.
Asinpreviousyears,the2017TrafficSafetyCultureIndex(TSCI)revealsthatpeopleintheUnitedStatesvaluesafetravelandalsodesireagreaterlevelofsecuritythantheycurrentlyareexperiencing.
Unsafedrivingbehavior–suchasred-lightrunning,textingwhiledrivingandimpaireddriving–areperceivedasposingseriousthreatstopersonalsafety.
However,despitethesestronglyheldconcerns,manyindividualsadmitengaginginunsafedrivingpractices.
Mostdrivers(89.
3%)reportedengaginginatleastoneoftheriskybehaviorsexaminedinthesurveyatleastonceinthepast30days.
Assuch,driversinthesampleoftendemonstratea"doasIsay,notasIdo"attitude.
Forexample,although92%ofrespondentsreportedthatdrivingthroughalightthatjustturnedredwhentheycouldhavestoppedisunacceptablebehavior,43%admittedtodoingsointhepastmonth.
Theseexampleshighlightdiscordancebetweenmotorists'trafficsafetyculturebeliefsandconcernsandactualdrivingbehaviors.
Summarizedinthisreportarethemajornational-levelresultsoftheFoundation's10thannualTrafficSafetyCultureIndex.
5SummaryofMajorFindingsGeneralMorethan1in5(21.
4%)driversreporthavingbeeninvolvedinamotorvehiclecrashinwhichsomeonehadtogotothehospital,including11.
1%whohavebeenseriouslyinjuredinacrashthemselves.
Nearly1in3(31.
6%)driversreporthavinghadarelativewhowasseriouslyinjuredorkilledinamotorvehiclecrash.
Mostdrivers(87.
5%)perceivethatdistracteddriversareabiggerproblemtodaythaninpastyears.
Moreover,distracteddrivingoutpacedallotherissuesasagrowingconcern.
Itwasfollowedbytrafficcongestionat74.
5%,aggressivedriversat68.
1%,driversusingdrugsat54.
9%anddrunkdrivingat43.
4%.
DistractedDrivingCellphoneusewhiledrivingiscommon.
Inthepastmonth,60.
5%ofdriverstalkedonahands-freecellphonewhile49.
1%talkedonahand-heldcellphone.
Driversaremoreacceptingofhands-freecellphoneuse(69.
0%)thanhand-heldcellphoneuse(24.
6%)whiledriving.
Moreviewdriverstextingoremailingwhiledrivingasaseriousthreat(96.
8%)thandriverstalkingoncellphones(87.
7%).
However,inthepast30days,44.
9%ofdriversreadatextmessageoremailwhiledrivingand34.
6%ofdriverstypedorsentatextmessageoremailwhiledriving.
Amajorityofrespondents(87.
6%)supportlegislationagainstreading,typingorsendingatextmessageoremailand73.
4%ofdriverssupporthavingalawagainstusingahand-heldcellphonewhiledriving.
However,only40.
9%supportanoutrightbanonusinganytypeofcellphone(includinghands-free)whiledriving.
RiskyandAggressiveDrivingBehaviorsSpeedingonfreewaysandonresidentialstreetsisprevalent.
Halfofdrivers(50.
3%)reporteddriving15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreewayand47.
6%reporteddriving10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreet.
Thereisgreatersocialdisapprovalforspeedingonaresidentialstreetthanonfreeways.
Only23.
9%ofdriversbelievethatdriving15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreewayiscompletelyorsomewhatacceptablewhileonly14.
0%ofmotoristsdeemdriving10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreetasacceptable.
Alargeportionofdrivers(42.
7%)admittedtodrivingthroughastoplightthathasjustturnedredwhentheycouldhavestoppedsafelyinthepast30days,despitemostdrivers(92.
9%)viewingitasanunacceptablebehavior.
Inconjunctionwiththis,anoverwhelmingmajority(91.
4%)ofdriversperceiverunningredlightsasaseriousorsomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety.
DrowsyDriving42.
4%ofdrivershaveatleastoneormoredayswhentheygetlessthansixhoursofsleepinatypicalweek.
6Themajorityofmotoristsviewdrowsydrivingasaseriousorsomewhatseriousthreattotheirsafety(87.
9%)andanunacceptablebehavior(95.
2%);yetaround3in10(30.
8%)admittodrivingwhentheyweresotiredthattheyhadahardtimekeepingtheireyesopenatsomepointinthepastmonth.
ImpairedDrivingAnoverwhelmingmajorityofdriversconsiderdrivingafterdrinkingalcoholaseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety(94.
3%).
However,13.
5%reporteddrivingatleastonceinthepastyearwhentheythoughttheiralcohollevelsmighthavebeenclosetoorpossiblyoverthelegallimit.
Amajorityofdrivers(90.
8%)perceivepeopledrivingafterusingillegaldrugstobeeitheraveryseriousthreatorasomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety.
Mostrespondentssupportedrequiringalcohol-ignitioninterlocksfordriversconvictedofDWI,evenforfirsttimeoffenders(79.
9%);requiringbuilt-ininterlocksforallnewvehicles(73.
0%)andhavingaperselawformarijuana(82.
9%).
7DataCollectionMethodologyandLimitationsSamplingAswithpreviousyears,asampleofrespondentsages16andolderwasrecruitedfromKnowledgePanel,anonlineresearchpanelrecruitedandmaintainedbyGfK.
Thepanelconsistsofmembersofarepresentativesampleofhouseholdsthatwererecruitedusingstandardprobability-basedrandomdigitdial(RDD)andaddress-basedsamplingmethods(GfK,2013).
ThesamplingframeincludesallU.
S.
householdsreachablebytelephoneorbyregularmail,irrespectiveoftelephoneorinternetaccessoruse.
Ifasampledhouseholdlacksinternetaccessoraninternet-capablecomputer,GfKprovidesinternetaccessandanetbookcomputeratnocosttothehousehold.
IndividualsnotsampledbyGfKcannotvolunteertojointhepanel.
Becauseeachindividualrespondent'sprobabilityofselectionintothepanelandprobabilityofselectionforaparticularsurveyareknown,statisticscanbeweightedtoreflecttheentirepopulationfromwhichthesamplewasdrawn.
Sampledpanelistsreceivedaninvitationtocompletethesurvey,whichwasmadeavailableinEnglishandSpanish.
ThesurveywasadministeredbetweenOctober14andNovember17,2017.
Respondentsages19andolderweresampleddirectlyfromthemembershipofthepanelacrossthenineU.
S.
CensusBureaudivisions,withatargetofaminimumof200completedinterviewsperdivision.
Thequestionnairewassentto3,927panelistsages19andolderofwhich2,402completedthequestionnaire.
Respondentsages16-18wererecruitedindirectlyfromasampleofpanelmemberswhoseexistinghouseholdinformationindicatedthattherewereparentsofatleastoneteeninthisagerange.
Sampledparentswereaskedtoconfirmthattheyhadaneligibleteen,provideconsentfortheteentobeincludedinthesurveyandforwardthesurveytotheteen.
Ifaparenthadmorethanoneeligibleteen,onewasselectedrandomlybyacomputeralgorithm.
Invitationsweresentto3,396parentsofteensages16-18and972respondentscompletedthequestionnaire.
WeightingThedatawereweightedaccordingtoanumberoffactors:(1)probabilityofselectionforrecruitmentintoKnowledgePanel,(2)probabilityofselectionforthissurveyand(3)nonresponseatbothstages.
Weightingalsoalignedthecharacteristicsoftherespondentstothoseofthepopulationofresidentsages16orolderfromwhichthesamplewasdrawnwithrespecttogender,age,race/Hispanicethnicity,education,censusregion,metropolitan/non-metrostatus,numberofpeopleages16andolderinthehouseholdandhouseholdincomeusingdatafromtheU.
S.
CensusBureau'sCurrentPopulationSurvey(U.
S.
CensusBureau,2016).
Allanalyseswerebasedonweighteddata.
LimitationsThepurposeoftheTrafficSafetyCultureIndex(TSCI)istoestimatetheprevalenceofspecificattitudesandbehaviorsamongalldriversintheUnitedStates.
However,theresultsofthissurveymayhavesome8deviationcomparedwiththedrivingpopulationduetosamplingerrorandvariouspossiblesourcesofbias.
Samplingerrorreflectstheextenttowhichestimatesderivedfromasample(e.
g.
,thissampleof2,613drivers)mightbeexpectedtodifferfromtheresultsthatwouldbeobtainedifthesamedatawerecollectedfromeverymemberofthepopulation(i.
e.
,alldriversintheUnitedStates).
Thecurrentresultsarereportedatthe95%confidencelevel;thus,rangeestimatesareprovidedthatareexpectedtoincludetheactualpopulationvalue95timesoutof100whenestimatedfromasampleofthesamesizeandwiththesamedesign.
Theresultingmarginoferrorvariesdependingonthenumberofrespondentswhoansweredaparticularquestionaswellasthedistributionoftheresponses.
Table1showstheapproximatemarginoferrorforillustrativeexamplesofstatisticsderivedfromtheentiresample;themarginoferrorwouldbelargerforitemswithfewerrespondents.
Table1.
Approximatemarginoferror(inpercentagepoints)forselectedpercentages,atthe95%confidencelevelPercentagesnearApprox.
marginoferror90or10±1.
480or20±1.
970or30±2.
160or40±2.
350±2.
3Duetothedesignofthepanelandthestratificationbycensusdivisionandoversamplingofrespondentsages16-18,themarginoferrorislargerinthissurveythanforasimplerandomsampleofthesamesize.
However,becausetheprobabilityoftheselectionisknown,thestatisticsareweightedtoreflecttheentirepopulationfromwhichthesamplewasdrawn.
Themarginoferrorreflectsonlythestatisticalvariabilityassociatedwithusingthesurveysampletodrawinferencesabouttheentirepopulation.
Itdoesnotreflecterrorsattributabletobias.
Potentialsourcesofbiasinsurveysincludesystematicnon-coverageofcertainsegmentsofthepopulation(e.
g.
,peoplewhocannotreadinEnglishnorinSpanish),nonresponse(i.
e.
,eligiblerespondentswhoeithercannotbecontactedorrefusetoparticipate),differencesinrespondents'understandingofsurveyquestionsorresponseoptionsordeliberatemisreportingofinformation(e.
g.
,underreportingofbehaviorsthatmaybeperceivedasundesirable).
Thisreportsummarizesthemainnational-levelresultsoftheTSCIsurvey.
Thedescriptivestatisticsprovidedinthisreportwerecalculatedforrespondentswhoreportedhavingavaliddriver'slicenseandhavingdriveninthepast30days.
Thisreportwillrefertotheserespondentsasdrivers.
Inaddition,rowpercentagesmaynotequal100%becausenonresponsesandrefusalswereomittedonthetables.
Thisreportfocusesoncertainthemessuchasdistracteddriving,whichincludescellphoneusewhiledrivingandtextingwhiledriving;riskyandaggressivebehaviorsuchasspeedingandrunningredlights;drowsydrivingandimpaireddrivingbehaviorincludingalcohol-impaireddrivinganddrug-impaireddriving.
9OverallResultsTheresultsofthe2017TSCIstudyarepresentedinseveralsections.
Thefirstsectioncoverstheoverallresultsrelatedtotheperceivedmagnitudeandvisibilityoftheproblem,supportofsafetylawsandacceptabilityofcertaintrafficbehaviors,threatstopersonalsafetyandtraffic-relatedbehaviors.
Thesearedescribedinthecontextofthreefocusareas:1)distracteddriving,includingcellphoneuseandtextingoremailing,2)riskyandaggressivedriving,whichincludesspeedingandrunningredlightsand3)drivingwhiledrowsyorimpairedbyalcoholorotherdrugs.
Theremainingsectionsmorecloselyexaminethethreefocusareasconsideringrelevantdemographicfactorssuchasageandsex.
Thediscussionsectionpresentsacomparisonofdrivers'beliefswiththeirbehaviors.
PersonalImpactofMotorVehicleCrashesAlargeportionofdrivershavebeenaffectedinsomewaybyaseriousmotorvehiclecrashatsomepointintheirlives.
Morethan1in5drivers(21.
4%)reporthavingbeeninvolvedinamotorvehiclecrashinwhichsomeonehadtogotothehospital,including11.
1%whohavebeenseriouslyinjuredinacrashthemselves.
Nearly1in3drivers(31.
6%)reporthavinghadarelativewhowasseriouslyinjuredorkilledinamotorvehiclecrash.
PerceivedMagnitudeoftheProblemComparedWithThreeYearsAgoParticipantswereaskedtoreporthowmuchofaproblemcertaintrafficrelatedissuesaretoday,comparedwiththreeyearsago.
Trafficissuesincludedtrafficcongestion,distracteddriving,riskyandaggressivedrivingandalcoholanddruguseanddriving.
Participantswereaskedwhethereachissuewasamuchbiggerissuetodaythanthreeyearsago,asomewhatbiggerproblem,aboutthesame,asomewhatsmallerissueoramuchsmallerissue.
Whenaskedhowmuchofaproblemeachtrafficrelatedissueistodaycomparedwiththreeyearsago,mostdrivers(87.
5%)perceivethatdistracteddrivingisasomewhatormuchbiggerproblemtoday,with11.
1%perceivingitasthesameasitwasthreeyearsago,asshowninTable2.
Moreover,distracteddrivingoutpacedallotherissuesasagrowingconcern.
Itwasfollowedbytrafficcongestionat74.
5%,aggressivedriversat68.
1%,driversusingdrugsat54.
9%anddrunkdriving.
Table2.
Pleasetellushowmuchofaproblemeachoftheissuesbelowistodaycomparedwiththreeyearsago.
(N=2,613)Muchbiggerproblemtoday(%)Somewhatbiggerproblemtoday(%)Aboutthesame(%)Somewhatsmallerproblemtoday(%)Muchsmallerproblemtoday(%)Distracteddrivers63.
923.
611.
10.
50.
7Aggressivedrivers39.
228.
929.
61.
20.
9Drunkdriving22.
221.
248.
36.
81.
3Driversusingdrugs29.
525.
442.
12.
00.
8Trafficcongestion41.
133.
423.
40.
91.
0Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
population10Lessthanhalfofparticipants(43.
4%)perceiveddrunkdrivingtobeamuchbiggerproblemorasomewhatbiggerproblemthanthreeyearsago.
Morethananyotherissue,drunkdrivingwasconsideredtobemostsimilarinproblemmagnitudeasthreeyearsago.
VisibilityofTrafficBehaviorsDriverswereaskedhowoftentheyobservedacertaindriverbehaviorontheroadwithinthelastmonth.
Driversrespondedwhethertheysawthebehaviorregularly,fairlyoften,rarely,justonceornever.
Table3showsthatthemajorityofdriversobservedistracteddrivingoftenontheroads.
Morethan9in10drivers(92.
8%)reportseeingdriverstalkingoncellphonesregularlyorfairlyoftenwhile84%ofdriversreportseeingdriverstextmessagingoremailingregularlyorfairlyoften.
Speedingonfreewayswasthemostvisiblebehavior;93.
3%ofrespondentsreportedobservingitregularlyorfairlyoften.
Speedingonresidentialstreetswasreportedregularlyorfairlyoftenby85.
5%ofrespondents.
Only28.
0%ofdriversreportedseeingdriverswhoappearedtobeundertheinfluenceofdrugsandalcohol.
Fiftypercentsaytheyrarelysawthisbehaviorwhile16.
3%neversawitinthepreviousmonth.
Drowsydrivingwasnotoftenobservedbyrespondentsinthepreviousmonth;26.
1%ofdriversreportedtheysawitregularlyorfairlyoften.
Table3.
Inthepastmonth,howoftenhaveyouseenthefollowingbehaviorsontheroad(N=2,613)RegularlyFairlyoftenRarelyJustonceNeverDriverstalkingoncellphones64.
828.
05.
80.
50.
9Driverstextmessagingoremailing48.
935.
111.
31.
43.
1Peopledrivingaggressively42.
640.
913.
11.
61.
5Driversspeedingonfreeways65.
527.
84.
60.
61.
2Driversspeedingonresidentialstreets44.
840.
712.
20.
51.
5Driversrunningredlights20.
031.
535.
55.
67.
2Driverswhoappeartobedrowsy6.
020.
151.
74.
217.
7Driverswhoappeartobeundertheinfluenceofalcoholand/orotherdrugs7.
720.
350.
05.
416.
3Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationSupportforSafetyCountermeasuresRegardingthesupportofspecificsafetycountermeasures,themajorityofdriverstendtosupportmosttrafficsafetylaws(Table4).
Forexample,73.
4%ofdriverssupportlawsagainstusinghand-heldcellphoneswhiledrivingand87.
6%ofdriverssupportalawagainstreading,typingandsendingatextmessagewhiledriving.
Thereareafewexceptions,however,suchaslawsusingcamerastoautomaticallyticketdriverswhodrivemorethan10mphoverthespeedlimitinaresidentialarea,withalittlemorethanhalfofdriversstronglyorsomewhatopposedtoit.
Inaddition,alawagainstusinganytypeofcellphone(whetherhand-heldorhands-free),isrelativelyunpopular,with58.
4%ofdriversopposingit.
11Table4.
Howstronglydoyousupportoroppose(N=2,613)SupportstronglySupportsomewhatOpposesomewhatOpposestronglyHavingalawagainstreading,typingorsendingatextmessageoremailwhiledriving61.
626.
08.
23.
3Havingalawagainstusingahand-heldcellphonewhiledriving,foralldriversregardlessoftheirage44.
329.
118.
27.
7Havingalawagainstusinganytypeofcellphonewhiledriving,hand-heldorhands-free,foralldriversregardlessoftheirage20.
320.
632.
226.
2HavingalawrequiringalldriverswhohavebeenconvictedofDWItouseadevicethatwon'tlettheircarstartiftheyhavebeendrinking,evenifit'stheirfirsttimebeingconvictedofDWI50.
529.
414.
54.
9Requiringallnewcarstohaveabuilt-intechnologythatwon'tletthecarstartifthedriver'salcohollevelisoverthelegallimit45.
427.
616.
49.
9Usingcamerastoautomaticallyticketdriverswhodrivemorethan10mphoverthespeedlimitonresidentialstreets22.
325.
925.
325.
6Usingcamerastoautomaticallyticketdriverswhorunredlightsonresidentialstreets30.
029.
120.
419.
8Havingalawrequiringallmotorcycleriderstowearahelmet62.
319.
910.
86.
3Havingalawmakingitillegaltodrivewithmorethanacertainamountofmarijuanainyoursystem55.
927.
010.
75.
7Havingalawagainstdrivingwithnosleepinthepast24hours37.
831.
221.
28.
9Loweringthelimitforadriver'sbloodalcoholconcentrationfrom0.
08to0.
05g/dLa31.
332.
419.
916.
0Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationAcceptabilityofTrafficBehaviorsParticipantswereaskedtoreporthowacceptableeachtrafficrelatedbehavioris:completelyacceptable,somewhatacceptable,somewhatunacceptableandcompletelyunacceptable.
Trafficbehaviorsidentifiedwere:talkingonahand-heldphonewhiledriving,talkingonahands-freephonewhiledriving,readingatextoremailmessagewhiledriving,driving15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreeway,driving10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreet,runningaredlight,drivingwithoutaseatbelt,drowsyorfatigueddriving,drunkdrivinganddrivingafterusingmarijuana.
Therearedifferencesinthetypeofdistractedbehaviordriversdeemasacceptable.
Table5showshowacceptableeachdrivingbehavioristodrivers.
Morethan2in3drivers(69.
0%)seetalkingonahands-freephonewhiledrivingasacceptablewhileonlyaroundaquarter(24.
6%)ofdriversseetalkingona12hand-heldcellphoneasacceptable.
Withrespecttotextingandemailingwhiledriving,only6.
8%ofdriversconsiderreadingatextore-mailingwhiledrivingasacceptableandonly3.
8%ofdriversconsidertypingorsendingatextmessageasacceptable.
Table5.
Howacceptabledoyou,personally,feelitisforadriverto…(N=2,613)CompletelyacceptableSomewhatacceptableSomewhatunacceptableCompletelyunacceptableTalkonahand-heldcellphonewhiledriving4.
919.
728.
746.
1Talkonahands-freephonewhiledriving29.
339.
718.
012.
6Readatextmessageoremailwhiledriving1.
35.
524.
568.
3Typeorsendtextmessageoremailwhiledriving1.
12.
717.
278.
4Drive15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreeway4.
319.
633.
542.
0Drive10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreet2.
211.
829.
955.
6Drivethroughalightthatjustturnedred,whentheycouldhavestoppedsafely1.
65.
528.
164.
3Drivewithoutwearingtheirseatbelt5.
18.
422.
463.
7Drivewhenthey'resosleepythattheyhavetroublekeepingtheireyesopen1.
52.
920.
374.
9Driveafterdrinkingalcohol1.
04.
819.
374.
4Driveaftersmokingorusingmarijuana2.
38.
023.
365.
8Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationTherearealsodifferencesinthelevelofacceptabilitybasedonthelocationwherespeedingoccurs.
Forexample,aroundaquarter(23.
9%)ofdriversdeemdriving15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreewayasacceptablebutonly14.
0%ofdriversdeemdriving10mphoverthespeedlimitinaresidentialstreetasacceptable.
Theacceptabilityofimpaireddrivingalsovariesbythetypeorsourceofimpairment.
Only5.
8%ofdriversdeemdrivingafterdrinkingalcoholasanacceptablebehaviorwhile10.
3%ofdriversseedrivingaftersmokingorusingmarijuanaascompletelyorsomewhatacceptable.
ThreatstoPersonalSafetyParticipantswereaskedhowmuchofathreattotheirpersonalsafetycertaintrafficbehaviorsare.
Trafficrelatedbehaviorsincludeddriverstalkingoncellphones,textmessagingoremailing,drivingafterdrinkingalcohol,drivingaggressively,speedingonfreewaysandonresidentialstreets,runningredlights,drivingwhilesleepyorfatiguedanddrivingafterusingdrugs,whetherprescriptionorillegalones.
Basedondriverresponsesforeachyear,alargemajorityofdriversseeseachtrafficrelatedbehaviorasathreattotheirpersonalsafety.
Intermsofimpaireddriving,driversoverallperceivepeopledrivingafterusingprescriptiondrugsasconsiderablylessthreateningtotheirpersonalsafetythanpeopledrivingafterusingillegaldrugs(Table6).
Alittlemorethan3outof4(78.
1%)driversperceivepeopledrivingafterusingprescriptiondrugsas13averyseriousorsomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety,whilearound9in10(90.
8%)perceivepeopledrivingafterusingillegaldrugsasaveryseriousorsomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety.
Table6.
Howmuchofathreattoyourpersonalsafetyare.
.
.
(N=2,613)VeryseriousthreatSomewhatseriousthreatMinorthreatNotathreatatallDriverstalkingoncellphones57.
530.
211.
50.
7Driverstextmessagingoremailing77.
619.
22.
80.
2Peopledrivingaggressively58.
333.
27.
60.
7Driversspeedingonfreeways44.
934.
418.
51.
9Driversspeedingonresidentialstreets55.
133.
110.
61.
0Driversrunningredlights66.
225.
27.
80.
7Sleepydrivers54.
93311.
10.
8Peopledrivingafterdrinkingalcohol73.
520.
85.
00.
5Peopledrivingafterusingillegaldrugs68.
222.
68.
20.
8Peopledrivingafterusingprescriptiondrugs42.
535.
619.
22.
5Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationDriverstextmessagingoremailingisthemostcitedthreattopersonalsafetyamongdriverswith96.
8%sayingthatitisaveryseriousthreatorasomewhatseriousthreat.
Thepercentageofrespondentswhosaidtextmessagingoremailingwhiledrivingisaseriousthreatexceedsthepercentagewhoconsiderdrivingafterdrinkingalcoholaseriousthreat(94.
3%).
TrafficRelatedBehaviorsinthePast30DaysDriverswereaskedtoreporthowoftentheyengagedinanyriskydrivingbehaviorsinthepast30days.
Behaviorsthatwereaskedaboutincludedtalkingonahand-heldphonewhiledriving,talkingonahands-freephonewhiledriving,readingatextoremailmessagewhiledriving,driving15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreeway,driving10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreet,runningaredlight,drivingwithoutaseatbelt,drowsyorfatigueddriving,drunkdrivinganddrivingafterusingmarijuana.
Participantswereaskedwhethertheydidthisregularly,fairlyoften,rarely,justonceornever.
Despiteperceivedthreatsandlowerlevelsofacceptance,aconsiderableproportionofdriversstilladmittoengaginginthesebehaviors.
Table7showshowoftendriversengagedindifferentbehaviorsintheprevious30days.
Alittlemorethan60percentofdriversreportedtalkingonahands-freephonewhiledrivinginthepastmonthwhilealmosthalf(49.
2%)reportedtalkingonahand-heldphone.
Forty-fivepercentofdriversreadatextoremailmessagewhiledrivingand34.
6%typedorsentatextmessageoremail.
Comparatively,thepercentageofdriverswhodrovewithoutseatbeltsinthepreviousmonthwaslow(18.
5%).
14Table7.
Inthepast30days,howoftenhaveyou…(N=2,613)RegularlyFairlyoftenRarelyJustonceNeverReadatextmessageoremailwhileyouweredriving3.
69.
523.
58.
454.
7Typedorsentatextmessageoremailwhileyouweredriving3.
26.
819.
25.
464.
9Talkedonahand-heldphonewhileyouweredriving4.
59.
326.
98.
550.
7Talkedonahands-freephonewhileyouweredriving13.
820.
921.
34.
439.
3Driven15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreeway4.
913.
925.
66.
049.
6Driven10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreet3.
59.
427.
86.
852.
2Driventhroughalightthathadjustturnedredwhenyoucouldhavestoppedsafely1.
93.
122.
71557.
1Drivenwithoutwearingyourseatbelt3.
33.
58.
92.
881.
2Drivenwhenyouweresotiredthatyouhadahardtimekeepingyoureyesopen1.
32.
916.
89.
969.
1Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationDistractedDrivingDistracteddrivingbehaviors,includinghand-heldandhand-freecellphoneuseandtextingoremailing,arefairlywidespread.
AsshowninTable8,inthe30dayspriortothesurvey,60.
5%ofdriverstalkedonahands-freecellphone,49.
1%talkedonahand-heldcellphone,44.
9%ofdriversreadatextmessageoremailwhiledrivingand34.
6%ofdriverstypedorsentatextmessageoremailwhiledriving.
Table8.
Proportionofdriverswhoreporteddistracteddrivingbehaviorsatleastonceinthepast30days(N=2,613)Talkedonahands-freecellphoneTalkedonahand-heldcellphoneReadatextmessageoremailTyped/sentatextmessageoremailAlldrivers60.
549.
144.
934.
6Agegroup16-1853.
151.
152.
037.
919-2466.
257.
354.
942.
325-3966.
955.
462.
255.
040-5964.
450.
548.
235.
660-7453.
240.
624.
513.
975+33.
735.
211.
47.
2GenderMale60.
851.
044.
232.
9Female60.
347.
345.
736.
2Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationCellphoneUseMostdriversconsiderusingacellphonewhiledrivingandtextingoremailingwhiledrivingtobeathreattotheirsafety.
Amongparticipants,87.
7%considereddriverstalkingoncellphonestobeaveryseriousorsomewhatseriousthreat.
Table9presentstheproportionofdriversbyageandsexwhoseedistracteddrivingasathreat.
Thereweregenderdifferencesintheperceivedthreatofusingaphonewhiledriving.
Nearly9in10females(90.
8%)consideredphoneusewhiledrivingasasomewhatorvery15seriousthreattotheirpersonalsafetywhile84.
4%ofmalesconsidereditasomewhatorveryseriousthreat.
Table9.
Proportionofdriverswhoreportedperceivingdistracteddrivingbehaviorsasasomewhatorveryseriousthreat(N=2,613)DriverstalkingoncellphonesDriverstextmessagingoremailing(%)(%)Alldrivers87.
796.
8Agegroup16-1883.
195.
719-2476.
394.
325-3984.
496.
040-5987.
997.
660-7492.
797.
675+94.
395.
1GenderMale84.
495.
6Female90.
897.
9Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationAlthoughcellphoneusagewasreportedasaprevalentthreattopersonalsafety,thereweredifferencesinthelevelofacceptabilityacrossmodesofvoicecalling.
Table10illustratestheproportionofdriverswhofoundcertainpotentiallydistractingbehaviorsasacceptablewhiledriving.
Morethan2outof3drivers(69.
0%)considereditcompletelyorsomewhatacceptabletotalkonahands-freephonewhiledrivingwhileonly24.
6%indicatedthatitisacceptabletotalkonahand-heldcellphonewhiledriving.
Table10.
Proportionofdriverswhorateddistracteddrivingbehaviorsascompletelyorsomewhatacceptable(N=2,613)ReadatextmessageoremailwhiledrivingTypeorsendatextmessageoremailwhiledrivingTalkonahand-heldcellphonewhiledrivingTalkonahands-freephonewhiledrivingAlldrivers6.
83.
924.
669.
0Agegroup16-1811.
06.
434.
278.
919-247.
83.
424.
772.
125-3912.
16.
232.
671.
440-595.
33.
226.
172.
260-743.
52.
316.
263.
575+1.
72.
85.
749.
6GenderMale8.
54.
525.
370.
0Female5.
23.
324.
068.
0Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationTheseoutcomesmirrorthetrendinhowmuchdriverssupportoropposehavinglawsagainstcellphoneuse.
Forexample,73.
4%ofdriverssupportedlawsagainstahand-heldcellphonewhiledriving;however,only40.
9%ofdriverssupportedlawsagainstusinganytypeofcellphone,whetherhand-heldorhands-free(seeTable4).
16TextMessagingandEmailingMostdrivers(96.
8%)considertextmessagingoremailingasabiggerthreatthandriverstalkingoncellphones(87.
7%)(Table9).
Thelevelofperceivedthreatmirrorswhatdriversbelieveisacceptable,with6.
8%ofdriverssayingthatreadingatextmessageoremailwhiledrivingisacceptableandonly3.
9%ofdriverssayingthattypingatextmessageoremailingwhiledrivingisacceptable(Table10).
Whenaskedwhethertheystronglysupportoropposelegislationagainstreading,typingorsendingatextmessageoremailwhiledriving,anoverwhelming87.
6%supportitwith61.
6%stronglysupportingit(Table4).
Despitethisbeliefinacceptabilityandperceivedthreatregardingreadingandwritingtextmessagesandemailswhiledriving,44.
9%ofdriversadmittedtoreadingatextmessageoremailwhiledrivinginthe30dayspriortothesurveyand34.
6%typedorsentatextoremail(Table8).
Self-reportedbeliefsaboutacceptanceandthreatsandself-reportedbehaviorabouttextingandemailingwhiledrivingvariesbyageandsex.
Table8showsthatthoseages25-39havethehighestproportionwhoreporttheyhavereadtextmessagesoremailswhiledriving(62.
2%)andtyped/senttextmessageswhiledriving(55.
0%).
Driversages19-24followcloselybehindwith54.
9%and42.
3%,respectively.
Driversages75andolder,byawidemargin,havethelowestproportionofdriverswhoreadtextsoremails(11.
4%)ortypeorsendtextsoremails(7.
2%)whiledriving.
Ahigherpercentageoffemales(36.
2%)reporttypingorsendingtextmessagesoremailsthanmales(32.
9%).
RiskyandAggressiveDrivingBehaviorsAround2in3drivers(68.
1%)perceivethataggressivedrivingisamuchbiggerorsomewhatbiggerproblemtodaythanitwasthreeyearsago(Table2),with91.
5%ofalldriverssayingthatpeopledrivingaggressivelyposeathreattotheirpersonalsafety(Table6).
SpeedingSpeedingonfreewaysandresidentialstreetsisprevalent.
Abouthalfofdrivers(50.
3%)reporteddriving15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreeway,with18.
8%reportingthattheydiditfairlyoftentoregularlyinthepastmonth.
Table11showstheproportionofdriverswho,atleastoncewithinthepast30days,engagedincertainbehaviorsincludingspeeding,drivingthrougharedlightordrivingwithoutaseatbelt.
17Table11.
Proportionofdriverswhoreportedbehaviorsatleastonceinthepast30days(N=2,613)Drove15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreewayDrove10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreetDrovethroughalightthathadjustturnedredwhenyoucouldhavestoppedsafelyDrovewithoutwearingyourseatbeltAlldrivers50.
347.
642.
718.
6Agegroup16-1838.
149.
734.
011.
919-2454.
552.
745.
618.
625-3955.
353.
243.
926.
040-5950.
346.
043.
517.
560-7446.
442.
641.
813.
575+45.
044.
937.
815.
3GenderMale54.
150.
245.
421.
4Female46.
745.
140.
215.
9Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationAdditionally,47.
6%reporteddriving10mphoverthespeedlimitinaresidentialarea,with12.
9%indicatingthattheydiditfairlyoftenorregularly,overthepast30days.
Despitethehighproportionofindividualswhodriveoverthespeedlimit,theproportionofindividualswhodeemthisbehavioracceptableisrelativelysmall(Table12).
Only23.
9%ofdriversbelievethatdriving15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreewayiscompletelyorsomewhatacceptableandasmallerproportionofpeople(14.
0%)deemdriving10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreettobeacceptable.
Table12.
Proportionofdriverswhoratedriskydrivingbehaviorsascompletelyorsomewhatacceptable(N=2,613)Driving15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreewayDriving10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialstreetDrivingwithoutwearingaseatbeltDrivingthroughalightthatjustturnedredwhentheycouldhavestoppedAlldrivers23.
914.
013.
57.
1Agegroup16-1823.
718.
210.
57.
319-2430.
216.
49.
17.
525-3929.
518.
516.
69.
840-5922.
914.
015.
36.
460-7420.
19.
410.
25.
475+13.
07.
36.
74.
4GenderMale26.
515.
816.
86.
5Female21.
412.
410.
57.
6Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
population18Table13showsthatmajorityofdrivers,around4in5(79.
3%),indicatedthatdriversspeedingonfreewaysposeaveryseriousorsomewhatseriousthreattotheirsafety,whileagreaterpercentage(88.
2%)indicatedthattheyseedriversspeedingonresidentialstreetsasaveryseriousorsomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety.
Table13.
Proportionofdriverswhoreportedperceivingriskydrivingbehaviorsasasomewhatorveryseriousthreat(N=2,613)PeopledrivingaggressivelyDriversspeedingonfreewaysDriversspeedingonresidentialstreetsDriversrunningredlightsAlldrivers91.
579.
388.
291.
4Agegroup16-1890.
676.
785.
491.
719-2494.
066.
888.
786.
625-3990.
277.
887.
892.
640-5991.
279.
188.
791.
260-7493.
383.
489.
091.
675+90.
584.
584.
890.
0GenderMale87.
971.
585.
089.
1Female94.
986.
691.
393.
6Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationTheproportionofdriverswhosupporthavingcamerasautomaticallyticketdriverswhospeedmorethan10mphinaresidentialsettingisonlyafractionofthosewhoseethebehaviorasapersonalthreat.
Only48.
2%ofdriverseitherstronglysupportorsomewhatsupportusingcamerastoautomaticallyticketpeopledrivingmorethan10mphinaresidentialsetting(Table4).
Acrosssexandage,therearedifferencesinself-reportedbeliefsaboutacceptance,threatsandself-reportedbehaviorregardingspeeding.
Table12showsthatdriversages25-39havethesecondhighestproportionofdriverswhoconsiderspeedingonfreewaystobeacceptable(29.
5%)andthehighestproportionofdriverswhodeemspeedingonresidentialstreetstobeacceptable(18.
5%).
Notsurprisingly,thisagegroupalsohasthehighestproportionofdriverswhoadmittospeeding15mphoverthespeedlimitonafreeway(55.
3%)andofdriverswhodrive10mphoverthespeedlimitonaresidentialroad(53.
2%,seeTable11).
Inbothcases,driversages75andolderwerelesslikelytodeemspeedingasacceptable:Only13.
0%believedthatdriving15mphoverthespeedlimitonfreewaysisacceptableandonly7.
3%believedthatitisacceptabletodrive10mphoverthelimitonresidentialroads(seeTable12).
Malesweremorelikelytofindspeedingonbothfreeways(26.
5%)andresidentialroads(15.
8%)acceptablethanfemales,ofwhom21.
4%foundspeedingonfreewaysacceptableand12.
4%foundspeedingonresidentialroadsacceptable(seeTable12).
Inturn,thepercentageofmaleswhoreportspeedingonfreeways(54.
1%)ishigherthanforfemales(46.
7%).
Thisalsoholdstrueforspeedingonresidentialroadswithhalfofmaledrivers(50.
2%)reportingdoingsocomparedwith45.
1%offemaledrivers(Table11).
19Red-LightRunningThemajorityofdriversfindthatdrivingthroughalightthatjustturnedredwhentheycouldhavestoppedsafelyisanunacceptablebehavior(92.
9%).
Only7.
1%ofdriversfounditeithercompletelyacceptableorsomewhatacceptable(seeTable12).
Anoverwhelmingmajority(91.
4%)ofdriversperceivedriversrunningredlightsasaseriousorasomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety(seeTable13).
Despitethis,arelativelylargeportionofdrivers(42.
7%)admittedtodrivingthroughastoplightthathadjustturnedredwhentheycouldhavestoppedsafelyinthepast30days.
About1in4drivers(27.
7%)reporthavingdonethismorethanonce,with5.
0%reportingdoingthisfairlyoftenorregularly(seeTable7).
Inaddition,regardlessofthefactthatanoverwhelmingmajorityofdriversseered-lightrunningasathreattotheirsafetyandanunacceptablebehavior,only59.
1%supportusingcamerastoautomaticallyticketdriverswhorunredlightsonresidentialstreets.
Driversages19-24weretheleastlikelytoseered-lightrunningasathreat(86.
6%).
Thisagegroupisalsomorelikelytohavedriventhroughastoplightthathasjustturnedredwhentheycouldhavesafelystopped(45.
6%)comparedwithotheragegroups(seeTable13andTable11).
DrowsyandImpairedDrivingDrowsyDrivingOnatypicalweek,driversreportanaverageof1.
3dayswheretheygetlessthansixhoursofsleep.
Morethanhalfofdrivers,or57.
6%,typicallydonotgetlessthansixhoursofsleepduringtheweek.
Thismeansthat42.
4%ofdriversreportatleastoneormoredayswheretheygetlessthansixhoursofsleepinatypicalweek.
Table14showsthatalmostathirdofdrivers(30.
8%)reporteddrivingwhentheyweresotiredthattheycouldbarelykeeptheireyesopeninthepast30days.
Table14.
Proportionofdriverswhoreporteddrivingwhiledrowsyatleastonceinthepast30days(N=2,613)Drivenwhenyouweresotiredthatyouhadahardtimekeepingyoureyesopen(%)Alldrivers30.
8Agegroup16-1824.
819-2438.
325-3934.
540-5930.
360-7427.
375+27.
6GenderMale31.
4Female30.
2Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
population20Despitethesefigures,only4.
5%ofdriversfindthisbehavioracceptable(seeTable16below)while87.
9%ofdriversfindthatsleepydriversareeitheraveryseriousthreatorasomewhatseriousthreatasshowninTable15.
Table15.
Proportionofdriverswhoreportedperceivingdrowsydriversasasomewhatorveryseriousthreat(N=2,613)Sleepydrivers(%)Alldrivers87.
9Agegroup16-1885.
719-2485.
025-3991.
040-5987.
560-7487.
675+82.
2GenderMale84.
1Female91.
6Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationInaddition,morethantwo-thirdsofdrivers(69.
0%)eitherstronglysupportorsomewhatsupporthavingalawagainstdrivingwithnosleepwithinthepast24hours(seeTable4).
The25-39agegrouphadthehighestproportion(91.
0%)ofrespondentswhoconsiderdrowsydriversasathreattotheirpersonalsafety(seeTable15).
However,asshowninTable16,thisgroupalsohadthehighestproportion–albeitasmallone–ofrespondentswhoperceivedrowsydrivingasacceptable,at5.
7%.
Intermsoftheproportionofdriverswhoreporteddrivingwhentheyweresotiredthattheyhadahardtimekeepingtheireyesopen,34.
5%ofdriversinthisagegroupreportedaffirmatively,secondonlytodrivers19-24,where38.
3%ofdriversreporteddrivingwhiletiredorsleepy(Table14).
Table16.
Proportionofdriverswhorateddrowsydrivingascompletelyorsomewhatacceptable(N=2,613)Drivingwhentheyaresotiredthattheyhaveahardtimekeepingtheireyesopen(%)Alldrivers4.
5Agegroup16-184.
519-243.
225-395.
740-594.
660-743.
575+2.
5GenderMale5.
5Female3.
5Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
population21Alcohol-ImpairedDrivingMostdriversstatedthattheyconsumealcohol:About2outof3drivers(66.
3%)reportedthattheyconsumebeer,wine,liquororotherdrinkscontainingalcohol.
Alittleoverone-fifth(20.
5%)statedthattheydrinklessthanonceamonth,10.
6%drinkonceortwiceamonth,12.
1%drinkafewtimesamonth,17.
1%drinkafewtimesaweekand6.
2%drinkdaily,asshowninTable17.
Table17.
Howoftendoyouconsumebeer,wineorliquor(N=2,613)DailyAfewtimesaweekAfewtimesamonth1or2timesamonthLessthanonceamonthNeverAlldrivers6.
217.
112.
110.
620.
533.
6Agegroup16-180.
70.
13.
73.
212.
080.
419-240.
010.
417.
69.
918.
343.
825-394.
116.
518.
412.
222.
726.
240-596.
020.
09.
712.
219.
932.
360-748.
717.
89.
07.
821.
335.
475+16.
513.
611.
410.
116.
731.
8GenderMale8.
421.
813.
49.
416.
231.
0Female4.
112.
611.
011.
824.
536.
0Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationDrinkinganddrivingisviewedasaveryseriousthreat,socialdisapprovalisalmostuniversal,socialstigmaisfeltstronglyandrelativelyfewdriversadmittoit.
ThereisverystrongsupportforrequiringallDWIoffenderstousealcohol-ignitioninterlocksontheirvehicles,evenforfirsttimeoffenders(seeTable4).
About43.
4%ofdriversbelievethatdrunkdrivingiseitheramuchbiggerproblemtodayorasomewhatbiggerproblemtodaythanthreeyearsago(seeTable2).
Table18showsthatavastmajorityofdrivers(94.
3%)believethatpeopledrivingafterdrinkingalcoholposeaveryseriousthreatorsomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety,with73.
5%reportingthatitisaveryseriousthreat.
Only5.
8%considerdrivingafterdrinkingalcoholacceptable,with74.
4%reportingthatitiscompletelyunacceptableand19.
3%ofdriverssayingthatitissomewhatunacceptable(seeTable5).
22Table18.
Proportionofdriverswhoreportedperceivingimpaireddriversasasomewhatorveryseriousthreat(N=2,613)PeopledrivingafterdrinkingalcoholPeopledrivingafterusingprescriptiondrugsPeopledrivingafterusingillegaldrugsAlldrivers94.
378.
290.
8Agegroup16-1896.
776.
691.
119-2497.
675.
593.
025-3994.
678.
991.
040-5994.
378.
790.
460-7493.
979.
291.
375+89.
269.
887.
2GenderMale92.
573.
287.
4Female95.
982.
893.
9Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationAmongthosewhoreportedconsumingalcohol,20.
7%reporteddrivingwhentheythoughttheyhadconsumedtoomuchalcoholtodrivesafelyinthepastyear.
Amongthosewhoreportedconsumingalcohol,about6.
6%statedthattheydidthisjustonce,11.
9%statedthattheydothisrarelyand1.
6%statedthattheydothisfairlyoften(Table19).
Table19.
Inthepastyearhowoftenhaveyoudrivenwhenyouthoughtyouralcohollevelmighthavebeenclosetoorpossiblyoverthelegallimit(N=1,317)RegularlyFairlyoftenRarelyJustonceNeverAlldrivers0.
41.
07.
84.
386.
4AgeGroup16-180.
00.
51.
71.
496.
419-240.
01.
85.
63.
089.
725-391.
59.
15.
781.
840-590.
00.
61.
94.
884.
360-740.
00.
84.
03.
591.
675+0.
00.
06.
70.
093.
4GenderMale0.
51.
59.
76.
881.
5Female0.
30.
66.
02.
091.
1Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationAmongthedifferentagegroups,thoseages25-39hadthehighestproportionofdriverswhodrovewhentheythoughttheiralcohollevelmighthavebeenclosetoorpossiblyoverthelegallimitduringthepastyear,with18.
2%doingso.
Withinthisagegroup,5.
7%indicatedthattheydiditjustonce,9.
1%indicatedthattheydiditrarely,1.
9%indicatedthattheydothisfairlyoften,and1.
5%indicatedthattheydothisregularly.
About2.
3%ofdriversmentionedthattheyhavedrivenwhentheythoughttheiralcohollevelmighthavebeenclosetoorpossiblyoverthelegallimitwithinthepastmonth,2.
3%reportedthattheydidso23atleastonemonthagobutlessthanthreemonthsagoandabout2.
7%reportedthattheydidsobetweenthreeandsixmonthsago,and6.
3%reportedtheyhavedoneso6monthsorlongerago(seeTable20).
Table20.
Abouthowlongagowasthelasttimeyoudrovewhenyouthoughtyouralcohollevelmighthavebeenclosetoorpossiblyoverthelegallimit(N=1,317)WithinthepastmonthAtleast1monthago,butlessthan3monthsagoAtleast3monthsago,butlessthan6monthsago6monthsorlongeragoNeverAlldrivers2.
32.
32.
76.
386.
5AgeGroup16-180.
81.
50.
01.
396.
419-242.
93.
20.
04.
189.
925-393.
13.
04.
76.
982.
340-592.
23.
02.
28.
983.
860-741.
91.
02.
42.
991.
875+0.
00.
00.
06.
593.
5GenderMale2.
34.
03.
19.
081.
7Female2.
30.
82.
33.
791.
0Base:USresidentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectUSpopulationDrug-ImpairedDrivingMorethanhalf(54.
9%)ofdriversbelievethatdriversusingdrugsposeamuchbiggerproblemorsomewhatbiggerproblemtodaythantheydidthreeyearsago(Table2).
Themajorityofdrivers(90.
8%)perceivepeopledrivingafterusingillegaldrugstobeeitheraveryseriousthreatorasomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety.
About2in3(68.
2%)believethatthisisaveryseriousthreatwhile22.
6%believethatitissomewhataseriousthreat(Table6).
Comparatively,78.
2percentconsiderdrivingundertheinfluenceofprescriptiondrugsaveryseriousorsomewhatseriousthreattotheirpersonalsafety(Table18).
24Table21.
Haveyoueverevenonceusedmarijuana(N=2,613)YesNo(%)(%)Alldrivers47.
452.
3Agegroup16-1819.
380.
819-2437.
462.
625-3950.
149.
640-5952.
247.
560-7450.
549.
275+15.
884.
2GenderMale49.
750.
0Female45.
254.
6Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30days,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
populationAmongdrivers,47.
4%haveusedmarijuanaintheirlifetimes(Table21).
Only10.
8%ofdriversperceivedrivingaftersmokingmarijuanaascompletelyorsomewhatacceptable.
Amongdriverswhoreportedtodrivewithinanhourofusingmarijuanainthepastyear,49.
4%didsointhepastmonth,while21.
2%didsoatleastonemonthagobutlessthanthreemonthsagoand18.
4%reporteddoingsobetweenthreeandsixmonthsago.
Duetothesmallsamplesize,onlydriverswhoreporteddrivingwithinanhourofusingmarijuanainthepastyeararetabulated.
Table22.
Abouthowlongagowasthelasttimeyoudrovewithinonehourofusingmarijuana(N=123)WithinthepastmonthAtleast1monthago,butlessthan3monthsagoAtleast3monthsago,butlessthan6monthsago6monthsagoorlongerAlldrivers49.
421.
218.
411.
0AgeGroup16-1837.
725.
26.
630.
519-2460.
80.
030.
09.
225-3948.
125.
117.
89.
040-5961.
118.
711.
19.
260-7435.
513.
130.
920.
475+0.
0100.
00.
00.
0GenderMale52.
925.
213.
28.
8Female43.
314.
027.
615.
1Base:U.
S.
residentsages16+withadriver'slicensewhoreporteddrivinginpast30daysandreporteddrivingwithinonehourofusingmarijuana,weightedtoreflectU.
S.
population25SummaryofOverall2017TSCIResultsOverall,driversperceiveunsafedrivingbehaviorssuchastalkingoncellphones,texting,emailing,speedingandred-lightrunningasseriousthreatstotheirpersonalsafety.
Thereisgenerallyconcordancebetweendrivers'levelofacceptanceofcertainbehaviorswiththelevelofthreateachbehaviorposestotheirpersonalsafety.
Althoughthereseemstobeconcordancebetweenperceivedthreatstopersonalsafetyandacceptabilityofcertainbehaviors,thereseemstobediscordancebetweenacceptabilityandthreatstopersonalsafetywithcertainbehaviorsengagedinbydriversthemselves.
Thesurveyfindingsrevealthatdriversengageinbehaviorstheyrecognizeasunsafe.
Forexample,asubstantialnumberofdrivers(95.
6%)saythatitisunacceptabletotypetextmessagesoremailwhiledriving(Table5);yetapproximately1in3(34.
6%)indicatedthattheyhavedoneitinthepast30days(Table7).
26ReferencesAAAFoundationforTrafficSafety(2017).
2016TrafficSafetyCultureIndex.
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C.
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org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/2016TrafficSafetyCultureIndexReport.
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org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/2015TrafficSafetyCultureIndexReport.
pdfAAAFoundationforTrafficSafety(2015).
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Washington,D.
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Available:http://aaafoundation.
org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2014TrafficSafetycultureIndexReport.
pdfAAAFoundationforTrafficSafety(2014).
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Washington,D.
C.
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Available:http://aaafoundation.
org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2013TrafficSafetyCultureIndexReport.
pdfAAAFoundationforTrafficSafety(2013).
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Washington,D.
C.
:AAAFoundationforTrafficSafety.
Available:http://aaafoundation.
org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2012TrafficSafetyCultureIndexReport.
pdfAAAFoundationforTrafficSafety(2008).
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Washington,D.
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Available:http://aaafoundation.
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com/knpanel/docs/knowledgepanel(R)-design-summary-description.
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(2018a).
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org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/CellPhoneCrashRisk_FINAL.
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Owens,J.
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PrevalenceofDrowsyDrivingCrashes:EstimatesfromaLarge-ScaleNaturalisticStudy.
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(2016).
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