Definition阵列卡
阵列卡 时间:2021-03-28 阅读:()
1Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
RAIDShield:Characterizing,Monitoring,andProactivelyProtectingAgainstDiskFailuresPresenter:AoMaAjointworkwithFredDouglis,GuanlinLu,DarrenSawyerSurendarChandra,WindsorHsu2Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
DiskfailuresarecommonplaceWhole-diskfailurePartialfailureRAIDiswidelydeployedProtectdataagainstfailureswithredundancyPervasiveRAIDProtection3Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
StoragesystemisevolvingEscalateduseoflessreliabledrivescausesmorewhole-diskfailuresIncreasingdiskcapacityresultsinmoresectorerrorsSolutionAddextraredundancy(RAID5,RAID6,…)–EnsuredatareliabilityatthecostofstorageefficiencyRAIDOverviewIsaddingextraredundancyanefficientsolution4Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
Analyzed1millionSATAdisksandrevealedFailuremodesdegradingRAIDreliabilityReallocatedsectorsreflectdiskreliabilitydeteriorationDiskfailureispredictableBuiltRAIDSHIELD,anactivedefensemechanismReconstructfailingdiskbeforeit'stoolate!
PLATE:single-diskproactiveprotection–Deploymenteliminates70%ofRAIDfailuresARMOR:diskgroupproactiveprotection–RecognizevulnerableRAIDgroupsWhatWeDid5Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
BackgroundDiskfailureanalysisRAIDSHIELD:IdentifyfailureindicatorReallocatedSector(RS)characterizationSinglediskproactiveprotectionDiskgroupproactiveprotection5Outline6Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
Diskfailuredoesnotfollowafail-stopmodelTheproductionsystemsstudieddefinefailureasConnectionislostAnoperationexceedsthetimeoutthresholdWritefailsWhole-diskFailureDefinition7Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
EachdiskdrivemodelisdenotedasRelativesizeswithinafamilyareorderedbythecapacitynumber–E.
g.
A-2islargerthanA-1DiskModelPopulation(Thousands)FirstDeploymentLogLength(Months)A-13406/200860A-216511/200860B-110006/200848C-19310/201036C-225312/201036D-138409/201121DiskDataCollection8Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
WhatDoRealDiskFailuresLookLike9Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
0001424462031010203040500-612-1824-3036-4248-54A-2MonthDistributionofLifetimeofFailedDrives001241534291130102030400-612-1824-3036-4248-54A-1MonthAlargefractionoffaileddrivesarefoundatasimilaragePercentage(%)Percentage(%)10Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
ThenumberofaffecteddiskskeepgrowingAbout10%ofdisksgetsectorerrorsatthe3rdyearSectorerrornumbersincreasescontinuouslyAverageerrorcountincreases25%to300%yearoveryearIncreasingFrequencyofSectorErrors11Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
DrivefailingatasimilarageFailurerateisnotconstantAhighriskofmultiplesimultaneousfailuresIncreasingfrequencyofsectorerrorsExacerbateriskofreconstructionfailuresPassiveRedundancyisInefficientEnsuringreliabilityintheworstcaserequiresaddingconsiderableextraredundancy,makingitunattractivefromacostperspective12Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
MotivationEnsuredatasafetywithminimalredundancyProactivelyrecognizeimpendingfailuresandmigratevulnerabledatainadvanceMethodologyIdentifyindicatorofimpendingfailureIndicatorcharacterizationProactiveprotectionRAIDSHIELD,TheProactiveProtection13Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
PotentialindicatorsVariousdiskerrorsCriteriaofagoodindicatorIthappensmuchmorefrequentlyonfaileddisksratherthanworkingdisksApproachQuantifythediscriminationbetweenerrorvalueonfaileddisksandworkingones–DecilescomparisonisusedIdentifyFailureIndicator14Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
FaileddiskshavemoremediaerrorsthanworkingonesThediscriminationisnotsignificantenoughMediaErrorComparison2359152232478611123471330020406080100123456789faileddiskworkingdiskDecilesA-2MediaErrorCount15Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
2238718732752281212422025000001262905001000150020002500123456789faileddiskworkingdiskA-2DecilesReallocatedSectorCountA-2DecilesRSisstronglycorrelatedwithdiskfailuresReallocatedSector(RS)Comparison16Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
MostfaileddrivestendtohavealargernumberofRSthanworkingonesRSisstronglycorrelatedwithwhole-diskfailures,followedbymediaerrors,pendingsectorerrorsanduncorrectablesectorerrorsCorrelationBetweenSectorErrorsAndWhole-diskFailureRSisastrongindicatorofimpendingdiskfailure17Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
LargerRScountimplieshigherfailurerateintwo-monthwindowDiskFailureRateGivenDifferentRSCount1.
767758083858689909091929393949502040608010004080120160200240280320360400440480520560600DiskFailureRate(%)RScountA-2RSCharacterization(1)18Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
LargerRScount,fastertofail10%25%median75%90%RSCountTimeMargin(Days)DiskFailureTimeGivenDifferentRSCountRSCharacterization(2)19Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
RScountindicatesthedegreeofdiskreliabilitydeteriorationUsetheRScounttopredictimpendingdiskfailureinadvancePLATE:SingleDiskProactiveProtection20Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
70.
166.
66461.
859.
952.
14742.
63936.
94.
52.
82.
11.
71.
40.
80.
70.
40.
30.
27010203040506070809010020406080100200300400500600failurespredictedfalsepositivePercentage(%)BoththepredictedfailureandfalsepositiveratesdecreaseasthethresholdincreasesSimulationResult:FailuresCapturedRateGivenDifferentRSThresholdRSthreshold21Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
551515801070020406080100WithoutProactiveProtectionWithProactiveProtectionHardwareFailuresOthersTripleFailuresEliminatedTripleFailuresSingleproactiveprotectionreducesabout70%ofRAIDfailures,equivalentto88%ofthetriple-diskfailuresPLATEDeploymentResult:CausesofRecoveryIncidentsPercentage(%)22Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
10%remainingtriplefailuresPLATEmissesRAIDfailurescausedbymultiplelessreliabledrives,whoseRScountshaven'texceedthethresholdTriagePrioritizediskgroupswithhighestriskMotivationofARMOR:TheRAIDGroupProactiveProtection23Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
1-11-21-31-42-12-22-32-43-13-23-33-44-14-24-34-4XXXXThreatofFailureImminentFailureGoodDiskHealthyDG1ImminentFailureofDG2ProtectedDG3PossibleFailureofDG4Singlediskprotection:Replace2-3,2-4,3-4(PLATE)Can'tidentifyDG4northedifferencebetweenDG2andDG3Groupprotection:ReplaceDG4orincreaseredundancy(ARMOR)ProtectDG4andrecognizethedifferencebetweenDG2andDG3DiskGroupProtectionExample24Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
CalculatethesinglediskfailureprobabilityConditionalprobabilitythroughBayesTheoremCalculatetheprobabilityofavulnerableRAIDCombinationofthosesinglediskprobabilitiesthroughjointprobabilityARMORMethodology25Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
ThediscriminationshowsARMORiseffectivetorecognizeendangeredDGsInpractice,itidentifiesmostDGfailuresthatarenotpredictedbyPLATEProbabilityDecilesdistributionEvaluation0.
250.
330.
390.
440.
460.
50.
630.
730.
930.
150.
20.
230.
250.
270.
280.
30.
310.
3200.
20.
40.
60.
81123456789GroupswithmorethanonefailureGroupswithoutfailure26Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
GooglereportsSMARTmetricssuchasreallocatedsectorstronglysuggestanimpendingfailure,buttheyalsodeterminethathalfofthefaileddisksshownosucherrors[Pinheiro'07]DifferentworkloadandRAIDrewriteDiskfailurepredictionAveragemaximumlatency[Goldszmidt'12]SMARTfailureprediction[Murray'05,Hughes'02]RelatedWork27Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
Weanalyzed1millionSATAdrivesObservefailuremodesdegradingRAIDreliabilityRevealRScountreflectsthediskreliabilitydeteriorationDiskfailureispredictableWebuiltRAIDSHIELD,anactivedefensemechanismPLATE:singlediskproactiveprotection–Deploymenteliminates70%ofRAIDfailuresARMOR:diskgroupproactiveprotection–RecognizevulnerableRAIDgroups–HopetodeployinfutureIsaddingextraredundancyanefficientsolutionUseasmuchredundancyasneededtoensureavailabilityProactivereplacementshoulddecreasethelevelneededSummary28Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
RAIDShield:Characterizing,Monitoring,andProactivelyProtectingAgainstDiskFailuresQuestionsAcknowledgementAndreaArpaci-DusseauandRemziArpaci-DusseauDataDomainengineerteam,membersofADandCTOoffice,StephenManley29Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
CalculatethesinglediskfailureprobabilityCalculatetheprobabilityofavulnerableRAID
Allrightsreserved.
RAIDShield:Characterizing,Monitoring,andProactivelyProtectingAgainstDiskFailuresPresenter:AoMaAjointworkwithFredDouglis,GuanlinLu,DarrenSawyerSurendarChandra,WindsorHsu2Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
DiskfailuresarecommonplaceWhole-diskfailurePartialfailureRAIDiswidelydeployedProtectdataagainstfailureswithredundancyPervasiveRAIDProtection3Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
StoragesystemisevolvingEscalateduseoflessreliabledrivescausesmorewhole-diskfailuresIncreasingdiskcapacityresultsinmoresectorerrorsSolutionAddextraredundancy(RAID5,RAID6,…)–EnsuredatareliabilityatthecostofstorageefficiencyRAIDOverviewIsaddingextraredundancyanefficientsolution4Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
Analyzed1millionSATAdisksandrevealedFailuremodesdegradingRAIDreliabilityReallocatedsectorsreflectdiskreliabilitydeteriorationDiskfailureispredictableBuiltRAIDSHIELD,anactivedefensemechanismReconstructfailingdiskbeforeit'stoolate!
PLATE:single-diskproactiveprotection–Deploymenteliminates70%ofRAIDfailuresARMOR:diskgroupproactiveprotection–RecognizevulnerableRAIDgroupsWhatWeDid5Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
BackgroundDiskfailureanalysisRAIDSHIELD:IdentifyfailureindicatorReallocatedSector(RS)characterizationSinglediskproactiveprotectionDiskgroupproactiveprotection5Outline6Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
Diskfailuredoesnotfollowafail-stopmodelTheproductionsystemsstudieddefinefailureasConnectionislostAnoperationexceedsthetimeoutthresholdWritefailsWhole-diskFailureDefinition7Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
EachdiskdrivemodelisdenotedasRelativesizeswithinafamilyareorderedbythecapacitynumber–E.
g.
A-2islargerthanA-1DiskModelPopulation(Thousands)FirstDeploymentLogLength(Months)A-13406/200860A-216511/200860B-110006/200848C-19310/201036C-225312/201036D-138409/201121DiskDataCollection8Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
WhatDoRealDiskFailuresLookLike9Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
0001424462031010203040500-612-1824-3036-4248-54A-2MonthDistributionofLifetimeofFailedDrives001241534291130102030400-612-1824-3036-4248-54A-1MonthAlargefractionoffaileddrivesarefoundatasimilaragePercentage(%)Percentage(%)10Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
ThenumberofaffecteddiskskeepgrowingAbout10%ofdisksgetsectorerrorsatthe3rdyearSectorerrornumbersincreasescontinuouslyAverageerrorcountincreases25%to300%yearoveryearIncreasingFrequencyofSectorErrors11Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
DrivefailingatasimilarageFailurerateisnotconstantAhighriskofmultiplesimultaneousfailuresIncreasingfrequencyofsectorerrorsExacerbateriskofreconstructionfailuresPassiveRedundancyisInefficientEnsuringreliabilityintheworstcaserequiresaddingconsiderableextraredundancy,makingitunattractivefromacostperspective12Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
MotivationEnsuredatasafetywithminimalredundancyProactivelyrecognizeimpendingfailuresandmigratevulnerabledatainadvanceMethodologyIdentifyindicatorofimpendingfailureIndicatorcharacterizationProactiveprotectionRAIDSHIELD,TheProactiveProtection13Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
PotentialindicatorsVariousdiskerrorsCriteriaofagoodindicatorIthappensmuchmorefrequentlyonfaileddisksratherthanworkingdisksApproachQuantifythediscriminationbetweenerrorvalueonfaileddisksandworkingones–DecilescomparisonisusedIdentifyFailureIndicator14Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
FaileddiskshavemoremediaerrorsthanworkingonesThediscriminationisnotsignificantenoughMediaErrorComparison2359152232478611123471330020406080100123456789faileddiskworkingdiskDecilesA-2MediaErrorCount15Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
2238718732752281212422025000001262905001000150020002500123456789faileddiskworkingdiskA-2DecilesReallocatedSectorCountA-2DecilesRSisstronglycorrelatedwithdiskfailuresReallocatedSector(RS)Comparison16Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
MostfaileddrivestendtohavealargernumberofRSthanworkingonesRSisstronglycorrelatedwithwhole-diskfailures,followedbymediaerrors,pendingsectorerrorsanduncorrectablesectorerrorsCorrelationBetweenSectorErrorsAndWhole-diskFailureRSisastrongindicatorofimpendingdiskfailure17Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
LargerRScountimplieshigherfailurerateintwo-monthwindowDiskFailureRateGivenDifferentRSCount1.
767758083858689909091929393949502040608010004080120160200240280320360400440480520560600DiskFailureRate(%)RScountA-2RSCharacterization(1)18Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
LargerRScount,fastertofail10%25%median75%90%RSCountTimeMargin(Days)DiskFailureTimeGivenDifferentRSCountRSCharacterization(2)19Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
RScountindicatesthedegreeofdiskreliabilitydeteriorationUsetheRScounttopredictimpendingdiskfailureinadvancePLATE:SingleDiskProactiveProtection20Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
70.
166.
66461.
859.
952.
14742.
63936.
94.
52.
82.
11.
71.
40.
80.
70.
40.
30.
27010203040506070809010020406080100200300400500600failurespredictedfalsepositivePercentage(%)BoththepredictedfailureandfalsepositiveratesdecreaseasthethresholdincreasesSimulationResult:FailuresCapturedRateGivenDifferentRSThresholdRSthreshold21Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
551515801070020406080100WithoutProactiveProtectionWithProactiveProtectionHardwareFailuresOthersTripleFailuresEliminatedTripleFailuresSingleproactiveprotectionreducesabout70%ofRAIDfailures,equivalentto88%ofthetriple-diskfailuresPLATEDeploymentResult:CausesofRecoveryIncidentsPercentage(%)22Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
10%remainingtriplefailuresPLATEmissesRAIDfailurescausedbymultiplelessreliabledrives,whoseRScountshaven'texceedthethresholdTriagePrioritizediskgroupswithhighestriskMotivationofARMOR:TheRAIDGroupProactiveProtection23Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
1-11-21-31-42-12-22-32-43-13-23-33-44-14-24-34-4XXXXThreatofFailureImminentFailureGoodDiskHealthyDG1ImminentFailureofDG2ProtectedDG3PossibleFailureofDG4Singlediskprotection:Replace2-3,2-4,3-4(PLATE)Can'tidentifyDG4northedifferencebetweenDG2andDG3Groupprotection:ReplaceDG4orincreaseredundancy(ARMOR)ProtectDG4andrecognizethedifferencebetweenDG2andDG3DiskGroupProtectionExample24Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
CalculatethesinglediskfailureprobabilityConditionalprobabilitythroughBayesTheoremCalculatetheprobabilityofavulnerableRAIDCombinationofthosesinglediskprobabilitiesthroughjointprobabilityARMORMethodology25Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
ThediscriminationshowsARMORiseffectivetorecognizeendangeredDGsInpractice,itidentifiesmostDGfailuresthatarenotpredictedbyPLATEProbabilityDecilesdistributionEvaluation0.
250.
330.
390.
440.
460.
50.
630.
730.
930.
150.
20.
230.
250.
270.
280.
30.
310.
3200.
20.
40.
60.
81123456789GroupswithmorethanonefailureGroupswithoutfailure26Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
GooglereportsSMARTmetricssuchasreallocatedsectorstronglysuggestanimpendingfailure,buttheyalsodeterminethathalfofthefaileddisksshownosucherrors[Pinheiro'07]DifferentworkloadandRAIDrewriteDiskfailurepredictionAveragemaximumlatency[Goldszmidt'12]SMARTfailureprediction[Murray'05,Hughes'02]RelatedWork27Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
Weanalyzed1millionSATAdrivesObservefailuremodesdegradingRAIDreliabilityRevealRScountreflectsthediskreliabilitydeteriorationDiskfailureispredictableWebuiltRAIDSHIELD,anactivedefensemechanismPLATE:singlediskproactiveprotection–Deploymenteliminates70%ofRAIDfailuresARMOR:diskgroupproactiveprotection–RecognizevulnerableRAIDgroups–HopetodeployinfutureIsaddingextraredundancyanefficientsolutionUseasmuchredundancyasneededtoensureavailabilityProactivereplacementshoulddecreasethelevelneededSummary28Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
RAIDShield:Characterizing,Monitoring,andProactivelyProtectingAgainstDiskFailuresQuestionsAcknowledgementAndreaArpaci-DusseauandRemziArpaci-DusseauDataDomainengineerteam,membersofADandCTOoffice,StephenManley29Copyright2015EMCCorporation.
Allrightsreserved.
CalculatethesinglediskfailureprobabilityCalculatetheprobabilityofavulnerableRAID
ZJI：韩国BGP+CN2线路服务器,国内三网访问速度优秀,8折优惠码每月实付440元起
zji怎么样?zji最近新上韩国BGP+CN2线路服务器，国内三网访问速度优秀，适用8折优惠码zji，优惠后韩国服务器最低每月440元起。zji主机支持安装Linux或者Windows操作系统，会员中心集成电源管理功能，8折优惠码为终身折扣，续费同价，全场适用。ZJI是原Wordpress圈知名主机商：维翔主机，成立于2011年，2018年9月启用新域名ZJI，提供中国香港、台湾、日本、美国独立服...
小白云 (80元/月),四川德阳 4核2G,山东枣庄 4核2G,美国VPS20元/月起三网CN2
小白云是一家国人自营的企业IDC，主营国内外VPS，致力于让每一个用户都能轻松、快速、经济地享受高端的服务，成立于2019年，拥有国内大带宽高防御的特点，专注于DDoS/CC等攻击的防护；海外线路精选纯CN2线路，以确保用户体验的首选线路，商家线上多名客服一对一解决处理用户的问题，提供7*24无人全自动化服务。商家承诺绝不超开，以用户体验为中心为用提供服务，一直坚持主打以产品质量用户体验性以及高效...
华为云(69元)828促销活动 2G1M云服务器
华为云818上云活动活动截止到8月31日。1、秒杀限时区优惠仅限一单！云服务器秒杀价低至0.59折，每日9点开抢秒杀抢购活动仅限早上9点开始，有限量库存的。2G1M云服务器低至首年69元。2、新用户折扣区优惠仅限一单！购云服务器享3折起加购主机安全及数据库。企业和个人的优惠力度和方案是不同的。比如还有.CN域名首年8元。华为云服务器CPU资源正常没有扣量。3、抽奖活动在8.4-8.31日期间注册并...
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