xx97sese.com

Index247Adésíná,JìmìO.
xiv,xix,1–49adjustmentpoliciesadministrativecapacity5SAPsseestructuraladjustmentprogrammesAfricanunity8,62,63,75Afrocentrism8Afro-pessimism6AIDSseeHIV/AIDSAlmaAtadeclaration(1978)176,182Amin,Idi16,65,92,93,95ArushaDeclaration(1967)61,62,179Atieno,Rosemaryxix,23,24,171–97authoritarianism,developmentalism41Babangida,Ibrahim16Banda,HastingsKamuzu6Bardham,Pranab115Bond,Patrickxix,23,25,198–223Botswanadiamonds3,15–16,205economicgrowth205educationpolicy122–6healthcare24,27HIV/AIDS125,215–16literacy18,19politicalstability122poverty205primaryschoolenrolment122,125publicspending16,20,27savings/investment205secondaryschoolenrolment122socialdevelopment36sociopoliticalstructureofaccumulation205–6unemployment20water/sanitation206seealsoSouthernAfricaBowles,Samuel115braindrainEastAfrica99–100,105Nigeria161Zimbabwe139BrettonWoodsInstitutions(BWIs)BankseeWorldBankcostsharing20,24Ghana16IMFseeInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)Nigeria20policy-making12,24poverty32,119structuraladjustmentprogrammes(SAPs)119Brough,WayneT.
60BurkinaFaso25capacitybuilding12capitalism,sovereignrentierseesovereignrentiercapitalismCasablancaGroup8,56,62,79Chachage,ChachageSeithyL.
xix,9,15,17,20,22,87–111civilsocietyNGOsseenon-governmentalorganizationsNigeria4socialforces5SouthAfrica4ColdWar8–9,59,62CommitteeforAcademicFreedominAfrica119–20community-basedinterventions30Congo-Kinshasa9corruptionKenya183Nigeria35Tanzania94Uganda93cost-sharingeducationpolicy20healthcare24Cted'Ivoire,violence6de-commodification117developmentaccumulationandaccelerateddevelopment88HDIseehumandevelopmentindexinclusivedevelopmentresearchprojectxi–xii,1–48internationaldevelopmentagreements176socialseesocialdevelopmentsocialexpenditure113developmentpartners59developmentstate,democracy4developmentalism,authoritarianism41disaggregation,socialpolicytransitions5–6EastAfricabasicsocialservices(BSS)174–5braindrain99–100,105economicreform182–7educationpolicy15,87–111importsubstitutionindustrialization(ISI)90independence88infantmortality23,174,175,190internationaldevelopmentagreements176KenyaseeKenyalifeexpectancy174macroeconomics177–91post-reformperiod187–9poverty171–3,192pre-reformperiod178–82researchproblem175–7socialdevelopment87–111,171–97socialsectorperformanceexplained191–4structuraladjustmentprogrammes(SAPs)182–7studyobjectives177TanzaniaseeTanzaniatechnicalassistancepersonnel20,22,97–9UgandaseeUgandauniversityadmissions17,104EastAfricanCommonServicesOrganization(ECSO)92EastAfricanCommunity(EAC)92,94economicgrowthBotswana205educationpolicy9humanresources9,139Kenya94,176recoveryundermined25socialdevelopment5,148timesensitivity3Uganda181Zimbabwe139economicreformInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)136Kenya182–4regressivemeasures41SAPsseestructuraladjustmentprogrammesTanzania184–5Uganda185–7economicstructuraladjustmentprogramme(ESAP)Tanzania185Zimbabwe117–18,132,136–9,141,207,217seealsostructuraladjustmentprogrammes(SAPs)economicvariation3–4educationpolicyBotswana122–6casestudies122–41changingdynamics15–22commodification102cost-sharing20crisisofwelfarism91–7EastAfrica15,87–111economicgrowth9equityofaccess17genderdifferences153Ghana148–70investment100–1,121,167Kenya96–7Nigeria148–70Nigeria(southwestern)15,16SouthAfrica126–32SouthernAfrica112–47248Indexstructuraladjustmentprogrammes(SAPs)97,117–21Tanzania17,63WorldBank100–1,119–21Zimbabwe16,20,132–41encompassingmodels31,33externaldebtcrisis56,94externalshock1980scrisis16oilshock16vulnerability11,24Fabianism12foreignloans62,183game-theoreticalframework8,10Garba,Abdul-Ganiyuxix–xx,7–10,54–86genderdifferenceseducationpolicy153Ghana161,166labourmarkets45,154,166literacy18–19,163Nigeria154,161,162,166SouthAfrica203seealsowomenGeneralAgreementonTradeinServices(GATS)102Ghanabig-pushstrategy11cocoa11,60CompulsoryUniversalBasicEducationProgramme(FCUBE)150corepoor29,30educationdisparities161educationoutcomes155–64educationpolicy148–70EducationReformProgramme(ERP)149–50EducationSectorAnalysis(ESA)150fiscalvulnerability11formalsectoremployees29genderdifferences161,166healthinsurance29–30highereducation150,160–1HIPCfunds30labouroutcomes164–8labourpolicy153–4literacy150,158,159,163NationalLiberationCouncil(NLC)15,16oil4politicalinstability149poverty155,231primaryschoolenrolment158–60publicspending16,17,20,156–8qualityofeducation163–4secondaryschoolenrolment158–60socialdevelopment38socialpolicy148–70social/demographicindicators229–31stabilizationandliberalization11,15,16structuraladjustment20,149–50,227usercharges18,161water/sanitation224–45grosscapitalformation12,14,15grossdomesticsavings12,14,15Guinea25healthcareBotswana24,27changingdynamics22–31cost-sharing24frivoloususe25–6insuranceschemes28–30Kenya187Malawi26Nigeria27,28–9percapitaexpenditure28PrimaryHealthCare(PHC)declaration(AlmaAta,1978)176,182resourceendowment23retrenchmentofprovisioning23–4,27socialdimensionofadjustment(SDA)24socialinsurance28–30SouthernAfrica213–17structuraladjustmentprogrammes(SAPs)26–7Tanzania63,99Index249healthcare(Contd.
)usercharges24,25–6Zimbabwe23,27Hendricks,FredT.
xx,20,112–47highereducationadmissionsseeuniversityadmissionsEastAfrica87–111Ghana150,160–1incomegeneration104–5labourmarkets97–106marketablegoods105Nigeria151,152,161,167–8privateprovision103–4,121standards17,95,96,97,103,105HIV/AIDSBotswana125,215–16healthcareprovisioning27healthpolicy213–17SouthAfrica203,214–15Tanzania189Zimbabwe216–17humandevelopmentindex(HDI)Kenya171,172Nigeria232Tanzania171,172Uganda171,172humiliation34Hutchful,E.
15,16importsubstitutionindustrialization(ISI)90inclusivedevelopment,researchprojectxi–xii,1–48incomedistribution,povertyreduction114–15industrialpolicy43inequalitydistributionissues119Kenya181,192poverty31–40,114–15Tanzania192Uganda192Zimbabwe132–3infantmortality21,22–3,174,175,190informalreciprocitynetworks30InternationalDevelopmentAssociation(IDA)183internationalfinancialinstitutions(IFIs)critique118poverty155InternationalLabourOrganization140,154,155InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)economicreform136Ghana11,15,16Kenya183SAPsseestructuraladjustmentprogrammesSouthernAfrica117–19seealsoBrettonWoodsInstitutions(BWIs)internationalrelations,asymmetry61–2Kanbur,Ravi115Katanga9Kenyaautocracy6basicsocialservices(BSS)184corruption183decentralization181DistrictFocusforRuralDevelopment(DFRD)181economiccrisis183economicdecline181economicgrowth94,176economicreform182–4educationpolicy96–7EnhancedStructuralAdjustmentFacility(ESAF)183GrossDomesticProduct(GDP)90–1healthcare187humandevelopmentindex(HDI)171,172humanpovertyindex(HPI)172,173inequality181,192infantmortality23,174,175,190InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)183literacy19macroeconomics178,180–1,182–4,187–8NairobiUniversity(NU)89,105250Indexpost-reformperiod187–8publicspending187–8quick-disbursingaid183settlercolony89socialdevelopment39structuraladjustmentloan(SAL)183structuraladjustmentprogrammes(SAPs)182–4technicalassistancepersonnel20,22,98universityadmissions96water/sanitation188,190–1seealsoEastAfricaKenyatta,Jomo6Keynes,JohnMaynard7,67,74–7Keynesianparadigmequity/efficiency67–8guardianstate76innovations68–70laissez-faire68paradoxes76short-runanalysis75socialpolicy67–71,74–7Ki-Zerbo,Joseph41labourmarketsbraindrainseebraindraingenderdifferences45,154,166highereducation97–106unskilledlabour100LagosPlanofAction(1980)8,43lateindustrializersxiileadership44–5Lewis,Stephen26–7liberationmovements,opportunitycosts65–6literacyBotswana18,19genderdifferences18–19,163Ghana150,158,159,163Kenya19Nigeria158,159,162,163SouthAfrica18–21,131Zimbabwe19Lumumba,Patrice9,54macroeconomicscoreparadigm54deflation20EastAfrica177–91effects189–91Kenya178,180–1,182–4,187–8outcomes4,5policydirections6publicspending24,26socialpolicy3,5,45,72,177–91structuraladjustment26Tanzania178,179–80,184–5,189Uganda178,181–2,185–7,188–9Mafeje,A.
143–4Malawiautocracy6healthcare26Margolis,Eric60marketfailure,socialwelfare24marketsefficiency116invisiblehand113,115–16Marshall,T.
H.
87Mbeki,T.
143,203means-testing,humiliation34,43microeconomicscoreparadigm54socialpolicy72MillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs)18,176,193Mkandawire,Thandikaxi–xiii,9,15,32,34,66,113,116,119,148,171MobutuSeseSeko23MonroviaGroup8,56,79moralcommitment,anti-colonialism8Mugabe,Robert132,141,206,208Museveni,Youveri23,42Myrdal,Gunnar113nationbuilding9,10,41,43nationalunity9–10nationalismaltruism66authoritarianism41centralization63challengesandstrategies61–2coreideas60–2discourseandparadigm7–8,60–7ethnicity9Index251nationalism(Contd.
)evaluation63–7feasibility63,75moralstandards61neocolonialism62,63,66,75notionofdevelopment61people-centred61,63poweraggregatingstrategies62socialdevelopment60–7socialism63strategicpreferences54–5neoclassicaleconomicscounter-revolutionaryview67,71–4orthodoxpolicyadvice59rulingideas7socialdevelopment67–74synthesis74seealsoKeynesianparadigmneocolonialismimpact148nationalism62,63,66,75Nigeriabraindrain161civilsociety4corruption35curricula151dependencyburden166educationdisparities162educationoutcomes155–64educationpolicy148–70EducationSectorAnalysis(ESA)153formalsectoremployees29genderdifferences154,161,162,166GrossDomesticProduct(GDP)4healthcare27,28–9highereducation151,152,161,167–8humandevelopmentindex(HDI)232labouroutcomes164–8labourpolicy153–4literacy158,159,162,163militaryrule151,153NationalHealthInsuranceScheme(NHIS)28–9NationalPolicyonEducation(NPE)151,152oil4politicalinstability149poverty155primaryschoolenrolment158–60,162publicspending16,17,19,27,156–8qualityofeducation163–4secondaryschoolenrolment158–60self-employment29socialdevelopment37socialpolicy148–70structuraladjustment20,227,232–3unemployment154,164,167–8UnitedPartyofNigeria(UPN)151–2UniversalBasicEducation(UBE)153UniversalPrimaryEducation(UPE)150,151,162universityadmissions161water/sanitation224–45Nigeria(southwestern),educationpolicy15,16Nkrumah,Kwame8,11,54,60,61,62,149,150non-governmentalorganizations(NGOs),socialprovisionxiiNyerere,JuliusKambarage(Mwalimu)6,8,23,54,60,61,62,179Obasanjo,Olusegun153Obono,Okaxx,224–45Obote,Milton93,181Ohiorhenuan,J.
F.
E.
41Okuonzi,S.
A.
24,25,26,27–8OrganizationofAfricanUnity,minimalistproject8OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries(OPEC)78pan-Africanism8,62,63,65–6pensionsemployment-based2,7funding2252Indexsocialinsurance29–30SouthAfrica33TypeIerror(under-coverage)33Polanyi,Karl115policyadviceregimes10WorldBank11policy-makingdonors11,12reconstitutingstate44sovereignrentiercapitalism10–11,27,32,67,77–9politicalunions8povertyBotswana205BrettonWoodsInstitutions(BWIs)32,119deservingpoor24,32,33,34EastAfrica171–3,192escalation5Ghana155,231inequality31–40,114–15internationalfinancialinstitutions(IFIs)155Nigeria155socialdevelopmentcrisis2SouthAfrica33,131,132UnitedStates31variation4Zambia4Zimbabwe4PrimaryHealthCare(PHC)declaration(AlmaAta,1978)176,182primaryschoolenrolmentBotswana122,125Ghana158–60Nigeria158–60,162outcomes3Uganda18,28universalaccess15Zimbabwe133–4privatewealth99publicreasoning1publicspendingBotswana16,20,27Ghana16,17,20,156–8Kenya187–8macroeconomics24,26Nigeria16,17,19,27,156–8SouthAfrica16–17structuraladjustmentprogrammes(SAPs)20Zimbabwe20,27,133,136–7Raftopoulos,B.
134,135,137,140Rawlings,Jerry16redistribution,paradox31researchprojectbackground2–7conceptualandmethodologicalframework4–7inclusivedevelopmentxi–xii,1–48socialpolicycontext7–40retrenchmentofprovisioninghealthcare23–4,27socialpolicy33Saachikonye,L.
139Schultz,Theodore121secondaryschoolenrolmentBotswana122ethnicity10Ghana158–60Nigeria158–60outcomes3Zimbabwe133,135Sen,Amartya1,34,41Shem,AlfredOumaxx,171–97socialcohesion31socialdevelopmentcontrolledpathdependence56EastAfrica87–111,171–97economicgrowth5,148evolutionofadvice55–60foreigncapital55–6indicators12,13nationalism60–7neoclassicaleconomics67–74orthodoxdevelopment56radarcharts36–9roleofstate118rulingideas7–15,54–86SouthernAfrica112–47socialdimensionofadjustment(SDA)healthcare24Zimbabwe137–8Index253socialexpenditure,development113socialinsurancehealthcare28–30pensions29–30self-financing33unemploymentbenefits22socialpolicybudgetaryallocation114context7–40cost-recovery24definition1–2,55,171developmentcontext113–17,226–7disaggregation5–6dualdelivery35EastAfrica87–111,171–97entitlementfailure40Ghana148–70implementation114inclusivedevelopment40–6Keynesianparadigm67–71,74–7macroeconomics3,5,45,72,177–91microeconomics72Nigeria148–70pragmatism87regimeandaccess31–40rethinking42–6rulingideas7–15,54–86socialandpoliticalcontext5SouthernAfrica112–47targetedmodels31–2workingdefinition55socialprovisioning30,42sociopoliticalstructureofaccumulationBotswana205–6historicalfeatures199–202politicaleconomicdynamics202–8SouthAfrica202–5SouthernAfrica198–223Zimbabwe206–8SouthAfricaAfricanNationalCongress(ANC)142agriculture3ChildSupportGrant(CSG)33civilsociety4CommunistParty142CongressofSouthAfricanTradeUnions(COSATU)128,142democraticchange126–32educationpolicy126–32feedingschemes127furthereducationandtraining(FET)130genderdifferences203GrossDomesticProduct(GDP)4Growth,EmploymentandRedistribution(GEAR)117,142–3HIV/AIDS203,214–15HumanResourceDevelopmentStrategy128–30literacy18–21,131NationalEconomicDevelopmentandLabourCouncil(NEDLAC)130–1NelsonMandelaFoundation127pensions33post-Apartheid16–17,126–7,203,204post-colonialphase6poverty33,131,132publicspending16–17SectorEducationandTrainingAuthorities(SETAs)128–9,131–2socialdevelopment36sociopoliticalstructureofaccumulation202–5TypeIerror(under-coverage)33unemployment20,22,131,202,203unemploymentbenefits22usercharges25water/sanitation25,210–11SouthAfricanDevelopmentCommunity(SADC)142SouthAfricanDevelopmentCoordinationConference(SADCC)132SouthernAfricaBotswanaseeBotswanacasestudies122–41educationpolicy112–47254Indexeducationassocialpolicy117–21healthcare213–17InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)117–19socialpolicy112–47sociopoliticalstructureofaccumulation198–223structuraladjustmentprogrammes(SAPs)117–21waterpolicy208–13ZimbabweseeZimbabwesovereignrentiercapitalismdonorenvironment11,27,77euthanasia68,75meaning10–11neoliberalism32policy-making10–11,27,32,67,77–9RevisedMinimumStandardModel78scarcityvalue77stabilizationandliberalizationGhana11,15,16shifttoadjustment24Stiglitz,Joseph118–19structuraladjustmentprogrammes(SAPs)BrettonWoodsInstitutions(BWIs)119EastAfrica182–7education97,117–21freemarketpolicies88Ghana20,149–50,227healthcare26–7Kenya182–4Nigeria20,227,232–3publicspending20readjustment241–2shifttoadjustment24SouthernAfrica117–21stabilizationcompared120Tanzania184–5Uganda185–7Zimbabwe117–18,132,136–9,141,207Tanzaniaagriculture179balanceoftrade93,94commodityprices63,65corruption94cost–sharing185DaresSalaamUniversity(UDSM)89,90,95–6,104destabilization63,65economiccrisis94,180,184–5economicreform184–5educationpolicy17,63healthcare63,99HIV/AIDS189humandevelopmentindex(HDI)171,172humanpovertyindex(HPI)172,173inequality192infantmortality23,174,175,190institutionaldynamism17invasionbyUganda(1978)16,65–6,92,94literacy19macroeconomics178,179–80,184–5,189manufacturing15,91,93maternalmortality23,190nationalism60post-reformperiod189privatization185publicemployment22,185re-commodification17self-reliance63socialdevelopment39,63socialism179structuraladjustment184–5summarystatistics64–5technicalassistancepersonnel22,98Ujamaa6,15,179,180villagization23,179water/sanitation189,190–1seealsoEastAfricatargetedsocialpolicyadministrativecosts33–4models31–2TypeIerror(under-coverage)33TypeIIerror(leakage)33technicalassistancepersonnel20,22,97–9termsoftrade,commodities91Index255timesensitivityeconomicgrowth3socialpolicytransitions5–6tradediscourse42Tshombe,Moise9Udegbe,Bolaxx,148–70Ugandaagriculture3Asianexpulsions16,93,182basicsocialservices(BSS)182,186,187civilwar23,65–6,93,182corruption93donordependence186economiccrisis93,94–5economicgrowth181economicreform185–7GrossDomesticProduct(GDP)91humandevelopmentindex(HDI)171,172humanpovertyindex(HPI)172,173inequality192infantmortality23,174,175,190institutionaldynamism17invasionofTanzania(1978)16,65–6,92,94macroeconomics178,181–2,185–7,188–9MakerereUniversity(MU)16,17,18,89,95,104maternalmortality23,190post-reformperiod188–9primaryschoolenrolment18,28socialdevelopment38socialism181–2structuraladjustmentprogrammes(SAPs)185–7universityadmissions95water/sanitation188–9,190–1seealsoEastAfricaunemploymentbenefits22Botswana20Nigeria154,164,167–8SouthAfrica20,22,131,202,203universitygraduates20,167Zimbabwe137,138,207UnitedStatespoverty31TreasuryDepartment118UniversalPrimaryEducation(UPE)150,151,162universalism32universityadmissionsEastAfrica17,104ethnicity10Kenya96Nigeria161Uganda95seealsohighereducationuserchargesadministrativecosts33–4counter-productiveimpact25educationpolicy18exemption34Ghana18,161healthcare24,25–6SouthAfrica25Zimbabwe18,137WashingtonConsensus12water/sanitationBotswana206Ghana224–45internationalconventions192–4Kenya188,190–1Nigeria224–45SouthAfrica25,210–11Tanzania189,190–1Uganda188–9,190–1waterpolicy208–13Zimbabwe212–13welfarestate,lateindustrializersxiiwomencareeconomy23–4literacy18–19,163maternalmortality23,190vulnerability34WorldBankaccumulationandaccelerateddevelopment88communityempowerment30educationpolicy100–1,119–21policyadvice11policycritique118256IndexSAPsseestructuraladjustmentprogrammessocialpolicy32sovereignrentiercapitalism78Zimbabwe137–8seealsoBrettonWoodsInstitutions(BWIs)WorldSummitforSocialDevelopment(WSSD)(1995)176,194WorldTradeOrganization(WTO),educationpolicy102Zaire,infantmortality23Zambiafiscalvulnerability11mining9poverty4Zimbabweagriculture3braindrain139curricula140decolonization132,133,134,139delegitimizationofthestate139,141economiccrisis137,138,139,141economicgrowth139economicstructuraladjustmentprogramme(ESAP)117–18,132,136–9,141,207,217educationpolicy16,20,132–41healthcare23,27HIV/AIDS216–17inequality132–3literacy19manufacturing207politicalcrisis139,208post–colonialphase6,132–3poverty4PresidentialCommission(1998)140primaryschoolenrolment133–4publicspending20,27,133,136–7secondaryschoolenrolment133,135socialdevelopment37socialdimensionofadjustment(SDA)137–8sociopoliticalstructureofaccumulation206–8unemployment137,138,207usercharges18,137VocationalTrainingCentres(VTCs)138water/sanitation212–13WorldBank137–8ZIMPREST141seealsoSouthernAfricaIndex257