projectrockettube

Coil-woundheatexchangers.
Individuallydesignedtocustomerneeds.
0202BuilttolastInMay1895,CarlvonLindesucceededinliquefyingaironanindustrialscaleusingcoil-woundheatexchangers(CWHE).
ThismarkedthestartofLinde'slongandproventrackrecordindeliveringCWHE-enabledcryogenicapplications.
Improvementstoaluminiumweldingtechnologyinthelate1950senabledengineerstoswitchfromexpensiveandheavycoppertocheaperandlighterall-aluminiumdesigns.
+1,000coil-woundheatexchangersmanufactured.
LindehassincemanufacturedmorethanonethousandCWHEsforvariousapplicationsinmaterialssuchasstainlesssteel,specialsteelalloys,carbonsteel,copperandaluminium.
Theseheatexchangersenjoyanexcellentreputationfortheirqualityandtechnicalreliability.
Infact,manyofthemarestillinoperation.
Builttolast.
0303WinningcombinationEachofourCWHEshasbeenindividuallydesignedbyourengineeringexpertstomeetcustomer-specificthermalandhydraulicperformancerequirementswhilekeepinginvestmentandoperatingcoststoaminimum.
Theseoptimiseddesignscombineourprovenfabricationtechnologieswiththehighestqualitystandardstocreatecutting-edgeheattransfersolutionsforvariousprocessapplications.
Inaddition,ourprocessexpertscanalsoperformlifetimeestimationsoftheequipment,investigatingthecyclicloadsofCWHEstakingallrelevantprocessconditionsintoaccount.
ExperiencegainedthroughoperationalfeedbackAsmanyofourCWHEsareoperatedbyLindeGroupentitiesandthird-partycustomersaroundtheworld,LindeEngineeringbenefitsfromasteadystreamofoperationalfeedback.
Workingcloselywithlocaloperatingteams,ourengineersthenchanneltheseinsightsdirectlyintoourdesignprocesstocontinuouslyimproveourequipment.
CustomerfocusOurcustomer-orientatedteamsincludeexpertsinprocessandmechanicaldesign,aswellasexperiencedservicestaff.
Thesespecialiststravelaroundtheglobetosupportourclientsduringstart-uporregularoperations.
Theyarealsoonhandtohelpwithperformance-boostinginitiatives.
Winningcombination.
04RobustdesignDuetothespecial"spring-like"design,ourCWHEsareextremelyrobust.
Supportingatemperaturerangebetween–269°Cand+650°C,theycanhandlemuchlargertemperatureandpressuredifferencesthanotherheatexchangertypes.
Thetubebundlesimplyshrinksorexpandsduringstart-uporshut-down,forinstance,toaccommodatetheselargechangesintemperature.
Inaddition,ourproprietarysupportsystemeffectivelyeliminatesthepotentialforbundlesagging.
Withinthistypeofheatexchanger,severallayersoftubesarehelicallywoundaroundalargecentretube,knownasamandrel.
Thistubebundlecanbedesignedinsuchawaythatitcancontainmorethanonetubefractiontoaccommodatedifferentprocessmedia.
Bothendsofthetubesareweldedtotubesheetsorringpipes.
Apressurevessel,whichismanufacturedinparalleltothetubebundle,enclosestheentirebundle.
Whatisacoil-woundheatexchangerSupportingatemperaturerangebetween–269°C+650°CandWhatisacoil-woundheatexchangerOurCWHEsaredesignedaccordingtocustomerneeds.
05Principleassemblyofacoil-woundheatexchangerforLNGplantsLiftingtrunnionBaffleplateHandholeBonnetBundleoutletnozzleTransitionjointPlatformstubsInsulationsupportringVesselshellTemperaturedetectorjunctionboxBundleinletnozzleTubesheetSkirtVacuumringShelloutletManholeShellinletPre-distributorTubebundlepigtailMandrelDistributorTubebundlewithalternatingwindingdirectionWhatisacoil-woundheatexchanger06WhatareourCWHEsusedforTherobustdesignandwidetemperatureandpressureenvelopeofourCWHEsmakethemidealforabroadspectrumofcryogenicandhigh-temperatureapplications,especiallywherefasttemperaturechangesandcyclicaltemperatureandpressureloadsarespecified.
Thefactthattheycanbemadeinavarietyofmaterialsmakesthemsuitedtoserviceinalmosteverychemicalenvironment.
OurCWHEsareusedmainlyforcleanfluidsinthefollowingplantsandapplications:→→LNGandnaturalgasprocessingplants→→AcidremovalinRECTISOLplants→→Solarthermalpowerplants→→Methanolsynthesis→→Shiftconversions→→Hydrogenation→→Methanation→→VaporisationwithwaterbathTypicaldimensionsofalargeCWHE:Length:60mDiameter:5mActivearea:35,000mDesigntemperature:–269°Cto+650°CDesignpressure:upto300bar(g)shellsideupto1400bar(g)tubesideWhatareourCWHEsusedforCoil-woundheatexchangerbundle.
07Weareintheuniquepositionofbeingabletocombinemorethan100years'experiencewiththesynergisedoperationalandengineeringexpertiseofourGasesandEngineeringDivisions.
ThisrichknowledgebaseensuresthateachCWHEistheperfectfitforindividualapplicationchallenges–servingcustomersbothwithinandbeyondTheLindeGroup.
Perfectfit.
Perfectfit.
Wematchthematerials,tubedimensionsandbundlegeometriestothespecificrequirementsofeachproject.
Customerscanalsorelyonourexpertsforprocessconsultingtooptimisetheoverallsystemdesign,increaseplantcapacityorreduceoperatingcostsfurtherdowntheline.
WidechoiceofmaterialsandconfigurationsTherearevirtuallynolimitstothechoiceofmaterialsforourCWHEs.
InLNGapplications,forinstance,aluminiumCWHEsareoftentheperfectchoiceduetotheircryogenicsuitabilityandlightweightdesign.
Forharshenvironmentssuchasoffshoresettingsandhigh-temperatureapplications,stainlesssteelmaybethemorerobustoption.
Forextremehigh-temperatureoperationssuchasmoltensaltapplications,specialcarbonsteelalloysareavailable.
Ofcourse,wealsoofferconventionalcarbonsteelforlessextremeenvironments.
Ourexpertsdesignandbuildequipmenttomatchindividualcustomerspecifications,alwayslookingforthebestperformanceandpriceratio.
Similarly,weaccommodateawiderangeofprocessconfigurations.
Wesupportjustabouteveryservice,includingco-currentandcounter-currentstreamlayouts,two-streamandmulti-streamconfigurations,fallingfilmevaporationandupwardscondensation,aswellasonce-throughsteamgenerationandreboileroperations.
Andifyouhavespecialrequirementsfordynamicloadchanges–forexamplefastdailystart-upsatsolarpowerplants–ourengineerswillcomeupwithaproposalthatgivesyoutheoperationalflexibilityyouneed.
>100years'experience.
CWHEsarepartofmanyprocessplants.
08CWHEsforLNGplantsCWHEsforLNGplants.
CharacteristicsOurCWHEsactasthemaincryogenicheatexchanger(MCHE)orprecoolerinnumerousLNGplantsworldwide.
BuildingondecadesofLNGexperienceandcontinuousdevelopment,ourCWHEstreatnaturalgaswiththeutmostefficiencyandoutstandingreliability.
Theyareusedindifferentliquefactionprocessesandcoverawideloadspectrumsuchas:World-scaleLNGplantapplications:→→HammerfestSnhvit(Norway)→→Brunei(Brunei)→→NorthWestShelf(Australia)→→Sakhalin(Russia)→→Pluto(Australia)Mid-scaleLNGplantapplications:→→Stavanger(Norway)→→Bintulu(Malaysia)→→Portovaya(Russia)→→Beiniuchuan(China)Benefits→→Highefficiencyduetoflowchanneloptimisationwithcomputationalfluiddynamics→→Highreliabilityandrobustnessduetopatentedbundlefixationandwindingprocesssupportedbyfiniteelementmethods→→Sophisticatedliquiddistributortocopewithwideloadranges→→PatentedadjustabletubesideanddistributorcontroltooptimiseheattransferatdifferentoperationpointsinordertomaximiseefficiencyorLNGoutput→→Elaboratequalitychecksofeverysinglecomponentbeforeassembly,e.
g.
liquiddistributortestsinourowntestingfacilitytoensureperfectperformanceofeverysingledistributor→→Choicebetweenstainlesssteeloraluminiumtomatchproject-specificrequirements09PackagingoptionsPackagingoptionsforLNGapplications.
WehavetheflexibilitytodesignandbuildCWHEstomatchproject-specificrequirements.
EspeciallyinLNGapplications,twoorthreebundlesinseriesarecommon.
Here,customerscanchoosewhatisknownasthe"rocket"arrangement,wherethebundlesareplacedontopofoneanotherinonelargepressurevesselwithaheightof60mormore,orasinglevesselforeachbundle.
TheCWHErocketdesignhastheadvantageofbeing"readytorun"whenitleavestheplant,whereassinglevesselshavetheadvantageofeasiertransportandmoreinstallationfreedom.
Specificprojectrequirements,countryspecificationsortransportrestrictionsmayinfluencethechoice.
CWHErocketdesign.
Singlevesseldesign.
10CWHEsforRECTISOLwashunitsCWHEsforRECTISOLwashunits.
ComparisonofSTHEvs.
CWHE.
CharacteristicsOurCWHEsareareliablesolutionforallRECTISOLprocesses,offeringoutstandingresultsduetotheirpurecounter-currentflowcharacteristic,robustnessandabilitytocoveralargecapacityrange.
Comparedwithshellandtubeheatexchangers(STHEs)inseries,whichcanalsobeused,CWHEshaveanumberofbenefits.
Benefits→→Dependingontheproject,thecapacityofoneCWHEcanequalsixSTHEs→→Reducedenergyconsumptionandlessneedforinsulation,steelstructure,instrumentationandpiping→→ReducedplotspaceofoneCWHEversussixSTHEs(seegraphicbelow)→→SeveralstreamscanbecooleddownorwarmedupinoneCWHE→→Vibration-freedesign→→Possibilityoftrouble-freeshellsidetwo-phaseflow11CWHEsaswaterbathvaporisersCWHEsaswaterbathvaporisers.
CharacteristicsOurwaterbathvaporisers(WBVs)arearobustandreliablesolutionforthegasificationofcryogenicfluidswithinaverylargecapacityrange.
AWBVunitconsistsofawater-filledvesselwithasubmergedcoiledtubebundle.
Thewatercanbepumped(forafast,responsivedesign)orflowinnaturalcirculation(forasimple,cost-effectivedesign).
Theliquefiedgasthatpassesthroughthetubesisinstantlyheatedbythewaterandthusvaporiseduptoproducttemperatureandpressure.
WBVsareprimarilyinstalledinback-upsystemsatairseparationplantsthatmustbestartedinamatterofseconds/minutestoensurecontinuousplantoperations.
However,theyarealsousedinpetrochemicalandLNGplants,forinstancetoheatflaregasorboil-offgas.
Benefits→→Vaporisationofuptothreeproductstreamsinonesingleheatexchanger→→Pressurebuild-upofcryogenictankscanbeincorporatedinthesameheatexchanger→→Increasedsafetyduetowaterbaththermalbufferintheeventofinterruptiontosteamsupply→→Optionalusageofspecialtubeinsertstoreducepressureandflowfluctuationsandthereforeimproveoperationalstabilityandprocesssafety→→Suitablesolutiontohandleiceformationduringnormaloperationduetoflexibleringdistributor→→SmallfootprintduetohighenergydensityandverticaldesignTypicaldimensionsofalargeWBV:Vesseldiameter:upto3.
5mVesselheight:upto11mHeatingsurface:upto1,000mPressure:upto400bar(g)tubesideTemperature:from–269°Ctoapprox.
+150°CNominalcapacity:upto150,000Nm/hBundleofawaterbathvaporiser.
Operationalstabilityandprocesssafety.
12CWHEsinmoltensaltapplicationsCWHEsinmoltensaltapplications.
CharacteristicsThemoltensaltheatexchangeristhecorecomponentinthermalenergystorage(TES)plants.
Here,theCWHEistypicallyoperatedconsecutivelyinchargeanddischargemode,withtheresultthatittransfersexcessiveheatenergytothestoragesystemontheonehand,and,ontheother,dischargesenergyfromthestoragesystembackintotheenergyloop.
Themaincharacteristicsofmoltensaltexchangersarehighworkingtemperatures,insomecaseshighpressure,wideloadrangevariationsduringthedayandquickstart-ups.
OurCWHEsareidealforheatstorageapplicationsduetotheirhighmechanicalflexibility,allowingveryfasttemperaturechangesinthemedia(typicalofsolarpowerplants).
Benefits→→Highmechanicalflexibilityduetoabilitytocopewithhightemperaturedifferencesandthermalstressduringchangeofoperationmode→→Combinationofco-currentandcounter-currentflowtoimprovetheefficiencyoftheTES→→Self-draininggeometry→→Reducedplotspaceandequipmentcountcomparedwithstraight-tubeheatexchangersGTypicalmoltensaltflowsheetSteamturbineHotstoragevesselColdstoragevesselCondenserSuperheaterSteamGeneratorSolarField(SF)MoltenSaltCycle270°CCharacteristicsOurisothermalreactorsarefixed-bedreactorssuitableforendothermicandexothermiccatalystreactionswithindirectheattransfer.
Themaindifferencebetweentheseandotherreactorswithintegratedheatexchangersisthatthehelicallycoiledtubesareimmersedinthecatalystbed.
Theyarecharacterisedbyasignificantlyhigherheattransfercomparedwithtubularreactorswithacatalystinsidethetubes,whichresultsinamuchsmallerheatingarea.
Forexample,thetubebundlesurfaceareaofourreactorisapproximately25%–45%smallerthanthatofatubularreactorwiththesameperformanceformethanolsynthesisprocesses.
Ourisothermalreactorscanbeusedforgas/gas,gas/liquidandliquid/liquidreactions,makingthemanexcellentsolutionforvariousprocessesinthechemicalindustry.
Theseinclude:→→Methanolsynthesis→→Shiftconversions→→Clausprocesses→→Hydrogenation→→Methanation→→CLINSULFsulfurrecoveryBenefits→→Highestcatalystvolumeperreactorvolumeforanisothermalreactor→→Comparativelylownumberoftubes,minimisingthediameterandwallthicknessofthehemisphericaltubesheets→→Costadvantagesthroughcompactdesign→→Easytemperaturecontrolbyadjustingthesteampressure→→Integratedsteamdrumwithnaturalboilerwatercirculation→→Smoothbehaviourduringcatalystactivation,normaloperation,faststart-upandshut-downproceduresandcatalystdeactivation→→ProvendesignwithnumerousrunningreferencesBundlesurfaceareaapprox.
25%–45%smallerthanatubularreactorformethanolsynthesis.
CirculationwaterGasexitGasentryBoilerfeedwaterCirculationwaterSteam14OverviewofserviceofferingsEquipmentdesign→→LifetimeestimationsinthecaseofcyclicloadsbymeansofFiniteElementAnalyses(FEA)→→ContinuousimprovementofCWHEsusingourin-housedesigntool,includingmethodsforheattransferandpressuredropseveninnon-equilibriumboilingregimesandforfallingfilmevaporation→→Closealignmentwithprocesssimulationtooptimisethermodynamic,hydraulicandmechanicaldesignsandminimisebothoperatingandcapitalexpenditureManufacturing→→FiniteElementAnalyses(FEA)toaddressseveralmanufacturingandwindingissues→→AllCWHEshavebeenmanufacturedatoursiteinGermanyforthepast60years→→CWHEscanbesuppliedinlinewithallmajordesigncodesLogisticsandinstallation→→Qualifiedandexperiencederectionengineers,fittersandwelders→→Executionand/orsupervisionofallCWHEinstallationworkonsite→→ShipmenttoanylocationworldwideOperationaldiagnosis→→Expertteamswiththerightqualifications,experience,certificatesandtools→→Emergencyteamforanalysisofunplannedshutdowns→→Inspectionsand,ifnecessary,fast-trackrepairservice→→SupportandoperatortrainingforthebestoperationofourCWHEs→→Optimisationofoperationsusing3DviewofinnerbundletemperaturedistributioncapturedbyfibreoptictemperaturesensorsOptimisationandrevampstudies→→Investigationofcapacityincreasepotentialatexistingplants→→Re-designstomoderniseoperations→→Executionofmodificationsitecampaigns(e.
g.
withupto115%ofitsnameplatecapacity)Researchanddevelopment→→Extensivein-housecryogenictestingfacilitiestoexplorenewdevelopments→→Validationofcalculationmethodswithownpilot-scaledtestplants(e.
g.
cryogenictestrigforLNGorqualificationoftubeinsertsforperformanceandstabilityimprovementstoWBVs)→→Geometryoptimisationusingcomputationalfluiddynamics(CFD)withcutting-edgetwo-phaseflowmodellingapproach360°serviceofferingsEquipmentdesignOptimisationandrevampstudiesLogisticsandinstallationResearchanddevelopmentManufacturingOperationaldiagnosis15OverviewofserviceofferingsManufacturingexcellenceAllcoil-woundheatexchangersaremanufacturedatourLindeEngineeringsiteinSchalchen,Germany.
TherewecombineleadingtechnologiesfromTheLindeGroupwithourprofessionalmanagementskillstosupportourcustomerswithtop-qualityproductsandvalue-addedservicessuchasfieldinstallationandadviceonoperation.
Tofindouthowyourprocessplantcanbenefitfromourworld-classtechnologies,globalreachandoutstandingsupportservices,visitlinde-engineering.
com/plantcomponentsorcontactyourlocalLindeEngineeringsalesoffice.
Readmore:linde-engineering.
com/plantcomponentsPublishedby:LindeAGEngineeringDivision,Dr.
-Carl-von-Linde-Strasse6–1482049Pullach,GermanyPhone+49897445-0,Fax+49897445-4908info@linde-le.
com,www.
linde-engineering.
comManufacturingsiteatSchalchen(Germany).
35300_LCS_0918Collaborate.
Innovate.
Deliver.
Linde'sEngineeringDivisionisaleadingplayerintheinternationalplantengineeringbusiness.
Acrosstheglobe,wehavedeliveredmorethan4,000plantsandcovereverystepinthedesign,projectmanagementandconstructionofturnkeyindustrialfacilities.
Ourprovenprocessandtechnologyknow-howplaysanindispensableroleinthesuccessofourcustomersacrossmultipleindustries–fromcrudeoil,naturalgasextractionandrefiningtochemicalandmetalprocessing.
AtLinde,wevaluetrusted,lastingbusinessrelationshipswithourcustomers.
Welistencarefullyandcollaboratecloselywithyoutomeetyourneeds.
Thisconnectioninspiresustodevelopinnovativeprocesstechnologiesandequipmentatourhigh-techR&Dcentres,labsandpilotplants–designedinclosecollaborationwithourstrategicpartnersanddeliveredwithpassionbyouremployeesworkinginmorethan100countriesworldwide.
FromthedeserttotheArctic,fromsmall-toworld-scale,fromstandardisedtocustomisedbuilds,ourspecialistsdevelopplantsolutionsthatoperatereliablyandcost-effectivelyunderallconditions.
Youcanalwaysrelyonustodeliverthesolutionsandservicesthatbestfityourneeds–anywhereintheworld.
Discoverhowwecancontributetoyoursuccessatwww.
linde-engineering.
comGetintouchwithourcomponentmanufacturingteam:Phone:+49862185-6473,e-mail:plantcomponents@linde-le.
comLindeisatradingnameusedbycompanieswithinTheLindeGroup.
TheLindelogoandtheLindewordaretrademarksofLindeAG.
RECTISOLandCLINSULFareEU-registeredtrademarksofTheLindeGroup.
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Plantengineering→→Airseparationplants→→LNGandnaturalgasprocessingplants→→Petrochemicalplants→→Hydrogenandsynthesisgasplants→→Chemicalplants→→Adsorptionplants→→Cryogenicplants→→Carboncaptureandutilisationplants→→Furnaces,firedheaters,incineratorsComponentmanufacturing→→Coldboxesandmodules→→Coil-woundheatexchangers→→Plate-finheatexchangers→→Cryogeniccolumns→→Cryogenicstoragetanks→→Liquefiedheliumtanksandcontainers→→Air-heatedvaporisers→→Waterbathvaporisers→→Spiral-weldedaluminiumpipesServices→→Revampsandplantmodifications→→Plantrelocations→→Spareparts→→Operationalsupport,troubleshootingandimmediaterepairs→→Long-termservicecontracts→→Expertreviewsforplants,operationsandsparepartinventory→→OperatortrainingCorecompetenciesataglance