土地新土改：推广土地股份化 专家建议政府不再直接经营-土地-政府-地方政府_新浪财经_新浪网中英对照

新土改推广土地股份化专家建议政府不再直接经营|土地|政府|地方政府_新浪财经_新浪

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Dispatch of legal evening paper (reporter Wang Gong) the research center develops in the StateCouncil to 18 3 in plenary meeting refers " 383 " in reforming scheme,put forward to allow ruralcollective land and state-owned land equality to enter blame is agricultural ground market,buildthe price system below unified land market. In the meantime, corresponding and contractivegovernment asks for ground limits.Code of policy of Ministry of Agriculture manages formerdirector Guo Shutian thinks, "383 " the proposal that rural land reform concerns in plan,what havesth in mind solves is rural land and urban land with the ground,coequal,problem that be the sameas valence, also academia and research organization of party card branch appeal this all the timefor years.Raw land bureau plans to manage Zhen Yuan of vice director Zheng puts forward, theland tax system that should build to counterpoise to match with local government thing,makelocal government casts off the dependence of gold of pair of land sell one's own things.Existencequestion government relies on to sell the ground to make money become Zhen Yuan of reformobstacle Zheng to say, active " land management method" still the method of period of plannedeconomy of continue to use:Standard of the compensation that ask for the ground is calculated bymultiple of former utility production value.Asked for the ground to compensate cost throughoutthe country to be every mus on average 200435 thousand yuan,and whole nation of gold of landsell one's own things is every mus on average 236 thousand yuan;Compensation specified amountraised every mus 200941 thousand yuan,gold of land sell one's own things rises every mus 518thousand yuan,difference is bigger and bigger.The compensation that ask for the ground is toolow, the farmer cannot be accepted impress forced releasing, change of homicide case of as aresult goes,create serious Guan Min contradiction, society contradiction. In the meantime, sell theground to become most local government to get the main measure of finance income.ZhengZhenyuan says,our country implemented minute of tax system 1994, in the center of turn over tothe higher authorities of income of much money tax, it is especially after 2007, local governmentis entered not apply goes out, ask for the ground to tear open change to make the basically laysmoney way of local government.Government from ask for the ground to tear open make moneyon change, taking money to start urban construction again.Thousands of city casts a company tolay in mortgage financing with land, owe 15-25 -727379968 places debt should rely on gains ofgold of sell one's own things to repay mostly.This kind of exciting to the dependence of gold ofland sell one's own things place asks for the ground more large-scaly,make local economy is onthe development road that cannot last,also become reform to impose the land system,barrier thatprotects farmer interest.Land index configuration is unreasonable bring about house price to riseZheng Zhenyuan says, since 1998, our country configures construction to use the land by planindex,but the complete message that because do not master each district market to direct,leavesland requirement, index is highbrow, cent cannot satisfy real requirement to basic level;Orbecause examine and approve formalities,be multifarious,cannot receive quota in time.The resultis or abandons building, or is not approved be used first or approve less multi-purpose,makeviolate the case that use the land to happen in great quantities.Construction had 1/3 to give largebuilding of the infrastructure such as railroad,highway and college town,government to wait forconstruction free transfer to use with ground index.Because land comes cheaply, enlarge thedimensions that use the land at will,make the figure proj ect such as luxurious governmentalbuilding is banned repeatedly more than, reduce land to use efficiency likewise.Additionally 2/3

index uses ground market to go up in two intersected construction paid sell one's own things,goup in industrial land market partly, governmental price, agreement (hind instead hangs out hisshingle) sell one's own things gives capital attraction the project.The proj ect is grabbed to contendfor between city county, control low-lying price eagerly,gratuitious even,bring about overmuchland to match park industry and developing zone, land extensive is used.Another section index issupplied in estate market set limit to,action pat hang out to let.Supply forestall, land rare be shortof and demand competes, cause price to upsurge, price is high,house price also subsequentlywhen the river rises the boat goes up too, can not afford high mostly to townsman of a gleam of,hire the situation that does not have a house. The expert suggests the government managescropland of land Guo book to say to the reporter directly no longer, local government usesadministration the method is collected from farmer hand or commandeer land, collect becommonweal sex, if repair railroad to wait, commandeer is management sex.This kind" alreadyump becomes an athlete again"part fixed position is a kind of amlposition.Governmental dutyshould be to supervise,program,adjust the interest concerns,and should not manage land directly.Should fulfil rural collective land and urban land to be the same as truly the ground,coequal andwith valence,must transform the function of local government.Guo Shutian says, the governmentcollects commonweal sex construction to use the land,must buy sheet by the government, theprice is not the government said to calculate, form according to land supply demand relations bythe market however. In the meantime, the government runs 2 class market no longer.Our countryshould assure 1.8 billion mus farmland red line, each district construction is measured with theground very big, it is demand on the whole big, supply is limited, expression is natural on landprice it is tall, the farmer is benefited. Present collective is all, it is actually turn land intocollective organization certain leader all.Guo Shutian does not agree with complete land to bechanged demesne, return droit the farmer.Because Chinese country is a smallholder economy,counteractive market and natural disaster ability are very weak.Once land demesne, land may behad actual strength person annex, a large number of farmers that do not have the ground canappear again.Should popularize Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Guangdong to wait develop the land sharethat province carries out is changed, collective all land counterpoise truly by certain limits, thefarmer serves as the shareholder that become a shareholder,mix the droit of land so managecontract power is centralized rose, land can be on the move. Still can allow an enterprise to run afarm, drive a farmer to do farming industrial and commercial unifinication. But the sharecooperation that must pass a farmer,negotiate to it on behalf of farmer interest by cooperation.Should stipulate eliminate produces the profit beyond cost, return by equity still share out bonus;Want to provide service of socialization of antenatal,postpartum to the farmer at the same time, ifproduce a data to supply, postpartum buy etc;Take out one share profit to run social welfareenterprise for the country even.The 4 large stage of changes of Chinese land system of thefirst phase (1947, 1953) will be feudal private ownership of land of peasant of land tenureinstead. of the 2nd phase (1953, 1978) is carry out national industrialization, executiveplanned economy. In the city, transform through 3 big socialism urban land nationalization;Be ina country, execute collaboration is changed and people commune is changed, establish landcollective system of ownership,but the farmer counterpoises with use accrual without completeownership. In these two kinds communal and public land state ownership falls, land usesefficiency very low.Rural land collectivize 20 years, had not solved commissariat problem;Industrial land extensive is used and waste is very big, and the city is in short supply with the

ground, housing insecurity. of the 3rd phase (1980, 1998) is complete 1980compatriots mouth from found a state 500 million increase to 1 billion, appeared farmland andconstruction contend for ground contradiction with the ground.To solve commissariat problem,began reform 1980, execute couplet to produce contract system of job responsibility, still give apeasant right of administration;On state-owned land, because appeared enterprise of privateenterprise, foreign capital, the droit of will state-owned land and access are detached, establishconstruction to use ground access paid sell one's own things is used to the enterprise of all sorts ofeconomy composition.The essence that systems of these land property right reform is an insteadof communal and public land state ownership communal illicit is used,aroused the enthusiasm ofthe person that land is used greatly,4 years short time solved problem of dress warmly and earone's fill.System side runs in land,appeared 1985 farmland decreases greatly,grain big reductionin production,came on stage to be main goal in order to protect farmland 1986" land managementmethod"with national land management board,execute interconnected system of urban and ruralland to be in charge of. of the 4th phase (1998 up to now) was revised 1998 " landmanagement method" ,construction of strict protection farmland, strict control is a target with theground.The regulation prohibits collective land enters town, enlarge the limits that ask for theground, collect collective land to serve as the only way that adds construction newly to use theland,use the supply of the ground and configuration by governmental monopoly farmland andconstruction.Governmental work out plans and plan, the farmland that makes instruction sexretains quantity,construction uses the control index such as ground gross,provide centralization ofstate power of a height trival administration examines and approve a system.Execute this to covera system nearly 10 years to come, ask for the ground through low, change for industrialized, cityofferred 3.74 million hectare cheap land;Country curtilage base cannot flow, impose restriction ofcensus register system, the farmer is versed in cannot the citizen is changed, carried for urbanindustry and commerce 260 million cheap labour force;The low that passes planned economyasks for the costly sell one's own things of the ground and market economy, the governmentachieves peace treaty of gold of 15.2 trillion sell one's own things gains of gold of 9.7 trillion sellone's own things and loan of nearly 6 trillion mortgage (land guaranty borrowed money 2012remaining sum) ,capital of this low cost supported national infrastructure construction and urbanconstruction greatly,make China makes a product be able to infiltrate with low cost advantage atthe same time international market, the economic high speed that facilitated nearly 10 yearsdevelops.Reform tax system lets a government cast off pair of land to depend on Zheng Zhenyuanto say,want to perfect minute of tax system, build the land tax system that matchs withphotograph of authority of local government responsibility,make the place casts off thedependence of gains of pair of gold of land sell one's own things.Guo Shutian expresses, 67become finance income come from local government the accrual of land,accordingly, land reformwhile should undertake tax system is reformed, assure local finance source.Tax system reformshould adjust central finance and relation of local financial scale above all,at present our countryadopts minute of tax system,head of central give oneself airs,occupy about 51%, local finance isoccupied 49%.And the place includes province, city, county, country 4 class finance, a littleout-of-the-way, impoverished area still includes a village one class finance, country governmentsends salary to village cadre.Guo Shutian says to the reporter,3 in plenary meeting should be metinvolve tax system innovation,but should be macroscopical,whether can involve issue of revenueof financial of specific land,place very it's hard to say,but these are to must want reform.This

edition article/cartography of reporter Wang Gong/Li Ming