数据库数据自动备份

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|预览:Preview:Oracle自治数据库OracleAutonomousDatabase胡维WeiHu副总裁VicePresident数据库系统技术DatabaseSystemsTechnologiesCopyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|Oracle自治数据库愿景Oracle'sVisionforAutonomousDatabase自治驾驶Self-Driving–用户定义服务级别,数据库确保其实现Userdefinesservicelevels,DBmakesthemhappen自治安全Self-Securing–保护免受恶意内部用户和外部用户攻击Protectionfrombothexternalattacksandmaliciousinternalusers自治修复Self-Repairing–自动保护避免所有停机Automatedprotectionfromalldowntime3自治数据库Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|自治数据库目标AutonomousDatabaseGoals更少的人工、成本、错误MuchLessLabor,Costs,Errors更高的安全性、可靠性MuchMoreSecure,Reliable对于开发人员来说,非常容易使用工业强度数据库开展工作MucheasierfordeveloperstogetstartedwithanindustrialstrengthDB支持大型企业关键业务工作负载SupportMissionCriticalworkloadsatthebiggestenterprises运行于Oracle公有云或CloudatCustomerRuninPublicCloudorCloudatCustomer四年的努力,目前正Beta测试FouryeareffortthatisinBetatestnow4自治数据库Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|OracleDatabase9i,10g自动存储管理(ASM)AutomaticStorageManagement(ASM)自动内存管理AutomaticMemoryManagement自动数据库诊断监视AutomaticDBDiagnosticMonitor(ADDM)自动工作负载信息资料库(AWR)AutomaticWorkloadRepository(AWR)自动Undo表空间AutomaticUndotablespaces自动段空间管理AutomaticSegmentSpaceManagement自动统计信息收集AutomaticStatisticsGathering自动备用管理(代理)AutomaticStandbyManagement(Broker)自动查询重写AutomaticQueryRewriteOracleDatabase11g,12c自动SQL调优AutomaticSQLTuning自动工作负载回放AutomaticWorkloadReplaySQL监视自动捕获AutomaticCaptureofSQLMonitor自动数据优化AutomaticDataOptimization自动存储索引AutomaticStorageIndexes自动列缓存AutomaticColumnarCache自动诊断框架AutomaticDiagnosticFramework自动数据库克隆更新AutomaticRefreshofDatabaseCloning自动健康框架AutonomousHealthFramework5自治数据库之旅JourneytoAutonomousDatabase几十年来,甲骨文一直在开发复杂的数据库自动化系统OraclehasbeendevelopingsophisticateddatabaseautomationfordecadesCopyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|自治数据库之旅JourneytoAutonomousDatabase通过工程化系统,Oracle自动化数据库基础设施WithEngineeredSystems,OracleautomatedDBinfrastructure6Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|自治数据库之旅JourneytoAutonomousDatabase云使Oracle能够交付完全自治的数据库CloudenablesOracletodeliveraFullyAutonomousDB–扩展的数据库自动化ExpandedDBAutomation–集成了完整的基础设施自动化Integratedwithcompleteinfrastructureautomation–还有额外的运营自动化,HA,安全等Withadditionalautomationforoperations,HA,security,etc.
7世界上领先的数据库现在是世界上巨简单的数据库World'sBestDatabaseisNowWorld'sSimplest自治数据库Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|传统上,DBA负责:TraditionallyDBAsareResponsiblefor:8通用任务GenericTasks–系统、网络、存储的配置和调优Configurationandtuningofsystems,network,storage–数据库供应,打补丁DBprovisioning,patching–数据库备份,H/A,灾难恢复DBbackups,H/A,disasterrecovery–数据库优化DBoptimization特定业务任务TasksSpecifictoBusiness–架构,规划和数据建模Architecture,planning,datamodeling–数据安全和数据生命周期管理Datasecurityanddatalifecyclemanagement–应用程序关联调优Applicationrelatedtuning–端到端服务级别管理End-to-EndservicelevelmanagementCopyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|通用任务GenericTasks–系统、网络、存储的配置和调优Configurationandtuningofsystems,network,storage–数据库供应,打补丁Databaseprovisioning,patching–数据库备份,H/A,灾难恢复Databasebackups,H/A,disasterrecovery–数据库优化Databaseoptimization特定业务任务TasksSpecifictoBusiness–架构,规划和数据建模Architecture,planning,datamodeling–数据安全和数据生命周期管理Datasecurityanddatalifecyclemanagement–应用程序关联调优Applicationrelatedtuning–端到端服务级别管理End-to-Endservicelevelmanagement自治数据库消除了通用任务AutonomousDatabaseRemovesGenericTasks9DBA从繁杂事务中解放出来,拥有了更多时间去创新、提升业务自治数据库Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|议程Agenda完全的端到端自动化FullEnd-to-EndAutomation特定的工作负载SpecializedbyWorkload数据库管理员的角色RoleofDatabaseAdministrator12310Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|完全的端到端自动化FullEnd-to-EndAutomation自治数据库必须更安全、更高可用AutonomousDBmustbeMORESecureandMOREAvailable–数据库是至关重要的–没有人想让自己自动破产DBsarecritical-noonewantstoautomatethemselvesintobankruptcy是什么让这一切成为可能:Whatmakesthispossible:–专业化–Oracle有成千上万的工程师,可以熟练地自动化所有领域Specialization-Oraclehasthousandsofengineers,canexpertlyautomateallareas–标准化–云规模化使规模化学习,规模经济成为可能Standardization-Cloudscaleenableslearningatscaleandeconomiesofscale自动化是旅程–像其它所有技术一样AutomationisaJourney–likeeveryothertechnology–初始版本自动化非常完整Initialreleaseautomationisverycomplete–自动化将不断变得越来越聪明,越来越好Willkeepgettingsmarterandbetter11自治数据库Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|自动vs.
自治Automatedvs.
Autonomous客户可以选择仅使用自动化或将所有管理移交给Oracle云运营进行自治运营CustomercanchoosetojustuseautomationorhandoverallmanagementtoOracleCloudOperationsforAutonomousoperation如果客户将管理移交给Oracle,那么:IfCustomerhandsovermanagementtoOraclethen:–无需提供数据库和OS管理员权限DBandOSAdministratorPrivilegesarenotneededandnotprovided–异常和失败案例由Oracle专家处理ExceptionandfailuresarehandledbyOracleexperts回报是巨大的–消除通用任务,减少人工,降低成本,减少错误,同时增加安全性和可用性Payoffishuge-eliminategenerictasks,reducelabor,reducecosts,reduceerrors,whileincreasingsecurityandavailability12Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|自治数据库自动供应AutonomousDatabaseisAutomaticallyProvisioned预构建,预优化,预测试Pre-built,pre-optimized,pre-tested13Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|自动供应AutomaticallyProvisioned自动供应一个可伸缩、高可用的数据库Automaticallyprovisionsascalable,highlyavailableDB–查找、分配和配置所有需要的硬件和软件Find,allocate,andconfigureallneededhardwareandsoftware–为客户或工作组提供私有的软件定义网络Privatesoftwaredefinednetworkforcustomerorworkgroup–服务器,存储,虚拟机Server,Storage,VirtualMachine–OracleDatabase18c容器或可插拔数据库OracleDatabase18cContainerorPluggableDatabase–可伸缩的RAC集群ScalableRACCluster–远程备用数据库与第三区域的观察者进行自动故障转移RemoteStandbyDatabasewithObserveratthirdregionforautomaticfailover最初的版本运行在Exadata公共云和ExadataCloudatCustomerInitialreleasesrunonExadataPublicCloudandExadataCloudatCustomer14Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|15自治数据库自动在线打补丁AutonomousDatabaseAutomaticallyPatchesItselfOnlineCopyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|自动打补丁AutomaticallyPatchesItself一季度一次全堆栈打补丁Fullstackpatchingonceaquarter–固件,OS,VM,Clusterware,数据库,使用预构建的Gold映像Firmware,OS,VM,Clusterware,Database,usingprebuiltGoldImage–打补丁前运行预先检查,以确保可靠性Pre-checksrunindaysbeforepatchingtoensurereliability跨集群节点的滚动式应用,以获得可用性Appliedinarollingfashionacrossnodesofclusterforavailability客户指定维护窗口Customerspecifiesmaintenancewindow–打补丁的时间自动选定,客户可以覆盖Timetoapplypatchisautomaticallyselected,customercanoverrideOracle云每天为成千上万的系统打补丁OracleCloudpatchesthousandsofsystemsinaday–打补丁的规模极大地提高了自动化和可靠性Scaleofpatchinghasdrivenhugeimprovementsinautomationandreliability16Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|17自治数据库自动保护自己AutonomousDatabaseAutomaticallySecuresItselfCopyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|自动保护自己AutomaticallySecuresItself自动保护免受外部攻击AutomatedProtectionfromexternalattacks–自动在线应用最新的安全更新Automaticallyapplieslatestsecurityupdatesonline–原生加密可以防止数据库外部的数据访问Nativeencryptionpreventsdataaccessfromoutsidethedatabase允许由客户现有的安全模块(HSM)管理密钥Allowskeystobemanagedbycustomer'sexistingSecurityModule(HSM)将结合DatabaseAwareKeyManagement云服务WillinterfacewithDBAwareKeyManagementCloudService自动保护抵御恶意的内部用户AutomatedProtectionfrommaliciousinternalusers–DatabaseVault防止管理员看到用户数据DatabaseVaultpreventsadministratorsfromseeinguserdata–DataMasking发现和遮蔽测试人员的敏感数据DataMaskingfindsandconcealssensitivedatafromtestersOracle员工被锁定在"破碎玻璃"程序中,有客户的批准,Oracle运维才能够访问系统Oraclestaffislockedout-welldefined"breakglass"procedure,withcustomerapproval,forOracleOperationstoaccesssystem18Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|19自治数据库自动监控自己AutonomousDatabaseAutomaticallyMonitorsItselfCopyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|自动监控自己AutomaticallyMonitorsItself监控关键部件的容量限制和瓶颈Monitorsforcapacitylimitsandbottlenecksinkeycomponents–CPU,内存,存储,网络CPU,Memory,Storage,Network–确保资源枯竭不会导致性能低下或中断Ensuresresourceexhaustiondoesnotcausepoorperformanceoroutage–警报阈值因应用程序而异,例如OLTPvs.
数据仓库Alertthresholdsvarybyapplication,e.
g.
OLTPvsWarehouse资源管理阻止一个用户或数据库独占资源ResourceManagementpreventsoneuserordatabasefrommonopolizingresources集群健康监视器使用机器学习监视活动,识别异常事件,并推荐(或自动执行)纠正措施ClusterHealthMonitorusesMachineLearningtomonitoractivity,recognizeanomalouseventsandrecommend(orautomaticallyimplements)correctiveactions20Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|21自治数据库自动伸缩AutonomousDatabaseAutomaticallyScalesCopyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|自动弹性和伸缩AutomatedElasticityandScaling独立的计算和存储伸缩Independentscalingofcomputeandstorage–在线添加和删除cpu或整个计算或存储服务器AddandremoveCPUsorentirecomputeorstorageserverscompletelyonline在客户定义范围内即时自动伸缩Instantlyauto-scaleswithincustomerdefinedlimits弹性消除了过度供应,降低了成本Elasticityeliminatesoverprovisioning,reducingcosts22Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|23自治数据库自动备份AutonomousDatabaseAutomaticallyBacksItselfUPCopyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|自动备份AutomaticallyBackedUp备份计划在夜间进行Backupsarescheduledonnightlybasis备份到数据库备份云服务ToDatabaseBackupCloudService或未来的零数据丢失恢复云服务,以获取OrZeroDataLossRecoveryCloudServiceinthefuturefor备份的保留时间是可配置的RetentionTimeforbackupsisconfigurable24Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|25自治数据库自动抵抗失败AutonomousDatabaseAutomaticallyWithstandsFailuresCopyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|自动抵抗失败AutomaticallyWithstandsFailures自治数据库必须比手动数据库安全AutonomousDBmustbesaferthanmanuallyoperatedDB超常的SLA保证:ExceptionalSLAGuarantee:–99.
995NRX%(NoRidiculouseXclusions)–如果一个月内停机时间多于2.
5分钟,保证触发Guaranteedtriggeredifthereismorethan2.
5minutesdowntimeamonth–包括打补丁和升级,数据库bug,区域性中断Includespatchingandupgrade,databasebugs,regionaloutages使用Oracle最佳实践构建了HA的应用程序通常会看到暂停,而不是失败AppsthatarearchitectedforHAwillusuallyseepauses,notfailures26中断Outage主要功能KeyFeature可能的停机时间PotentialDowntime服务器中断(HA)ServerOutage(HA)RAC接近于零Near-Zero区域性中断,灾难恢复RegionalOutage,DisasterRecoveryADG数秒Seconds数据损坏DataCorruptionADG零Zero补丁(更新)Patches(Updates)RAC接近于零Near-Zero数据库升级DatabaseUpgradeADG数秒Seconds表/索引变更Table/IndexChangesRedef零Zero用户错误UserErrorFlashback时间取决于错误TimeSinceErrorCopyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|27自治数据库自动诊断性能AutonomousDatabaseAutomaticallyDiagnosesPerformanceCopyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|自动诊断性能AutomaticallyDiagnosesPerformance自治数据库包括Oracle的行业领先诊断自动化AutonomousDatabaseincludesOracle'sindustryleadingdiagnosticsautomation自动数据库诊断监视器(ADDM)AutomaticDatabaseDiagnosticMonitor(ADDM)–自动诊断性能问题的根因Automaticallydiagnosesrootcauseofperformanceissues–A.
I.
(专家系统)A.
I.
(ExpertSystem)活动工作负载资料档案库(AWR)ActiveWorkloadRepository(AWR)–自动保留详细的性能和资源利用历史Keepsdetailedperformanceandresourceutilizationhistory实时SQL监控Real-TimeSQLMonitoring–自动诊断如何在SQL语句中使用资源AutomaticallydiagnoseshowresourcesareusedinSQLstatements28Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|29自治数据库自动优化AutonomousDatabaseAutomaticallyOptimizesItselfCopyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|自动优化AutomaticallyOptimizesItself自治数据库包括Oracle的行业领先数据库优化自动化AutonomousDBincludesOracle'sindustryleadingdatabasetuningautomation许多数据库算法自我优化–缓存、锁定、存储索引、卸载等ManyDBalgorithmsselfoptimize–caching,locking,storageindexes,offload.
.
随着新数据的加载,优化器现在通过收集统计数据进一步自动化Optimizerautomaticallygathersstatisticsasnewdataisloaded自动SQL(Re)调优AutomaticSQL(Re)Tuning–机器学习技术,基于新鲜的统计数据不断重新评估SQL计划并建议/实现更好的计划Machinelearningtechnologythatisconstantlyre-evaluatingSQLplansbasedonthelateststatisticsandrecommending/implementingbetterplans优化是与工作负载相关的,例如OLTPvs.
分析,因此我们指定服务Tuningisworkloaddependent–e.
g.
OLTPvsanalyticssowespecializeservices优化是一个极其困难的问题Tuningisanextremelydifficultproblem–即使安排一辆卡车来优化运输也是非常复杂Evenschedulingafleetoftruckstooptimallymakedeliveriesisincrediblycomplex–数据库具有许多必须考虑的自由度和权衡Databasehasmanydegreesoffreedomandtradeoffsthatmustbeconsidered30Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|31自治数据库自动处理错误AutonomousDatabaseAutomaticallyHandlesErrorsCopyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|自动处理错误AutomaticallyHandlesErrors使用关键的诊断工具扫描堆栈所有层的问题Scansforissuesacrossalllayersofstackusingkeydiagnostictools–ORAchk,EXAchk,oswatcher,procwatcher等ORAchk,EXAchk,oswatcher,procwatcher,etc.
如果出现错误:Ifanerroroccurs:–收集所有相关的诊断数据Collectsallrelevantdiagnosticdata–分析日志,建立一个基线,以区分最初的问题和附带后果Analyseslogstoestablishatimelinetodistinguishinitialproblemfromside-effects–上传到OracleSupportUploadstoOracleSupport–机器学习算法分析诊断与已知原因相匹配MachineLearningalgorithmanalysesdiagnosticstomatchtoknowncauseOracle工程使用机器学习来防止问题发生OracleEngineeringusingMachineLearningtopreventissuesfromhappening–预期客户可能会碰上的bug,并优先修复这些缺陷Anticipatebugscustomersarelikelytohit,andprioritizefixingthosefirst–确定回归测试开发人员在修改代码时应该首先运行Determineregressionteststorunfirstwhenmodifyingcode32Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|议程Agenda完全的端到端自动化FullEnd-to-EndAutomation特定的工作负载SpecializedbyWorkload数据库管理员的角色RoleofDatabaseAdministrator12333Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|自治数据库–基于用例优化OneAutonomousDatabase–OptimizedbyUseCase34Oracle自治数据库OracleAutonomousDatabase企业级OLTP,混合负载EnterpriseOLTP,MixedWorkloads数据仓库DataWarehousing部门,开发者Departments,Developers20172018现在NowCopyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|议程Agenda完全的端到端自动化FullEnd-to-EndAutomation特定的工作负载SpecializedbyWorkload数据库管理员的角色RoleofDatabaseAdministrator12335Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|数据库管理员的疑问和恐惧DatabaseAdministratorQuestionsandFears我的工作会消失吗Willmyjobgoaway我的工作会改变吗Willmyjobchange我将失去控制权WillIlosecontrol36Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|现实vs.
恐惧Realityvs.
Fears您的工作不会消失–缺乏熟练的数据库专家Yourjobwillnotgoaway-thereisashortageofskilledDBexperts–数据库自动化已经改善了几十年DBautomationhasbeenimprovingfordecades但您的工作将会改变,所以您必须改变Yourjobwillchange,soyoumustchange你会花更少的时间在一般的维护上,花更多的时间去创新Youwillspendlesstimeongenericmaintenance,moretimeinnovating业务上花更多的时间Moretimewiththebusiness–做更多的项目,减少积压,从数据中获得更多的价值Domoreprojects,getmorevaluefromdata与开发者花更多时间Moretimewithdevelopers–优化数据访问,提高最终用户体验Optimizingdataaccess,improvingend-userexperience花更多的时间在新技术上,如:机器学习MoretimeonnewtechniqueslikeMachineLearning37Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|数据库管理员必须确保端到端服务级别DatabaseAdministratorMustEnsureEnd-to-EndServiceLevels专注于优化应用程序和数据库如何协同工作FocusonoptimizinghowappsandDBsworktogether:–定义良好的数据模型和良好的SQLDefinegooddatamodel,andgoodSQL–避免行一次处理,重复登录/解析Avoidrowatatimeprocessing,andrepeatedlogins/parsing–了解并行、计划、索引、分区等的权衡Understandtradeoffsinparallelism,plans,indexes,partitions,etc.
–确保对敏感数据进行端到端保护Ensurethatsensitivedataiskeptsecureend-to-end–请注意应用程序要求什么–数据库将完全做到这一点Bewarewhatanappasksfor–DBwilldoexactlythat需要云系统,云网络,云存储方面的新技能NeednewskillsinCloudSystems,CloudNetworking,CloudStorage–DBA做容量规划,监视,确保完整的堆栈按预期工作DBAsizes,monitors,ensuresfullstackworksasexpected数据库管理员将获得更多的控制权DatabaseAdministratorwillgainmorecontrol–将负责端到端服务级别的控制Willbeinchargeof,andincontrolof,end-to-endservicelevels38Copyright2016,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.
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|总结:Oracle自治数据库Summary:OracleAutonomousDatabase世界上第一个自治关键业务数据库World'sFirstAutonomousMissionCriticalDB–自治驾驶,自治安全,自治修复Self-Driving,Self-Securing,Self-Repairing–完全的端到端自动化FullEnd-to-EndAutomation–更少人工,更低成本,更少错误,更高安全性,更可靠LessLabor,LowerCost,FewerErrors,MoreSecure,MoreReliable–将DBAs从乏味的通用操作中解放出来,以进行更多的创新FreesDBAsfromgenericoperationaldrudgerytoinnovatemore运行Runs–世界第一数据库,特定的工作负载World's#1Database,SpecializedbyWorkload–在公有云或CloudatCustomerInPublicCloudorCloudatCustomer39自治数据库