农业科学nation

RECOLLECTIONProfessorTafuYu:aneminentagriculturalscientistandoutstandingeducatorofourredTag"style="COLOR:#000000;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#ffff00">nationShuangZhao1,TiantianXu1,HexiangWang2&1InstituteofPlantandEnvironmentProtection,BeijingAcademyofAgricultureandForestrySciences,BeijingEngineeringResearchCenterforEdibleMushroom,Beijing100097,China2StateKeyLaboratoryofAgrobiotechnologyandCollegeofBiologicalSciences,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing100193,China&Correspondence:hxwang@cau.
edu.
cn(H.
Wang)Prof.
TafuYu(1901–1993)(Fig.
1)isapioneeringscientistofphytopathologyandagriculturalmicrobiologyinChina.
Likemostofthescientistsofhisgeneration,Prof.
YugaveuptheattractiveconditionsabroadandwentbacktoChinawiththedetermiredTag"style="COLOR:#000000;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#ffff00">nationtorescuetheredTag"style="COLOR:#000000;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#ffff00">nationwithhisknowledge.
Hehasdevotedhisentirelifetothedevelopmentofphy-topathologyinChinasince1924.
Prof.
Yuisalsoadistin-guishededucatorwhohasinstructedandinspiredseveralgenerationsoftalentstudentsforthecountryandhasmadeoutstandingcontributionstothedevelopmentoftheagricul-turalscienceandeducationinChina.
Prof.
Yuwasbornin1901inawell-educatedfamilyinNanjing,JiangsuProvince.
Atthattime,Chinawassufferingfromdomesticstrifeandforeigninvasion,withweaknessandpovertybeingthemajorissues.
Prof.
Yu'sparentshopedthattheirchildrencouldstudydifferentdisciplinessothattheycanusetheirknowledgelaterontorescuethecountryindifferentways,suchasscience,educationandindustry.
Prof.
Yugaveuphisoriginalmajorinphysicsandchemistryanddecidedtostudyagricultureinordertosolvetheprob-lemsofpoverty,backwardagricultureandsevereplantdis-easesforChina.
In1924,heobtainedhisbachelor'sdegreefromtheCollegeofAgricultureinNanjingJinlingUniversity.
Duringthattime,healsoworkedasateachingassistant.
In1928,Prof.
YucontinuedhisstudyinIowaStateUniversityintheUnitedStatesandreceivedhisdoctoraldegreeandaGolden-Keyawardin1932.
ThenhebecameamemberoftheAmericanPhytopathologicalSocietyandSigma-Xi.
Healsoreceiveda"PhiBetaKappa"awardoftheUnitedStates.
Prof.
YureturnedbacktoChinaaftergraduationin1932andservedasaprofessoratNanjingJinlingUniversity(Fig.
2),andlateronasaprofessorattheAgriculturalResearchInstituteofTsinghuaUniversity.
HewasthenappointedasdirectorandprofessoroftheCollegeofAgri-cultureinPekingUniversity,priortotakingupthepositionsofacademicianandsenatoroftheCentralResearchInstitute.
FollowingthefoundingofPeople'sRepublicofChina,hestartedhiscareerasaneducatoratBeijingAgriculturalUniversityasthePresident.
In1955,hewaselectedasoneoftherstgenerationofacademiciansoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesandoneyearlater,hewaselectedastheCommunicationsAcademicianoftheSovietAcademyofAgriculturalSciences.
Prof.
YuwasamemberofthesecondandthirdCPPCCredTag"style="COLOR:#000000;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#ffff00">nationalcommitteeandamemberofthefourth,fthandsixthstandingcommittee(Qing,2007).
HealsoservedsuccessivelyasvicepresidentofChineseAssociationofAgriculturalScienceSocieties,andchairmanofChinaSocietyofPlantProtectionandchairmanofChi-neseSocietyforPlantPathology.
Prof.
Yuwasapioneerofmodernplantpathologyandalsotheauthorityofplantbacteriology,plantvirology,plantdiseaseresistancebreeding,diseasephysiologyandotherareasinChina.
Hestudiedcropssuchascerealcrops,beans,fruittreesandvegetables,aswellascroppathogensincludingfungi,bacteriaandviruses.
Headoptedthepre-ventionandcontrolstrategies,includingseedtreatment,chemicalpreventionandcontrol,cultivatingdisease-resis-tantvarietiesetc.
Prof.
YudiscoveredthatUrocystistriticiexhibitedthecharacteristicofphysiologicaldifferentiationandinitiatedtheresearchesonphysiologicalbreedingsinChina.
Prof.
Yupublishedmorethan110researcharticlesininterredTag"style="COLOR:#000000;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#ffff00">nationalanddomesticacademicjournals,10mono-graphsand8translatedarticles.
Inthe1920sand1930s,Prof.
Yuinvestigatedthebreedingofdisease-resistantcer-ealcropsandseeddisinfectionmethods,clariedtheinfectionpatternsofbarleysmutandstripedisease,bredTheAuthor(s)2018.
ThisarticleisanopenaccesspublicationProteinCell2019,10(8):545–549https://doi.
org/10.
1007/s13238-017-0494-3Protein&CellProtein&Cellcropvarietiessuchassmut-resistantwheat,blight-resistantsoybean,andblast-resistantrice.
Healsolaunchedastudyonthephysiologicalstrainsofthesmutfungus.
In1940s,Prof.
YuwasinvitedtoteachinTsinghuaAgri-culturalResearchInstituteinSouthwestAssociatedUniver-sityinKunming.
AtthetimeduringtheWaragainstJapaneseaggression,heconductedscienticresearchesunderextremelydifcultconditions.
HediscoveredthatUrocystistriticidisplayedthecharacteristicsofphysiologicaldifferen-tiationandperformedinvestigationsondiseasesthatoccurredduringfruitstorage.
Concurrently,healsocarriedoutacomprehensivestudyonthediseasesthataffectedthemilletandbroadbean.
Prof.
Yupublishednumerousscien-ticpaperswhichrepresentaclassicliteratureofmanycriticalplantdiseasesinChina.
AfterthefoundingofPeople'sRepublicofChina,Prof.
Yuhadmorefreedomforhisscienticresearches.
Atthattime,largeareaoffarmlandinthecountrywasdamagedbyplantdiseases,suchasapplevalsacankerdisease,potatolateblightdisease,milletredleafdiseaseandcitrusscabdis-ease(Yu,1951).
AppointedbytheMinistryofAgriculture,Prof.
Yuledaresearchteamtoinvestigatetheaffectedfarmland(Fig.
3),topreventthespreadingoftheplantdis-eases,theytrytheirbesttoconductin-depthresearches,executeeffectivepreventionandcontrolmethods(Yu,1953).
Hetrainedanumberofplantquarantinepersonnelforthepreventionandcontrolofplantdiseases,whichlaidthefoundationoftheplantdiseasequarantineworkinChina.
In1955,hewashonoredasamemberoftherstChineseAcademyofScienceCommitteeandhisworkwashighlypraisedbythePartyCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncil.
In1958,Prof.
YuandhiscolleaguescarriedoutresearchesongibberellinsinBeijingAgriculturalUniversity,wheretheydevelopedtheGibberellazeaestrainsandlledinthegapsingibberellinresearchandproductioninChina(Rongetal.
,2017).
Duringthe1960s,Prof.
Yumainlyfocusedonthebasicresearchesandstudiedfungalheteronucleargenetics,classicationandidenticationofFusariumspeciesaswellasselectedbreedingofhigh-yieldGibberellazeaestrains(Yu,1977).
HisstudiesrevealedthatGibberellazeaeformedheterokaryonsinnaturefromthreedifferentkaryotypes,andprovedthatstrainswithdifferentheterokaryonsvariedingibberellinproductionandpara-sitism.
Hisndingseffectivelydemonstratedwhethertheheteronuclearphenomenonprevailedinnature,along-termcontroversialquestion.
Itnotonlyconrmedthatfungalheterokaryonwasimplicatedinmutationsofpathogenicfungi,butalsoimprovedthetargetingofbreedingfordis-ease-resistance.
Hisachievementsfacilitatedtheupgradingofthemethodsforpreventionandtreatmentofplantdis-easesfrompassivetherapytoactiveprevention,whichhadasignicantlong-termimpactonagriculturalproduction.
ThisachievementattainedanadvancedscienticlevelandwasawardedtherstprizeofScienceandTechnologyAchievementsfromMinistryofAgriculture,AnimalFigure1.
Prof.
TafuYu(1901–1993).
RECOLLECTIONShuangZhaoetal.
546TheAuthor(s)2018.
ThisarticleisanopenaccesspublicationProtein&CellHusbandryandFisheriesin1980.
Prof.
Yu'sresearchesimplementedanintimateassociationbetweensolvingagri-culturalproductionissuesandpromotingthedevelopmentofagriculturalproducingsystem.
Prof.
Yuspenthisentirelife-timetotacklethediseasesencounteredinagriculturalpro-ductioninChina.
HehasmadespectacularaccomplishmentsforChina'sagriculturalproductionpracticeconditions,whichprofoundlyenhancedthedevelopmentofagricultureinChina.
Besidesdevotinghimselftoagriculturalresearches,Prof.
Yuwasalsodedicatedtoagriculturaleducation.
HewastrulyaprestigiousandinuentialagriculturaleducatorofChina.
AfterthevictoryoftheAnti-JapaneseWar,Prof.
YuwasappointedtorebuildtheCollegeofAgricultureinPekingUniversity.
HeinvitedalargenumberofdistinguishedscholarsfromabroadtogivelessonsintheCollegeofAgriculture,establishedacompletedisciplineframeworkandteachingmanagementsystemandadvocatedademocraticandopenmindededucationsystem.
Prof.
Yu'spatriotismwashighlyrespected.
HeopposedtheKuomintang(KMT)reactionarieswhosuppressedstudents'patrioticanddemocraticmovement,andsupportedthepatrioticactivitiesofteachersandstudents.
HerejectedtheinvitationofNan-jingKuomintang(KMT)government,remainedunwaveringlyinhispositionandprotectedthecampusandpropertiesoftheuniversity.
Meanwhile,heacceptedtheinvitationoftheFigure2.
TafuYuworkedinlaboratoryatNanjingJinlingUniversity.
AneminentagriculturalscientistRECOLLECTIONTheAuthor(s)2018.
Thisarticleisanopenaccesspublication547Protein&Cellcommunistparty,stayedwiththeteachersandstudentsintheuniversityandthentransportedimportantequipmenttotheliberatedareasandresumedscienticresearchesthere.
Hiseminentdeedswererecordedinthedocumentary"LoveofTheRepublic".
Inthe1980s,attheageof80,Prof.
YutookthepositionofthePresidentatBeijingAgriculturalUniversityagain.
Heproposedtheconceptofcombining"agriculture"and"engineering"forrunningtheCollegeofAgricultureandpromotedthedevelopmentoftheAgriculturalUniversitytowardauniversityofagriculture,scienceandtechnology.
Beingateacherforover70years,Prof.
Yueducatedseveralgenerationsoftalentedstudents(Fig.
4).
Manyofhisstudentsfollowedhisfootstepsandcontinuedtomaketremendouscontributionsinareasofeducation,sci-enceandmanagement.
Someofthemarewell-known,suchasZhongdaFang,ChuanguangLiandtheacademiciansWenxinChen,JilunLi(Rongetal.
,2017),WeifanQiuandShimaiZeng.
Prof.
Yu,ahighlyrespectedscientist,hasdedicatedhisentirelifetothedevelopmentofagricultureinChina.
Helaidthefoundationforplantpathologyandagriculturalmicrobi-ologyinChina.
ThereisafamousChineseproverb:Ittakestenyearstogrowtrees,butahundredyearstorearpeople.
Prof.
Yunotonlyimpartedknowledge,butalsoeducatedhisstudentshowtobehave.
HisspiritandexemplaryrolesinuencedgenerationsofyoungresearchersandhisprominentcontributionstothedevelopmentofChina'sagri-culturewillneverbeforgotten.
Figure4.
Prof.
Yusuper-visedthestudentstodoresearch.
Figure3.
TafuYuobservedtheplantdiseasesintheeld.
RECOLLECTIONShuangZhaoetal.
548TheAuthor(s)2018.
ThisarticleisanopenaccesspublicationProtein&CellOPENACCESSThisarticleisdistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution4.
0InterredTag"style="COLOR:#000000;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#ffff00">nationalLicense(http://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.
0/),whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedyougiveappropriatecredittotheoriginalauthor(s)andthesource,providealinktotheCreativeCommonslicense,andindicateifchangesweremade.
REFERENCESQingN(2007)Teachinginagriculturalmicrobiologyfor70years—TafuYu.
ActaMicrobiolSin47(1):6–7(inChinese,执教农业微生物学70年——俞大绂,微生物学报)RongC,LiuY,WenY(2017)JilunLiandhisprofoundimpactontheoreticalandappliedagriculturalmicrobiology.
ProteinCell8(3):159–161YuT(1951)Grapebrownblotchdisease.
SciAgricSin12:7–8(inChinese,葡萄褐斑病,中国农业科学)YuT(1953)Implementingcampestralsanitationworktoeliminatethethreatofdiseases.
SciAgricSin10:411–414(inChinese,展开田间卫生工作以减轻病害的威胁,农业科学通讯)YuT(1977)SignicanceofFusariumfungisystematics.
ActaMicrobiolSin17(2):163–171(inChinese,镰刀菌分类学的意义,微生物学报)AneminentagriculturalscientistRECOLLECTIONTheAuthor(s)2018.
Thisarticleisanopenaccesspublication549Protein&Cell