modelwinds演唱会
winds演唱会 时间:2021-01-14 阅读:(
)
WINDSIM–FLOWSIMULATIONSINCOMPLEXTERRAINASSESSMENTSOFWINDRESOURCESALONGTHENORWEGIANCOASTDr.
A.
R.
Gravdahl1)andDr.
K.
Harstveit2)1)VECTORAS,Industrigaten9,N-3124-Tnsbeg,Norway2)NorwegianMeteorologicalInstitute,ClimatologyDivisionP.
O.
Box32,Blindern,N-0313Oslo,NorwaySummaryWindSimisatailor-madesimulatorforpredictionoflocalwindfields.
WindSimisbasedona3DReynoldsAveragedNavierStokessolver.
Solvingthenon-lineartransportequationsformass,momentumandenergymakesWindSimasuitabletoolforsimulationsincomplexterrain,andinsituationswithcomplexlocalclimatology.
WindSimisusedintheassessmentofwindresourcesalongtheNorwegiancoast.
1.
WindEnergyinNorwayAlthoughthewindclimateinNorwayseemsfavourable,theexploitationofwindenergyinNorwayhassofarbeenverymodest.
However,duringthelastyearsthegeneralinterestforwindenergyhasbecomemorepronounced.
OnthisbackgroundtheNorwegianWaterResourcesandEnergyDirectoratelaunchedaprojectinspring1998,ontheassessmentofthewindresourcesalongtheNorwegiancoast.
2.
MesoscalemodelsBasedondigitalterrainmodelswithheightandroughnessdata,morethan120modelshavebeenestablishedcoveringtheNorwegiancoastfromthesoutherntipatLindesnesuptotheRussianborderinthenorth.
Fig.
1MesoscalemodelsalongtheNorwegiancoast.
Theapproximateextensionofeachmodelis1000km2.
ThewindfieldshavebeencalculatedwithWindSim,a3DReynoldsAveragedNavier-Stokessolver.
Toeachmodeltherehasbeenassociatedwindroses,extractedfromlong-termstatisticalweatherdatafrommeteorologicalstationsalongthecoast.
Intotalmorethan30meteorologicalstationshaveprovidedweatherdata.
Resultsfromatypicalmodelarepresentedinfigure2.
ThemodelistakenfromthesoutherntipofNorwayatLindesnes.
CurrentlythelargestwindmillparkinNorwayissituatedinthisregionatFjeldskr.
Fig.
2Annualmeanwindspeedat50metersheightinVest-Agdercounty,atypicalmodelalongtheNorwegiancoast.
3.
MicroscalemodelsSomeofthemeteorologicalstationsareinfluencedbyspeed-ups.
Particularmicromodelshavebeenestablishedforthesestationsinanattempttofilteroutmicroscaleeffectsfromthelong-termstatisticalweatherdata.
Amicroscalemodeltypicallycoversanareaintheorderof1to10km2.
4.
VerificationVerificationofthenumericalsimulationshasbeenanimportantissueintheproject.
Atvariouslocationswhereexperimentaldatafromseveralmeasurementmastshavebeenavailable,themeasuredspeed-upshavebeencomparedagainstthesimulations.
Thespeed-upisdefinedasthespeedatonelocationdividedagainstthespeedattheotherlocation.
4.
1MesoscaleInthesouthernpartofNorwayinRogalandcounty,measurementsfromthemeteorologicalstationatObrestadsituatedalongthecoastlinewascomparedagainstmeasurementsfromamastintheinlandplateau,"hyJren",atapproximately200metersheight.
Thedistancebetweenthetwomastswas12km.
Speed-upsarepresentedinfigure3.
Themodelcapturesthesignificantmaximumandminimuminthespeed-upforthewinddirectionswest(270deg)andeast(90deg),whichistowardsandfromthecoastline.
0.
090.
0180.
0270.
0360.
0Winddirection(deg)0.
000.
250.
500.
751.
001.
251.
50Speedup()Measurements,meanMeasurements,90%percentileSimulationsFig3.
Speed-upbetweentwomeasurementmastsinRogalandcounty,versusincomingwinddirectionat30metersheight.
4.
2MicroscaleSimilarcomparisonshavealsobeenmadeformicroscalemodels.
ThemeteorologicalstationatFruholmeninFinnmarkcounty,wellknownforitsseverspeed-up,wasmovedtoalessexposedlocationin1989.
Thetwolong-termmeasurementseriespriorandpostto1989constituteagoodverificationcaseonthemicroscale.
Theterrain,withatypicalwindfieldfromsouth,ispresentedinfigure4.
Thepinsmarkthetwopositionsforthemeteorologicalstation.
Thedistancebetweenthepositionsisapproximately200meters,andthedifferentinheightelevationis11meters.
Fig4.
MicromodelforFruholmenwithtypicalwindfieldfromsouth.
Thetwopinsmarkthemeteorologicalmastposition1and2,withposition1atsouthwest.
Thenumericalmodelreproducesthelocalwindconditionsascanbeseeninfigure5.
Thegridresolutioninthemicroscalemodelis10x10meter.
Figure6and7givesthespeed-upatthetwolocationswithreferencetospeedaboveopensea,thefourgraphsrepresentvaluesfromneighbourpointsinthecomputationalgrid.
Evenwiththisrefinedmodelagridindependentsolutionhasnotbeenestablished.
Thecomparisoninfigure5isbasedonthemeanvalueofthefourneighbourpoints.
0.
090.
0180.
0270.
0360.
0Winddirection(deg)0.
800.
901.
001.
101.
201.
301.
401.
501.
60Speedup()MeasurementsSimulationsFig5.
Speed-upbetweentwomeasurementmastsatFruholmenversusincomingwinddirectionat10metersheight.
0.
090.
0180.
0270.
0360.
0Winddirection(deg)0.
800.
901.
001.
10Speedup(U10/U10_sea)MeanNeighbourpointsFig6.
Griddependency,Speed-upwithreferencetoopenseaforneighbourpointsatmastposition1.
0.
090.
0180.
0270.
0360.
0Winddirection(deg)0.
901.
001.
101.
201.
30Speedup(U10/U10_sea)MeanNeighbourpointsFig7.
Griddependency,Speed-upwithreferencetoopenseaforneighbourpointsatmastposition2.
5.
BasisWindSimisbasedona3DReynoldsAveragedNavierStokessolver.
Solvingthenon-lineartransportequationsformass,momentumandenergymakesWindSimasuitabletoolforsimulationsincomplexterrain,andinsituationswithcomplexlocalclimatology.
Differentturbulentclosuresareavailable,thetwo-equationk-εmodelhavebeenusedinthemodelpresentedherein.
Thegridgenerationusessocalledbodyfittedco-ordinates,followingtheterrain,withrefinementtowardstheground.
Formoreindepthinformationaboutthemethodology,see[1].
6.
PublicationResultsfromtheNorwegianwindresourceassessment,micromodellingandverificationsarepublishedontheInternet,http://windsim.
com7.
References[1]GravdahlA.
R.
,"MesoScaleModellingwithaReynoldsAveragedNavier-StokesSolver–AssessmentofwindresourcesalongtheNorwegiancoast",InternationalEnergyAgencyAnnexXI,RisDenmark,October1998.
官方网站:点击访问亚洲云官网618活动方案:618特价活动(6.18-6.30)全站首月活动月底结束!地区:浙江高防BGPCPU:至强铂金8270主频7 默频3.61 睿频4.0核心:8核(最高支持64核)内存:8G(最高支持128G)DDR4 3200硬盘:40G系统盘+80G数据盘带宽:上行:20Mbps/下行:1000Mbps防御:100G(可加至300G)防火墙:提供自助 天机盾+金盾 管...
DiyVM是一家低调国人VPS主机商,成立于2009年,提供的产品包括VPS主机和独立服务器租用等,数据中心包括香港沙田、美国洛杉矶、日本大阪等,VPS主机基于XEN架构,均为国内直连线路,主机支持异地备份与自定义镜像,可提供内网IP。最近,商家对香港机房VPS提供5折优惠码,最低2GB内存起优惠后仅需50元/月。下面就以香港机房为例,分享几款VPS主机配置信息。CPU:2cores内存:2GB硬...
UCloud优刻得商家这几年应该已经被我们不少的个人站长用户认知,且确实在当下阿里云、腾讯云服务商不断的只促销服务于新用户活动,给我们很多老用户折扣的空间不多。于是,我们可以通过拓展选择其他同类服务商享受新人的福利,这里其中之一就选择UCloud商家。UCloud服务商2020年创业板上市的,实际上很早就有认识到,那时候价格高的离谱,谁让他们只服务有钱的企业用户呢。这里希望融入到我们大众消费者,你...
winds演唱会为你推荐
虚拟主机代理紧急寻求好的虚拟主机代理商免费网站域名申请哪有里可以申请免费域名的网站?me域名me域名怎么样?个人虚拟主机个人建网站用哪一种虚拟主机???深圳网站空间深圳宝安网站设计,深圳网站空间,哪里做的最好???国外网站空间怎么样把网站空间放到国外去?合肥虚拟主机虚拟主机是干嘛的?买了虚拟主机是否要一台电脑?大连虚拟主机找个大连企业建站公司,大家给推荐一下吧。windows虚拟主机win10用什么虚拟机好美国虚拟主机购买美国虚拟主机如何购买
美国虚拟主机推荐 中国域名交易中心 美国主机排名 bandwagonhost omnis rak机房 免费名片模板 华为网络硬盘 域名转向 网站木马检测工具 服务器是干什么的 电信托管 国外视频网站有哪些 空间登录首页 smtp服务器地址 免费蓝钻 shuangcheng 美国代理服务器 zencart安装 侦探online 更多