aplicaios
tcpip上的netbios 时间:2021-02-08 阅读:()
VistageraldosmecanismoskeepalivenoCiscoIOSndiceIntroduoInformaesdeApoioMecanismosdokeepalivedeinterfaceInterfacesdeEthernetInterfacesseriaisManutenesdeatividadedeHDLCManutenesdeatividadedePPPInterfacesdotúnelGREKeepalivescriptoKeepalivesdeIKEKeepalivesNATIntroduoEstedocumentodescreveosváriosmecanismoskeepalivenodoCiscoIOS.
InformaesdeApoioOsmensagensdekeepalivesoenviadosporumdispositivoderedeatravésdeumexameoudeunscircuitosvirtuaisafiminformaraindaumoutrodispositivoderedeesseocircuitoentreelesfunes.
ParaqueoKeepalivestrabalhehádoisfatoresessenciais:Ointervalokeepaliveéoperíododetempoentrecadamensagemdekeepalivequeéenviadoporumdispositivoderede.
Istoésempreconfigurável.
qAsnovastentativasdokeepalivesoonúmerodevezesqueodispositivocontinuaaenviarapacoteskeepalivesemrespostaantesqueoestadoestejamudadoa"parabaixo".
ParaalgunstiposdeKeepalivesistoéconfigurável,quandoparaoutrohouverumvalorpadroquenopossasermudado.
qMecanismosdokeepalivedeinterfaceInterfacesdeEthernetEmmeiosdetransmissotaiscomoumEthernet,oKeepalivesélevementeoriginal.
DesdequehámuitospossíveisvizinhosnosEthernet,okeepalivenoestáprojetadodeterminarseotrajetoaqualquerumvizinhoespecíficonofioestádisponível.
Projeta-sesomentecertificar-sedosistemalocaltenhaoacessodeleituraegravaoaofiodosEthernetpróprio.
OroteadorproduzumpacotedeEthernetcomsecomooendereoMACdeorigemededestinoeumcódigotipodeEthernetespecialde0x9000.
OhardwaredeEthernetenviaestepacotenofiodosEtherneteentorecebeimediatamenteestapartetraseiradopacoteoutravez.
IstoverificaohardwaredeemissoedereceponoadaptadordoEtherneteaintegridadebásicadofio.
InterfacesseriaisAsinterfacesserialpodemtertiposdiferentesdeencapsulamentosecadatipodeencapsulamentodeterminaotipodoKeepalivesqueseráusado.
InscrevaocomandokeepalivenomododeconfiguraodainterfaceafimajustarafrequênciaemqueumroteadorenviapacotesECHOREQaseupar:Afimrestaurarosistemaaointervalokeepalivedopadrodossegundos10,inscrevaocomandokeepalivecomnenhumapalavra-chave.
qAfimdesabilitaroKeepalives,inscrevaocomandodisabledokeepalive.
qNota:keepaliveOcomandoaplica-seàsinterfacesserialqueusamolinkdedadosdenívelelevadoContol(HDLC)ouoencapsulamentoPPP.
NoseaplicaàsinterfacesserialqueusamoEncapsulamentoframerelay.
Nota:ParaoPPPeostiposdoencapsulamentodeHDLC,umkeepalivedezerodesabilitaoKeepaliveseérelatadonocomandoshowrunning-configoutputcomoodesabilitaodokeepalive.
ManutenesdeatividadedeHDLCUmoutromecanismokeepaliveconhecidoémanutenesdeatividadeserialparaoHDLC.
AsmanutenesdeatividadeserialsoenviadasparaafrenteeparatrásentredoisRoteadoreseoKeepalivessoreconhecidos.
Comousodosnúmerosdesequênciaseguircadakeepalive,cadadispositivopodeconfirmarseéparHDLCrecebeuokeepalivequeenviou.
ParaoencapsulamentodeHDLC,trêsKeepalivesignoradosfazemcomquearelaosejaderrubada.
PermitaocomandodebugserialinterfaceparaumaconexodeHDLCafimpermitirqueousuárioveroKeepalivesqueégeradoeenviado:SampleOutput:17:21:09.
61f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">85:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0*,yourseen1,lineupAsmanutenesdeatividadedeHDLCcontêmtrêspartesafimdeterminá-lotrabalham:O"myseq"queénossopróprionúmerodeincremento.
qO"mineseen"queérealmenteumreconhecimentodooutrolado(incrementado)quedizqueesperaestenúmerodenós.
q"Yourseen"queénossoreconhecimentoaooutrolado.
qNota:Quandoadiferenanosvaloresnoscamposdomyseqedomineseenexcedetrêsnoroteador2,alinhavaiparabaixoearelaoérestaurada.
DesdequeasmanutenesdeatividadedeHDLCsotipoKeepalivesECHOREQ,afrequênciadekeepaliveéimportanteerecomenda-sequecombinamacimaexatamenteemambososlados.
Seostemporizadoressoforadasincronizao,osnúmerosdesequênciacomeamsairdaordem.
Porexemplo,sevocêajustaumladoaossegundos10eooutroa25segundos,aindapermitiráarelaopermaneaacimaenquantoadiferenanafrequêncianoésuficienteparafazercomqueosnúmerosdesequênciaestejamporumadiferenadetrês.
ComoumailustraodecomoasmanutenesdeatividadedeHDLCtrabalham,oroteador1eoroteador2soconectadosdiretamenteatravésdoSerial0/0edoSerial2/0respectivamente.
AfimilustrarcomooKeepalivesfalhadoHDCLéusadoparaseguirosestadosdarelao,oSerial0/0seráfechadonoroteador1.
Roteador1Router1#showinterfacesserial0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.
0.
0.
1/1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)[outputisomited]17:21:09.
61f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">85:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0*,yourseen1,lineup17:21:19.
725:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq1,mineseen1*,yourseen2,lineup17:21:29.
753:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq2,mineseen2*,yourseen3,lineup17:21:39.
773:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq3,mineseen3*,yourseen4,lineup17:21:49.
1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">805:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq4,mineseen4*,yourseen5,lineup17:21:59.
1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">837:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq5,mineseen5*,yourseen6,lineup17:22:09.
1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">865:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq6,mineseen6*,yourseen7,lineup17:22:19.
905:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq7,mineseen7*,yourseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,lineup17:22:29.
945:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,mineseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8*,yourseen9,lineupRouter1(config-if)#shut17:22:39.
965:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq9,mineseen9*,yourseen10,lineup17:22:42.
225:%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial0/0,changedstatetoadministrativelydown17:22:43.
245:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial0/0,changedstatetodownRoteador2Router2#showinterfacesserial0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.
0.
0.
2/1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)[outputisomited]17:21:04.
929:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0,yourseen0,lineup17:21:14.
941:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1,mineseen1*,yourseen1,lineup17:21:24.
961:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq2,mineseen2*,yourseen2,lineup17:21:34.
91f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq3,mineseen3*,yourseen3,lineup17:21:45.
001:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq4,mineseen4*,yourseen4,lineup17:21:55.
021:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq5,mineseen5*,yourseen5,lineup17:22:05.
041:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq6,mineseen6*,yourseen6,lineup17:22:15.
061:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq7,mineseen7*,yourseen7,lineup17:22:25.
01f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,mineseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8*,yourseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,lineup17:22:35.
101:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq9,mineseen9*,yourseen9,lineup17:22:45.
113:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq10,mineseen10*,yourseen10,lineup17:22:55.
133:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq11,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:05.
153:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:05.
153:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq12,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:15.
173:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:15.
173:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq13,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedown17:23:16.
201:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial2/0,changedstatetodownRouter2#17:23:25.
193:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq14,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedownManutenesdeatividadedePPPAsmanutenesdeatividadedePPPsoumpoucodiferentesdasmanutenesdeatividadedeHDLC.
AocontráriodoHDLC,asmanutenesdeatividadedePPPsomaiscomosibilos.
Osambososladospodemsibilar-seemseulazer.
OmovimentonegociadoapropriadoéresponderSEMPREaeste"sibilo".
AssimparamanutenesdeatividadedePPP,afrequênciaouovalordetemporizadorsosomentelocalmenterelevanteenotêmnenhumimpactonooutrolado.
MesmoseumladodesligaoKeepalives,aindaRESPONDER2aquelasrequisiesdeecodoladoquetemumtemporizadordekeepalive.
Contudo,nuncainiciaráalgumadoseuspróprios.
PermitaocomandodebugppppacketparaumaconexoPPPafimpermitirqueousuárioverasmanutenesdeatividadedePPPquesoenviadas:Router2#showinterfacesserial0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.
0.
0.
2/1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)[outputisomited]17:21:04.
929:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0,yourseen0,lineup17:21:14.
941:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1,mineseen1*,yourseen1,lineup17:21:24.
961:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq2,mineseen2*,yourseen2,lineup17:21:34.
91f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq3,mineseen3*,yourseen3,lineup17:21:45.
001:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq4,mineseen4*,yourseen4,lineup17:21:55.
021:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq5,mineseen5*,yourseen5,lineup17:22:05.
041:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq6,mineseen6*,yourseen6,lineup17:22:15.
061:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq7,mineseen7*,yourseen7,lineup17:22:25.
01f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,mineseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8*,yourseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,lineup17:22:35.
101:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq9,mineseen9*,yourseen9,lineup17:22:45.
113:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq10,mineseen10*,yourseen10,lineup17:22:55.
133:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq11,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:05.
153:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:05.
153:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq12,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:15.
173:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:15.
173:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq13,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedown17:23:16.
201:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial2/0,changedstatetodownRouter2#17:23:25.
193:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq14,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedownerespostasquesorecebidas:Router2#showinterfacesserial0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.
0.
0.
2/1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)[outputisomited]17:21:04.
929:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0,yourseen0,lineup17:21:14.
941:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1,mineseen1*,yourseen1,lineup17:21:24.
961:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq2,mineseen2*,yourseen2,lineup17:21:34.
91f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq3,mineseen3*,yourseen3,lineup17:21:45.
001:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq4,mineseen4*,yourseen4,lineup17:21:55.
021:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq5,mineseen5*,yourseen5,lineup17:22:05.
041:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq6,mineseen6*,yourseen6,lineup17:22:15.
061:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq7,mineseen7*,yourseen7,lineup17:22:25.
01f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,mineseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8*,yourseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,lineup17:22:35.
101:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq9,mineseen9*,yourseen9,lineup17:22:45.
113:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq10,mineseen10*,yourseen10,lineup17:22:55.
133:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq11,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:05.
153:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:05.
153:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq12,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:15.
173:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:15.
173:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq13,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedown17:23:16.
201:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial2/0,changedstatetodownRouter2#17:23:25.
193:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq14,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedownAsmanutenesdeatividadedePPPcontêmtrêspartes:NúmerodeID-usadoparaidentificaraqueoECHOREQoparresponde.
qTipokeepalive-OECHOREQéKeepalivesenviadopelodispositivodeorigemeoqECHOREPérespostasenviadaspelopar.
Númerosmágicos-asnotificaesincluemosnúmerosmágicosdoserveredoclienteremoto.
OparvalidaonúmeromágiconopacotederequisiodeecoLCP,etransmiteopacotederespostadeecocorrespondenteLCPquecontémonúmeromágiconegociadopeloroteador.
qParaoencapsulamentoPPP,cincoKeepalivesignoradosfazemcomquearelaosejaderrubadaInterfacesdotúnelGREOmecanismokeepalivedotúnelGREélevementediferentedoqueparaEthernetouinterfacesserial.
DáacapacidadeparaqueumladoorigineerecebapacoteskeepaliveaedeumroteadorremotomesmoseoroteadorremotonoapoiamanutenesdeatividadedeGRE.
DesdequeoGREéummecanismodetunelamentodopacoteparaescavarumtúneloIPdentrodoIP,umpacotedotúnelIPGREpodeserconstruídodentrodeumoutropacotedotúnelIPGRE.
ParamanutenesdeatividadedeGRE,asPRE-construesdoremetenteopacotedarespostadekeepalivedentrodopacotederequisiodokeepaliveoriginaldemodoqueasnecessidadesdaextremidaderemotasomentedefazerodesencapsulamentoGREpadrodocabealhoIPexteriorGREeenviamentoopacoteGREinternoIP.
Estemecanismofazcomquearespostadekeepaliveenvieparaforaainterfacefísicaumpoucodoqueainterfacedetúnel.
ParamaisdetalhesaotrabalhardoKeepalivesdotúnelGRE,vejacomoasmanutenesdeatividadedeGREtrabalham.
KeepalivescriptoKeepalivesdeIKEOKeepalivesdoInternetKeyExchange(IKE)éummecanismousadoparadeterminarseumparVPNpodeascendenteereceberotráfegocriptografado.
OKeepalivescriptoseparadoéexigidoalémdoquekeepalivesdeinterfaceporqueosparesVPNgeralmentesoconectadosnuncadevoltaàpartetraseira,assimqueoskeepalivesdeinterfacenofornecembastanteinformaosobreoestadodoparVPN.
EmdispositivosIOSCisco,oskeepalivesdeIKEsopermitidospelousodeummétodoproprietáriochamadooDeadPeerDetection(DPD).
AfimpermitirqueogatewayenvieDPDaopar,incorporeestecomandoaomododeconfiguraoglobal:cryptoisakmpkeepaliveseconds[retry-seconds][periodic|on-demand]AfimdesabilitaroKeepalives,use"no"oformuláriodestecomando.
Paraobtermaisinformaessobredoquecadapalavra-chavenestecomandofaz,vejaokeepalivecriptodoisakmp.
Paramaisgranularidade,oKeepalivespodeigualmenteserconfiguradosoboperfilISAKMP.
Paramaisdetalhes,vejao[CiscoIOSIPsec]davistageraldoperfilISAKMP.
KeepalivesNATEmcasodasencenaesondeumparVPNestáatrásdeumNetworkAddressTranslation(NAT),NAT-Traversaléusadoparaacriptografia.
Contudo,duranteperíodosociososépossívelqueaentradaNATnodispositivoascendentepdecronometrarparafora.
IstopodecausarproblemasquandovocêtrazacimaotúneleoNATnoébidirecional.
OKeepalivesNATépermitidoafimmanterotraodinmicoNATvivoduranteumaconexoentredoispares.
OKeepalivesNATépacotesdeUDPcomumpayloadunencrypteddeumbyte.
EmboraaaplicaoatualDPDsejasimilaraoKeepalivesNAT,háumapequenadiferena-oDPDestáusadoparadetectarostatusdepeerquandooKeepalivesNATforenviadoseaentidadedoIPsecnoenviounemrecebeuopacoteemumperíododetempoespecificado.
Ointervaloválidoestáentre5a3600segundos.
Dica:SeoKeepalivesNATestápermitido(atravésdocomandokeepalivenatdoisamkpcripto),osusuáriosdevemassegurar-sedequeovalorinativosejamaiscurtodoqueotempodeexpiraodomapeamentoNATde20segundos.
Paraobtermaisinformaessobredestacaracterística,vejaatransparênciadeNATdoIPsec.
InformaesdeApoioOsmensagensdekeepalivesoenviadosporumdispositivoderedeatravésdeumexameoudeunscircuitosvirtuaisafiminformaraindaumoutrodispositivoderedeesseocircuitoentreelesfunes.
ParaqueoKeepalivestrabalhehádoisfatoresessenciais:Ointervalokeepaliveéoperíododetempoentrecadamensagemdekeepalivequeéenviadoporumdispositivoderede.
Istoésempreconfigurável.
qAsnovastentativasdokeepalivesoonúmerodevezesqueodispositivocontinuaaenviarapacoteskeepalivesemrespostaantesqueoestadoestejamudadoa"parabaixo".
ParaalgunstiposdeKeepalivesistoéconfigurável,quandoparaoutrohouverumvalorpadroquenopossasermudado.
qMecanismosdokeepalivedeinterfaceInterfacesdeEthernetEmmeiosdetransmissotaiscomoumEthernet,oKeepalivesélevementeoriginal.
DesdequehámuitospossíveisvizinhosnosEthernet,okeepalivenoestáprojetadodeterminarseotrajetoaqualquerumvizinhoespecíficonofioestádisponível.
Projeta-sesomentecertificar-sedosistemalocaltenhaoacessodeleituraegravaoaofiodosEthernetpróprio.
OroteadorproduzumpacotedeEthernetcomsecomooendereoMACdeorigemededestinoeumcódigotipodeEthernetespecialde0x9000.
OhardwaredeEthernetenviaestepacotenofiodosEtherneteentorecebeimediatamenteestapartetraseiradopacoteoutravez.
IstoverificaohardwaredeemissoedereceponoadaptadordoEtherneteaintegridadebásicadofio.
InterfacesseriaisAsinterfacesserialpodemtertiposdiferentesdeencapsulamentosecadatipodeencapsulamentodeterminaotipodoKeepalivesqueseráusado.
InscrevaocomandokeepalivenomododeconfiguraodainterfaceafimajustarafrequênciaemqueumroteadorenviapacotesECHOREQaseupar:Afimrestaurarosistemaaointervalokeepalivedopadrodossegundos10,inscrevaocomandokeepalivecomnenhumapalavra-chave.
qAfimdesabilitaroKeepalives,inscrevaocomandodisabledokeepalive.
qNota:keepaliveOcomandoaplica-seàsinterfacesserialqueusamolinkdedadosdenívelelevadoContol(HDLC)ouoencapsulamentoPPP.
NoseaplicaàsinterfacesserialqueusamoEncapsulamentoframerelay.
Nota:ParaoPPPeostiposdoencapsulamentodeHDLC,umkeepalivedezerodesabilitaoKeepaliveseérelatadonocomandoshowrunning-configoutputcomoodesabilitaodokeepalive.
ManutenesdeatividadedeHDLCUmoutromecanismokeepaliveconhecidoémanutenesdeatividadeserialparaoHDLC.
AsmanutenesdeatividadeserialsoenviadasparaafrenteeparatrásentredoisRoteadoreseoKeepalivessoreconhecidos.
Comousodosnúmerosdesequênciaseguircadakeepalive,cadadispositivopodeconfirmarseéparHDLCrecebeuokeepalivequeenviou.
ParaoencapsulamentodeHDLC,trêsKeepalivesignoradosfazemcomquearelaosejaderrubada.
PermitaocomandodebugserialinterfaceparaumaconexodeHDLCafimpermitirqueousuárioveroKeepalivesqueégeradoeenviado:SampleOutput:17:21:09.
61f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">85:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0*,yourseen1,lineupAsmanutenesdeatividadedeHDLCcontêmtrêspartesafimdeterminá-lotrabalham:O"myseq"queénossopróprionúmerodeincremento.
qO"mineseen"queérealmenteumreconhecimentodooutrolado(incrementado)quedizqueesperaestenúmerodenós.
q"Yourseen"queénossoreconhecimentoaooutrolado.
qNota:Quandoadiferenanosvaloresnoscamposdomyseqedomineseenexcedetrêsnoroteador2,alinhavaiparabaixoearelaoérestaurada.
DesdequeasmanutenesdeatividadedeHDLCsotipoKeepalivesECHOREQ,afrequênciadekeepaliveéimportanteerecomenda-sequecombinamacimaexatamenteemambososlados.
Seostemporizadoressoforadasincronizao,osnúmerosdesequênciacomeamsairdaordem.
Porexemplo,sevocêajustaumladoaossegundos10eooutroa25segundos,aindapermitiráarelaopermaneaacimaenquantoadiferenanafrequêncianoésuficienteparafazercomqueosnúmerosdesequênciaestejamporumadiferenadetrês.
ComoumailustraodecomoasmanutenesdeatividadedeHDLCtrabalham,oroteador1eoroteador2soconectadosdiretamenteatravésdoSerial0/0edoSerial2/0respectivamente.
AfimilustrarcomooKeepalivesfalhadoHDCLéusadoparaseguirosestadosdarelao,oSerial0/0seráfechadonoroteador1.
Roteador1Router1#showinterfacesserial0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.
0.
0.
1/1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)[outputisomited]17:21:09.
61f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">85:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0*,yourseen1,lineup17:21:19.
725:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq1,mineseen1*,yourseen2,lineup17:21:29.
753:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq2,mineseen2*,yourseen3,lineup17:21:39.
773:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq3,mineseen3*,yourseen4,lineup17:21:49.
1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">805:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq4,mineseen4*,yourseen5,lineup17:21:59.
1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">837:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq5,mineseen5*,yourseen6,lineup17:22:09.
1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">865:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq6,mineseen6*,yourseen7,lineup17:22:19.
905:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq7,mineseen7*,yourseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,lineup17:22:29.
945:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,mineseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8*,yourseen9,lineupRouter1(config-if)#shut17:22:39.
965:Serial0/0:HDLCmyseq9,mineseen9*,yourseen10,lineup17:22:42.
225:%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial0/0,changedstatetoadministrativelydown17:22:43.
245:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial0/0,changedstatetodownRoteador2Router2#showinterfacesserial0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.
0.
0.
2/1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)[outputisomited]17:21:04.
929:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0,yourseen0,lineup17:21:14.
941:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1,mineseen1*,yourseen1,lineup17:21:24.
961:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq2,mineseen2*,yourseen2,lineup17:21:34.
91f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq3,mineseen3*,yourseen3,lineup17:21:45.
001:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq4,mineseen4*,yourseen4,lineup17:21:55.
021:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq5,mineseen5*,yourseen5,lineup17:22:05.
041:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq6,mineseen6*,yourseen6,lineup17:22:15.
061:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq7,mineseen7*,yourseen7,lineup17:22:25.
01f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,mineseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8*,yourseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,lineup17:22:35.
101:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq9,mineseen9*,yourseen9,lineup17:22:45.
113:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq10,mineseen10*,yourseen10,lineup17:22:55.
133:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq11,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:05.
153:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:05.
153:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq12,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:15.
173:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:15.
173:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq13,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedown17:23:16.
201:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial2/0,changedstatetodownRouter2#17:23:25.
193:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq14,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedownManutenesdeatividadedePPPAsmanutenesdeatividadedePPPsoumpoucodiferentesdasmanutenesdeatividadedeHDLC.
AocontráriodoHDLC,asmanutenesdeatividadedePPPsomaiscomosibilos.
Osambososladospodemsibilar-seemseulazer.
OmovimentonegociadoapropriadoéresponderSEMPREaeste"sibilo".
AssimparamanutenesdeatividadedePPP,afrequênciaouovalordetemporizadorsosomentelocalmenterelevanteenotêmnenhumimpactonooutrolado.
MesmoseumladodesligaoKeepalives,aindaRESPONDER2aquelasrequisiesdeecodoladoquetemumtemporizadordekeepalive.
Contudo,nuncainiciaráalgumadoseuspróprios.
PermitaocomandodebugppppacketparaumaconexoPPPafimpermitirqueousuárioverasmanutenesdeatividadedePPPquesoenviadas:Router2#showinterfacesserial0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.
0.
0.
2/1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)[outputisomited]17:21:04.
929:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0,yourseen0,lineup17:21:14.
941:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1,mineseen1*,yourseen1,lineup17:21:24.
961:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq2,mineseen2*,yourseen2,lineup17:21:34.
91f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq3,mineseen3*,yourseen3,lineup17:21:45.
001:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq4,mineseen4*,yourseen4,lineup17:21:55.
021:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq5,mineseen5*,yourseen5,lineup17:22:05.
041:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq6,mineseen6*,yourseen6,lineup17:22:15.
061:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq7,mineseen7*,yourseen7,lineup17:22:25.
01f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,mineseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8*,yourseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,lineup17:22:35.
101:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq9,mineseen9*,yourseen9,lineup17:22:45.
113:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq10,mineseen10*,yourseen10,lineup17:22:55.
133:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq11,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:05.
153:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:05.
153:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq12,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:15.
173:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:15.
173:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq13,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedown17:23:16.
201:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial2/0,changedstatetodownRouter2#17:23:25.
193:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq14,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedownerespostasquesorecebidas:Router2#showinterfacesserial0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.
0.
0.
2/1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)[outputisomited]17:21:04.
929:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq0,mineseen0,yourseen0,lineup17:21:14.
941:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1,mineseen1*,yourseen1,lineup17:21:24.
961:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq2,mineseen2*,yourseen2,lineup17:21:34.
91f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq3,mineseen3*,yourseen3,lineup17:21:45.
001:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq4,mineseen4*,yourseen4,lineup17:21:55.
021:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq5,mineseen5*,yourseen5,lineup17:22:05.
041:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq6,mineseen6*,yourseen6,lineup17:22:15.
061:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq7,mineseen7*,yourseen7,lineup17:22:25.
01f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">81:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,mineseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8*,yourseen1f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">8,lineup17:22:35.
101:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq9,mineseen9*,yourseen9,lineup17:22:45.
113:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq10,mineseen10*,yourseen10,lineup17:22:55.
133:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq11,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:05.
153:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:05.
153:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:05.
153:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq12,mineseen10,yourseen10,lineup17:23:15.
173:HD(0):Resetfrom0x203751f20;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#4ae2f7">817:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTR17:23:15.
173:HD(0):AssertingDTRandRTS17:23:15.
173:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq13,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedown17:23:16.
201:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial2/0,changedstatetodownRouter2#17:23:25.
193:Serial2/0:HDLCmyseq14,mineseen10,yourseen10,linedownAsmanutenesdeatividadedePPPcontêmtrêspartes:NúmerodeID-usadoparaidentificaraqueoECHOREQoparresponde.
qTipokeepalive-OECHOREQéKeepalivesenviadopelodispositivodeorigemeoqECHOREPérespostasenviadaspelopar.
Númerosmágicos-asnotificaesincluemosnúmerosmágicosdoserveredoclienteremoto.
OparvalidaonúmeromágiconopacotederequisiodeecoLCP,etransmiteopacotederespostadeecocorrespondenteLCPquecontémonúmeromágiconegociadopeloroteador.
qParaoencapsulamentoPPP,cincoKeepalivesignoradosfazemcomquearelaosejaderrubadaInterfacesdotúnelGREOmecanismokeepalivedotúnelGREélevementediferentedoqueparaEthernetouinterfacesserial.
DáacapacidadeparaqueumladoorigineerecebapacoteskeepaliveaedeumroteadorremotomesmoseoroteadorremotonoapoiamanutenesdeatividadedeGRE.
DesdequeoGREéummecanismodetunelamentodopacoteparaescavarumtúneloIPdentrodoIP,umpacotedotúnelIPGREpodeserconstruídodentrodeumoutropacotedotúnelIPGRE.
ParamanutenesdeatividadedeGRE,asPRE-construesdoremetenteopacotedarespostadekeepalivedentrodopacotederequisiodokeepaliveoriginaldemodoqueasnecessidadesdaextremidaderemotasomentedefazerodesencapsulamentoGREpadrodocabealhoIPexteriorGREeenviamentoopacoteGREinternoIP.
Estemecanismofazcomquearespostadekeepaliveenvieparaforaainterfacefísicaumpoucodoqueainterfacedetúnel.
ParamaisdetalhesaotrabalhardoKeepalivesdotúnelGRE,vejacomoasmanutenesdeatividadedeGREtrabalham.
KeepalivescriptoKeepalivesdeIKEOKeepalivesdoInternetKeyExchange(IKE)éummecanismousadoparadeterminarseumparVPNpodeascendenteereceberotráfegocriptografado.
OKeepalivescriptoseparadoéexigidoalémdoquekeepalivesdeinterfaceporqueosparesVPNgeralmentesoconectadosnuncadevoltaàpartetraseira,assimqueoskeepalivesdeinterfacenofornecembastanteinformaosobreoestadodoparVPN.
EmdispositivosIOSCisco,oskeepalivesdeIKEsopermitidospelousodeummétodoproprietáriochamadooDeadPeerDetection(DPD).
AfimpermitirqueogatewayenvieDPDaopar,incorporeestecomandoaomododeconfiguraoglobal:cryptoisakmpkeepaliveseconds[retry-seconds][periodic|on-demand]AfimdesabilitaroKeepalives,use"no"oformuláriodestecomando.
Paraobtermaisinformaessobredoquecadapalavra-chavenestecomandofaz,vejaokeepalivecriptodoisakmp.
Paramaisgranularidade,oKeepalivespodeigualmenteserconfiguradosoboperfilISAKMP.
Paramaisdetalhes,vejao[CiscoIOSIPsec]davistageraldoperfilISAKMP.
KeepalivesNATEmcasodasencenaesondeumparVPNestáatrásdeumNetworkAddressTranslation(NAT),NAT-Traversaléusadoparaacriptografia.
Contudo,duranteperíodosociososépossívelqueaentradaNATnodispositivoascendentepdecronometrarparafora.
IstopodecausarproblemasquandovocêtrazacimaotúneleoNATnoébidirecional.
OKeepalivesNATépermitidoafimmanterotraodinmicoNATvivoduranteumaconexoentredoispares.
OKeepalivesNATépacotesdeUDPcomumpayloadunencrypteddeumbyte.
EmboraaaplicaoatualDPDsejasimilaraoKeepalivesNAT,háumapequenadiferena-oDPDestáusadoparadetectarostatusdepeerquandooKeepalivesNATforenviadoseaentidadedoIPsecnoenviounemrecebeuopacoteemumperíododetempoespecificado.
Ointervaloválidoestáentre5a3600segundos.
Dica:SeoKeepalivesNATestápermitido(atravésdocomandokeepalivenatdoisamkpcripto),osusuáriosdevemassegurar-sedequeovalorinativosejamaiscurtodoqueotempodeexpiraodomapeamentoNATde20segundos.
Paraobtermaisinformaessobredestacaracterística,vejaatransparênciadeNATdoIPsec.
- aplicaios相关文档
- 协议tcpip网络协议族简单的入门自学手册
- 地址详解tcpip协议的含义和参数
- 协议简单的csocket编程基于tcpip协议
- 报文常见的tcpip体系协议安全隐患和应对方法
- 即可winxp操作系统下如何重新安装tcpip协议
- 协议tcpip协议栈原理及其在arm上的具体实现
这几个Vultr VPS主机商家的优点造就商家的用户驱动力
目前云服务器市场竞争是相当的大的，比如我们在年中活动中看到各大服务商都找准这个噱头的活动发布各种活动，有的甚至就是平时的活动价格，只是换一个说法而已。可见这个行业确实竞争很大，当然我们也可以看到很多主机商几个月就消失，也有看到很多个人商家捣鼓几个品牌然后忽悠一圈跑路的。当然，个人建议在选择服务商的时候尽量选择老牌商家，这样性能更为稳定一些。近期可能会准备重新整理Vultr商家的一些信息和教程。以前...
瓜云互联-美国洛杉矶高防CN2高防云服务器，新老用户均可9折促销！低至32.4元/月！
瓜云互联一直主打超高性价比的海外vps产品，主要以美国cn2、香港cn2线路为主，100M以内高宽带，非常适合个人使用、企业等等！安全防护体系 弹性灵活，能为提供简单、 高效、智能、快速、低成本的云防护，帮助个人、企业从实现网络攻击防御，同时也承诺产品24H支持退换，不喜欢可以找客服退现,诚信自由交易！官方网站：点击访问瓜云互联官网活动方案：打折优惠策略：新老用户购买服务器统统9折优惠预存返款活动...
sharktech：老牌高防服务器商，跳楼价，1G独享$70、10G共享$240、10G独享$800
不知道大家是否注意到sharktech的所有服务器的带宽价格全部跳楼跳水，降幅简直不忍直视了，还没有见过这么便宜的独立服务器。根据不同的机房，价格也是不一样的。大带宽、不限流量比较适合建站、数据备份、做下载、做流媒体、做CDN等多种业务。 官方网站：https://www.sharktech.net 付款方式：比特币、信用卡、PayPal、支付宝、西联汇款 以最贵的洛杉矶机器为例，配置表如...
tcpip上的netbios为你推荐
-
游戏ios支持ipad支持ipad支持ipad支持ipad重庆宽带测速重庆电信测速我的网速溢出勒索病毒win7补丁win7有针对勒索病毒的补丁吗iphonewifi为什么我的苹果手机连不上wifi联通iphone4联通iphone4跟苹果的iphone4有什么不一样? 比如少了什么功能？ 还是什么的？micromediawww.macromedia.com 是什么网站