PROJECTINFORMATIONDOCUMENT(PID)CONCEPTSTAGEReportNo.
:AB3956ProjectNameHigherEducationProjectIIRegionMIDDLEEASTANDNORTHAFRICASectorTertiaryeducation(100%)ProjectIDP110733Borrower(s)REPUBLICOFYEMENGovernmentofYemenYemen,RepublicofImplementingAgencyMinistryofHigherEducationandScientificResearchYemen,RepublicofEnvironmentCategory[]A[]B[X]C[]FI[]TBD(tobedetermined)DatePIDPreparedJanuary13,2009EstimatedDateofAppraisalAuthorizationMay18,2009EstimatedDateofBoardApprovalSeptember23,2009KeydevelopmentissuesandrationaleforBankinvolvementWithintheeducationsector,themainfocusuntilrecentlyhasbeenonimprovingaccesstobasiceducation,throughthegovernment'sBasicEducationDevelopmentStrategywhichhasmulti-donorsupport.
Substantialgainshavebeenmadeoverthelastdecadeandthegrossenrollmentrateinbasiceducationhasreachedalmost70percentwithimprovementalsoingenderparity.
Thedemandforsecondaryandtertiaryeducationhasconsequentlyexpanded:between1996and2004,enrollmentsinsecondaryandtertiaryeducationincreasedbymorethan80percent,albeitfromaverylowbase.
Initseffortstomeettheincreaseddemandforpost-compulsoryeducation,thegovernmentisconfrontingthechallengesofimprovingtherelevanceofcurriculatochangingeconomicandsocialneeds,andincreasingtheefficiencyofpublicexpenditure.
TheMinistryofHigherEducationandScientificResearch(MHESR)overseesuniversityleveleducationwhichcurrentlycomprisessevenpublicuniversities,withatotalenrolmentof174,000(2005/6),and9privateuniversities,enrollingatotalof12,000students.
Yemen'shighereducationsystemisinurgentneedofrenewalandupdating.
AlthoughYemencomesoutrelativelywellintermsoftheshareofGDPdevotedtohighereducation,thereiswidespreadconcernthatstudentsarenottaughtappropriately,curriculaareoutdated,andunemploymentofgraduatesishigh.
Onlyabout13percentofstudentsstudyscience,engineeringandtechnology.
Inareverseofthenormalpattern,thegreatmajorityofYemen'spost-secondarystudentsareenrolledinuniversitydegreeprogramsratherthanshortertechnicalormoreappliedcourses.
Theissuescanbesummarizedasfollows:Qualityanddistributionofinputs:Despitetheoveralllevelofinvestment,unitcostsarelow,staff-studentratiosareunfavorableandplant,equipmentandlearningresourcesareverypoor.
Staffinglevelsareoftenexcessivelylow(1:96studentsforartsand1:15forsciencesinSana'aUniversityin1999).
AlthoughsalariesofprofessorsarerelativelyhighbythestandardsinYemen,teachingstaffcommonlyhaveoneormorejobsinadditiontotheiruniversitypositionandabsenteeismisaproblem.
Professorsenjoyprestigebutlackothernon-monetaryincentives,includingofficeandcommunicationsfacilitiesandopportunitiesforresearchandprofessionaldevelopment.
Thereisnosystematicprocessforreviewandupdatingofcurricula.
Thenumberofstudentsinscienceandengineeringisconstrainedbytheshortageoflaboratoriesandequipmentaswellasteachingstaff.
Resourceshavebeenmorereadilyavailablefornewbuildingsthanforstaff,equipmentorlibrarybooks.
Arecentstudyoflibraryresourcesfoundastonishinglyinadequatematerialsandusage,withanaverageofonlytwobooksperstudent.
Facilities,unitcostsandinstructionalinputsarehighlyvariablebetweentheuniversities.
Overseasscholarships:Scholarshipsabroadaccountforaveryhighshareofrecurrentspending(31percentinthe2005budget,comparedwith1.
4percentformaintenancecosts).
Althoughthissharehasbeendeclining(fromcloseto50percentin1997),theopportunitycosts(forthecountryandforhighereducationasawhole)ofmaintainingthisscholarshipprogramneedmoreattention.
AdministrationoftheprogramabsorbsahighshareofthecapacityoftheMinistryofHigherEducation.
Governanceandfinancing:Afundamentalreasonforthesub-optimaluseofresourcesanddisappointingoutcomesisthatthegovernanceandfinancingarrangementsareunsatisfactory.
UniversityexpendituresarecontrolleddirectlybytheMinistryofFinancethroughlineitembudgetsandMOFstaffineachuniversity,leavinglittleroomforplanningorfordecisionsontheuseoffundsattheinstitutionlevel.
Asaresult,thereisnegligibleincentiveforinnovationorforinteractionwithlocalcommunitiesoremployers,andabsenceofqualityresearch.
Thereisnonationalbodytooverseeorcoordinateresearch.
Stepsarebeingtakentoestablishanationalqualityassurancesystembutthisisnotyetoperational.
Policyandplanningfordevelopmentofthetertiarysectorasawholeisimpededbytheabsenceofasingleresponsiblecoordinatingagency.
TheMinistryofTechnicalEducationandVocationalTrainingisresponsibleforasmallbutrapidlygrowingnumberoftertiaryleveltechnicalinstitutionsandcommunitycolleges,uncoordinatedwiththeplansofuniversities(thatareaimingtodiversifyintoshorterandmoreappliedprograms)andwithnostudentpathwaysbetweenthem.
Theuniversityfacultiesofeducationdeterminethestudentnumbersandcurriculaforteachereducation,uncoordinatedwiththeprojectedrequirementsofthegeneraleducationsystemundertheMinistryofEducation.
Branch/teachercollegesoftheuniversities,manybasedinmoreremote/ruralareas,holdthepotentialtosignificantlyimproveequityinaccesstotertiaryeducationfortheruralpopulationandwomen.
However,atpresent,theyaretrainingmoreteachersthanthesystemcanemploy.
Effortstoplanforthesecolleges–toimprovethequalityandrelevanceofteachertrainingandofferothertertiarylevelprogramstomeetlocalneedsandpathwaystohigherlevelstudy–dependonimprovedmechanismsforinter-ministerialcoordination.
Committees/councilsestablishedsofartofacilitatecoordinationhavebeenineffective.
UndertheWorldBank-fundedHigherEducationProject(aUS$5millionLearningandInnovationCredit),theMHESRhasdevelopedaNationalStrategyfortheDevelopmentofHigherEducationaimingtoaddresstheseweaknesses.
Thestrategyhasfourpillars,orstrategicobjectives:1.
Governanceandmanagement:toestablishatthenationalandinstitutionallevels,agovernancesystemthatensuresaccountabilityandtransparencyindecisionmakingandimplementation.
2.
Diversityofinstitutionsandprograms:tolinkthehighereducationsectordevelopmentwiththelabormarketdemandforhighereducation,therebypromotingdiversificationofthestructuresandprogramsofhighereducationinstitutionsverticallyandhorizontally,andstimulatingequityofaccess.
3.
Resources:provideadditionalresources(governmentalandnon-governmental)withafocusonenhancingthecapacityofhighereducationtoincreaseselffinancingandcreatingpartnershipswiththeprivatesectortofinanceanddevelophighereducationinstitutions.
4.
Quality:toimprovethequalityofteachingandlearning,researchandservicestoenablehighereducationinstitutionstoproduce,adaptanddisseminateknowledgefortheresolutionofsocialandeconomicissues.
TheNationalStrategywasapprovedandadoptedbythegovernmentin2006,followingextensivestakeholderconsultation,andaplanofactivitiesfor2006to2011wasprepared.
ThesedocumentswerepublishedandfurtherdisseminatedatahighereducationconferenceinSana'ainMarch2008.
Thestrategyandsupportingactivitiesaresoundinthattheyreflectinternationalgoodpracticeinthesector;however,theyareambitiouslycomprehensiveinrelationtoavailableimplementingcapacityandmoreattentionwillbeneededtoprioritizingandsequencingoftheactivities.
Themajorchallengenowforimplementationofthestrategyistodefineandcoordinatethepiloting,capacitybuilding,legal/regulatoryandpolicyactionsthatareneededtoaccomplishthedifficultproposedreformsofuniversitygovernanceandfinance.
Thebenefitsoffurtherinvestmentinthesectorarelikelytodependonthesereformsandtheassociatedincentivestoimprovequalityandefficiency.
RationaleforBankInvolvementTheproposedprojectwouldsupporttwoofthefourpillarsofthecurrent(2006)CASforYemen:(i)diversifyinggrowththroughbettergovernanceandbetterdeliveryofpublicservices,and(ii)improvinghumandevelopmentthroughmoreefficientservicedeliveryandimprovedsafetynets.
ThissecondprojectforhighereducationisincludedintheouteryearsoftheCAS.
TheBankisengagedinalleducationsub-sectors,withlendingoperationsinbasic,secondary,vocationalandhighereducation,andon-goingsectorwork–attherequestoftheMinistryofPlanningandInternationalCooperation–tosupportcoordinationthroughanintegratedstrategyfortheeducationsectorasawhole.
Forbasicandsecondaryeducation,substantialprogresshasbeenmadeinharmonizingassistanceofthetraditionaldonorsthroughtheEducationforAllFastTrackInitiativeandthroughpre-SWAPoperations.
Atthetertiarylevel,thesituationismorecomplex.
AsidefromtheBank,onlytheNetherlandsisengagedinactivitiesrelatedtopolicydevelopmentsandthe"software"needsforbuildingcapacityandimprovingqualityinthehighereducationsystem.
However,anincreasingnumberofnewdonors–includingtheregionaldevelopmentbanks,GCCcountries,China,Korea–arefinancinginvestmentsininfrastructure.
Thereisadangerthattheseinvestmentsoutpacethecountry'scapacitytomakeeffectiveandsustainableuseofthenewfacilities.
ThegovernmentislookingtotheBanktosupportthenecessarypolicyreformsandsoftwareinvestments.
TheproposednewprojectwillbuildonthemomentumcreatedandlessonslearnedfromtheLearningandInnovationCredit,whichclosedonJune30,2008.
Proposedobjective(s)TheproposedobjectiveoftheprojectistoimprovethequalityandrelevanceofselectedprogramsinYemen'suniversitiesandtomaintainthemomentumonlongertermreformofuniversityfinanceandgovernance.
PreliminarydescriptionComponent1:DevelopQualityProgramsinPriorityAreasTheobjectiveofthiscomponentwouldbetoraisethequalityofselectedhighereducationprogramsinYemen'suniversitiesinfieldsthatareparticularlycriticaltothecountry'snationaldevelopmentandemploymentneeds.
Thecomponent,whichwouldaccountforsome75percentofprojectfunds,wouldfinancecapacitybuildingintheuniversitiesandprovidegrantsforneworupgradedprograms,basedoninternationalstandards,topreparegraduatesinidentifiedpriorityfieldscontributingtonationalorregionaleconomicprioritiesandtheneedsofprivateandpublicsectoremployers.
Grantswouldcoverthecostsofdevelopingandintroducingthenewprograms,includingTAandtrainingforprogramrenewalandfacultyupgrading,visitingprofessorships,equipmentandlearningresources,andrefurbishmentofexistingbuildingswherenecessary.
Newconstructionwouldnotbeincluded.
Component2:BuildCapacityforImplementationofReformsundertheNationalStrategyTheobjectivesofthiscomponentwouldbe:(a)tomaintainmomentumonlongerterminstitutionalreform;and(b)tostrengthencapacityforprojectmanagementandforcoordinationofdonorassistancetomeetpriorityneeds.
(a)Maintainmomentumonlongerterminstitutionalreform.
Basedonworkcarriedoutunderthefirstproject,activitieshavebeeninitiatedforreformofuniversitygovernanceandfinance,developmentofaqualityassurancemechanism,individualuniversitydevelopmentplans,andcentrally-drivenrestructuringplansfortheuniversitysectorasawhole.
Theneedatthisstageistofullydefinethepiloting,capacitybuilding,legal/regulatoryandpolicyactionsandtimeneededtoimplementthesechallengingreformseffectively.
ThissubcomponentwouldfinanceTA,trainingandworkshopsatcentralanduniversitylevelstohelpimplementpriorityelementsoftheNationalStrategyintheareasofgovernance,financeandqualityassuranceandtohelpintegratestructureandpolicyforthetertiarylevel.
(b)Strengthencapacityforprojectmanagementandcoordinationofdevelopmentassistance.
Learningfromtheexperienceofthefirstproject,moreattentionandresourceswouldbegiventoensuringthenecessarycapacityintheMinistryofHigherEducationanduniversitiesforallaspectsofprojectmanagement,andforcoordinationofdevelopmentassistance.
ThissubcomponentwouldfinancelocalandinternationalTAtostrengthenthiscapacityaswellasfundingessentialequipmentandoperatingcostsfortheunit.
Safeguardpoliciesthatmightapply[Guideline:Refertosection5ofthePCN.
WhichsafeguardpoliciesmightapplytotheprojectandinwhatwaysWhatactionsmightbeneededduringprojectpreparationtoassesssafeguardissuesandpreparetomitigatethem]Nosafeguardpoliciesareexpectedtobetriggeredbytheproject.
TentativefinancingSource:($m.
)BORROWER/RECIPIENT0InternationalDevelopmentAssociation(IDA)10Total10ContactpointContact:GillianM.
PerkinsTitle:Sr.
EducationSpecialistTel:(202)473-6697Fax:(202)477-0036Email:Gperkins@worldbank.
orgwb86262C:\DocumentsandSettings\wb86262\LocalSettings\TemporaryInternetFiles\Content.
IE5\GKWF99PE\Yemen_HEPII%20PID_Revised_090808[1].
doc1/13/20094:56:00PM
CloudCone 商家也是比较有特点的,和我们熟悉的DO、Vultr、Linode商家均是可以随时删除机器开通的小时计费模式。这个对于有需要短租服务器的来说是比较有性价比的。但是,他们还有一个缺点就是机房比较少,不同于上面几个小时计费服务商可以有多机房可选,如果有这个多机房方案的话,应该更有特点。这次我们可以看到CloudCone闪购活动提供洛杉矶三个促销方案,低至月付1.99美元。商家也可以随...
7月4日是美国独立日,大致就是国庆节的意思吧。hostodo今年提前搞了个VPS大促销活动,4款便宜VPS,相当于7折,续费不涨价,本次促销不定时,不知道有多少货,卖完为止。VPS基于KVM虚拟,NVMe阵列,1Gbps带宽,自带一个IPv4+/64 IPv6,solusvm管理,送收费版DirectAdmin授权,VPS在用就有效! 官方网站:https://www.hostodo.com ...
官方网站:https://www.akkocloud.com/AkkoCloud新品英国伦敦CN2 GIA已上线三网回程CN2 GIA 国内速度优秀.电信去程CN2 GIALooking Glass:http://lonlg.akkocloud.com/Speedtest:http://lonlg.akkocloud.com/speedtest/新品上线刚好碰上国庆节 特此放上国庆专属九折循环优惠...
content.ie5为你推荐
!圈i申国电子政务发展调查报告建筑业127技术参数及要求:支持ipad支持ipad支持ipad图书馆学、情报学期刊投稿指南重庆宽带测速重庆哪一种宽带网速最快win10445端口win的22端口和23端口作用分别是什么 ?win10445端口WIN7怎么打开3306端口
工信部域名备案系统 金万维动态域名 罗马假日广场 10t等于多少g 20g硬盘 typecho 网站被封 日本空间 dux howfile 空间技术网 常州联通宽带 英国伦敦 独立主机 万网主机 测试网速命令 腾讯数据库 ssl加速 镇江高防服务器 碳云 更多