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LEAPTOSHANGHAITheAustralianentrepreneur'sguidetotheGreaterChinamarketthroughShanghaiAUSTRALIANLANDINGPADSHANGHAIDisclaimerThisreporthasbeenpreparedbytheCommonwealthofAustraliarepresentedbytheAustralianTradeandInvestmentCommission(Austrade).
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2CONTENTSAUSTRALIANLANDINGPADS4ShanghaiLandingPad4Residencies4Bootcamps4AustradeChinapodcasts4INTRODUCTION4WhyShanghai4Ataglance5China5Shanghai6Consumers7INDUSTRYOPPORTUNITIES9TOPFACTORSTOCONSIDER10Beforeyouarrive10Visasandentry10Accommodation10Locations11Intellectualpropertyprotectionbasics12Translationofessentialmaterials12Chineseholidays12Businesspracticeandetiquette13Afteryouarrive14Languagesupport14Bankingandmobilepayment15Telecommunications15Taxation16SETTINGUPSHOP17Profitrepatriationandforeignexchangecontrol17Cybersecurity,domain/hosting,cloudservicesanddatastoragecompliance18Fundraising19Entityregistration21ExpandyourfootprintacrossChina23RESOURCES25Generalliving25Trafficandtransportation26Metro26Bus26TaxiorUber(DiDi)26Walkingorbiking26Navigationapp26Maglev26Driving26Inter-citytravel28Airports28High-speedrail28Securityandemergency28Eventsandnetworking29Usefulapps29HOWTHEAUSTRALIANGOVERNMENTCANASSIST30Austrade30Grantsandincentives30Furtherinformation313INTRODUCTIONThisguideprovidespracticalinformationforAustralianentrepreneurstoconsiderbeforeandafterenteringtheChinamarket.
Itoutlinestopbusinessandpersonalinsightsandprovidesaroadmapforenteringandsucceedinginthemarket.
SomeoftheadviceisspecifictoShanghai,butmuchofitalsoappliestoentrepreneurslookingtoenterthewiderChinamarket.
WhyShanghaiShanghaistandsoutasaninternationalhubforglobalentrepreneurs,andhasbeennamedbytheChineseGovernmentas"theTechnologyandInnovationCentreinChinawithGlobalInfluence".
Shanghairankedasthebiggestup-and-comingleaderandclosestrivaltoSiliconValleyinSanFranciscoasaglobaltechnologyinnovationhub.
1.
ImmerseyourstartupinChina'scentreofinnovationandentrepreneurship–Shanghai'sstartupecosystemisrankedeighthintheworld,withupto2,700activestartupsinthecity.
2.
Reachouttoamarketof1billionconsumers–Chinaishometoarapidlyexpandingpopulationoftech-savvyconsumerswithgrowingdisposableincomes.
3.
LocaliseyourproductforChina–Shanghai's24millionconsumers,high-qualityinfrastructureandstronginterestinnewappsmakeitanidealmarkettolocaliseandtestproductsforChina.
4.
Forgelinkswithresearchanddevelopment(R&D)centressetupbyleadingmultinationals–one-quarterofR&DcentressetupbymultinationalsinChinaarebasedinShanghai.
Shanghai'sglobaloutlookandsupportforinternationalbusinessprovideasolidstartingpointforforeigncompaniesbeforetheyexpandacrossChinatotakeadvantageofmoretargetedopportunities.
FOLLOWTHELANDINGPADS@Austrade@LandingPadsAuAustralianLandingPadsAUSTRALIANLANDINGPADSTheAustralianLandingPadshelpAustralian-founded,market-readystartupsandscaleupstaketheirbusinessglobalwithaccesstotheworld'smostrenownedinnovationecosystems.
SHANGHAILANDINGPADTheShanghaiLandingPadservesasagatewaytotheGreaterChinamarketbypreparingentrepreneurstotackleitscomplexityanduniquenessthrough90-dayresidenciesandweek-longBootcamps.
RESIDENCIESThe90-dayresidencyisathree-stageprogramforentrepreneurswhoarereadyfortheChinamarket.
GetSetUp:Navigatethedifferencesofthemarketandre-strategiseyourmarketentrymoves.
GetConnected:EstablisheffectivebusinessconnectionsandpartnershipsinmarketthroughtheLandingPadManager,thelocalpartnerXNodeandAustrade'sbroadnetwork.
GetBacked:Enjoycontinuedmentorshipandcross-regionlinkstosupportlonger-termoperationsinmarket.
BOOTCAMPSTheShanghaiLandingPadworkswithpartnersinChinaandAustraliatodelivershort-term'ChinaBootcamps'togivemorestartupsandscaleupsa'taster'experiencetorampuptheirreadinessforthemarket.
Bootcampscanbebothsector-agnosticandsector-specific.
AUSTRADECHINAPODCASTSFormarketentrytipsandinspirationalstoriesinChinaforAustralianbusinesses,listentoAustradeChina'spodcast.
Visitaustraliaunlimited.
com/landingpadsformoreinformation.
4INTHETOP10GLOBALLYFORVALUATIONBYTHEENDOF2017,THEREWERE5,739TECHNOLOGYINCUBATORS$$$$$$$$$$4,298CROWDWORKINGSPACESLARGESTNUMBEROFUNICORNSTARTUPSCHINAHASTHEOUTSIDETHEUNITEDSTATESFOURCHINESECOMPANIESAtaglanceChinaTheChinamarketistoobigtobeignored,withthelargestgroupofmiddle-classconsumersintheworld.
The'MassEntrepreneurshipandInnovation'agendasetoutbytheChineseCentralGovernmentboostedthestartupecosystem.
Bytheendof2016,therewere3,259technologyincubatorsand4,298crowd-workingspaces.
ChinahasthelargestnumberofunicornstartupsoutsidetheUnitedStates,withfourChinesecompaniesnamedinthetop10globallyforvaluation.
Chinahasleapfroggedtothemobileinterneteraandisleadingtechnologicalinnovationinmanyways.
ItisessentialforAustralianentrepreneurstochangetheirperceptionsandacknowledgethedifferencesbetweenthemarkets,beforesuccessfullygrowingtheirbusinessinChina.
"The90-dayLandingPadresidencyisalearningexperience,wenowunderstandalotmoreabouttheChinamarket,thelocalisationneedsandthedifferentopportunitiesacrosstheprovinces.
"BrianPong,SeniorExecutive,TenderfieldTryingto'playbythebook'orrepurposestrategies'provenelsewhere'inChinasimplywon'twork.
Agilityisthekey.
Ifthereisagapandifyoucan'tfillit,someoneelsewill.
"KOPAcametoChinatodobusinessandabigbonusishavingthebadgeofAustrade,theAustralianGovernment,toopendoorsanddodealswithCEOsandpresidentsoflargelocalbusinesses.
"JasonLu,CEO,KOPA5ShanghaiShanghaihasmorethan170yearsoftradinghistorywithglobalpartnersandcanconfidentlybereferredtoasthe'GatewaytoChina'.
Shanghai'sstartupecosystemboastslocalgovernmentsupport,activeindustryinvolvementanddynamicventurecapitalactivities.
Thereare43national-levelaccreditedincubators,46national-levelregisteredcrowd-workingspacesand286municipal-levelaccreditedandregisteredserviceplatformssupportinginnovationandentrepreneurship.
TheShanghaiGovernment'sincubatorandco-workingspaceregulatingbody'ShanghaiTechnologyInnovationCentre'hasaccredited23'international-friendly'serviceprovidersasthecity's'StartupGateway'members,tofurtherenhanceitscapabilitytoserviceforeignentrepreneursontheground.
Shanghaihas:atransparentgovernmentpracticeamatureandsophisticatedfinancialandbusinessservicenetworkoneofthelargestexpatcommunitiesinChinanumerousprestigeuniversitiesprovidingapoolofhighcalibretalent.
Shanghaiis:themostEnglishlanguage-proficientcityinChinahometoalmostallFortune500companiesasregionalheadquarters,providingcooperationopportunities.
286MUNICIPALLEVELACCREDITEDANDREGISTEREDSERVICEPLATFORMS46NATIONALLEVELREGISTEREDCROWDWORKINGSPACES43NATIONALLEVELACCREDITEDINCUBATORSSUPPORTINGINNOVATIONANDENTREPRENEURSHIP.
6ConsumersChineseconsumersaretech-savvywithover79percentofthepopulationusinghigh-speed3Gor4Gcellularnetworkstocommunicate,shopandbank.
Twodominantapps–WeChatandAlipay–havereshapedtheconsumerscenewiththeirmobilepaymentsystems.
InternetofThings(IoT)hasbeenwidelyadoptedandacceptedbyChinesebusinessesandconsumers.
Over14percentofthe1.
6billioncellularconnectionsaremachine-to-machine.
Shanghaihasapopulationofapproximately24.
5million,whichisaroundthetotalpopulationofAustralia.
"Chinaisabigmarketformanyindustriesandfortheconstructionindustry,it'soneoftheleadingmarketsintheworld.
WecametotheLandingPadtounderstandtheopportunities,competitorsandrisks.
"BrianPong,SeniorExecutive,Tenderfield7INDUSTRYOPPORTUNITIESChinaisAustralia'slargestexportmarket,largestsourceofinternationalstudents,mostvaluabletourismmarket,amajorsourceofforeigndirectinvestmentandlargestagriculturalgoodsmarket.
Forseveraldecades,exportsandinvestmenthaveunderpinnedthedevelopmentoftheChineseeconomy.
Chinaisalargeanddiversemarketmadeupof31jurisdictions,eachwiththeirownculture,featuresandinterpretationsofCentralGovernmentpolicies.
Austradeoperatesin12citiesintheGreaterChinaregion(asCommercialSectionoftheAustralianEmbassyinBeijing;theConsulates-GeneralinShanghai,Guangzhou,ChengduandHongKong;andtheAustralianOfficeinTaipei),andmanagessixregionalofficesinShenyang,Qingdao,Nanjing,Wuhan,KunmingandShenzhen.
Non-exhaustivesectorfocusesforChinainclude:AdvancedManufacturing:newmaterials,manufacturinginnovationAgribusiness:agtech,traceabilityEducation:edtech,e-learningFinancialServices:blockchain,fintechFood,BeverageandConsumer:foodtech,newretail(online/offlineintegration)InfrastructureandEnergy:smartcity,smarttransportation,cleanenergyServices:ICT,pan-entertainment(onlinereading,TV/film,games),localservicesHealthcare:aged-care,bio/pharma/health-tech.
NORTHCHINAEASTCHINASOUTHCHINAWESTCHINAKUNMINGCHENGDUQINGDAOBEIJINGSHENYANGNANJINGSHANGHAISHENZHENTAIPEIHONGKONGWUHANGUANGZHOUTHEREAREOVER80AUSTRADEOFFICESGLOBALLYAND11AUSTRADEOFFICESINCHINAAND12OFFICESINGREATERCHINA8TOPFACTORSTOCONSIDERBeforeyouarriveVisasandentryNon-ChinesenationalsgenerallyneedtoapplyforavisabeforetravellingtoMainlandChina.
CommonwaysofenteringintoChinesebordersinclude:Applyforavisabeforeyourtravel:——SelecttherighttypeofvisaforMainlandChina——TakeyourapplicationtoyournearestChineseVisaApplicationServiceCentre.
Checkifanyvisa-exemptcircumstances(incl.
transitatcertaincities/ports)applytoyou.
HongKongandMacauSpecialAdministrativeRegions(SAR)ofthePeople'sRepublicofChinahavedifferententryrequirements.
Foreignpassportholdersfrommanycountries(incl.
Australia)maybeadmittedtoHongKongorMacauvisa-freeundercertaincircumstances.
Checklocalimmigrationauthorities'websitesformoreinformation.
——ImmigrationDepartment,HongKongSAR——PublicSecurityPoliceForce,MacauSARBewareoftheimmigration'border'betweenHongKongorMacauSARandMainlandChina,especiallywhenyouplantore-enterMainlandChinafromHongKongorMacauwhenyoupossessavisawithalimitednumberofapprovedentries.
FailuretopresentavalidvisaoroverstayingyourvisaorAPECBusinessTravelCardmayresultindetainmentattheChineseborder,deportation,fine,orbanfromre-enteringChina.
AccommodationLivinginShanghaicanbeexpensive.
ArealisticbudgetpernightforahotelroomisA$100orhigher.
Longer-termleasescostlessbutyouneedtopayattentiontothefineprint.
Notethatnon-Chinesenationalsneedtoregistertheirresidentialaddresswithlocalpoliceuponarrival.
Ifyou'restayinginahotel,thehotelwillregisteronyourbehalf.
Ifyou'restayinginaresidentialcompound,youandyourlandlordneedtoregisteryourselves.
AREALISTICBUDGETPERNIGHTFORAHOTELROOMISA$100ORHIGHER.
APPLYFORAVISAANDCHECKTHEAPPROVEDCONDITIONSBEFOREYOUTRAVELSTOPAU$100AREALISTICBUDGETPERNIGHTFORAHOTELROOMISA$100ORHIGHER.
APPLYFORAVISAANDCHECKTHEAPPROVEDCONDITIONSBEFOREYOUTRAVELSTOPAU$1009LocationsTheareasurroundedbytheInnerRingExpressRoadsisthemostprimelocationindowntownShanghai.
International-friendlycityhubsincludeZhongshanPark,Xujiahui,Jing'anTemple,People'sSquare,Xintiandi,LujiazuiandCenturyPark.
Agoodwaytodecidewhereyouwanttoliveistodeterminewhereyourbusinessactivitiesarelikelytohappen,thenchoosetheadjacentcityhuborfollowthemetrolinethatprovidestheeasiestaccesstoyourbusinesslocation,basedonyourbudget.
Short-termoptionsHotelsAlmostallinternationalhotelchainshavepropertiesinShanghai.
TherearesomelocalbrandsthatcanalsohandleforeignerregistrationsincludingJinjiang,EquatorialandYan'anHotel.
AirbnbTherearealargenumberofAirbnblistingsinShanghaiofferinghigh-qualityhome-likeexperiences.
UsuallythehostsspeakEnglishwellandtheratesareoftenmorereasonablethanhotels.
Longer-termoptionsServicedpropertiesofferafull-rangeofservicesincludinghousekeepingandconcierge.
——TheAscott——YiRent——LanApartments——KerryResidence.
Non-servicedproperties——MerryHomeListings——SmartShanghaiListings——JoannaRealEstate.
Checkwithyourlocalacquaintancesandexpatcommunitiesafteryourarrivalforotherrecommendationsortips.
10TranslationofessentialmaterialsThoughmanyofyourbusinesscounterpartscanspeakEnglish,itisacourtesyandaproactivewayofdoingbusinessinChinatogetyourbrand,productnames,executivesummaries,businesscardsandpitchdeckstranslatedintoChinese.
AsidefromseekingNAATI-accreditedtranslators'assistance,double-checkwithanativespeaker–universitiescanhelpyoufindnativeChinesespeakers.
Itisessentialtohaveyourtranslatedmaterialsproofread.
Youdon'twantyourbrandnametosoundlikebadluckorcontainastrangewordinChinese.
ChineseholidaysEachDecember,theChineseStateCouncilOfficeissuesnextyear'spublicholidayarrangementsastheGovernmenttriestoalignstatutorypublicholidayswithadjoiningweekendstocreatelongerbreaks.
Transportationandpublicservicemaybeimpactedindifferentwaysontheselongerbreaks.
TheChineseLunarCalendarandimportantholidaysvaryeveryyear.
Itisfineforforeignorganisationstokeeptheirpreferredholidayarrangements,butbusinessesshouldnotethatunderChineseLabourLaw,arrangingworkonstatutoryChinesepublicholidayswouldbedeemedasovertimeand300percentcompensationtoemployeesworkingonthesedaysismandatory.
StatutoryChinesePublicHolidays:NewYear:1JanuaryChineseNewYear:3days,ofteninJanuaryorFebruaryQingMing(TombSweepingDay):1dayinAprilLabour'sDay:1MayDuanWu(DragonBoatFestival):1day,ofteninMayorJuneZhongQiu(Mid-AutumnDay):1day,ofteninSeptemberNationalDay:3daysinOctober.
IntellectualpropertyprotectionbasicsIntellectualpropertyrights(IPR)protectionshouldbeconsideredandactionedbeforeyouenteranyforeignmarket.
Australianbusinessesshouldbeawareofbasicpoints,andtakenecessaryactionspriortoyourentryintotheChinamarket.
ChinahasadifferentlegalsystemregardingIPRregistration,protection,litigationandenforcement.
TheChinesetrademarksystemis'First-to-File'ratherthan'First-to-Use',soregisterearlyandinChineselanguage.
FIRSTTOFILETheChineseGovernmenthandlingfeeforregisteringaclassoftrademarkcostsCNY300(A$60).
TheMadridProtocolisappliedinMainlandChina(notyetinHongKongSAR),henceyoucanregisteryourtrademarkfromAustralia.
Bewareofthedifferentsub-classsystemsinChinaandalsoconsiderregisteringyourtrademarkinthelocallanguage.
ItistheIPRowner'sdutytomonitorpotentialinfringements.
Whenyounoticeone,reporttoandworkwithlocallawenforcement.
Donotshyawayfromengagement.
TakinglegalactioninChina–bewarethatcourtrulingsinonecountryarenotautomaticallyrecognisedorenforceableinadifferentcountry.
Consideranenforceabledisputeclausewhenyoudraftyourcontract.
However,donotbeafraidtosuetheinfringersasdatashowsthere'snoprejudiceagainstforeignIPrightownersinChinesecourts.
FormoreinformationaboutprotectingyourIPrightsinChina,gotoIPAustraliaandreadtheProtectingYourIPinChinaGuide.
11BusinesspracticeandetiquetteChinesebusinessetiquetteincludesthefollowing:Calltheexecutivefromyourbusinesscounterpartbyhisorherlastnameafterthetitle.
Ifyoudon'tknowthetitle,simplyusetheprefix,forexample,MrZhang,DirectorZhangorMsWang.
TheChineseseldomcallothersbytheirfirstnameasitisconsideredoffensiveunlessbetweenclosefriendsorfamily.
However,ifapersonusesanAngloname,therewouldn'tbeanydifferencewhenreferringtothatpersonthaninWesternculture.
'Showingrespect'isafundamentalrulefordoingbusinessinChina.
Onebasicgestureistousebothhandstopresentandtakebusinesscards.
Itisconsideredrudetobluntlyrefuseordeclineaproposalinperson.
Youcantellifyourcounterpartiskeenbytryingtomakeafollow-upappointment.
"WecametotheLandingPadwithnoexpectationsandareleavingwithaworldofknowledgewecouldnothaveaccumulateddoingthisonourown.
"JasonLu,CEO,KOPAItisunlikelyyouwouldstrikeadealwithyourcounterpartatthefirstmeeting.
Firstmeetingsareoftenhigh-levelmutualintroductionsprovidingclarityandbasicconfidence,oftenfollowedbysomeroundsofinformationexchangeandrelationshipbuilding.
Non-chopped(stamped)documentsaredeemedvoidintheChinesebusinessenvironment,evenwiththesignatureofanauthorisedsignatory.
AsialinkBusinesshastipsonmaintaininggoodbusinessetiquette.
12CarrierChinaMobileChinaUnicomChinaTelecomWebsitewww.
10086.
cnwww.
10010.
comhttp://189.
cnHotline100861001010000FormatsGSM,TD-SCDMA,LTE(TD)GSM,WCDMA(HSPA+),LTE(TD/FDD)GSM,CDMA2000(EVDO),LTE(TD/FDD)AfteryouarriveLanguagesupportServicestaffoftencanunderstandEnglish.
Ifyou'reinneedoflanguagesupport,calltheShanghaiGovernment-sponsoredhotlineon962288(+86-21-962288).
IfyouneedtogotoameetingconductedinMandarin,considerseekingassistancefromprofessionalinterpreters.
BankingandmobilepaymentPurchaselocalcurrencyNon-ChinesenationalscanpurchaseorconvertforeigncurrenciesintoChineseYuan(CNY,Renminbi)atanybankoutletorauthorisedforeignexchangeserviceagencyinMainlandChinawithaphotoID.
ThedailycapistheequivalentofUS$500(US$1,000beforegoingthroughimmigrationatairports)andtheannualcapistheequivalentofUS$50,000.
There'snocapfornon-ChinesenationalstopurchaseforeigncurrencieswithinMainlandChinabutforlargetransactions,thebankmayrequiresubstantialproofoflegitimatesourceofincomeandpurposes.
SetupyouraccountLocalbanksusuallyrequirenon-Chinesenationalstopresenttheirpassportsandvalidvisas.
Somebanksrequirevisaswithatemporarystaylongerthanthreemonthstoissueadebitaccount.
Chinesebanksdonotissuechequeaccountsforindividuals.
Themostbasicandcommonlyusedaccountisadebitaccountandcard.
ChinesedebitcardsareallundertheChinaUnionPaynetwork.
Withalocalcardandalocalmobilenumber,youcansetupyourmobilepaymentaccountswithWeChatorAlipay.
Downloadtherelevantappsandcompletethebankaccountandmobilepaymentaccountbindingprocedures.
Usecreditcardsande-paymentCreditcardsissuedbyVisa,MasterCardorAmericanExpresscanbeusedinChina,butnotaswidelyasChinaUnionPayormobilepayment.
YoumaylinkyouroverseascreditcardstoWeChatPayorAlipayandstartusingit.
However,notallmerchantsacceptpaymentmadebycreditcards.
Mostplaces,suchassmallstreetdinersandfruit-standowners,wouldprefertobepaidelectronically.
Moste-paymenttransactionsinChinaareconductedviaeitherWeChatPayorAlipaythroughQRcodes.
MerchantscanscanQRcodesgeneratedonconsumers'phones,orthemerchantsmayrequireconsumerstoscanthestaticQRcodesshown.
ApplePayandtap-to-pay(suchasVisaPayWaveorChinaUnionPayQuickPay)areavailableinanumberofshops,mostlyinternationalfranchiseslikeStarbucks.
TelecommunicationsMainlandChinahasimposedcensorshipandaccessrestrictionsknownas'theGreatFirewall'forcertainonlineservicesincludingFacebook,InstagramandGoogle.
TherearealternativenetworksolutionsavailabletohelpgetaccessfrominsideChina,forexample,avirtualprivatenetwork(VPN).
TherearethreemajortelecommunicationcarriersinChina–ChinaMobile,ChinaUnicomandChinaTelecom.
Theyallprovideafullrangeofservicesincludingmobile,landline,homeandbusinessbroadband.
ActivationofindividualcellularaccountsrequiresphotoIDverificationataservicecounterofthecarrierofyourchoice.
13TaxationBelowisgeneralinformationontaxationyouneedtoknowuponyourarrivalandinitiationofbusinessactivities.
Formorecomprehensiveandtailoredtaxadvice,pleaseseekassistancefromprofessionalserviceproviders.
VAT(Value-addedTax)isimposedonsalesofgoodsandservicesinMainlandChina.
Populartaxratesare16percent(saleofgoods)and6percent(saleofservices)withapossiblerelaxedtaxrateof3percentunderspecialpreferentialtaxschemes.
AcceptedaccountingandtaxclaimingevidenceareVATinvoices(Fapiao,发票)thatmaybeissuedelectronicallyorpaper-based.
Individualincometaxshouldbewithheldbythepayeroremployerandreportedtothetaxauthoritymonthly.
ThetaxratevariesforindividualswhoworkinChinaonapermanentbasis(payrolltax)oronatemporarybasis;andvariesfordifferentcategoriesofincome.
EnterpriseincometaxforentitieswithpermanentestablishmentinMainlandChinaisa25percentflatrate,leviedonprofitswithapossiblerelaxedtaxrateof15percentunderspecialpreferentialtaxschemes.
ForbusinessactivitieswithoutactualordeemedpermanentestablishmentinMainlandChina,aminimumof10percentwithholdingtaxisappliedtotherevenuemadeinChina.
Forincometaxes,AustraliaandChinasignedtheDoubleTaxationAgreement(DTA)in1988.
SeetheTreasurywebsiteformoreinformation.
TheChina-AustraliaFreeTradeAgreement(ChAFTA)hasbroughtpreferentialdutyandtariffarrangementsforAustralianexporterstoChina.
SeetheDepartmentofForeignAffairsandTrade'sChAFTAsiteformoreinformation.
14CharacterForeignentities(incl.
entitiesfromHongKong/MacauSARorTaiwanregion)ForeignnationalsChinesenationalsInboundtoChina(SettleinCNY)CanbetransferredtoChinesebankaccountandsettledinCNYrelativelyeasilyaslongasanti-moneylaundering(AML)requirementsaremet.
AnnualcapofUS$50,000settlementtoCNYapplies.
Genuinepurposeevidenceisneededforsettlementbeyondthecap.
AnnualcapofUS$50,000forCNYsettlementandFXpurchase(shared)applies.
OutboundfromChina(Purchaseforeignexchange)Needtofileforlegitimatetransactionpurposeswithassistancefrombanks.
Commonpurposesincl.
dividends,profits,servicefees,royalties,etc.
andcanbehandledafteranapprovalprocess.
SmallamountpurchaseUS$500orUS$1,000(atinternationalairports)pertransactionallowed.
NoFXpurchasecapappliesbutevidenceofsourceofincomefromChinarequiredforotherpurchases.
SETTINGUPSHOPProfitrepatriationandforeignexchangecontrolEverycountryhasitsownsetofrulesinlevyingtaxonrevenuesorprofitsfrombusinessactivitiesonitssoilorfromitsorigin.
ForeignExchange(CapitalOutflow)ControlisimposedinMainlandChinabythePeople'sBankofChina(PBoC)andtheStateAdministrationofForeignExchange(SAFE).
China(includingHongKongSAR)hasenteredintoOECD'sMultilateralConvention,preventingBEPS(BaseErosionandProfitShifting)andupholdingCRS(CommonReportingStandard)protocoltofurtherfightagainsttaxevasion.
BelowisgeneralinformationtoconsiderwhensettingupinChinaandrepatriatingprofitsbacktoyourhomecountry.
Seekprofessionaladviceandassistanceformoredetailedandtailoredpractices.
15Cybersecurity,domain/hosting,cloudservicesanddatastoragecomplianceTheCybersecurityLawofPRChasbeenineffectsince1June2017.
Itregulatesonlineoperations,protectspersonaldataandprivacy,andsafeguardscybersovereigntyandnationalsecurity.
Belowisanon-exhaustivedigestofkeyclausesandimplications.
Formoredetailsaboutthelegislationanditsimplicationsforyourbusiness,seekprofessionaladvice.
NetworkandonlineservicesoperationNetworkandonlineservicesoperationOperatorsmustkeeprelevantnetworklogsforatleastsixmonths.
Beforeprovidingservice,operatorsmustaskuserstoprovideauthenticidentification.
CriticalnetworkfacilityoperatorsmuststoreallimportantdataandpersonalinformationgeneratedfromPRCwithintheterritoryofPRC.
Operatorsmustnotifyusersandobtainconsentfromusersiftheservicecontainsuserinformationcollectionfunctionalities.
Operatorsmuststrictlykeepcollecteduserinformationconfidentialandmustnotcollectpersonalinformationthat'sirrelevanttotheservicesbeingprovided.
Operatorsmustnotleak,alterordestroythecollectedinformation,norprovidetheinformationtoanythirdpartieswithoutexplicitconsentfromusers.
Userscanaskoperatorsthatillegallycollect,storeandusetheirinformationtodeleterelevantdata,ormodifyanywrongrecords.
Operatorsshouldmonitoruser-generatedcontentandcutthetransmissionofillegalinformationoncediscovered.
MonitoringandresponsivenessRegulationsandfinesSimilartotherequirementsofNISTnetworksafetyframeworkandISO2700xstandard.
FinesforviolationsvaryfromCNY5,000toCNY1millionwithpotentialbusinessconsequencesincludingforcedbusinesssuspensionortermination,licencerevocation,removalofbusinessprincipalsandcriminalprosecution.
Forforeignonlineserviceoperators,itisreasonablyconvenienttoadoptservicesfromestablishedcloudserviceproviderssuchasAWS,MicrosoftAzureandAlibabaCloud.
TheseprovidersmaybeabletoassistyouinsettingupyouronlinepresenceinChinawithfullcompliance.
YoudonotneedaChineseentitytosetupyourwebsitehostingorstartusingthesecloudservicesinChina.
However,ifyouwouldliketoapplyfora'.
cn'domainname,youmayeitherneedaChineseindividualorentitytoregister.
Furthermore,forundisruptedDNSroutinginMainlandChina,anICPlicenceisrequiredforwebsitesoperatinginChina.
YourcloudserviceproviderwillbeabletoadvisefurtherongettinganICPlicence.
"ThroughtheLandingPadProgramandleveragingAustrade'scredibility,wehavebeenabletoapproachsomeseriousprivateequitycompaniesinShanghaitoestablishafundforall16ofourprojectshereinShanghai.
"MeganGadico,FounderandCEO,GroupEightMedia16FundraisingEquityInvestmentScaleofChina'sventurecapitalinvestment1:Apr2017–Apr2018MonthAPR2017MAY2017JUN2017JUL2017AUG2017SEP2017OCT2017NOV2017DEC2017JAN2018FEB2018MAR2018APR2018Amount(US$bn)2.
763.
674.
112.
863.
583.
223.
65.
545.
337.
094.
157.
699.
44No.
oftickets256279297270300234211306326298166292240AMOUNTUS$bn1086420APR2017MAY2017JUN2017JUL2017AUG2017SEP2017OCT2017NOV2017DEC2017JAN2018FEB2018MAR2018APR2018Source:ChinaVenture.
com.
cnSource:ChinaVenture.
com.
cnNO.
OFTICKETS350501001502002503000APR2017MAY2017JUN2017JUL2017AUG2017SEP2017OCT2017NOV2017DEC2017JAN2018FEB2018MAR2018APR2018Source:ChinaVenture.
com.
cn17Venturecapital(VC)investmentsinChinaaredefinedasfundingroundsstartingfromPre-Series-A(withaveragefundingamountofUS$3.
21millionperticketinApril2018)toSeries-Dandbeyond,andareconductedbyinstitutionalVCinvestors.
Institutionalinvestorscomefromvariedbackgroundssuchascorporatedevelopmentdivisionsoflargecorporations,professionalgeneralpartnersoperatinginternationally,andearly-stageinvestmentteamsofbanksandassetmanagementgroups.
MegacityclusterslikeBeijing,Shanghai(includingZhejiangandJiangsu),andtheGuangzhou-ShenzhenBayAreaaretopdestinationsforinvestmentactivitiesbutinvestorsdonotlimittheiractivitiesinsuchclusters.
Angelinvestorsmaybeindividualsorinstitutionalinvestors.
Normallytheywouldexpecthigherreturnoninvestmentastheynaturallybearhigherrisks.
LoansandcreditlinesLocalbanksmayoffersmallloansandcreditlinesforentrepreneursbutwouldnormallyrequiredocumentsprovinglocalbusinessactivities(suchasordersandcontracts)orassetsascollateral,orforlocalrepresentativestoco-sign.
Consultyourbankforoptions.
LocalgrantsandsubsidiesLocalgovernmentagenciesoftenmayoffergrantsandsubsidiesintheformofcashorrebates.
Normallysuchprogramsarepromotedandhandledthroughincubatorsandco-workingspacesandaremostlyforlocallyregisteredbusinesses.
Consultyourco-workingspaceorincubatorformoreinformation.
AlternativefundingForbusinesses,InitialCoinOffering(ICO)oranyotherformoffundattractionfromnon-specificpublicisconsideredacriminaloffenceinChina.
However,youmayfindindividualChineseinvestinginforeignICOs.
18EntityregistrationTypeofentityHostingRepresentativeofficeWhollyforeign-ownedenterprise(WOFE)orjointventureCriteriaforsettingupNoparticularcriteriaParentcompanyingoodbusinessconditionsforoverayearinhomecountryNoparticularcriteriaforparentcompanybutthenewentityshouldcomplywithPRClawsandarticlesofassociationApprovalbeforeRegistrationNotapplicableProvincialdepartmentofcommerceProvincialdepartmentofcommerce(nowbeingstreamlined)LegalstatusContractingrelationshipbetweencommissioningpartyandlocalhostingpartyDependentrepresentation(notalegalperson)IndependentlegalpersonOperatingdurationDependingonbusinessneeds1yearmax,subjecttorenewalDeterminedbytheArticlesofAssociation,uptoperpetuityOperatingaddressVirtualorsharedofficespacebythehostingpartyAccreditedbusinessbuildingsthatcanhostforeignrepofficesBusinessaddresses(canbeinsideaco-workingspace)SettingupofbankaccountNoYesYesVisainvitationforforeignnationalsHandledbythehostingpartyHandledbytherepofficeHandledbytheWOFEHiring&firingoflocalemployees(incl.
payroll,socialsecurity,accumulationfunds,occupationalhealthcompliances,etc.
)Handledthroughalabouragency(incl.
ChiefRep),numberofemployeescannotexceed4peopleIndependenthiringandfiringpractices,nolimitonnumberofemployeesAccounting/financesandtaxationRepofficeaspermanentestablishment,andactualcostasdeemedprofitforcorporateincometaxlevyingEntityaspermanentestablishment,actualprofitasbasisofcorporateincometaxlevyingwithpotentialVATrebateandtaxbreaksapplicableIssuanceof|taxinvoicesNoYes19Registrationofwhollyforeign-ownedenterpriseManyrestrictionshavebeenandarecontinuouslybeingliftedandthecomplexityofregisteringawhollyforeign-ownedenterprise(WFOEorWOFE)hasgreatlyreduced.
ReadAsialinkBusiness'summaryforbusinessregistrationinChinaasareferencebutbeadvisedthepolicyforregisteringaWOFEisbeingstreamlinedbytheChineseGovernment.
ThenewsampleprocesscameintoeffectattheendofJune2018(seefollowing).
Consultprofessionallegalandadvisoryservicesbeforeyoustartyourregistrationprocess.
CompanynameapprovalVerificationofbusinessaddressInitiationofonlineapplicationCross-checkingofnegativebusinesslistIntendedbusinessactivitiesnotinnegativelistIntendedbusinessactivitiesinthenegativelistDirectfilinganduploadingApplyingforpreliminaryapprovalSubmissionofmaterialsforboththe'Foreign-OwnedEnterpriseFilingCertificate'andbusinessregistrationSubmissionofpreliminarybusinessfilingmaterialsfor'ForeignInvestmentApprovalCertificate'Collectionoflicences:filingcertificateandbusinesslicence,withpermissiontocarvechops(aChinesenameseal)CollectionofforeigninvestmentapprovalcertificateandsubmissionofbusinessregistrationmaterialsCollectionofbusinesslicencewithpermissiontocarvechopsFurtherprocessese.
g.
FX,customs,bankaccountsetup,etc.
Co-workingspacesandincubatorsThereareplentyofincubatorsandco-workingspacesthatcanprovidereasonableworkspacesolutionsinShanghaiandbeyond.
Rentvariesdrasticallydependingonlocation.
Anumberofinternationaloperatorsintheco-workingorserviced-officespacesareactiveacrossanumberoflocations,providingprimeaccessibilities,businessimage,andstaffwelfaresolutions.
WeWorkNakedHUBRegusXNode.
Chinesestate-ownedincubatorsareoftenlarge-scalebusinessorindustryparksaccommodatingSMEsorlargeorganisationsbutcanalsohoststartupswithbasicbusinesssupportandoptionalincubatorservices.
State-ownedincubatorsoftenaggregatesubstantiallocalgovernmentincentivesandmaybeabletoassistindealingwithlocalgovernmentagencies.
ZhangjiangInnoParkCaohejingInternationalBusinessIncubator.
"AnoutcomeofourLandingPadexperiencewasaccesstothelocalAustradeoffice,knowledgeandconnectionsinHongKong,whichenabledustodevelopanactionableplanforenteringthatmarket.
"BrianPong,SeniorExecutive,Tenderfield20ExpandyourfootprintacrossChinaTheAustralianLandingPadinShanghaicollaborateswithanumberofAustradeofficesandlocalpartnerstoestablish'ChinaPathways',aggregatingresourcesandlocalinsightstobetterserviceAustralianentrepreneurs'expeditionstoChina.
Week-longBootcampsorTailoredMarketSprintsinShanghai90-dayLandingPadResidenciesinShanghaiShowcasesandInvestorConnectprogramsinBeijing,Tianjin,ShenzhenandShanghaifurtherpromotingAustralianentrepreneursLandtoBroaderChinaassistance,helpingChina-readySMEsexpandtoWestChinaforgreateropportunitiesinbroaderChinamarketsChinaPathwaysfacilitatedbytheShanghaiLandingPad21RESOURCESPublicinformationShanghaiGovernmentShanghaiMetroBankofChinaExchangeRateShanghaiAirportAuthority.
LocalnewsandinsightsChinaDailyShanghaiDailyTechNode(TechCrunchChina).
ThingstodoTimeOutShanghaiTripAdvisor–ShanghaiTourismHSKChineseProficiencyTest.
GenerallivingSomegeneraltipsforday-to-dayliving:Tapwaterisnotpotable–drinkafterboilingorbuybottledwater.
However,somefountainsinpublicspacesofferpotablewater.
Wastedisposalgenerallyfollowsrecyclableandnon-recyclablecategories.
There'snotippingtraditioninChineserestaurantsandhotels.
High-endplaceswilladdasurchargedirectlytothebill.
VATisalreadyincludedinthepriceshown.
AirqualitymayoccasionallydeteriorateinwinterespeciallyinNorthernChina.
Payattentiontoweatherforecastsandairqualityreadingsandtakethenecessaryhealthprecautions.
Englishmenusareoftenavailableatdowntownrestaurants.
Explainyourdietaryrestrictionstothewaitstaffandnormallytheserequirementscanbeaccommodated.
However,smallerrestaurantsservinglocalcuisinesmaynotbeabletoprovidefoodfollowingcertaindietaryrestrictions.
ChecktheAustralianGovernment'sSmartTravellerwebsiteforthelatesttraveladviceandrecommendedprecautions.
22TrafficandtransportationMetroShanghaihas14Metrolines.
TicketfaresrangefromCNY3–11pertrip.
Youcanuseyourmetrocard(seebelow)orbuyone-wayticketsordaypasses.
Remembertoswipeinandoutatentriesandexits.
Fortimetables,visittheShanghaiMetrowebsite.
Shanghai'sPublicTransportationCard(metrocard)iswidelyacceptedonallpublictransportationvehiclesandfacilitiesincludingmaglev,buses,metro,ferries,taxiesandanumberofparkinglots.
Buyyourmetrocardatmetrostationservicecentres,airportsandrailwaystations,orcheckApple'sGuidetoUseExpressTransitwithApplePayinBeijingandShanghaitoaddaNFCvirtualcardtoyouriPhoneorAppleWatch.
BusYoucancheckreal-timebusschedulesatbusstopsorusethe'上海公交'(ShanghaiBus)apponiOSAppStore.
Swipeorbuyaticketonthebus,thisisusuallyCNY2pertrip.
TaxiHeadlightsingreenindicatethetaxiisreadytohail;redmeansthetaxiisreservedornotoperating;andnoheadlightsindicatethetaxiisoccupied.
Duetotheemergenceofridesharingservices,sometimesemptytaxiesdonotstopforhailers.
Gotothenearesthoteltoaskforadoorman'shelpifyou'rehavingtrouble.
Afteryougetin,givedirectionstoyourdestinationusingacombinationoftwocrossroads(e.
g.
theLandingPadisatWestYan'anRoadbyNorthUrumqiRoad).
It'salwaysusefultoshowthedrivertheaddressinChineseorapinonyournavigationapp.
WalkingorbikingInShanghai,pedestriansenjoythehighestrightofpassageandthisisreinforcedbyhumanandelectronicpoliceforces.
However,donottrytojaywalkastherearecamerasandfacialrecognitiontechnologyinplacetocaptureandfinejaywalkers.
BikinginShanghaiiscommonaslocalsprefertousemopedsforefficienttransportation.
Bikesharingisalsopopularforshorttrips.
However,payattentiontoroadinstructionsascyclingisprohibitedonanumberofmainroads.
Dangerousridingbehavioursincludingridingonthewrongsideofroadsandacrosspedestrianwalkwaysaresubjecttoafineorconfiscationofthevehicle.
Ahelmetisrecommendedbutnotmandatorywhenriding.
NavigationappApple'snativeMapappcanbeaccessedinMainlandChinawithease.
SearchtheaddressinEnglishfordriving,commutingorwalkingroutes.
GoogleMapscannotbeaccessed,andlocalBaiduMapsdonotprovideservicesinEnglish.
MaglevTheMaglevpilotlineconnectsPudongAirportandLongYangRoadStationinPudongNewDistrict.
Trainsleaveevery20minutesduringthedayandaone-wayticketwillcostCNY50orCNY40withametrocard.
Youwillneedtoswipeinandoutwhenenteringandexitingstations.
DrivingInternationaldrivers'permitsarenotvalidinChina.
ForeignerswhocanlegallystayinChinaformorethan90daysperentrycanapplyforaChinesedriver'slicenceaftertakingtheregulationsandroadtests.
23Inter-citytravelAirportsShanghaihastwoairports–HongqiaoAirport(SHA)andPudongAirport(PVG)–bothhavetwoterminals.
Doublechecktheairportandterminalwithyourairlinebeforeyoutravelasaone-waytripfromoneairporttotheotherwouldtakeatleastanhour.
Shuttlebusesbetweenterminalswithinoneairportwouldnormallytake15minutes.
Check-incountersclose45minutesbeforedeparturetimeandsecuritychecksmaytakeawhile.
High-speedrailThebullettrainnetworkspansmorethan20,000kilometresandconnectsallprovincial-leveljurisdictions.
Shanghaihasthreepassengerrailwaystations–ShanghaiStation(Jing'anDistrict),ShanghaiHongqiaoStation(nexttoHongqiaoAirport),andShanghaiSouthStation(SouthwestShanghai).
High-speedtrainsnormallyarriveanddepartfromHongqiaoStationbutsometrainsarefromShanghaiStation,alwayscheckinadvance.
Youcanordertrainticketsonlineorviamobile.
Passengerspurchasingticketsusingnon-ChineseIDsmustpresenttheirphotoIDatacounterattherailwaystationtogetthepaper-basedticket.
SecurityandemergencyGototheSmartTravellerwebsitetocheckrecommendedsafetyprecautionsandrelevantself-assistinformation.
Emergencycontacts:Police:110Fire:119Ambulance:120(forhealth-relatedsituations;contactyourinsurancecompanytogetmoreinformationonreceivingcareandmakingclaims)ConsularEmergencyCentre(CEC)inCanberra:1300555135(callingfromAU),+61262613305(callingfromoverseas),orbySMSon+61421269080AustralianEmbassy,Beijing:21DongzhimenwaiDajie,Sanlitun,+861051404111AustralianConsulateGeneral,Shanghai:L22CITICSquare,1168NanjingXiLu,+862122155200AustralianConsulateGeneral,Guangzhou:L12DevelopmentCentre,3LinjiangRoad,+862038140111AustralianConsulateGeneral,Chengdu:L27SquareOne,18DongyuStreet,+862862685200BewarethatChinesepoliceofficesandbrancheshavedifferentdivisionofresponsibilities.
Theemergencylineforpolice(110)shouldalwaysbeyourfirstcontactinanemergencye.
g.
ifyouarehitbyacar,donotleavethescene,dial110rightawayandwaitforapoliceofficeratanearbysafespot.
24EventsandnetworkingShanghaiisoneoftheworld'slargestbusinesshubs,withalargeexpatandforeignbusinessworkforceengagedinlargefirms,startupsandeverythinginbetween.
Shanghaihasavarietyofnetworksandsupportorganisationsforforeignerstogetinvolvedwith.
TheAustralianChamberofCommerceShanghai(AustChamShanghai)AustChamShanghaiisthepeakbodyforAustralianbusinessinChina.
Amembership-basedorganisation,AustChamShanghairepresentsmorethan400businessesandindividualsprovidingsupport,education,advocacyandbusinessservices.
TheShanghaiExpatriateAssociation(SEA)SEAisanon-profit,multinational,member-basedorganisation.
ItwasestablishedtoprovideasocialandculturalnetworkforexpatsandtheirfamiliesinShanghai,andisoneofthelargestgroupsofitskindinChina.
SEAiscommittedtoenrichingtheChinaexperienceforexpatslivinginandaroundthegreaterShanghaiareaandwelcomesanyforeignpassport-holderasamember.
AdvanceinChinaAdvanceisthelargestnetworkofglobalAustraliansanduniversityalumniworldwide.
Advance'smissionistoengage,connectandempowerleadingglobalAustraliansandalumni,toreinvestnewskills,talentandopportunitiesintoAustralia.
Intermsofadditionalnetworkingopportunities,werecommendkeepingacloseeyeonallincubators,acceleratorsandco-workingspacesthroughoutShanghaionEventbriteorlocaleventsites.
It'sahighlydynamicfieldwithaconsiderablenumberofforeignplayersandfundingflowingthroughtheecosystem.
Thecommunityoftenrunsnetworkingandpitchingeventsacrossthecity,andoftencollaborateswithkeyindustrypartnerssuchasStartupGrindandStartupWeekend.
"TheLandingPadexperienceinChinagaveusinvaluableinsight,alongwiththeknowledgeofwhatweneedtodotobereadyforthismarket.
"JasonLu,CEO,KOPAUsefulappsWeChat:This'superapp'encompasseseverything.
It'samessage,videoandvoice-callingdevice,mobilepaymentsplatform,photo-sharingsite,andanonlineshoppingplatformallrolledintoone.
Alipay:LikeWeChatPay,onlymorewidelyacceptedatalargernumberofretailersthroughoutChina.
It'srecommendedyousetupanAlipayandWeChatPayaccountsimultaneously.
Eleme/Sherpa:Eleme(饿了么)isonlyavailableinMandarinandcandeliverawidevarietyoffoodsstraighttoyourdoor.
SherpaisavailableinEnglishandisdesignedforexpatswantinghigher-classinternationaldiningoptions.
Mobike/Ofo:Bothappsprovideeasy,cashlessbikesharingacrossanumberoflargeChinesecities.
Onceadepositispaidandtheaccountissetup,bikescanbescannedviaaQRcodeandusedimmediately.
Bonapp:AcomprehensiveguidetoShanghai'srestaurantandbarscene.
AirMatters:Real-timeairqualityindexformorethan400citiesinChina.
ThedatacomesfromtheUSStateDepartmentandtheChinaMinistryforEnvironmentalProtection.
Agreatwaytocheckiftheairinyourlocationishealthyordangerous.
DiDi:TheChineseUberoffersmulti-rangeservicesforlimos,minivans,sedans,carpoolsortaxies.
ShanghaiMetroOfficialGuide:AusefulapptomapoutandplanyourmetrojourneyinShanghai.
Booking.
com:BestwaytoviewaccommodationonlineinChina.
Widelyused,trouble-free.
Airbnb:Localhomesandexperiences.
25HOWTHEAUSTRALIANGOVERNMENTCANASSISTAustradeTheAustralianTradeandinvestmentCommission–Austrade–contributestoAustralia'seconomicprosperitybyhelpingAustralianbusinesses,educationinstitutions,tourismoperators,governmentsandcitizensasthey:developinternationalmarketswinproductiveforeigndirectinvestmentpromoteinternationaleducationstrengthenAustralia'stourismindustryseekconsularandpassportservices.
Austradeprovidesinformationandadvicethatcanhelpyoureducethetime,costandriskofdevelopinginternationalmarkets.
WealsoadministertheExportMarketDevelopmentGrantsschemeandofferarangeofservicestoAustralianexportersingrowthandemergingmarkets.
Waustrade.
gov.
auaustraliaunlimited.
com/landing-padsE:info@austrade.
gov.
au@LandingPadsAuAustralianLandingPadsGrantsandincentivesInadditiontotheLandingPadProgram,AustralianentrepreneursshouldalsoconsiderthefollowinggrantandtaxincentiveprogramsbeforeenteringtheChinesemarket.
Thislistisnotcomprehensiveandentrepreneursshouldconducttheirownresearchintoavailablegrantsandsupportprogramsincludingatstateandlocalgovernmentlevels.
ExportMarketDevelopmentGrants(EMDG)ResearchandDevelopment(R&D)TaxIncentiveTheEntrepreneurs'Program——Acceleratingcommercialisation——Businessmanagement——Incubatorsupport——InnovationconnectionsCSIROInnovationConnectionsProgramEFIC26FurtherinformationAustradeChinapodcastChinapodcastChinapodcast:seneca.
whooshkaa.
com/shows/austrade-china-podcastChina'sstartupecosysteminfographic:australiaunlimited.
com/ArticleDocuments/240/China%20startup%20ecosystem%20infographic%202017.
pdf.
aspxEmbed=YIncubators–ChinaTorchCentre:chinatorch.
gov.
cn/fhq/index.
shtmlVisainformation–au.
china-embassy.
org/eng/ls/vfc/t1038740.
htmVisaapplicationservicecentres–visaforchina.
orgVisaexemptioncircumstances–au.
china-embassy.
org/eng/ls/vfc/t1038742.
htmAPECBusinesscardtravel–homeaffairs.
gov.
au/busi/trav/apecImmigrationDepartment,HongKongSAR–immd.
gov.
hk/eng/index.
htmlPublicSecurityPoliceForce,MacauSAR–fsm.
gov.
mo/psp/eng/Service_Imm.
htmlIPAustralia–ipaustralia.
gov.
auProtectingyourIPinChinaguide–ipaustralia.
gov.
au/sites/g/files/net856/f/protecting_your_ip_in_china_guide.
pdfAsialinkbusinessetiquettetips–asialinkbusiness.
com.
au/china/conducting-business-in-china/chinese-business-cultureIncometaxtreaties–treasury.
gov.
au/tax-treaties/income-tax-treatiesChina-AustraliaFreeTradeAgreement–dfat.
gov.
au/trade/agreements/chafta/Pages/australia-china-fta.
aspxChinaVentureCapital–chinaventure.
com.
cn/cmsmodel/report/detail/1411.
shtmlAsialinkbusinessregistrationsummary–asialinkbusiness.
com.
au/china/getting-started-in-china/registering-a-business-in-chinahttps:/asialinkbusiness.
com.
au/china/getting-started-in-china/registering-a-business-in-chinaAustralianGovernmentSmartTravellerWebsite–smartraveller.
gov.
au/Countries/asia/north/Pages/china.
aspxShanghaiMetrotimetable–shmetro.
comAustralianEmbassy,Beijing–china.
embassy.
gov.
auAustralianConsulate-General,Shanghai–shanghai.
china.
embassy.
gov.
auAustralianConsulate-General,Guangzhou–guangzhou.
china.
embassy.
gov.
auAustralianConsulate-General,Chengdu–chengdu.
china.
embassy.
gov.
auAustralianChamberofCommerce,Shanghai–austchamshanghai.
com/en/homeShanghaiExpatriateAssociation–seashanghai.
orgAdvanceinChina–advance.
org27austrade.
gov.
auAUSTRALIANLANDINGPADSHANGHAI