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CopyrightIBMCorp.
2005,2006.
Allrightsreserved.
ibm.
com/redbooks1RedpaperSettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectoryThisIBMRedpaperdiscussessettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheMicrosoftActiveDirectory.
WhyjoinanNseriesstoragesystemtoActiveDirectoryForresourcesonanetworktobelocatable,amechanismmustexistforfindingtheresourceseasily.
Inthiscase,thedirectoryserviceActiveDirectorykeepstrackofallknownresourcesandrespondstorequestswithalistofavailabledevicesandservices.
Beforeyoucanbetrustedtoqueryforresources,youmustbegrantedmembershipintheActiveDirectorydomain.
Activedirectoryworksonacontainerbasis.
Acontainercanbeadomain,organizationunit(OU),orcomputer.
KeybenefitsforjoininganIBMSystemStorageNseriessystemtoActiveDirectoryinclude:Controlledsecurityandmanagementthroughgroupmanagement;thatis,grouppolicyobjects(GPOs)andaccesscontrollists(ACLs)placedonobjectsandorganizationunits(OUs)Single-sign-onandpass-throughauthenticationforusersInteroperabilitybyextendingcontrolbeyondthenativeWindowsenvironmentthroughtheMicrosoftmanagementinterfacebyprovidingaread-onlycomputermanagementviewof:–Sharedfolders,shares,sessions,andopenfiles–LocalusersandgroupstotheNseriesstoragesystemDataONTAPDataONTAPisaproprietaryoperatingsystemdevelopedbyNetworkAppliance;itisnotbasedontheWindowsoperatingsystem.
Consequently,thecurrentDataONTAPoperatingAlexOsuna2SettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectorysystemrequiresadditionalrightsassignedtotheuserortotheprecreateddeviceobjectwhenanadministratororadministratorequivalentaccountisnotused.
WhenthecomputerobjecthassuccessfullyjoinedtheActiveDirectorydomain,theuseraccountcredentialswillnolongerbeusedandarenotstoredinanywayintheOS.
TheyareusedonlytoallowtheNseriesstoragesystemtobecomeanactivememberofActiveDirectoryandtowritestandardpropertiestotheobjectduringthejoinprocess(thepropertiesthatarewrittenarelistedinthenextsection).
Machinesneedaccounts,tooEverycomputerrunningaWindowsworkstation(WindowsNT4.
0orhigher),WindowsServeroperatingsystem,orNseriesstoragesystemhasacomputeraccount.
Justasusersmusthaveavalidaccountbeforebeingallowedtoaccessanetworkedresource,itisalsorequisitethatworkstations,servers,andotherdevicesthatparticipateinanActiveDirectorydomainhaveanaccount,whichprovidesameansforauthenticatingandauditingcomputeraccesstothenetworkandaccesscontrol,security,andmanagementtodomainresources.
Prerequisites1.
DeterminethehostnameoftheNseriesstoragesystem.
Onthecommandline,issuethehostnamecommand.
Figure1IssuethehostnamecommandTodeterminetheIPaddressoftheNseriesstoragesystem,usetheifconfig-acommand.
DataONTAP(itsotuc2)login:rootPassword:itsotuc2>SatJan314:34:40MST[telnet_0:info]:rootloggedinfromhost:192.
168.
3.
242itsotuc2*>hostnameitsotuc2SettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectory32.
MakesurethattheNseriesstoragesystemislicensedforCIFS.
ToopentheFilerView,openabrowserandtype:http://nserieshostname/na_adminFigure2ManageLicenseswindow4SettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectorySelectingauseraccountIntheActiveDirectoryUsersandComputerswindow,selectauseraccountthatwillbeusedwithprecreationoftheNseriesstoragesystemcomputerobject(Figure3).
Ifyoudonotalreadyhaveanappropriateuseraccount,haveyourWindowsadministratorcreateone.
Figure3UsertobeusedwithcreationofNseriesstoragesystemcomputerobjectSettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectory5EnsuringthattheNseriesstoragesystemacquiresminimumoperationrights1.
SelectViewfromthemenubar,andbesureAdvancedFeaturesisselected(Figure4).
Figure4EnsurethatAdvancedFeaturesisselected6SettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectory2.
Right-clickthestoragesystemnameandchooseProperties.
ClicktheSecuritytab(Figure5).
Figure5SecuritytabinPropertiesdialogSettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectory73.
Inthepermissionsarea,scrolldowntobesurethatChangePasswordandResetPasswordarechecked(Figure6).
Figure6Passwordpermissions8SettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectory4.
ScrollthepermissionsareaagainandmakesurethatWritePublicInformationpermissionischecked(Figure7).
Figure7WritePublicInformationpermissionSettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectory9PrecreatingacomputerobjectManyActiveDirectoryadministratorsemployasetofbestpracticesthatplacestrictcontrolsoverwhocancreatecomputerobjects.
PerformingthejoinasoutlinedinthissectionminimizessecurityrisksbyeliminatingtheneedforActiveDirectoryadministratorrightsatthedeviceduringthesetupprocess.
Youwillprecreatethecomputerobjectusinganaccountwiththerequiredprivileges,andlateruseanaccountwithfewerprivilegestologontothecomputerandissuetheappropriatecommandtocompletethejoinprocess.
PrecreatingacomputerobjectistherecommendedmethodforjoininganNseriesstoragesystemtoActiveDirectory.
CreatingthecomputerobjectFortheNseriesstoragesystemtojointheActiveDirectory,youmustcreateacomputerobjectthatreferencesit:1.
OpentheMicrosoftManagementConsole(MMC)forActiveDirectory.
Underyourdomain,right-clickComputerandselectNew→Computer(Figure8).
Figure8CreatingacomputerobjectinActiveDirectory10SettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectory2.
AsshowninFigure9throughFigure12onpage11,addanewcomputerobjectreferencingyourNseriesstoragesystemusingtheaccountfrom"Selectingauseraccount"onpage4.
Enteranameforthenewcomputer.
ClickChangenexttotheUserorgrouptitle.
(Figure9).
Figure9Namingthenewcomputer3.
SelecttheusertomanagetheNseriesstoragesystemcomputerobject,(Figure10)andclickOK.
Figure10SelectinguserforNseriesstoragesystemcomputerobjectSettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectory114.
Figure11showstheresultoftheuserchange.
ClickNext.
Figure11Resultsofspecifyinguser5.
Tocreateanaccountforamanagedcomputer,checktheboxnexttoThisisamanagedcomputer,andenterthecompleteGUID(Figure12).
ClickNext.
Figure12Creatingacomputerobject12SettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectory6.
ConfirmyourentryandclickFinishtocreatetheobject(Figure13).
Figure13Laststepincomputerobjectcreation7.
ThenewlycreatedcomputerobjectfortheNseriesstoragesystemshouldappearinthecomputerobjectcontainerofyourActiveDirectory(Figure14).
Figure14VerificationofcomputerobjectcreationSettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectory13WhentheActiveDirectoryjoinprocessiscomplete,anumberofpropertiesarewrittentothecomputeraccount,including:DNShostnameSeveralserviceprincipalnamesObjectclassesOperatingsystemnameandversionArandomlygeneratedpasswordforthisaccount,setviaKPASSWDRunningCIFSsetupwiththeNseriesstoragesystem1.
Inourexample,weusedtheCIFSsetupwizardfromthecommandline.
Typecifssetuptobegin(Figure15).
Figure15CIFSsetup2.
Whenaskedtoconfirmchangingtheaccountinformation,typey(yes)tocontinue(Figure16).
Figure16Fileraccount3.
TypentotakethedefaultnoinanswertoWINSvisibility(Figure17).
Figure17WINssetup4.
TakethedefaultntotheNTFS-onlyquestion,becauseyouwantmultiprotocolaccess(Figure18).
Figure18ProtocolsetupNote:ThisistheonlyinstanceinwhichtheNseriesstoragesystemjoinprocessdiffersfromtheMicrosoftjoinprocess.
MicrosoftusesproprietaryRPCcallstochangethepassword,buttheNseriesstoragesystemusesthepublishedKPASSWDAPIstoaccomplishthistask.
itsotuc2>cifssetupThisprocesswillenableCIFSaccesstothefilerfromaWindows(R)system.
Use""forhelpatanypromptandCtrl-Ctoexitwithoutcommittingchanges.
ThisfileriscurrentlyamemberoftheWindows-styleworkgroup'WORKGROUP'.
Doyouwanttocontinueandchangethecurrentfileraccountinformation[n]:yYourfilerdoesnothaveWINSconfiguredandisvisibleonlytoclientsonthesamesubnet.
DoyouwanttomakethesystemvisibleviaWINS[n]:nThisfileriscurrentlyconfiguredasamultiprotocolfiler.
WouldyouliketoreconfigurethisfilertobeanNTFS-onlyfiler[n]:n14SettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectory5.
KeepthenameassignedtotheNseriesstoragesystemduringinitialsetup,bytakingthedefaultn(Figure19).
Figure19Namedesignation6.
InourexamplewejoinedtheActiveDirectorysoweselected1(Figure20).
Figure20ActiveDirectoryselection7.
SpecifytheActiveDirectoryDomainnameitso.
tucson(Figure21).
Figure21ActiveDirectorydomain8.
Specifytheuseraccountthatwasdesignatedin"Selectingauseraccount"onpage4(Figure22).
Figure22Enterthepreviouslyselecteduser9.
Enterthepasswordforthedesignateduser(Figure23).
Figure23PasswordentryThedefaultnameforthisCIFSserveris'ITSOTUC2'.
Wouldyouliketochangethisname[n]:nDataONTAPCIFSservicessupportfourstylesofuserauthentication.
Choosetheonefromthelistbelowthatbestsuitsyoursituation.
(1)ActiveDirectorydomainauthentication(ActiveDirectorydomainsonly)(2)WindowsNT4domainauthentication(WindowsNTorActiveDirectorydomains)(3)WindowsWorkgroupauthenticationusingthefiler'slocaluseraccounts(4)/etc/passwdand/orNIS/LDAPauthenticationSelection(1-4)[1]:1WhatisthenameoftheActiveDirectorydomain[]:itso.
tucsonInordertocreateanActiveDirectorymachineaccountforthefiler,youmustsupplythenameandpasswordofaWindowsaccountwithsufficientprivilegestoaddcomputerstotheITSO.
TUCSONdomain.
EnterthenameoftheWindowsuser[]:NseriesPasswordforNseries:SettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectory1510.
Thesetupprocessrecognizesthatwepreconfiguredthecomputerobjectandaskswhethertoreusethisobject.
Answeryes(Figure24).
Figure24Accountreuseoption11.
TheSMBprotocolstarts,andaskswhethertospecifyotheruserstoadministertheNseriesstoragesystem.
Inourexamplewetookthedefaultno.
Afterthisresponse,aconfirmationofjoiningtheActivedirectoryappears(Figure25).
Figure25CIFSsetupcompletionCIFS-LoggedinasNseries@ITSO.
TUCSON.
Anaccountthatmatchesthename'ITSOTUC2'alreadyexistsinActiveDirectory:'cn=itsotuc2,cn=computers,dc=itso,dc=tucson'.
Thisisnormalifyouarere-runningCIFSSetup.
YoumaycontinuebyusingthisaccountorchangingthenameofthisCIFSserver.
Doyouwanttore-usethismachineaccount[y]:yCIFS-StartingSMBprotocol.
.
.
Currentlytheuser"ITSOTUC2\administrator"andmembersofthegroup"ITSO\DomainAdmins"havepermissiontoadministerCIFSonthisfiler.
Youmayspecifyanadditionaluserorgrouptobeaddedtothefiler's"BUILTIN\Administrators"group,thusgivingthemadministrativeprivlegesaswell.
WouldyouliketospecifyauserorgroupthatcanadministerCIFS[n]:nWelcometotheITSO.
TUCSON(ITSO)ActiveDirectory(R)domain.
CIFSlocalserverisrunning.
itsotuc2>16SettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectory12.
Toverifyandgetmoreinformationaboutthedomainyoujustjoined,usethecifsdomaininfocommand(Figure26).
Figure26OutputfromcifsdomaininfocommandShouldActiveDirectorybeinmixedornativemodeDomainfunctionlevels(mixedandnative)TherearenowfourdomainlevelsinwhichaWindows2003Servercanoperate:Windows2003Server.
AllWindows2003Servers,nootherdomaincontrollers.
However,evenatthislevel,thewholerangeofclients(includingNseriesstoragesystems)andmemberserverscanstilljointhedomain.
Windows2003Serverinterim.
WindowsNT4.
0serversandWindow2003Servers(butnotWindowsServer2000).
ThislevelariseswhenyouupgradeaWindowsNT4.
0PDCtoaWindows2003Server.
InterimmodeisimportantwhenyouhaveWindowsNT4.
0groupswithmorethan5000members.
WindowsServer2000doesnotallowyoutocreategroupswithmorethan5000members.
IBMStorageSystemN3700itsotuc1*>cifsdomaininfoNetBiosDomain:ITSOWindows2000DomainName:itso.
tucsonType:Windows2000FilerADSite:noneCurrentConnectedDCs:\\CHRISANTHYTotalDCaddressesfound:4PreferredAddresses:NoneFavoredAddresses:NoneOtherAddresses:192.
168.
3.
242CHRISANTHYPDC192.
168.
88.
1PDC9.
11.
218.
250PDC192.
168.
110.
1PDCNotcurrentlyconnectedtoanyADLDAPserverPreferredAddresses:NoneFavoredAddresses:NoneOtherAddresses:Noneitsotuc1*>Note:ThetermsmixedmodeandnativemoderefertofunctionallevelsinaWindows2000Server.
InWindows2003Server,thetermsmixedandnativehavebeensupersededbyRaiseFunctionLevel.
SettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectory17Windows2000native.
AllowsWindowsServer2000andWindows2003Server(butnotWindowsNT4.
0).
Windows2000mixed.
AllowsWindowsNT4.
0BDCsandWindows2000Server.
NaturallyWindows2000mixedisthedefaultfunctionlevel,becauseitsupportsalltypesofdomaincontrollers.
NseriesstoragesystemsAnNseriesstoragesystemmaybejoinedtoActiveDirectorywhetherinmixed,native,interim,orpureWindows2003Servermode.
Troubleshootingthedomain-joiningprocessItisnotuncommontoencountererrorswhenduringthedomain-joiningprocess.
Thissectionlistssomeofthemostcommonchallengeswhenjoiningthedomain.
DNSTodeterminewhethertheIBMNseriesisjoiningaWindowsNT4.
0domainorActiveDirectory,andtolocatedomaincontrollers,akeydistributioncenter(KDCusedforKerberos),andothernecessaryservices,CIFSreliesonDNS.
IfDNSisnotenabledorisconfiguredincorrectly,thedomain-joiningphaseeitherwillfailor,ifaMicrosoftWindowsInternet-namingserver(WINS)isrunning,assumethatthedomainbeingjoinedisaWindowsNT4.
0domain.
TimesynchronizationIftimesynchronizationisnotenabled,andtheNseriesstoragesystem'stimedriftsbymorethanfiveminutesfromthedomain'stime,clientauthenticationattemptstotheNseriesstoragesystemwillfailuntilcorrected.
ActiveDirectoryreplicationBasedonthesizeoftheActiveDirectorydomain,topropagateachangeforasmallorganizationwithonesite,thereplicationwillusuallytakelessthan15minutes.
Foraglobalcompanywithmanysites,thereplicationmighttakeuptoseveralhourstocomplete.
DevicediscoveryTheNseriesstoragesystemperformsanintelligentdiscoveryprocesstolocatethemostappropriatedomaincontroller(DC)inthenetworkwithwhichtocommunicate.
Foritsfirstconnection,DataONTAPattemptstouseserversthatappearintheCIFSprefdclist(inlistorder),ifconfigured.
(SeeFigure27andFigure28onpage18.
)Ifnoneofthesepreferredserversisavailable,orifnoneisconfigured,allserveraddressesarediscoveredatonce,thencategorized,prioritized,andcached.
Figure27prefdclistwithnothingconfigureditsotuc2>cifsprefdcprintNopreferredDomainControllersconfigured.
DCswillbeautomaticallydiscovered.
18SettingupCIFSsharesandjoiningtheActiveDirectoryFigure28cifsprefdcprintwithprefdcconfiguredPreferredaddressesareorderedasspecifiedusingthecifsprefdccommand.
"Favored"and"other"categoriesaresortedaccordingtothefastestresponse.
DataONTAPsimultaneouslypingsalladdresseslistedinbothcategoriesandwaitsonesecondforresponses.
ThecifsprefdccommandallowscontrolovertheorderinwhichDataONTAPattemptstocontactaserver.
ThelistisconsultedforallWindowsserviceconnections,notjustdomaincontrollers.
WhenconfiguringCIFSonanNseriesdeviceinaWindows2000or2003domain,anLDAPquerytoActiveDirectorycheckstoensurethatacomputerobjectwiththesamenamedoesnotalreadyexist.
Ifthenamedoesexist,thesetupprocessmakessureitisnotadomaincontroller.
Theseareprecautionarymeasuresthatareusedtoguaranteethatnocomputerobjectnamesareduplicatedinerror.
ConclusionTolocateresourcesonanetwork,amechanismmustexistforfindingtheresourceseasily.
Adirectoryserviceinthiscase,ActiveDirectorykeepstrackofallknownresourcesandrespondstorequestswithalistofcurrentlyavailabledevicesandservices.
Butbeforeyoucanbetrustedtoqueryforresources,youmustbegrantedmembershipinthedomain.
Joiningadomainaccomplishestwotasks.
First,foranNseriesstoragesystem,itgrantstherequiredrightstoqueryActiveDirectoryifitneedstofindotherresources.
Second,itprovidesasinglemanagementinterfacethroughMMCforadministrationofsecurityandusers'accesslevelstotheNseriesstoragesystem.
AbouttheRedpaperauthorAlexOsunaisaProjectLeaderattheInternationalTechnicalSupportOrganizationinTucson,Arizona.
HewritesextensivelyandteachesIBMclassesworldwideaboutallareasofstorage.
BeforejoiningtheITSOhewasaSystemsEngineerwithTivoli.
Hehasbeeninvolvedwithstorageformorethan26yearsandtheI/Tindustryformorethan28years,inservice,planning,earlyshipprograms,AdvancedTechnicalSupport,andSystemsEngineering.
Heholdsmorethan10certificationsfromIBM,Microsoft,andRedHat.
ContributorsPietdeJongeIBMITEducationServicesitsotuc2>cifsprefdcprintPreferredDCorderingperdomain:ITSO:1.
192.
168.
3.
242CopyrightInternationalBusinessMachinesCorporation2005,2006.
Allrightsreserved.
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