shigayw372

yw372:Com  时间:2021-04-11  阅读:()
SHORTCOMMUNICATIONJapanesemenhavelargerareasofvisceraladiposetissuethanCaucasianmeninthesamelevelsofwaistcircumferenceinapopulation-basedstudyTKadowaki1,2,ASekikawa2,KMurata3,HMaegawa4,TTakamiya2,TOkamura1,AEl-Saed2,NMiyamatsu5,DEdmundowicz6,YKita1,KSutton-Tyrrell2,LHKuller2andHUeshima11DepartmentofHealthScience,ShigaUniversityofMedicalScience,Shiga,Japan;2GraduateSchoolofPublicHealth,UniversityofPittsburgh,PA,USA;3DepartmentofRadiology,ShigaUniversityofMedicalScience,Shiga,Japan;4DepartmentofMedicine,ShigaUniversityofMedicalScience,Shiga,Japan;5DepartmentofClinicalNursing,ShigaUniversityofMedicalScience,Shiga,Japanand6UniversityofPittsburghMedicalCenter,PA,USAVisceraladiposetissue(VAT)isanindependentriskfactorformetabolicandcardiovasculardisorders.
TherehasbeennostudythatdemonstrateddifferentabdominalfatdistributionbetweenAsianandCaucasianmen.
AstheJapanesearelessobesebutmoresusceptibletometabolicdisordersthanCaucasians,theymayhavelargerVATthanCaucasiansatsimilarlevelsofobesity.
WecomparedtheabdominalfatdistributionoftheJapanese(n239)andCaucasian-American(n177)menaged40–49yearsingroupsstratifiedbywaistcircumferenceinapopulation-basedsample.
WeobtainedcomputedtomographyimagesanddeterminedareasofVATandsubcutaneousadiposetissue(SAT).
WecalculatedVATtoSATratio(VSR).
TheJapanesemenhadalargerVATandVSRineachstratum,despitesubstantiallylessobesityoverall.
Inmultiethnicstudies,differenceinabdominalfatdistributionshouldbeconsideredinexploringfactorsrelatedtoobesity.
InternationalJournalofObesity(2006)30,1163–1165.
doi:10.
1038/sj.
ijo.
0803248;publishedonline31January2006Keywords:abdominaladiposetissue;visceraladiposetissue;Japanese;CaucasianVisceraladiposetissue(VAT)isanindependentriskfactorforcoronaryheartdisease(CHD),1hypertension,2type-2dia-betes,3andimpairedglucosetolerance(IGT).
4AccumulationofVATisaformofobesityrelatedtoenvironmentalfactorssuchasdietandphysicalinactivity.
5AstheJapanesearelessobesebutmoresusceptibletometabolicdisordersthanCaucasians,5theymayhavelargerVATthanCaucasiansatsimilarlevelsofobesity.
TherehavebeenreportsofracialdifferencesinabdominalfatdistributionbetweenCauca-siansandAfricans,6Hispanics,7andAsians.
8,9PreviousstudieshaveshownthatAsian-AmericanandCaucasianmenhadnosignificantdifferenceinVATamongvolunteerparticipants.
8Likewise,ameta-analysisshowednosignifi-cantdifferenceinVATbetweenJapaneseandCaucasianmen.
9Inthesestudies,VATwascomparedafteradjustingforotherfactorssuchasageandobesity.
TherehasbeennoreportdirectlycomparingVATbetweentheJapaneseandCaucasianmeninapopulation-basedsample.
Therefore,wecomparedtheabdominalfatdistributionoftheJapaneseandCaucasian-Americanmenaged40–49yearsingroupsstratifiedbywaistcircumferenceinapopulation-basedsample.
Werecruited240Americanmenaged40–49years(Caucasians:82%),randomlyselectedfromAlleghenyCounty,Pennsylvania,US,and240Japanesemenaged40–49years,randomlyselectedfromKusatsu,Shiga,Japan.
WeconfinedouranalysestoCaucasianandJapanesemen,becauseAfricanmenhavebeencomparedwithCaucasianselsewhere,6andwehadonlyonemanwhocategorizedhimselfasneitherCaucasiannorAfrican-American.
Inordertocomparetheabdominaladiposetissue(AAT)distributionatsimilarlevelsofwaistcircumference,participantswithextremelylargeorsmallwaistcircumference(beyondthelevelsofmean72(s.
d.
))wereexcludedfromthepresentanalysis.
Afterexcluding44non-Caucasian-Americansand20outliersinwaistcircumference,416(239Japaneseand177Caucasian)menwereexamined.
WaistcircumferenceReceived28February2005;revised21November2005;accepted29December2005;publishedonline31January2006Correspondence:DrTKadowaki,DepartmentofHealthScience,ShigaUniversityofMedicalScience,Seta-tsukinowa-cho,Otsu,Shiga520-2192,Japan.
E-mail:kadowaki@belle.
shiga-med.
ac.
jpInternationalJournalofObesity(2006)30,1163–1165&2006NaturePublishingGroupAllrightsreserved0307-0565/06$30.
00www.
nature.
com/ijowasmeasuredtwiceattheumbilicallevelattheendoftheexhalationphasewhiletheparticipantwasstandingupright,andthemeanofthetwomeasurementswascalculated.
AreasofthewholeAATandVATweredeterminedatthelevelbetweenthefourthandfifthlumbarvertebrae,usingcomputedtomographyimagesobtainedwiththesameapparatusateachsite(GE-ImatronC150).
Areasofsub-cutaneousadiposetissue(SAT)werecalculatedasAATminusVAT,andVATtoSATratio(VSR)wascalculatedasVAT/SAT.
Thetechnicianwasblindedtotherace/ethnicityandotheridentifiableinformationabouttheparticipantsTheintra-classcorrelationcoefficientsatourreadingcenterare0.
99forSATand0.
99forVAT.
Writteninformedconsentwasobtainedfromeachparticipant.
ThestudyprotocolwasreviewedandapprovedbytheInstitutionalReviewBoardsofUniversityofPittsburgh,US,andShigaUniversityofMedicalScience,Japan.
Westratifiedtheparticipantsintoquartilestrata(fromthelowestQ1tothehighestQ4)bywaistcircumference.
Wecomparedthemeansofcontinuousvariablesusingt-tests,andconsideredthedifferencesignificantatP-valueo0.
05intwo-tailedtests.
WeperformedstatisticalanalysesusingaStatisticalPackagefortheSocialSciences(SPSSJapanInc.
version11.
0J,Tokyo,Japan).
Table1showsAAT,SAT,VAT,andVSRineachwaiststratumandoverall.
Pearson'scorrelationcoefficientsbe-tweenwaistcircumferenceandAATwere0.
90fortheCaucasianmenand0.
92fortheJapanesemen.
TheJapanesemenhadasignificantlylargerVSRthantheCaucasianmeninallwaistcircumferencestrata.
TheJapanesemenhadasignificantlylargerVATthantheCaucasianmeninQ2andQ3.
InQ1andQ4,theJapanesemenhadalargerVAT,althoughthisdifferencewasnotstatisticallysignificant.
TheJapanesemenhadalargerVATineachstratum,despiteTable1Waistcircumference,areasofwholeabdominaladiposetissue,subcutaneousadiposetissue,visceraladiposetissue,andratioofvisceraltosubcutaneousadiposetissuemeasuredatbetween4thand5thvertebrae,accordingtoquartilegroupsofwaistcircumferenceandtotalinCaucasian-AmericanandJapanesemenaged40–49yearsCaucasianJapanesePQ1(waistcircumference:67.
95–82.
80cm)n(%ofthetotal)11(6.
2%)93(38.
9%)Age(years)45.
772.
845.
172.
80.
507Abdominaladiposetissue(cm2)111.
3723.
1105.
5736.
00.
476Subcutaneousadiposetissue(cm2)63.
7714.
752.
6719.
80.
040Visceraladiposetissue(cm2)47.
6710.
152.
9719.
10.
164Ratioofvisceraltosubcutaneousadiposetissue0.
7670.
121.
0670.
32o0.
001Q2(waistcircumference:82.
85–88.
85cm)n(%ofthetotal)29(16.
4%)74(31.
0%)Age(years)44.
972.
745.
073.
00.
771Abdominaladiposetissue(cm2)159.
0733.
2166.
7727.
00.
270Subcutaneousadiposetissue(cm2)88.
7723.
081.
8714.
60.
142Visceraladiposetissue(cm2)70.
2717.
584.
8719.
70.
001Ratioofvisceraltosubcutaneousadiposetissue0.
8470.
281.
0670.
290.
001Q3(waistcircumference:88.
90–96.
75cm)n(%ofthetotal)57(32.
2%)49(20.
5%)Age(years)45.
072.
944.
972.
70.
769Abdominaladiposetissue(cm2)201.
5737.
6210.
7723.
10.
125Subcutaneousadiposetissue(cm2)116.
0727.
0109.
0717.
10.
108Visceraladiposetissue(cm2)85.
5724.
5101.
7720.
1o0.
001Ratioofvisceraltosubcutaneousadiposetissue0.
7770.
260.
9670.
25o0.
001Q4(waistcircumference:97.
00–114.
25cm)n(%ofthetotal)80(45.
2%)23(9.
6%)Age(years)45.
173.
045.
372.
70.
757Abdominaladiposetissue(cm2)292.
8750.
4267.
6735.
40.
009Subcutaneousadiposetissue(cm2)175.
0738.
6147.
3732.
10.
001Visceraladiposetissue(cm2)117.
8734.
0120.
3726.
10.
702Ratioofvisceraltosubcutaneousadiposetissue0.
7170.
260.
8670.
290.
026Totaln(%ofthetotal)177(100%)239(100%)Age(years)45.
172.
945.
172.
80.
954Waistcircumference(cm)95.
478.
285.
378.
2o0.
001Abdominaladiposetissue(cm2)230.
2774.
6161.
6761.
4o0.
001Subcutaneousadiposetissue(cm2)134.
9750.
182.
3735.
6o0.
001Visceraladiposetissue(cm2)95.
2735.
679.
3730.
9o0.
001Ratioofvisceraltosubcutaneousadiposetissue0.
7570.
261.
0270.
30o0.
001LargervisceralfatinJapanesethanCaucasianmenTKadowakietal1164InternationalJournalofObesitysignificantlysmallerwaistcircumference,AAT,SAT,andVATthantheCaucasianmenoverall.
Inthewaistcircumferencestratification,ahigherproportionoftheJapanesemenwasinthelowerquartiles(Q1andQ2),whereasahigherproportionoftheCaucasianmenwasinhigherquartiles(Q3andQ4).
Inthisstudy,wedemonstratedthattheJapanesemenhadlargerVATandVSRthantheCaucasianmenineverywaistcircumferencestratum.
Toourknowledge,thisisthefirstreporttocomparethedistributionofabdominaladiposetissuebetweenJapaneseandCaucasianmendirectlyinastandardizedmanner.
ThesefindingsofgreaterVATinJapanesemenmayhelpexplainthegreaterincidenceoftype2diabetesinthispopulationcomparedtoCaucasianmen.
5,10AstheJapanesehavealargerVATevenatlowerlevelsofobesity,itleadstoahigherriskthanCaucasians,becauseVATisanindependentpredictoroftype2diabetes3andIGT.
4Infact,intheDiabetesPreventionProgram,theobesityinclusioncriterionwaslowerforAsians(BMIX22kg/m2)thanotherraces(BMIX24kg/m2),11basedonthenotionthattheJapanesehavehigherriskoftype2diabetesatlowerlevelsofobesity.
10ThereasonwefailedtodemonstratesignificantVATdifferencesinQ1andQ4maybeduetoinsufficientsamplesizescausedbythefactthatwaistcircumferencedistributionwasskewedtooppositedirectionsinthetwogroups,resultinginasmallerproportionofeitherpopulationinthesestrata.
Infact,AATinQ4wassmallerintheJapanesemen,regardlessofwaistcircumferencestratificationandtheexclusionofoutliersinwaistcircumference.
ThisdifferencemaybecausedbytheCaucasianmen'snegativelyskewedwaistcircumferencedistribution.
However,wewereabletodemonstratethatthemeanvaluesofVATwerelargerintheJapanesethanCaucasianmen,andthatVSRwassignifi-cantlylargerintheJapanesethanCaucasianmeninallwaistcircumferencestrata.
Thestrengthsofourstudyare;(1)directcomparisoninastandardizedmanner;(2)randomlysampledparticipantsfromgeneralpopulations;and(3)narrowage-rangeof40–49yearsexemptingusfromageadjustment.
TherewasactuallynosignificantagedifferencebetweentheJapaneseandCaucasianmeninanystrataoroverall.
Theweaknessofourstudyisthelackofwomen.
Parketal.
8reportedlargerproportionofVATinAATinwomen,butnosignificantdifferenceinVATitself.
Theyalsoreportedapositiveinteractionbetweenageandraceinwomen.
Althoughtheyreportednointeractioninmen,asimilarinteractionmayhavebeenobservedinmenifwehadabroaderage-rangeinourstudy.
Inconclusion,JapanesemenhavelargerVATandVSRthanCaucasianmenacrossthesamelevelofwaistcircumference.
Inmultiethnicstudies,differenceinabdominalfatdistribu-tionshouldbeconsideredinexploringfactorsrelatedtoobesity.
AcknowledgementsThisresearchwassupportedbyGrant-in-aidforyoungscientists((B):16790335)andGrant-in-aid((A):13307016)bytheJapaneseMinistryofEducation,Culture,Sports,ScienceandTechnology,andNationalInstituteofHealth(1R01HL68200).
References1FujimotoWY,BergstromRW,BoykoEJ,ChenKW,LeonettiDL,Newell-MorrisLetal.
VisceraladiposityandincidentcoronaryheartdiseaseinJapanese-Americanmen.
The10-yearfollow-upresultsoftheSeattleJapanese-Americancommunitydiabetesstudy.
DiabetCare1999;22:1808–1812.
2HayashiT,BoykoEJ,LeonettiDL,McNeelyMJ,Newell-MorrisL,KahnSEetal.
VisceraladiposityisanindependentpredictorofincidenthypertensioninJapaneseAmericans.
AnnInternMed2004;140:992–1000.
3BoykoEJ,FujimotoWY,LeonettiDL,Newell-MorrisL.
Visceraladiposityandriskoftype2diabetes:aprospectivestudyamongJapaneseAmericans.
DiabetesCare2000;23:465–471.
4HayashiT,BoykoEJ,LeonettiDL,McNeelyMJ,Newell-MorrisL,KahnSEetal.
Visceraladiposityandtheriskofimpairedglucosetolerance:aprospectivestudyamongJapaneseAmericans.
DiabetesCare2003;26:650–655.
5FujimotoWY,BergstromRW,BoykoEJ,ChenKW,KahnSE,LeonettiDLetal.
Preventingdiabetes–applyingpathophysiologi-calandepidemiologicalevidence.
BrJNutr2000;84:S173–S176.
6DespresJP,CouillardC,GagnonJ,BergeronJ,LeonAS,RaoDCetal.
Race,visceraladiposetissue,plasmalipids,andlipoproteinlipaseactivityinmenandwomen:thehealth,riskfactors,exercisetraining,andgenetics(HERITAGE)familystudy.
Arter-iosclerThrombVascBiol2000;20:1932–1938.
7KellerC,ChintapalliK,LancasterJ.
CorrelationofanthropometrywithCTinMexican-Americanwomen.
ResNursHealth1999;22:145–153.
8ParkYW,AllisonDB,HeymsfieldSB,GallagherD.
LargeramountsofvisceraladiposetissueinAsianAmericans.
ObesRes2001;9:381–387.
9TanakaS,HorimaiC,KatsukawaF.
EthnicdifferencesinabdominalvisceralfataccumulationbetweenJapanese,African-Americans,andCaucasians:ameta-analysis.
ActaDiabetol2003;40:S302–S304.
10Newell-MorrisLL,TrederRP,ShumanWP,FujimotoWY.
Fatness,fatdistribution,andglucosetoleranceinsecond-generationJapanese-American(Nisei)men.
AmJClinNutr1989;50:9–18.
11DiabetesPreventionProgramResearchGroup.
Thediabetespreventionprogram.
Designandmethodsforaclinicaltrialinthepreventionoftype2diabetes.
DiabetCare1999;22:623–634.
LargervisceralfatinJapanesethanCaucasianmenTKadowakietal1165InternationalJournalofObesity

Central美国65折优惠,美国达拉斯机房VPS季付赠送双倍内存

Central美国独立日活动正在进行中,旗下美国达拉斯机房VPS 65折优惠,季付赠送双倍内存(需要发工单),Central租用的Hivelocity的机房,只支持信用卡和加密货币付款,不支持paypal,需要美国独服的可以谨慎入手试试。Central怎么样?Central便宜服务器,Central自称成立于2019年,主营美国达拉斯机房Linux vps、Windows vps、专用服务器和托管...

腾讯云2核4GB内存8M带宽 年74元

一般大厂都是通过首年才有可以享受爆款活动,然后吸引我们注册他们商家达到持续续费和购买的目的。一般只有大厂才能有这样的魄力和能力首年亏本,但是对于一般的公司和个人厂家确实难过,这几年确实看到不少的同类商家难以生存。这里我们可以看到有对应的套餐方案。不过这两个套餐都是100%CPU独享的,不是有某云商家限制CPU的。但是轻量服务器有个不好的就是带宽是较大且流量是限制的额,分别是1GB和1.2TB月流量...

福州云服务器 1核 2G 2M 12元/月(买5个月) 萤光云

厦门靠谱云股份有限公司 双十一到了,站长我就给介绍一家折扣力度名列前茅的云厂商——萤光云。1H2G2M的高防50G云服务器,依照他们的规则叠加优惠,可以做到12元/月。更大配置和带宽的价格,也在一般云厂商中脱颖而出,性价比超高。官网:www.lightnode.cn叠加优惠:全区季付55折+满100-50各个配置价格表:地域配置双十一优惠价说明福州(带50G防御)/上海/北京1H2G2M12元/月...

yw372:Com为你推荐
队列route支持ipad湖北省网易yeahmagento既然magento那么强大,为什么还有那么多用zencart的?zencart还有发展的空间吗?mediawikimediawiki的乱码问题phpadmin下载phpmyadmin怎么安装啊?可以直接下载安装吗?还需要下载其他数据库吗?centos6.5centos7和centos6.5的区别"AcerMéxico.Listadeprecios-VigenteapartIrdel1deabrilde2011"企业电子邮局求:什么是企业邮箱?(企业邮箱与普通个人邮箱的区别是什么?)asp.net网页制作如何用DREAMWEAVER ASP.NET 做网页
php空间租用 淘宝抢红包攻略 stablehost 174.127.195.202 创宇云 京东云擎 魔兽世界台湾服务器 云鼎网络 panel1 howfile vip购优惠 hdd 银盘服务 论坛主机 全能空间 广东主机托管 asp空间 葫芦机 windowssever2008 godaddy退款 更多