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LM5039www.
ti.
comSNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013LM5039Half-BridgePWMControllerwithAverageCurrentLimitCheckforSamples:LM50391FEATURESDESCRIPTIONTheLM5039Half-BridgeController/GateDriver2105V/2AHalf-BridgeGateDriverscontainsallofthefeaturesnecessarytoimplementSynchronousRectifierControlOutputswithhalf-bridgetopologypowerconvertersusingvoltageProgrammableDelaysmodecontrolwithlinevoltagefeed-forward.
TheHighVoltage(105V)Start-upRegulatorLM5039isafunctionalvariantoftheLM5035Bhalf-bridgePWMcontroller,featuringaveragecurrentlimitVoltage-modeControlwithLineFeed-Forwardduringanoverloadeventtobalancethecenter-pointandVoltSecondLimitingofthehalf-bridgecapacitordivider.
Thefloatinghigh-ProgrammableAverageCurrentLimitsidegatedriveriscapableofoperatingwithsupplyBalancestheHalf-BridgeCapacitorDividervoltagesupto105V.
Boththehigh-sideandlow-sideVoltageinanOverloadConditiongatedriversarecapableof2Apeak.
Aninternalhighvoltagestartupregulatorisincluded,alongwithProgrammableHiccupModeTimerReducesprogrammablelineundervoltagelockout(UVLO).
ThePowerDissipationDuringaContinuousoscillatorisprogrammedwithasingleresistortoOverloadEventfrequenciesupto2MHz.
TheoscillatorcanalsobeAdjustablePeakCycle-by-CycleOverCurrentsynchronizedtoanexternalclock.
AcurrentsenseProtectioninputprovidespeakcycle-by-cycleandaveragecurrentlimit.
OtherfeaturesincludeadjustablehiccupResistorProgrammed,2MHzCapablemodeoverloadprotection,soft-start,revisionOscillatorreference,andthermalshutdown.
PatentedOscillatorSynchronizationProgrammableLineUnder-VoltageLockoutInternalThermalShutdownProtectionAdjustableSoft-StartDirectOpto-CouplerInterface5VReferenceOutputPACKAGESHTSSOP-20(Thermallyenhanced)WQFN-24(4mmx5mm)1Pleasebeawarethatanimportantnoticeconcerningavailability,standardwarranty,anduseincriticalapplicationsofTexasInstrumentssemiconductorproductsanddisclaimerstheretoappearsattheendofthisdatasheet.
2Alltrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.
PRODUCTIONDATAinformationiscurrentasofpublicationdate.
Copyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedProductsconformtospecificationsperthetermsoftheTexasInstrumentsstandardwarranty.
Productionprocessingdoesnotnecessarilyincludetestingofallparameters.
LM5039SNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013www.
ti.
comSimplifiedApplicationDiagramConnectionDiagramsFigure1.
20-LeadHTSSOPTopView2SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039www.
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comSNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013Figure2.
WQFN-24PackageTopViewPINDESCRIPTIONSHTSSOPWQFNNameDescriptionApplicationInformationPinPin123RAMPModulatorrampsignalAnexternalRCcircuitfromVINsetstherampslope.
ThispinisdischargedattheconclusionofeverycyclebyaninternalFET.
DischargeisinitiatedbyeithertheinternalclockortheVoltSecondclampcomparator.
224UVLOLineUnder-VoltageLockoutAnexternalvoltagedividerfromthepowersourcesetstheshutdownandstandbycomparatorlevels.
WhenUVLOreachesthe0.
4VthresholdtheVCCandREFregulatorsareenabled.
WhenUVLOreachesthe1.
25Vthreshold,theSSpinisreleasedandthedeviceenterstheactivemode.
Hysteresisissetbyaninternalcurrentsourcethatsources23Aintotheexternalresistordivider.
32ACLAverageCurrentLimitAcapacitorconnectedbetweentheACLpinandGNDoperatesasanintegratorintheaveragecurrentlimitcircuitry.
TheACLcapacitorischargedduringcurrentlimitcondition.
AstheACLpinvoltagerises,itterminatesthecyclethroughthePWMcomparatorbypullingdowntheinputofthecomparatorthatisnormallycontrolledthroughtheCOMPpin.
Thismaintainsequalpulse-widthsinboththephasesofthehalf-bridgeandtherebymaintainsbalanceofthehalf-bridgecapacitorvoltages.
43COMPInputtothePulseWidthModulatorAnexternalopto-couplerconnectedtotheCOMPpinsourcescurrentintoaninternalNPNcurrentmirror.
ThePWMdutycycleismaximumwithzeroinputcurrent,while1mAreducesthedutycycletozero.
ThecurrentmirrorimprovesthefrequencyresponsebyreducingtheACvoltageacrosstheopto-couplerdetector.
54RTOscillatorFrequencyControlandNormallyregulatedat2V.
AnexternalresistorconnectedbetweenSyncClockInput.
RTandAGNDsetstheinternaloscillatorfrequency.
TheinternaloscillatorcanbesynchronizedtoanexternalclockwithafrequencyhigherthanthefreerunningfrequencysetbytheRTresistor.
65AGNDAnalogGroundConnectdirectlytoPowerGround.
Copyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedSubmitDocumentationFeedback3ProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039SNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013www.
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comPINDESCRIPTIONS(continued)HTSSOPWQFNNameDescriptionApplicationInformationPinPin76CSCurrentSenseinputforcurrentTheCSpinisdrivenbyasignalrepresentativeoftheprimarylimitcurrent.
Ahigherthreshold(600mV)comparatorisusedtoimplementafastpeakcycle-by-cyclecurrentlimittoprovideinstantprotectiontothepowerconverter.
Alowerthreshold(500mV)comparatorisusedtoimplementasloweraveragecurrentlimitthatmaintainsthebalanceofthehalf-bridgecapacitordividervoltage.
A50nsblankingtimeattheCSpinavoidsfalsetrippingthecurrentlimitcomparatorsduetoleadingedgetransients.
87SSSoft-startInputAninternal110Acurrentsourcechargesanexternalcapacitortosetthesoft-startrate.
Duringacurrentlimitrestartsequence,theinternalcurrentsourceisreducedto1.
2Atoincreasethedelaybeforeretry.
98DLYTimingprogrammingpinfortheLOAnexternalresistortogroundsetsthetimingforthenon-overlapandHOtoSR1andSR2outputs.
timeofHOtoSR1andLOtoSR2.
109RESRestartTimerIfthecurrentlimitisexceededduringanycycle,a22AcurrentissourcedtotheRESpincapacitor.
IftheREScapacitorvoltagereaches2.
5V,thesoft-startcapacitorwillbefullydischargedandthenreleasedwithapull-upcurrentof1.
2A.
AfterthefirstoutputpulseatLO(whenSS>COMPoffset,typically1V),theSSpinchargingcurrentwillrevertto110A.
1111HBBoostvoltagefortheHOdriverAnexternaldiodeisrequiredfromVCCtoHBandanexternalcapacitorisrequiredfromHStoHBtopowertheHOgatedriver.
1212HSSwitchnodeConnectioncommontothetransformerandbothpowerswitches.
ProvidesareturnpathfortheHOgatedriver.
1313HOHighsidegatedriveoutput.
OutputofthehighsidePWMgatedriver.
Capableofsinking2Apeakcurrent.
1414LOLowsidegatedriveoutput.
OutputofthelowsidePWMgatedriver.
Capableofsinking2Apeakcurrent.
1515PGNDPowerGroundConnectdirectlytoAnalogGround.
1616VCCOutputofthehighvoltagestart-upIfanauxiliarywindingraisesthevoltageonthispinabovetheregulator.
TheVCCvoltageisregulationsetpoint,theStart-upRegulatorwillshutdown,thusregulatedto7.
6V.
reducingtheinternalpowerdissipation.
1717SR2Synchronousrectifierdriveroutput.
ControloutputofthesynchronousFETgate.
Capableof0.
5Apeakcurrent.
1818SR1Synchronousrectifierdriveroutput.
ControloutputofthesynchronousFETgate.
Capableof0.
5Apeakcurrent.
1919REFOutputof5VReferenceTypicaloutputcurrentis20mA.
Locallydecoupledwitha0.
1Fcapacitor.
2021VINInputvoltagesourceInputtotheStart-upRegulator.
Operatinginputrangeis13Vto100Vwithtransientcapabilityto105V.
Forpowersourcesoutsideofthisrange,theLM5039canbebiaseddirectlyatVCCbyanexternalregulator.
EPEPEPExposedPad,undersideofNoelectricalcontact.
Connecttosystemgroundplaneforreducedpackagethermalresistance.
1NCNoconnectionNoelectricalcontact.
10NCNoconnectionNoelectricalcontact.
20NCNoconnectionNoelectricalcontact.
22NCNoconnectionNoelectricalcontact.
Thesedeviceshavelimitedbuilt-inESDprotection.
TheleadsshouldbeshortedtogetherorthedeviceplacedinconductivefoamduringstorageorhandlingtopreventelectrostaticdamagetotheMOSgates.
4SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039www.
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comSNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013AbsoluteMaximumRatings(1)(2)VINtoGND-0.
3Vto105VHStoGND-1Vto105VHBtoGND-0.
3Vto118VHBtoHS-0.
3Vto18VVCCtoGND-0.
3Vto16VCS,RT,DLY,SS,toGND-0.
3Vto5.
5VCOMPInputCurrent10mAACLInputCurrent500AAllotherinputstoGND-0.
3Vto7VESDRating(3)HumanBodyModel2kVStorageTemperatureRange-65°Cto150°CJunctionTemperature150°C(1)AbsoluteMaximumRatingsarelimitsbeyondwhichdamagetothedevicemayoccur.
OperatingRatingsareconditionsunderwhichoperationofthedeviceisintendedtobefunctional.
Forensuredspecificationsandtestconditions,seetheElectricalCharacteristics.
(2)IfMilitary/Aerospacespecifieddevicesarerequired,pleasecontacttheTexasInstrumentsSalesOffice/Distributorsforavailabilityandspecifications.
(3)Thehumanbodymodelisa100pFcapacitordischargedthrougha1.
5kresistorintoeachpin.
2kVforallpinsexceptHB,HOandHSwhichareratedat1.
5kV.
OperatingRatings(1)VINVoltage13Vto105VExternalVoltageAppliedtoVCC8Vto15VOperatingJunctionTemperature-40°Cto+125°C(1)AbsoluteMaximumRatingsarelimitsbeyondwhichdamagetothedevicemayoccur.
OperatingRatingsareconditionsunderwhichoperationofthedeviceisintendedtobefunctional.
Forensuredspecificationsandtestconditions,seetheElectricalCharacteristics.
ElectricalCharacteristicsSpecificationswithstandardtypefaceareforTJ=25°C,andthosewithboldfacetypeapplyoverfullOperatingJunctionTemperaturerange.
VVIN=48V,VVCC=10Vexternallyapplied,RRT=20.
0k,RDLY=27.
4k,VUVLO=3Vunlessotherwisestated.
See(1)and(2).
SymbolParameterConditionsMinTypMaxUnitsStartupRegulator(VCCpin)VVCCVCCvoltageIVCC=10mA7.
37.
67.
9VIVCC(LIM)VCCcurrentlimitVVCC=7V5765mAVVCCUVVCCUnder-voltagethreshold(VCCVIN=VCC,ΔVVCCfromtheregulation0.
20.
1Vincreasing)setpointVCCdecreasingVCC–PGND5.
56.
26.
9VIVINStartupregulatorcurrentVIN=90V,UVLO=0V3570ASupplycurrentintoVCCfromexternalOutputs&COMPopen,VVCC=10V,46mAsourceOutputsSwitchingVoltageReferenceRegulator(REFpin)VREFREFVoltageIREF=0mA4.
8555.
15VREFVoltageRegulationIREF=0to10mA2550mVREFCurrentLimitREF=4.
5V1520mAUnder-VoltageLockOutandshutdown(UVLOpin)VUVLOUnder-voltagethreshold1.
2121.
251.
288VIUVLOHysteresiscurrentUVLOpinsourcing192327AUnder-voltageShutdownThresholdUVLOvoltagefalling0.
3V(1)Alllimitsareensured.
AllelectricalcharacteristicshavingroomtemperaturelimitsaretestedduringproductionwithTA=25°C.
Allhotandcoldlimitsarespecifiedbycorrelatingtheelectricalcharacteristicstoprocessandtemperaturevariationsandapplyingstatisticalprocesscontrol.
(2)Typicalspecificationsrepresentthemostlikelyparametricnormat25°CoperationCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedSubmitDocumentationFeedback5ProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039SNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013www.
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comElectricalCharacteristics(continued)SpecificationswithstandardtypefaceareforTJ=25°C,andthosewithboldfacetypeapplyoverfullOperatingJunctionTemperaturerange.
VVIN=48V,VVCC=10Vexternallyapplied,RRT=20.
0k,RDLY=27.
4k,VUVLO=3Vunlessotherwisestated.
See(1)and(2).
SymbolParameterConditionsMinTypMaxUnitsUnder-voltageStandbyEnableUVLOvoltagerising0.
4VThresholdCurrentSenseInput(CSPin)VCS(th1)CurrentLimitThresholdforPeak0.
5700.
60.
630Vcycle-by-cyclelimitingVCS(th2)CurrentLimitThresholdforAverage0.
4750.
50.
525VcurrentlimitingCSdelaytooutput(peakcycle-by-CSfromzeroto1V.
TimeforHOandLOto65nscycleonly)fallto90%ofVCC.
Outputload=0pF.
LeadingedgeblankingtimeatCS50nsCSsinkimpedance(clocked)InternalFETonresistance3665AverageCurrent(ACLPin)IACLPull-downsinkImpedance28SourceCurrentVCS>0.
5257.
39.
311.
3mACurrentLimitRestart(RESPin)VRESRESThreshold2.
42.
52.
6VChargesourcecurrentVRES=1.
5V162228ADischargesinkcurrentVRES=1V81216ASoft-Start(SSPin)ISSChargingcurrentinnormaloperationVSS=080110140AChargingcurrentduringahiccupVSS=00.
61.
21.
8AmoderestartOscillator(RTPin)FSW1Frequency1(atHO,halfoscillatorRRT=25k180200220frequency)FSW2Frequency2(atHO,halfoscillatorRRT=8.
76k430500570kHzfrequency)FFoldbackFoldbackfrequencyincurrentlimitRRT=25k,0.
5700.
52566.
7kHzIACL>35ADClevel2VInputSyncthreshold2.
533.
4VPWMController(CompPin)Delaytooutput110nsVPWM-OSSStoRAMPoffset0.
711.
2VMinimumdutycycleSS=0V0%SmallsignalimpedanceICOMP=400A,COMPcurrenttoPWM6000voltageMainOutputDrivers(HOandLOPins)OutputhighvoltageIOUT=50mA,VHB-VHO,VVCC-VLO0.
50.
25VOutputlowvoltageIOUT=100mA0.
20.
5VRisetimeCLOAD=1nF15nsFalltimeCLOAD=1nF13nsPeaksourcecurrentVHO,LO=0V,VVCC=10V1.
25APeaksinkcurrentVHO,LO=10V,VVCC=10V2AHBThresholdVCCrising3.
8V6SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039www.
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comSNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013ElectricalCharacteristics(continued)SpecificationswithstandardtypefaceareforTJ=25°C,andthosewithboldfacetypeapplyoverfullOperatingJunctionTemperaturerange.
VVIN=48V,VVCC=10Vexternallyapplied,RRT=20.
0k,RDLY=27.
4k,VUVLO=3Vunlessotherwisestated.
See(1)and(2).
SymbolParameterConditionsMinTypMaxUnitsVoltageFeed-Forward(RAMPPin)RAMPcomparatorthresholdCOMPcurrent=02.
02.
22.
4VSynchronousRectifierDrivers(SR1,SR2)OutputhighvoltageIOUT=10mA,VVCC-VSR1,VVCC-VSR20.
250.
1VOutputlowvoltageIOUT=20mA(sink)0.
070.
2VRisetimeCLOAD=1nF40nsFalltimeCLOAD=1nF20nsPeaksourcecurrentVSR=0,VVCC=10V0.
5APeaksinkcurrentVSR=VVCC,VVCC=10V0.
5AT1Deadtime,SR1fallingtoHOrising,RDLY=10k33nsSR2fallingtoLOrisingRDLY=27.
4k6588118nsRDLY=100k300nsT2Deadtime,HOfallingtoSR1rising,RDLY=10k12nsLOfallingtoSR2risingRDLY=27.
4k202942nsRDLY=100k80nsThermalShutdownTSDShutdowntemperature165°CHysteresis20°CThermalResistanceθJAJunctiontoambient,0LFPMAirFlowHTSSOP-20package40°C/WθJCJunctiontoCase(EP)ThermalHTSSOP-20package4°C/WresistanceθJAJunctiontoambient,0LFMAirFlowWQFN-24(4mmx5mm)40°C/WθJCJunctiontoCaseThermalresistanceWQFN-24(4mmx5mm)6°C/WCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedSubmitDocumentationFeedback7ProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039SNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013www.
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comTypicalPerformanceCharacteristicsVVCCandVREFvsVVINVVCCvsIVCCFigure3.
Figure4.
VREFvsIREFOscillatorFrequencyvsRTFigure5.
Figure6.
OscillatorFrequencyvsTemperatureSoft-Start&StopCurrentvsTemperatureFigure7.
Figure8.
8SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039www.
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comSNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013TypicalPerformanceCharacteristics(continued)EffectiveCompInputImpedanceRDLYvsSRDeadtimeFigure9.
Figure10.
SR"T1"ParametervsTemperatureSR"T2"ParametervsTemperatureFigure11.
Figure12.
Copyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedSubmitDocumentationFeedback9ProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039SNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013www.
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comBlockDiagramFigure13.
10SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039www.
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comSNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013FUNCTIONALDESCRIPTIONTheLM5039PWMcontrollercontainsallofthefeaturesnecessarytoimplementhalf-bridgevoltage-modecontrolledpowerconverters.
TheLM5039providestwogatedriveroutputstodirectlydrivetheprimarysidepowerMOSFETsandtwosignalleveloutputstocontrolsecondarysynchronousrectifiersthroughanisolationinterface.
Secondarysidedrivers,suchastheLM5110,aretypicallyusedtoprovidethenecessarygatedrivecurrenttocontrolthesyncMOSFETs.
SynchronousrectificationallowshigherconversionefficiencyandgreaterpowerdensitythanconventionalPNorSchottkyrectifiertechniques.
TheLM5039canbeconfiguredtooperatewithbiasvoltagesrangingfrom8Vto105V.
Additionalfeaturesincludelineunder-voltagelockout,peakcycle-by-cyclecurrentlimit,averagecurrentlimittobalancehalf-bridgecapacitorvoltage,voltagefeed-forwardcompensation,hiccupmodefaultprotectionwithadjustabledelays,soft-start,a2MHzcapableoscillatorwithsynchronizationcapability,precisionreference,thermalshutdown,andprogrammablevoltsecondclamping.
Thesefeaturessimplifythedesignofvoltage-modehalf-bridgeDC-DCpowerconverters.
TheFunctionalBlockDiagramisshowninFigure13.
High-VoltageStart-UpRegulatorTheLM5039containsaninternalhighvoltagestart-upregulatorthatallowstheinputpin(VIN)tobeconnecteddirectlytoanominal48VDCinputvoltage.
Theregulatorinputcanwithstandtransientsupto105V.
TheregulatoroutputatVCC(7.
6V)isinternallycurrentlimitedto65mAtypical.
WhentheUVLOpinpotentialisgreaterthan0.
4V,theVCCregulatorisenabledtochargeanexternalcapacitorconnectedtotheVCCpin.
TheVCCregulatorprovidespowertothevoltagereference(REF)andtheoutputdrivers(LO,SR1andSR2).
WhenthevoltageontheVCCpinexceedstheUVLOthreshold,theinternalvoltagereference(REF)reachesitsregulationsetpointof5VandtheUVLOvoltageisgreaterthan1.
25V,thecontrolleroutputsareenabled.
ThevalueoftheVCCcapacitordependsonthetotalsystemdesign,anditsstart-upcharacteristics.
TherecommendedrangeofvaluesfortheVCCcapacitoris0.
1Fto100F.
TheVCCunder-voltagecomparatorthresholdisloweredto6.
2V(typical)afterVCCreachestheregulationset-point.
IfVCCfallsbelowthisvalue,theoutputsaredisabled,andthesoft-startcapacitorisdischarged.
IfVCCincreasesabove7.
6V,theoutputswillbeenabledandasoft-startsequencewillcommence.
TheinternalpowerdissipationoftheLM5039canbereducedbypoweringVCCfromanexternalsupply.
Intypicalapplications,anauxiliarytransformerwindingisconnectedthroughadiodetotheVCCpin.
ThiswindingmustraisetheVCCvoltageabove8.
3Vtoshutofftheinternalstart-upregulator.
PoweringVCCfromanauxiliarywindingimprovesefficiencywhilereducingthecontroller'spowerdissipation.
Theunder-voltagecomparatorcircuitwillstillfunctioninthismode,requiringthatVCCneverfallsbelow6.
2Vduringthestart-upsequence.
Duringafaultmode,whentheconverterauxiliarywindingisinactive,externalcurrentdrawnontheVCClineshouldbelimitedsuchthatthepowerdissipatedinthestart-upregulatordoesnotexceedthemaximumpowerdissipationoftheICpackage.
AnexternalDCbiasvoltagecanbeusedinsteadoftheinternalregulatorbyconnectingtheexternalbiasvoltagetoboththeVCCandtheVINpins.
Theexternalbiasmustbegreaterthan8.
3VtoexceedtheVCCUVLOthresholdandlessthantheVCCmaximumoperatingvoltagerating(15V).
LineUnder-VoltageDetectorTheLM5039containsaduallevelUnder-VoltageLockout(UVLO)circuit.
WhentheUVLOpinvoltageisbelow0.
4V,thecontrollerisinalowcurrentshutdownmode.
WhentheUVLOpinvoltageisgreaterthan0.
4Vbutlessthan1.
25V,thecontrollerisinstandbymode.
InstandbymodetheVCCandREFbiasregulatorsareactivewhilethecontrolleroutputsaredisabled.
WhentheVCCandREFoutputsexceedtheVCCandREFunder-voltagethresholdsandtheUVLOpinvoltageisgreaterthan1.
25V,theoutputsareenabledandnormaloperationbegins.
Anexternalset-pointvoltagedividerfromVINtoGNDcanbeusedtosettheminimumoperatingvoltageoftheconverter.
ThedividermustbedesignedsuchthatthevoltageattheUVLOpinwillbegreaterthan1.
25VwhenVINentersthedesiredoperatingrange.
UVLOhysteresisisaccomplishedwithaninternal23Acurrentsourcethatisswitchedonoroffintotheimpedanceoftheset-pointdivider.
WhentheUVLOthresholdisexceeded,thecurrentsourceisactivatedtoquicklyraisethevoltageattheUVLOpin.
WhentheUVLOpinvoltagefallsbelowthe1.
25Vthreshold,thecurrentsourceisdeactivated.
Thehysteresisofthe0.
4Vshutdowncomparatorisinternallyfixedat100mV.
Copyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedSubmitDocumentationFeedback11ProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039SNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013www.
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comTheUVLOpincanalsobeusedtoimplementvariousremoteenable/disablefunctions.
SeetheSoft-Startsectionformoredetails.
ReferenceTheREFpinistheoutputofa5Vlinearregulatorthatcanbeusedtobiasanopto-couplertransistorandexternalhousekeepingcircuits.
Theregulatoroutputisinternallycurrentlimitedto20mA(typical).
CurrentLimitTheLM5039utilizestwohigh-speedcomparatorstoimplementacurrentlimitinginanoverloadcondition:Ahigherthreshold(600mV)comparatorisusedtoimplementafastpeakcycle-by-cyclecurrentlimittoprovideinstantaneousprotectiontothepowerconverterandalowerthreshold(500mV)comparatorisusedtoimplementasloweraveragecurrentlimitthatbalancesthehalf-bridgecapacitordividervoltage.
Duringanoverloadevent,averagecurrentlimitschemeallowsthepowerconvertertoactasaconstantcurrentsourcewiththedutycyclemaintainedsuchthattheaverageoutputcurrentis:(1)Thisschemeisoftenknownas"brickwall"currentlimitingorconstantcurrentlimitinganditsresponseissamewhethertheloadisasoft-shortorahard-short.
Typically,inanoverloadcondition,thePWMcycleisterminatedbythepeakcycle-by-cyclecomparatorinsteadofthePWMcomparator.
Thisissimilartopeakcurrentmodecontrol,whichinherentlyresultsinanon-timeimbalancebetweenthetwophasesofahalf-bridgetopology.
Anysuchimbalance,foranextendedperiodoftime,willcausethevoltageatthecenterpointofthecapacitordividertodrifteithertowardstheinputvoltageorground.
However,inanaveragecurrentlimitscheme,thePWMcycleisterminatedthroughthePWMcomparator,bypullingdownthePWMcontrolinput.
Becauseofitsaveragingnature,thePWMcontrolvoltageisessentiallyheldataconstantdcvoltage.
Therefore,theon-timeofsuccessivePWMcyclesareequal,thusmaintainingbalanceofthecenter-pointofthecapacitordivider.
Figure14.
PeakCycle-by-CycleandAverageCurrentLimitCircuitryTheCSpinisdrivenbyasignalrepresentativeoftheprimarycurrent.
Duringacontinuousoverloadevent,the500mVcomparatorsourcespulsesofcurrentintotheaveragecurrentlimitpin(ACL).
AcapacitorconnectedtotheACLpinsmoothsandaveragesthepulses.
WhentheACLcapacitorischargedtoapproximately2V,itstartspullingdownthePWMcomparatorinputviathecurrentmirrorshowninFigure14.
Astheoverloadeventpersists,theACLtakescontrolofthedutycyclethroughthePWMcomparator,insteadofpeakcycle-by-cyclecontrol.
TheaveragecurrentlimitingcanbedisabledbyshortingtheACLpintoGND.
12SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039www.
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comSNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013AsmallR-CfilterconnecttotheCSpinandlocatednearthecontrollerisrecommendedtosuppressnoise.
Aninternal36MOSFETconnectedtotheCSinputdischargestheexternalcurrentsensefiltercapacitorattheconclusionofeverycycle.
ThedischargeMOSFETremainsonforanadditional50nsaftertheHOorLOdriverswitcheshightoblankleadingedgetransientsinthecurrentsensingcircuit.
DischargingtheCSpinfiltereachcycleandblankingleadingedgespikesreducesthefilteringrequirementsandimprovesthecurrentsenseresponsetime.
FrequencyFoldbackIdeally,apowerconverterwillhavethecharacteristicsofaconstantcurrentsourcewhileoperatingincurrentlimit.
Inreality,thecurrentlimitleveltendstoincreaseastheoutputvoltagedecreases.
Inahard-shortcondition,avoidinganincreaseoftheaverageoutputcurrentrequiresextremelylowdutycycles.
However,theminimumachievableon-timeislimitedduetopropagationandturn-offdelays.
Inafixedfrequencyconverter,thepeakoutputinductorcurrentcreepsupduringtheminimumon-timeanddoesnothaveenoughoff-timetocomebackdown.
Therefore,theaverageoutputcurrentincreases.
ThepropagationdelayoftheLM5039hasbeenoptimizedtoabout50nsandtheturn-offtimemainlydependsonthetotalgatechargeoftheexternalpowerFET.
Toavoidtheoutputcurrenttailwhenthepowerconverterisinaveragecurrentlimit,theLM5039oscillatorfrequencyisproportionallydecreased.
Inahard-shortcondition,theoscillatorfrequencyisreducedto1/3rdtheoscillatorfrequencysetbytheRTresistor.
Thefrequencyfoldbackisimplementedonlyintheaveragecurrentlimitcondition.
anditdoesnotaffecttheacresponseofthecontrolloop.
OverloadProtectionTimerTheLM5039providesacurrentlimitrestarttimertodisabletheoutputsandforceadelayedrestart(hiccupmode)ifacurrentlimitconditionisrepeatedlysensed.
ThenumberofcurrentlimiteventsrequiredtotriggertherestartisprogrammablebytheexternalcapacitorattheRESpin.
DuringeachPWMcycle,theLM5039eithersourcesorsinkscurrentfromtheRESpincapacitor.
Ifnocurrentlimitisdetectedduringacycle,an12AdischargecurrentsinkisenabledtopulltheRESpintoground.
Ifacurrentlimitisdetected,the12Asinkcurrentisdisabledanda22AcurrentsourcecausesthevoltageattheRESpintograduallyincrease.
TheLM5039protectstheconverterwithpeakcycle-by-cycleandaveragecurrentlimitingwhilethevoltageatRESpinincreases.
IftheRESvoltagereachesthe2.
5Vthreshold,thefollowingrestartsequenceoccurs:TheRES,ACLandSScapacitorsarefullydischargedThesoft-startcurrentsourceisreducedfrom110Ato1.
2ATheSScapacitorvoltageslowlyincreases.
WhentheSSvoltagereaches1V,thePWMcomparatorwillproducethefirstnarrowoutputpulse.
Afterthefirstpulseoccurs,theSSsourcecurrentrevertstothenormal110Alevel.
TheSSvoltageincreasesatitsnormalrate,graduallyincreasingthedutycycleoftheoutputdriversIftheoverloadconditionpersistsafterrestart,peakcycle-by-cycleandaveragecurrentlimitingwillbegintoincreasethevoltageontheREScapacitoragain,repeatingthehiccupmodesequenceIftheoverloadconditionnolongerexistsafterrestart,theRESpinwillbeheldatgroundbythe12Acurrentsinkandnormaloperationresumes.
RestarttimerisinitiatedasthesignalatCSpincrosses500mVandworksthesameifthecontrollerisinaveragecurrentlimitmodeorpurepeakcycle-by-cyclecurrentlimiting.
Theoverloadtimerfunctionisveryversatileandcanbeconfiguredforthefollowingmodesofprotection:1.
ContinuousCurrentlimitonly:Thehiccupmodecanbecompletelydisabledbyconnectingazeroto50kresistorfromtheRESpintoAGND.
Inthisconfiguration,thepeakcycle-by-cycle/averagecurrent-limitprotectionwilllimittheoutputcurrentindefinitelyandnohiccupsequenceswilloccur.
2.
Hiccuponly:ThetimercanbeconfiguredforimmediateactivationofahiccupsequenceupondetectionofanoverloadbyleavingtheRESpinopencircuit.
3.
DelayedHiccup:ConnectingacapacitortotheRESpinprovidesaprogrammedintervalofpeakcycle-by-cycleandaveragecurrentlimitingbeforeinitiatingahiccupmoderestart,aspreviouslydescribed.
Thedualadvantagesofthisconfigurationarethatashorttermoverloadwillnotcauseahiccupmoderestartbutduringextendedoverloadconditions,theaveragedissipationofthepowerconverterwillbeverylow.
4.
ExternallyControlledHiccup:TheRESpincanalsobeusedasaninput.
Byexternallydrivingthepintoalevelgreaterthanthe2.
5Vhiccupthreshold,thecontrollerwillbeforcedintothedelayedrestartsequence.
Forexample,theexternaltriggerforadelayedrestartsequencecouldcomefromanover-temperatureprotectioncircuitoranoutputover-voltagesensor.
Copyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedSubmitDocumentationFeedback13ProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039SNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013www.
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comFigure15.
CurrentLimitRestartTimingFigure16.
OptocouplertoCOMPInterfaceSoft-StartThesoft-startcircuitallowstheregulatortograduallyreachasteadystateoperatingpoint,therebyreducingstart-upstressesandcurrentsurges.
WhenbiasissuppliedtotheLM5039,theSSpincapacitorisdischargedbyaninternalMOSFET.
WhentheUVLO,VCCandREFpinsreachtheiroperatingthresholds,theSScapacitorisreleasedandchargedwitha110Acurrentsource.
ThePWMcomparatorcontrolvoltageisclampedtotheSSpinvoltagebyaninternalamplifier.
WhenthePWMcomparatorinputreaches1V,outputpulsescommencewithslowlyincreasingdutycycle.
ThevoltageattheSSpineventuallyincreasesto5V,whilethevoltageatthePWMcomparatorincreasestothevaluerequiredforregulationasdeterminedbythevoltagefeedbackloop.
OnemethodtoshutdowntheregulatoristogroundtheSSpin.
ThisforcestheinternalPWMcontrolsignaltoground,reducingtheoutputdutycyclequicklytozero.
ReleasingtheSSpinbeginsasoft-startcycleandnormaloperationresumes.
AsecondshutdownmethodisdiscussedintheUVLOsection.
PWMComparatorThepulsewidthmodulation(PWM)comparatorcomparesthevoltagerampsignalattheRAMPpintothelooperrorsignal.
Thiscomparatorisoptimizedforspeedinordertoachieveminimumcontrollabledutycycles.
ThelooperrorsignalisreceivedfromtheexternalfeedbackandisolationcircuitisintheformofacontrolcurrentintotheCOMPpin.
TheCOMPpincurrentisinternallymirroredbyamatchedpairofNPNtransistorswhichsinkcurrentthrougha5kresistorconnectedtothe5Vreference.
Theresultingcontrolvoltagepassesthrougha1VlevelshiftbeforebeingappliedtothePWMcomparator.
14SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039www.
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comSNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013Anopto-couplerdetectorcanbeconnectedbetweentheREFpinandtheCOMPpin.
BecausetheCOMPpiniscontrolledbyacurrentinput,thepotentialdifferenceacrosstheoptocouplerdetectorisnearlyconstant.
Thebandwidthlimitingphasedelaywhichisnormallyintroducedbythesignificantcapacitanceoftheopto-coupleristherebygreatlyreduced.
Higherloopbandwidthscanberealizedsincethebandwidth-limitingpoleassociatedwiththeopto-couplerisnowatamuchhigherfrequency.
ThePWMcomparatorpolarityisconfiguredsuchthatwithnocurrentintotheCOMPpin,thecontrollerproducesthemaximumdutycycleatthemaingatedriveroutputs,HOandLO.
Feed-ForwardRampandVoltSecondClampAnexternalresistor(RFF)andcapacitor(CFF)connectedtoVIN,AGND,andtheRAMPpinarerequiredtocreatethePWMrampsignal.
TheslopeofthesignalatRAMPwillvaryinproportiontotheinputlinevoltage.
Thisvaryingslopeprovideslinefeed-forwardinformationnecessarytoimprovelinetransientresponsewithvoltagemodecontrol.
TheRAMPsignaliscomparedtotheerrorsignalbythepulsewidthmodulatorcomparatortocontrolthedutycycleoftheHOandLOoutputs.
Withaconstanterrorsignal,theon-time(TON)variesinverselywiththeinputvoltage(VIN)tostabilizetheVoltSecondproductofthetransformerprimarysignal.
Thepowerpathgainofconventionalvoltage-modepulsewidthmodulators(oscillatorgeneratedramp)variesdirectlywithinputvoltage.
Theuseofalinegeneratedramp(inputvoltagefeed-forward)nearlyeliminatesthisgainvariation.
Asaresult,thefeedbackloopisonlyrequiredtomakeverysmallcorrectionsforlargechangesininputvoltage.
InadditiontothePWMcomparator,aVoltSecondClampcomparatoralsomonitorstheRAMPpin.
Iftherampamplitudeexceedsthe2.
2VthresholdoftheVoltSecondClampcomparator,theon-timeisterminated.
TheCFFrampcapacitorisdischargedbyaninternal32dischargeMOSFETcontrolledbytheVSClampcomparator.
IftheRAMPsignaldoesnotexceed2.
2Vbeforetheendoftheclockperiod,thentheinternalclockwillenablethedischargeMOSFETtoresetcapacitorCFF.
ByproperselectionofRFFandCFFvalues,themaximumon-timeofHOandLOcanbesettothedesiredduration.
Theon-timesetbytheVoltSecondClampvariesinverselytothelinevoltagebecausetheRAMPcapacitorischargedbyaresistor(RFF)connectedtoVINwhilethethresholdoftheclampisafixedvoltage(2.
2V).
AnexamplewillillustratetheuseoftheVoltSecondClampcomparatortoachievea50%dutycyclelimitat200kHzwitha48Vlineinput.
A50%dutycycleata200kHzrequiresa2.
5son-time.
Toachievethismaximumon-timeclamplevel:(2)TherecommendedcapacitorvaluerangeforCFFis100pFto1000pF.
470pFisastandardvaluethatcanbepairedwithan124ktoapproximatethedesired58.
6stimeconstant.
Ifloadtransientresponseisslowedbythe10%margin,theRFFvaluecanbeincreased.
Thesystemsignal-to-noisewillbeslightlydecreasedbyincreasingRFFxCFF.
Oscillator,SyncCapabilityTheLM5039oscillatorfrequencyissetbyasingleexternalresistorconnectedbetweentheRTandAGNDpins.
Tosetadesiredoscillatorfrequency,thenecessaryRTresistoriscalculatedfrom:(3)Forexample,ifthedesiredoscillatorfrequencyis400kHz(HOandLOeachswitchingat200kHz)a24.
9kresistorwouldbetheneareststandardonepercentvalue.
Eachoutput(HO,LO,SR1andSR2)switchesathalftheoscillatorfrequency.
ThevoltageattheRTpinisinternallyregulatedtoanominal2V.
TheRTresistorshouldbelocatedascloseaspossibletotheIC,andconnecteddirectlytothepins(RTandAGND).
Thetoleranceoftheexternalresistor,andthefrequencytoleranceindicatedintheElectricalCharacteristics,mustbetakenintoaccountwhendeterminingtheworstcasefrequencyrange.
Copyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedSubmitDocumentationFeedback15ProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039SNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013www.
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comTheLM5039canbesynchronizedtoanexternalclockbyapplyinganarrowpulsetotheRTpin.
Theexternalclockmustbeatleast10%higherthanthefree-runningoscillatorfrequencysetbytheRTresistor.
IftheexternalclockfrequencyislessthantheRTresistorprogrammedfrequency,theLM5039willignorethesynchronizingpulses.
ThesynchronizationpulsewidthattheRTpinmustrangebetween15nsto150ns.
TheclocksignalshouldbecoupledintotheRTpinthrougha100pFcapacitor.
Whenthesynchronizingpulsetransitionslow-to-high(risingedge),thevoltageattheRTpinmustbedriventoexceed3.
2Vvoltsfromitsnominal2VDClevel.
Duringtheclocksignal'slowtime,thevoltageattheRTpinwillbeclampedat2VDCbyaninternalregulator.
TheoutputimpedanceoftheRTregulatorisapproximately100.
TheRTresistorisalwaysrequired,whethertheoscillatorisfreerunningorexternallysynchronized.
GateDriverOutputs(HO&LO)TheLM5039providestwoalternatinggatedriveroutputs,thefloatinghighsidegatedriverHOandthegroundreferencedlowsidedriverLO.
Eachdriveriscapableofsourcing1.
25Aandsinking2Apeak.
TheHOandLOoutputsoperateinanalternatingmanner,atone-halftheinternaloscillatorfrequency.
TheLOdriverispowereddirectlybytheVCCregulator.
TheHOgatedriverispoweredfromabootstrapcapacitorconnectedbetweenHBandHS.
AnexternaldiodeconnectedbetweenVCC(anodepin)andHB(cathodepin)providesthehighsidegatedriverpowerbychargingthebootstrapcapacitorfromVCCwhentheswitchnode(HSpin)islow.
WhenthehighsideMOSFETisturnedon,HBrisestoapeakvoltageequaltoVVCC+VHSwhereVHSistheswitchnodevoltage.
TheHBandVCCcapacitorsshouldbeplacedclosetothepinsoftheLM5039tominimizevoltagetransientsduetoparasiticinductancessincethepeakcurrentsourcedtotheMOSFETgatescanexceed1.
25A.
TherecommendedvalueoftheHBcapacitoris0.
01Forgreater.
AlowESR/ESLcapacitor,suchasasurfacemountceramic,shouldbeusedtopreventvoltagedroopduringtheHOtransitions.
Themaximumdutycycleforeachoutputisequaltoorslightlylessthan50%duetoaprogrammedsyncrectifierdelay.
TheprogrammedsyncrectifierdelayisdeterminedbytheDLYpinresistor.
IftheCOMPpinisopencircuit,theoutputswilloperateatmaximumdutycycle.
Themaximumdutycycleforeachoutputcanbecalculatedwiththefollowingequation:whereTSistheperiodofonecompletecycleforeithertheHOorLOoutputsT1istheprogrammedsyncrectifierdelay(4)Forexample,iftheoscillatorfrequencyis200kHz,eachoutputwillcycleat100kHz(TS=10s).
Usingnoprogrammeddelay,themaximumdutycycleatthisfrequencyiscalculatedtobe50%.
Usingaprogrammedsyncrectifierdelayof100ns,themaximumdutycycleisreducedto49%.
BecausethereisnofixeddeadtimeinLM5039,itisrecommendedthatthedelaypinresistorbenotlessthan10k.
Internaldelays,whicharenotspecified,aretheonlyprotectionagainstcrossconductioniftheprogrammeddelayiszero,orverysmall.
16SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039www.
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comSNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013Figure17.
HO,LO,SR1andSR2TimingDiagramSynchronousRectifierControlOutputs(SR1&SR2)Synchronousrectification(SR)ofthetransformersecondaryprovideshigherefficiency,especiallyforlowoutputvoltageconverters.
Thereductionofrectifierforwardvoltagedrop(0.
5V-1.
5V)to10mV-200mVVDSvoltageforaMOSFETsignificantlyreducesrectificationlosses.
Inatypicalapplication,thetransformersecondarywindingiscentertapped,withtheoutputpowerinductorinserieswiththecentertap.
TheSRMOSFETsprovidethegroundpathfortheenergizedsecondarywindingandtheinductorcurrent.
Figure17showsthattheSR2MOSFETisconductingwhileHOenablespowertransferfromtheprimary.
TheSR1MOSFETmustbedisabledduringthisperiodsincethesecondarywindingconnectedtotheSR1MOSFETdrainistwicethevoltageofthecentertap.
AttheconclusionoftheHOpulse,theinductorcurrentcontinuestoflowthroughtheSR1MOSFETbodydiode.
SincethebodydiodecausesmorelossthantheSRMOSFET,efficiencycanbeimprovedbyminimizingtheT2periodwhilemaintainingsufficienttimingmarginoverallconditions(componenttolerances,etc.
)topreventshoot-throughcurrent.
WhenLOenablespowertransferfromtheprimary,theSR1MOSFETisenabledandtheSR2MOSFETisoff.
DuringthetimethatneitherHOnorLOisactive,theinductorcurrentissharedbetweenboththeSR1andSR2MOSFETswhicheffectivelyshortsthetransformersecondaryandcancelstheinductanceinthewindings.
TheSR2MOSFETisdisabledbeforeLOdeliverspowertothesecondarytopreventpowerbeingshuntedtoground.
TheSR2MOSFETbodydiodecontinuestocarryabouthalftheinductorcurrentuntiltheprimarypowerraisestheSR2MOSFETdrainvoltageandreversebiasesthebodydiode.
Ideally,deadtimeT1wouldbesettotheminimumtimethatallowstheSRMOSFETtoturnoffbeforetheSRMOSFETbodydiodestartsconducting.
TheSR1andSR2outputsarepowereddirectlybytheVCCregulator.
Eachoutputiscapableofsourcingandsinking0.
5Apeak.
Typically,theSR1andSR2signalscontrolSRMOSFETgatedriversthroughapulsetransformer.
Theactualgatesourcingandsinkingcurrentsareprovidedbythesecondary-sidebiassupplyandgatedrivers.
ThetimingofSR1andSR2withrespecttoHOandLOisshowninFigure17.
SR1isconfiguredoutofphasewithHOandSR2isconfiguredoutofphasewithLO.
ThedeadtimebetweentransitionsisprogrammablebyaresistorconnectedfromtheDLYpintotheAGNDpin.
Typically,RDLYissetintherangeof10kto100k.
Thedeadtimeperiodscanbecalculatedusingthefollowingformulae:T1=.
003xRDLY+4.
6ns(5)T2=.
0007xRDLY+10.
01ns(6)WhenUVLOfallsbelow1.
25V,orduringhiccupcurrentlimit,bothSR1andSR2areheldlow.
Duringnormaloperationifsoft-startisheldlow,bothSR1andSR2willbehigh.
Copyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedSubmitDocumentationFeedback17ProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039SNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013www.
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comThermalProtectionInternalThermalShutdowncircuitryisprovidedtoprotecttheintegratedcircuitintheeventthemaximumratedjunctiontemperatureisexceeded.
Whenactivated,typicallyat165°C,thecontrollerisforcedintoalowpowerstandbystatewiththeoutputdrivers(HO,LO,SR1andSR2),thebiasregulators(VCCandREF)disabled.
Thishelpstopreventcatastrophicfailuresfromaccidentaldeviceoverheating.
Duringthermalshutdown,thesoft-startcapacitorisfullydischargedandthecontrollerfollowsanormalstart-upsequenceafterthejunctiontemperaturefallstotheoperatinglevel(145°C).
APPLICATIONSINFORMATIONThefollowinginformationisintendedtoprovideguidelinesforthepowersupplydesignerusingtheLM5039.
VINThevoltageappliedtotheVINpin,whichmaybethesameasthesystemvoltageappliedtothepowertransformer'sprimary(VPWR),canvaryintherangeof13to105V.
ThecurrentintoVINdependsprimarilyonthegatechargeprovidedtotheoutputdrivers,theswitchingfrequency,andanyexternalloadsontheVCCandREFpins.
ItisrecommendedthatthefiltershowninFigure18beusedtosuppresstransientswhichmayoccurattheinputsupply.
ThisisparticularlyimportantwhenVINisoperatedclosetothemaximumoperatingratingoftheLM5039.
WhenpowerisappliedtoVINandtheUVLOpinvoltageisgreaterthan0.
4V,theVCCregulatorisenabledandsuppliescurrentintoanexternalcapacitorconnectedtotheVCCpin.
WhenthevoltageontheVCCpinreachestheregulationpointof7.
6V,thevoltagereference(REF)isenabled.
Thereferenceregulationsetpointis5V.
TheHO,LO,SR1andSR2outputsareenabledwhenthetwobiasregulatorsreachtheirsetpointandtheUVLOpinpotentialisgreaterthan1.
25V.
Intypicalapplications,anauxiliarytransformerwindingisconnectedthroughadiodetotheVCCpin.
ThiswindingmustraisetheVCCvoltageabove8.
3Vtoshutofftheinternalstart-upregulator.
AftertheoutputsareenabledandtheexternalVCCsupplyvoltagehasbegunsupplyingpowertotheIC,thecurrentintoVINdropsbelow1mA.
VINshouldremainatavoltageequaltoorabovetheVCCvoltagetoavoidreversecurrentthroughprotectiondiodes.
Figure18.
InputTransientProtectionForApplications>100VForapplicationswherethesysteminputvoltageexceeds100VortheICpowerdissipationisofconcern,theLM5039canbepoweredfromanexternalstart-upregulatorasshowninFigure19.
Inthisconfiguration,theVINandtheVCCpinsshouldbeconnectedtogether,whichallowstheLM5039tobeoperatedbelow13V.
ThevoltageattheVCCpinmustbegreaterthan8.
3Vyetnotexceed15V.
Anauxiliarywindingcanbeusedtoreducethepowerdissipationintheexternalregulatoroncethepowerconverterisactive.
TheNPNbase-emitterreversebreakdownvoltage,whichcanbeaslowas5Vforsometransistors,shouldbeconsideredwhenselectingthetransistor.
18SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039www.
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comSNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013CurrentSenseTheCSpinneedstoreceiveaninputsignalrepresentativeofthetransformer'sprimarycurrent,eitherfromacurrentsensetransformerorfromaresistorinserieswiththesourceoftheLOswitch,asshowninFigure20andFigure21.
Inbothcases,thesensedcurrentcreatesarampingvoltageacrossR1,andtheRF/CFfiltersuppressesnoiseandtransients.
R1,RFandCFshouldbelocatedasclosetotheLM5039aspossible,andthegroundconnectionfromthecurrentsensetransformer,orR1,shouldbeadedicatedtracktotheAGNDpin.
Thecurrentsensecomponentsmustprovidegreaterthan0.
6V(typ)attheCSpinwhenanover-currentconditionexists.
Figure19.
Start-upRegulatorforVPWR>100VFigure20.
CurrentSenseUsingCurrentSenseTransformerFigure21.
CurrentSenseUsingCurrentSenseResistor(R1)Copyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedSubmitDocumentationFeedback19ProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039SNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013www.
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comIfthecurrentsenseresistormethodisused,theover-currentconditionwillonlybesensedwhileLOisdrivingthelow-sideMOSFET.
Over-currentwhileHOisdrivingthehigh-sideMOSFETwillnotbedetected.
Inthisconfiguration,itwilltake4timesaslongtoinitiatearestarteventsinceeachover-currenteventduringLOenablesthe22ARESpincurrentsourceforoneoscillatorperiod,andthenthelackofanover-currenteventduringHOenablesthe12ARESpincurrentsinkforoneoscillatorperiod.
ThevalueoftheREScapacitorcanbereducedtodecreasethetimebeforerestartcycleisinitiated.
Whenusingtheresistorcurrentsensemethod,animbalanceintheinputcapacitorvoltagesmaydevelopwhenoperatinginpeakcycle-by-cyclecurrentlimitingmode.
Iftheimbalancepersistsforanextendedperiod,excessivecurrentsinthenon-sensedMOSFET,andpossibletransformersaturationmayresult.
Thisconditionisinherenttothehalf-bridgetopologyoperatedwithpeakcycle-by-cyclecurrentlimitingandiscompoundedbyonlysensinginonelegofthehalf-bridgecircuit.
Theimbalanceisgreatestatlargedutycycles(lowinputvoltages).
Itisrecommendedtoactivateaveragecurrentlimitcircuitryinsuchaconfiguration.
However,sinceonlyalternativecyclessourcecurrentintotheACLcapacitor,ACLcapacitorneedstobehalved.
Thiscouldstillleadtoaslightimbalancedependingupontheinput/outputvoltagelevelsandtheimpedancemismatchbetweenthetwophasesofthehalf-bridgeduetotheadditionalCSresistorinthebottomhalf.
HO,HB,HSandLOAttentionmustbegiventothePCboardlayoutforthelow-sidedriverandthefloatinghigh-sidedriverpinsHO,HBandHS.
AlowESR/ESLcapacitor(suchasaceramicsurfacemountcapacitor)shouldbeconnectedclosetotheLM5039,betweenHBandHStoprovidehighpeakcurrentsduringturn-onofthehigh-sideMOSFET.
ThecapacitorshouldbelargeenoughtosupplytheMOSFETgatecharge(Qg)withoutdischargingtothepointwherethedropingatevoltageaffectstheMOSFETRDS(ON).
AvaluetentotwentytimesQgisrecommended.
(7)Thediode(DBOOST)thatchargesCBOOSTfromVCCwhenthelow-sideMOSFETisconductingshouldbecapableofwithstandingthefullconverterinputvoltagerange.
Whenthehigh-sideMOSFETisconducting,thereversevoltageatthediodeisapproximatelythesameastheMOSFETdrainvoltagebecausethehigh-sidedriverisboosteduptotheconverterinputvoltagebytheHSpin,andthehighsideMOSFETgateisdriventotheHSvoltageplusVCC.
SincetheanodeofDBOOSTisconnectedtoVCC,thereversepotentialacrossthediodeisequaltotheinputvoltageminustheVCCvoltage.
DBOOSTaveragecurrentislessthan20mAinmostapplications,soalowcurrentultra-fastrecoverydiodeisrecommendedtolimitthelossduetodiodejunctioncapacitance.
Schottkydiodesarealsoaviableoption,particularlyforlowerinputvoltageapplications,butattentionmustbepaidtoleakagecurrentsathightemperatures.
Theinternalgatedriversneedaverylowimpedancepathtotherespectivedecouplingcapacitors;theVCCcapfortheLOdriverandCBOOSTfortheHOdriver.
Theseconnectionsshouldbeasshortaspossibletoreduceinductanceandaswideaspossibletoreduceresistance.
Thelooparea,definedbythegateconnectionanditsrespectivereturnpath,shouldbeminimized.
Thehigh-sidegatedrivercanalsobeusedwithHSconnectedtoPGNDforapplicationsotherthanahalfbridgeconverter(e.
g.
Push-Pull).
TheHBpinisthenconnectedtoVCC,oranysupplygreaterthanthehigh-sidedriverundervoltagelockout(approximately6.
5V).
Inaddition,thehigh-sidedrivercanbeconfiguredforhighvoltageofflineapplicationswherethehigh-sideMOSFETgateisdrivenviaagatedrivetransformer.
ProgrammableDelay(DLY)TheRDLYresistorprogramsthedelaysbetweentheSR1andSR2signalsandtheHOandLOdriveroutputs.
Figure17showstherelationshipbetweentheseoutputs.
TheDLYpinisnominallysetat2.
5VandthecurrentissensedthroughRDLYtoground.
ThiscurrentisusedtoadjusttheamountofdeadtimebeforetheHOandLOpulse(T1)andaftertheHOandLOpulse(T2).
TypicallyRDLYisintherangeof10kto100k.
Thedeadtimeperiodscanbecalculatedusingthefollowingformulae:T1=.
003xRDLY+4.
6ns(8)T2=.
0007xRDLY+10.
01ns(9)Itisrecommendedthatthedelayresistorbenotlessthan10K.
Iftheprogrammeddelayiszero,itcaneithershortthesecondary,orpotentiallyresultincross-conductionintheprimary,orboth.
ShouldanSRMOSFETremainonwhiletheopposingprimaryMOSFETissupplyingpowerthroughthepowertransformer,thesecondarywindingwillexperienceamomentaryshortcircuit,causingasignificantpowerlosstooccur.
20SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039www.
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comSNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013WhenchoosingtheRDLYvalue,worstcasepropagationdelaysandcomponenttolerancesshouldbeconsideredtoassurethatthereisneveratimewherebothSRMOSFETsareenabledANDoneoftheprimarysideMOSFETsisenabled.
ThetimeperiodT1shouldbesetsothattheSRMOSFEThasturnedoffbeforetheprimaryMOSFETisenabled.
Conversely,T1andT2shouldbekeptaslowastolerancesallowtooptimizeefficiency.
TheSRbodydiodeconductsduringthetimebetweentheSRMOSFETturnsoffandthepowertransformerbeginssupplyingenergy.
PowerlossesincreasewhenthishappenssincethebodydiodevoltagedropismanytimeshigherthantheMOSFETchannelvoltagedrop.
Theintervalofbodydiodeconductioncanbeobservedwithanoscilloscopeasanegative0.
7Vto1.
5VpulseattheSRMOSFETdrain.
UVLODividerSelectionAdedicatedcomparatorconnectedtotheUVLOpinisusedtodetectunder-voltagecondition.
WhentheUVLOpinvoltageisbelow0.
4V,thecontrollerisinalowcurrentshutdownmode.
ForaUVLOpinvoltagegreaterthan0.
4Vbutlessthan1.
25Vthecontrollerisinstandbymode.
OncetheUVLOpinvoltageisgreaterthan1.
25V,thecontrollerisfullyenabled.
WhentheUVLOpinvoltagerisesabove1.
25Vthreshold,aninternal23Acurrentsourceisactivatedthusprovidingthresholdhysteresis.
The23AcurrentsourceisdeactivatedwhenthevoltageattheUVLOpinfallsbelow1.
25V.
ResistancevaluesforR1andR2canbedeterminedfromthefollowingequations:whereVPWRisthedesiredturn-onvoltageVHYSisthedesiredUVLOhysteresisatVPWR(10)Forexample,iftheLM5039istobeenabledwhenVPWRreaches33V,anddisabledwhenVPWRisdecreasedto30V,R1shouldbe130k,andR2shouldbe5.
11k.
ThevoltageattheUVLOpinshouldnotexceed7Vatanytime.
Besuretocheckboththepowerandvoltagerating(0603resistorscanberatedaslowas50V)fortheselectedR1resistor.
Tomaintainthethreshold'saccuracy,aresistortoleranceof1%orbetterisrecommended.
Remoteconfigurationofthecontroller'soperationalmodescanbeaccomplishedwithopendraindevice(s)connectedtotheUVLOpinasshowninFigure22.
Figure22.
BasicUVLOConfigurationCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedSubmitDocumentationFeedback21ProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039SNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013www.
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comFigure23.
RemoteDisableandControlAverageCurrentLimitTheaveragecurrentcontrolcircuitryisactivatedbyconnectinganappropriatecapacitorfromtheACLpintoAGND.
Inanoverloadcondition,thecurrentsourcedbytheACLcapacitorpullsdowntheinputofthePWMcomparatorwhichisnormallycontrolledthroughtheCOMPpintoterminatethePWMcycle.
OncetheACLpinvoltagereaches1V,thePWMcycleiscontrolledbytheaveragecurrentlimiter.
TheACLcapacitorshouldbeselectedforminimalripple.
RippleontheACLcapacitorwillresultinarippleatthecenter-pointofthecapacitordivider.
ItshouldbenotedthatalargervalueoftheACLcapacitorcanslowdownthetimeittakesfortheaveragecurrentlimitcircuitrytotakecontrolandcouldpossiblyresultinthecenter-pointofthehalf-bridgecapacitordividerdriftingduringcycle-by-cyclelimiting.
Themagnitudeofthedriftofthecenter-pointofthehalf-bridgecapacitoroncetheconverterhitsthecurrentlimitdependsuponthevalueofthehalf-bridgecapacitors,theprimarycurrent,andthepulsewidth.
FortheLM5039evaluationboard,ACLcapacitorvaluesrangingfrom0.
047uFto0.
47uFbalancedthehalf-bridgecenterpointinbothsoft-shortandhard-shortconditions.
WhenconfiguringtheLM5039withhiccupmoderestart,theACLandREScapacitorsshouldbeconfiguredsuchthatthetimerequiredfortheRESpintoreach2.
5Visgreaterthanthetimerequiredforaveragecurrentlimitcircuitrytotakecontrol.
HiccupModeCurrentLimitRestart(RES)Thebasicoperationofthehiccupmodecurrentlimitrestartisdescribedinthefunctionaldescription.
ThedelaytimetorestartisprogrammedwiththeselectionoftheRESpincapacitorCRESasillustratedinFigure24.
Inthecaseofcontinuouspeakcycle-by-cycleaveragecurrentlimitdetectionattheCSpin,thetimerequiredforCREStoreachthe2.
5Vhiccupmodethresholdis:(11)Forexample,ifCRES=0.
01Fthetimet1isapproximately1.
14ms.
Thecooldowntime,t2issetbythesoft-startcapacitor(CSS)andtheinternal1ASScurrentsource,andisequalto:(12)IfCSS=0.
01Ft2is10ms.
Thesoft-starttimet3issetbytheinternal110Acurrentsource,andisequalto:(13)IfCSS=0.
01Ft3is363s.
22SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039www.
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comSNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013Thetimet2providesaperiodiccool-downtimeforthepowerconverterintheeventofasustainedoverloadorshortcircuit.
Thisofftimeresultsinloweraverageinputcurrentandlowerpowerdissipationwithinthepowercomponents.
Itisrecommendedthattheratiooft2/(t1+t3)beintherangeof5to10totakeadvantageofthisfeature.
Iftheapplicationrequiresnodelayfromthefirstdetectionofacurrentlimitconditiontotheonsetofthehiccupmode(t1=0),theRESpincanbeleftopen(noexternalcapacitor).
Ifitisdesiredtodisablethehiccupmodeentirely,theRESpinshouldbeconnectedtoground(AGND).
Figure24.
HiccupOver-LoadRestartTimingPrintedCircuitBoardLayoutTheLM5039CurrentSenseandPWMcomparatorsareveryfast,andrespondtoshortdurationnoisepulses.
ThecomponentsattheCS,COMP,SS,ACL,UVLO,DLYandtheRTpinsshouldbeasphysicallycloseaspossibletotheIC,therebyminimizingnoisepickuponthePCboardtracks.
Layoutconsiderationsarecriticalforthecurrentsensefilter.
Ifacurrentsensetransformerisused,bothleadsofthetransformersecondaryshouldberoutedtothesensefiltercomponentsandtotheICpins.
ThegroundsideofthetransformershouldbeconnectedviaadedicatedPCboardtracktotheAGNDpin,ratherthanthroughthegroundplane.
Ifthecurrentsensecircuitemploysasenseresistorinthedrivetransistorsource,lowinductanceresistorsshouldbeused.
Inthiscase,allthenoisesensitive,low-currentgroundtracksshouldbeconnectedincommonneartheIC,andthenasingleconnectionmadetothepowerground(senseresistorgroundpoint).
ThegatedriveoutputsoftheLM5039shouldhaveshort,directpathstothepowerMOSFETsinordertominimizeinductanceinthePCboardtraces.
TheSRcontroloutputsshouldalsohaveminimumroutingdistancethroughthepulsetransformersandthroughthesecondarygatedriverstothesyncFETs.
Thetwogroundpins(AGND,PGND)mustbeconnectedtogetherwithashort,directconnection,toavoidjitterduetorelativegroundbounce.
IftheinternaldissipationoftheLM5039produceshighjunctiontemperaturesduringnormaloperation,theuseofmultipleviasundertheICtoagroundplanecanhelpconductheatawayfromtheIC.
JudiciouspositioningofthePCboardwithintheendproduct,alongwithuseofanyavailableairflow(forcedornaturalconvection)willhelpreducethejunctiontemperatures.
Ifusingforcedaircooling,avoidplacingtheLM5039intheairflowshadowoftallcomponents,suchasinputcapacitors.
ApplicationCircuitExampleThefollowingschematicshowsanexampleofa100Whalf-bridgepowerconvertercontrolledbytheLM5039.
Theoperatinginputvoltagerange(VPWR)is36Vto75V,andtheoutputvoltageis3.
3V.
Theoutputcurrentcapabilityis30Amps.
CurrentsensetransformerT2providesinformationtotheCSpinforcurrentlimitprotection.
Theerroramplifierandreference,U3andU5respectively,providevoltagefeedbackviaopto-couplerU4.
SynchronousrectifiersQ4,Q5,Q6andQ7minimizerectificationlossesinthesecondary.
AnauxiliaryCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedSubmitDocumentationFeedback23ProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039SNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013www.
ti.
comwindingontransformerT1providespowertotheLM5039VCCpinwhentheoutputisinregulation.
TheinputvoltageUVLOthresholdsare34VforincreasingVPWR,and32VfordecreasingVPWR.
ThecircuitcanbeshutdownbydrivingtheON/OFFinput(J2)below1.
25Vwithanopen-collectororopen-draincircuit.
Anexternalsynchronizingfrequencycanbeappliedthrougha100pFcapacitortotheRTinput(U1pin5).
Theregulatoroutputiscurrentlimitedat34A.
24SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039www.
ti.
comSNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013Figure25.
EvaluationBoardSchematicCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedSubmitDocumentationFeedback25ProductFolderLinks:LM5039LM5039SNVS621D–FEBRUARY2010–REVISEDMARCH2013www.
ti.
comREVISIONHISTORYChangesfromRevisionC(March2013)toRevisionDPageChangedlayoutofNationalDataSheettoTIformat2526SubmitDocumentationFeedbackCopyright2010–2013,TexasInstrumentsIncorporatedProductFolderLinks:LM5039PACKAGEOPTIONADDENDUMwww.
ti.
com6-Feb-2020Addendum-Page1PACKAGINGINFORMATIONOrderableDeviceStatus(1)PackageTypePackageDrawingPinsPackageQtyEcoPlan(2)Lead/BallFinish(6)MSLPeakTemp(3)OpTemp(°C)DeviceMarking(4/5)SamplesLM5039MH/NOPBACTIVEHTSSOPPWP2073Green(RoHS&noSb/Br)SNLevel-1-260C-UNLIM-40to125LM5039MHLM5039MHX/NOPBACTIVEHTSSOPPWP202500Green(RoHS&noSb/Br)SNLevel-1-260C-UNLIM-40to125LM5039MHLM5039SQ/NOPBACTIVEWQFNNHZ241000Green(RoHS&noSb/Br)SNLevel-1-260C-UNLIM-40to125L5039LM5039SQX/NOPBACTIVEWQFNNHZ244500Green(RoHS&noSb/Br)SNLevel-1-260C-UNLIM-40to125L5039(1)Themarketingstatusvaluesaredefinedasfollows:ACTIVE:Productdevicerecommendedfornewdesigns.
LIFEBUY:TIhasannouncedthatthedevicewillbediscontinued,andalifetime-buyperiodisineffect.
NRND:Notrecommendedfornewdesigns.
Deviceisinproductiontosupportexistingcustomers,butTIdoesnotrecommendusingthispartinanewdesign.
PREVIEW:Devicehasbeenannouncedbutisnotinproduction.
Samplesmayormaynotbeavailable.
OBSOLETE:TIhasdiscontinuedtheproductionofthedevice.
(2)RoHS:TIdefines"RoHS"tomeansemiconductorproductsthatarecompliantwiththecurrentEURoHSrequirementsforall10RoHSsubstances,includingtherequirementthatRoHSsubstancedonotexceed0.
1%byweightinhomogeneousmaterials.
Wheredesignedtobesolderedathightemperatures,"RoHS"productsaresuitableforuseinspecifiedlead-freeprocesses.
TImayreferencethesetypesofproductsas"Pb-Free".
RoHSExempt:TIdefines"RoHSExempt"tomeanproductsthatcontainleadbutarecompliantwithEURoHSpursuanttoaspecificEURoHSexemption.
Green:TIdefines"Green"tomeanthecontentofChlorine(Cl)andBromine(Br)basedflameretardantsmeetJS709Blowhalogenrequirementsof<=1000ppmthreshold.
Antimonytrioxidebasedflameretardantsmustalsomeetthe<=1000ppmthresholdrequirement.
(3)MSL,PeakTemp.
-TheMoistureSensitivityLevelratingaccordingtotheJEDECindustrystandardclassifications,andpeaksoldertemperature.
(4)Theremaybeadditionalmarking,whichrelatestothelogo,thelottracecodeinformation,ortheenvironmentalcategoryonthedevice.
(5)MultipleDeviceMarkingswillbeinsideparentheses.
OnlyoneDeviceMarkingcontainedinparenthesesandseparatedbya"~"willappearonadevice.
IfalineisindentedthenitisacontinuationofthepreviouslineandthetwocombinedrepresenttheentireDeviceMarkingforthatdevice.
(6)Lead/BallFinish-OrderableDevicesmayhavemultiplematerialfinishoptions.
Finishoptionsareseparatedbyaverticalruledline.
Lead/BallFinishvaluesmaywraptotwolinesifthefinishvalueexceedsthemaximumcolumnwidth.
ImportantInformationandDisclaimer:TheinformationprovidedonthispagerepresentsTI'sknowledgeandbeliefasofthedatethatitisprovided.
TIbasesitsknowledgeandbeliefoninformationprovidedbythirdparties,andmakesnorepresentationorwarrantyastotheaccuracyofsuchinformation.
Effortsareunderwaytobetterintegrateinformationfromthirdparties.
TIhastakenandPACKAGEOPTIONADDENDUMwww.
ti.
com6-Feb-2020Addendum-Page2continuestotakereasonablestepstoproviderepresentativeandaccurateinformationbutmaynothaveconducteddestructivetestingorchemicalanalysisonincomingmaterialsandchemicals.
TIandTIsuppliersconsidercertaininformationtobeproprietary,andthusCASnumbersandotherlimitedinformationmaynotbeavailableforrelease.
InnoeventshallTI'sliabilityarisingoutofsuchinformationexceedthetotalpurchasepriceoftheTIpart(s)atissueinthisdocumentsoldbyTItoCustomeronanannualbasis.
TAPEANDREELINFORMATION*AlldimensionsarenominalDevicePackageTypePackageDrawingPinsSPQReelDiameter(mm)ReelWidthW1(mm)A0(mm)B0(mm)K0(mm)P1(mm)W(mm)Pin1QuadrantLM5039MHX/NOPBHTSSOPPWP202500330.
016.
46.
957.
11.
68.
016.
0Q1LM5039SQ/NOPBWQFNNHZ241000178.
012.
44.
35.
31.
38.
012.
0Q1LM5039SQX/NOPBWQFNNHZ244500330.
012.
44.
35.
31.
38.
012.
0Q1PACKAGEMATERIALSINFORMATIONwww.
ti.
com15-Jul-2018PackMaterials-Page1*AlldimensionsarenominalDevicePackageTypePackageDrawingPinsSPQLength(mm)Width(mm)Height(mm)LM5039MHX/NOPBHTSSOPPWP202500367.
0367.
035.
0LM5039SQ/NOPBWQFNNHZ241000210.
0185.
035.
0LM5039SQX/NOPBWQFNNHZ244500367.
0367.
035.
0PACKAGEMATERIALSINFORMATIONwww.
ti.
com15-Jul-2018PackMaterials-Page2MECHANICALDATANHZ0024Bwww.
ti.
comSQA24B(RevA)MECHANICALDATAPWP0020Awww.
ti.
comMXA20A(RevC)IMPORTANTNOTICEANDDISCLAIMERTIPROVIDESTECHNICALANDRELIABILITYDATA(INCLUDINGDATASHEETS),DESIGNRESOURCES(INCLUDINGREFERENCEDESIGNS),APPLICATIONOROTHERDESIGNADVICE,WEBTOOLS,SAFETYINFORMATION,ANDOTHERRESOURCES"ASIS"ANDWITHALLFAULTS,ANDDISCLAIMSALLWARRANTIES,EXPRESSANDIMPLIED,INCLUDINGWITHOUTLIMITATIONANYIMPLIEDWARRANTIESOFMERCHANTABILITY,FITNESSFORAPARTICULARPURPOSEORNON-INFRINGEMENTOFTHIRDPARTYINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTS.
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Youaresolelyresponsiblefor(1)selectingtheappropriateTIproductsforyourapplication,(2)designing,validatingandtestingyourapplication,and(3)ensuringyourapplicationmeetsapplicablestandards,andanyothersafety,security,orotherrequirements.
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