G.
Salvendy,M.
J.
Smith(Eds.
):HumanInterface,PartII,HCII2011,LNCS6772,pp.
305–314,2011.
Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011DodgingWindowInterferencetoFreelyShareAnyOff-the-ShelfApplicationamongMultipleUsersinCo-locatedCollaborationShinichiroSakamoto,MakotoNakashima,andTetsuroItoDepartmentofComputerScienceandIntelligentSystems,OitaUniversity700Dannoharu,Oita-shi,Oita-ken,870-1192,Japan{v0753035,nakasima,ito}@oita-u.
ac.
jpAbstract.
Amethodofdodgingwindowinterferenceisdescribedforallowingmultipleuserstofreelyshareanyoff-the-shelfsingle-userapplicationinco-locatedcollaborationutilizingashareddevice.
Thismethodisindispensablefortransparentlyrealizingapplicationsharinginlighteffortwithacentralizedarchitecturebyusingasurrogatewindowwhichisamimicoftheoriginalapplication'swindow.
Althoughtheoriginalapplicationshouldprocessanyeventonthesurrogatewindow,windowinterferencecouldbecausedbyoverlappingthelocationofaneventwiththesurrogatewindowandthentheeventcannotbeprocessed.
Toavoidwindowinterferenceweformulatethemethodbasedonquadrant-basedwindowpositioning,inwhichtheoriginalapplication'swindowisdynamicallyrepositionedfordisplayingonlyonequadrantofthiswindowinonecornerofthescreenarea.
Theavailabilityoftheproposedmethodwascertifiedandtheusabilitywasclarifiedinco-locatedcollaborationinauniversitylaboratory.
Keywords:Dodgingwindowinterference,windowpositioning,collaboration,applicationsharing,CSCW,centralizedarchitecture,screen-sharingsystem.
1IntroductionManywaysofsharinganyoff-the-shelfsingle-userapplicationamongmultipleusersarewelldocumentedforcomputer-supportedcooperativework(CSCW).
Acentralizedarchitectureisemployedinmostavailablescreen-sharingsystems(e.
g.
,[5]and[7]).
Theapplicationsharingisachievedbycentralizinganoriginaloff-the-shelfsingle-userapplication(an'originalapplication'inshort)andeventoccurrencesontoonePC,andbycopyingthewindowimageoftheoriginalapplicationoneachuser'sPC.
Thisarchitecturecantransparentlyrealizeapplicationsharingindistributedcollaborationwithnospecificeffort,i.
e.
,withoutchangingthesourcecodeoftheoriginalapplicationforreplicatingit.
However,theutilizationofthisarchitectureinco-locatedcollaboration,wheremultipleusersgatheraroundashareddevice,e.
g.
,atabletopdisplay,hasnotbeenstudiedindepth.
Acentralizedarchitecturehasthebenefitofsupportingco-locatedcollaborationbyallowingeachusertoutilizetheoriginalapplicationviaitssurrogatewindowin306S.
Sakamoto,M.
Nakashima,andT.
Itohis/herpreferredlocationandorientation[1].
Here,eachofthesurrogatewindowsworksasamimicoftheoriginalapplication'swindow(an'originalwindow'inshort)whiledisplayingitscopiedwindowimage.
Eachuserinitiatesanyevent,suchasclickingamousebutton,draggingamouse,pressingakey,etc.
,onhis/herownsurrogatewindow,notontheoriginalwindow.
Theoriginalwindowshould,however,beonthetopofotherwindowsinordertoreceiveeveryeventonitssurrogatewindow.
Theeventsonthesurrogatewindowaretheninterferedwithbytheoriginaltopwindow.
Inordertofreelysharetheoriginalapplicationamongmultipleuserswithoutcausingsuchinterference,itiscrucialthattheoriginalwindowisrepositionedtoanappropriateplaceonthescreenareaaccordingtothelocationoftheevent.
Weproposeanovelmethodofdodgingwindowinterferencetofreelyshareanyoff-the-shelfsingle-userapplicationamongmultipleusersinco-locatedcollaboration.
Thismethoddynamicallyrepositionstheoriginalwindowsothatthiswindowdodgestheinterferencewithitssurrogatewindows,allowingtheoriginalapplicationtoreceivetheeventsonthesurrogatewindowsatanygiventime.
Toachievethis,themethodrealizesquadrant-basedwindowrepositioningwhichdrawsonlyonequadrantoftheoriginalwindowamongfourquadrantsincludingthecorrespondinglocationoftheeventontheoriginalwindowastheircommonorigin.
Sincetheoriginalwindowhasasquareshape,itenablesustoprovethatatleastonequadrantexiststherebyavoidingwindowinterferenceeveniftheeventoccursatanylocationonanysurrogatewindowwhenthesizeoftheoriginalwindowissmallerthanthatofthescreenarea.
Itisalsopossibletominimizetheeffortrequiredtorepositiontheoriginalwindowcausedbythelatereventswhenthedisplayedquadrantisfarawayfromtheeventlocationonthescreenareatoavoidwindowinterference.
Therestofthispaperisorganizedasfollows:Theproblemsofpreviousapplication-sharingsystemsinco-locatedcollaborationarediscussedinSection2.
Therequirementsandthequadrant-basedwindowrepositioningoftheproposedmethodaredescribedinSection3.
WeestimatedtheavailabilityofourmethodinSection4andclarifiedtheusabilityofthemethodinco-locatedcollaborativeworkinSection5,whereweimplementedourmethodintoanapplication-sharingsystem,CollaboTray[1]employingacentralizedarchitecture.
2ApplicationSharinginCollaborationThissectiondescribespreviousscreen-sharingsystemsandanadvancedapplication-sharingsystembasedonacentralizedarchitecture.
Wealsodiscusstheproblemstheyhaveinco-locatedcollaboration.
2.
1Application-SharingSystemsForapplicationsharing,screen-sharingsystemshavebeenusedinpracticeforalmosttwentyyears,e.
g.
,PCAnyWhere[7],NX[4],andVNC[5].
Amongthemtheopen-sourcescreen-sharingsystemVNCisutilizedinmanysystemsforapplicationsharing(e.
g.
[2],[8],and[9]).
Thosesystemscanallowtheuserstoshareanyoff-the-shelfapplicationviaitsoriginalwindowandsurrogatewindowswithoutsharingthewholescreenononePC.
AVNC-basedtoolkitforwindowmanagingonX-windowsystem,DodgingWindowInterferencetoFreelyShareAnyOff-the-ShelfApplication307Ametista[6],allowsausertorotatethewindowimageastheusersneedinco-locatedcollaboration[3].
ThoseVNCsystems,however,haveaproblemthattheusersofthesurrogatewindowsarenotabletoinitiateanyeventastheuseroftheoriginalwindowisoperatingtheoriginalapplication.
Anapplication-sharingsystem,CollaboTray[1],candealwiththeaboveproblembymakingeachoftheusersutilizethesurrogatewindowwhileitsoriginalwindowismadeinvisibletodisallowuseofitbyanyuser.
ACollaboTraycentralizesanoriginalapplicationononlyonePCanddecouplesthedrawingofthesurrogatewindowofanorignalwindowfromtheprocessingofanyeventonthesurrogatewindow.
AnyoriginalCollaboTray,whichisloadedwithanoriginalapplication,canyielditscloneCollaboTrayseachofwhichmanagesinherentlythesamesurrogatewindowastheoriginalCollaboTray.
TheCollaboTrayusestheoriginalwindowinadifferentwayfromthepreviousscreen-sharingsystemsandhasadvantageofallowingtheuserstosharetheoriginalapplicationinanyorientationandtime.
Figure1illustratesthebasicapproachofrealizingapplicationsharinginco-locatedcollaborationwithacentralizedarchitecture,whereanoriginalwindowanditstwosurrogatewindowsAandBexist.
InutilizationofVNC,ifownershipoftheoriginalwindowisdisallowedbyanyuserlikeCollaboTrays,theuserscaninitiateanyeventbytakingturnsamongthemselveswhenutilizingtheoriginalapplicationviatheirsurrogatewindows.
However,acommonproblemarisesinapplicationsharingbyVNCandCollaboTrayswhentheoriginalwindowoverlapswithitssurrogatewindowsasshowninthefigure.
Eveniftheoriginalwindowisinvisible,theoriginalwindowneedstobeontopofthesurrogatewindowstoreceiveanyeventonthem.
Theproblemisthatthesurrogatewindowownedbyausershouldalsobeontopoftheoriginalwindowtoallowhim/hertooperatetheoriginalapplication.
Thiscontradictioncauseswindowinterferencebetweentheoriginalwindowanditssurrogatewindow.
Notethateachofthesurrogatewindowsdonotinterferewitheachothersinceneitherisrequiredtobeontopoftheothersurrogatewindowwhenitsuserinitiatesanyevent.
ThecorrespondinglocationoftheeventSurrogatewindowAScreenareaSurrogatewindowBThelocationofaneventOriginalwindowFig.
1.
Applicationsharinginco-locatedcollaboration2.
2WindowInterferenceinCo-locatedCollaborationThetwocasesofwindowinterferenceareillustratedinFig.
1.
Inthefigure,thelocationofeacheventonthesurrogatewindowsisrepresentedbyafilledcircularor308S.
Sakamoto,M.
Nakashima,andT.
Itotriangularshapedmark.
Theunfilledonescorrespondtothelocationoftheeventontheoriginalwindow.
ForsurrogatewindowA,theareaincludingthecorrespondinglocationoftheeventontheoriginalwindowisoverlappedwiththissurrogatewindow.
WhentheuserinitiatestheeventonthesurrogatewindowA,theoriginalwindowisinterferedwithbysurrogatewindowAastheuserisinitiatinganeventonthesurrogate,theoriginalwindowisunabletogetonthetop,andthustheeventcannotbesenttotheoriginalapplication.
Conversely,forthesurrogatewindowB,theareathatincludesthelocationoftheeventonthissurrogatewindowisoverlappedwiththeoriginalwindow.
Whentheeventissenttotheoriginalapplication,theoriginalwindowgetsontopofsurrogatewindowBandthustheuserofsurrogatewindowBcannotinitiatehis/hernextevent.
Inadditiontotheabove,thereisanotherconcernaboutthefeatureofthemousemoving.
IfauserusesastandardUSBmouse,thelocationofthemousecursoronthescreenareaisupdatedevery8msec.
Foranyevent,thelocationofthenexteventmayjumptotheplaceontheoriginalwindowcausingthekindofinterferenceseeninsurrogatewindowBinFig.
1.
Thiscanoccureveniftheoriginalwindowisplacedwhereitcanavoidwindowinterference.
3DodgingWindowInterferenceThissectiondescribesthemethodofdodgingwindowinterferencebyusingquadrant-basedwindowrepositioning.
Wefirstspecifytherequirementstoavoidwindowinterferenceandthenformulatethemethodtomeettheserequirements.
3.
1RequirementsTherearetworequirementstoavoidthewindowinterferencementionedinSection2.
2:(a)toavoidthephysicaloverlappingbetweentheoriginalwindowanditssurrogatewindowtoalloweachothertogetontopifneeded,and(b)toavoidwindowinterferencebyanyfastmovementofthemousecursor.
Theformerleadsthefollowingconditionstobesatisfied:Ca1:Thecorrespondinglocationoftheeventontheoriginalwindowisoutsideitssurrogatewindowonwhichtheeventoccurs.
Ca2:Thelocationoftheeventonasurrogatewindowisoutsideitsoriginalwindow.
Thelatterrequirementispossiblyavoidedbysatisfyingthefollowingcondition:Cb:Theoriginalwindowstaysasfarawayfromthelocationofaneventonitssurrogatewindowaspossible.
ConditionsCa1andCa2leadustounderstandthatonlythesmallestpossibleareaoftheoriginalwindowhastobedisplayed,whichincludesthecorrespondinglocationoftheevent.
ForconditionCb,sincethescreenareahasasquareshape,oneofthefourcornersofthescreenareaisthefurthestfromthelocationofanyevent.
Giventhesefacts,wedeviseawayofquadrant-basedwindowrepositioning,whichselectsaquadrantoftheoriginalwindowwiththecorrespondinglocationoftheeventasitsDodgingWindowInterferencetoFreelyShareAnyOff-the-ShelfApplication309origin,anddisplaythisquadrantonthecornerofthescreenarea,thussatisfyingtheaboveconditions.
3.
2Quadrant-BasedWindowPositioningFig.
2showsanexampleofdodgingwindowinterferenceforthecaseofsurrogatewindowAinFigure1,inwhichtheoriginalwindowisrepositionedtothetoprightcornerofthescreenarea.
Onlythethirdquadrant,i.
e.
,Q3,oftheoriginalwindowisselectedtobedisplayedwithlowopacityonthescreenarea,wherefourquadrantsincludingthecorrespondinglocationoftheeventastheircommonoriginexist.
Wheneachofthetwoquadrants,Q2andQ4,isselected,theoriginalwindowcanberepositionedtothebottomrightandthetopleftcorners,respectively,asshowninthedashedsquareinthefigure.
Theoriginalwindowis,however,thefurthestfromthelocationoftheeventwhenQ3isselected.
SelectingQ3satisfiesCa1,Ca2,andCb.
IfQ1isselected,theoriginalwindowisrepositionedtothebottomleftcornerofthescreenareabutconditionCa2isnotsatisfied.
OriginalwindowSurrogatewindowAScreenareaOriginalwindowOriginalwindowSLSRSBSTOriginalwindowQ1Q4WLWRWBWTQ2Q3Fig.
2.
DodgingwindowinterferenceWeherecallaquadrantQi(i=1,2,3,4)oftheoriginalwindowanavailablequadrantif,QicanbedisplayedsoastosatisfyconditionsCa1andCa2bypositioningitsoriginonthecornerofthescreenareaintheoppositedirectionofQi.
Theoverallprocessofdodgingwindowinterferencebetweentheoriginalanditssurrogatewindowissummarizedasfollows:Step1:Dividetheoriginalwindowintofourquadrantswiththecorrespondinglocationoftheeventastheircommonorigin.
Step2:Findallavailablequadrantsfromthosefourquadrants.
Step3:SelectonequadrantQifromamongtheabovequadrants,whichsatisfiesconditionCb.
Step4:RepositiontheoriginalwindowsoastoonlydisplayQionthescreenarea.
Iftheaboveprocesscanfindanavailablequadrant,wecansaythattheoriginalwindowcanavoidwindowinterferencewithitssurrogatewindow.
Althoughthe310S.
Sakamoto,M.
Nakashima,andT.
Itoavailablequadrantcanbeoverlappedwiththesurrogatewindowinstep4,theutilizationofthesurrogatewindowdosenotinterferewiththequadrantbymakingitinvisible.
Letusprovetherobustnessoftheaboveprocessinfindingavailablequadrants.
AsshowninFig.
2,letWL,WR,WTandWBdenotethedistanceofthecorrespondinglocationoftheeventontheoriginalwindowfromtheleft,right,topandbottomedgesofthewindow,respectively.
AlsoletSL,SR,STandSBdenotethedistanceofthelocationoftheeventonthesurrogatewindowfromtheleft,right,topandbottomedgesofthescreenarea,respectively.
Supposethatboththesizeoftheoriginalandsurrogatewindowsaresmallerthanthescreenareainwidthandinheight,i.
e.
,WL+WRpcanywhere.
shtml8.
Tee,K.
,Greenberg,S.
,Gutwin,C.
:Artifactawarenessthroughscreensharingfordistributedgroups.
InternationalJournalofHuman-ComputerStudies67,677–702(2009)9.
UltraVNC,http://www.
uvnc.
com:8080/
这不端午节和大家一样回家休息几天,也没有照顾网站的更新。今天又出去忙一天没有时间更新,这里简单搜集看看是不是有一些商家促销活动,因为我看到电商平台各种推送活动今天又开始一波,所以说现在的各种促销让人真的很累。比如在前面我们也有看到PacificRack 商家发布过年中活动,这不在端午节(昨天)又发布一款闪购活动,有些朋友姑且较多是端午节活动,刚才有看到活动还在的,如果有需要的朋友可以看看。第一、端...
蓝竹云怎么样 蓝竹云好不好蓝竹云是新商家这次给我们带来的 挂机宝25元/年 美国西雅图云服务器 下面是套餐和评测,废话不说直接开干~~蓝竹云官网链接点击打开官网江西上饶挂机宝宿主机配置 2*E5 2696V2 384G 8*1500G SAS RAID10阵列支持Windows sever 2008,Windows sever 2012,Centos 7.6,Debian 10.3,Ubuntu1...
萨主机(lisahost)新上了美国cn2 gia国际精品网络 – 精品线路,支持解锁美区Netflix所有资源,HULU, DISNEY, StartZ, HBO MAX,ESPN, Amazon Prime Video等,同时支持Tiktok。套餐原价基础上加价20元可更换23段美国原生ip。支持Tiktok。成功下单后,在线充值相应差价,提交工单更换美国原生IP。!!!注意是加价20换原生I...
pcanywhere为你推荐
neworiental我国最好的英语学校是在哪里?京沪高铁上市首秀在中国股市中:京沪高铁概念股有哪些百度商城百度商城知道在哪个地方,怎么找不到啊www.983mm.comwww.47683.com罗伦佐娜维洛娜毛周角化修复液治疗毛周角化有用吗?谁用过?能告诉我吗?www.bbb336.comwww.zzfyx.com大家感觉这个网站咋样,给俺看看呀。多提意见哦。哈哈。郭泊雄郭佰雄最后一次出现是什么时候?javbibi日文里的bibi是什么意思www.123qqxx.com我的首页http://www.hao123.com被改成了http://www.669dh.cn/?yhc19ise.com欲火难耐看什么电影 19部性感至极的佳片
免费国际域名 中文域名申请 plesk 搬瓦工官网 unsplash 华为云主机 建立邮箱 免费phpmysql空间 上海服务器 申请网站 百度云加速 工信部网站备案查询 日本代理ip 摩尔庄园注册 空间服务器 ssl加速 杭州电信宽带 rewritecond 石家庄服务器 phpinfo 更多