TXubuntu12.04

Chapter1HardwareandSoftwareIntroductionsofpcDuinopcDuinoisahighperformance,costeffectiveminiPCplatformthatrunsPClikeOSsuchasUbuntuLinux.
ItoutputsitsscreentoHDMIenabledTVormonitorviathebuiltinHDMIinterface.
Itisspeciallytargetedforthefastgrowingdemandsfromtheopensourcecommunity.
TheplatformcouldrunfullblownPClikeOSwitheasytousetoolchainandcompatiblewiththepopularArduinoecosystemsuchasArduinoShieldsandopensourceprojectsetc.
ItcanalsorunAndroid4.
0ICS.
ThehardwarespecificationofpcDuinoisasfollows:ItemsDetailsCPUAllWinnerA10SoC,1GHzARMCortexA8GPUOpenGLES2.
0,OpenVG1.
1Mali400coreDRAM1GBOnboardStorage2GBFlashMicro-SDcardslotforupto32GBVideoOutputHDMIOSLinux3.
0+Ubuntu12.
04AndroidICS4.
0ExtensionInterfaceArduinoHeadersNetworkinterfaceUSBWiFiextension(notincluded)Ethernet10/100MbpsPower5V,2AThefollowingaretopandbottomviewsofpcDuino:pcDuinotargetsfortwomarketsprimarily,i.
e.
,theRaspberryPiminiPCmarketandArduinomarketasopen-sourceelectronicsprototypingplatform.
WithpcDuino,usercoulddolotsoffunstuffincludingbutnotlimitedtothefollows:LearnorteachprogrammingWorkwithhardwareportUseInternetbrowserorOfficefromUbuntuLearnUbuntulinuxCreatemediacenterwithXBMCPlaygameDIYprojectsRequiredAccessoriesMicro-USBportpoweradaptor(5V,2000mA)DisplaywithHDMIportHDMIcableIfyoudonthaveaHDMImonitor,youcanuseHDMItoDVIcabletoconnecttoaDVImonitororaHDMItoVGAcabletoconnecttoaVGAmonitor.
USBkeyboard(must)USBHubandUSBmouse(optionalbutstronglyrecommended)SomeDupontLinestoconnectpcDuinowithtestdevicesMicro-SDcardanditscardreaderNote:Beforerunthefollowingsamples,ConnectpcDuinowiththedevicescorrectly:USBhostport=>USBhub=>keyboard&mouseHDMIport=>HDMIcable=>HDMIdisplaypcDuinoboardI/OinterfacedescriptionThedetailedschematicscanbedownloadedfrom:https://s3.
amazonaws.
com/pcduino/Hardware/PC+Duino_V01-20130128.
pdfHereisthelistofI/OinterfacesonpcDuinoboard.
1.
14digitalpinsforGPIO:GPIOmaxoutcurrentis4mA.
2.
OneUARTRX,oneUARTTX3.
TwoPWMpins,supportupto24MHz.
4.
SixADCpins,ADC0andADC1are6bitsresolution,whiletherestare10bitsresolution.
5.
FourSPIpins6.
TwoI2CpinsItsupportstoconnectanyArduinoshieldwithpcDuinoviaanyoftheaboveI/Ointerfaces.
ItallowsusingpcDuinowiththesamecodeusedinArduino.
SoftwarepcDuinosupportsbothUbuntuLinuxandAndroid4.
0ICS.
Whenthebookiswritten,thelatestreleaseversionofUbuntuforpcDuinois20130531.
UbuntuThefactorydefaultinstallationisUbuntuinNANDflash.
UbuntucanbootfromeitherNANDflashorabootablemicroSDcard.
UbuntuinNANDflash:IfwewanttoreinstallUbuntuorupdateUbuntuinNANDflash,therearetwooptions:InstallUbuntuusingmicroSDcards.
InstallUbuntuusingthroughUSBportusingLivesuit.
Inthefollowingwearegoingtointroduceeachone.
HowtoinstallUbuntuusingmicroSDcards:Theinstallationprocessinvolvestwosteps:1)InstallLinuxkernel(usemicroSDcard#1)and2)InstallUbuntufilesystem(usemicroSDcard#2oraUSBflashdrive,whichneedstobeformattedasFAT).
ThemicroSDcardshouldbe2GBminimal.
IneverypcDuinoubunturelease,therearetwoversionsofkernelimage.
OneisforPhonexcardtoolthatisusedtocreatemicroSDcard#1(ThisisthesamefilethatisusedbyLivesuit,whichwillbediscussedlater).
TheotherisforWin32DiskImager(windows)ordd(underlinux)thatisusedtocreatemicroSDcard#1.
Phonexcardcanbedownloadedfromhttps://s3.
amazonaws.
com/pcduino/Tools/PhoenixCardV306_20120302.
rarWin32DiskImagercanbedownloadedfrom:https://s3.
amazonaws.
com/pcduino/Tools/win32diskimager-v0.
7-binary.
ziporhttp://sourceforge.
net/projects/win32diskimagerBurnthekernelinLinuxPCa)Insertthemicro-SDcardtoLinuxPCorpcDuino,thecardwillbemountedautomatically.
Tocontinue,un-mountallthepartitionsonthecard.
Forexample,IftheSDhastwopartitions:$sudoumount/dev/mmcblk0p1$sudoumount/dev/mmcblk0p2b)Thenburnthedownloadedandunzippedimagefile(a10_kernel_disk32imager_20130403.
img)tothemicro-SDcardwiththefollowingcommand:$sudoddif=/udisk/a10_kernel_disk32imager_20130403.
imgof=/dev/mmcblk0bs=1M$sudosyncTheof=/dev/mmcblk0pointstothemicro-SDcard.
Cautions:Don'tuse"of=/dev/xxx"topointtoyourharddisk.
Itwilldestroythecontentsinyourharddisk.
Nowthemicro-SDcardisreadyforusetoburntheOSimagetointernalflash.
c)BurntheOSimagetointernalflashfrommicro-SDcardi.
Plugthemicro-SDcardtothepcDuino,powerontheboard,andthenwaitforoneminuteii.
EjecttheTFcardandresetthedevice.
IfyouseetheRXLEDstayson,andtheTXLEDisblinking,thekernelisupdatedsuccessfullyBurnthekernelinMACOSPCa)OpentheterminalinMacOS,insertthemicro-SDcard,thecardwillbemountedautomatically.
Tocontinue,un-mountallthepartitionsonthecard.
Forexample,IftheSDhastwopartitions:$sudoumount/dev/disk1s1$sudoumount/dev/disk1s2IftheSDcardisfailedtoumount,youcanusethefollowingscripttoforceumount:$sudodiskutilumountforce/dev/disk1s1$sudodiskutilumountforce/dev/disk1s2b)Thenburnthedownloadedandunzippedimagefile(a10_kernel_disk32imager_20130403.
img)tothemicro-SDcardwiththefollowingcommand:$sudoddif=/udisk/a10_kernel_disk32imager_20130403.
imgof=/dev/disk1bs=1mTheof=/dev/disk1pointstothemicro-SDcard.
Afterthiscommandiscomplete,yourMacPCwillpopupthemessage"can'tidentifytheSDcard"thatindicatesthefilesysteminyourcardisunknowntoMacPCnow.
Cautions:Don'tuse"of=/dev/xxx"topointtoyourharddisk.
Itwilldestroythecontentsinyourharddisk.
Nowthemicro-SDcardisreadyforusetoburntheOSimagetointernalflash.
c)BurntheOSimagetointernalflashfrommicro-SDcardi.
Plugthemicro-SDcardtothepcDuino,powerontheboard,andthenwaitforoneminuteii.
EjecttheTFcardandresetthedevice.
IfyouseetheRXLEDstayson,andtheTXLEDisblinking,thekernelisupdatedsuccessfullyAfterwecreatemicroSDcard#1,insertmicroSD#1intotheSDslot,andpowercycletheboard.
WhentheboardstartstoburnimagefilefromSDcardtoflash,theTXLEDwillblinkslowly.
Waitforaboutoneminute,ifthekernelisupdatedsuccessfully,theLEDswillbeoff.
Now,wearereadytoflashUbuntufilesystemtoNANDflash.
IneverypcDUinoUbunturelease,thereisafileballnamedUbuntu,thisisUbuntufilesystem.
DownloadtheUbuntufile,andunzipittogettwofileslikethese:-Update.
sh:shellscriptforUbuntuupdate-Ubuntu_xxx.
img:imagefileforUbuntuCopythetwofilestomicroSD#2oraUSBflashdrive,whichmustbeformattedasFAT.
PowercyclepcDuino,youwillseebootinginformationonthescreen,andpluginmicroSD#2orUSBflashdrivewhenthemessageshowingthatitislookingforadiskcontainingUbuntufilesystem.
Thescreenwillshows"Itwilltakeabout10minutestofinish…".
Pleasewaitpatientlyandthescreenwillpromptthatitfinishedupdating.
Whenthatisdone,removethemicroSDcard,andpowercyclepcDuino.
Tips:ThemicroSDcard#1isspeciallycreatedtoallowittoberecognizedbytheROMBOOToftheboard.
ToavoidtheunexpectedupdateofpcDuino,wecanusethePhoenixCardtorestoreittonormalandcleancardi.
Plugyourmicro-SDcardtoyourPC,run"PhoenixCard.
exe".
ii.
Selectthemicro-SDcardinthediskscrollwindow,andchoose"FormattoNormal"torestorethecard.
HowtoinstallUbuntuusingLiveSuit:LiveSuitisafreetoolwhichcanupgradefirmwarebyUSBdevice.
Tousethistool,youmustinstalltwoUSBdrivers.
Youcandownloadthetoolanddriversandreadtheusermanualfrom:https://s3.
amazonaws.
com/pcduino/Tools/Livesuit.
rarNote:LiveSuitisnotverystableonWindowsVistaorWindows7,anditdoesnotworkwellon64bitsCPU.
Sothistoolisnotrecommended.
UbuntuinbootablemicroSDcard:IneverypcDUinoUbunturelease,thereisafilenamedSDbootableimage.
ThisfileisintendedtocreateabootablemicroSDcard,sowecanputallofourapplicationanddataontheSDcardinsteadofthespace-limitedNANDflash.
Steps:1.
DownloadthebootablemicroSDcardimage.
2.
Unzipitandgetxxx.
img3.
Burntheunzippedimagefileabovetothemicro-SDcardwithwin32diskimagerorddinLinuxPCorpcDuino4.
Plugthemicro-SDcardintopcDuinoandpowercyclepcDuino.
5.
Ubuntuwillbeuprunning.
Bydefault,thefilesystemonlyuses2GB.
IfyouhaveamorespaceonyourSDcard,itisnotusedbydefault.
WearegoingtouseascripttoexpandthefilesystemtothewholeSDcard.
$wgethttps://s3.
amazonaws.
com/pcduino/SampleCode/System/expandFS/expand_sdcard_rootfs.
sh$sudobash.
/expand_sdcard_rootfs.
shAftertheexpansion,werebootpcDuinoby:$sudorebootAfterreboot,werun:sudoresize2fs/dev/mmcblk0p2Checkthestoragespaceagainusing$df-hBackupNANDtoaSDcard,andbootfromSDcardpcDuinohasanonboardNANDof2GB.
Whenwearedoingheavydutyprojectdevelopment,wecaneasilyeatupallthespace.
Whenthathappens,weneedawaytomovealltheprogramanddatafromNANDtoaSDoflargercapacityandmakethatSDbootable.
Thekeyfunctionwearegoingtouseis:make_mmc_boot"Clonesystemfromnandtommccard"ThisfunctionwillcopytheentirecontentinNANDtoaSDcard.
Thisisequivalenttoflashanmmc-bootimage.
Thebenefitisthatusersstillkeeptheirownprogram/data.
WhenthespaceofNANDisnotenough,wecanusetheSDcardtoreplacethesysteminNAND.
Whenthebookiswritten,thelatestimagereleaseis20130531.
Intheoriginalimage20130513,theabovementionedfunctionisnotthereinboard-config.
Weneedtodoanupdateinboard-configtomakeitavailable.
Therearetwowaystorunboard-config.
Oneistorunthatafterreset.
Theotheristorunitinterminal.
Inthefollowing,wearegoingtousethesecondapproach.
Wetype:$sudoboard-config.
shNext,wearegoingtochooseUpdate:Thenwechooseconfig:Afterthat,pcDuinowillcheckforupdate:PressY,andaftertheupdateisdown,exitandre-run:$sudoboard-config.
shTheoption"make_mmc_boot"willdisplayinthemenu:PluginaSDcard(inourcase,acardof16GB)totheSDslot,andpress"ENTER":Ittakessometimetobackup:Afteralongwait,wewillgetthefollowingmessage:WerebootpcDuino,andcheckthestoragespaceusing:$df–hIntheabovefigure,wecanseethatalthoughtheSDcardisofcapacity16GB,itonlyshowsupas2GB.
WearegoingtouseascripttoexpandthefilesystemtothewholeSDcard.
$wgethttps://s3.
amazonaws.
com/pcduino/SampleCode/System/expandFS/expand_sdcard_rootfs.
sh$sudobash.
/expand_sdcard_rootfs.
shAftertheexpansion,werebootpcDuinoby:$sudorebootAfterreboot,werun:sudoresize2fs/dev/mmcblk0p2Checkthestoragespaceagainusing$df-hWecanseethatwegetafullaccesstotheSDcard.
AndroidThefactorydefaultinstallationisUbuntuinNANDflash.
AndroidinNANDflash:IfwewanttoreinstallAndroidorupdateAndroidinNANDflash,therearetwooptions:InstallUbuntuusingmicroSDcards.
InstallUbuntuusingthroughUSBportusingLivesuit.
Inthefollowingwearegoingtointroduceeachone.
HowtoinstallAndroidusingmicroSDcard:1.
DownloadtheAndroidoperatingsystemforpcDuinoThedownloadlinkis:http://www.
pcduino.
com/page_id=14FindthelinkforAndroidimage,downloaditandgetonefilewith.
imgextension.
Phonexcardcanbedownloadedfromhttps://s3.
amazonaws.
com/pcduino/Tools/PhoenixCardV306_20120302.
rar2.
WritepcDuinoAndroidimagetomicro-SDcard(a)Plugyourmicro-SDcardtoyourPC,run"PhoenixCard.
exe".
Youwillseesomethinglikethis:(b)ChoosetheAndroidimagefilepcduino_Android_xxx.
imgthatyou'vedownloadedandwriteittothemicro-SDcardAfterafewminutes,themicro-SDcardisreadytouse.
3.
BurntheOSimagetointernalflashfrommicro-SDcarda)Plugthemicro-SDcardtothepcDuinoandthenpowerontheboard.
Waitforaboutfourminutesb)Ejectthemicro-SDcardandresetthedevice*Wehaveacatchinstep(a).
Wedon'thaveanyLEDtoindicatewhenthebootimageisburnedcompletelyunlessyouconnectthehyperterminaltopcDuino,sopleasewaitforfourminutespatiently.
Moreover,pleaseejecttheTFcardbeforeresettingthedevice.
Otherwise,itwillstarttoburntheOSimageagainiftheTFcardisinserted.
4.
Restorethemicro-SDcardcreatedThemicro-SDcardisspeciallycreatedtoallowittoberecognizedbytheROMBOOToftheboard.
ToavoidtheunexpectedupdateoftheAndroidOS,usethePhoenixCardtorestoreittonormalandcleancardiii.
Plugyourmicro-SDcardtoyourPC,run"PhoenixCard.
exe".
iv.
Selectthemicro-SDcardinthediskscrollwindow,andchoose"FormattoNormal"torestorethecard.
HowtoinstallAndroidusingLiveSuit:LiveSuitisafreetoolwhichcanupgradefirmwarebyUSBdevice.
Tousethistool,youmustinstalltwoUSBdrivers.
Youcandownloadthetoolanddriversandreadtheusermanualfrom:https://s3.
amazonaws.
com/pcduino/Tools/Livesuit.
rarNote:LiveSuitisnotverystableonWindowsVistaorWindows7,anditdoesnotworkwellon64bitsCPU.
Sothistoolisnotrecommended.
UsepcDuinoasanminiPCplatform1)pcDuinoandUbuntupcDuino&UbuntusupportcustomizedUbuntulinux12.
04thatisspeciallyoptimizedforrunningonARMcortexplatformwithlimitedDRAMandNANDflashsupport.
ThedevicecouldbeoperatedwiththeUSBmouseandkeyboard.
Thesupportedapplicationlistconsistsofthefollows:ItemsDetailsTerminalUsebuildin"LXTerminal"applicationfromdesktopLaunchterminalapplication,runstandardlinuxcommandsorvieditoretc.
LaunchC/C++compile(usegcc),assemblyandexecutionFilebrowserUsebuildinFileManagerfromdesktopUsedfortypicalfilemanagementInternetbrowserUsechromiumwebbrowserfromdesktopSupportHTML5OfficeUseDocumentViewerfromdesktopforPDFfileviewUseGnumericfromdesktopforExcelfileviewandeditUseAbiWordfromdesktopforWordfileviewandeditMovieplayerUseMPlayerfromdesktopCouldplaybackaudio,videoandimageServersVNCserverSSHDevelopmentArduinoIDEforpcDuinoNote:Therootuserandpasswordare"ubuntu".
6.
2pcDuinoandAndroidpcDuinoboardsupportscustomizedandroid4.
0thatisspeciallyoptimizedforHD-TVoutputdisplaydevices.
ThedevicecouldbeoperatedwiththeUSBmouseandkeyboard.
Thesupportedapplicationlistconsistsofbutnotlimitedthefollows:ItemsDetailsFilebrowserUsebuildinFileManagerUsedfortypicalfilemanagementInternetbrowserUsewebbrowserfromdesktoporGoogleSearchwidgetSupportHTML5CalendarGoogleCalendarGmailVisitGmailaccountsPeopleGooglecontactsappsAppStoreUseGoogle"playstore"todownloadthird-partyappsMusicAndroidbuilt-inmusicplayerMovieplayerbuilt-inSuper-HDPlayertoplaylocalmovies