正文thinkstations20

Unit10DiscussionSessions(1):AskingQuestionsAftercompletingthisunit,youshouldbeableto:1UnderstandthefunctionsofaskingquestionsinQ&Asessions2Becomefamiliarwiththefeaturesofquestion-raisers3Learnaboutthefeaturesofon-the-spotquestions4Classifyon-the-spotquestionsUnitObjectivesAskingandansweringquestionsplayadominantroleinacademicspeeches,specializeddiscussions,anddissertationdefenses.
Inthisunitwewilldiscussissuesofaskingquestions,specificallythefeaturesofquestion-raisers,thefeaturesofquestions,andtheclassificationofquestions.
正文U7-U14.
indd1712013.
7.
124:04:10PMAskingquestionscanservealotoffunctions.
Forexample,youmayraisequestionsto:Obtainananswer;gainaninsightorincreaseyourknowledge;gatherrelevantinformationGainpossiblesolutionstoaproblemOpenadialog;engageinaconversationShowinterestSignalyourpresence;gainexposureintheevent;demonstrateknowledgeEncouragesomeoneelsetoexpressthemselves;verifyothers'capabilities;checkeachother'sworkMakesomeonethinkorrespondinaparticularway;guideaudience'sattentioninapreferreddirectionObtainthecorrespondingactionimpliedTriggeradebate;challengeyourpeers;confirmwhatyouknoworchallengewhatyoususpectExercisesandPractice1Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.
1)Whatotherfunctionsdoyouthinkaskingquestionswouldfulfill2)DoyoulikeraisingquestionsatameetingWhyorwhynot2Supposeyouwerechairingameeting,howwouldyouencouragethelistenerstoraisequestionsPayattentiontothefunctionsofaskingquestionsyouhavelearnedinthissection.
FunctionsofAskingQuestionsinQ&ASessions国际会议交流172正文U7-U14.
indd1722013.
7.
124:04:10PMInsidersoftheProfession/FieldQuestion-raisersinadiscussionsession(sometimescalledaQ&Asession)areoftenexpertsofaparticularfieldwithgreatattainmentsandrichexperience.
Eventheundergraduateorgraduatestudentsinanordinarylectureareofacertainspecialtyandhavehadcarefulthinkingandpreparationbeforeraisingtheirquestions.
Inthissense,question-raiserscanbeconsideredasinsidersintheparticularfield.
FamiliaritywiththePresentationContentSincequestionersareusuallythosewhohaveattendedthespeechsessionofaspeaker,theyareusuallyfamiliarwiththepresentationcontentofthespeaker.
Inotherwords,thequestionershaveobtainedarathercomprehensiveunderstandingofthecontent,majorconcepts,basicideas,specificdescription,andkeyconclusions.
Therefore,questionsraisedbysuchquestionersareusuallyin-depth,ofwiderange,anddifficult.
IntentionofFault-findingExperienceofmanyconference-goersshowsthatquestion-raisersusuallytendtofindthemistakesmadebythepresentereitherinhis/hermanuscriptorinhis/herspeech.
Thisfeatureofquestion-raisersmaybeduetotheformalityoforaldefense(particularlyofheateddiscussions).
Inotherwords,questionersmayspeciallymentiontheexistingweakpoints,errors,omissions,orcontroversies,forexample,unclearideas,insufficientsupportingmaterials,theconfusinglogic,inappropriatewording,obscuredescriptions,etc.
Thesefeaturesgivethereasonwhymostpeoplefeelitdifficulttoconductanoraldefense.
Answeringquestions,especiallyrespondingtoobjectionsbeforeprofessionalscanbeafrighteningexperience.
Manyconference-goersfeelthreatenedwhentheyaremadetodoso.
FeaturesofQuestion-raisers173Unit10DiscussionSessions(1):AskingQuestions正文U7-U14.
indd1732013.
7.
124:04:10PMExtensivenessWhenapresenterdeliversaspeech,he/shewilldefinitelyhaveatheme.
However,whenapresenteranswersquestionsfromalistener,he/shewillfindthe"theme"ofthequestionsquiteextensiveanddiverse.
Sincetheaudienceisinterestedindifferentaspects,thequestionsraisedmaycoverawiderange,forexample,fromgeneralscientificdeliberationstotheprecisionofaparameter,fromthebackgroundofaresearchstudytoitsactualapplicationsinaspecificfield,etc.
Obviously,questionsinadiscussionsessionarecharacterizedbyextensiveness.
UnpredictabilityNotonlyarequestionsraisedbytheaudienceextensive,butalsounpredictable.
Questionsraisedbydifferentlisteners,inmostcases,arenotdirectlyrelatedtooneanother.
Thefirstquestionaskedbyonepersonintheaudiencemaybeentirelydifferentfromorevenhavenothingtodowiththesecondquestionraisedbyanotherperson.
Andquestionsposedbydifferentpeopleareusuallynotarrangedinasystematicandlogicalway.
Therefore,thetrainofthoughtofthepresenterhastofollowthatoftheaudience.
This,apparently,addsdifficultiestoansweringquestions.
TimelinessUnlikegivingamemorizedspeechthatcanberepeatedlypreparedbeforehand,apresenterwillhavetoanswerquestionsraisedbytheaudienceonthespot.
Inthiscase,therewillbenotimetothinkitoverandoveragain,andhighpressurecouldbefeltatanymomentduringanoraldefense.
Thatiswhythevery"moments"areusuallyconsideredratherpressingandnoteasytodealwith.
ExercisesandPractice1Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.
1)ArequestionsforapresentationpredictableWhyorwhynot2)Apartfromfault-findingquestions,arethereotherkindsofquestionsthatwouldgivechallengestothepresenter2Workingroupsandshareyourexperienceinraisingoransweringaquestioninanacademicconference.
FeaturesofOn-the-spotQuestions国际会议交流174正文U7-U14.
indd1742013.
7.
124:04:10PMDuringtheprocessofadiscussionsession(oranoraldefense),theaudiencemayraisevariouskindsofquestions,which,accordingtotheirmotivation,purposes,andrequirements,couldbeclassifiedintothefollowingtypes.
QuestionsforClarifyingProblemsThediscussionsessionprovidestheaudiencewithanopportunitytoclarifythepointsthattheyhavenotquiteunderstoodorthathavenotbeenfullydemonstrated,toaskforsomestatisticalinformation,etc.
Forexample,Ex.
10-1Mr.
Chairman,I'dliketoaskMr.
…whathereferstobygettingapeakvalue.
Ex.
10-2Idon'tquiteunderstandwhatyoureallymeanbysaying"allthesephenomenaareinterrelated".
CanyouexplainitagainEx.
10-3Iwouldliketoaskyouaquestion,orrather,makearequest.
IsitpossibleforyoutoshowmeagainyourlastslideEx.
10-4CouldyoupleasetellmehowmanyresearchprojectsinyourinstitutearefinanciallysupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaThesequestions,aslistedabove,couldbelabeledas"ordinaryquestions".
Inthediscussionsessionataconference,theseordinaryquestionsusuallymakeupthegreatestproportion.
QuestionsforShowingSpecialInterestThelistenersalsoaskquestionsinordertolearnmoredetailsaboutaparticularaspect,ortohaveadeeperunderstandingofaprojectclosetotheirownresearch.
Thistypeofquestionrequiresamoredetailedanswer.
Forexample,TypesofQuestionsinQ&ASessionsClarifyingproblemsMr.
Chairman,I'dliketoaskMr.
…what…Idon'tquiteunderstandwhatyoureallymeanbysaying…CanyouexplainitagainIwouldliketoaskyouaquestion,orrather,makearequest.
Isitpossible…Couldyoupleasetellmehowmany…175Unit10DiscussionSessions(1):AskingQuestions正文U7-U14.
indd1752013.
7.
124:04:11PMEx.
10-5I'mverykeenonwhatyousayaboutthedistancefromthehighesttothelowestplaceontheearth.
HowisitbeingcarriedoutinyourlaboratoryEx.
10-6I'mverymuchinterestedinhearingyourpresentationtodayontheScientificAssumptionssincetheworkwe'regoingtostarthassomeconnectionswithyours.
Now,wouldyoupleasesayafewmorewordsaboutthetentativeassumptionParticularlyatitspreliminarystageEx.
10-7Wehavelearnedfromyourpresentationthatyou'regoingtouseparaffincoatingsinyournewlymanufacturedmaser.
Personally,Idobelievetheexperimentaldeliberationiswellgroundedtheoretically.
ButIaminterestedinknowinghowyouhavedealtwiththeshort-termstability.
Ex.
10-8ItissaidthatyourcompanyhasgotintouchwiththeOrientalPaperMill.
Didyougotothemillfirst,orviceversaAndconsideringthedeliverydateofthesaidinstrument,whichdoyouprefer,SeptemberorOctoberQuestionsofthistypedifferfromthefirstcategoryinthatthepurposeofthefirstcategoryofquestion-raisersismainlytohaveafewpointsclarified,whereasthesecondcategoryistosatisfycertainspecialinterest.
QuestionsforRaisingDifferentOpinionsScientificresearchtendstoleadtodifferentconclusions,opinionsorviewpoints.
Therefore,itisquitenaturaltofinddifferentopinionsinprofessionaldiscussionsessions.
Ex.
10-9Thelastpointyoumentionedissomethingrelatedtothesubjectwe'vebeenstudying.
I'dsayI'vegotsomeinsightsfromyourviews.
Butastoyoursayingabout…I'mafraidthatatleastthefollowingcaseseemstohavebeenoverlooked.
Thefirstpoint…Thesecondpoint…Andthelastpoint…CanIhaveyourcommentsonthatEx.
10-10Perhapswe'relookingattheproblemfromdifferentviewpoints.
Tothebestofmyknowledge,whatyousayseemstobetheoreticallyunclearin…Forexample,…CouldyougiveusfurtherexplanationonthataspectShowingspecialinterestI'mverykeenon…I'mverymuchinterestedin…Wouldyoupleasesayafewmorewordsabout…国际会议交流176正文U7-U14.
indd1762013.
7.
124:04:11PMEx.
10-11I'moftheopinionthatthesubjectiswellsetforth,andtheapproachestosolvingtheproblemarealsoreasonable.
Butsofaras…isconcerned,I'mafraidIcan'tsaythatIgoalongwithyouonthat.
AndIwouldliketohearyourexplanationaboutthat.
I'mallears.
Ex.
10-12IfIamnotmistaken,yousaidthehigherthecompressionratiowas,thehigherthevideoqualitywouldbe.
AsfarasIknow,however,generallythevideoqualityshouldbeininverseproportiontothecompressionratio.
WouldyoupleasegiveussomeexplanationaboutthisEx.
10-13…Idon'tpretendtoknowmuchaboutthesubject.
ButI'mafraidthereareotherproblemsconnectedwiththesubject,whichhavenotbeenmentionedinyourpresentation.
Herearesomerelevantexamples…AndIdon'tknowifyouthinksoEx.
10-14Mr.
…I'mveryinterestedinhearingyourpresentationonthepositiveanalysisofefficientmarkethypothesis.
Buttothebestofmyknowledge,yourviewpointthatdifferentbenchmarks(标准)willleadtodifferentconclusionsseemstobeunreasonable.
I'mafraidthatthebenchmarkoughttobeconsistentinthewholestuddinghorizon.
CouldyougiveusyourfurtherexplanationonthataspectTheabovequestionsareraisedwhensomeoneintheaudiencedisagreeswiththeopinions,ideas,description,andexplanationmadebythepresenters.
Thesequestionsarenormallyraisedinapoliteandroundaboutway.
Thequestionersadoptappropriatetoneandwordssoastoavoidunpleasantfeelings.
QuestionsforComprehensiveExaminationsSometimesinthediscussionsessions,severalquestionsareraisedbyonepersonthatmovestepbystepforfurtherinvestigationandhaveinternalrelationships.
Suchquestionscouldusuallybeseenintheoraldefenseofthesesorinterviews.
Ex.
10-15Professor:InwhichyeardidLeninwritehisMaterialismandEmpirio-criticismAndwhatwasthemainideaStudent:(Omitted)Professor:InwhichyearwasEinstein'sspecialtheoryofrelativityproposedAndwhatRaisingdifferentopinionsI'vegotsomeinsightsfromyourviews.
Butastoyoursayingabout…I'mafraidthatatleast…CanIhaveyourcommentsonthatPerhapswe'relookingattheproblemfromdifferentviewpoints.
Tothebestofmyknowledge,whatyousayseemstobe…CouldyougiveusfurtherexplanationonthataspectI'moftheopinionthat…Butsofaras…isconcerned,I'mafraidIcan'tsaythatIgoalongwithyouonthat.
AndIwouldliketohearyourexplanationaboutthat.
IfIamnotmistaken,yousaid…AsfarasIknow,however,…Wouldyoupleasegiveussomeexplanationaboutthis…Idon'tpretendtoknowmuchaboutthesubject.
ButI'mafraidthereareotherproblemsconnectedwiththesubject,…Idon'tknowifyouthinksoI'mveryinterestedin…Buttothebestofmyknowledge,yourviewpoint…seemstobeunreasonable.
I'mafraidthat…Couldyougiveusyourfurtherexplanationonthataspect177Unit10DiscussionSessions(1):AskingQuestions正文U7-U14.
indd1772013.
7.
124:04:12PMwasthebasicconceptStudent:(Omitted)Professor:ThespecialtheoryofrelativitycameearlierthanMaterialismandEmpirio-criticismbyLenin.
Thefindingsoftheformerhadverifiedoneconceptthatwasoriginallyunscientific,andLeninadoptedmorethanonceEinstein'sideainhisMaterialismandEmpirio-criticism.
WhyEx.
10-16A:Inyourexperiment,whatisthemostimportantfactor,thetemperature,thepressure,thefrequencyorotherfactorsB:(Omitted)A:Ifthetemperatureisthemostimportantfactor,whatmeasureswillyouadopttobetteryoursystemB:(Omitted)A:Ifyouaregivenanotheryeartoperformyourexperiment,whichmeasuresthatyoumentionedcanbematerializedAndwhichcannotPleasegiveusyourestimationandreasons.
B:(Omitted)Ex.
10-17Thankyouverymuchforyourdetailedexplanation.
ButIstillhaveafewmorequestions.
DoyouthinkthisprocesscanbeindustrializedIfso,whenwillitbeindustrializedDoyouthinkthismethodcancompletelytaketheplaceofotherpollutanttreatmentmethodsEx.
10-18WhydidyouputforwardthatplanHowdidyouthinkoftheideaWerethereanydifficultiesinperformingtheresolutionAndhowdidyouovercomethedifficulties,ifanyAseriesofquestionsareraisedinordertomakeafullinvestigationofalltheaspects,toobtainasystematicdescriptionofthetopic,andtoleadthespeakertothedesiredanswerstepbystep.
Bywayofaskingaseriesofquestionsrelatedtothesubject,thepresenter'scomprehensionandabilitycanbecomprehensivelyexamined.
That'swhysuchquestionsareoftenheardintheoraldefenseoftheses,dissertationsorinterviews.
QuestionsforInformation-huntingAsisknowntoall,aninternationalacademicconferenceservesbothasaplacefordisplayingresearchaccomplishments,andasaplaceforexchanginginformation.
Therefore,ataprofessionalmeeting,especiallyatascientificandtechnologicalconference,therenaturallyexiststheproblemofhowtocompletelylaybarethelatestknowledgeontheonehandandappropriatelyavoiddisclosingthesensitiveinformationontheotherhand.
Therefore,someoftheaudiencemightraisequestionswiththepurposeofcollectinginformationaboutdetaileddata,specimens,examples,specifictechnologies,etc.
国际会议交流178正文U7-U14.
indd1782013.
7.
124:04:12PMEx.
10-19Thankyouverymuchforyourpatientexplanationinresponsetomyquestion.
ButIhaveonemorequestion,orratherarequest—canIhaveacopyofyourreportonthegyroscope(陀螺仪)I'minterestedinitsindustrialapplications.
Ex.
10-20Ihaveheardaboutyourstudyonatmosphericpropagation.
I'dliketoknowhowmanygroundstationsthereareinyourcountryandinyourcityaswell.
Ex.
10-21Asyoumentionedinyourtalk,you'reconductingtheexperimentson…I'mnotspecializedinthesubject,butI'msureitwillinvolvearathercomplicatedtechnologicalprocess.
WouldyoumindtellingusmoreaboutthatEx.
10-22Wehavebeentalkingaboutthequalityoftheauto-controlmeters.
Well,shallwemoveontothedateofthedeliveryEx.
10-23Bytheway,doyouhappentoknowaboutthecontroversialsubjectofgenetics,whichwaspresentedattheprevioussessionQuestionsRaisedDuetoOtherReasonsInaddition,theremightbeothertypesofquestionsthatarenotasfrequentlyasked.
Forexample,questionsareraisedtoexpressthehopethatthespeakerwillsaysomethingabouthis/herpersonalinformation;toaskforthedifferencesbetweenthepresentedpaperandsomeoneelse'spaper(indicatingthepossibilityofplagiarism);torequiretestimony;toattracttheattentionoftheaudiencetosomeothertopicswithquestions;andeventonit-pick(挑剔),ortosatirize,etc.
Thesequestionsmightbeforvariouspurposes,suchasattractingattention,misleadingtheaudience,depreciatingthespeaker,complicatingissues,raisingobstacles,etc.
Obviously,thespeakersshouldbeverycarefulinansweringthistypeofquestions.
Forexample,Ex.
10-24Youdidgiveusagoodpresentation.
ButcanyoutellusthedifferencesbetweenthepaperpublishedinJournalofCatalyst,Vol.
157,pp.
87-96,1995andyoursQuestionsforinformation-huntingCanIhaveacopyofyourreporton…I'dliketoknowhowmany…WouldyoumindtellingusmoreaboutthatWell,shallwemoveonto…Bytheway,doyouhappentoknowabout…179Unit10DiscussionSessions(1):AskingQuestions正文U7-U14.
indd1792013.
7.
124:04:13PMEx.
10-25YouhavepointedoutthatEnglishpervadedthroughtheInternet.
DidyouthinkthatbecauseoftheChineselanguage,ChinacouldnotplayanimportantroleinthenetworkEx.
10-26SincemanycompaniesincludingIBMandMicrosoftaredevelopingnewversionsofDataConferencetools,doyouthinkwhatyoudoiscompletelyuselessSometimes,whenansweringsuchquestions,itisbesttoavoidansweringverydirectly.
Thefollowingaresomepossibleanswerstothequestionsabove:(Ex.
10-24)"Iamnotfamiliarwiththepaperyouhavementioned.
Thankyouforgivingmethereference.
Iwouldbehappytoreaditandgetbacktoyoulater.
"(Ex.
10-25)"Thatisagoodquestion.
However,thetopicoftheChineselanguageisveryvast.
I'mafraidthatitisoutsidethelimitedscopeofmypresentation.
"(Ex.
10-26)"Thankyouforyourquestion.
CertainlyIBMandMicrosoftareourstrongestcompetitors.
Butcompetitionisagoodthing,don'tyouthinkso"ExercisesandPractice1Workinpairsandanswerthefollowingquestions.
1)Whatkindsofquestionsareusuallyraised2)WhatkindsofquestionsareeasytoanswerWhatquestionsaredifficulttoanswer3)Whatwillyoudoifyoucannotanswerthequestionsraised2Workinpairs.
Listthequestionsyouwereaskedduringyourpresentationsinthepast,categorizethemaccordingtothetypeslistedinthissectionandshareyouexperiencewithyourpartner.
国际会议交流180正文U7-U14.
indd1802013.
7.
124:04:13PMUnitSummary[讨论环节(1):提问]国际学术会议中宣读专业论文和学术讨论中的提问,与日常社交或一般交谈中的提问有所不同.
这里的提问具有即席答辩的性质,因为提问者具有"内行"、"知情"、"吹毛求疵"的特征.
提问者的目的和动机往往因人因时而异,或为澄清问题,或因特殊兴趣,或为表示异议,或旨在综合考察,亦或为获取资料等.
不同的发问目的和动机,形成了不同类型的提问;而不同类型的提问又具有不同的交际功能.
提问在学术演讲、专题讨论和即席答辩的交流互动中起着主导作用.
提问又与讨论交流的场景、对象、内容等因素密切相关.
因此,了解和熟悉专业演讲和学术讨论中提问者的基本特征,判断和区别不同类型的相关提问,把握和应用提问的语言策略和技巧,对于主动的专业交流和成功的学术答辩来说,无疑是十分重要的.
AClosingSpeech(1)MoreAboutConferencesPresidentMarionBoers,MadameTangWensheng,Mr.
ZhuYinghuang,ProfessorMartinMontgomery,distinguishedguests,friendsfromthemedia,ladiesandgentlemen,Goodmorning!
OnbehalfoftheFederationofTranslatorsandInterpretersofMacao(FTIM)Iamhonoredandprivilegedtomaketheconcludingspeech.
Ihavebutonlysevenletterstosharewithyou.
M"M"standsforMacao,whichhasbeenamultilingualandmulticulturalspace,afabulousbridgebetweentheEastandtheWest.
"M"alsostandsfor"messenger":Translatorsandinterpretersarelinguisticandculturalmessengers.
Lastnight,wecrossedthenewSaiWanBridgeonourwaytothebanquetinsidetheMacaoTower,andwesawthetwinMMarch.
Inmyidiosyncraticinterpretationofthearch,"MM"standsforProfessorMartinMontgomeryandMeifanginMacao.
Andthisconvincesmethat"M"alsostandsforthemarvelousteamoftheFITSixATForganizingcommittee,whichhasdoneamagnificentjob,withgreatsupportfromtheFITCouncilledbyMarionbutlittlehelpfromMaoofFTIM.
E"E"standsfor"expertise"and"experience"oftranslationscholarsandinterpreters.
"E"alsomeansexchangeofviewsandideason181Unit10DiscussionSessions(1):AskingQuestions正文U7-U14.
indd1812013.
7.
124:04:13PMtranslationandinterculturalcommunication.
Wehavehadanenergizingforumwithtwoexcitingsalons.
IparticularlyenjoyedtheinterestingstoriesandnarrativesbyMadameTangandMr.
Zhu.
Wealsohadanextremelyentertainingbanquet:wonderfulfood,wonderfulwine,wonderfulsinging,andwonderfuldancingledbyProfessorMartinMontgomery.
NowweknowthesecretwhyprofessorsatUMACaresuchFITpeople.
Peter,youarestillasFITasever.
I"I"standsforinformativekeynotespeechesandparallelsessionswithinsightful,interesting,andeveninspiringnotions,ideas,andargumentsthatwecanalltakehomewithus.
F"F"means"fun":Wearehereforseriousacademicexchangebutalsoforfun.
Ihopeyouhavehadfunbothinandoutsidetheconferencerooms.
"F"refersto"fantasticvenuesandfacilities".
"F"surelymeans"friendship":Wehavemetouroldfriendsandmadenewones.
Hopeyouhavenotonlycollectedabigpileofpapersandnamecardsbutalsoahugesuitcaseoffriendshiptotakehome,butpleasemakesureyoutakeyourheartwithyou.
Idon'twantyoutogohomeheartless.
Needlesstosaythatwehavehadgreatfood:teabreaks,lunches,andbanquet.
ItisonceagainprovedthatinMacaoyoumaylosemoneybutMacaoisnoplacetoloseweight.
A"A"isforAsia:ThisAsianTranslators'Forumhasattractedoverthreehundredparticipants.
Iwouldliketoonceagainthankallourguests,speakers,andparticipantsfromAsia,America,Africa,andotherpartsoftheglobe.
Italsostandsfor"amazement":Overthelasttwodays,we'vehadanamazingvarietyoftopicsonandapproachestotranslationandinterculturalcommunicationaswellasagreementsanddifferencesonmanyoftheseissues.
N"N"means"new":newfriends,newideasforanewstart.
Italsostandsfor"next":Attheforum,wehavebeentalkingaboutthepast,presentandfutureofinterculturalcommunication.
Wecamewithideasandexpectations,wesawfriendlyandprofessionaldebates,andweconqueredourfearofbeinginadequateasatranslatorandinterpreter.
Indeed,wecame,wesaw,weconquered.
Nowweneedtothinkabout"What'snext""Wheredowegofromhere""WhatdoweexpecttoachieveinthecomingthreeyearsbeforeournextconferenceinMalaysia"And"Whatspecificmeasuresdoweneedtotakeinordertoreachourobjectives"Toactornottoact,that'snotthequestion.
G"G"implies"graft":Macaoisahybridspaceintermsoflanguage,culture,andidentity.
Themetaphorofhybridityoriginatesfromgardening.
Askillfulgardenercangraftonepartofaplantontoanotherplant,creatingnewvarieties,suchasadifferently-coloredrose,orafruitthathasthecharacteristicsofbothanappleandapear.
Macaoislikesucharoseoranapple-pear.
Allthepartsofitsmake-up,whichhavebeengraftedintoitsculturalblend,becomeembracedasintegralpartsofanewwholewhichwecall"Macao".
Macao'scoreidentityisliketheseedfromwhichthewholeflowerbloomsorthewholenewfruitgrows.
Itistheproductofhybriditywhichisthemostsignificantpartofthewholebecauseitcontainsthepotentialforfuturegrowth.
Finally"G"standsfor"gratitude",gratitudetoyouall:(1)gratitudetoguestsofhonor,keynotespeakers,presenters,participants,forajobwelldone;(2)gratitudetoMacaoFoundationforitsmuchneededfinancialsupport;(3)gratitudetotheUniversityofMacau,teachersandstudents;and(4)gratitudetofellowsofFTIM.
M-E-I-F-A-N-GmeansMEIFANG("美芳")Thereforemyspecialthanksgoto(Prof.
Zhang)Meifangandhercolleagues.
"Mei"means"beautiful",and"fang"means"fragrant".
IhopeyouhavehadabeautifulforumandanicedoseoffragrantMacao.
Ladiesandgentlemen,haveamemorableculturaltourthisafternoon,andseeyouinMalaysiain2013.
国际会议交流182正文U7-U14.
indd1822013.
7.
124:04:14PMReflectionsandFurtherStudy1Workingroupsoffourorfive.
First,eachofyouchoosesonetopicandspendsafewminutesthinkingaboutit.
Then,supposeallofyouhavejustfinishedapresentationonthechosentopicandnowareexpectingquestions.
StudentAtellsthegroupabouthis/hertopicandtherestofthegroupmayaskquestionsregardingthetopic.
WhenStudentAfinishesansweringthequestions,StudentBdoesthesame.
Sodotherestofthegroup.
Trytoraisequestionsfordifferentpurposesdiscussedinthisunit.
2Interviewaveteranparticipantofinternationalconferencesorpressconferencesorotherformalprofessionaldiscussions.
Findwhetherhe/shehasbeenaskedanyrebukingquestionsorsensitivequestions.
Andiftheanswerisyes,howdidhe/shedealwiththem183Unit10DiscussionSessions(1):AskingQuestions正文U7-U14.
indd1832013.
7.
124:04:14PMSimulatedConferencePreparationQ&AContest(1)Workingroups.
Readthefollowingspeech.
…Infact,menaretheweakersex.
Thefemaleofalmostanyspeciesisstrongerthanthemale.
Dr.
JamesHamilton,aphysician,showsthatfromwormstohumansthemaleislessabletotoleratelife'severydaystresses.
"Therecanbelittledoubtthatthemalehadahigherdeathrateinalmostallformsofanimallifestudied.
"Evenduringthefirstweekoflife,thedeathrateforinfantmalesis32percentgreaterthanthatoffemales.
Lateroninlifethesocietyputsstrainonthemantocompete,produce,andsucceed;thisalsoaffectsthesurvivalrate.
True,manywomendoexperiencesomediscomforteachmonthduringmenstruation;someevenarequiteillforadayortwo.
Butmostwomendonotsufferwithanyreactions.
Federalsurveysineveryjobcategoryshowthatwomentakeoffthesameamountoftimefromworkasmen.
Althoughcryingisoftenanother"proof"ofawoman'sdifferencefromman,UnitedStatesPublicHealthdatashowthatfemaleshaveamuchlowersuiciderate—lessthanhalfthatofmales.
Isn'titbettertocryAndtherearenosexdifferencesinregardtoIQ(intelligencequotient).
Onallformsofintelligenceteststhefemale'sIQisnotsignificantlydifferentfromthemale's.
Womenare,inmyopinion,biologicallysuperiortomen.
Womenareactuallysuperiorinthemostfundamentalqualities.
Ofcourse,menaremoremuscular,butboththeactuarialstatisticsandtheaccountsofextendedhardshipshowthatwomenhavemorephysicalendurance.
Picturesofwomenrunnersattheendofmarathonsshowthemstillinagoodshapewhilethemenarecollapsing,thoughbothhavegiventheirbest.
Themenhaverunfaster,butthewomenhaveoutlastedthemenjustastheywillintheraceoflife.
Womenarealsoimmunetoanumberofsex-linkeddiseases,which,likehemophilia(血友病),theycarrywhilethemensuccumb.
Womenhaveachievedlessintheartsandsciences,butactuallytheirbrainsarebiggerinproportiontotheirweight.
Clearly,theyhavehadlesstimeandmotivationtocompete.
Trytoraiseatleastfivequestionswithdifferentpurposesorreasonsandgiveyourpossibleanswers.
Yourgroupleaderwillchairthemeeting.
StudentAraiseshis/herfirstquestion(nowhe/sheissupposedtobealistenerofthespeech)toStudentBinyourgroup,StudentB(nowhe/sheissupposedtobeaspeakerofthespeech)giveshis/heranswertoStudentA'squestion.
AfterStudentBfinishesansweringthequestion,itisStudentB'sturntoraisehis/herquestiontoStudentC.
Sodotherestofthegroup.
Chooseatleastfivemoreprofessionalandtactfulquestionsandanswersforthecontest.
Usethequestioningtechniquesyouhavelearnedinthisunit.
国际会议交流184正文U7-U14.
indd1842013.
7.
124:04:14PM