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MCSSEHandbook2019MaritiMeCOMMUniCatiOnssatellitesysteMsandeqUipMent2AustralianMaritimeCollege2014Published2014.
Revised2015.
Revised2016.
Revised2019.
Thisworkiscopyright.
ApartfromanyuseaspermittedundertheCopyrightAct1968,nopartmaybeproducedbyanyprocesswithoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromtheAustralianMaritimeCollege(AMC).
Requestsandinquiriesconcerningreproductionandrightsshouldbeaddressedto:AustralianMaritimeCollege,TheManager,OfficeofMaritimeCommunications,LockedBag1394,LauncestonTasmania7250Email:amcom@amc.
edu.
auInternet:www.
amc.
edu.
au/marineradio3FOREWORDThistextisrecommendedasthestudyguideforcandidatesundertakingtheexaminationfortheMarineSatelliteCommunicationsEndorsement(MSCEalsoknownasSatcom).
ProceduresandrequirementsoutlinedinthetextarebasedontheInternationalRadioRegulationsformulatedbytheInternationalTelecommunicationUnion(ITU),onprovisionsgoverningtheuseofradiotransmittersinAustralialaiddownintheRadiocommunicationsAct1992,andonradiocommunicationsstationlicenceconditionssetbytheAustralianCommunicationsandMediaAuthority(ACMA).
InformationaboutobtainingtheMSCEqualificationforoperatorswithInmarsatsatellitecommunications(compulsorilyorvoluntarilyfitted)isavailableonthewebatwww.
amc.
edu.
au/marineradio4CONTENTSGENERALINFORMATION,EXAMINATIONSANDREPLACEMENTS.
5MaritimeCommunicationsSatelliteSystemsandEquipment:GeneralInformation.
7TheInternationalMaritimeSatelliteOrganisation.
7InmarsatSystem.
7InmarsatSystemStations.
8CommunicationsServices.
8TypesofInmarsatShipTerminals8INMARSAT-CShIPEARThSTATIONS.
9CommunicationsCapability.
.
9TerminalEquipment9PrinciplesofOperation10Logging-inandLogging-outProcedures10InterfacewithNavigationalEquipment.
10INMARSATENhANCEDGROuPCALLINGRECEIvERS11GeneralInformation11BroadcastsofEGCMessages12BroadcastsofSafetyNETInformation12INMARSATFLEETF77EQUIPMENT.
13GeneralInformation13ExaminationRequirementsfortheMarineSatelliteCommunicationsEndorsement(Satcom)14INTERNETwEBSITESFORGENERALINTEREST15CONTACTDETAILS.
155a)thatthecandidatealreadyholdsoneofthefollowingcertificatesofproficiency:LongRangeOperatorCertificateofProficiencyShortRangeOperatorCertificateofProficiencyMarineRadioOperatorsCertificateofProficiencyMarineRadioOperatorsVHFCertificateofProficiencyRestrictedRadiotelephoneOperatorsCertificateofProficiency3rdClassCommercialOperatorsCertificateofProficiencyFirstClassCommercialOperatorsCertificateofProficiencySecondClassCommercialOperatorsCertificateofProficiencyRadiocommunicationsOperatorsGeneralCertificateofProficiencyAnoverseasqualificationconsideredbytheACMAtobeanequivalentofoneoftheabove;b)thatacopyofthiscertificateissubmittedtotheOMCwiththecandidate'sexaminationpapers;andc)thatthecandidateissixteenyearsofageorover(Currentlegislationdoesnotpermittheissueofacertificateofproficiencytoacandidateundertheageofsixteen.
Candidatesmustbeof16yearsofagebeforebeingacceptedforexamination).
Certificatesofendorsementswillbeissuedtosuccessfulcandidates.
Allcandidatesarerequiredtoproduceproofofidentityandageatthetimeofexamination.
AnapplicationtobeexaminedforanMSCEismadetotheOMC.
ExaminationsfortheMSCEareonlyavailableatorganisationswithsuitableInmarsatequipmentorsimulationofInmarsatequipmentavailablefortraining.
Thetrainermustbesuitablyqualifiedtothesamelevelthatthetrainingisbeingconductedto.
Revisionsquestionsareavailableathttp://www.
amc.
edu.
au/handbooks.
Examinationfeesarecharged,currentfeesareavailableathttp://www.
amc.
edu.
au/omc-fees.
Ifanoperator'scertificateofendorsementislost,mutilatedordestroyed,orachangeofnamehasoccurred,theholdermayobtainareplacementbymakingwrittenapplicationtotheOMC.
GENERALINFORMATION,EXAMINATIONSANDREPLACEMENTSCurrentlyexaminationandcertificationservicesforthesatelliteendorsementisprovidedthroughtheOfficeofMaritimeCommunications(OMC)attheAustralianMaritimeCollegeonbehalfoftheAustralianCommunicationsandMediaAuthority.
Inthishandbook,theOfficeofMaritimeCommunicationswillbereferredtoastheOMC,theAustralianMaritimeCollegetheAMC,andtheAustralianCommunicationsandMediaAuthorityastheACMA.
SyllabifortheMSCEandtheexaminationquestionswillprimarilybebasedonthesymbolisedsectionsshowinga.
Anexaminationwillnormallyconsistofawrittenexercise.
TheOMCwillonlyissuetheMSCEtoasuccessfulcandidateprovidingthefollowingconditionsaremet:6WhereissueofareplacementMSCEisrequiredbecauseofdamageorchangeofname,theoriginalcertificateofendorsementshouldaccompanytheapplication.
Inthecaseofchangeofname,documentaryproofofthechangeshouldbeincluded;forexample,amarriagecertificateordeedpolldocument.
AfeeischargedforthereplacementofaMSCEcurrentfeesareavailableathttp://www.
amc.
edu.
au/omc-fees.
ItisintheinterestsofcandidatesapplyingforareplacementforalostMSCEtoprovideinformationregardingtheplaceandapproximatedateoforiginalissue.
CandidatesfortheMSCEwhohavelostthecertificateofproficiency,needingtobeendorsed,maysubmitanapplicationandfeeforareplacementcertificateatthesametimeassittingfortheMSCE.
TheMSCEwillnotbeissuedifnorecordcanbefoundofthecertificatetobereplaced.
Referhttp://www.
amc.
edu.
au/replacement-marine-radio-operators-certificatesforfurtherinformationaboutreplacementofcertificates.
7thePacificOceanRegion(POR);at143.
5°EasttheIndianOceanRegion(IOR);at25°EasttheAtlanticOceanEastRegion(AOREast)and;at54°WesttheAtlanticOceanWestRegion(AORWest)at98°WestInmarsatsatelliteplacementandcoverageMaritimeCommunicationsSatelliteSystemsandEquipment:GeneralInformationTheInternationalMaritimeSatelliteOrganisationstem8InmarsatSystemStationsCommunicationsServicesAnInmarsatinstallationaboardanyvesselisreferredtoasaShipEarthStation(SES).
EachoceanregionhasanumberofLandEarthStations(LES)whichprovidethecommunicationsinterfacebetweenvesselsatseaandshorebasedtelecommunicationsnetworks.
ThisfunctionisfullyautomatedandiseffectivelytransparentasfarastheInmarsatsystemuserisconcerned.
EachLEShasanassociatedMaritimeRescueCo-ordinationCentre(MRCC).
TheAustralianLESislocatedatPerthWAandservesthe)Pacific(POR)oceanregions.
ItsassociatedMRCCislocatedinCanberraandisoperatedbyAMSA.
EachoceanregionhasaNetworkCo-ordinationStation(NCS)whichisresponsiblefortheoverallmanagementfortheexchangeoftrafficinitsregion.
Operatingatultrahighfrequencies(UHF)inthe1.
5to1.
6GHzandsuperhighfrequencies(SHF)inthe4to6GHzbands,theInmarsatsystemprovidesthefollowingtypesofcommunications:PrioritydistressfacilitiesexistforShipEarthStations.
Onceavesselselectsandtransmitsa'distresspriority'signal,thecallisautomaticallyroutedtoanappropriateMaritimeRescueCo-ordinationCentre.
TyPESOFINMARSATSHIPTERMINALSInmarsat-Cprovidesadata(telex)exchangeinthestoreandforwardmode.
Thismeansthatthereisnorealtimeconnectionbetweentheoriginatingstationandthereceivingstation,anddeliverymaybeintheorderof2to7minutes.
Inmarsat-Cdoesnotprovidetelephonecommunications(voice).
InmarsatFleetF77isequippedtomeetthelatestdistressandsafetyrequirementsasspecifiedbytheInternationalMaritimeOrganisation(IMO)inresolutionA.
888forvoicepre-emptionandprioritisationwithintheGlobalMaritimeDistressandSafetySystem(GMDSS).
InmarsatFleetF77wasapprovedbyIMO'sMaritimeSafetyCommittee(MSC75)asmeetingtherequirementsandrecommendedfittingonvesselsparticipatingwithintheGMDSS.
ThefirstInmarsatFleetservice,FleetF77,providesforvoicecommunicationbyconnectingtothetelephonenetworkandboththehighqualityandspeedofafull64kbit/sMobileISDNserviceandtheflexibilityoftheInmarsatMobilePacketDataService(MPDS).
9Inmarsat-CisatwowaydatamessagingsystemthatenablesuserstotransmitandreceivemessagestoandfromotherShipEarthStationsaswellastelexanddatasubscribersanywhereintheworld.
Inmarsat-Cdoesnotprovidevoicecommunications.
TheInmarsat-Cserviceoperatesonastoreandforwardbasis.
Amessagemustbecompletelyassembledbytheoperatorpriortotransmission.
Oncommandtheequipmenttransmitsthatmessageinpackets(orbursts)ofdata.
TheroutinedeliverytimeforanInmarsat-Cmessagedependsonmessagelengthbutisintheorderoftwotosevenminutes.
Oncethemessageissuccessfullydelivered,adeliveryadvicemessagewillbesenttotheoriginatingstation.
theInmarsat-CserviceallowsthenecessaryinterchangeofdatatosupporttheVesselMonitoringSystem(VMS)usedbyfisheriesmanagementauthoritiesinAustraliaandotherpartsoftheworld.
AnInmarsat-CShipEarthStationconsistsofanantenna,anelectronicsunit,amessageprocessor,avisualdisplayunit(VDu),keyboardandprinter.
themessageprocessormaycontainafloppydiskdriveforstoringtransmittedandreceivedmessages.
AnEnhancedGroupCalling(EGC)receiverwillbeincorporated.
Transmittedmessagesarepreparedonthekeyboardpriortotransmissionormaybetransferredbyfloppydiskfromothercomputersources.
ReceivedmessageswillbeavailableontheVDuand/ortheprinter.
Theterminalwillprovideanaudibleand/orvisualalarmtoalertavessel'swatchkeepertothereceptionofanydistressorotherimportantmessagereceivedbytheEnhancedGroupCallingsystem.
Operatorsshouldtakecarethatcomputervirusinfectionisnottransferredtotheterminalsoftware.
Inmarsat-Conlyrequiresanarrowbandwidthofradiospectrumtoenablecommunications.
Asaconsequence,onlyrelativelylowpowerisrequiredtocommunicatewiththesatellites,andasmall,lightweightomnidirectional(radiatingequallyinalldirections)antennaisnecessary.
Theomnidirectionalcharacteristicsoftheantennameanthatitrequiresnomovingpartsandstabilisationagainstvesselmovementisnotnecessary.
Ideally,anInmarsat-Cterminalshouldbeinterfacedwithsatelliteposition-fixingequipmentsuchasGPS,toprovidecurrentpositioninformationintheeventofadistresssituation.
CommunicationsCapabilityTerminalequipmentInmarsat-CShipEarthStations10InterfacewithNavigationalEquipmentPRINCIPLESOFOPERATIONTheInmarsat-CsystemusesfourNetworkCo-ordinationStations(NCS),oneineachoftheoceanregions,tomanagecommunicationswithinthatregionandthesattellite.
TheNetworkCo-ordinationStationsarelinkedtoLandEarthStationsbyProprietyDataNetworks.
EachNCStransmitscontinuouslyonaspecialsatellitechannelknownastheNCScommonchannelwhichisusedforthebroadcastofserviceinformationandEnhancedGroupCalling(EGC)informationtoShipEarthStations.
However,beforeInmarsat-CserviceisavailabletoaShipEarthStation(SES)itisnecessaryforthatSEStobelogged-intotheNCSintheappropriateoceanregion.
Oncelogged-intheSESequipmentcontinuouslymonitorstheNCScommonchannelwheninanidlecondition(thatis,whennotperformingothertasks).
ByusingtheinformationcontainedontheNCScommonchannel,theSESequipmentcanautomaticallygainaccesstoaworkingchannelforaparticularLandEarthStationforthetransmissionorreceptionofamessage.
LOGGING-INANDLOGGING-OUTPROCEDURESOninitialswitch-onandwhenevertheequipmenthasbeenswitchedoff,itisnecessaryfortheoperatorofanInmarsat-CShipEarthStationtoperformalog-in.
ThissimpleproceduresynchronisestheSES'sterminaltotheNCScommonchannelandinformstheNCSthattheSESisoperational.
SomemodelsofInmarsat-Cwillperformthistaskautomaticallyonswitch-on.
Asavesseltransitsfromoneoceanregiontoanother,itisnecessarytochangethelog-in(forexamplefromtheIndianOceanNCStothePacificOceanNCS).
SomemodelsofInmarsat-Cwillperformthistaskautomaticallywhileothersrequireoperatorintervention.
AdistressalertcanstillbetransmittedeveniftheShipEarthStationisnotlogged-in.
If,foranyreason,theterminalistobeswitchedoffforanextendedtime,theoperatorshouldperformalogging-outprocedure.
FailuretodothismeansthattheterminalremainsregisteredwiththeNetworkCo-ordinationStationasactiveandaLandEarthStationmaykeeptryingtodeliveramessage.
Thismayresultinanunnecessarydelayinadvisingthesenderofnon-deliveryofamessageandchargesfortherepeatedattempts.
UsuallyaShipEarthStationterminalwillbeinterfacedwiththevessel'ssatelliteposition-fixingequipment(forexampleGPS)toprovideaccurateandcurrentpositioninformationinthecaseofadistressalert.
Thisinformationresidesinthememoryoftheequipment'sdistressalertgenerator.
Accuratepositioninformationisalsonecessarytoensurethattheterminal'sEnhancedGroupCallingreceiverrespondstoshore-to-shipdistressalertsandotherimportantmessageswhicharerelevanttothevessel'sposition.
OnvesselswheretheInmarsat-Cterminalisnotinterfacedwithposition-fixingequipment,itisessentialthatthevessel'sposition,courseandspeedaremanuallyenteredbytheoperatoratintervalsnotexceeding4hours.
MostmodernInmarsat-CterminalshaveaninbuiltGPSreceiver.
11GeneralInformationInmarsatEnhancedGroupCallingReceiversTheInmarsatsystemprovidesaserviceknownasEnhancedGroupCalling(EGC)whichprovidesthebroadcastofinformationtoselectedShipEarthStationsinanoceanregion.
Thisinformationincludesmaritimesafetyinformation(MSI)thatincludesdistressalerts,navigationalwarnings,meteorologicalwarningsandforecasts,andotherimportantsafetyinformationforvessels.
AnEGCreceiverisincorporatedintoInmarsat-Cequipment.
TwotypesofEGCmessagesareavailableSafetyNETandFleetNET(bothnamesareregisteredtrademarksofInmarsat).
SafetyNETallowsauthorisedorganisationstobroadcastshore-to-shipmaritimesafetyinformation.
Authorisedorganisationsinclude:hydrographicoffices,fornavigationalwarnings;meteorologicaloffices,forweatherwarningsandforecasts;andmaritimerescueco-ordinationcentres,forshoretoshipdistressalerts,searchandrescuecommunicationsandotherurgentorimportantinformation.
FleetNETallowsauthorisedorganisationstobroadcastinformationtoselectedgroupsofShipEarthStations.
TheselectedSESsmaybelongtoaparticularfleetorflag,orbearegisteredsubscribertoacommercialservice.
Authorisedusersinclude;shipowners,forthebroadcastoffleetorcompanyinformation;government's,forthebroadcastofmessagestoaparticularcountry'svessels;andnewssubscriptionservices,forthebroadcastofnewsbulletins.
BasicconceptoftheInmarsatEnhancedGroupCallingSystem(theshadedareaindicatesfunctionsoftheSafetyNetService)12BroadcastsofEGCMessagesAnEGCmessage,whetherSafetyNETorFleetNET,isbroadcastoveranentireoceanregionandisreceivedbyallShipEarthStationswhicharetunedtotheNetworkCo-ordinationStationcommonchannel.
However,themessageisonlyacceptedbythoseEGCreceiverswhichareinthegeographicalareaspecifiedbytheauthorisedinformationprovider,orhavebeenprogrammedtoacceptthatparticulartypeofEGCmessage.
AllotherEGCreceiversrejectthemessage.
EGCaddressselectionsthatmaybespecifiedbyanauthorisedinformationproviderare:vesselswithinafixed,oruniquelydefined,geographicalarea;vesselsbelongingtoaparticularflagorfleet;aparticularvessel;andallvesselswithinanoceanregion.
AllEGCmessagescarryauniquecodingwhichallowstheEGCreceivertoautomaticallysuppressstorageandprintingofmessagesthatarereceivedmorethanonceiftheoriginalmessagehasbeencorrectlyreceived.
BROADCASTSOFSAFETyNETINFORMATIONInformationprovidersofmaritimesafetyinformationmakeuseoftheEGCsystem'sgeographicalareaaddressingcapabilities.
Forexample,EGCmessagescontainingweatherforecastsandnavigationalwarningswillnormallybesenttofixedareas,whileEGCmessagesconcerningalocalstormwarningordistressalertrelaywillbesenttoauniquelydefinedarea.
InformationaboutEGCbroadcastsofweatherforecastsandwarningsbytheBureauofMeteorologycanbeobtainedfromtheBureau'swebsite(www.
bom.
gov.
au).
ThedecisionmadebyaShipEarthStation'sEGCreceivertoacceptorrejectsuchmessagesisentirelyelectronicandreliessolelyoncomparisonwiththegeographicalpositiondatawhichresidesinthememoryoftheEGCfacility.
ThereforeitisessentialthattheEGCfacilityiscontinuouslyprovidedwithcorrectvesselpositioninformation.
Ifaninterfacewithasatellitepositionfixingequipmentisnotprovided,theEGCfacilityshouldbemanuallyupdatedatintervalsnotexceedingfourhours.
OnmostInmarsat-Cequipment,thepositionroutinelyenteredintothedistressalertgenerator,eithermanuallyorelectronicallybyaninterface,alsoupdatestheEGCfacility.
FailuretoupdatetheEGCfacilitywiththepositionwithina12hourintervalwillresultintheEGCreceiveracceptingallmaritimesafetyinformationwithprioritieshigherthan'routine'fortheentireoceanregion,regardlessofthespeciedgeographicaladdress.
OperatorsofInmarsat-CShipEarthStationswhichincorporateanEGCfacilityshouldobtainacopyoftheAustralianMarineNoticewhichdetailsthearrangementsforthepromulgationofmaritimesafetyinformationviaInmarsat'sEGCsystem.
FurtherinformationisavailablefromtheAustralianMaritimeSafetyAuthority's(AMSA)Internetsite(http://www.
amsa.
gov.
au).
FurtherinformationregardingbroadcastsofSafetyNETinformationcanbefoundintheAustralianGMDSSHandbookalsoavailablefromAMSAofces.
Operatorsshouldalsoconsulttheequipmentmanufacturer'shandbookforspecicinstructionsonhowtoprogrammetheEGCfacilitytoensurethatrelevantinformationisreceivedand,ifrequired,printed.
Receptionofshoretoshipdistressalertsandmessageswhichcarryan'urgentpriority'willbemarkedbyaudibleand/orvisualalarmstoattracttheattentionofavessel'swatchkeeper.
13INMARSATFLEETF77EQUIPMENTGENERALINFORMATIONInmarsatFleetF77isequippedtomeetthelatestdistressandsafetyrequirementsasspecifiedbytheInternationalMaritimeOrganisation(IMO)inresolutionA.
888forvoicepre-emptionandprioritisationwithintheGlobalMaritimeDistressandSafetySystem(GMDSS).
InmarsatFleetF77wasapprovedbyIMO'sMaritimeSafetyCommittee(MSC75)asmeetingtherequirementsandrecommendedfittingonvesselsparticipatingwithintheGMDSS.
ThefirstInmarsatFleetservice,FleetF77,providesforvoicecommunicationbyconnectingtothetelephonenetworkandboththehighqualityandspeedofafull64kbit/sMobileISDNserviceandtheflexibilityoftheInmarsatMobilePacketDataService(MPDS).
14EXAMINATIONREQUIREMENTSFORTHEMARINESATELLITECOMMUNICATIONSENDORSEMENT(SATCOM)Candidatesrequireanunderstandingof:TheconceptsunderlyingtheInmarsatsatellitesystem,includinglocationofsatellites,globalcoverage,oceanregions,networkco-ordinationandcontrolstationsandlandearthstations.
Theworldwiderescueco-ordinationcentre(RCC)networkandautomaticroutingofdistressmessages.
Candidatesrequireadetailedknowledgeof:-Transmissionandreceptionofdistressalerts-Theprocedurestofollowintheadventofafalsedistressalerttransmission-Transmissionandreceptionofpriorityalerts-TheEnhancedGroupCallingsystemforreceptionofMaritimeSafetyInformationMaritimeSafetyInformationserviceproviders.
Candidatesrequireaknowledgeof:thefunctionalityofInmarsattypeCandFleetF77equipment.
Antennastabilizationandshadows.
RadiationhazardsassociatedwithInmarsatequipmentinstallations.
InterfacingwithnavigationalequipmentandmanualpositionupdatingofInmarsatC.
logging-inandlogging-outofInmarsatC.
-ReceptionofEGCmessages-Transmissionandreceptionofroutineorgeneralcommunications-Twodigitspecialaccesscodes-AuthorisedusersofSafetyNET-AuthorisedusersofFleetNET15contactdetailswww.
acma.
gov.
auAustralianCommunications&MediaAuthoritywww.
amsa.
gov.
auAustralianMaritimeSafetyAuthoritywww.
training.
gov.
auTheNationalRegisteronV.
E.
Twww.
bom.
gov.
auBureauofMeteorologywww.
cospas-sarsat.
orgCospas-SarsatSystemwww.
imo.
orgInternationalMaritimeOrganisationwww.
inmarsat.
comInternationalMaritimeSatelliteServicewww.
itu.
intInternationalTelecommunicationsUnionInternetwebsitesforgeneralinterestAustralianMaritimeCollege(AMC)Internetwww.
amc.
edu.
au/marineradioCentralofficeMaritimewayNewnhamTAS7248orLockedBag1394LauncestonTAS7250Freecall1300365262Telephone(03)63249869email:amcom@amc.
edu.
auAustralianSearchandrescue(adivisionoftheAustralianMaritimeSafetyAuthority)GPoBox2181CanberraACT2601email:aussarquery@amsa.
gov.
auemergencyPhoneNumbers:1800641792AustralianCommunications&MediaAuthority(ACMA)Internetwww.
acma.
gov.
auCentraloffice-CanberraredBuilding,BenjaminofficesChanStreetBelconnenACT2616PoBox78BelconnenACT2616Telephone(02)62195555Facsimile(02)62195353OutsideSydney,Brisbane,Melbourne,PerthandCairnsareas:Telephone:1300850115(Acalltothisnumbercanbemadefromoutsidethelistedareasandwillbechargedatthelocalrate,exceptformobilephones,whicharetimed.
)BureauofMeteorologyInternetwww.
bom.
gov.
auHeadoffice-Melbourne700CollinsStreetdocklandsVIC3000PoBox1289MelbourneVIC3001Telephone(03)96694000Facsimile(03)9669469916MaritiMeCoMMuniCationssatellitesysteMsandequipMentnOTESAustralianMaritimeCollege201ISBN0644294183FirstpublishedfRevised2013.
Revised2014.
Thisworkiscopyright.
anTheManager,LockedBag1394,LauncestonTasmaniaEmail:amcom@amc.
edu.
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