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wb*dSb%1pp¨w%wubíeub1¨11dq¨%P%1bwS1d21b÷¤'iéBB&é2§b&(¤úsmF6áPbbPu1V0ubeGbPu0Subw1ubu%p(eb¨ST11R1bSb`1SwpeG0SubbPip6PPR0b1uX1díib%1pp1ub%p0SòG¨drfwpRrpDube1dwdp{wdá8V1RPs¤8R1PuPV1P1ubdbb1S%u¨1¨1GPw11Gw%ì1wV1011ub021§pB§÷bV%8§6&%§6ww1p¤8Gbf1dp1de11PpVGb%bw1f{wP¨GáXfwSuu1b¨{XwPPVBib1bá%11SVG#PwP%p10bS0bTwPuu1¨ww1ubu%pebnei%PibSbGpw101b11bwáp1bP0puwSb¨w¨Gp1de1wGwubbw¨wTu11dq¨ndq¨w0ip00b1u1u1dp1dp¨n%¨w1w011ubTá`ebV0bf1uPPuF0brRw1ubud`1{fb0b`R¨(ewG'%bSqhbdbw*bbe11b1bb1Suì1Bb¨uóSwP1wb%bbc`wb*6b1XXb¨0ebbPusú%F&('P§6bGS1web%b%ieTbF%u{V0V¨uP0d6¨w*%He¨1urqVu¨Tf1Vi1uu1dfH%0e·Rfq°DGgfDhT13rèuuDDpqw1¨q%1fpR1d01b`DS1u¨PP01pb1db%S1%¨dpFwPueunu%1db1¨iGbfw%S1wp%¨wbubSu0¨wá%Gie01bw¨i0Suuw011utXSw1ì%p1%bGdR1GóSb¨btu1b1wugiPPubb11dumFubwbbPP!
S%¨PtfpR1dn01b0ub1wSpub1w¨d0Gdwd¨dVb%b1uuw1¨1upw11Gw%PueG%b%V¨11%1uPBPpVuuw18qwáêju¨db%0SwPR¤1P%Pfvf1Gdueb1ubPb1%0iu1u¨bklmlêyngon1mF¨GGàPárypeCeCkb6prqtsuwvexgysz'{|A}a~g0azys1ubáPwb%uV1GwS#11p%u1wP10bT011¨wcSb%hwuPpedepeb1uunu1uV0uS1bwbì1uupi1%1¨wS1%¨d1ubu%u1b%ì1¨fb0¨dp¨wbf11ubbDbcpeCe%pá9ybGbpeCebS1uwuSu¨0¨qfqbPuáPtXwbX%1bò%¨dSwbdq%p0Sub01dpib1bcbP0p¨wiá1p11b¨P1ubTfb0¨dp1ubndb11bbu8p1ubGDbi11b1utbd61wif11iuq%PuRi1%wb1bi1b1dSfb011¨ww¨wu!
X1%ubbfwSuupttXPGS1%¨dFb1{bFfwSuuDeww`01b`V81d60Sd011ubTáwx0á9wxfeb*à*gk#Gxfewàskde*bT%u1011ub%bf1d6eb!
ewV01bái¨Gu%PuwxeàbààpV0#bw1%!
V81Tá&xu%áduwGfwSuuwxfeb*à*gkVubu11d6bwptX%uewG%b%1bpeCe%6áu#1bwS1u%p{1wP10bfuSubu!
¨S¨0p#11tX#bptX0SubTprq#~3{}a~g0azystXb%1pp1ubGDb0S1Cvf!
bu%1¨wwVu11ww100b1P%1¨1uVG#Pd11{Vb1ipiuPdibPubP1pp1ubG1GpuSwV%Pi1ipVGiPS01dSfbGSuuebb1%VbfbPu011ubTp{wdáubi%u1%bGS1wttX0SubuPfi1VGìwP11Pd11V0Pbu!
Xi!
fP0u%piXpu0upvwPcww100SubbG1dpiw1d0p¨i0qu{0b11wufubu%u1V¨1fpRStuXSf1w¨%ebbPuPwbXe1dwd1b011ubXb¨w¨%1eb1%S1¨0S1bGnXS1u¨1p¨p!
b1%PP0p¨wPpfb0B1%uwSwáiRRw0(if0bifPPíSf11GpuPPiífwSuunp1S1P1bSdáPw¨ebwP10b(11¤ztXe1ddBnwP¨1ubTáPp11XGw%¨011bubd011¨we1w01bSBP¨wSi%%1b1bn0ybHq0w101510131011109107105103101Efficiency1081010101210141016101810201022Frequency(Hz)1197531log(Efficiency)LαELαEdot1.
6LαEdot1.
5LαEdotLαEdot0.
5F§¨ez1pe'·iRw|q)X|6~0}RSw)}wP}wq)6eReSzieS6~uq|w|z8|wiq}Rqw||6w8ziB}6rz)zwq|6B|}~P|8|zrq~uq|w|z13X¨b||V!
S|VIr(HP~0}!
b|S0b%uVu%u1w61uV¨1PGSudP001u1¨w%wVfnw%1b#ebdàbTb0Vu¨uu1bumFu%X6Bb8¨wTáb01bb%ìpu¨u0SdbG0GXbbunG1b0SdttXSwVcSx{bPhi%wpeCepewRiu6BwP¨1ubTáuGwfdeb%eásGpebàPXêbàpáG%bdpàb%GCkw*zepàb¨d¨S%¨PtfpR1d01bRpwtXPP!
%Xwb1dSfbGP¨%wPuP1ubTáwBwbcáf80u%S1%6¨w1bbttXP1bF01b¨1Ptu¨w1bdáDx0ptu¨w1bdb%0PuBbd%uu¨w%8D1pS1bedp1dDbww10V011¨w#GPb%¨ditGdbduV0b1wáG1d6iáTb¨ubdnV¨11uu0bPuF1bò%uwm%bgx0pt¨ub01bw¨x0¨1¨(GbrfP1wrb¨rb10fSwbuPtX1Gd6Pb11dSF1¨u!
Gp{10XTV%¨0q0Suw1!
w¨01dGqi0b¨u0u¨wV¨1bPubFwbX%u1mFu%uubápR0PuBw8!
Spi1%1F1%bG#wP11iuSubV¨1n%btf%PòG¨dprqS3{}0~u0rzyR#wptX011¨wV00ubu0SdiáGdb%iábiiub%1¨wá`bwP11w1ubuT10b1u0ptXP1d61ubGáwTáxu%áXuxHewàbàgà%áxXàsewrà%áxX&ew*rkdkb%xdwàgp1wG%b%1bpeCe%bfyi%wpedepeb!
1dw!
iu{q%uu¨PwufbbG¨dVw1fbb%dDp{bw1w¨dVP1b1PG%PwV1Gd61f%bP%áiS%bbdq¨%1%áiu¨wu1%bPu%ább10XPRbuGwSDbubuubRS1%PuRVRG11ewDdáb%Rdw0ebp¨1urqVu¨Tf1Vi1uu1V0ínP11ub%wfíSwbdqi1wáF1¨w¨òGb%uw0upRáb1%uP11ub0Gb1bfw18¨wbu%uPripVwPu%uV¨1íb0P8ò%dwbXnGw¨1b%biubuGPu%p11b%u%Xbbf11uw%1uS1wV¨11%w1bD0bS0bptX%uá1pV1GqwPptXSwebbu¨nbcFwb*6èu¨1fbueb1ubuVSuTáP1%GtXuw1¨q1GeGwbSuPBPpVuuw18qíybpedebbpT8¨pubáT¨V¨uS1PubwPw8eqV1dSb%P0pxR#i1%Pub%1bdfX#1Gd61e1Ggxá4wX1%bu1fP0S1ub01fq{n1bPwb%fb0nPPGwubPP11w%S1wuSubbuwSbPb1pSi{bíGwubbwPb%Pf6DPStsv(1%1Gd61P1fxRò%0%1bP¨wTB#b1bSá11Gd61(PGd61dew1b1bSu¨du%1ppbP0p¨wu¨¨1G1b%ui1%1ub%V%buewGb%1bpeded·fi°f±ffD¤ff·uame·Rfa&°DfufDh§°T°D±X·¨°wbwub{bPu0SdRGb{GP1GS1%¨d#ub%ubuuVwb6áwxfewàskde*bíbw%S1bhbpeCew6áb%1%u¨u0SdbG01bxwCgpneb%Xx!
bw#dbbwRdbw*6áxpdpkbhdwb%%qbpeCe%b%ep3g7kppbS%FpeCeCkb6{bi¨Pò%¨1ubnb0V01V0P%1¨q#u1ubu0SV%u0Vb%He1bn18qw0qu1%pbSpqw1¨quáwíe¨i¨iiSubu%u1%PdHe1udbPGS¨qbá%u{V8wubw!
01!
S%pPwSubGf0Sdd1R{edeCe¨d{1b%u1iFB1S1uw¨wáp10f¨0ru01bV¨1wubw%u1!
u1¨wu%u%PdGb1b1bwb{urbb1b001bp{wdáiu`101bb10SP11dw1w¨db1wwe11dS%uSG01%ubdq#S1u1dwuò%u1ubuu%Pc6qwb%bbcwb*%á(1mF¨Gi*w6t0dVu01u1dn1P1uRwub%u1%P80u1S1u1Gpu1wGSqì1nwP1bb1SXbd6b0u1nwPuuSub1%uwnw1ubuì%pu1wbS1dewubPt1wí011ubTB%Pdiá{1b00SdP0S0bebbibPuuPbGd!
Gb¨ub%V8ttXb%GêXwptX0SubícSVbb9hywbGqbpedebámF¨GG*w01bwSwwnb¨w¨Táu%P01u1%1bnb%1bdìb0Subw0fubiwtPP%6bw%bwPu1ubnPd1uw0nP0uwi%1%bóubPm%1dwbfbS1bpSwPu1Gb1u1bòG¨penCvfSuhbi¨Gdbw*6áRw1dS¨bSGíG11u¨i%1PP%b%bb10bmFnu¨wv(0pb%bX01f11uíPupwsbpúGù21&f'P§!
wb%%qbpeCe%Vu%Xwfeb%%ewD7xu0RbxXseb*kCk%1%u1wG1p|HeCeTebS1uubGVuPTr%bw1btS1%1D1iu%bcpeCewub0u16áTb%(PdnHeCePGd6P%18qp!
e$p§&f'PX§p{wdáP1%%XbbupS¨v(w1n0ybHq0d%u1u1w1d%nP%1¨q1%u%b1pV0iT7x{Pwb¨áGf01b%í1GXbub%bb10ò%upubi¨u%P1Xbbb%ub%#f01bVb1ub1wSwcSàm`u%*60.
0010.
010.
1Period(sec)104105106Magneticfieldatlightcylinder(Gauss)CrabB1937+21B182124B054069J0218+4232VelaB170644B182030AJ18111925J05376910J2229+61143C58B1957+20F§¨0rdzw|q)i|¨tBq|zqFq|D))dpb))zib|6D())8|b¨}dzwq¤w)qqw|q|q|6P}qTSw)}Vzw8w|zw|qdRdb8}cw)|Tw8qqFq|B}6rz8|qpiq|w)qqrqb|q|q|6d8zp)B||)BB)}dzq|BbBq}dwziw|pP}6w|`|8w)qz`¨CjP±yqB}6B}6))|6Pc)q}d8zq3°¤B||Dq|11÷FùP!
w)B|Rbq}i)|}~`¨Ciw±d¨i'yprs±)zqw|r±¤X|dì|z|1qizRbq|B|zpq|6p±FwBz}|1D¤(Ir(H¨iq}diVrqqA¤X|dF|P}X¨wPwq}(i6tBq}|¤r¨iF8b)|VziSw)}w8B|{wq})|V}dwS)z|6±dqDBP|q¤!
S|r|D¤±d¨¨d1A|Bq)6fBq}rr)zib)6q|q|!
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1fPu1d6w%SSpp¨w%Fu¨nfqb¨b0u1rb8bPuFu1¨wb1pedebebbáFn061#bd¨V01%#bPuu1¨ww1ubu%pebuw11%S1u011bbáFV¨uwí1w0SubX%#1f1dpe%SVwPbGSdw%1ubáib%{b%u#VPfVbb¨ubwbRbPubwPt1w%1bò%¨dá`bqiuu¨b%1bdi1b¨ubw0bP1bdiá(¨ubebb0dá(1bGS1wnbPu#uSubXnG!
Pfvf1ww1ubu#Gb0p1d11GpVpR%¨w#%buu1lD%1t1bRbfbXfb%10Pb10bS0bbPu01báfV¨ub¨b%uw0Sb1iwtPP%6w1wn1PSd1un0S1wPmGbfbpeUwtR1%01wSwáGb01b1wuGw%1uP1dwDuDuub%RbPu1bwáw1¨uubr1wqxeà&ker*bVubw1u¨k¨1urqVu¨Tf1Vi1uu1wubwV%u1u1¨wbw%S1bhVb%peCewwfH%à·t·¤°0fx{wS%1u1b1¨pb1u1ub%bub1n%1d0S¨wáTRq%P(vfd6T1%`P11D1w%p¨wbr%u1ewSBPu%1¨w%1%w1ubnuu¨0Sdw01bb1{1%VqrGSebq6eb1VuwS1uw1ub%qi1%ur0Sb1¨pb1u!
bfwSw1bp1¨1GewRw1bG%ue1wS%11d0Sub1ud1110uunV8íSue1db%11bp¨w0n1b1áPbu1%u1¨GS0b¨uGS¨PP1ueuVG(P1d11#¨nXub!
(iG%1¨wTáSgX·gpI·gofooiudV1uD1%1uep!
eGáiwV¨1fub1dSfbu1f¨Pièu¨0re1¨%11b¨fPTáw1%bb1Pud#iiPS0bf%1Pd1{1Gw%1¨ueb{1u1¨p!
BPpV1b0Gb%Sb{ewVwSV1ut1%b%Vw%S0P1dcS1ubnáRwud6ubGS1iu#e0u110á`wRb1%1uwGd1uPpwìn1uR11b¨1un1TáR#d1nb%Sedqt¤b1¨pbwSp1%w%1X1w11n1w1b1%1b01PqrxVDbfS{bP¨p¨wbSubeXpu0ubb%qew1p¨wnRbbGS1w1wGP1u1Pw10b1¨pbi1ubáuá(uw¨wuy6IgF33Iipga3@33ugByugBtI3!
uiwga3@33rzgBygBtI3ikè%XbSu1%Sebp1ubì¨11%1uqqR¨udu1b0VVuuSV1%1uu¨%u!
wu01b1#01bòGS¨uuP#b1d6¨w%Vu1ww6¨wu1b%qew11wS%1dí¨ní1uqb1%bTbwx{íPm11%#b1d61ubGb¨1bb%wD1%D1%7DbSuRbR1u%8ew1ubáPP¨ei¨%1%(vfd61ubb1¨pbp1%uwGw0Sdb1PuXwP%nPu1fSub¨1u1S1u0VPuáP1upPGw#bGS1iue1dw%%báéuew1w11dew%u11upipbuPò%%8u#ubeGb{SdbGuuRb1d6fewbGw1ub¨1D1b0`SPS1md§ù§2{÷w§03@33uVáb1d6ebc0bS0b0Fu¨wS1Xbi¨e1wV1¨d1bfV1rx21÷b§¨p"yyu!
áwuD1u1u0S10{1%pDb1d6FebDb(i10XPVpp1{(SGbc¨!
uSwubF1Pqb1ub*Ckb60bSFu1b%#¨uwárytI3u!
áiu!
u¨dB§¤ú÷b§¨p"G¨!
Pd11ufR1wud(vfd6DwXi¨p¨w%`1d18¤Gn1uP¨0p¨wPwD1rDbSGb1RfPP¨dáiiuu1wbDXb10p¨wF#1b0¨PbD11#¨#1n0ybHq0Xàpi¨%wXi¨p¨w%f110bF¨ebu¨pFu¨10%b8bTubb¨%!
b1dSfb11{ewV01b!
un%¨%b1SPS1D%1ubipSiku1¤udb1uPìpwPP%dí1%u!
¨Fe11%V¨ww!
wup1ub#GqR01brxPt`1%uFuFpi¨%1u1ubD11rxáXbu1R1GSwSDbfbwP{buP¨qbánfw%S1wi!
bP0b1ubn0bwSwáuV0GbbwP10b¨uP1d6buwGub1%brV8P!
1GewrV0%wu{S¨¤RbfwS%1debwP10bG1Gd61ré1%Vu1báb1v(6DbTibubb¨P¨qb%Sw1fubuFw11ub%(V1%DbGS1wG1uPbbfRP1iBwwwqdá1b%SwSb1ubV¨uw#u¨d{1uBPfGPV11bew1fdb1w#bf1ubbf1ubV¨u0S&v(6wS%1d%bw8¨drP11%ubrbup¨w%áXipVbF$P¨p$p¤8b%GêXwGw1%bw10Fbu1ubb{u%1iS1mFu%u¨wáTewiG`b%¨u¨01wuc¤ù¤ús{&21pbfRdb11diTBb%b101b1bu¨0fw1¨1ub%bTu0&iáP8b1Gw%{1db11u1%1uPuXP%11pp1%1`1811!
Xbe1w{pPfvf1GS¨1ub%!
b`àDbSw1¨4800049000500005100052000Epoch(MJD)0100020003000400050006000Residual(ms)1.
51.
00.
50.
00.
51.
01.
5Residual(ms)4800049000500005100052000Epoch(MJD)642024610050050100a)c)b)d)F§¨8rzVq|B8bi)F~u}qw|±dh±cw)qXw±H±di¨i¨p7±qbF`}~fVP|B~0|1q)8zwV}w|B}8q|B)zSzib}dnb)tBq8wwq|6q|B8bi)FB}6rz)zX1nSP}d)))zq|6B|)zq|q|B8wziBPV)}dbS)z|6n~)wziw|1q|tq)q|6`w|q|Rzn}(B|)zP}dBq)}dzbq}ww|rB)zbwB}d8q|B¨bi8DB}6rz8ziBr6`r|q|!
qw|Vw|8)zq)}dzDz|Bq}q)zGiB`w|}dztBSq|`qw|R|$|}~fzw|d)|1q|6bq}dP|F}q)}dz%|q|D}~riyHg6b6R}q|!
qw|Vw1|q|zprB6)|R}zq|Rbcw|nqD1%bb1DT`PpqPkb%pV&f2626ebw¨nV¨1u¨¨1du1¨wp¤1Pupw#bD06Vdn1GPdnu1u¨ubSSBwGVGui10r1b11%bb1Rbf1wbu1bbG(qd*¨1urqVu¨Tf1Vi1uu1*y'0FVFywq1w1u%bb1u%u%Pfw18¨wb10dá(b1wGwb%%bb¨0&ièufw1¨1ub0bu%pVV81¨d1bff1#1P01pbbáu1ubbGbppbdi1u1uebbGwPbdee¨fDbSb866bfV¨wb%#Guusbufwiup¤1wb{1ut1%bTDáAáA1u%u%P1p1ubebT10dááPb%¨P¨p1ubDTGP¨X6IA'èáVFym%b01bb1nw1%8dáG8ubFw%1X1ub%Vu¨q%uu¨1pG1uPP0p0p1ub#¨b%1bd0Sf¨PiFmFubwyuub1fP11u4qw1¨bDf¨PiáVéy§1q1dS¨tqbsPub!
1b8dáeê¤íì{SuV0SGuipVG¨%¨u%1ubw¨b1%nb8¨§V1%nb8Vd1u8qwá§!
1nub%b¨1%PnbG10bS1bTáU§G11uf0bS1b%bbwáUmwiGb¨G1PqVu7v!
1b%ubP1ubnw1¨0b1¤uG1u1u0S10b1d61ubGfuuiáb%m0%uwgò6db11b1óp6éI§B&f¨§26púy&%p2pù§B§2S%bu¨pb%b10SwV¨1XbPf1uebRw1b{1Gd¨òG1b¨dbbX¨qbuPPu1n%bb10òS1%qeuubá{Gq1cò1u%0PSdu0S%%b1S%pPwP0q1uP¨wbBPb1d6w¨%buui01SPS110S1%1uìGq1cò1u%00P1¨ei¨%í1111ífu%u%PdbbXq%S1d1mFu%bu1ubb%1%R%bb1`u%1pw`V8ub1Vp1%bGeb%1pp¨wTá01V8nb8Fpbbbb1ru%b1%uu%pS1bu#wSwV¨1ìbu%1d0SubTáwGfuiìPudebwxdbiCgp0eroeCe%dàbàpdeb*skPpkdkbbXfpeoedeCeCedeCedeCeCedeCedeCesedeseCecìkipwb%àw6fH%0Ffu0bp¨uwPq{V0b#f%SdS1GPi1uV0Pnwb%P1ub%bS1biPS0b!
1wuxRdS0Pd1S1uw1ubwXi¨qbbq%P10&Pb%1%uwquubPuáiqáGu%1PqGìu#bw¨P¨wTá!
Sw¨0qp1n%P1uuw¨w1bqBibdq¨p¨1bPu0Subu1pi0P1ubu10b1iPS0GP{i1bGP8¨wwSDbwu0p¨w%RT0D0ru{%Sb¨PPV%#1%u1w¨u1dqV`1b¨d!
bXi8qwqts÷wI{ùA|sú0zBSRTwb%0p1ui8qG¨11%1ub!
w1uáw%uDfGSd1q%PfwSuui¨wu1ub%V1%1wDupuT1%#fwSuuP0qie1edrbD1i¨wu1ubTbibp¨w0Xuu1%1v(n0ybHq0p01nGq%Puu1SwubSPS1Sw#Pw1báF01bw%GbbGbcò%uuur1b01BSPS1ibáf1%ub1¨%P1ub00Fb1dqfbGS0P1Gw¨1V¨1wP%1wq1w0nb¨%p{uRbubSuuV¨1%uVd{1uRbubièu¨peCe%6áièpeCedeiápedeb¨peCewypeCeCkwp60.
60.
811.
21.
41.
61.
822.
22.
4PulsarMass(MSun)0.
60.
811.
21.
41.
61.
822.
22.
4CompanionMass(MSun)ChangeinorbitalperiodParameterγPeriastronadvanceF§¨VüDóò0BtB!
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