Pekingparameterdirection

PublishedforSISSAbySpringerReceived:February28,2018Accepted:April13,2018Published:May2,2018JetpropertiesinPbPbandppcollisionsat√sNN=5.
02TeVTheCMScollaborationE-mail:cms-publication-committee-chair@cern.
chAbstract:ModicationsofthepropertiesofjetsinPbPbcollisions,relativetothoseinppcollisions,arestudiedatanucleon-nucleoncenter-of-massenergyof√sNN=5.
02TeVviacorrelationsofchargedparticleswiththejetaxisinrelativepseudorapidity(η),relativeazimuth(φ),andrelativeangulardistancefromthejetaxisr=(η)2+(φ)2.
ThisanalysisusesdatacollectedwiththeCMSdetectorattheLHC,correspondingtointegratedluminositiesof404b1and27.
4pb1forPbPbandppcollisions,respectively.
Chargedparticlenumberdensities,jetfragmentationfunctions,andjetshapesarepresentedasafunctionofPbPbcollisioncentralityandcharged-particletracktransversemomentum,providingadierentialdescriptionofjetmodicationsduetointeractionswiththequark-gluonplasma.
Keywords:HeavyIonExperiments,Heavy-ioncollision,Jetphysics,QuarkgluonplasmaArXivePrint:1803.
00042OpenAccess,CopyrightCERN,forthebenetoftheCMSCollaboration.
ArticlefundedbySCOAP3.
https://doi.
org/10.
1007/JHEP05(2018)006Contents1Introduction12TheCMSdetector23Eventselectionandsimulatedeventsamples34Jetandtrackreconstruction35Jet-trackangularcorrelations46Systematicuncertainties67Results88Summary13TheCMScollaboration191IntroductionJetscanbeusedasproxiesforpartonsproducedintheinitialhardscatteringsinheavyioncollisionstoprobethepropertiesofthequark-gluonplasma(QGP),anewstateofmattercharacterizedbyanincreaseinthecolordegreesoffreedom.
Oneofthewell-establishedpropertiesoftheQGPisitshighopacitytosuchpenetratingprobes,resultinginsignicantenergylossofpartonstraversingthehotnuclearmatter.
Partonenergylossmanifestsitselfinavarietyofexperimentalobservables,includingsuppressionofhightransversemomentum(pT)hadronsandjets,aswellasmodicationsofthepropertiesofpartonshowers.
Thesephenomena,collectivelyreferredtoasjetquenching[1],wererstobservedattheBNLRHIC[2,3],andsubsequentlyattheCERNLHC[4–7].
TheLHCexperimentshavepreviouslydemonstratedthatthemediumalsoaectsthestructureofajet,asobservedfrommeasurementsofthejetfragmentationpattern[8,9]andthedistributionofcharged-particletransversemomenta(ptrkT)asafunctionoftherelativeangulardistancerfromthejetaxis[10],wherelowercaserisusedexplicitlytoavoidconictwiththejetclusteringdistanceparameterR[11].
Thedistancerisgivenbyr=√(η)2+(φ)2,whereηandφdenotetherelativepseudorapidityandazimuthalangle(inradians)withrespecttothejetaxis,respectively.
Thesemodicationsextendtolargevaluesofηandφ[12–14].
Varioustheoreticalmodelshavesinceattemptedtoaccountforthesemodications[15–19],andwhilemostmodelsreproducethemodicationeectsclosetothejetaxis,thelargemodicationsfarfromthejetaxis(r>0.
5)arenotyetunderstood.
–1–ThispaperdescribesmodicationstojetstructureinPbPbcollisionsatanucleon-nucleoncenterofmassenergy√sNN=5.
02TeVrelativetoppcollisionsatthesameenergy,extendingpreviousresultsbasedon2.
76TeVdata[10,13].
Atthehighercollisionenergy,anincreaseinthemagnitudeofjetquenchingisexpectedbecauseofthegreatermediumdensityandtemperature[20],potentiallyincreasingthesizeofthemodicationeects.
ThedatawerecollectedbytheCMSdetectorattheLHCandcorrespondtointegratedluminositiesof404b1and27.
4pb1forPbPbandppcollisions,respectively.
Thedis-tributionsofcharged-particletrackswithrespecttothejetaxisarestudiedasafunctionofη,φ,andr.
Thejetshapesρ(r),denedasthedistributionofparticleyieldsinrweightedbyptrkT,arealsoexamined.
TheresultsarepresenteddierentiallyinptrkTandasafunctionoftheoverlapofthecollidingPbnuclei(centrality),withhead-oncollisionsdenedasmostcentral.
Comparedtothesizeofthedatasamplesinref.
[13],thepresentstudyusesamuchlargerdatasetand,hence,hasagreaterstatisticalprecision.
Thisalsoallowsthemeasurementstobeextendedtolargerdistanceswithrespecttothejetaxis.
2TheCMSdetectorThecentralfeatureoftheCMSapparatusisasuperconductingsolenoidof6minternaldiameter,providingamagneticeldof3.
8T.
Withinthesolenoidvolumeareasiliconpixelandstriptracker,aleadtungstatecrystalelectromagneticcalorimeter(ECAL),andabrassandscintillatorhadroncalorimeter(HCAL),eachcomposedofbarrelandendcapsections.
Twohadronicforward(HF)steelandquartz-bercalorimeterscomplementthebarrelandendcapdetectors,extendingthecalorimeterfromtherange|η|80GeV.
ThistriggerisfullyecientforeventscontainingjetswithreconstructedpT>90GeV.
ForbothPbPbandppcollisions,thedataselectedbythistriggerarereferredtoas"jet-triggered",andareusedtostudythejet-relatedparticleyields.
Whilejet-triggeredsamplesareusedinppcollisionstocorrectforthelimitedjetandtrackacceptanceviaaneventmixingtechniquedescribedinsection5,anadditionaldatasamplecollectedwithaminimum-biastrigger[25]isusedforthiscorrectioninPbPbcollisionsinordertoproperlycapturethelong-rangecorrelatedparticleyieldsinPbPbdata.
Toreducecontaminationfromnoncollisionevents,includingcalorimeternoiseandbeam-gascollisions,vertexandnoiseltersareappliedtoboththeppandPbPbdataasdescribedinpreviousanalyses[5,6].
Theltersincludetherequirementsthateventscontainatleast3GeVofenergyineachofthetwoHFcalorimetersandthataprimaryvertexwithatleasttwotracksbepresentwithin15cmofthecenterofthenominalinteractionregionalongthebeamaxis(|vz|2GeVisthenapplied–3–tocorrectforthevariationindetectorresponsewiththetotalnumberofjetconstituents.
Thislattercalibrationcorrectsforadierenceinthesimulatedcalorimetricjetenergyresponsebetweenquarkandgluonjetsandreducesthedierenceinthisresponsebetweenthetwojetavors,asafunctionofjetpT,from10%toaround3%.
Afterreconstructionandoinejetenergycalibration,jetsarerequiredtohavepT>120GeVand|η|10GeV.
Trackreconstructionismoredicultintheheavyionenvironmentbecauseofthelargetrackmultiplicityandsothetrackingeciencyrangesfromapproximately30%atpT=0.
5GeVtoabout70%atpT=10GeV[32].
CorrectionsforthetrackingeciencyandrelatedeectsarederivedasafunctionofptrkT,η,andφusingpythiasimulations,and,additionallyforPbPbevents,asafunctionofcentralityusingpythia+hydjet.
5Jet-trackangularcorrelationsCorrelationsbetweenreconstructedjetsandcharged-particletracksarestudiedbyformingatwo-dimensionalarrayoftheηandφvaluesofthetracksrelativetothejetaxis.
EventsinPbPbcollisionsaredividedintofourcentralityintervalsbasedonthefractionofthetotalrecordedenergythatiscollectedwithintheHFcalorimeter,givenby0–10%(mostcentral,correspondingtothelargestoverlapofthecollidingnuclei),10–30%,30–50%,and50–100%(mostperipheral),andintoeightbinsofptrkTboundedbythevalues0.
7,1,2,3,4,8,16,20,and300GeV.
Afterclassication,thejet-trackcorrelationyieldsarenormalizedbythenumberofjetsinthesampleandcorrectedfortrackingeciencyonaper-trackbasis.
Thenormalizationcreatesaper-jetaveragedη–φdistributionofchargedparticlesaboutthejetaxisforeachptrkTandcentralityinterval.
Forthejetshapemeasurements,thetwo-dimensionalcorrelationsareweightedbyptrkTonaper-trackbasis,producingaper-jetaveragedη–φdistributionofptrkTaboutthejetaxis.
Followingconstructionofthetwo-dimensionalcorrelationsdescribedabove,there-maininganalysisprocedureconsistsofthefollowingthreesteps:rst,anacceptancecor-rectionisderivedusingamixed-eventmethod,whichaccountsfortheeectsofthelimiteddetectoracceptance.
Second,thebackgroundsfromtracksunrelatedtojetsaresubtractedusingaregioninηfarfromthejetaxis.
Third,simulation-derivedcorrectionsareappliedtoaccountforjetreconstructionbiases.
Eachofthesestepsisdescribedindetailbelow.
–4–Asaconsequenceoftheshapeofthejetandtrackηdistributionsandthedierentacceptancerequirementsforjets(|η|1.
5.
Toprobefordiscrepanciesfromthisidealcase,eachsidebandregionofthenalηdistribution(2.
53GeV.
Figure3showsthejet-trackcorrelationsasafunctionofr.
Asfortheηandφdistributions,anenhancementforptrkT>3GeVisseeninthePbPbdatarelativetotheppdata,whichincreaseswithincreasingcentrality.
Thechangeofslopeintheguresatr=0.
4isduetothenatureoftheanti-kTalgorithm,wherelow-pTparticlesjustinsidethejetradiusparameteraregenerallyclusteredwithinthejetandparticlesjustoutsidetheradiusarenot.
TofurtherillustratetheptrkTdependenceoftheresults,gure4(toprow)showsthecharged-particletrackyieldsinPbPbandppeventsasafunctionofptrkT,integratedoverηandφ.
TheexcessobservedinPbPbeventsisseentodecreasesmoothlywithincreasingptrkT,ineachcentralityinterval.
ForptrkT>3GeV,thePbPbresultsareconsistentwiththosefromtheppcollisions.
Figure4alsoshowsacomparisonoftheresultsat5.
02TeV–9–Figure2.
Thedistributionofjet-correlatedcharged-particletrackswith|η|20GeVareincludedinthesedistributionsastheymakeasignicantcontributiontothejetmomentum,eventhoughtheirrateissmall.
TheresultingtransversemomentumproleP(r)ofthejetisdenedas:P(r)=1δr1NjetsΣjetsΣtracks∈(ra,rb)ptrkT,r0.
7,2.
0,and4.
0GeV.
TheseresultsdemonstratealargeexcessofsoftparticlesinPbPbeventsrelativetoppeventsatintermediatetolargeanglesfromthejetaxis,compensatedforbyarelativedepletionatallanglesoftracksathigh-ptrkT.
Forcharged-particletrackswithptrkT>0.
7GeV,thedierencebetweenthePbPbandppdatareachesnearlyafactoroftwoforlargerincentralcollisions,asseenfromthebottomrightplotingure5.
Thisbehaviorispossiblyduetoacombinationofjetquenchinginthemediumandthesocalled"backreaction"responseofthemediumtothejet,wherethejetinducesspallation-typeeectsinthe–11–Figure4.
Thedistributionofjet-correlatedcharged-particletrackswithr0.
7GeVandpseudorapidity|η|120GeVand|η|<1.
6arestudied.
Chargedparticleyieldsassociatedwithjetsareshownasafunctionofrelativeangulardistancer=√(η)2+(φ)2fromthejetaxis,aswellasindividuallyinηandφ.
Inthesestudies,astrongenhancementoftrackswithptrkT<3GeV,extendingtolargeangles,isfoundinPbPbcollisionswithrespecttoppcollisions.
ThislowpTexcessremainscorrelatedwiththejetaxis,butthedistributionisbroaderinPbPbthanthatobservedinthecorrespondingpTbinofppcollisions,whichcouldindicate–13–Figure6.
Thejetshapeρ(r)inpp(topleft)andPbPb(middlerow)collisions.
ThePbPbresultsareshownfordierentcentralityregions.
ThebottomrowshowstheratiobetweenthePbPbandppdatafortheinclusiverange0.
7Theshadedbandintheratioplotsshowsthetotalsystematicuncertainty.
additionalin-mediumgluonradiationand/oramediumbackreaction,i.
e.
,awake-likeresponseoftheQGPtothepropagatingparton.
ForPbPbeventswithcentrality0–10%,thecorrelatedyieldisincreasedrelativetoppcollisionsatlowpTbyuptoafactoroftwo.
Inadditiontothesecharged-particleyields,weexaminethejettransversemomentumproleP(r)andthejetshapeρ(r)variables,denedusingthedistributionofcharged-particletracksinannularringsaroundthejetaxis,witheachparticleweightedbyitsptrkTvalue.
AredistributionofenergyfromsmalltolargeanglesfromthejetaxisisobservedforPbPbrelativetoppevents,withthemostpronouncedeectseenforcentralcollisions.
TheenergyowwithinthejetismodiedbyshiftingthemomentumawayfromthejetaxisouttolargerelativeangulardistancessuchthatincentralPbPbcollisions,theratioofthejetshapesinPbPbtoppcollisionsapproachesavalueoftwo.
Thesemeasurementsprovideacomprehensivepictureofthemodicationsofthepartonshowerevolutionandthequark-gluonplasmaresponsetothepropagatingjetsin5TeVPbPbcollisions.
–14–AcknowledgmentsWecongratulateourcolleaguesintheCERNacceleratordepartmentsfortheexcellentperformanceoftheLHCandthankthetechnicalandadministrativestasatCERNandatotherCMSinstitutesfortheircontributionstothesuccessoftheCMSeort.
Inad-dition,wegratefullyacknowledgethecomputingcentresandpersonneloftheWorldwideLHCComputingGridfordeliveringsoeectivelythecomputinginfrastructureessentialtoouranalyses.
Finally,weacknowledgetheenduringsupportfortheconstructionandoperationoftheLHCandtheCMSdetectorprovidedbythefollowingfundingagencies:BMWFWandFWF(Austria);FNRSandFWO(Belgium);CNPq,CAPES,FAPERJ,andFAPESP(Brazil);MES(Bulgaria);CERN;CAS,MoST,andNSFC(China);COL-CIENCIAS(Colombia);MSESandCSF(Croatia);RPF(Cyprus);SENESCYT(Ecuador);MoER,ERCIUT,andERDF(Estonia);AcademyofFinland,MEC,andHIP(Finland);CEAandCNRS/IN2P3(France);BMBF,DFG,andHGF(Germany);GSRT(Greece);OTKAandNIH(Hungary);DAEandDST(India);IPM(Iran);SFI(Ireland);INFN(Italy);MSIPandNRF(RepublicofKorea);LAS(Lithuania);MOEandUM(Malaysia);BUAP,CINVESTAV,CONACYT,LNS,SEP,andUASLP-FAI(Mexico);MBIE(NewZealand);PAEC(Pakistan);MSHEandNSC(Poland);FCT(Portugal);JINR(Dubna);MON,RosAtom,RAS,RFBRandRAEP(Russia);MESTD(Serbia);SEIDI,CPAN,PCTIandFEDER(Spain);SwissFundingAgencies(Switzerland);MST(Taipei);ThEPCenter,IPST,STAR,andNSTDA(Thailand);TUBITAKandTAEK(Turkey);NASUandSFFR(Ukraine);STFC(UnitedKingdom);DOEandNSF(USA).
IndividualshavereceivedsupportfromtheMarie-CurieprogrammeandtheEuropeanResearchCouncilandHorizon2020Grant,contractNo.
675440(EuropeanUnion);theLeventisFoundation;theA.
P.
SloanFoundation;theAlexandervonHumboldtFounda-tion;theBelgianFederalSciencePolicyOce;theFondspourlaFormation`alaRecherchedansl'Industrieetdansl'Agriculture(FRIA-Belgium);theAgentschapvoorInnovatiedoorWetenschapenTechnologie(IWT-Belgium);theMinistryofEducation,YouthandSports(MEYS)oftheCzechRepublic;theCouncilofScienceandIndustrialResearch,India;theHOMINGPLUSprogrammeoftheFoundationforPolishScience,conancedfromEuropeanUnion,RegionalDevelopmentFund,theMobilityPlusprogrammeoftheMin-istryofScienceandHigherEducation,theNationalScienceCenter(Poland),contractsHarmonia2014/14/M/ST2/00428,Opus2014/13/B/ST2/02543,2014/15/B/ST2/03998,and2015/19/B/ST2/02861,Sonata-bis2012/07/E/ST2/01406;theNationalPrioritiesRe-searchProgrambyQatarNationalResearchFund;theProgramaSeveroOchoadelPrin-cipadodeAsturias;theThalisandAristeiaprogrammesconancedbyEU-ESFandtheGreekNSRF;theRachadapisekSompotFundforPostdoctoralFellowship,ChulalongkornUniversityandtheChulalongkornAcademicintoIts2ndCenturyProjectAdvancementProject(Thailand);theWelchFoundation,contractC-1845;andtheWestonHavensFoun-dation(USA).
–15–OpenAccess.
ThisarticleisdistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense(CC-BY4.
0),whichpermitsanyuse,distributionandreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthor(s)andsourcearecredited.
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PhysikalischesInstitutA,Aachen,Germany18:AlsoatUniversityofHamburg,Hamburg,Germany19:AlsoatBrandenburgUniversityofTechnology,Cottbus,Germany20:AlsoatInstituteofNuclearResearchATOMKI,Debrecen,Hungary21:AlsoatInstituteofPhysics,UniversityofDebrecen,Debrecen,Hungary22:AlsoatMTA-ELTELend¨uletCMSParticleandNuclearPhysicsGroup,E¨otv¨osLorandUniversity,Budapest,Hungary23:AlsoatIndianInstituteofTechnologyBhubaneswar,Bhubaneswar,India24:AlsoatInstituteofPhysics,Bhubaneswar,India25:AlsoatShooliniUniversity,Solan,India26:AlsoatUniversityofVisva-Bharati,Santiniketan,India27:AlsoatUniversityofRuhuna,Matara,SriLanka28:AlsoatIsfahanUniversityofTechnology,Isfahan,Iran29:AlsoatYazdUniversity,Yazd,Iran30:AlsoatPlasmaPhysicsResearchCenter,ScienceandResearchBranch,IslamicAzadUniversity,Tehran,Iran31:AlsoatUniversit`adegliStudidiSiena,Siena,Italy32:AlsoatINFNSezionediMilano-Bicocca;Universit`adiMilano-Bicocca,Milano,Italy33:AlsoatInternationalIslamicUniversityofMalaysia,KualaLumpur,Malaysia34:AlsoatMalaysianNuclearAgency,MOSTI,Kajang,Malaysia35:AlsoatConsejoNacionaldeCienciayTecnologa,Mexicocity,Mexico36:AlsoatWarsawUniversityofTechnology,InstituteofElectronicSystems,Warsaw,Poland37:AlsoatInstituteforNuclearResearch,Moscow,Russia38:NowatNationalResearchNuclearUniversity'MoscowEngineeringPhysicsInsti-tute'(MEPhI),Moscow,Russia39:AlsoatSt.
PetersburgStatePolytechnicalUniversity,St.
Petersburg,Russia40:AlsoatUniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,U.
S.
A.
41:AlsoatP.
N.
LebedevPhysicalInstitute,Moscow,Russia42:AlsoatINFNSezionediPadova;Universit`adiPadova;Universit`adiTrento(Trento),Padova,Italy43:AlsoatBudkerInstituteofNuclearPhysics,Novosibirsk,Russia44:AlsoatFacultyofPhysics,UniversityofBelgrade,Belgrade,Serbia45:AlsoatINFNSezionediPavia;Universit`adiPavia,Pavia,Italy–36–46:AlsoatUniversityofBelgrade,FacultyofPhysicsandVincaInstituteofNuclearSciences,Belgrade,Serbia47:AlsoatScuolaNormaleeSezionedell'INFN,Pisa,Italy48:AlsoatNationalandKapodistrianUniversityofAthens,Athens,Greece49:AlsoatRigaTechnicalUniversity,Riga,Latvia50:AlsoatUniversit¨atZ¨urich,Zurich,Switzerland51:AlsoatStefanMeyerInstituteforSubatomicPhysics(SMI),Vienna,Austria52:AlsoatGaziosmanpasaUniversity,Tokat,Turkey53:AlsoatIstanbulAydinUniversity,Istanbul,Turkey54:AlsoatMersinUniversity,Mersin,Turkey55:AlsoatPiriReisUniversity,Istanbul,Turkey56:AlsoatAdiyamanUniversity,Adiyaman,Turkey57:AlsoatIzmirInstituteofTechnology,Izmir,Turkey58:AlsoatNecmettinErbakanUniversity,Konya,Turkey59:AlsoatMarmaraUniversity,Istanbul,Turkey60:AlsoatKafkasUniversity,Kars,Turkey61:AlsoatIstanbulBilgiUniversity,Istanbul,Turkey62:AlsoatRutherfordAppletonLaboratory,Didcot,U.
K.
63:AlsoatSchoolofPhysicsandAstronomy,UniversityofSouthampton,Southampton,U.
K.
64:AlsoatMonashUniversity,FacultyofScience,Clayton,Australia65:AlsoatInstitutodeAstrofsicadeCanarias,LaLaguna,Spain66:AlsoatBethelUniversity,ST.
PAUL,U.
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67:AlsoatUtahValleyUniversity,Orem,U.
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68:AlsoatPurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,U.
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A.
69:AlsoatBeykentUniversity,Istanbul,Turkey70:AlsoatBingolUniversity,Bingol,Turkey71:AlsoatErzincanUniversity,Erzincan,Turkey72:AlsoatSinopUniversity,Sinop,Turkey73:AlsoatMimarSinanUniversity,Istanbul,Istanbul,Turkey74:AlsoatTexasA&MUniversityatQatar,Doha,Qatar75:AlsoatKyungpookNationalUniversity,Daegu,Korea–37–