Europeeasywlan

ETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)ElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM);SystemReferencedocument(SRdoc);BroadbandDirect-Air-to-GroundCommunicationsSystemoperatinginthe5,855GHzto5,875GHzbandusing3GtechnologyTechnicalReportETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)2ReferenceDTR/ERM-028Keywords3G,aeronautical,broadband,mobile,network,SRDoc,terrestrialETSI650RoutedesLuciolesF-06921SophiaAntipolisCedex-FRANCETel.
:+33492944200Fax:+33493654716SiretN°34862356200017-NAF742CAssociationàbutnonlucratifenregistréeàlaSous-PréfecturedeGrasse(06)N°7803/88ImportantnoticeIndividualcopiesofthepresentdocumentcanbedownloadedfrom:http://www.
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ETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)3ContentsIntellectualPropertyRights.
4Foreword.
4Executivesummary4Introduction51Scope.
62References.
62.
1Normativereferences62.
2Informativereferences.
63Definitionsandabbreviations.
73.
1Definitions.
73.
2Abbreviations84CommentsontheSystemReferenceDocument84.
1StatementsbyNetherlandsMinistryofEconomicAffairs.
85Presentationofthesystemortechnology.
96Marketinformation.
97Technicalinformation107.
1Detailedtechnicaldescription107.
2Technicalparametersandimplicationsonspectrum.
117.
2.
1Statusoftechnicalparameters117.
2.
1.
1CurrentITUandEuropeanCommonAllocations.
117.
2.
1.
2Sharingandcompatibilitystudies(ifany)alreadyavailable117.
2.
1.
3Sharingandcompatibilityissuesstilltobeconsidered.
117.
2.
2Transmitterparameters127.
2.
2.
1TransmitterOutputPower/RadiatedPower.
127.
2.
2.
1.
1AntennaCharacteristics.
137.
2.
2.
1.
2GroundStationElevationEIRPMask.
167.
2.
2.
1.
3AircraftStationElevationAntennaandEIRPMasks.
177.
2.
2.
2OperatingFrequency.
207.
2.
2.
3Bandwidth.
207.
2.
2.
4Unwantedemissions.
207.
2.
2.
5Synchronisation.
207.
2.
2.
6MitigationCharacteristics217.
2.
2.
6.
1AircraftStation.
217.
2.
2.
6.
2GroundStation217.
2.
2.
6.
3FlightProfile.
217.
2.
3Receiverparameters.
227.
3Informationonrelevantstandard(s)228Radiospectrumrequestandjustification229Regulations.
239.
1Currentregulations.
239.
2Proposedregulationandjustification23AnnexA:Bibliography.
24History.
25ETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)4IntellectualPropertyRightsIPRsessentialorpotentiallyessentialtothepresentdocumentmayhavebeendeclaredtoETSI.
TheinformationpertainingtotheseessentialIPRs,ifany,ispubliclyavailableforETSImembersandnon-members,andcanbefoundinETSISR000314:"IntellectualPropertyRights(IPRs);Essential,orpotentiallyEssential,IPRsnotifiedtoETSIinrespectofETSIstandards",whichisavailablefromtheETSISecretariat.
LatestupdatesareavailableontheETSIWebserver(http://ipr.
etsi.
org).
PursuanttotheETSIIPRPolicy,noinvestigation,includingIPRsearches,hasbeencarriedoutbyETSI.
NoguaranteecanbegivenastotheexistenceofotherIPRsnotreferencedinETSISR000314(ortheupdatesontheETSIWebserver)whichare,ormaybe,ormaybecome,essentialtothepresentdocument.
ForewordThisTechnicalReport(TR)hasbeenproducedbyETSITechnicalCommitteeElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM).
ExecutivesummaryTheever-increasingtake-upofbroadbandservicesaroundtheglobehasledtoanexplosionofdatacarriedovermobilenetworksoverthelastfewyears,asusersincreasinglyexpectanddemandtobeabletoaccesshigh-speedinternetservicesontheirownmobiledeviceswherevertheytravel.
Airlinepassengersrepresentasmallbutimportantsectoroftheoverallmobilemarket,sincemanyhigh-valuebusinesscustomersarefrequenttravellersandwouldliketobeabletoconnecttotheinternet,sendandreceivee-mails,etc.
whentravellingoncontinental,aswellaslong-haulflights.
Theprovisionofinformationandentertainmentservicesisalsoapopularserviceenjoyedbybothbusinessandprivateusersduringflights.
Lastbutnotleast,theavailabilityofbroadbandconnectionstoaircraftinflightcanprovideadditionalairlineinformationdatatosupplementtheinformationalreadyavailableviaexistingcommunicationschannels.
Suchusagewouldbelimitedtonon-safetyapplicationsonly.
Inordertomeettheseuserdemands,acommunicationslinkshouldbeestablishedbetweentheaircraftandthegroundwhichhassufficientcapacitytoallowforlargenumbersofpassengerstosimultaneouslyaccessthevariousservices.
Upuntilnow,withtheexceptionoftwoNorthAmericanserviceproviders,theonlymeansofprovidingaircraftbackhaulhasbeenthroughtheuseofsatellitelinks.
Thishascertaindisadvantages,includinglimitedbandwidth,costofcapacityandround-tripdelays.
AbroadbandDirectAir-to-GroundCommunications(DA2GC))solutionovercomesthesedrawbacksandishighlysuitableforuseover,ornear,land.
ThisprovidescoverageforvirtuallyallEuropeanflights.
Workison-goingwithinCEPTtoidentifyspectrumforsuchanapplication.
ThreeDA2GCsystemproposalshavebeenpresentedtoCEPT.
Oneoftheseproposalsisthesystemdescribedherein.
ThepresentdocumentdescribesabroadbandDA2Gcommunicationssystemwhichmakesuseof3GTDDtechnologytoprovidearobustlinkbetweenaircraftandthegroundnetwork.
Thesystemisdesignedtobecapableofoperatingintheforeseen20MHzblockofspectrum(4*5MHzor2*10MHz)withintheband5,855GHzto5,875GHz(currentlyusedforanumberoflicence-exemptapplications).
Fromthepointofviewofenablingatimelyandcost-effectivedeploymentofthesystemacrossEurope,itwouldbepreferableifalicence-exemptorlightlylicensedregimecouldbeapplied.
However,theappropriateregulatoryframeworkwilldependontheoutcomeofstudiesbeingcarriedoutwithintheCEPT.
Forthesystemdescribedinthepresentdocument,the5,8GHzbandiscurrentlyconsideredasapossiblebandforanearlyintroductioninCEPTcountries,and,morespecifically,theportionofthebandfrom5,855GHzto5,875GHzsincethisupperpartofthe5,8GHzbandisnotdesignatedforradaruseinEurope.
(Radarsystemsoperateinthebandsimmediatelybelowthisrange,whichwouldpresentamuchmoredifficultsharingscenario).
ETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)5IntroductionThepresentdocumenthasbeendevelopedasacontributiontotheco-operationbetweenETSIandtheElectronicCommunicationsCommittee(ECC)oftheEuropeanConferenceofPostalandTelecommunicationsAdministrations(CEPT).
Itisintendedtodescribethesystemrequirementsbasedon3GtechnologyforaEuropeansystemforbroadbandDirectAir-to-GroundCommunications(DA2GC)betweenaterrestrialgroundnetworkandaircraftoperatingintheband5,855GHzto5,875GHz.
TherequirementsprovideabasisforindustrytoquicklyimplementaninnovativeandefficientsystemwithinEuropewhileavoidingharmfulinterferencewithotherservicesandsystems.
TargetversionPre-approvaldateversion(seenote)Vm.
a.
basmDateDescription1.
1.
1001August2012SubmittedtoETSIBRANinAugust2012(forthe72ndBRANmeeting)00212September2012Withinitialeditorialrevisionsagreedatthe72ndBRANmeeting00320September2012Withfurthereditorialrevisionsagreedatthe72ndBRANmeeting0042November2012Updatedwithcommentssubmittedbycorrespondence,andtakingaccountoftheETSI/CEPTdiscussionsonSRDocTR101599[i.
9]00511January2013UpdatedwithamendmentsasaconsequenceofcommentssubmittedduringtheRemoteConsensusstage00618January2013Tightenedtheunwantedemissionlimit(clause7.
2.
2.
4)asaconsequenceofdiscussionsinCEPTSE440077March2013Addedcommentstoclause4,whichweresubmittedduringthe"ApprovalforPublication"phase.
NOTE:SeeEG201788(V2.
1.
1)[i.
15],clauseA.
2.
ETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)61ScopeThepresentdocumentdescribesasystemdesignedtoprovidenon-safetyoflifebroadbandDA2Gcommunications,whichmayrequireachangeofthepresentfrequencydesignation/utilisationwithinCEPTorsomechangestothepresentregulatoryframeworkfortheproposedband(s)regardingeitherintendedorunwantedemissions.
Thepreferredregulatoryapproachwouldbeforthissystemtooperateonanon-interferenceandunprotectedbasiswithintheband5,855GHzto5,875GHz.
However,itisrecognisedthatthereareimportantapplications(includingITSandBFWA)thataredeployedorplannedin,oradjacentto,the5,8GHzband.
Thedocumentincludes,inparticular:Marketinformation;Technicalinformation;Regulatoryissues.
Toavoidanymisunderstanding,thesystemdescribeduses3GTDDtechnologyintheband5,855GHzto5,875GHztoestablishadirectbackhaullinkbetweentheaircraftandgroundnetwork.
Passengerequipmentisnotabletohavedirectradioaccesstothelink.
Networkelementsprovidingcoverageon-boardaircraft,primarilyWLANs,aswellasserviceplatforms(e.
g.
forpassengers,airlinesandaircraftmanufacturers)alreadyexist[i.
1]and[i.
2].
Passengerconnectivityisviaasuitableaccesspointthatitselfcanutilisethebackhaullink.
However,thedocumentdoesnotcoverequipmentcompliancewithrelevantcivilaviationregulations.
Inthisrespect,theon-boardunitoftheDA2GCsystemissubjecttoadditionalnationalorinternationalcivilaviationairworthinesscertification,forexampletoEUROCAEED-14E[i.
3].
Whilethisrequirementaddressestheband5,855GHzto5,875GHz,the3Gtechnologyhasbeensuccessfullytestedinthebands118MHzto137MHz,1,9GHzto2,1GHzand5,090GHzto5,150GHz[i.
4].
2ReferencesReferencesareeitherspecific(identifiedbydateofpublicationand/oreditionnumberorversionnumber)ornon-specific.
Forspecificreferences,onlythecitedversionapplies.
Fornon-specificreferences,thelatestversionofthereferencedocument(includinganyamendments)applies.
Referenceddocumentswhicharenotfoundtobepubliclyavailableintheexpectedlocationmightbefoundathttp://docbox.
etsi.
org/Reference.
NOTE:Whileanyhyperlinksincludedinthisclausewerevalidatthetimeofpublication,ETSIcannotguaranteetheirlongtermvalidity.
2.
1NormativereferencesThefollowingreferenceddocumentsarenecessaryfortheapplicationofthepresentdocument.
Notapplicable.
2.
2InformativereferencesThefollowingreferenceddocumentsarenotnecessaryfortheapplicationofthepresentdocumentbuttheyassisttheuserwithregardtoaparticularsubjectarea.
[i.
1]CommissionDecisionof7April2008onharmonisedconditionsofspectrumusefortheoperationofmobilecommunicationservicesonaircraft(MCAservices)intheCommunity.
[i.
2]ECCDecision(06)07of1December2006ontheharmoniseduseofairborneGSMsystemsinthefrequencybands1710-1785and1805-1880MHz,amendedinMarch2009.
ETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)7[i.
3]EUROCAEED-14E(2005)(EquivalenttoRTCADO-160E):"EnvironmentalConditionsandTestProceduresforAirborneEquipment".
[i.
4]ECCDocumentFM48(11)043Annex6:"CandidatebandsforBroadbandDA2GC".
[i.
5]ITURadioRegulations(Editionof2008).
[i.
6]ERCReport25:"TheEuropeantableoffrequencyallocationsandutilisationsinthefrequencyrange9kHzto3000GHz".
[i.
7]FM48(11)038:"CompatibilityAnalysisbetweenDA2GC(3G)andSystemsintheBand5850-5870MHz".
[i.
8]ETSITR103054:"ElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM);SystemReferenceDocument;BroadbandDirect-Air-to-GroundCommunicationsoperatinginpartofthefrequencyrangefrom790MHzto5150MHz".
[i.
9]ETSITR101599:"ElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM);SystemReferenceDocument(SRDoc);BroadbandDirect-Air-to-GroundCommunicationsSystememployingbeamformingantennas,operatinginthe2,4GHzand5,8GHzbands".
[i.
10]ECCReport68:"Compatibilitystudiesintheband5725-5875MHzbetweenFixedWirelessAccess(FWA)systemsandothersystems".
[i.
11]CEPT/ERC/Recommendation74-01:"UnwantedEmissionsintheSpuriousDomain".
[i.
12]ETSIEN301908-6:"IMTcellularnetworks;HarmonizedENcoveringtheessentialrequirementsofarticle3.
2oftheR&TTEDirective;Part6:CDMATDD(UTRATDD)UserEquipment(UE)".
[i.
13]ETSIEN301908-7:"IMTcellularnetworks;HarmonizedENcoveringtheessentialrequirementsofarticle3.
2oftheR&TTEDirective;Part7:CDMATDD(UTRATDD)BaseStations(BS)".
[i.
14]ECCReport140:"CompatibilitybetweenRLANonboardaricraftandradarsinthebands5250-5350MHzand5470-5725MHz".
[i.
15]ETSIEG201788:"ElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM);GuidancefordraftinganETSISystemReferencedocument(SRdoc)".
3Definitionsandabbreviations3.
1DefinitionsForthepurposesofthepresentdocument,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply:AircraftStation(AS):entityon-boardaircraftprovidingtheradio,controlandtelecommunicationfunctionalitiesforbroadbandDA2GCDirectAir-to-Ground(DA2GC):directradiolinkbetweenanAircraftStation(AS)andaGroundStation(GS)ForwardLink(FL):withintheDA2GCsystemthelinkfromtheGroundStation(GS)totheAircraftStation(AS)GroundStation(GS):entityonthegroundprovidingtheradio,controlandtelecommunicationfunctionalitiesforbroadbandDA2GCReverseLink(RL):withintheDA2GCsystemthelinkfromtheAircraftStation(AS)totheGroundStation(GS)ETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)83.
2AbbreviationsForthepurposesofthepresentdocument,thefollowingabbreviationsapply:3GThirdGeneration(mobile)AACAirlineAdministrativeCommunicationsAPCAirPassengerCommunicationsASAircraftStationATMAirTrafficManagementBFWABroadbandFixedWirelessAccessBWBandWidthCEPTConferenceEuropéennedesAdministrationsdesPostesetdesTélécommunicationsDA2GCDirectAir-to-GroundCommunicationsDFSDynamicFrequencySelectionECEuropeanCommunityECCElectronicCommunicationsCommitteeEIRPEquivalentIsotropicallyRadiatedPowerERCEuropeanRadiocommunicationCommitteeERMElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMattersFLForwardLinkFSSFixedSatelliteServiceGNSSGlobalNavigationSatelliteSystem(s)GPSGlobalPositioningSystemGSGroundStationGSMGlobalSystemforMobilecommunicationsICTInformationandCommunicationTechnologyIMSInternetProtocolMultimediaSubsystemIPInternetProtocolITSIntelligentTransportSystemsITUInternationalTelecommunicationUnionLTELongTermEvolutionNATONorthAtlanticTreatyOrganisationO&MOperationandMaintenanceRLReverseLinkRLSRadioLocationServiceRTTTRoadTransportandTrafficTelematicsSRDShortRangeDevicesTDDTimeDivisionDuplexUEUserEquipmentUMTSUniversalMobileTelecommunicationsSystemWLANWirelessLocalAreaNetwork4CommentsontheSystemReferenceDocument4.
1StatementsbyNetherlandsMinistryofEconomicAffairsTheNetherlandsoperatesbesidesalimitednumberofotherECcountriesacriticaldefencesystememployinganonstandardhighlysensitiveradarsystemintheproposedfrequencyrange.
TherangeofthisdefencesystemandthemethodofdeploymentdictatesuchalargeexclusionrangethatitisunlikelythattheproposedDA2GCsystemcaneverbemadecompatiblewiththisdefencesystem.
ForthisreasontheNetherlandsshouldbeexcludedfromthelistofcountrieswheretheDA2GCsystemmaybedeployedinthefuture.
NOTE1:ThedefencesystemisalsousedbytheNetherlandsinotherNATOcountriestofulfiltheobligationtoNATO.
TheDA2GCsystemmaythereforealsojeopardisethesafetyinthosecountries.
Thisshouldbedulymadecleartothosecountries.
NOTE2:InadditiontoexcludingthesystemfromDutchterritoryacoordinationzoneshouldbeestablishedinneighbouringcountries.
Sizetobedeterminedbycompatibilitystudies.
ETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)9NOTE3:TheseconclusionsarebasedonscientificresearchperformedbyanindependentresearchinstituteinTheNetherlands.
StatementinresponsefromtheWorkItemRapporteur:IthassubsequentlybeenidentifiedthatthecompatibilitystudiesreferredtoaboverelatetothetechnologyproposedintheETSISystemReferenceDocumentTR101599[i.
9],ratherthanthetechnologyproposedinthepresentdocument.
ConsequentlyitisacknowledgedthatfurtherstudieswillberequiredtoidentifythecompatibilityoftheDA2GCtechnologydescribedinthepresentdocument,withrespecttothedefencesystemreferredtoabove.
Asaconsequence,itispossiblethatadifferentexclusionrangewillberequiredforthistechnology,resultinginadifferentconclusionwithregardtothecompatibilityofthissystem.
5PresentationofthesystemortechnologyTheimportanceofconnectivitybetweenaircraftandgroundfortheairlinebusinessisgrowingfast.
Passengershavemadeclearthattheywouldbenefitfromon-boardbroadbandinternetaccessandthattheyarepreparedtopayfortheserviceprovidedthatthepriceisconsideredreasonable.
Apartfrompassengerrelatedapplications,airlineswouldalsobenefitfromahighcapacitycommunicationslinkfornon-safetyoflifeoperationaldata.
Manyapplicationstoreduceoperatingcostsandincreaseefficiencyaredeniedairlinesbecauseofthepresentcostsofprovidinganadequatelink.
Therehavebeenpreviousattemptstoprovidesatellitebasedconnectivitybutthesehavebeenfrustratedmainlyduetothecostofdeployingandoperatingthenecessaryinfrastructure;especiallythecostofaircraftinstallationandoperation.
Consumerdevices,suchassmartphonesandtabletcomputers,aredevelopingrapidlyandoffereasyWLANconnectivity.
Moreandmorepassengersarecarryingpocketdevicesthatareconvenienttouseduringeventheshortestofflights.
6MarketinformationThepotentialmarketforairpassengercommunicationswasexaminedwhendevelopingpreviousSystemReferenceDocumentsforBroadbandDA2GCommunications[i.
9]and[i.
10].
ConnectivitytoICTserviceswhiletravellinghasbecomeanexpectationoftheflyingpublic,andacompetitiveadvantageamongairlinesattemptingtogainorprotectmarketshare.
Existingsatellite-basedconnectivitysolutionsforaircraftinL-BandandKu-Bandsufferfromhighoperationalcostandfromsignificantweightandefforttoinstallaircraftequipment(especiallysatelliteantennas).
DependingonthedegreeofusageandgrowingofthemarkettheLBandsolutionsmayrunintocapacitylimitationsinthemid-term,especiallyforhighdensityairtrafficovercontinentalareassuchasEurope.
AninterestingalternativebringingbroadbanddatatocontinentalaircraftfleetsisDirectAir-to-GroundCommunications(DA2GC).
ModernbroadbandwirelessaccesstechnologiescouldbeasoundtechnologicalbasisforaDA2GCsolutionduetotheirinherenthighspectralefficiencyanddistinctlyreducedinfrastructurecoston-boardtheaircraftcomparedtosatellitesystems.
TheintroductionofbroadbandDA2GCisexpectedtobefocusedon:scheduledaviation;businessaviation.
ThemainapplicationfieldwillbeAirPassengerCommunications(APC),e.
g.
internet/companyintranetaccess,butinadditionthesystemmayalsosupportAirlineAdministrativeCommunications(AAC).
TheenvisagedbroadbandDA2GCsystemisnotintendedtobeusedforsafety-relevantcommunicationssuchasAirTrafficManagement(ATM)andrelatedservices.
ETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)107TechnicalinformationThedescribedbroadbandDA2Gsystemisintendedtoprovidebroadbandconnectivitybetweenanaircraftandtheground,toenableprovisionofservicestopassengersonboard(e.
g.
e-mail,webbrowsing,infotainment,socialnetworking,andinstantmessaging).
Theoverallsystemconnectivityalsoenablesthefacilitytoprovidenon-safetyrelevantairlineinformationserviceswhilstmaintainingcompleteisolationbetweensuchdataandthevariousinternetandinfotainmentservicesavailabletopassengersintheaircraftcabin.
Thesystemisdesignedtoenableconsiderationoftheoptionforlicence-exemptorlightlylicensedoperationinthe5,8GHzband.
Toenhancespectrumefficiencythroughfrequencyreusethegroundstationsaredesignedtohave6sectors.
Whennotrequiredtoserviceaircraft,theassociatedsectortransmittermaybeinhibited.
Amongotherthingsthisreducesanyinter-cellinterference.
However,whereonlyshortrangecoverageisrequired,forexampleatairports,itispossibletouseasingleomni-directionalantenna.
7.
1DetailedtechnicaldescriptionThesystemisessentiallybasedon3GUMTSTDDstandardsthathavebeenadaptedforoperationinthe5,8GHzband.
Itusesmulti-sectorantennastooptimisethegroundinfrastructureperformancebyprovidingcoveragewhenandwhererequiredwhilereducinginterference.
Essentiallythesignalinspaceiscompliantwith3GPPstandardsapartfromtheoperatingfrequency.
Theoverallend-to-endsystemarchitectureofthebroadbandDA2GCsystemisillustratedinfigure1.
Figure1:SystemarchitectureforbroadbandDA2GCThemajorbuildingblocksoftheend-to-endsystemarchitectureare:servicerelatednetworkinfrastructureon-boardtheaircraftsuchasWLAN;DA2GCinfrastructureon-boardtheaircraft(externalantenna,avionicswithmodem,cabling,interfacingtoon-boardnetwork);terrestrialradioaccessnetworkforDA2GCwithbroadbandbackhaullinks,whichwouldpreferablybebasedonexistinginfrastructure,butwithmodifications(e.
g.
withregardtoantennatypesandgroundstationimplementation)toestablishhigh-performanceradiolinkstoaircraftinDA2GCenvironment;ETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)11mobilecorenetworkforsession,mobility,subscriberandsecuritymanagementprovidingIPconnectivitytoexternalpacketdatanetworks(e.
g.
intranet,internet,IMS);centralnetworkcomponentsrequiredforO&M,etc.
intheDA2GCnetwork;variousIP-basedservicedeliveryplatformse.
g.
forpassengerservicesorforairlineoraircraftrepair/manufacturerinternalapplications.
Thesystemusesstandardisedequipment(ETSI3GPPstandards)fortheDA2GClink.
Theuserequipment(UE)wouldrefertotheDA2GCaircraftstation(AS),andthegroundstation(GS)wouldrefertotheDA2GCgroundstation(GS).
TheairborneequipmentisdesignedtomeetthestandardisationrequirementsofEUROCAEED-14E[i.
2].
7.
2Technicalparametersandimplicationsonspectrum7.
2.
1Statusoftechnicalparameters7.
2.
1.
1CurrentITUandEuropeanCommonAllocationsCurrentITUandEuropeanCommonAllocationsAspreviouslyindicated,thesystemhascurrentlybeenoptimizedforoperationinthefrequencyband5,855GHzto5,875GHz.
ThisbandisincludedinthelistofcandidatebandsunderconsiderationinCEPT[i.
4].
CurrentallocationofthecandidatebandsintheITURadioRegulations[i.
5]isincludedintable1,togetherwithactualusagewithintheCEPT.
Table1:ITUAllocationsandactualusagewithinCEPTFrequencybandITUallocationsinRegion1ActualusageofthebandatnationallevelwithinCEPTActualusageofadjacentbandsatnationallevelwithinCEPT5,855GHzto5,875GHzFIXEDFIXED-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)MOBILEBFWA,ITS,SRDs,FSS(uplink),militarysystems(onanationallevel)RLS,RTTT,BFWA,SRDs,ITSCurrentcommonallocationoftheabovebandsinEuropeisgiveninERCReport25[i.
6].
7.
2.
1.
2Sharingandcompatibilitystudies(ifany)alreadyavailableAtthetimeofdraftingthepresentdocument,thesharingandcompatibilitystudiesbetweenDA2GClinksandothersystemsarebeingstudiedwithintheCEPT/ECCSpectrumEngineeringWorkingGroup.
Acompatibilitystudyfora3GTDDsystemusingsimilartechnicalparametershasbeenundertakenforthissystemintheband5,850GHzto5,870GHz[i.
7].
7.
2.
1.
3SharingandcompatibilityissuesstilltobeconsideredAtthetimeofdraftingthepresentdocumentfurthercompatibilitystudiesarebeingundertakenwithinCEPTfortheband5,855GHzto5,875GHz.
Thepresentdocumentincludesspectrumemissionmaskstosupportthesestudies;onemask(clause7.
2.
2.
1)givestheemissionsinthefrequencydomain,whileemissionmasksintheelevationdomainarealsogiven(clauses7.
2.
2.
1.
2and7.
2.
2.
1.
3fortheGroundStationandAircraftStationrespectively).
ETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)127.
2.
2Transmitterparameters7.
2.
2.
1TransmitterOutputPower/RadiatedPowerItisimportanttonotethatforanygivencell,atanygiveninstant,thesystemcanrestrictthetotalnumberofactivetransmitterstoone.
ThiscanbeeithertheGSoroneAS.
Hencetheactualnumberofaircraftphysicallywithinthecellcoveragedoesnotimpacttheaggregateinterferencefromthatcell.
Themaximumvaluesofthetransmitterparametersarelistedintables2and3.
Table2:DA2GCTransmitterCharacteristicsParameterUnitValueBandwidthMHz5or10TransmitterMeanOutputPower(GS)dBm38TransmitterMeanOutputPower(AS)dBm36Transmitterfeederloss(GS)dB2Transmitterfeederloss(AS)dB4TransmitterMeanEIRP(GS)dBm60(fordirectionalantenna)51(forsectorantenna)43(foromnidirectionalantenna)TransmitterMeanEIRP(AS)dBm39TransmitterDutyCycleFactordB3MinimumTransmitPowerControl(GS)RangedB3MinimumTransmitPowerControl(AS)RangedB50TheEIRPfiguresgivenintable2areindependentofwhethera5MHzor10MHzbandwidthisused.
Thesystemnormallyusesa10MHzbandwidthbut5MHzmaybeusedforlongrangecoverage(e.
g.
acrossasea).
Thespectrumemissionmaskisgiveninfigure2.
ETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)13NOTE1:0dBcReferenceLevelisthespectraldensityrelativetothemaximumspectralpowerdensityofthetransmittedsignal.
Forexample:i)foraGroundStationwithadirectionalantenna,usinga10MHzbandwidth,theReferencelevel(0dBc)wouldbe60dBm/(10MHz)=50dBm/MHz.
ii)foranAircraftStationusinga5MHzbandwidth,theReferencelevel(0dBc)wouldbe39dBm/(5MHz)=32dBm/MHz.
NOTE2:OntheFrequencyOffsetaxis,thefiguresapplytoa10MHzbandwidthsystem,whereasthefiguresinparenthesesapplytoa5MHzbandwidthsystem.
Figure2:SpectralEmissionMaskforbothGSandASFigure2showsthein-bandandout-of-bandemissions,anditshouldbenotedthattherequirementsinclause7.
2.
2.
4willalsoapply.
7.
2.
2.
1.
1AntennaCharacteristicsTheantennacharacteristicsarelistedintable3.
Table3:DA2GCAntennaCharacteristicsParameterUnitValueMaxantennagain(AS)dBi7Maxantennagain(GSOmni)dBi7GSomniantennaup-tiltdegrees15Maxantennagain(GSSector)dBi15GSsectorantennaup-tiltdegrees6Maxantennagain(GSDirectional)dBi24GSdirectionalantennaup-tiltdegrees3Differenttypesofantennamaybeemployed.
Theseincludefromomni-directionalantennas,sectorantennas,anddirectionalantennaswithamplitudebeamforming.
Highgaindirectionalantennasareonlyusedwhenlongrangecoverageisrequiredoverwater.
ETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)147.
2.
2.
1.
1.
1TypicalGroundStationAntennaPatternsFigure3:GSOmniAntennaElevationPatternFigure4:GSOmniAntennaAzimuthPatternETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)15Figure5:GSSectorAntennaElevationPatternFigure6:GSSectorAntennaAzimuthPatternFigure7:GSDirectionalAntennaElevationandAzimuthPatternETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)167.
2.
2.
1.
1.
2TypicalAircraftAntennaPatternsFigure8:AircraftAntennaElevationPatternFigure9:AircraftAntennaAzimuthPattern7.
2.
2.
1.
2GroundStationElevationEIRPMaskInordertofacilitatesharingstudies,figures10and11aregivenforthemaximumantennagainandEIRPrespectivelyfortheGS,asafunctionofelevationangle.
Inthosecaseswheretherearenogroundbasedvictimsystems(e.
g.
oversea)themaximumEIRPis-1dBW/(4kHz).
ETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)17Figure10:GSAntennaElevationMaskFigure11:GSElevationEIRPMask7.
2.
2.
1.
3AircraftStationElevationAntennaandEIRPMasksInordertofacilitatesharingstudies,thefollowingmasksaregivenforthemaximumEIRPfromtheAS,asafunctionofangle.
Foranglesabovethehorizontal("elevation"angles),theseincludetheeffectoftheshieldingduetothefuselageoftheaircraft.
Anglesbelowthehorizontal,arereferredtoasanglesofdepression(i.
e.
90degreesisverticallydownwards).
ECCReport140[i.
14]suggeststhattheattenuationthroughtheskinofthefuselagemaybetakenas17dB.
TheDA2GCASantennaislocatedunderthefuselageontheaircraft'scentrelineunderthecargocompartment.
Thereforeforsignificantanglesofelevation,theradiosignalswouldbepointingthroughthreewallsofthefuselage(i.
e.
theouterskinoftheaircraftintothecargobay,throughtheflooroftheaircraftbetweenthecargobayandthecabin,andthenthroughtheupperroofofthefuselage).
Takingthesethreewallstogetherwouldgiverisetoanattenuationinexcessof40dB.
Furthermore,theantennapatternitselfwouldintroduceanattenuationofabout20dB.
Anyexternalcouplingaroundthefuselagewouldalsointroducefurtherattenuation.
Hencethemaskmaybeconsideredtobeconservative.
ETSIETSITR103108V1.
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1(2013-07)18Figure12:AircraftEIRPSectorsFigure13:ASAntennaElevationMask-SectorATable4:ASAntennaElevationMask-SectorAAngle(degrees)Gain(dBi)0020-38160-381800ETSIETSITR103108V1.
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1(2013-07)19Figure14:ASElevationEIRPMask-SectorA(includingaircraftfuselageshadowing)Figure15:ASAntennaDepressionMask-SectorBTable5:ASAntennaDepressionMask-SectorBAngle(degrees)Gain(dBi)008720735-745-7500900ETSIETSITR103108V1.
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1(2013-07)20Figure16:ASDepressionEIRPMask-SectorB7.
2.
2.
2OperatingFrequencyThesystemisoptimisedtooperatewithinthe5,855GHzto5,875GHzband.
However,thetechnologycanbeadjustedtooperatewithinextendedbandof790MHzto6GHz.
7.
2.
2.
3BandwidthThesystemisdesignedtooperateusinga5MHzor10MHzbandwidth.
The3GTDDtechnologyusedsupportsafrequencyreusefactorof1.
However,factorsof2or3wouldreduceinter-cellinterferenceandthiswouldbepossibleusingthe5MHzoption.
7.
2.
2.
4UnwantedemissionsTheout-of-bandemissionsareaddressedinclause7.
2.
2.
1,andthespuriousemissionsareasdefinedinCEPT/ERC/Recommendation74-01[i.
11]Annex2("ReferenceNumber2.
1.
1")forLandMobileServiceTerminalsandBaseStations.
Thespuriousemissionsfromtheantennaconnectorduringtransmitmodearedefinedasunwantedpowerinthebandsfrom30MHzuptoFc-2,5*BWandfromFc+2,5*BWupto5*Fc,whereFcisthecarrierfrequencyandBWisthesignalbandwidth(5MHzor10MHz).
Thisfrequencybandcoversbothin-bandandout-of-bandemissions.
Themaximumlevelofspuriousemissionis:-36dBm/(100kHz),for9kHz≤f≤1GHz-30dBm/MHz,for1GHz2.
2.
5SynchronisationThenetworkissynchronisedandachievesthenecessarytimingaccuracyusingGNSS.
IntheunlikelyeventofatemporarylossoftheGNSStimingsignal,aninternaloscillatorcanmaintainsynchronisation.
ETSIETSITR103108V1.
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1(2013-07)217.
2.
2.
6MitigationCharacteristics7.
2.
2.
6.
1AircraftStationThein-flightaircrafttransmitteroutputpowermaybeattenuatedaccordingtoaltitude.
Thissignificantlyincreasesprotectionforgroundbasedapplicationsusingthesameband(forexampleautomatedpaymentsystems).
Figure17:AircraftMitigationAttenuation7.
2.
2.
6.
2GroundStationMitigationmaybeachievedthroughappropriatesittingofthegroundstation,antennaup-tiltorbytheuseofamechanismthatisbaseduponDFSemployedbyBFWAsystemsasdescribedinECCReport68[i.
10].
The3GTDDformatusessynchronised10msframesdividedinto15Tx/Rxslots.
Toachievethemaximumrangerequiresthat2slotsareunused.
Slotsaredroppedfromthereverselinktherebymaintainingforwardlinkthroughput.
Aconsequenceofdroppingslotsisthattheentirenetwork(groundandair)issilentforaperiodevery10ms.
DuringthisperioditispossibleforthegroundstationtomeasuretheaggregatelevelofsignalsreceivedfromotherapplicationssuchasBFWA.
Ifthismeasuredsignallevelexceedsthethresholdthenthetransmitterforthatparticularsectorisinhibited.
7.
2.
2.
6.
3FlightProfileThedifferentphasesofatypicalflightprofileareshowninfigure18.
Transmitterpowerreductionisappliedduringtake-off,climb,descentandlandingaspreviouslydescribed.
ETSIETSITR103108V1.
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1(2013-07)22Figure18:Phasesofatypicalflightprofile7.
2.
3ReceiverparametersThereceivercharacteristicsarelistedintable6.
Table6:DA2GCReceiverCharacteristicsParameterUnitValueBandwidthMHz5or10ReceiversensitivitydBm-106(5MHzBandwidth)-103(10MHzBandwidth)ReceiverfeederlossdB1ReceiverinterferencethresholddBm/MHz-113,97.
3Informationonrelevantstandard(s)ThesystemisbasedonUMTSTDDasspecifiedinEN301908-6[i.
12]andEN301908-7[i.
13].
HoweveritisrecognisedthatETSIwillneedtodevelopaHarmonizedStandardforDA2GCtooperateinthe5,8GHzband.
8RadiospectrumrequestandjustificationThedescribedbroadbandDA2Gcommunicationssystemisunlikelytorequireanydedicatedspectrumtobemadeavailable,sincethefeaturesofthetechnologypermitco-frequencysharingwithotherradioapplicationswiththeminimumofconstraints(e.
g.
carefulsitingofgroundstationswithworkableexclusionzonesaroundeachsite).
Thisisparticularlythecasewhenconsideringthepotentialforoperationinthespectrumbandfrom5,855GHzto5,875GHz,whichisusedforvariouslicence-exemptradioapplications.
Thesystemcanoperatewithvariablebandwidthsinanysub-bandwithintherelevantfrequencyrange.
Foroptimumperformance,inTDDmode,thesystemwouldrequireupto20MHzofspectrum.
Thisspectrumrequirementisdrivenbytheneedtosupplysufficientcapacitytoservepassengersandcrewon-boardtheaircraftwiththedesiredrangeofbroadbandservicesandhasbeennotedbytheECCatits30thmeetinginDecember2011,basedontheinformationgivenin[i.
8].
ETSIETSITR103108V1.
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1(2013-07)239Regulations9.
1CurrentregulationsInEurope,therearecurrentlynofrequencybandswhicharedesignatedforDA2GCuseandnospecificregulationstofacilitateintroductionofsuchservices.
9.
2ProposedregulationandjustificationItisproposed,afterthefinalisationoftherequiredsharingandcompatibilitystudies,thatanECCDecisionisdevelopedforthedesignationofspectrumwithinthefrequencyband5,855GHzto5,875GHzfortheBroadbandDA2GC.
Accesstothespectrumshouldbeaseasyaspossible,e.
g.
basedonalightlicensingprocedure.
AnECCDecisionwouldappeartobethemostappropriateregulatoryinstrument,sincethiswouldgivethehighestdegreeofharmonisationacrosstheCEPTregion.
ETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)24AnnexA:BibliographyECCDocumentFM48(11)024anditsAnnex:"SpectrumdemandforBroadbandDirectAir-to-GroundCommunications(DA2GC)".
ETSIETSITR103108V1.
1.
1(2013-07)25HistoryDocumenthistoryV1.
1.
1July2013Publication