linksns
sns网站有哪些 时间:2021-02-12 阅读:()
VirtualNetworkEmbeddinginElasticOpticalDataCenterNetworkAidongSu1,a*andYongyiZhang1,b1DalianAirforceCommunicationNCOAcademy,P.
R.
Chinaasuaidong@126.
com,b80834567@qq.
comKeywords:VONembedding;cloudcomputing;elasticopticalnetwork;datacenterAbstract.
Theboominginternetservicesurgetheresearchonthecloudcomputingandthenetworkresourceutilization.
Thecombinationofelasticopticalnetworkanddatacentercansolvethenetworkresourcesdeficientproblemandthecomputingresourcesunbalancedproblem.
Virtualopticalnetworkembeddingprovidesthewayofresourcehigh-efficiency.
Inthispaper,weproposeanovelvirtualnetworksembeddingalgorithmorientingspectrumresource,andthesimulationresultsverifyitssuperiorityonincreasingspectrumresourceutilizationandreducingdemandblockingrate.
IntroductionWiththedevelopmentofInternet,bandwidthdemandisbooming.
Theconstructionofflexibleandlargecapacityopticalnetworkbecomesimportant[1].
WavelengthDivisionMultiplexing(WDM)opticalnetwork,allocatingnetworkresourceinaone-size-fits-allmanner,leadstoinefficientresourceutilizationandlowflexibility.
Byintroducingtheorthogonalfrequencydivisionmultiplexing(OFDM)andbreakingthroughthefixedbandwidthspacingrestrictionbetweenwavelengthtunnels,elasticopticalnetworkutilizesspectrumresourcesefficiently.
Meanwhile,withthewidespreaduseofcloudcomputingandvirtualizationtechnologyindatacenters(DC),thevirtualnetworkembedding(VNE)becomesachallengeintheclouddataDCnetworks(DCNs)[2-5].
Itenablestheco-existenceofmultiplevirtualnetworksonthesamesubstratenetworkbysharingtheavailableresources.
Thus,VNEinelasticopticalDCNsiswidespreadlyconcerned.
ThispaperfirstdescribesVNEprobleminelasticopticalDCNsandpresentsthecorrespondingmathematicalmodel.
Forstatictraffic,wedesignavirtualnetworkembeddingalgorithmbasedonthelayeredauxiliarygraphreferredtoasVNEorientingspectrumresource(VNE-OSR).
Theproposedalgorithmcanintegratefourdifferentserviceorderingstrategies.
Simulationresultsshowthat,intermsofimprovingnetworkresourceutilizationandreducingtheblockingrate,theproposedVNE-OSRalgorithmreflectsgoodperformances.
ElasticOpticalDataCenterNetworkVirtualizationFig.
1SchematicdiagramofvirtualnetworkembeddingOpticalDCNvirtualizationequatesthecombinationofthevirtualnodeembeddingandthevirtuallinkembedding,i.
e.
,themappingfromvirtualopticalnetwork(VON)tophysicalnetworks[6].
Thatincludes1)selectingappropriateservers(orDC)forthecomputingresourcerequestsofvirtualnodes,i.
e.
,themappingfromvirtualnodestosubstratecomputingelements,and2)allocatingappropriatefiberlinksandspectrumforvirtuallinks,i.
e.
themappingfromvirtuallinkstofiberlinks[7].
Concretely,asshowninFig.
1(a),thereare5serversand6fiberlinksinthesubstratenetworks.
Thereexist8spectrumslotsineachfiberlink,whichcanbeexpressedbyaneight-binary-array,where"1"denotesthisspectrumslothasbeenoccupied;otherwise,it's"0".
Thenumberbesideseachserver(orDC)indicatestheremaindercomputingresource.
AsshowninFig.
1(b),thearrivingVONneeds3virtualnodesof4computingresourcesand2virtuallinksof2continuousslots.
Fig.
1(c)showstheresultofVONembedding,i.
e.
,thevirtualnodesa,bandcaremappedaccordinglytoserversD,BandE,andthevirtuallinksabandacaremappedaccordinglytoDBandDE.
TheVNEintheelasticopticalDCNscanneatlydistributespectrumsaccordingtodemands,soitcanrisethespectrumresourceutilization,andmeanwhile,VNEmainlyorientsthescenewheretheDCNpower-systemfailsandthenrecoversgradually.
Inthissituation,thereexistmanyimproperserverssinceapowerfailureandscarceserver-computing-resourcewillleadtomanyblockedVONdemands,thusitisveryvaluabletoresearch.
ProblemDescriptionTheelasticopticalDCNshavetheabstractedsubstratetopology(,)sssGVE,wheresVrepresentsthesetofsubstratenodes,andsErepresentsthesetofbi-directionallinks(eachlinkisconsistoftworeversed-unidirectionalfibers).
EachsubstratenodesnV∈hasacertainamountofavailablecomputingresourcenc.
ThespectrumresourceineachfiberlinkseE∈isdividedintospectrumslotswiththesamebandwidth,andeachspectrumslotcorrespondswithanOFDMsub-carrier,i.
e.
eachfiberlinkconstitutesaseriesofcontinuoussub-carriers.
ThissituationcouldbeexpressedbyabinaryarrayebwithBelements,whereBrepresentsthemaximumsub-carrierquantityineachfiber.
EachVONrequestcouldbeindicatedbynon-directionalgraph(,)rrrGVE,andeachvirtualnoderjV∈hasitscomputingresourcerequestjm.
InthesameVON,anybandwidthsub-requestamongallvirtuallinksisequal,sothebandwidthrequestofeachvirtuallinkrkE∈isindicatedbyrn,i.
e.
,itisthecontinuoussub-carrieramountwhichneedbeassignedtothevirtuallink.
Eachfiberlinkhasthesamequantityofsub-carriers,andasmentionedabove,anyrequiredbandwidthineachvirtuallinkinthesameVONrequesthasthecoincidentamount.
ThecoreofVONproblemistomapaVONrequestintosubstratenetworks,i.
e.
themappingfromvirtualnodesintosubstratenodesandthemappingfromvirtuallinksintothefiberlinks.
ForthestaticVONembeddingproblem,giventhatalltherequestdemandswerenotblocked,thetargetoftheVONembeddingalgorithmisminimizingthemaximumsub-carrierserialnumberusedinallfiberlinks.
VirtualNetworkEmbeddingAlgorithmWeproposeanovelVNEalgorithmbasedonthelayeredauxiliarygraph(LAG)referredtoasVNEorientingspectrumresource(VNE-OSR)forstaticdemands,andittakestwophases:thecomputingresourceallocationforvirtualnodesandthebandwidthresourceallocationforvirtuallinks.
Thealgorithmcanallocateappropriatespectrumresourceaccordingtothedemandactualsize.
VNE-OSRfirsttriestoconstructaLAGaccordingtovirtuallinkbandwidthrequirementsofaVONandtheonline-servicebandwidth-conditionoffiberlinks.
IfaLAGisbuiltsuccessfully,weexecutethemappingofnodesandlinksonthisgraph;otherwise,weblockthedemand.
Table1showsthepseudo-codeofVNE-OSR.
Lines2-7expresstheprocessofconstructingaLAG,anddescribehowtotransportaVONdemandmappingfromsubstratenetworkstoacertainLAG.
Thealgorithmorderlycheckseachfiberwhetherrnavailablecontinuousspectrumslotsexit.
Ifthereexistsufficientspectrumslots,weinsertthefiberintotheLAGi,whereiisthestatingspectrumslotindex.
Whenallfibersarecheckedup,thealgorithmwillcheckinterconnectingelementsonLAGi,andformssomesub-graphs.
Andthenitsortsthesesub-graphsinthedescendingorderbasedonthenodenumber,where()subknodeGdenotesthenodenumberinsubkG.
rVdenotesthevirtualnodenumberinaembeddingrequestrV.
Lines8-11runthenodemappingandthelinkmapping.
Table1Pseudo-codeofVNE-OSRalgorithmVNE-OSRInput:SubstratenetworksG,aVONrequestrG;Output:NodemappingNM,linkmappingLM;1.
backupsGinstG;2.
for1i=to1rBn+do3.
restoresGtostG;4.
foreachconnectedcomponentinsGdo5.
subkG←selectaconnectedcomponentofsG;6.
removesubkGfromsG;7.
sort{,1.
.
.
1}subjGjk=basedon()subjnodeGindescendingorder;8.
for1j=to1kdo9.
applyNMLMalgorithmtoembedrGontosubjG;10.
markrGasblocked;11.
restoresGtostG;SimulationSimulationSetting.
WeadoptNSFNETasthetestingtopology.
Eachfiberlinkconsistsofapairofreversed-unidirectionalfibers.
Themaximumsub-carrierserialnumber(MSSN)occupiedinsubstratenetworksandthemeanblockingprobability(MBP)arethetestmerits.
MSSNiscalculatedbytheequation(1),wheresfisbinary,andifthesub-carrierisoccupied,1sf=;or,0sf=.
maxsMSSNsf=.
(1)ResultsandAnalysis.
Basedonthedifferentservicesequenceofdemands,wecombinetheproposedVONembeddingalgorithmwithfourdifferentorderingstrategies,thatis,firstfitbasedVNE-OSRalgorithm(VNE-FF),bandwidthfitbasedVNE-OSRalgorithm(VNE-BF),computingfitbasedVNE-OSRalgorithm(VNE-CF)andresourcefitbasedVNE-OSRalgorithm(VNE-RF).
Wedothissimulationfortwotargets:1)withefficientbandwidthresource,undertheconditionwherethesystemcanservealldemands,wecomparethefouralgorithmsbyMSSNsinfiberlinks;2)withlimitedbandwidthresource,wecompareMBPs.
Alldemandscanbeservedandthereareefficientcomputingandbandwidthresources.
Wesupposethereare300sub-carriersineachfiber,and300computingresourcecapacityineachphysicalnode(DC).
InFig2,inVONs,thebandwidthrequirementsofthevirtuallinksrangefrom2to4,andthedemandscoperangesfrom10to80.
Withtheincreasingdemands,theoccupiedMSSNsrise.
MSSNofVNE-FFisthehighestanditperformsworst.
Thus,forstaticdemands,thedemandservicesequencecaneffectMSSNs.
ComparedwithVNE-FF,otherthreealgorithmsperformbetter.
InFig.
3,wesupposethere50sub-carriersineachfiberand800computingresourcecapacityineachphysicalnode.
ForVONs,thebandwidthrequirementsofvirtuallinksrangefrom2to5andthedemandscoperangefrom20to200.
Whenthedemandsarelessthan60,allMBPsare0.
Withtheincreasingdemandscope,allMBPsrise.
That'sbecause,underthelimitedbandwidthresourceinfibers,thesmalldemandscopeleavesmorereminderbandwidthresource,whichcanservemoredemandsandreduceMBP,andwhereastheopposite.
Andthen,asshowninFig.
3,VNE-BFgainsthehighestMBPandperformsworst,inversely,VNE-CFperformsthebest.
That'sbecause,VNE-BFfollowsaserviceorderbasedonthebandwidthrequirementsequenceanditfirstlyservesthebiggestbandwidthrequirementdemand,leadingintothemoreoccupiedbandwidthresourceinfibers.
Thus,therestresourcecan'tserveallthesubsequentdemands.
Fig.
2ComparisonofMSSNswithdifferentdemandsamongVNE-FF,VNE-BF,VNE-CFandVNE-RFFig.
3ComparisonofMBPswithdifferentdemandsamongVNE-FF,VNE-BF,VNE-CFandVNE-RFConclusionItisvaluabletoresearchthevirtualopticalnetworkembeddingintodatacenternetworksorasingledatacenter.
ThispaperproposesaVNEalgorithmorientingspectrumresourcemaximumutilization.
Thesimulationresultstestifytheadvantageofouralgorithmintheresourceefficiency.
References[1]S.
Sakr,A.
Liu,D.
M.
Batista,etal.
"ASurveyofLargeScaleDataManagementApproachesinCloudEnvironments",IEEECommunicationsSurveys&Tutorials,2011,13(3):311-336.
[2]C.
Kachris,I.
Tomkos.
"ASurveyonOpticalInterconnectsforDataCentres",IEEECommunicationsSurveys&Tutorials,2012,14(4):1021-1036.
[3]M.
Jinno,H.
TakaraandB.
Kozicki.
"Conceptandenablingtechnologiesofspectrum-slicedelasticopticalpathnetwork(SLICE)",ACP,2009,pp.
1-2.
[4]M.
Jinno,H.
TakaraandB.
Kozicki.
"Spectrum-EfficientandScalableElasticOpticalPathNetwork:Architecture,Benefits,andEnablingTechnologies",IEEECommunicationsMagazine,2009,47(6):66-73.
[5]M.
Jinno,H.
TakaraandB.
Kozicki.
"Dynamicopticalmeshnetworks:drivers,challengesandsolutionsforthefuture",ECOC,2009,pp.
1-14.
[6]L.
Gong,Z.
Q.
Zhu.
"VirtualOpticalNetworkEmbedding(VONE)overElasticOpticalNetworks",JournalofLightwaveTechnology,2014,32(3):450-460.
[7]L.
K.
N.
Georgakilas,A.
Tzanakaki,M.
Anastasopoulos,etal.
"ConvergedOpticalNetworkandDataCenterVirtualInfrastructurePlanning",IEEE/OSAJournalofOpticalCommunicationsandNetworking,2012,4(9):681-691.
R.
Chinaasuaidong@126.
com,b80834567@qq.
comKeywords:VONembedding;cloudcomputing;elasticopticalnetwork;datacenterAbstract.
Theboominginternetservicesurgetheresearchonthecloudcomputingandthenetworkresourceutilization.
Thecombinationofelasticopticalnetworkanddatacentercansolvethenetworkresourcesdeficientproblemandthecomputingresourcesunbalancedproblem.
Virtualopticalnetworkembeddingprovidesthewayofresourcehigh-efficiency.
Inthispaper,weproposeanovelvirtualnetworksembeddingalgorithmorientingspectrumresource,andthesimulationresultsverifyitssuperiorityonincreasingspectrumresourceutilizationandreducingdemandblockingrate.
IntroductionWiththedevelopmentofInternet,bandwidthdemandisbooming.
Theconstructionofflexibleandlargecapacityopticalnetworkbecomesimportant[1].
WavelengthDivisionMultiplexing(WDM)opticalnetwork,allocatingnetworkresourceinaone-size-fits-allmanner,leadstoinefficientresourceutilizationandlowflexibility.
Byintroducingtheorthogonalfrequencydivisionmultiplexing(OFDM)andbreakingthroughthefixedbandwidthspacingrestrictionbetweenwavelengthtunnels,elasticopticalnetworkutilizesspectrumresourcesefficiently.
Meanwhile,withthewidespreaduseofcloudcomputingandvirtualizationtechnologyindatacenters(DC),thevirtualnetworkembedding(VNE)becomesachallengeintheclouddataDCnetworks(DCNs)[2-5].
Itenablestheco-existenceofmultiplevirtualnetworksonthesamesubstratenetworkbysharingtheavailableresources.
Thus,VNEinelasticopticalDCNsiswidespreadlyconcerned.
ThispaperfirstdescribesVNEprobleminelasticopticalDCNsandpresentsthecorrespondingmathematicalmodel.
Forstatictraffic,wedesignavirtualnetworkembeddingalgorithmbasedonthelayeredauxiliarygraphreferredtoasVNEorientingspectrumresource(VNE-OSR).
Theproposedalgorithmcanintegratefourdifferentserviceorderingstrategies.
Simulationresultsshowthat,intermsofimprovingnetworkresourceutilizationandreducingtheblockingrate,theproposedVNE-OSRalgorithmreflectsgoodperformances.
ElasticOpticalDataCenterNetworkVirtualizationFig.
1SchematicdiagramofvirtualnetworkembeddingOpticalDCNvirtualizationequatesthecombinationofthevirtualnodeembeddingandthevirtuallinkembedding,i.
e.
,themappingfromvirtualopticalnetwork(VON)tophysicalnetworks[6].
Thatincludes1)selectingappropriateservers(orDC)forthecomputingresourcerequestsofvirtualnodes,i.
e.
,themappingfromvirtualnodestosubstratecomputingelements,and2)allocatingappropriatefiberlinksandspectrumforvirtuallinks,i.
e.
themappingfromvirtuallinkstofiberlinks[7].
Concretely,asshowninFig.
1(a),thereare5serversand6fiberlinksinthesubstratenetworks.
Thereexist8spectrumslotsineachfiberlink,whichcanbeexpressedbyaneight-binary-array,where"1"denotesthisspectrumslothasbeenoccupied;otherwise,it's"0".
Thenumberbesideseachserver(orDC)indicatestheremaindercomputingresource.
AsshowninFig.
1(b),thearrivingVONneeds3virtualnodesof4computingresourcesand2virtuallinksof2continuousslots.
Fig.
1(c)showstheresultofVONembedding,i.
e.
,thevirtualnodesa,bandcaremappedaccordinglytoserversD,BandE,andthevirtuallinksabandacaremappedaccordinglytoDBandDE.
TheVNEintheelasticopticalDCNscanneatlydistributespectrumsaccordingtodemands,soitcanrisethespectrumresourceutilization,andmeanwhile,VNEmainlyorientsthescenewheretheDCNpower-systemfailsandthenrecoversgradually.
Inthissituation,thereexistmanyimproperserverssinceapowerfailureandscarceserver-computing-resourcewillleadtomanyblockedVONdemands,thusitisveryvaluabletoresearch.
ProblemDescriptionTheelasticopticalDCNshavetheabstractedsubstratetopology(,)sssGVE,wheresVrepresentsthesetofsubstratenodes,andsErepresentsthesetofbi-directionallinks(eachlinkisconsistoftworeversed-unidirectionalfibers).
EachsubstratenodesnV∈hasacertainamountofavailablecomputingresourcenc.
ThespectrumresourceineachfiberlinkseE∈isdividedintospectrumslotswiththesamebandwidth,andeachspectrumslotcorrespondswithanOFDMsub-carrier,i.
e.
eachfiberlinkconstitutesaseriesofcontinuoussub-carriers.
ThissituationcouldbeexpressedbyabinaryarrayebwithBelements,whereBrepresentsthemaximumsub-carrierquantityineachfiber.
EachVONrequestcouldbeindicatedbynon-directionalgraph(,)rrrGVE,andeachvirtualnoderjV∈hasitscomputingresourcerequestjm.
InthesameVON,anybandwidthsub-requestamongallvirtuallinksisequal,sothebandwidthrequestofeachvirtuallinkrkE∈isindicatedbyrn,i.
e.
,itisthecontinuoussub-carrieramountwhichneedbeassignedtothevirtuallink.
Eachfiberlinkhasthesamequantityofsub-carriers,andasmentionedabove,anyrequiredbandwidthineachvirtuallinkinthesameVONrequesthasthecoincidentamount.
ThecoreofVONproblemistomapaVONrequestintosubstratenetworks,i.
e.
themappingfromvirtualnodesintosubstratenodesandthemappingfromvirtuallinksintothefiberlinks.
ForthestaticVONembeddingproblem,giventhatalltherequestdemandswerenotblocked,thetargetoftheVONembeddingalgorithmisminimizingthemaximumsub-carrierserialnumberusedinallfiberlinks.
VirtualNetworkEmbeddingAlgorithmWeproposeanovelVNEalgorithmbasedonthelayeredauxiliarygraph(LAG)referredtoasVNEorientingspectrumresource(VNE-OSR)forstaticdemands,andittakestwophases:thecomputingresourceallocationforvirtualnodesandthebandwidthresourceallocationforvirtuallinks.
Thealgorithmcanallocateappropriatespectrumresourceaccordingtothedemandactualsize.
VNE-OSRfirsttriestoconstructaLAGaccordingtovirtuallinkbandwidthrequirementsofaVONandtheonline-servicebandwidth-conditionoffiberlinks.
IfaLAGisbuiltsuccessfully,weexecutethemappingofnodesandlinksonthisgraph;otherwise,weblockthedemand.
Table1showsthepseudo-codeofVNE-OSR.
Lines2-7expresstheprocessofconstructingaLAG,anddescribehowtotransportaVONdemandmappingfromsubstratenetworkstoacertainLAG.
Thealgorithmorderlycheckseachfiberwhetherrnavailablecontinuousspectrumslotsexit.
Ifthereexistsufficientspectrumslots,weinsertthefiberintotheLAGi,whereiisthestatingspectrumslotindex.
Whenallfibersarecheckedup,thealgorithmwillcheckinterconnectingelementsonLAGi,andformssomesub-graphs.
Andthenitsortsthesesub-graphsinthedescendingorderbasedonthenodenumber,where()subknodeGdenotesthenodenumberinsubkG.
rVdenotesthevirtualnodenumberinaembeddingrequestrV.
Lines8-11runthenodemappingandthelinkmapping.
Table1Pseudo-codeofVNE-OSRalgorithmVNE-OSRInput:SubstratenetworksG,aVONrequestrG;Output:NodemappingNM,linkmappingLM;1.
backupsGinstG;2.
for1i=to1rBn+do3.
restoresGtostG;4.
foreachconnectedcomponentinsGdo5.
subkG←selectaconnectedcomponentofsG;6.
removesubkGfromsG;7.
sort{,1.
.
.
1}subjGjk=basedon()subjnodeGindescendingorder;8.
for1j=to1kdo9.
applyNMLMalgorithmtoembedrGontosubjG;10.
markrGasblocked;11.
restoresGtostG;SimulationSimulationSetting.
WeadoptNSFNETasthetestingtopology.
Eachfiberlinkconsistsofapairofreversed-unidirectionalfibers.
Themaximumsub-carrierserialnumber(MSSN)occupiedinsubstratenetworksandthemeanblockingprobability(MBP)arethetestmerits.
MSSNiscalculatedbytheequation(1),wheresfisbinary,andifthesub-carrierisoccupied,1sf=;or,0sf=.
maxsMSSNsf=.
(1)ResultsandAnalysis.
Basedonthedifferentservicesequenceofdemands,wecombinetheproposedVONembeddingalgorithmwithfourdifferentorderingstrategies,thatis,firstfitbasedVNE-OSRalgorithm(VNE-FF),bandwidthfitbasedVNE-OSRalgorithm(VNE-BF),computingfitbasedVNE-OSRalgorithm(VNE-CF)andresourcefitbasedVNE-OSRalgorithm(VNE-RF).
Wedothissimulationfortwotargets:1)withefficientbandwidthresource,undertheconditionwherethesystemcanservealldemands,wecomparethefouralgorithmsbyMSSNsinfiberlinks;2)withlimitedbandwidthresource,wecompareMBPs.
Alldemandscanbeservedandthereareefficientcomputingandbandwidthresources.
Wesupposethereare300sub-carriersineachfiber,and300computingresourcecapacityineachphysicalnode(DC).
InFig2,inVONs,thebandwidthrequirementsofthevirtuallinksrangefrom2to4,andthedemandscoperangesfrom10to80.
Withtheincreasingdemands,theoccupiedMSSNsrise.
MSSNofVNE-FFisthehighestanditperformsworst.
Thus,forstaticdemands,thedemandservicesequencecaneffectMSSNs.
ComparedwithVNE-FF,otherthreealgorithmsperformbetter.
InFig.
3,wesupposethere50sub-carriersineachfiberand800computingresourcecapacityineachphysicalnode.
ForVONs,thebandwidthrequirementsofvirtuallinksrangefrom2to5andthedemandscoperangefrom20to200.
Whenthedemandsarelessthan60,allMBPsare0.
Withtheincreasingdemandscope,allMBPsrise.
That'sbecause,underthelimitedbandwidthresourceinfibers,thesmalldemandscopeleavesmorereminderbandwidthresource,whichcanservemoredemandsandreduceMBP,andwhereastheopposite.
Andthen,asshowninFig.
3,VNE-BFgainsthehighestMBPandperformsworst,inversely,VNE-CFperformsthebest.
That'sbecause,VNE-BFfollowsaserviceorderbasedonthebandwidthrequirementsequenceanditfirstlyservesthebiggestbandwidthrequirementdemand,leadingintothemoreoccupiedbandwidthresourceinfibers.
Thus,therestresourcecan'tserveallthesubsequentdemands.
Fig.
2ComparisonofMSSNswithdifferentdemandsamongVNE-FF,VNE-BF,VNE-CFandVNE-RFFig.
3ComparisonofMBPswithdifferentdemandsamongVNE-FF,VNE-BF,VNE-CFandVNE-RFConclusionItisvaluabletoresearchthevirtualopticalnetworkembeddingintodatacenternetworksorasingledatacenter.
ThispaperproposesaVNEalgorithmorientingspectrumresourcemaximumutilization.
Thesimulationresultstestifytheadvantageofouralgorithmintheresourceefficiency.
References[1]S.
Sakr,A.
Liu,D.
M.
Batista,etal.
"ASurveyofLargeScaleDataManagementApproachesinCloudEnvironments",IEEECommunicationsSurveys&Tutorials,2011,13(3):311-336.
[2]C.
Kachris,I.
Tomkos.
"ASurveyonOpticalInterconnectsforDataCentres",IEEECommunicationsSurveys&Tutorials,2012,14(4):1021-1036.
[3]M.
Jinno,H.
TakaraandB.
Kozicki.
"Conceptandenablingtechnologiesofspectrum-slicedelasticopticalpathnetwork(SLICE)",ACP,2009,pp.
1-2.
[4]M.
Jinno,H.
TakaraandB.
Kozicki.
"Spectrum-EfficientandScalableElasticOpticalPathNetwork:Architecture,Benefits,andEnablingTechnologies",IEEECommunicationsMagazine,2009,47(6):66-73.
[5]M.
Jinno,H.
TakaraandB.
Kozicki.
"Dynamicopticalmeshnetworks:drivers,challengesandsolutionsforthefuture",ECOC,2009,pp.
1-14.
[6]L.
Gong,Z.
Q.
Zhu.
"VirtualOpticalNetworkEmbedding(VONE)overElasticOpticalNetworks",JournalofLightwaveTechnology,2014,32(3):450-460.
[7]L.
K.
N.
Georgakilas,A.
Tzanakaki,M.
Anastasopoulos,etal.
"ConvergedOpticalNetworkandDataCenterVirtualInfrastructurePlanning",IEEE/OSAJournalofOpticalCommunicationsandNetworking,2012,4(9):681-691.
Megalayer(月599元)限时8月香港和美国大带宽服务器
第一、香港服务器机房这里我们可以看到有提供四个大带宽方案，是全向带宽和国际带宽，前者适合除了中国大陆地区的全网地区用户可以用，后者国际带宽适合欧美地区业务。如果我们是需要大陆地区速度CN2优化的，那就需要选择常规的优化带宽方案，参考这里。CPU内存硬盘带宽流量价格选择E3-12308GB240GB SSD50M全向带宽不限999元/月方案选择E3-12308GB240GB SSD100M国际带宽不...
腾讯云新用户省钱秘笈购买云服务器
目前国内云计算市场竞争异常激烈，尤其是国内的腾讯云、阿里云、景安等商家促销活动一波接一波的进行，对于有需要的用户确实得到不小的实惠。但是这样给予国内的主机商确实是比较大的打击，毕竟这些商家的背景和实例强劲，即便是贴本补贴优惠，也是不怕的。前两年阿里一家各种活动促销，确实在国内市场占据主要的市场地位，腾讯云开始两年没有较大的吸引用户，不过这两年的发展还是比较稳健的。我们很多网友在之前肯定也享受到一些...
六一云互联（41元）美国（24元）/香港/湖北/免费CDN/免费VPS
六一云互联六一云互联为西安六一网络科技有限公司的旗下产品。是一个正规持有IDC/ISP/CDN的国内公司，成立于2018年，主要销售海外高防高速大带宽云服务器/CDN，并以高质量.稳定性.售后相应快.支持退款等特点受很多用户的支持！近期公司也推出了很多给力的抽奖和折扣活动如：新用户免费抽奖，最大可获得500元，湖北新购六折续费八折折上折，全场八折等等最新活动：1.湖北100G高防：新购六折续费八折...
sns网站有哪些为你推荐
-
小企业如何做品牌一个小企业，如何做大做强？access数据库修复请问Access数据库修复恢复该怎么办啊，有些页和模块打不开了，也不知道是怎么回事，丢了文件还conn.asp数据库连接出错，请打开conn.asp文件检查连接字串。ipad代理想买个ipad，3000至4000元左右有什么好的什么是通配符什么是介母billboardchina中国有进美国BillBoard榜的人吗武林官网武林外传网游国服2019年还有多少人玩？申请400电话400电话如何申请办理?网站后台密码破解如何破解网站后台密码香港空间香港有什么标志性建筑？